the highlights of business plan

How to Write a Business Plan: Step-by-Step Guide + Examples

Noah Parsons

24 min. read

Updated March 18, 2024

Writing a business plan doesn’t have to be complicated. 

In this step-by-step guide, you’ll learn how to write a business plan that’s detailed enough to impress bankers and potential investors, while giving you the tools to start, run, and grow a successful business.

• The basics of business planning

If you’re reading this guide, then you already know why you need a business plan . 

You understand that planning helps you: 

• Raise money
• Grow strategically
• Keep your business on the right track 

As you start to write your plan, it’s useful to zoom out and remember what a business plan is .

At its core, a business plan is an overview of the products and services you sell, and the customers that you sell to. It explains your business strategy: how you’re going to build and grow your business, what your marketing strategy is, and who your competitors are.

Most business plans also include financial forecasts for the future. These set sales goals, budget for expenses, and predict profits and cash flow. 

A good business plan is much more than just a document that you write once and forget about. It’s also a guide that helps you outline and achieve your goals. 

After completing your plan, you can use it as a management tool to track your progress toward your goals. Updating and adjusting your forecasts and budgets as you go is one of the most important steps you can take to run a healthier, smarter business. 

We’ll dive into how to use your plan later in this article.

There are many different types of plans , but we’ll go over the most common type here, which includes everything you need for an investor-ready plan. However, if you’re just starting out and are looking for something simpler—I recommend starting with a one-page business plan . It’s faster and easier to create. 

It’s also the perfect place to start if you’re just figuring out your idea, or need a simple strategic plan to use inside your business.

Dig deeper : How to write a one-page business plan

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• What to include in your business plan

Executive summary

The executive summary is an overview of your business and your plans. It comes first in your plan and is ideally just one to two pages. Most people write it last because it’s a summary of the complete business plan.

Ideally, the executive summary can act as a stand-alone document that covers the highlights of your detailed plan. 

In fact, it’s common for investors to ask only for the executive summary when evaluating your business. If they like what they see in the executive summary, they’ll often follow up with a request for a complete plan, a pitch presentation , or more in-depth financial forecasts .

Your executive summary should include:

• A summary of the problem you are solving
• A description of your product or service
• An overview of your target market
• A brief description of your team
• A summary of your financials
• Your funding requirements (if you are raising money)

Dig Deeper: How to write an effective executive summary

Products and services description

This is where you describe exactly what you’re selling, and how it solves a problem for your target market. The best way to organize this part of your plan is to start by describing the problem that exists for your customers. After that, you can describe how you plan to solve that problem with your product or service. 

This is usually called a problem and solution statement .

To truly showcase the value of your products and services, you need to craft a compelling narrative around your offerings. How will your product or service transform your customers’ lives or jobs? A strong narrative will draw in your readers.

This is also the part of the business plan to discuss any competitive advantages you may have, like specific intellectual property or patents that protect your product. If you have any initial sales, contracts, or other evidence that your product or service is likely to sell, include that information as well. It will show that your idea has traction , which can help convince readers that your plan has a high chance of success.

Market analysis

Your target market is a description of the type of people that you plan to sell to. You might even have multiple target markets, depending on your business. 

A market analysis is the part of your plan where you bring together all of the information you know about your target market. Basically, it’s a thorough description of who your customers are and why they need what you’re selling. You’ll also include information about the growth of your market and your industry .

Try to be as specific as possible when you describe your market. 

Include information such as age, income level, and location—these are what’s called “demographics.” If you can, also describe your market’s interests and habits as they relate to your business—these are “psychographics.” 

Related: Target market examples

Essentially, you want to include any knowledge you have about your customers that is relevant to how your product or service is right for them. With a solid target market, it will be easier to create a sales and marketing plan that will reach your customers. That’s because you know who they are, what they like to do, and the best ways to reach them.

Next, provide any additional information you have about your market. 

What is the size of your market ? Is the market growing or shrinking? Ideally, you’ll want to demonstrate that your market is growing over time, and also explain how your business is positioned to take advantage of any expected changes in your industry.

Dig Deeper: Learn how to write a market analysis

Competitive analysis

Part of defining your business opportunity is determining what your competitive advantage is. To do this effectively, you need to know as much about your competitors as your target customers. 

Every business has some form of competition. If you don’t think you have competitors, then explore what alternatives there are in the market for your product or service. 

For example: In the early years of cars, their main competition was horses. For social media, the early competition was reading books, watching TV, and talking on the phone.

A good competitive analysis fully lays out the competitive landscape and then explains how your business is different. Maybe your products are better made, or cheaper, or your customer service is superior. Maybe your competitive advantage is your location – a wide variety of factors can ultimately give you an advantage.

Dig Deeper: How to write a competitive analysis for your business plan

Marketing and sales plan

The marketing and sales plan covers how you will position your product or service in the market, the marketing channels and messaging you will use, and your sales tactics. 

The best place to start with a marketing plan is with a positioning statement . 

This explains how your business fits into the overall market, and how you will explain the advantages of your product or service to customers. You’ll use the information from your competitive analysis to help you with your positioning. 

For example: You might position your company as the premium, most expensive but the highest quality option in the market. Or your positioning might focus on being locally owned and that shoppers support the local economy by buying your products.

Once you understand your positioning, you’ll bring this together with the information about your target market to create your marketing strategy . 

This is how you plan to communicate your message to potential customers. Depending on who your customers are and how they purchase products like yours, you might use many different strategies, from social media advertising to creating a podcast. Your marketing plan is all about how your customers discover who you are and why they should consider your products and services. 

While your marketing plan is about reaching your customers—your sales plan will describe the actual sales process once a customer has decided that they’re interested in what you have to offer. 

If your business requires salespeople and a long sales process, describe that in this section. If your customers can “self-serve” and just make purchases quickly on your website, describe that process. 

A good sales plan picks up where your marketing plan leaves off. The marketing plan brings customers in the door and the sales plan is how you close the deal.

Together, these specific plans paint a picture of how you will connect with your target audience, and how you will turn them into paying customers.

Dig deeper: What to include in your sales and marketing plan

Business operations

The operations section describes the necessary requirements for your business to run smoothly. It’s where you talk about how your business works and what day-to-day operations look like. 

Depending on how your business is structured, your operations plan may include elements of the business like:

• Supply chain management
• Manufacturing processes
• Equipment and technology
• Distribution

Some businesses distribute their products and reach their customers through large retailers like Amazon.com, Walmart, Target, and grocery store chains. 

These businesses should review how this part of their business works. The plan should discuss the logistics and costs of getting products onto store shelves and any potential hurdles the business may have to overcome.

If your business is much simpler than this, that’s OK. This section of your business plan can be either extremely short or more detailed, depending on the type of business you are building.

For businesses selling services, such as physical therapy or online software, you can use this section to describe the technology you’ll leverage, what goes into your service, and who you will partner with to deliver your services.

Dig Deeper: Learn how to write the operations chapter of your plan

Key milestones and metrics

Although it’s not required to complete your business plan, mapping out key business milestones and the metrics can be incredibly useful for measuring your success.

Good milestones clearly lay out the parameters of the task and set expectations for their execution. You’ll want to include:

• A description of each task
• The proposed due date
• Who is responsible for each task

If you have a budget, you can include projected costs to hit each milestone. You don’t need extensive project planning in this section—just list key milestones you want to hit and when you plan to hit them. This is your overall business roadmap. 

Possible milestones might be:

• Website launch date
• Store or office opening date
• First significant sales
• Break even date
• Business licenses and approvals

You should also discuss the key numbers you will track to determine your success. Some common metrics worth tracking include:

• Conversion rates
• Customer acquisition costs
• Profit per customer
• Repeat purchases

It’s perfectly fine to start with just a few metrics and grow the number you are tracking over time. You also may find that some metrics simply aren’t relevant to your business and can narrow down what you’re tracking.

Dig Deeper: How to use milestones in your business plan

Organization and management team

Investors don’t just look for great ideas—they want to find great teams. Use this chapter to describe your current team and who you need to hire . You should also provide a quick overview of your location and history if you’re already up and running.

Briefly highlight the relevant experiences of each key team member in the company. It’s important to make the case for why yours is the right team to turn an idea into a reality. 

Do they have the right industry experience and background? Have members of the team had entrepreneurial successes before? 

If you still need to hire key team members, that’s OK. Just note those gaps in this section.

Your company overview should also include a summary of your company’s current business structure . The most common business structures include:

• Sole proprietor
• Partnership

Be sure to provide an overview of how the business is owned as well. Does each business partner own an equal portion of the business? How is ownership divided? 

Potential lenders and investors will want to know the structure of the business before they will consider a loan or investment.

Dig Deeper: How to write about your company structure and team

Financial plan

Last, but certainly not least, is your financial plan chapter. 

Entrepreneurs often find this section the most daunting. But, business financials for most startups are less complicated than you think, and a business degree is certainly not required to build a solid financial forecast. 

A typical financial forecast in a business plan includes the following:

• Sales forecast : An estimate of the sales expected over a given period. You’ll break down your forecast into the key revenue streams that you expect to have.
• Expense budget : Your planned spending such as personnel costs , marketing expenses, and taxes.
• Profit & Loss : Brings together your sales and expenses and helps you calculate planned profits.
• Cash Flow : Shows how cash moves into and out of your business. It can predict how much cash you’ll have on hand at any given point in the future.
• Balance Sheet : A list of the assets, liabilities, and equity in your company. In short, it provides an overview of the financial health of your business. 

A strong business plan will include a description of assumptions about the future, and potential risks that could impact the financial plan. Including those will be especially important if you’re writing a business plan to pursue a loan or other investment.

Dig Deeper: How to create financial forecasts and budgets

This is the place for additional data, charts, or other information that supports your plan.

Including an appendix can significantly enhance the credibility of your plan by showing readers that you’ve thoroughly considered the details of your business idea, and are backing your ideas up with solid data.

Just remember that the information in the appendix is meant to be supplementary. Your business plan should stand on its own, even if the reader skips this section.

Dig Deeper : What to include in your business plan appendix

Optional: Business plan cover page

Adding a business plan cover page can make your plan, and by extension your business, seem more professional in the eyes of potential investors, lenders, and partners. It serves as the introduction to your document and provides necessary contact information for stakeholders to reference.

Your cover page should be simple and include:

• Company logo
• Business name
• Value proposition (optional)
• Business plan title
• Completion and/or update date
• Address and contact information
• Confidentiality statement

Just remember, the cover page is optional. If you decide to include it, keep it very simple and only spend a short amount of time putting it together.

Dig Deeper: How to create a business plan cover page

How to use AI to help write your business plan

Generative AI tools such as ChatGPT can speed up the business plan writing process and help you think through concepts like market segmentation and competition. These tools are especially useful for taking ideas that you provide and converting them into polished text for your business plan.

The best way to use AI for your business plan is to leverage it as a collaborator , not a replacement for human creative thinking and ingenuity. 

AI can come up with lots of ideas and act as a brainstorming partner. It’s up to you to filter through those ideas and figure out which ones are realistic enough to resonate with your customers. 

There are pros and cons of using AI to help with your business plan . So, spend some time understanding how it can be most helpful before just outsourcing the job to AI.

Learn more: 10 AI prompts you need to write a business plan

• Writing tips and strategies

To help streamline the business plan writing process, here are a few tips and key questions to answer to make sure you get the most out of your plan and avoid common mistakes .  

Determine why you are writing a business plan

Knowing why you are writing a business plan will determine your approach to your planning project. 

For example: If you are writing a business plan for yourself, or just to use inside your own business , you can probably skip the section about your team and organizational structure. 

If you’re raising money, you’ll want to spend more time explaining why you’re looking to raise the funds and exactly how you will use them.

Regardless of how you intend to use your business plan , think about why you are writing and what you’re trying to get out of the process before you begin.

Keep things concise

Probably the most important tip is to keep your business plan short and simple. There are no prizes for long business plans . The longer your plan is, the less likely people are to read it. 

So focus on trimming things down to the essentials your readers need to know. Skip the extended, wordy descriptions and instead focus on creating a plan that is easy to read —using bullets and short sentences whenever possible.

Have someone review your business plan

Writing a business plan in a vacuum is never a good idea. Sometimes it’s helpful to zoom out and check if your plan makes sense to someone else. You also want to make sure that it’s easy to read and understand.

Don’t wait until your plan is “done” to get a second look. Start sharing your plan early, and find out from readers what questions your plan leaves unanswered. This early review cycle will help you spot shortcomings in your plan and address them quickly, rather than finding out about them right before you present your plan to a lender or investor.

If you need a more detailed review, you may want to explore hiring a professional plan writer to thoroughly examine it.

Use a free business plan template and business plan examples to get started

Knowing what information you need to cover in a business plan sometimes isn’t quite enough. If you’re struggling to get started or need additional guidance, it may be worth using a business plan template. 

If you’re looking for a free downloadable business plan template to get you started, download the template used by more than 1 million businesses. 

Or, if you just want to see what a completed business plan looks like, check out our library of over 550 free business plan examples . 

We even have a growing list of industry business planning guides with tips for what to focus on depending on your business type.

Common pitfalls and how to avoid them

It’s easy to make mistakes when you’re writing your business plan. Some entrepreneurs get sucked into the writing and research process, and don’t focus enough on actually getting their business started. 

Here are a few common mistakes and how to avoid them:

Not talking to your customers : This is one of the most common mistakes. It’s easy to assume that your product or service is something that people want. Before you invest too much in your business and too much in the planning process, make sure you talk to your prospective customers and have a good understanding of their needs.

• Overly optimistic sales and profit forecasts: By nature, entrepreneurs are optimistic about the future. But it’s good to temper that optimism a little when you’re planning, and make sure your forecasts are grounded in reality. 
• Spending too much time planning: Yes, planning is crucial. But you also need to get out and talk to customers, build prototypes of your product and figure out if there’s a market for your idea. Make sure to balance planning with building.
• Not revising the plan: Planning is useful, but nothing ever goes exactly as planned. As you learn more about what’s working and what’s not—revise your plan, your budgets, and your revenue forecast. Doing so will provide a more realistic picture of where your business is going, and what your financial needs will be moving forward.
• Not using the plan to manage your business: A good business plan is a management tool. Don’t just write it and put it on the shelf to collect dust – use it to track your progress and help you reach your goals.
• Presenting your business plan

The planning process forces you to think through every aspect of your business and answer questions that you may not have thought of. That’s the real benefit of writing a business plan – the knowledge you gain about your business that you may not have been able to discover otherwise.

With all of this knowledge, you’re well prepared to convert your business plan into a pitch presentation to present your ideas. 

A pitch presentation is a summary of your plan, just hitting the highlights and key points. It’s the best way to present your business plan to investors and team members.

Dig Deeper: Learn what key slides should be included in your pitch deck

Use your business plan to manage your business

One of the biggest benefits of planning is that it gives you a tool to manage your business better. With a revenue forecast, expense budget, and projected cash flow, you know your targets and where you are headed.

And yet, nothing ever goes exactly as planned – it’s the nature of business.

That’s where using your plan as a management tool comes in. The key to leveraging it for your business is to review it periodically and compare your forecasts and projections to your actual results.

Start by setting up a regular time to review the plan – a monthly review is a good starting point. During this review, answer questions like:

• Did you meet your sales goals?
• Is spending following your budget?
• Has anything gone differently than what you expected?

Now that you see whether you’re meeting your goals or are off track, you can make adjustments and set new targets. 

Maybe you’re exceeding your sales goals and should set new, more aggressive goals. In that case, maybe you should also explore more spending or hiring more employees. 

Or maybe expenses are rising faster than you projected. If that’s the case, you would need to look at where you can cut costs.

A plan, and a method for comparing your plan to your actual results , is the tool you need to steer your business toward success.

Learn More: How to run a regular plan review

Free business plan templates and examples

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How to write a business plan FAQ

What is a business plan?

A document that describes your business , the products and services you sell, and the customers that you sell to. It explains your business strategy, how you’re going to build and grow your business, what your marketing strategy is, and who your competitors are.

What are the benefits of a business plan?

A business plan helps you understand where you want to go with your business and what it will take to get there. It reduces your overall risk, helps you uncover your business’s potential, attracts investors, and identifies areas for growth.

Having a business plan ultimately makes you more confident as a business owner and more likely to succeed for a longer period of time.

What are the 7 steps of a business plan?

The seven steps to writing a business plan include:

• Write a brief executive summary
• Describe your products and services.
• Conduct market research and compile data into a cohesive market analysis.
• Describe your marketing and sales strategy.
• Outline your organizational structure and management team.
• Develop financial projections for sales, revenue, and cash flow.
• Add any additional documents to your appendix.

What are the 5 most common business plan mistakes?

There are plenty of mistakes that can be made when writing a business plan. However, these are the 5 most common that you should do your best to avoid:

• 1. Not taking the planning process seriously.
• Having unrealistic financial projections or incomplete financial information.
• Inconsistent information or simple mistakes.
• Failing to establish a sound business model.
• Not having a defined purpose for your business plan.

What questions should be answered in a business plan?

Writing a business plan is all about asking yourself questions about your business and being able to answer them through the planning process. You’ll likely be asking dozens and dozens of questions for each section of your plan.

However, these are the key questions you should ask and answer with your business plan:

• How will your business make money?
• Is there a need for your product or service?
• Who are your customers?
• How are you different from the competition?
• How will you reach your customers?
• How will you measure success?

How long should a business plan be?

The length of your business plan fully depends on what you intend to do with it. From the SBA and traditional lender point of view, a business plan needs to be whatever length necessary to fully explain your business. This means that you prove the viability of your business, show that you understand the market, and have a detailed strategy in place.

If you intend to use your business plan for internal management purposes, you don’t necessarily need a full 25-50 page business plan. Instead, you can start with a one-page plan to get all of the necessary information in place.

What are the different types of business plans?

While all business plans cover similar categories, the style and function fully depend on how you intend to use your plan. Here are a few common business plan types worth considering.

Traditional business plan: The tried-and-true traditional business plan is a formal document meant to be used when applying for funding or pitching to investors. This type of business plan follows the outline above and can be anywhere from 10-50 pages depending on the amount of detail included, the complexity of your business, and what you include in your appendix.

Business model canvas: The business model canvas is a one-page template designed to demystify the business planning process. It removes the need for a traditional, copy-heavy business plan, in favor of a single-page outline that can help you and outside parties better explore your business idea.

One-page business plan: This format is a simplified version of the traditional plan that focuses on the core aspects of your business. You’ll typically stick with bullet points and single sentences. It’s most useful for those exploring ideas, needing to validate their business model, or who need an internal plan to help them run and manage their business.

Lean Plan: The Lean Plan is less of a specific document type and more of a methodology. It takes the simplicity and styling of the one-page business plan and turns it into a process for you to continuously plan, test, review, refine, and take action based on performance. It’s faster, keeps your plan concise, and ensures that your plan is always up-to-date.

What’s the difference between a business plan and a strategic plan?

A business plan covers the “who” and “what” of your business. It explains what your business is doing right now and how it functions. The strategic plan explores long-term goals and explains “how” the business will get there. It encourages you to look more intently toward the future and how you will achieve your vision.

However, when approached correctly, your business plan can actually function as a strategic plan as well. If kept lean, you can define your business, outline strategic steps, and track ongoing operations all with a single plan.

See why 1.2 million entrepreneurs have written their business plans with LivePlan

Noah is the COO at Palo Alto Software, makers of the online business plan app LivePlan. He started his career at Yahoo! and then helped start the user review site Epinions.com. From there he started a software distribution business in the UK before coming to Palo Alto Software to run the marketing and product teams.

Table of Contents

• Use AI to help write your plan
• Common planning mistakes
• Manage with your business plan
• Templates and examples

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What is a business plan?

1. write an executive summary, 2. describe your company, 3. state your business goals, 4. describe your products and services, 5. do your market research, 6. outline your marketing and sales plan, 7. perform a business financial analysis, 8. make financial projections, 9. summarize how your company operates, 10. add any additional information to an appendix, business plan tips and resources.

A business plan outlines your business’s financial goals and explains how you’ll achieve them over the next three to five years. Here’s a step-by-step guide to writing a business plan that will offer a strong, detailed road map for your business.

ZenBusiness

A business plan is a document that explains what your business does, how it makes money and who its customers are. Internally, writing a business plan should help you clarify your vision and organize your operations. Externally, you can share it with potential lenders and investors to show them you’re on the right track.

Business plans are living documents; it’s OK for them to change over time. Startups may update their business plans often as they figure out who their customers are and what products and services fit them best. Mature companies might only revisit their business plan every few years. Regardless of your business’s age, brush up this document before you apply for a business loan .

» Need help writing? Learn about the best business plan software .

This is your elevator pitch. It should include a mission statement, a brief description of the products or services your business offers and a broad summary of your financial growth plans.

Though the executive summary is the first thing your investors will read, it can be easier to write it last. That way, you can highlight information you’ve identified while writing other sections that go into more detail.

» MORE: How to write an executive summary in 6 steps

Next up is your company description. This should contain basic information like:

Your business’s registered name.

Address of your business location .

Names of key people in the business. Make sure to highlight unique skills or technical expertise among members of your team.

Your company description should also define your business structure — such as a sole proprietorship, partnership or corporation — and include the percent ownership that each owner has and the extent of each owner’s involvement in the company.

Lastly, write a little about the history of your company and the nature of your business now. This prepares the reader to learn about your goals in the next section.

» MORE: How to write a company overview for a business plan

The third part of a business plan is an objective statement. This section spells out what you’d like to accomplish, both in the near term and over the coming years.

If you’re looking for a business loan or outside investment, you can use this section to explain how the financing will help your business grow and how you plan to achieve those growth targets. The key is to provide a clear explanation of the opportunity your business presents to the lender.

For example, if your business is launching a second product line, you might explain how the loan will help your company launch that new product and how much you think sales will increase over the next three years as a result.

» MORE: How to write a successful business plan for a loan

In this section, go into detail about the products or services you offer or plan to offer.

You should include the following:

An explanation of how your product or service works.

The pricing model for your product or service.

The typical customers you serve.

Your supply chain and order fulfillment strategy.

You can also discuss current or pending trademarks and patents associated with your product or service.

Lenders and investors will want to know what sets your product apart from your competition. In your market analysis section , explain who your competitors are. Discuss what they do well, and point out what you can do better. If you’re serving a different or underserved market, explain that.

Here, you can address how you plan to persuade customers to buy your products or services, or how you will develop customer loyalty that will lead to repeat business.

Include details about your sales and distribution strategies, including the costs involved in selling each product .

» MORE: R e a d our complete guide to small business marketing

If you’re a startup, you may not have much information on your business financials yet. However, if you’re an existing business, you’ll want to include income or profit-and-loss statements, a balance sheet that lists your assets and debts, and a cash flow statement that shows how cash comes into and goes out of the company.

Accounting software may be able to generate these reports for you. It may also help you calculate metrics such as:

Net profit margin: the percentage of revenue you keep as net income.

Current ratio: the measurement of your liquidity and ability to repay debts.

Accounts receivable turnover ratio: a measurement of how frequently you collect on receivables per year.

This is a great place to include charts and graphs that make it easy for those reading your plan to understand the financial health of your business.

This is a critical part of your business plan if you’re seeking financing or investors. It outlines how your business will generate enough profit to repay the loan or how you will earn a decent return for investors.

Here, you’ll provide your business’s monthly or quarterly sales, expenses and profit estimates over at least a three-year period — with the future numbers assuming you’ve obtained a new loan.

Accuracy is key, so carefully analyze your past financial statements before giving projections. Your goals may be aggressive, but they should also be realistic.

NerdWallet’s picks for setting up your business finances:

The best business checking accounts .

The best business credit cards .

The best accounting software .

Before the end of your business plan, summarize how your business is structured and outline each team’s responsibilities. This will help your readers understand who performs each of the functions you’ve described above — making and selling your products or services — and how much each of those functions cost.

If any of your employees have exceptional skills, you may want to include their resumes to help explain the competitive advantage they give you.

Finally, attach any supporting information or additional materials that you couldn’t fit in elsewhere. That might include:

Licenses and permits.

Equipment leases.

Bank statements.

Details of your personal and business credit history, if you’re seeking financing.

If the appendix is long, you may want to consider adding a table of contents at the beginning of this section.

How much do you need?

with Fundera by NerdWallet

We’ll start with a brief questionnaire to better understand the unique needs of your business.

Once we uncover your personalized matches, our team will consult you on the process moving forward.

Here are some tips to write a detailed, convincing business plan:

Avoid over-optimism: If you’re applying for a business bank loan or professional investment, someone will be reading your business plan closely. Providing unreasonable sales estimates can hurt your chances of approval.

Proofread: Spelling, punctuation and grammatical errors can jump off the page and turn off lenders and prospective investors. If writing and editing aren't your strong suit, you may want to hire a professional business plan writer, copy editor or proofreader.

Use free resources: SCORE is a nonprofit association that offers a large network of volunteer business mentors and experts who can help you write or edit your business plan. The U.S. Small Business Administration’s Small Business Development Centers , which provide free business consulting and help with business plan development, can also be a resource.

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How to Build a Detailed Business Plan That Stands Out [Free Template]

Updated: March 29, 2022

Published: March 11, 2022

While starting a company may seem easier now than ever before, entrepreneurs have an uphill battle from the moment they start a business. And without a clear, actionable business plan for selling, marketing, finances, and operations, you're almost destined to face significant challenges.

This is why crafting a business plan is an essential step in the entrepreneurial process.

In this post, we'll walk you through the process of filling out your business plan template, like this free, editable version :

Download a free, editable one-page business plan template.

We know that when looking at a blank page on a laptop screen, the idea of writing your business plan can seem impossible. However, it's a mandatory step to take if you want to turn your business dreams into a reality.

That's why we've crafted a business plan template for you to download and use to build your new company. You can download it here for free . It contains prompts for all of the essential parts of a business plan, all of which are elaborated on, below.

This way, you'll be able to show them how organized and well-thought-out your business idea is, and provide them with answers to whatever questions they may have.

Free Business Plan Template

The essential document for starting a business -- custom built for your needs.

• Outline your idea.
• Pitch to investors.
• Secure funding.
• Get to work!

You're all set!

Click this link to access this resource at any time.

Building a Successful Business Plan

In the next section, we'll cover the components of a business plan , such as an executive summary and company description. But before we get to that, let's talk about key elements that should serve as building blocks for your plan.

For some entrepreneurs, the thought of writing a business plan sounds like a chore — a necessary means to an end. But that's a bad take.

A solid business plan is a blueprint for success . It's key to securing financing, presenting your business, outlining your financial projections, and turning that nugget of a business idea into a reality.

At the core, your business plan should answer two questions: why your business and why now?

Investors want to know why your business is entering the market, i.e. what problem it's solving and how it's different from what's currently out there. They also want to know why now is the right time for your type of product or service.

At a minimum, your plan should:

• Be more realistic than idealistic: Too often, business plans focus too much on how things could be instead of how they are. While having a vision is important, your plan needs to be rooted in research and data.
• Legitimize your business idea : If an idea fails on paper, it's a signal to go back to the drawing board. In doing so, you avoid losing precious time or money chasing an unrealistic idea.
• Position your business for funding: To get your business off the ground, chances are you'll need financial backing. Even with a solid business idea, investors, lenders, and banks still need convincing. An effective business plan will outline how much money you need, where it's going, what targets you will hit, and how you plan to repay any debts.
• Lay the foundation: Investors focus on risk – if anything looks shaky, it could be a dealbreaker. Ideally, your business plan will lay down the foundation for how you'll operate your business — from operational needs to financial projections and goals.
• Communicate your needs: It's nearly impossible to communicate your needs if you don't know what they are first. Of course, a business’ needs are always changing — but your plan should give you a well-rounded view of how your business will work in the short and long term.

So back to the question of why and why now – consider three things:

• Your industry – How does your product or service fit within your industry? Are you targeting a specific niche? Where do you see the industry going in the next five to 10 years?
• Your target audience – Who are you targeting? What challenges are they facing? How will your product or service help them in their daily lives?
• Your unique selling proposition (USP) – What sets you apart from your competitors? Is it your product/service features? Your company values? Price?

Once you know the answers to these questions, you'll be equipped to answer the question: why your business and why now.

How to Build a Business Plan

• Executive Summary
• Company and Business Description
• Product and Services Line
• Market Analysis
• Marketing Plan
• Legal Notes
• Financial Considerations

Featured Resource: Free Business Plan Template

1. cover page.

Your business plan should be prefaced with an eye-catching cover page. This means including a high-resolution image of your company logo, followed by your company's name, address, and phone number.

Since this business plan will likely change hands and be seen by multiple investors, you should also provide your own name, role in the business, and email address on the cover page.

At the bottom of this page, you can also add a confidentiality statement to protect against the disclosure of your business details.

The statement can read as follows: " This document contains confidential and proprietary information created by [your company name]. When receiving this document, you agree to keep its content confidential and may only reproduce and/or share it with express written permission of [your company name] ."

Remember to keep your cover page simple and concise — and save the important details for other sections.

Why it matters: First impressions are everything, and a clean cover page is the first step in the right direction.

Example of a Cover Page

2. Executive Summary

The executive summary of your business plan provides a one- to two-page overview of your business and highlights the most crucial pieces of your plan, such as your short-term and long-term goals.

The executive summary is essentially a boiled-down version of your entire business plan, so remember to keep this section to the point and filled only with essential information.

Typically, this brief section includes:

• A mission statement.
• The company's history and leadership model.
• An overview of competitive advantage(s).
• Financial projections.
• Company goals.
• An ask from potential investors.

Why it matters: The executive summary is known as the make-or-break section of a business plan. It influences whether investors turn the page or not — so effectively summarizing your business and the problem it hopes to solve is a must.

Think of the Summary as a written elevator pitch (with more detail). While your business plan provides the nitty-gritty details, your Summary describes — in a compelling but matter-of-fact language — the highlights of your plan. If it's too vague, complicated, or fuzzy, you may need to scrap it and start again.

Example of an Executive Summary Introduction

"The future looks bright for North Side Chicago, particularly the Rock Hill Neighborhood. A number of high-end commercial and residential developments are well on their way, along with two new condo developments in nearby neighborhoods.

While the completion of these developments will increase the population within the neighborhood and stimulate the economy, the area lacks an upscale restaurant where residents and visitors can enjoy fine food and drink. Jay Street Lounge and Restaurant will provide such a place."

3. Company & Business Description

In this section, provide a more thorough description of what your company is and why it exists.

The bulk of the writing in this section should be about your company's purpose – covering what the business will be selling, identifying the target market, and laying out a path to success.

In this portion of your business plan, you can also elaborate on your company's:

• Mission statement
• Core values
• Team and organizational structure

Why it matters: Investors look for great structures and teams in addition to great ideas. This section gives an overview of your businesses' ethos. It's the perfect opportunity to set your business apart from the competition — such as your team's expertise, your unique work culture, and your competitive advantage.

Example of a Values/Mission Statement

"Jay Street Lounge and Restaurant will be the go-to place for people to get a drink or bite in an elegant, upscale atmosphere. The mission is to be North Side's leading restaurant, with the best tasting food and the highest quality service."

3. Product & Services Line

Here's where you'll cover the makeup of your business's product and/or services line. You should provide each product or service's name, its purpose, and a description of how it works (if appropriate). If you own any patents, copyrights, or trademarks, it's essential to include this info too.

Next, add some color to your sales strategy by outlining your pricing model and mark-up amounts.

If you're selling tangible products, you should also explain production and costs, and how you expect these factors to change as you scale.

Why it matters: This section contains the real meat of your business plan. It sets the stage for the problem you hope to solve, your solution, and how your said solution fits in the market.

There's no one-size-fits-all formula for this section. For instance, one plan may delve into its ability to market in a more cost-effective way than the competition, whereas another plan focuses on its key products and their unique features and benefits.

Regardless of your angle, it's critical to convey how your offerings will differ from the competition.

Example of a Product/Service Offering

"The menu at Jay Street Lounge and Restaurant will focus on Moroccan cuisine. The stars of the menu (our specialties) are the Moroccan dishes, such as eggplant zaalouk, seafood bastilla, tagine, and chickpea stew. For those who enjoy American dishes, there will also be a variety of options, from burger sliders and flatbread pizza to grilled steak and salads.

The food at Jay Street will have premium pricing to match its upscale atmosphere. During the summer months, the restaurant will have extra seating on the patio where clients can enjoy a special summer menu. We will be open on all days of the week."

4. Market Analysis

It helps to reference your market research documentation in this section, like a Porter's Five Forces Analysis or a SWOT Analysis ( templates for those are available here ). You can also include them in your appendix.

If your company already has buyer personas, you should include them here as well. If not, you can create them right now using the Make My Persona Tool .

Why it matters: Having an awesome product is, well, awesome — but it isn't enough. Just as important, there must be a market for it.

This section allows you to dig deeper into your market, which segments you want to target, and why. The "why" here is important, since targeting the right segment is critical for the success and growth of your business.

It's easy to get lost (or overwhelmed) in a sea of endless data. For your business plan, narrow your focus by answering the following questions:

• What is my market? In other words, who are my customers?
• What segments of the market do I want to target?
• What's the size of my target market?
• Is my market likely to grow?
• How can I increase my market share over time?

Example of a Market Analysis

"Jay Street Lounge and Restaurant will target locals who live and work within the Rock Hill Neighborhood and the greater North Side Chicago area. We will also target the tourists who flock to the many tourist attractions and colleges on the North Side.

We will specifically focus on young to middle-aged adults with an income of $40,000 to $80,000 who are looking for an upscale experience. The general demographics of our target market are women between 20 to 50 years old.

A unique and varied Moroccan-American menu, along with our unique upscale atmosphere, differentiates us from competitors in the area. Jay Street will also set itself apart through its commitment to high-quality food, service, design, and atmosphere."

5. Marketing Plan

Unlike the market analysis section, your marketing plan section should be an explanation of the tactical approach to reaching your aforementioned target audience. List your advertising channels, organic marketing methods, messaging, budget, and any relevant promotional tactics.

If your company has a fully fleshed-out marketing plan, you can attach it in the appendix of your business plan. If not, download this free marketing plan template to outline your strategy.

Free Marketing Plan Template

Outline your company's marketing strategy in one simple, coherent plan.

• Pre-Sectioned Template
• Completely Customizable
• Example Prompts
• Professionally Designed

Why it matters: Marketing is what puts your product in front of your customers. It's not just advertising — it's an investment in your business.

Throwing money into random marketing channels is a haphazard approach, which is why it's essential to do the legwork to create a solid marketing plan.

Here's some good news — by this point, you should have a solid understanding of your target market. Now, it's time to determine how you'll reach them.

Example of a Marketing Plan Overview

"Our marketing strategy will focus on three main initiatives:

• Social media marketing. We will grow and expand our Facebook and Instagram following through targeted social media ads.
• Website initiatives. Our website will attract potential visitors by offering updated menus and a calendar of events.
• Promotional events. Jay Street will have one special theme night per week to attract new clients."

6. Sales Plan

It doesn't matter if your sales department is an office full of business development representatives (BDR) or a dozen stores with your products on their shelves.

The point is: All sales plans are different, so you should clearly outline yours here. Common talking points include your:

• Sales team structure, and why this structure was chosen.
• Sales channels.
• Sales tools, software, and resources.
• Prospecting strategy.
• Sales goals and budget.

Like with your marketing plan, it might make sense to attach your completed sales plan to the appendix of your business plan. You can download a template for building your sales plan here .

Why it matters: Among other things, investors are interested in the scalability of your business — which is why growth strategies are a critical part of your business plan.

Your sales plan should describe your plan to attract customers, retain them (if applicable), and, ultimately, grow your business. Be sure to outline what you plan to do given your existing resources and what results you expect from your work.

Example of a Sales Plan Overview

"The most important goal is to ensure financial success for Jay Street Lounge and Restaurant. We believe we can achieve this by offering excellent food, entertainment, and service to our clients.

We are not a low-cost dining option in the area. Instead, the food will have premium pricing to match its upscale feel. The strategy is to give Jay Street a perception of elegance through its food, entertainment, and excellent service."

7. Legal Notes

Your investors may want to know the legal structure of your business, as that could directly impact the risk of their investments. For example, if you're looking for business partners to engage in a non-corporation or LLC partnership, this means they could be on the line for more than their actual investment.

Because this clarification is often needed, explain if you are and/or plan to become a sole proprietor, partnership, corporation, LLC, or other.

You should also outline the steps you have taken (or will need to take) to operate legally. This includes licenses, permits, registrations, and insurance.

The last thing your investor wants to hear after they've sent you a big chunk of change is that you're operating without proper approval from the local, state, or federal government.

Why it matters: The last thing your investor wants to hear after they've sent you a big chunk of change is that you're operating without proper approval from the local, state, or federal government.

Example of Legal Notes

"Jay Street Lounge and Restaurant is up-to-date on all restaurant licenses and health permits. Our business name and logo are registered trademarks, presenting the possibility of expanding locally."

8. Financial Considerations

Ultimately, investors want to know two things:

• When they will earn their money back.
• When they will start seeing returns on their initial investment.

That said, be clear, calculated, and convincing in this section. It should cover:

• Startup costs.
• Sales forecasts for the next several months/quarters.
• Break-even analysis for time and dollars.
• Projected profit and loss (P&L) statement.

Facts and figures are key here, so be as specific as possible with each line item and projection. In addition, explain the "why" behind each of these sections.

However, keep in mind that information overload is a risk, especially when it comes to data. So, if you have pages upon pages of charts and spreadsheets for this section, distill them into a page or two and include the rest of the sheets in the appendix. This section should only focus on key data points.

Why it matters: One of the most important aspects of becoming "investor ready" is knowing your numbers. More importantly, you need to understand how those numbers will enhance your business.

While it's easy to write a number down on paper, it's more important to understand (and communicate) why you need capital, where it's going, and that your evaluation makes sense.

Example of Financial Projections

"Based on our knowledge and experience in the restaurant industry, we have come up with projections for the business.

Starting with an expenditure of $400,000 in year 1, we forecast sales of $1,500,000 and $2,800,000 for years two and three. We expect to achieve a net profit of 15% by year three."

9. Appendix

A detailed and well-developed business plan can range anywhere from 20 to 50 pages, with some even reaching upward of 80.

In many cases, the appendix is the longest section. Why? Because it includes the supportive materials mentioned in previous sections. To avoid disrupting the flow of the business plan with visuals, charts, and spreadsheets, business owners usually add them in the last section, i.e. the appendix.

Aside from what we've already mentioned – marketing plan, sales plan, department budgets, financial documents – you may also want to attach the following in the appendix:

• Marketing materials
• Market research data
• Licensing documentation
• Branding assets
• Floor plans for your location
• Mockups of your product
• Renderings of your office space or location design

Adding these pieces to the appendix enriches the reader's understanding of your business and proves you've put the work into your business plan without distracting from the main points throughout the plan.

Why it matters: An appendix helps the reader do their due diligence. It contains everything they need to support your business plan.

Keep in mind, however, that an appendix is typically necessary only if you're seeking financing or looking to attract business partners.

Use a Business Plan Template to Get Started

Writing a business plan shouldn't be an insurmountable roadblock to starting a business. Unfortunately, for all too many, it is.

That's why we recommend using our free business plan template. Pre-filled with detailed section prompts for all of the topics in this blog post, we're confident this template will get your business plan started in the right direction.

Editor's note: This post was originally published in June 2017 and has been updated for comprehensiveness.

Don't forget to share this post!

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How to Write a Business Plan in 2024

Written by Dave Lavinsky

Whether you’re looking to secure $5,000, $50,000, $500,000 or $5 million for your business, you’ll need a business plan. Knowing how to write a business plan that captures the attention of lenders and investors can pay big. While entrepreneurs and startup owners often feel overwhelmed at the thought of writing a business plan, don’t worry, we walk you through what a prospective lender or investor expects in this step-by-step guide. Better yet, it’s based on 20 years of experience helping companies, just like yours, not only create their business plan, but land their ideal funding arrangement and improve their strategies for long-term success. If you read this article and still feel overwhelmed, using a business plan template is likely a good choice.

Download our Ultimate Business Plan Template here

Your business plan highlights your unique value to the market, your strategy for business success and your financial outlook. It communicates that your business is meeting a need for which there is a demand. It conveys that your product or service demand is sustainable and your business is uniquely positioned to capture an increasing share of the market year-over-year. That means consistent business growth and profitability. This is achieved by describing your company, your product or service and your marketing strategy. Within your business plan, you’ll also specify your funding request and provide financial reports including projections.

Writing a Business Plan

The following is an overview of each segment of a business plan and how to confidently craft the document to showcase a business strategy.

You can also download our how to write a business plan pdf to help you get started.

1. Executive Summary

An executive summary is where you impress the reader by highlighting a businesses’ market strengths and qualities. In one-to-two pages, establish a reason for the investor or lender to consider your funding request. Because the executive summary is an overview, you’ll write it last. This way you are consolidating the key messages from throughout the plan in one place.

An effective business plan executive summary defines your mission and lays out your strategy for success. It communicates that you have a firm grasp of the market. It also explains what you expect from the reader. But most of all, it captivates the reader’s attention and persuades them to strongly consider becoming your funding source.

2. Company Analysis

Now it’s time to describe the nuts and bolts of your venture through a company description and analysis. Investors are interested in your company’s mission, history, structure and achievements. They are assessing who you are and what your capabilities are. The mission statement within your business plan summarizes why you are operating and describes the effect your company has on its clients and in society. Mission statements are short and impactful. A mission statement for a new day care center might read: At XYZ Day Care, our mission is to care for children from tot to toddler in a safe, fun and loving environment.

A company history includes some basic information such as your inception date and location. The value of this section of your business plan lies in sharing your origin story. Investors are interested in knowing how you developed the business concept and took it to market. For start-ups, this section may be brief. Established organizations can expand this section to highlight major accomplishments since inception.

Here’s an example of a company history for a restaurant:

You’ll also specify the legal structure of your company in the company analysis. A business can be a sole-proprietorship, a partnership, a corporation, a limited liability firm or a non-profit organization.

3. Industry Analysis

Your company is not operating in a vacuum, and your business plan needs to reflect that through a market analysis business plan . There are socio-economic factors that have implications for your business’ performance in the marketplace. An industry analysis or market analysis sheds light at a local, national or global level of how all firms offering similar products or services are performing. This section identifies historical trends that have shaped the industry and pinpoints recent developments that must be considered when creating your business strategy. Research from credible sources is central to your industry analysis. Review both past and present reports to form the broadest understanding of all external factors.

Some key statistics to include in the market analysis section of your business plan are:

• total market size
• relevant market size
• historical market growth
• future growth estimates

You’ll also want to include your market share estimates. While many sources provide a total market size, it may take some additional work to calculate the relevant market size. That’s because this figure is based upon your niche rather than the entire industry market.

Your relevant market size is an estimate of the annual revenue your business could attain if it realized 100% market share. You calculate it by multiplying the following two figures:

• Estimate the number of people who might be interested in purchasing your products or services each year.
• Estimate the dollar amount these customers might be willing to spend, on an annual basis, on your products or services.

Let’s look at a partial industry analysis example for a startup food truck business:

4. Customer Analysis

An effective customer analysis describes your target market, whether a business or consumer, and their specific needs. For starters, a potential funding source is ascertaining how well you understand the buying behaviors and patterns of your customers. They are also assessing the proximity of your business to the customers and the size of the potential customer pool.

In addition, the customer analysis section of your business plan answers two key questions: what is the problem your customer is experiencing and how are you solving it? Customer problems, or pain points, are myriad. You’ll need to hone in on the vital ones you are resolving with your products and services. For example, customers may be looking to reduce time or costs to complete projects, or they may want to work with an organization that has a good reputation for customer service.

One approach to writing your customer analysis is to develop an ideal client avatar or persona. An avatar is a figure that represents your client. It defines their age (or years in business), behaviors, values, aspirations, needs and concerns.

Here’s a potential client avatar for a nail salon business:

5. Competitive Analysis

As previously mentioned, your business is not operating in a vacuum. There are other firms, competing for your ideal client, offering similar products and services. That’s why you need a competitive analysis business plan . A crucial section for a small business, startup or entrepreneur, the competitive analysis outlays your strengths as compared to other firms. It unequivocally answers the question, “why this business?” for prospective customers and more importantly potential investors or lenders.

The competitive analysis communicates how you will outperform the competition. This is the place for you to highlight your advantages – your strengths and the opportunities you can seize in the marketplace. Keep in mind that your strengths can be related to people, products, services, processes as well as intellectual property.

Competitors can be direct or indirect. A direct competitor offers a similar product or service to satisfy a customer need. An indirect competitor offers a different product, service or approach that may meet the same customer need as your business. For instance, an indirect competitor for a coffee shop could be a gas station, fast food restaurant or a donut shop.

To write your competitive analysis, you may prepare a competitor profile or a matrix. The profile focuses on a single company while the matrix provides a high-level comparison of the revenues, products, services, pricing, strengths and weaknesses for each key competitor.

Here’s an example of a competitor profile for a real estate agent:

6. Marketing Plan

Let’s face it, people need to know that your business exists. People also need to know the benefits of your products and services. A sales and marketing section or marketing plan section is where your marketing and sales plan is showcased within your business plan. A marketing plan lays out your strategy for communicating this information. It convinces investors and lenders that you know how to reach your ideal client and generate sales. In some cases, your marketing plan may be a separate document from your business plan.

The marketing plan has three components: products and services, promotions and distribution. Begin with thoroughly defining your products and services. Spell out the features and benefits. Features are the attributes of your product and service, while benefits communicate the value of your product or service to the customer. Be sure to also include your pricing in this section.

A marketing plan for a coffee shop could list coffee, espresso and tea as its products. The shop may sell additional products such as mugs, coasters, pastries and sandwiches. A beauty salon may have shampoo, dry, trim and curl as its primary services. They may provide complementary services including manicures, pedicures and eyebrow waxing.

Once your products and services are defined. You’ll focus on getting the word out. This is your promotion plan – your strategy for attracting customers. Are you using social media or content marketing? Are you advertising, and if so what are the best advertising channels for your business? Will you have periodic sales and product giveaways? What about referral bonuses? What market segment are you going to target with what promotional activity? In developing your promotional plan within your business plan, make sure you convey which channels are most effective for your ideal client. A strong marketing and promotional can be a source of the important competitive advantages you need.

Promotions are how you communicate. Distribution is how you sell. You need both to succeed in business. So now that you’ve laid out your promotion plan, it’s time to focus on getting your products and services to the client. Three common distribution channels are retail, wholesale and direct. In retail and wholesale distribution, you are selling your product to another entity who then sells to the customer. Your strategy should include how you’ll best fulfill the needs of your select retailers and wholesalers.

With direct distribution, the customer buys from you either online, by telephone or at your physical location. When developing your distribution plan, study the purchasing tendencies of your ideal client. Do they shop in certain geographies? Are they primarily online shoppers? How long will it take for the package to arrive? Armed with this information, you can effectively determine which distribution mode will get you the greatest results.

Consider an example from ABC Planners, an e-commerce business:

7. Operations Plan

Successful businesses have a strong operations foundation. As a result, the operations plan is a key part of the business planning process and business plan.

Defined processes, metrics and milestones are essential to ensure you will effectively manage the business and its associated costs. A thorough operations plan conveys to investors your business results are intentional. It also demonstrates you’ve considered what could go wrong and have preventative and recovery plans intact.

The operations plan can cover a number of functions from human resources and product development to legal. Your business operations are interconnected. Each operation supports how you sell your product or service. Give adequate attention to your production process and quality control. Production describes how you make your product or service. Quality control measures how effectively and efficiently you produce your product or deliver your service. Depending on the size of your business, some of the functions may be outsourced to specialty providers. In this case, you may list your suppliers.

Strategic planning is an internal part of operations. Here’s where you’ll detail your key milestones for the next three years. Milestones can be related to all aspects of your business: financial, products and services as well as operations.

A sample operations plan for a start-up bakery follows:

• Secure building lease by month, year
• Remodel space for modern bakery operations by month, year
• Hire bakery manager and staff by month, year
• Achieve $xx in sales by month, year

8. Management Team

Just as investors want to be assured you have a viable product or service, they are especially interested in who’s running the business. Plans spell out your intentions, and it is the management team business plan that provides a comprehensive roadmap for achieving those intentions. People carry out those plans. The caliber of your team and business partners conveys a great deal about your ability to achieve your business goals. That’s why investors need to know who’s on the team and what expertise they bring to the table.

Here you’ll provide the names and biographies of your management team members and indicate any management gaps. If it applies, you may also highlight your Board of Directors. The background information may contain the individual’s educational achievements, relevant work experience, skills and accomplishments. Sharing personal details helps investors to get to know your management team and provides another layer of transparency. According to the Small Business Administration, some business plans, may also include supplementary organization charts.

At the writing of your business plan, it’s possible to have openings on your management team. In this case, you’ll list the position, define the job responsibilities and specify the hiring requirements for the ideal candidate.

For example, the background for a software company’s president may read:

9. Financial Plan

Remember, an important part of securing funding for your business is conveying it will be financially sound and you can repay the potential funding source in the near future. This is why the financial plan is critical to your business plan. It presents your revenue model, financial projections and funding requirements. You are basically sharing the different ways you will generate income, your plans for financial solvency and your rationale for your funding request.

The revenue model describes how you make money. Some common revenue models are subscriptions, advertising, affiliate marketing, markups, direct sales and commissions.

Financial highlights are essential. Your plan must include a three-to-five-year financial forecast that presents your projected income and expenses while painting a realistic picture of your profitability. It will highlight several reports with the details included in your Appendix. The financial reports include your projected income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement. Established businesses may choose to include historical financial data. Charts and graphs work well for depicting your financial highlights.

Lastly, you will detail your funding request. Specify how much funding you’ll require and how you will use the funding. Some potential uses are to purchase equipment, pay bills and salaries, rent office space or conduct marketing research for product development.

Here’s an example financial plan summary:

10. Appendix

The Appendix is the final section of your business plan . It’s used to provide supporting documentation for materials referenced in any of the previous sections. Additionally, it allows the reader to review detailed financials. Investors expect to see your full financial forecast in the Appendix. These are the projected income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement referenced in your financial plan. Some lenders may request your personal or business credit history as part of the appendix business plan .

Investors also use this section to verify your business idea and business credentials. Consider including some of these items in your Appendix: resumes for the management team, sample marketing materials, lists of key customers, patents and trademarks in the section.

How to Write a Business Plan Video

Summary of How to Write a Business Plan

We’ve just covered 10 essential sections of a complete business plan. By now you should be confident that you understand what you need to build a business plan and what investors look for in a traditional business plan and that you can write one to meet their needs. Just in case you’d like some additional information or examples, check out additional articles and resources on our website below covering topics such as marketing and sales plans, financial health, business plan market research and more.

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What Is a Business Plan?

Understanding business plans, how to write a business plan, common elements of a business plan, how often should a business plan be updated, the bottom line, business plan: what it is, what's included, and how to write one.

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and behavioral finance. Adam received his master's in economics from The New School for Social Research and his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in sociology. He is a CFA charterholder as well as holding FINRA Series 7, 55 & 63 licenses. He currently researches and teaches economic sociology and the social studies of finance at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.

A business plan is a document that details a company's goals and how it intends to achieve them. Business plans can be of benefit to both startups and well-established companies. For startups, a business plan can be essential for winning over potential lenders and investors. Established businesses can find one useful for staying on track and not losing sight of their goals. This article explains what an effective business plan needs to include and how to write one.

Key Takeaways

• A business plan is a document describing a company's business activities and how it plans to achieve its goals.
• Startup companies use business plans to get off the ground and attract outside investors.
• For established companies, a business plan can help keep the executive team focused on and working toward the company's short- and long-term objectives.
• There is no single format that a business plan must follow, but there are certain key elements that most companies will want to include.

Investopedia / Ryan Oakley

Any new business should have a business plan in place prior to beginning operations. In fact, banks and venture capital firms often want to see a business plan before they'll consider making a loan or providing capital to new businesses.

Even if a business isn't looking to raise additional money, a business plan can help it focus on its goals. A 2017 Harvard Business Review article reported that, "Entrepreneurs who write formal plans are 16% more likely to achieve viability than the otherwise identical nonplanning entrepreneurs."

Ideally, a business plan should be reviewed and updated periodically to reflect any goals that have been achieved or that may have changed. An established business that has decided to move in a new direction might create an entirely new business plan for itself.

There are numerous benefits to creating (and sticking to) a well-conceived business plan. These include being able to think through ideas before investing too much money in them and highlighting any potential obstacles to success. A company might also share its business plan with trusted outsiders to get their objective feedback. In addition, a business plan can help keep a company's executive team on the same page about strategic action items and priorities.

Business plans, even among competitors in the same industry, are rarely identical. However, they often have some of the same basic elements, as we describe below.

While it's a good idea to provide as much detail as necessary, it's also important that a business plan be concise enough to hold a reader's attention to the end.

While there are any number of templates that you can use to write a business plan, it's best to try to avoid producing a generic-looking one. Let your plan reflect the unique personality of your business.

Many business plans use some combination of the sections below, with varying levels of detail, depending on the company.

The length of a business plan can vary greatly from business to business. Regardless, it's best to fit the basic information into a 15- to 25-page document. Other crucial elements that take up a lot of space—such as applications for patents—can be referenced in the main document and attached as appendices.

These are some of the most common elements in many business plans:

• Executive summary: This section introduces the company and includes its mission statement along with relevant information about the company's leadership, employees, operations, and locations.
• Products and services: Here, the company should describe the products and services it offers or plans to introduce. That might include details on pricing, product lifespan, and unique benefits to the consumer. Other factors that could go into this section include production and manufacturing processes, any relevant patents the company may have, as well as proprietary technology . Information about research and development (R&D) can also be included here.
• Market analysis: A company needs to have a good handle on the current state of its industry and the existing competition. This section should explain where the company fits in, what types of customers it plans to target, and how easy or difficult it may be to take market share from incumbents.
• Marketing strategy: This section can describe how the company plans to attract and keep customers, including any anticipated advertising and marketing campaigns. It should also describe the distribution channel or channels it will use to get its products or services to consumers.
• Financial plans and projections: Established businesses can include financial statements, balance sheets, and other relevant financial information. New businesses can provide financial targets and estimates for the first few years. Your plan might also include any funding requests you're making.

The best business plans aren't generic ones created from easily accessed templates. A company should aim to entice readers with a plan that demonstrates its uniqueness and potential for success.

2 Types of Business Plans

Business plans can take many forms, but they are sometimes divided into two basic categories: traditional and lean startup. According to the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) , the traditional business plan is the more common of the two.

• Traditional business plans : These plans tend to be much longer than lean startup plans and contain considerably more detail. As a result they require more work on the part of the business, but they can also be more persuasive (and reassuring) to potential investors.
• Lean startup business plans : These use an abbreviated structure that highlights key elements. These business plans are short—as short as one page—and provide only the most basic detail. If a company wants to use this kind of plan, it should be prepared to provide more detail if an investor or a lender requests it.

Why Do Business Plans Fail?

A business plan is not a surefire recipe for success. The plan may have been unrealistic in its assumptions and projections to begin with. Markets and the overall economy might change in ways that couldn't have been foreseen. A competitor might introduce a revolutionary new product or service. All of this calls for building some flexibility into your plan, so you can pivot to a new course if needed.

How frequently a business plan needs to be revised will depend on the nature of the business. A well-established business might want to review its plan once a year and make changes if necessary. A new or fast-growing business in a fiercely competitive market might want to revise it more often, such as quarterly.

What Does a Lean Startup Business Plan Include?

The lean startup business plan is an option when a company prefers to give a quick explanation of its business. For example, a brand-new company may feel that it doesn't have a lot of information to provide yet.

Sections can include: a value proposition ; the company's major activities and advantages; resources such as staff, intellectual property, and capital; a list of partnerships; customer segments; and revenue sources.

A business plan can be useful to companies of all kinds. But as a company grows and the world around it changes, so too should its business plan. So don't think of your business plan as carved in granite but as a living document designed to evolve with your business.

Harvard Business Review. " Research: Writing a Business Plan Makes Your Startup More Likely to Succeed ."

U.S. Small Business Administration. " Write Your Business Plan ."

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The 10 Components of a Business Plan

Whether you’re planning to open a shop that makes the best coffee  or you want to sell eco-friendly office supplies, you’ll need to explain why your business is necessary and how it’ll differ from its competitors. That’s where your business plan comes in. It provides investors, lenders and potential partners with an understanding of your company’s structure and goals. If you want to gain the financial autonomy to run a business or become an entrepreneur, a financial advisor can help align your finances.

1. Executive Summary

Your executive summary should appear first in your business plan. It should summarize what you expect your business to accomplish. Since it’s meant to highlight what you intend to discuss in the rest of the plan, the Small Business Administration suggests that you write this section last.

A good executive summary is compelling. It reveals the company’s mission statement, along with a short description of its products and services. It might also be a good idea to briefly explain why you’re starting your company and include details about your experience in the industry that you’re entering.

2. Company Description

A company description includes key information about your business, goals and the target customers that you want to serve. This is where you explain why your company stands out from other competitors in the industry and break down its strengths, including how it offers solutions for customers, and the competitive advantages that will give your business an edge to succeed.

3. Market Analysis

This is where you show that you have a key understanding of the ins and outs of the industry and the specific market you plan to enter. Here you will substantiate the strengths that you highlighted in your company description with data and statistics that break down industry trends and themes. Show what other businesses are doing and how they are succeeding or failing. Your market analysis should also help visualize your target customers. This includes how much money they make, what their buying habits are, which services they want and need, among other target customer preferences. Above all, the numbers should help answer why your business can do it better.

4. Competitive Analysis

A good business plan will present a clear comparison of your business vs your direct and indirect competitors. This is where you prove your knowledge of the industry by breaking down their strengths and weaknesses. Your end goal is show how your business will stack up. And if there are any issues that could prevent you from jumping into the market, like high upfront costs, this is where you will need to be forthcoming. Your competitive analysis will go in your market analysis section.

5. Description of Management and Organization

Your business must also outline how your organization is set up. Introduce your company managers here and summarize their skills and primary job responsibilities. An effective way could be to create a diagram that maps out your chain of command.

Don’t forget to indicate whether your business will operate as a partnership, a sole proprietorship or a business with a different ownership structure. If you have a board of directors, you’ll need to identify the members.

6. Breakdown of Your Products and Services

While your company description is an overview, a detailed breakdown of your products and services is intended to give a complementary but fuller description about the products that you are creating and selling, how long they could last and how they will meet existing demand.

This is where you should mention your suppliers, as well as other key information about how much it will cost to make your products and how much money you are hoping to bring in. You should also list here all relevant information pertaining to patents and copyright concerns as well.

7. Marketing Plan

This is where you describe how you intend to get your products and services in front of your target customers. Break down here the steps that you will take to promote your products and the budget that you will need to implement your strategies.

8. Sales Strategy

This section should answer how you will sell the products that you are building or carry out the services that you intend to offer. Your sales strategy must be specific. Break down how many sales reps you will need to hire and how you will recruit them and bring them on board. Make sure to include your sales targets as well.

9. Request for Funding

If you need funding, this section focuses on the amount of money that you need to set up your business and how you plan to use the capital that you are raising. You might want to include a timeline here for additional funding that you may require to complete other important projects.

10. Financial Projections

This final section breaks down the financial goals and expectations that you’ve set based on market research. You’ll report your anticipated revenue for the first 12 months and your annual projected earnings for the second, third, fourth and fifth years of business.

If you’re trying to apply for a personal loan or a small business loan, you can always add an appendix or another section that provides additional financial or background information.

Bottom Line

Every company is different so your business plan might look nothing like another entrepreneur’s. But there are key components that every good plan needs to have, and it’s always a good idea to provide a clear and accurate summary of your business goals in your business plan.

Tips for Business Owners

• A financial advisor can help you align your personal finances to give you an edge as a business owner or an entrepreneur.  Finding a financial advisor doesn’t have to be hard. SmartAsset’s free tool  matches you with up to three vetted financial advisors who serve your area, and you can have a free introductory call with your advisor matches to decide which one you feel is right for you. If you’re ready to find an advisor who can help you achieve your financial goals,  get started now .
• If you are thinking of buying real estate, equipment, developing new products and other big-ticket activities for your business, you should consider using a capital asset pricing model  to determine whether an investment is worth your risk.

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What Is A Business Plan And Why It Matters In Business

A business plan is a document that details key operational and financial goals for a business and how they will be achieved in the future. Essentially, a business plan is an exercise in due diligence. While no business plan can accurately predict the future, they do demonstrate and give insight into the likelihood of eventual profitability. This in turn removes some of the entrepreneurial risk associated with investing large amounts of time and capital into a new venture.

Table of Contents

A typical business plan structure

Business plan structure varies considerably across industries, but most incorporate these parts as a part of a 10 to 20-page document.

Business concept

What is the nature of the industry the business intends to operate in?

What is the structure of the business and what are the products or services it will offer? How will it achieve success?

Marketplace analysis

Who is the potential target audience and why are they motivated to buy? Is there an existing demand for the product or service? In this part, it’s crucial to be as detailed as possible.

Develop a target demographic and associated buyer persona through in-depth research.

Competitive analysis

Who are the main competitors and what are their strengths and weaknesses? Is the market saturated or impenetrable?

If the market does have established players, then strategies must be devised to acquire market share.

Financial plan

If financing is required, then a sound financial plan will be key in attracting capital from banks, investors, or venture capitalists.

As best as possible, develop income and cash flow statements, balance sheets, and break-even analyses.

The goal here is to convince interested parties that the business has a realistic chance of success.

Management and legal structure

How will the company be structured and who will lead it? What skills do management bring to the table and how will they contribute to success?

A sound business plan should also define the intended legal structure, whether that be incorporated, partnership, sole proprietor, or LLC.

The four main categories of business plans

Business plans usually fall under one of four main categories:

The mini-plan

Used to quickly test a concept or gauge the interest of a prospective investment partner. Mini-plans are typically short at 1-10 pages in length.

The working plan

Used to describe how a business could operate once established.

The working plan is primarily an internal document; it does not need to look attractive with supporting photography, formatting, and appendices.

The presentation plan

Or a working plan submitted to interested external parties. Industry jargon and slang should be removed in favor of standard business language.

The presentation plan should incorporate all aspects of a typical business plan structure.

Attention to detail is also a must. Figures must be correct and words free of typing errors. The plan should also be professionally bound and printed.

The electronic plan

In the digital age, many organizations find it useful to keep electronic copies of their business plans.

These are useful for savvy investors who want to delve into complex spreadsheets for analysis . They are also ideal for presentations and virtual meetings.

How to build an effective business plan according to Peter Thiel

According to Pether Thiel, former CEO of  PayPal and founder of the software company Palantir, there are seven questions to answer if you want to create a company that will go from Zero to One.

Those questions are critical to building a business that will be able to capture value in the long run. In fact, according to Peter Thiel the value of a business isn’t to go from 1 to  n  but to real value is to go from Zero to One.

In short, build a company that creates new things, rather than building a business based on the existing “best practices,” which according to Peter Thiel, leads to dead ends.

This framework of going from Zero to One can be summarised in seven questions to answer if you want to have a great business plan.

In fact, you don’t need complicated Excel models or reasonings. You only need to address now these seven questions.

Indeed, that is how Peter Thiel puts it in Zero to One:

Whatever your industry, any great business plan must address every one of them.If you don’t have good answers to these questions, you’ll run into lots of “bad luck” and your business will fail. If you nail all seven you’ll master fortune and succeed.

The Engineering Question

Can you create breakthrough technology instead of incremental improvements? 

The Timing Question

Is now the right time to start your particular business? 

The Monopoly Question

Are you starting with a big share of a small market? 

The People Question

Do you have the right team? 

The Distribution Question

Do you have a way to not just create but deliver your product?

The Durability Question

Will your market position be defensible 10 and 20 years into the future? 

The Secret Question

Have you identified a unique opportunity that others don’t see? 

Key takeaways

• A business plan is a comprehensive document that highlights the goals of a business and how it plans to achieve them.
• A business plan is essential for new businesses where due diligence is crucial in attracting external investment or predicting long-term viability. All businesses – regardless of maturity – should use and adhere to such a plan.
• There are four main categories of business plans, with each category suited to a particular stage of the business life cycle.

Key Highlights:

• Business Plan Definition: A business plan is a detailed document outlining a business ’s operational and financial goals, along with strategies for achieving them. It serves as a tool for due diligence, demonstrating the potential profitability of a venture and reducing entrepreneurial risk.
• Business Concept: Describes the industry, business structure, products/services, and success strategies.
• Marketplace Analysis: Identifies the target audience, demand, and buyer persona through detailed research.
• Competitive Analysis: Assesses main competitors, their strengths and weaknesses, and market saturation.
• Financial Plan: Presents income statements, cash flow projections, balance sheets, and break-even analyses.
• Management and Legal Structure: Defines the company’s structure, leadership, and legal status.
• Mini-Plan: Brief, used to test concepts or attract investment partners.
• Working Plan: Describes how a business will operate, primarily for internal use.
• Presentation Plan: Tailored for external parties, incorporates all aspects of a typical plan.
• Electronic Plan: Digital copies useful for analysis , presentations, and virtual meetings.
• Peter Thiel, co-founder of PayPal, outlines seven critical questions to address in a business plan.
• These questions guide businesses to create new value and avoid dead-end practices.
• The seven questions include: Engineering Question, Timing Question, Monopoly Question, People Question, Distribution Question, Durability Question, and Secret Question.
• Addressing these questions enhances a company’s chances of success by creating breakthrough technology, timing the market entry, targeting a niche market, forming the right team, ensuring product delivery, building defensible market positions, and identifying unique opportunities.
• A business plan outlines a business ’s goals and strategies for achieving them.
• It is essential for attracting investment, reducing risk, and guiding business operations.
• The plan’s components include business concept, marketplace analysis , competitive analysis , financial plan, and management structure.
• Business plans can fall into four categories: mini-plan, working plan, presentation plan, and electronic plan.
• Addressing Peter Thiel’s seven questions can enhance a business plan’s effectiveness and increase the chances of long-term success.

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How to Write the Financial Section of a Business Plan

Susan Ward wrote about small businesses for The Balance for 18 years. She has run an IT consulting firm and designed and presented courses on how to promote small businesses.

Taking Stock of Expenses

The income statement, the cash flow projection, the balance sheet.

The financial section of your business plan determines whether or not your business idea is viable and will be the focus of any investors who may be attracted to your business idea. The financial section is composed of four financial statements: the income statement, the cash flow projection, the balance sheet, and the statement of shareholders' equity. It also should include a brief explanation and analysis of these four statements.

Think of your business expenses as two cost categories: your start-up expenses and your operating expenses. All the costs of getting your business up and running should be considered start-up expenses. These may include:

• Business registration fees
• Business licensing and permits
• Starting inventory
• Rent deposits
• Down payments on a property
• Down payments on equipment
• Utility setup fees

Your own list will expand as soon as you start to itemize them.

Operating expenses are the costs of keeping your business running . Think of these as your monthly expenses. Your list of operating expenses may include:

• Salaries (including your own)
• Rent or mortgage payments
• Telecommunication expenses
• Raw materials
• Distribution
• Loan payments
• Office supplies
• Maintenance

Once you have listed all of your operating expenses, the total will reflect the monthly cost of operating your business. Multiply this number by six, and you have a six-month estimate of your operating expenses. Adding this amount to your total startup expenses list, and you have a ballpark figure for your complete start-up costs.

Now you can begin to put together your financial statements for your business plan starting with the income statement.

The income statement shows your revenues, expenses, and profit for a particular period—a snapshot of your business that shows whether or not your business is profitable. Subtract expenses from your revenue to determine your profit or loss.

While established businesses normally produce an income statement each fiscal quarter or once each fiscal year, for the purposes of the business plan, an income statement should be generated monthly for the first year.

Not all of the categories in this income statement will apply to your business. Eliminate those that do not apply, and add categories where necessary to adapt this template to your business.

If you have a product-based business, the revenue section of the income statement will look different. Revenue will be called sales, and you should account for any inventory.

The cash flow projection shows how cash is expected to flow in and out of your business. It is an important tool for cash flow management because it indicates when your expenditures are too high or if you might need a short-term investment to deal with a cash flow surplus. As part of your business plan, the cash flow projection will show how  much capital investment  your business idea needs.

For investors, the cash flow projection shows whether your business is a good credit risk and if there is enough cash on hand to make your business a good candidate for a line of credit, a  short-term loan , or a longer-term investment. You should include cash flow projections for each month over one year in the financial section of your business plan.

Do not confuse the cash flow projection with the cash flow statement. The cash flow statement shows the flow of cash in and out of your business. In other words, it describes the cash flow that has occurred in the past. The cash flow projection shows the cash that is anticipated to be generated or expended over a chosen period in the future.

There are three parts to the cash flow projection:

• Cash revenues: Enter your estimated sales figures for each month. Only enter the sales that are collectible in cash during each month you are detailing.
• Cash disbursements: Take the various expense categories from your ledger and list the cash expenditures you actually expect to pay for each month.
• Reconciliation of cash revenues to cash disbursements: This section shows an opening balance, which is the carryover from the previous month's operations. The current month's revenues are added to this balance, the current month's disbursements are subtracted, and the adjusted cash flow balance is carried over to the next month.

The balance sheet reports your business's net worth at a particular point in time. It summarizes all the financial data about your business in three categories:

• Assets :  Tangible objects of financial value that are owned by the company.
• Liabilities: Debt owed to a creditor of the company.
• Equity: The net difference when the  total liabilities  are subtracted from the total assets.

The relationship between these elements of financial data is expressed with the equation: Assets = Liabilities + Equity .

For your  business plan , you should create a pro forma balance sheet that summarizes the information in the income statement and cash flow projections. A business typically prepares a balance sheet once a year.

Once your balance sheet is complete, write a brief analysis for each of the three financial statements. The analysis should be short with highlights rather than in-depth analysis. The financial statements themselves should be placed in your business plan's appendices.

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The president’s $7.3 trillion budget proposal for the next fiscal year includes about $3 trillion in deficit reduction over a decade, largely from raising taxes on high earners and corporations.

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Biden Plan Would Raise Taxes on Corporations and the Wealthy

The proposals in president biden’s budget plan, including the tax increases, project to reduce deficits by about $3 trillion over a decade..

It’s my goal to cut the federal debt even more by making big corporations and the very wealthy begin to pay their fair share. I’m not anticorporation. I represented the state of Delaware. More corporations incorporated in Delaware than every other state in America combined. Combined. But guess what? But I’m a capitalist, man. Make all the money you want. Just begin to pay your fair share, your taxes. I had a tax code that charged them [billionaires] 25 percent. Not the highest rate — 25 percent. You know how much that would raise over the next 10 years? $400 billion. [$400] billion a year. Imagine what we could do, from cutting the deficit to providing for child care, to providing health care, to continue to provide our military with all they need. So, folks, look, this is not beyond our capacity.

By Jim Tankersley

Jim Tankersley is an economic policy reporter who has covered White House budget releases since the Obama administration.

• March 11, 2024

President Biden proposed a $7.3 trillion budget on Monday packed with tax increases on corporations and high earners, new spending on social programs and a wide range of efforts to combat high consumer costs like housing and college tuition.

The proposal includes only relatively small changes from the budget plan Mr. Biden submitted last year, which went nowhere in Congress, though it reiterates his call for lawmakers to spend about $100 billion to strengthen border security and deliver aid to Israel and Ukraine.

Most of the new spending and tax increases included in the fiscal year 2025 budget again stand almost no chance of becoming law this year, given that Republicans control the House and roundly oppose Mr. Biden’s economic agenda. Last week, House Republicans passed a budget proposal outlining their priorities, which are far afield from what Democrats have called for.

Instead, the document will serve as a draft of Mr. Biden’s policy platform as he seeks re-election in November, along with a series of contrasts intended to draw a distinction with his presumptive Republican opponent, former President Donald J. Trump.

Mr. Biden has sought to reclaim strength on economic issues with voters who have given him low marks amid elevated inflation. This budget aims to portray him as a champion of increased government aid for workers, parents, manufacturers, retirees and students, as well as the fight against climate change.

Speaking in New Hampshire on Monday, Mr. Biden heralded the budget as a way to raise revenue to pay for his priorities by raising taxes on the wealthiest Americans and big corporations.

“I’m not anti-corporation,” he said. “I’m a capitalist, man. Make all the money you want. Just begin to pay your fair share in taxes.”

The budget proposes about $5 trillion in new taxes on corporations and the wealthy over a decade. Administration officials said Monday that those increases would be split equally between corporations and the nation’s highest earners, and that Americans earning less than $400,000 a year would enjoy tax cuts totaling $750 billion under their plans.

“We can do all of our investments by asking those in the top 1 and 2 percent to pay more into the system,” Shalanda Young, the director of the White House budget office, told reporters.

The president has already begun trying to portray Mr. Trump as the opposite: a supporter of further tax cuts for the well-off. “Do you really think the wealthy and big corporations need another $2 trillion tax break?” Mr. Biden asked in New Hampshire, referencing Mr. Trump — but not by name. “Because that’s what he wants to do.”

Speaker Mike Johnson and other members of House Republican leadership criticized Mr. Biden in a statement released Monday afternoon. “The price tag of President Biden’s proposed budget is yet another glaring reminder of this administration’s insatiable appetite for reckless spending and the Democrats’ disregard for fiscal responsibility,” they said.

Polls have found that Americans are dissatisfied with Mr. Biden’s handling of the economy and favor Mr. Trump’s approach to economic issues. But the president has been unwavering in his core economic policy strategy, and the budget shows that he is not deviating from that plan.

Mr. Biden’s budget proposes about $3 trillion in new measures to reduce the federal deficit over the next decade. That is in line with his budget proposal last year , which narrowed deficits by raising taxes on businesses and the rich and by allowing the government to bargain more aggressively with pharmaceutical companies to reduce spending on prescription drugs.

The budget again calls for raising the corporate tax rate to 28 percent from 21 percent, the level Mr. Trump set in the tax bill he signed in late 2017 . It increases a new minimum tax on large corporations and quadruples a tax on stock buybacks, among other efforts to raise more revenue from companies and individuals who make more than $400,000 a year.

Those savings would build on discretionary spending limits that Mr. Biden and congressional Republicans agreed on last year to resolve a standoff over raising the nation’s borrowing limit. They still would leave the nation with historically high budget deficits: about $1.6 trillion a year on average over the next decade, by administration forecasts. As a share of the economy, deficits would decline in that time — but total government debt as a share of the economy would tick upward.

House Republicans released a budget last week that seeks to reduce deficits much faster — balancing the budget by the end of the decade. Their savings relied on economic growth forecasts that are well above mainstream forecasters’ expectations, along with steep and often unspecified spending cuts.

The nonpartisan Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget called the Republican plan “unrealistic in its assumptions and outcomes.” On Monday, the group called Mr. Biden’s proposed deficit reduction “a welcome start, but a too timid one.”

Mr. Biden and his aides have repeatedly said they believed the projected deficits in his budgets would not hurt the economy. Ms. Young and Jared Bernstein, who leads the White House Council of Economic Advisers, repeated that position on Monday, even after acknowledging that the budget now forecasts higher government borrowing costs over the next decade than previous budgets have.

Instead of turning toward more aggressive deficit reduction, as prior Democratic presidents have done after losing control of a chamber of Congress, Mr. Biden has leaned into the need for new spending programs and targeted tax incentives to bolster growth and the middle class.

The new proposal continues that trend. It would create a national program of paid leave for workers. It would reinstate an expanded child tax credit that Mr. Biden created temporarily in his $1.9 trillion economic stimulus law in 2021. That credit helped reduce child poverty significantly over the span of a year before expiring. That reinstatement would last for only a year, but administration officials said Monday that they hope to make it permanent as part of a broader debate on taxes in 2025.

The budget also includes new efforts to help Americans struggling with high costs. That issue has dogged Mr. Biden with voters since inflation soared on his watch to its highest levels in four decades , even as price increases have cooled over the past year. Mr. Biden previewed many of those efforts in his State of the Union speech last week, including new tax credits for certain home buyers and expanded assistance for people to buy health insurance through the Affordable Care Act.

Mr. Biden also called for new efforts to improve the solvency of Social Security and Medicare. In the budget, he opposed benefit cuts for the programs and any additional contributions from workers earning less than $400,000 a year.

On Monday, Ms. Young implied that Mr. Biden would look to shore up Social Security in part by targeting a cap on income subject to the payroll taxes that feed the program — a move he has specifically endorsed for Medicare. She said Mr. Biden would improve its solvency “by asking high-income Americans to pay their fair share. If you make a million dollars in this country, you are done paying your Social Security taxes sometime in February.”

In another key area, Mr. Biden’s proposal punts on key details: what to do about the provisions of the 2017 Republican tax law, including tax cuts for individuals, that expire in 2025. The budget calls that expiration, which was written into the law in order to hold down its estimated cost, “fiscally reckless.” But it does not specify how Mr. Biden would handle the expirations if he wins a second term.

Instead, the budget says Mr. Biden would seek to extend tax breaks for people earning less than $400,000 a year, offset with “additional reforms to ensure that wealthy people and big corporations pay their fair share.”

Jim Tankersley writes about economic policy at the White House and how it affects the country and the world. He has covered the topic for more than a dozen years in Washington, with a focus on the middle class. More about Jim Tankersley

Personal Finance

12 small business ideas in 2024.

Our evaluations and opinions are not influenced by our advertising relationships, but we may earn a commission from our partners’ links. This content is created independently from TIME’s editorial staff. Learn more about it.

Small businesses—those with fewer than 500 employees—aren't really that small when you consider their collective impact on the economy. Some 33.2 million small businesses in the U.S. account for 99.9% of the nation's companies and employ 61.7 million people or 46% of all private sector employees according to recent data from the U.S. Small Business Administration .

A record-breaking 5.4 million new business applications were filed in 2021—an average of almost 15,000 per day—with nearly as many (5.1 million) filed in 2022.

If you're considering joining the ranks of entrepreneurs but aren't sure where to start, here are 12 small business ideas to consider.

12 small business ideas to profit from in 2024

Bookkeeping.

A bookkeeping business might be a good option if you're good with numbers, well-organized, and detail-oriented. As a freelance bookkeeper, you'll record financial transactions, reconcile bank and credit card statements, generate invoices, manage collections, prepare budgets and forecasts, manage payroll, prepare financial statements, gather tax data, and more. Managing someone's finances does come with inherent risks, so consider forming an LLC if you go this route.

Auto detailing

High car prices are compelling people to drive their vehicles longer, bolstering the demand for auto detailing services to keep those cars looking new. According to Grand View Research , the global car detailing market was valued at $37.91 billion in 2022, and it's expected to grow 5.5% annually through 2030. Depending on your business plan, you can offer mobile detailing services or have customers visit you. While you don’t need any formal training, completing a certificate program, such as the ones offered by the International Detailing Association , can help you stand out from the competition.

Cleaning services

A house cleaning business is a good option if you're detail-oriented and have strong time management skills. Depending on the client, you might sweep, vacuum, mop, dust, clean the kitchen and bathrooms, remove garbage and recycling, change the bed linens, tidy the living areas, and clean the windows. Some clients will provide the cleaning supplies, while others expect you to bring your own. You don't need formal training or certifications to clean homes—but being bonded and insured indicates a level of professionalism.

Elderly care

By 2034, older adults are expected to outnumber children for the first time in U.S. history, according to data from the U.S. Census Bureau . The rapidly aging population will create greater demand for in-home caregiving. As an elderly care provider, you'll provide companionship, monitor medications, prepare meals, help with household chores, schedule medical appointments, provide transportation, and assist with basic needs, including eating, bathing, and grooming.

Event planning

Event planners help individuals and companies plan and execute special events like weddings, birthday parties, graduation ceremonies, conferences, and fundraisers. An event planning business can be very rewarding if you're highly organized, meticulous, have strong communication skills, and know how to stick to a budget.

While you won't need any special licensing or credentials, it helps to have a network of vendors and professionals to help you successfully pull off each event. If you prefer not to start your business from scratch, consider using an online marketplace such as Flippa to buy an existing online business, app, or blog.

Freelance copywriting

If you have a knack for creative or technical writing, freelance copywriting could be a rewarding business opportunity. Copywriters create content for websites, newsletters, social media captions, blog posts, graphics, billboards, magazines, brochures, instruction manuals, and more. You'll need a computer and a good internet connection to get started, and a proofreading tool like Grammarly can help you hone your craft.

Handyman services

A handyman (aka odd-jobber, fixer, or contractor) performs various repair and maintenance tasks to keep homes and businesses in good condition. Depending on your skill set, you might concentrate on odd repair jobs, such as installing fixtures and cleaning the gutters, or specialize in a specific area, such as electrical, plumbing, or HVAC systems. Your state may require a general contractor license for larger projects and specific licensing if you perform electrical, plumbing, or HVAC work.

Online tutoring

According to the Education Recovery Scorecard , math, reading, and history scores from the past three years show that students learned much less during the pandemic than average. With so many kids falling behind in school, online tutoring is in high demand—and it's expected to grow. While you don't need any specific certifications, tutors generally have a college degree or relevant real-life experience in the subject area(s) they offer.

Pet care services

If you love animals, there are several pet care business opportunities worth considering. One option is a dog walking business, where you provide companionship and exercise for your customers' furry friends (you can work with one dog or several at a time). Another possibility is a mobile or brick-and-mortar pet grooming business, where you keep dogs looking (and smelling) great. Alternatively, you could offer pet-sitting services to care for animals while their owners are away on business trips or vacations.

Real estate

There are many ways to turn your passion for real estate into a thriving business, whether you want to open a real estate agency, flip houses, work as a property manager, or invest in rental properties. You'll need a state real estate license to act as an agent, broker, or property manager. Otherwise, there are no specific requirements to flip houses or rent out properties you own, though it's wise to study the local laws and regulations to avoid legal trouble.

Rideshare driver

If you have a valid driver's license and own a vehicle, you can work a side hustle or even a full-time gig as an Uber or Lyft driver. As a rideshare driver, you can choose your own hours, drive as much as you want, and earn cash from fares, tips, and promotions. You must meet minimum age requirements and have a clean driving record, proof of vehicle insurance, and an eligible car. DoorDash is an option if you like driving but prefer transporting groceries and restaurant meals instead of people.

Virtual assistant

Many business executives depend on virtual assistants (VAs) to help with administrative tasks like answering phone calls, monitoring email accounts, scheduling appointments, coordinating travel, ordering supplies, and managing social media profiles. Successful virtual assistants are detail-oriented and have excellent verbal and written communication skills, strong organizational and time management skills, and proficiency in a broad range of computer programs.

What to know before starting your small business

Starting a small business requires a lot of planning and paperwork. Some tasks you'll need to tackle include writing a business plan, figuring out financing, choosing a business structure, getting a federal tax ID, applying for licenses and permits, opening business bank accounts , getting a business credit card , and choosing the right business software.

According to the SBA, about 38% of small businesses use specialized software in their business operations. Here are some options for managing your company's finances, taxes, and legal responsibilities.

Financial tools

A big part of running a small business is managing the finances. Platforms like Lili offer tools to streamline your business operations so you can easily handle banking, accounting, invoicing, payments, tax preparation, and more. Lili also supports joint banking access—a big plus if your business has multiple owners.

The most common small business taxes include income, self-employment, employment, and excise taxes (only imposed on certain goods, services, and activities). Several online tax software providers like TurboTax and TaxSlayer Self-Employed make filing accurate tax returns that comply with the most up-to-date tax laws easier. Once you start turning a profit, wealth management apps such as Playbook can optimize your investments and income taxes and help you set goals to build wealth.

You'll have to file paperwork to establish and operate your company. Platforms like LegalZoom eliminate the guesswork and make it easy to register, manage, and protect your business. With LegalZoom's tools, you can form your business with the proper structure, stay compliant, protect your intellectual property (IP) with trademark and copyright services, and get professional help when needed.

TIME Stamped: When starting a business, recognize your strengths and weaknesses

While anyone can make a few extra bucks with money-making apps such as Survey Junkie or Swagbucks, starting a small business is a more significant and rewarding endeavor. When choosing a path, you need to consider your strengths and weaknesses so you know where to focus your attention.

Small business owners wear a lot of different hats, but you might need help in certain areas. Recognize what you do well—and what you don't—and turn to family members, business partners, independent contractors, and employees when you need help.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

What is the best business checking account.

Whether you're a solopreneur or manage a small business with employees, keeping your personal and business finances separate is essential. A business checking account lets you make deposits and withdrawals, write checks, process electronic payments, and use a debit card to make purchases—all for your business. The best business checking accounts have low fees, workable minimum balance requirements, excellent customer service, and convenient access to your cash.

How can I start a business with 10K?

If you have a $10,000 budget to start a business, focus on ideas with low startup costs that you can scale into something bigger. For example, you can launch a cleaning services business for just a few hundred dollars. Eventually, you can put more cash into marketing, build your client base, and hire staff to meet customer demand. If you don't have the money to start or grow your business, consider a small business loan , crowdfunding, or venture capital funding.

How can I make a website for my business?

A polished website conveys professionalism and engages potential customers. You can hire an expert to make a website for you or take the DIY approach and save some money. You must pick and register a domain name and then choose your design and hosting providers. Website builders like Squarespace offer hundreds of low-cost templates you can customize with your content and link to your social media profiles.

How do you write a business plan?

A business plan guides you through each phase of starting and managing your business. There's no right or wrong way to write a business plan, but it should include details about your business goals, the products or services you'll offer, a marketing and sales plan, and financial projections. The SBA outlines two main types of business plans (traditional and lean startup), which can be helpful if you’re starting out.

The information presented here is created independently from the TIME editorial staff. To learn more, see our About page.

I thought having my own office meant I'd 'arrived,' but it was depressing. Here's why open-plan office layouts are best.

• Jennifer Moore has worked in financial services, tech, and SaaS for 20 years. 
• During that time, she's worked in cubicles, open plan offices, and has had her own office spaces.
• The open plan concept is her winner due to the natural light and varying spaces for work. 

This as-told-to essay is based on a transcribed conversation with Jennifer Moore, 43, from Salt Lake City, about her experience working in different office spaces. The following has been edited for length and clarity.

I was a summer intern with a small desk in a hallway when my career began in 2003.

There was another intern who had her own cubicle with high walls that kind of looked like a mini office. I really loved my makeshift workspace, but I'll be honest — I was jealous. It was like I was an afterthought.

I've spent 10 years in financial services , where I worked in everything from high-walled cubicles to open office floor plans to eventually having my very own office. I also spent 10 years in B2B tech and software-as-a-service companies , where there's nothing but open office plans.

Cubicles are good for deep work and privacy, but they can be isolating

I've found that the true cube farm — with four high walls and a doorway — can be really helpful for deep work and conducting short one-on-ones.

I think privacy is another pro. In 2006, when I was working at Wells Fargo , I received an email telling me someone I was very close to in high school had died. I remember having a very loud reaction. My co-workers heard me but didn't necessarily see me burst into tears. It was a blessing to have a bit more privacy at that moment.

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The cons of cubicles is that they were somewhat isolating. There was no sunlight. The executives and leaders all got these fantastic offices that had windows, so you could tell immediately who the head honchos were.

Having my own office was depressing and soul-crushing

Having your own office is associated with prestige and privacy, but my first experience of this was horrible.

In 2015, I thought I had arrived. I had officially made it into product management at a financial services company and was given my very own office with a door. I had a furniture budget and everything, but I was absolutely miserable.

There was no natural light, only dim fluorescent lights, so I'd try to get out in the sunlight every day. There wasn't any foot traffic passing by my area because it was in a weird corner. It was isolating — I could go an entire day and not see or talk to a soul if I wanted to.

It was really depressing and soul-crushing.

One thing I would say is, at the time, I was doing some physical therapy, and it was really nice to be able to shut the door and close the shade on my tiny window so I could do stretches in complete privacy.

I learned that the overall workplace environment is more important to me than whether I had achieved having my own office.

You can say you believe in teamwork and collaboration but if you haven't designed an office space that encourages this, people are going to struggle to embrace it daily.

I think open-office plans are the clear winner, as they allow for different types of work

After I left my previous company in December 2023, I decided to focus full-time on my own consulting business.

I work in a coworking space for a company I consult for. It has an open floor plan with several conference rooms, telephone booths, and seating areas.

I think open office plans are the clear winner in a modern workplace, but their weaknesses should be augmented by using aspects of cubicle design that allow for areas of privacy and for different types of work.

Managers still need privacy. In a place where I worked recently, an executive would regularly conduct all their one-on-ones in the open seating area, and several people commented how awkward it was to hear highly personal information being discussed on a daily basis.

In open-floor plans, you can find spaces for deep work, collaboration, and large and small meetings. They can have soundproof booths in a hallway for privacy. Cubicles take up so much real estate, making it hard to create these options.

Another pro of open floor plans is natural light. I've noticed that in newer buildings, everyone has access to sunlight, rather than just the senior and executive leaders in their offices.

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MULTICULTURAL SMALL BUSINESS LABS

Niagara University, NY

Our next Multicultural Small Business Lab is being held in Niagara University. The lab will run May 21-June 18, 2024 on Tuesday evenings. Registration is March 18-April 15, 2024. Don’t miss out! Space is limited to 35 qualifying participants. Applications are first come, first serve.

Program Highlights

The M&T Bank Multicultural Small Business Lab is an intensive, weeks-long program designed to develop racially and ethnically diverse owners of businesses. The Lab promotes business and financial inclusion through empowerment, providing owners with access to information, tools, resources, and connections they need to grow and thrive. Participants are presented with opportunities to increase their visibility, accelerate their business, and achieve success.

Creating a Business Plan

Learn what it takes to create an effective business plan through discussion on setting goals, knowing your industry, what finances you have in place, and much more!

All About Credit

Curious about credit and how it can affect your business? We will cover the importance of credit, accessing capital, and how to package your credit application.

Marketing & Branding

Learn how to make your business stand-out among the competition through an in-depth discussion on branding and marketing so you can be prepared to get the word out on your diverse business

You have everything that you need to scale and grow your business, but your business needs funding. As part of the series, we will provide you tips and tricks when presenting to potential investors. Learn how to present with ease and how to make your business plan shine.

Lab Overview

This program celebrates and empowers locally owned small businesses through education and a spirited competition. For this edition, we are partnering with Niagara University where the 5-week program will be held on campus.

Niagara University Academic Complex Room 350 5795 Vincentian Drive Niagara University, NY 14109

Program Eligibility

Open to existing Multicultural small business owners in accordance with local demographics.

• Have been in business from 6 months to 36 months
• Annual business revenue of $350,000 or less
• Registration: March 18-April 15, 2024
• Applications will be decisioned on or around May 1-5, 2024
• In-person attendance required
• Beginning: May 21, 2024
• Ending: June 18, 2024
• Business Planning 
• Credit Fundamentals 
• Marketing & Branding 
• Networking & Community Resources 

Pitch Competition

• First Round: video proposal
• Second Round: live pitch competition
• 1st place - $5,000
• 2nd place - $3,000
• 3rd place - $2,000

You must be a resident of the city where the lab is being held. Please refer to the specific location terms and conditions.

Yes, the principal owner needs to be a permanent legal resident of Niagara County, NY.  See Terms and Conditions.

We are open to different kinds of multicultural – racially & ethnically diverse small owned businesses. To qualify, the principal owner must be 18 years or older, a permanent legal resident of Niagara County, NY, be in business from 6 months to 36 months, and have an annual business revenue of $350,000 or less. See Terms and Conditions .

To register, please review the terms and conditions. If eligible, you can enter here.

About M&T Multicultural Banking

At M&T, we understand that the needs and desires that our Multicultural communities have are distinctive. We are committed to meeting those unique needs, whether you are Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, Asian American, an immigrant, refugee, LGBTQ+, a person with different abilities, or a combination. Here at M&T, we celebrate you and empower you with the financial tools and resources you need to thrive. We are investing in the growth and sustainability of our diverse small business and communities.

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General Electric's Final Act, March Payrolls, Stock Market Highlights: Investing Action Plan

T he stock market wrapped up the first quarter with the Dow ahead 5.6% for the quarter and the Nasdaq up 9.1%. The S&P 500 rallied 10.2% in its best first-quarter performance since 2019. For the Nasdaq, it was not near last year's 16.8% Q1 rally. The Dow's  advance narrowly topped its 3.8% first quarter gain from last year. Howard Silverblatt, analyst with S&P Global, reports that the S&P 500 set record closing highs on 22 of this year's 61 trading days through Thursday.

Please watch the video at Investors.com - Should I Invest My Tax Refund?

General Electric shares ran up nearly 38% in the first quarter ahead of its long-awaited final act as a diversified company on Tuesday. March payrolls and other jobs data during the coming week will be closely watched by all concerned with the Fed's interest rate strategy. And a handful of fast-moving names report, including PVH and Kura Sushi, as the fourth-quarter earnings season ebbs toward its finish.

5 Leaders Near Buy Points To Watch In Stock Market

With tech leaders pausing, a number of other stocks are stepping up, including On Holding, Medpace, Uber Technologies, M/I Homes and Axon Enterprise. On Holding is taunting a cup-with-handle buy point following some wild post-earnings swings. M/I Homes flashed some early buy signals and is climbing toward a traditional cup-base entry. Medpace, Uber and Axon are consolidating tightly following strong earnings moves. Medpace is holding tight to its 21-day exponential moving average. Uber dipped below its 21-day to bounce off its 50-day moving average. Axon is trading above its 21-day level, with no clear pattern emerging.

Stock Market Econ: Job Strength Vs. Rate Cuts

As long as the labor market appears solid, the Federal Reserve will need to see clearer progress on inflation before cutting rates, and the stock market receives a hefty serving of jobs data in the coming week. The monthly employment report, out Friday, is expected to show that employers added 180,000 payroll positions in March, including 157,500 in the private sector, according to FactSet's consensus estimate.

The jobless rate is seen dipping to 3.8%, while 12-month wage growth is expected to ease to 4.1% from 4.3%. The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey for February is out Tuesday. Wall Street sees job openings slipping to 8.7 million from 8.86 million. The ADP employment report is out Wednesday. The estimate of private hiring from the payroll processing giant is expected to show 150,000 new jobs.

Key Fed Inflation Data Keeps June Rate Cut In Play; Powell Is OK With Dissent

GE Final Transformation Set

General Electric will split in two on Tuesday. GE Aerospace will keep the GE stock ticker on the stock market. GE Vernova, a gas power and wind energy business, actually went public on Thursday as GEV. It is trading on a when-issued basis and therefore probably not active until Tuesday. GE will remain on the S&P 500 index, while GE Vernova will join it. The first portion of the division, GE HealthCare Technologies, debuted in January 2023. In the past year, GE stock has soared almost 89%. It's a remarkable turnaround for a stock that collapsed in 2017-18 amid fears of a possible bankruptcy. The company then underwent an extensive reorganization under the leadership of CEO Larry Culp, who took the reins in October 2018. GEHC stock has risen 18% in the past 12 months, vs. a 32% gain for the S&P 500 index.

GE Stock Flies Near High Amid Countdown To GE Aerospace — Is It A Buy?

Late Earnings-Season Hot Tickets Report

As the stock market's first quarter ends, the December-January quarter's earnings season slows to a crawl. But there remain a few important names to watch in the coming week. Apparel brands PVH and Levi Strauss have shown strong stock action this year. Payroll servicer Paychex is sticking close to support in a three-month base. And Kura Sushi is rebounding, up 54% this year.

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