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Dr. S. Balasundari,M.F.Sc., Ph.D

1. Experience:Total - 26 years a. Faculty at SAU (TANUVAS & TNJFU) - 23 years b. Agricultural Research Scientist (ICAR) - 1 year c. Industry(Seafood Processing and Export)- 2 years

2. Mandate wise achievements: a. Teaching: • Courses handled: UG-15& PG- 8 • Teaching and practical manuals published–9; Text Books published –4; Academic hand book published - 2 b. Research: • Externally funded research projects operated - 4 • Research papers published– 19;Tamil research articles published - 21 • Abstracts published and presented in conference/Seminar - 59 • Technologies developed– 7; Technologies commercialised - 2 • Labs established – 3; Processing equipment designed - 2 • Seminar/Conference/Workshops/Training programmes attended -66 • Students Guided: PG – 2 (2); Ph.D (member) – 2 (2) c. Extension: • Externally funded extension projects operated - 4 • Established 8 demonstration units, Fish Processing Incubation Center, FishTechno Park, Kayalagam (retail outlet for fish products) • Radio programmes given – 47; Television programmes given - 3 • Training manuals published – 24; Popular articles/Pamphlets published - 47 • Fish Products developed(Brand:Pulicat Omega with FSSAI certification)- 22 • Fish based Pet Products Developed - 3 • MoU Signed with Entrepreneurs - 7 • Training programmes conducted to stakeholders-298 • Faculty for in-service training (one year & 6 months) to officials of Dept.of Fisheries - 5 batches

3. Awards Received: Total - 15 • National level – 3; State level - 2 • Conferred by University– 4; Conferred by Scientific Societies- 8

Dr.K.Riji John

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Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management

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Ingestion of microplastics in commercially important species along Thoothukudi coast, south east India

Affiliations.

• 1 Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected].
• 2 Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Dr. M.G.R Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thalainayeru, India. [email protected].
• 3 Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
• 4 Dean, Dr. M.G.R Fisheries College and Research Institute, Ponneri, Tamil Nadu, India.
• 5 Erode Bhavanisagar Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India.
• 6 Department of Aquatic Environment Management, College of Fisheries, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India.
• 7 Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
• 8 Department of Fisheries Biology and Resource Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
• 9 Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
• PMID: 36964882
• DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11049-4

Microplastics pollute the marine environment and pose a greater risk to marine organisms. The microplastics were observed in the guts of the 12 species, which varied from 0.00 to 1.80 ± 1.19 particles /individual. Most of the microplastics were fibre shaped, 0.5-1 mm sized, blue-coloured, and polyethylene polymers. The abundance of the microplastics was higher for benthic species (0.66 ± 0.13 particles/ individual) than the pelagic species (0.53 ± 0.11 particles/individual), with no significant difference (p > 0.05). According to their feeding habits and trophic level, significantly the microplastics were abundant in the herbivores (1.23 ± 0.61 particles/individual) and quaternary consumers (0.76 ± 0.16 particles/individual), respectively. The present study suggests that microplastic ingestion in commercially important species was influenced by their feeding habits irrespective of their habitat and length and weight. In addition to this, biomagnification of the microplastics (Trophic Magnification Factor, TMF = 1.02) was also observed in the commercially important species with increasing trophic level. This further indicates that the trophic level can serve as the pathway for the transfer of microplastics from lower trophic level organisms to higher trophic level organisms. The present study concludes that the occurrence of biomagnification of microplastics and the pollutants absorbed by them might harm the commercially important species from the Thoothukudi region.

Keywords: Biomagnification; Feeding habit; Habitat; Microplastics; Thoothukudi; Trophic level.

© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Stavropol krai in 2011

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• Published: 01 February 2015
• Volume 29 , pages 186–189, ( 2014 )

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• L. N. Yashina 1 ,
• B. S. Malyshev 1 ,
• N. A. Netesova 1 ,
• A. S. Volynkina 2 &
• N. F. Vasilenko 2  

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A genetic analysis of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus circulating in Stavropol krai in 2011 was performed. A total of 14 RNA isolates from patients suffering from Crimean hemorrhagic fever were genetically typed. Genetic analysis of the CCHF virus strains based on M-segment sequences (positions 2607–2932) supports the notion that the genotype Europe 1 is circulating in Stavropol krai of Russia. In addition to the previously known lineage STV-ROS, the second lineage VLG/ROS was observed in Stavropol krai.

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State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk oblast, 630559, Russia

L. N. Yashina, B. S. Malyshev & N. A. Netesova

Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute, ul. Sovetskaya 13-15, Stavropol, 355035, Russia

A. S. Volynkina & N. F. Vasilenko

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Original Russian Text © L.N. Yashina, B.S. Malyshev, N.A. Netesova, A.S. Volynkina, N.F. Vasilenko, 2014, published in Molekulyarnaya Genetika, Mikrobiologiya i Virusologiya, 2014, No. 4, pp. 25–28.

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Yashina, L.N., Malyshev, B.S., Netesova, N.A. et al. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Stavropol krai in 2011. Mol. Genet. Microbiol. Virol. 29 , 186–189 (2014). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0891416814040132

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.3103/S0891416814040132

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Stavropol Krai, Russia

The capital city of Stavropol krai: Stavropol .

Stavropol Krai - Overview

Stavropol Krai is a federal subject of Russia located in the central part of Ciscaucasia and on the northern slope of the Greater Caucasus in the North-Caucasian Federal District. Stavropol is the capital city of the region.

The population of Stavropol Krai is about 2,780,200 (2022), the area - 66,160 sq. km.

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Stavropol krai coat of arms.

Stavropol krai map, Russia

Stavropol krai latest news and posts from our blog:.

12 January, 2020 / Wooden Church of the Nativity of Mary in Rozhdestvenskaya .

2 December, 2019 / Tsvetnik - the Oldest Park in Pyatigorsk .

16 June, 2019 / Abandoned Uranium Mine in the Stavropol Region .

6 May, 2019 / Cathedral of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in Stavropol .

30 September, 2011 / Beautiful nature of Stavropol krai .

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11 January, 2021   / The Kochubeevskaya wind farm with an installed capacity of 210 MW, the largest in Russia, has been commissioned in Stavropol Krai. With a total area of about 200 hectares, it includes 84 wind turbines, each 150 meters high, the length of the blades - 50 meters.

History of Stavropol Krai

The most ancient archaeological finds date back to the 4th millennium BC. The territory of the present Stavropol region was successively part of the state of the Scythians (the 7th - 5th centuries BC), Sarmatians (the 3rd century BC - the 3rd century AD), Huns (the 4th - 5th centuries AD).

Later, from 620 to 969, this territory was part of the ancient state called the Khazar Khaganate. Approximately in the 8th century, with the weakening of the Khazar Kaganate, the medieval state of the Alans appeared here. In 1238-1239, a significant part of the plain Alania was captured by the Mongols, and this state as a political entity ceased to exist.

In 1556, the Russian troops took Astrakhan and opened the way to the North Caucasus and the Caspian Sea. In Ciscaucasia, the interests of Russia, the Ottoman Empire, the Crimean Khanate, and Iran collided.

In 1777, according to the decree of Catherine II, the Azov-Mozdok defensive line was founded, which gave rise to colonization of the Ciscaucasia and the North Caucasus. The territory of the Stavropol region became part of Astrakhan oblast. In November 1777, the fortress called Stavropolskaya was founded. In 1782, about 500 retired soldiers lived there.

More historical facts…

In 1785, in connection with the development of Ciscaucasia, the Caucasian guberniya (province) was created that included the Caucasian and Astrakhan regions. Since that time, Stavropol officially became one of the six county-level towns of the Caucasus region.

With the development of the Ciscaucasia, Stavropol was gaining an increasing importance as an important trade and transit center. It became a kind of the main gate of the Caucasus. In 1822, the Caucasian province was transformed into an oblast and Stavropol became its center. After the defeat of the Decembrist uprising, a lot of its participants were sent here. In 1837 - 1841, Mikhail Lermontov, exiled to the Caucasus, visited Stavropol several times.

In 1847, the Caucasian oblast was reformed into Stavropol gubernia. With the formation of the Kuban and Terek Cossack regions and the end of the Caucasian War, the military-political and economic importance of Stavropol significantly reduced.

In 1919, the Stavropol province was occupied by the Bolsheviks and included in the territory of the North Caucasian Soviet Republic. As a result of the Second Kuban campaign the region went under the control of the Volunteer Army.

In October 1924, the North Caucasian region was formed and Stavropol gubernia was reformed into a district within the region. On January 10, 1934, the North Caucasian Krai was divided into the Azovo-Chernomorsky and North Caucasian. The town of Pyatigorsk became the center of North Caucasian Krai. In March 1936, North Caucasian Krai was reformed and, on its territory, Ordzhonikidze Krai with the center in Ordzhonikidze (Stavropol) was formed.

During the Second World War, from August 1942 to January 1943, the region was occupied by the German troops. In 1943, Ordzhonikidze Krai was renamed Stavropol Krai. In December 1956, the first part of the Stavropol-Moscow gas pipeline with a length of 1,300 km was commissioned (at that time, it was the longest gas pipeline in Europe).

During the 1970s-1980s, 56 new enterprises were opened in the region, among them the Prikumsky Plastics Plant - the largest chemical plant in the region, four power units at the Stavropol power station, and new capacities at the Nevinnomyssk enterprise “Azot”.

On July 3, 1991, Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Region withdrew from Stavropol Krai and became the Karachay-Cherkess Soviet Socialist Republic. On April 21, 1992, it became the Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia of the Russian Federation.

Steppe landscapes of Stavropol Krai

Stavropol Krai landscape

Author: Valeriy Kharchenko

In the fields of the Stavropol region

Author: Dvornikov Mikhail

Stavropol Krai nature

Author: Zhukova Elena

Stavropol Krai - Features

Stavropol Krai stretches for 285 km from north to south and 370 km from west to east. The climate is temperate continental. The average temperature in January is minus 5 degrees Celsius (in mountains - down to -10), in July - plus 22-25 degrees Celsius (in mountains - +14).

The main natural resources are natural gas, oil, polymetals containing uranium, building materials. Mineral medicinal waters are a special riches of the region.

The Caucasian Mineral Waters is Russia’s largest resort region, which has no analogues in the whole of Eurasia for the richness and diversity of mineral waters and therapeutic mud. The healing properties of “narzan”, one of the popular local mineral waters, are known throughout Russia. The name can be translated into Russian as “Hercules’ beverage”, “Water of Hercules”.

The largest cities and towns are Stavropol (458,200), Pyatigorsk (145,500), Kislovodsk (127,300), Nevinnomyssk (114,400), Yessentuki (117,200), Mikhailovsk (94,500), Mineralnye Vody (72,400), Georgievsk (64,400), Budennovsk (59,600).

Stavropol Krai - Economy

The main industries of Stavropol Krai are engineering, production and processing of oil and natural gas, electric power industry, food (winemaking, butter, sugar), chemical (mineral fertilizers in Nevinnomyssk), building materials (glass in Mineralnye Vody), light (wool in Nevinnomyssk, leather in Budennovsk).

Agriculture specializes in growing grain and sunflower, the leading role in livestock breeding belongs to cattle breeding, fine-wool sheep breeding. Horticulture, viticulture, poultry farming, pig breeding, beekeeping are widespread. Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the local economy, which employs more than 156 thousand people.

The main highway M29 “Caucasus” passes through Nevinnomyssk, Mineralnye Vody and Pyatigorsk. There are international airports in Stavropol (Shpakovskoye) and Mineralnye Vody. This region has a very dense and extensive network of pipelines.

Attractions of Stavropol Krai

A large number of various interesting places are concentrated on the territory of the Stavropol region. Here are just a few of the most famous sights:

• Proval - a lake and a natural cave on the southern slope of Mount Mashuk in Pyatigorsk. The cave is a cone-shaped funnel with a height of 41 m, at the bottom of which there is a karst lake of mineral water of pure blue color;
• Monument to Lermontov in Pyatigorsk at the place where the poet was fatally wounded during the duel;
• Lake Tambukan (Black Lake), located near Pyatigorsk, is known for its unique healing mud;
• Therapeutic park, mineral springs, Balneary mud baths named after Semashko in the resort city of Yessentuki;
• Resort park in Kislovodsk is very popular with tourists. The territory of the park is huge. Here you can find a drinking gallery, ponds, grottoes, and the famous valley of roses. Plants growing in the park make the air unusually clean and healthy;
• Koltso (Ring) Mount near Kislovodsk. Under the influence of natural factors, a ring with a diameter of 8 meters was formed in the center of the rock;
• Pushkin Gallery (1901), the Emir of Bukhara Palace, the Cave of Permafrost, Zheleznaya Mount in the resort town of Zheleznovodsk.

Stavropol krai of Russia photos

Stavropol Krai scenery

Paved road in Stavropol Krai

Author: A.Kostin

Winter in Stavropol Krai

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Small river in the Stavropol region

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Pictures of Stavropol Krai

Beautiful nature of Stavropol Krai

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Cathedral in Stavropol Krai

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