How to Write a Successful Literature ReviewOne type of a proposal focus is a literature review/trend analysis . This type of a proposal is somewhat different from the other proposal foci. A sample literature/trend analysis is posted at the bottom of this guide. A literature review surveys scholarly articles, books and other sources (e.g. dissertations, conference proceedings) relevant to a particular issue, area of research or theory, and provides a description, summary, and critical evaluation of these works.The goal of this form of a proposal is to provide an overview of the significant trends in the literature that is published on this topic. The topics and references you include in your proposal should be purposeful and represent the key authors and arguments in that particular area of study. This necessitates that the review be consistently up to date and include the newest findings/discussions in that particular area of study or debate. Definition and use/purposeIn a literature review you may highlight a critical area of a thesis, or it may be a focused, selected review of writings on a subject with the following purposes. Each work should: - Relate to the context of its contribution to the understanding of the subject under review
- Describe / compare each work in relationship to the others in your proposal
- Identify new ways to interpret, and shed light on any gaps in, previous research
- Resolve conflicts among what is deemed as contradictory previous studies
- Identify areas of prior scholarship to prevent duplication of effort
- Illustrate how this work can be a starting point for further research
- Highlight the relevancy of the work in the context of existing literature
The literature review itself, however, does not present new primary scholarship. What to include- An overview of the subject, issue or theory under consideration, along with the objectives of the literature review
- Division of works under review into categories (e.g. those supporting a particular position, those who have the opposite view, and those who give alternative theses entirely)
- An explanation of how each work is similar to and how it varies from the others
- A conclusion . Determine which aspects are key in the debates on the topic, are most convincing, and make the greatest contribution to the understanding and development of this particular research area.
Evaluating the data- Authority — What are the author's credentials? Is there evidence to support the author's arguments (e.g., primary historical material, case studies, narratives, statistics, recent scientific findings)?
- Objectivity — Does the author have a bias in the writing, or is the perspective even-handed? Does the author consider contrasting or opposing data or does he or she ignore other pertinent information in order to prove the author's point?
- Persuasiveness — Which of the author's theses are most/least convincing?
- Value — Does the author provide enough context to make the case that this is a relevant discussion in the current state of the field? Does this work make a significant contribution to create a stronger understanding of the subject?
A sample of a well-written literature review/trend analysis is available below. If you have questions, please email Cindy Winter or call her at 612-759-8580. You may also contact one of the section chairs . Family Science is a vibrant and growing discipline. Visit Family.Science to learn more and see how Family Scientists make a difference. NCFR is a nonpartisan, 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization whose members support all families through research, teaching, practice, and advocacy. Get the latest updates on NCFR & Family Science in our weekly email newsletter: Connect with Us National Council on Family Relations 661 LaSalle Street, Suite 200 Saint Paul, MN 55114 Phone: (888) 781-9331 [email protected] Terms & Conditions | Privacy Policy © Copyright 2023 NCFR Literature Review: Conducting & Writing- Sample Literature Reviews
- Steps for Conducting a Lit Review
- Finding "The Literature"
- Organizing/Writing
- APA Style This link opens in a new window
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Sample Lit Reviews from Communication ArtsHave an exemplary literature review. - Literature Review Sample 1
- Literature Review Sample 2
- Literature Review Sample 3
Have you written a stellar literature review you care to share for teaching purposes? Are you an instructor who has received an exemplary literature review and have permission from the student to post? Please contact Britt McGowan at [email protected] for inclusion in this guide. All disciplines welcome and encouraged. - << Previous: MLA Style
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Tuesday 11 July 2017Literature review for a research proposal: a quick guide, writing a literature review in a research proposal. ![literature review proposal literature review proposal](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2EvaSL2RZTpeo4QtWApfovtRvLfgP1pwVD2_ujhNLqNaRKIDpcr1cGfffwT9B6Z-0KwQwQfyP2fy7ch0h16FJeU7zNTi19x6LCZ6qERvoPWNXUBTBuklTZoAGg-aaPh2BjaErdvQCJ8Q/s400/literature+review+research+proposal+thesis+dissertation+help+with+planning+paragraph+essay+write+thesis+academic+academic+coaching+writeyourthesis+grant+andrews+editing+services.jpg) ![literature review proposal literature review proposal](https://cdn.paperpal.com/assets/images/paperpal_editage_logo.webp) How to Write a Research Proposal: (with Examples & Templates)![literature review proposal how to write a research proposal](https://pp-blog.paperpal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/pexels-karolina-grabowska-8539429-1-1170x780.jpg) Table of Contents Before conducting a study, a research proposal should be created that outlines researchers’ plans and methodology and is submitted to the concerned evaluating organization or person. Creating a research proposal is an important step to ensure that researchers are on track and are moving forward as intended. A research proposal can be defined as a detailed plan or blueprint for the proposed research that you intend to undertake. It provides readers with a snapshot of your project by describing what you will investigate, why it is needed, and how you will conduct the research. Your research proposal should aim to explain to the readers why your research is relevant and original, that you understand the context and current scenario in the field, have the appropriate resources to conduct the research, and that the research is feasible given the usual constraints. This article will describe in detail the purpose and typical structure of a research proposal , along with examples and templates to help you ace this step in your research journey. What is a Research Proposal ? A research proposal¹ ,² can be defined as a formal report that describes your proposed research, its objectives, methodology, implications, and other important details. Research proposals are the framework of your research and are used to obtain approvals or grants to conduct the study from various committees or organizations. Consequently, research proposals should convince readers of your study’s credibility, accuracy, achievability, practicality, and reproducibility. With research proposals , researchers usually aim to persuade the readers, funding agencies, educational institutions, and supervisors to approve the proposal. To achieve this, the report should be well structured with the objectives written in clear, understandable language devoid of jargon. A well-organized research proposal conveys to the readers or evaluators that the writer has thought out the research plan meticulously and has the resources to ensure timely completion. Purpose of Research Proposals A research proposal is a sales pitch and therefore should be detailed enough to convince your readers, who could be supervisors, ethics committees, universities, etc., that what you’re proposing has merit and is feasible . Research proposals can help students discuss their dissertation with their faculty or fulfill course requirements and also help researchers obtain funding. A well-structured proposal instills confidence among readers about your ability to conduct and complete the study as proposed. Research proposals can be written for several reasons:³ - To describe the importance of research in the specific topic
- Address any potential challenges you may encounter
- Showcase knowledge in the field and your ability to conduct a study
- Apply for a role at a research institute
- Convince a research supervisor or university that your research can satisfy the requirements of a degree program
- Highlight the importance of your research to organizations that may sponsor your project
- Identify implications of your project and how it can benefit the audience
What Goes in a Research Proposal? Research proposals should aim to answer the three basic questions—what, why, and how. The What question should be answered by describing the specific subject being researched. It should typically include the objectives, the cohort details, and the location or setting. The Why question should be answered by describing the existing scenario of the subject, listing unanswered questions, identifying gaps in the existing research, and describing how your study can address these gaps, along with the implications and significance. The How question should be answered by describing the proposed research methodology, data analysis tools expected to be used, and other details to describe your proposed methodology. Research Proposal Example Here is a research proposal sample template (with examples) from the University of Rochester Medical Center. 4 The sections in all research proposals are essentially the same although different terminology and other specific sections may be used depending on the subject. ![literature review proposal Research Proposal Template](https://pp-blog.paperpal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Research-proposal-Template-1-2_page-00011-scaled.jpg) Structure of a Research Proposal If you want to know how to make a research proposal impactful, include the following components:¹ 1. Introduction This section provides a background of the study, including the research topic, what is already known about it and the gaps, and the significance of the proposed research. 2. Literature review This section contains descriptions of all the previous relevant studies pertaining to the research topic. Every study cited should be described in a few sentences, starting with the general studies to the more specific ones. This section builds on the understanding gained by readers in the Introduction section and supports it by citing relevant prior literature, indicating to readers that you have thoroughly researched your subject. 3. Objectives Once the background and gaps in the research topic have been established, authors must now state the aims of the research clearly. Hypotheses should be mentioned here. This section further helps readers understand what your study’s specific goals are. 4. Research design and methodology Here, authors should clearly describe the methods they intend to use to achieve their proposed objectives. Important components of this section include the population and sample size, data collection and analysis methods and duration, statistical analysis software, measures to avoid bias (randomization, blinding), etc. 5. Ethical considerations This refers to the protection of participants’ rights, such as the right to privacy, right to confidentiality, etc. Researchers need to obtain informed consent and institutional review approval by the required authorities and mention this clearly for transparency. 6. Budget/funding Researchers should prepare their budget and include all expected expenditures. An additional allowance for contingencies such as delays should also be factored in. 7. Appendices This section typically includes information that supports the research proposal and may include informed consent forms, questionnaires, participant information, measurement tools, etc. 8. Citations ![literature review proposal](https://pp-blog.paperpal.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/blog-banner_extra.png) Important Tips for Writing a Research Proposal Writing a research proposal begins much before the actual task of writing. Planning the research proposal structure and content is an important stage, which if done efficiently, can help you seamlessly transition into the writing stage. 3,5 The Planning Stage - Manage your time efficiently. Plan to have the draft version ready at least two weeks before your deadline and the final version at least two to three days before the deadline.
- What is the primary objective of your research?
- Will your research address any existing gap?
- What is the impact of your proposed research?
- Do people outside your field find your research applicable in other areas?
- If your research is unsuccessful, would there still be other useful research outcomes?
The Writing Stage - Create an outline with main section headings that are typically used.
- Focus only on writing and getting your points across without worrying about the format of the research proposal , grammar, punctuation, etc. These can be fixed during the subsequent passes. Add details to each section heading you created in the beginning.
- Ensure your sentences are concise and use plain language. A research proposal usually contains about 2,000 to 4,000 words or four to seven pages.
- Don’t use too many technical terms and abbreviations assuming that the readers would know them. Define the abbreviations and technical terms.
- Ensure that the entire content is readable. Avoid using long paragraphs because they affect the continuity in reading. Break them into shorter paragraphs and introduce some white space for readability.
- Focus on only the major research issues and cite sources accordingly. Don’t include generic information or their sources in the literature review.
- Proofread your final document to ensure there are no grammatical errors so readers can enjoy a seamless, uninterrupted read.
- Use academic, scholarly language because it brings formality into a document.
- Ensure that your title is created using the keywords in the document and is neither too long and specific nor too short and general.
- Cite all sources appropriately to avoid plagiarism.
- Make sure that you follow guidelines, if provided. This includes rules as simple as using a specific font or a hyphen or en dash between numerical ranges.
- Ensure that you’ve answered all questions requested by the evaluating authority.
Key Takeaways Here’s a summary of the main points about research proposals discussed in the previous sections: - A research proposal is a document that outlines the details of a proposed study and is created by researchers to submit to evaluators who could be research institutions, universities, faculty, etc.
- Research proposals are usually about 2,000-4,000 words long, but this depends on the evaluating authority’s guidelines.
- A good research proposal ensures that you’ve done your background research and assessed the feasibility of the research.
- Research proposals have the following main sections—introduction, literature review, objectives, methodology, ethical considerations, and budget.
![literature review proposal](https://pp-blog.paperpal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/AAP-Banner-3.png) Frequently Asked Questions Q1. How is a research proposal evaluated? A1. In general, most evaluators, including universities, broadly use the following criteria to evaluate research proposals . 6 - Significance —Does the research address any important subject or issue, which may or may not be specific to the evaluator or university?
- Content and design —Is the proposed methodology appropriate to answer the research question? Are the objectives clear and well aligned with the proposed methodology?
- Sample size and selection —Is the target population or cohort size clearly mentioned? Is the sampling process used to select participants randomized, appropriate, and free of bias?
- Timing —Are the proposed data collection dates mentioned clearly? Is the project feasible given the specified resources and timeline?
- Data management and dissemination —Who will have access to the data? What is the plan for data analysis?
Q2. What is the difference between the Introduction and Literature Review sections in a research proposal ? A2. The Introduction or Background section in a research proposal sets the context of the study by describing the current scenario of the subject and identifying the gaps and need for the research. A Literature Review, on the other hand, provides references to all prior relevant literature to help corroborate the gaps identified and the research need. Q3. How long should a research proposal be? A3. Research proposal lengths vary with the evaluating authority like universities or committees and also the subject. Here’s a table that lists the typical research proposal lengths for a few universities. | | | | Arts programs | 1,000-1,500 | University of Birmingham | Law School programs | 2,500 | | PhD | 2,500 | | | 2,000 | | Research degrees | 2,000-3,500 | Q4. What are the common mistakes to avoid in a research proposal ? A4. Here are a few common mistakes that you must avoid while writing a research proposal . 7 - No clear objectives: Objectives should be clear, specific, and measurable for the easy understanding among readers.
- Incomplete or unconvincing background research: Background research usually includes a review of the current scenario of the particular industry and also a review of the previous literature on the subject. This helps readers understand your reasons for undertaking this research because you identified gaps in the existing research.
- Overlooking project feasibility: The project scope and estimates should be realistic considering the resources and time available.
- Neglecting the impact and significance of the study: In a research proposal , readers and evaluators look for the implications or significance of your research and how it contributes to the existing research. This information should always be included.
- Unstructured format of a research proposal : A well-structured document gives confidence to evaluators that you have read the guidelines carefully and are well organized in your approach, consequently affirming that you will be able to undertake the research as mentioned in your proposal.
- Ineffective writing style: The language used should be formal and grammatically correct. If required, editors could be consulted, including AI-based tools such as Paperpal , to refine the research proposal structure and language.
Thus, a research proposal is an essential document that can help you promote your research and secure funds and grants for conducting your research. Consequently, it should be well written in clear language and include all essential details to convince the evaluators of your ability to conduct the research as proposed. This article has described all the important components of a research proposal and has also provided tips to improve your writing style. We hope all these tips will help you write a well-structured research proposal to ensure receipt of grants or any other purpose. References - Sudheesh K, Duggappa DR, Nethra SS. How to write a research proposal? Indian J Anaesth. 2016;60(9):631-634. Accessed July 15, 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5037942/
- Writing research proposals. Harvard College Office of Undergraduate Research and Fellowships. Harvard University. Accessed July 14, 2024. https://uraf.harvard.edu/apply-opportunities/app-components/essays/research-proposals
- What is a research proposal? Plus how to write one. Indeed website. Accessed July 17, 2024. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/research-proposal
- Research proposal template. University of Rochester Medical Center. Accessed July 16, 2024. https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/MediaLibraries/URMCMedia/pediatrics/research/documents/Research-proposal-Template.pdf
- Tips for successful proposal writing. Johns Hopkins University. Accessed July 17, 2024. https://research.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Tips-for-Successful-Proposal-Writing.pdf
- Formal review of research proposals. Cornell University. Accessed July 18, 2024. https://irp.dpb.cornell.edu/surveys/survey-assessment-review-group/research-proposals
- 7 Mistakes you must avoid in your research proposal. Aveksana (via LinkedIn). Accessed July 17, 2024. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/7-mistakes-you-must-avoid-your-research-proposal-aveksana-cmtwf/
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How to Write Your Research Paper in APA FormatThe future of academia: how ai tools are changing the way we do research, you may also like, how to write your research paper in apa..., how to choose a dissertation topic, how to write an academic paragraph (step-by-step guide), maintaining academic integrity with paperpal’s generative ai writing..., research funding basics: what should a grant proposal..., how to write an abstract in research papers..., how to write dissertation acknowledgements, how to structure an essay, leveraging generative ai to enhance student understanding of.... How to Write a Literature Review for a Research ProposalHannah richardson. ![literature review proposal Someone is flipping through pages in a book.](https://classroom.synonym.com/public/images/logo-fallback.png) The purpose of a literature review is to highlight a void in the research that your study will fill. The literature review answers why you should conduct your research. To answer the why behind your study, find and analyze other studies that address similar research questions, or studies that address your research question on a different level. Discuss and present your research question and how the answer you discover will fill in another piece of the puzzle in your field. Explore this article- Search: Cast a Wide Net
- Introduction: Define Your Research Question
- Body: Summarize Published Studies
- Conclusion: Present Your Why
- References: Provide Thorough Citations
1 Search: Cast a Wide NetWhether you have clearly defined your research question or not, begin your search using academic databases such as JSTOR, EBSCOhost, or ERIC. Your university library system should provide you with a login that may give you free access to articles you would normally have to pay for through these databases. Use the search feature in the academic database to search only for studies published in peer-reviewed journals. Peer-reviewed journals ensure that these studies underwent extensive scrutiny and were combed for best practices. Skim article abstracts to find studies that relate to your topic before downloading and organizing your findings. 2 Introduction: Define Your Research QuestionOnce you have combed through studies related to your topic and found a question that has yet to be answered, clearly define it in your introduction. Lead your review with this question and explain to your readers that you will demonstrate how the studies you summarize and analyze in the review do not address your specific question. Your question should address a specific population in a specific academic focus using a specific research method. For example, you could look at the effects of a reading intervention on eighth-grade students using quantitative research methods. Clearly defining your question helps define the focus of your review. 3 Body: Summarize Published StudiesThe body of your review should be organized methodically to summarize and present the findings of other studies in the field you are addressing. You could organize your findings by date, addressing older studies first and ending with the most recent. You could organize the review by topic, highlighting studies in your specific population, then academic focus, then research method. You could also move from broad studies to more specific, smaller studies, or vice versa. The findings of your search guide how you organize the literature based on the focus and volume of the studies in your chosen field. 4 Conclusion: Present Your WhyIn the conclusion of your review, restate your research question and point to how other studies addressed similar or related questions but did not answer your question for your chosen population, topic and research method. For example, point to studies that addressed the effects of your reading intervention on elementary school students but not on eighth-grade students. Or point out that a qualitative study was conducted using one subject, but your focus is a quantitative study using a much larger population sample. Convince your reader that your study will fill a void in the research that already exists. 5 References: Provide Thorough CitationsOnce you have composed the body of your review, ensure all of your citations are correctly formatted and write your references pages. APA style has clearly defined guidelines for formatting in-text citations and references. Use your APA manual for all referencing questions. However, allot extensive time to organizing all articles and building your reference pages. Ensure you have listed all authors, know the journal source for each article, and have accurate page numbers for each article. - 1 University of Wisconsin at Madison Writing Center: Learn How to Write a Review of Literature
- 2 California State University, Dominguez Hills: Sample Literature Review
- 3 Sam Houston State University: Writing a Literature Review and Proposal
About the AuthorHannah Richardson has a Master's degree in Special Education from Vanderbilt University and a Bacheor of Arts in English. She has been a writer since 2004 and wrote regularly for the sports and features sections of "The Technician" newspaper, as well as "Coastwach" magazine. Richardson also served as the co-editor-in-chief of "Windhover," an award-winning literary and arts magazine. She is currently teaching at a middle school. Related Articles![literature review proposal How to Write the Abstract for a Sociology Paper](https://classroom.synonym.com/public/images/logo-fallback.png) How to Write the Abstract for a Sociology Paper![literature review proposal Definition of a Background Literature Search](https://classroom.synonym.com/public/images/logo-fallback.png) Definition of a Background Literature Search![literature review proposal How to Organize a Literature Review](https://classroom.synonym.com/public/images/logo-fallback.png) How to Organize a Literature Review![literature review proposal How to Write the Introduction and Literature Review Section of a Research Paper](https://classroom.synonym.com/public/images/logo-fallback.png) How to Write the Introduction and Literature Review...![literature review proposal How to Write a Topic Report](https://classroom.synonym.com/public/images/logo-fallback.png) How to Write a Topic Report![literature review proposal How to Write Limitations in a Report](https://classroom.synonym.com/public/images/logo-fallback.png) How to Write Limitations in a Report![literature review proposal How to Write a Review Report](https://classroom.synonym.com/public/images/logo-fallback.png) How to Write a Review Report![literature review proposal How to Write a Rationale for Your Dissertation](https://classroom.synonym.com/public/images/logo-fallback.png) How to Write a Rationale for Your Dissertation![literature review proposal How to Write a Research Methodology](https://classroom.synonym.com/public/images/logo-fallback.png) How to Write a Research Methodology![literature review proposal How to Come Up With a Dissertation Title](https://classroom.synonym.com/public/images/logo-fallback.png) How to Come Up With a Dissertation Title![literature review proposal How to Write Academic Literature Reviews](https://classroom.synonym.com/public/images/logo-fallback.png) How to Write Academic Literature Reviews![literature review proposal What is a Dissertation?](https://classroom.synonym.com/public/images/logo-fallback.png) What is a Dissertation?![literature review proposal How to Write a Policy Analysis](https://classroom.synonym.com/public/images/logo-fallback.png) How to Write a Policy Analysis![literature review proposal How to Write an Evidence-Based Practice Article Review Paper](https://classroom.synonym.com/public/images/logo-fallback.png) How to Write an Evidence-Based Practice Article Review...![literature review proposal How to Write a Critical Response Essay](https://classroom.synonym.com/public/images/logo-fallback.png) How to Write a Critical Response Essay![literature review proposal Characteristics of a Comparative Research Design](https://classroom.synonym.com/public/images/logo-fallback.png) Characteristics of a Comparative Research Design![literature review proposal How to Form a Theoretical Study of a Dissertation](https://classroom.synonym.com/public/images/logo-fallback.png) How to Form a Theoretical Study of a Dissertation![literature review proposal How to Write a Bible Study Outline](https://classroom.synonym.com/public/images/logo-fallback.png) How to Write a Bible Study Outline![literature review proposal How to Write a Case Study Essay](https://classroom.synonym.com/public/images/logo-fallback.png) How to Write a Case Study Essay![literature review proposal How to Do a Thesis Proposal Presentation](https://classroom.synonym.com/public/images/logo-fallback.png) How to Do a Thesis Proposal PresentationRegardless of how old we are, we never stop learning. Classroom is the educational resource for people of all ages. Whether you’re studying times tables or applying to college, Classroom has the answers. - Accessibility
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© 2020 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. Based on the Word Net lexical database for the English Language. See disclaimer . ![literature review proposal](https://gradcoach.com/wp-content/uploads/GC-Logo-Registered.png) Free Download Literature Review TemplateThe fastest (and smartest) way to craft a strong literature review that lays a solid theoretical foundation and earns marks. Available in Google Doc, Word & PDF format 4.9 star rating, 5000 + downloads ![Download the free template Download the free template](https://gradcoach.com/wp-content/uploads/template-hero-image-1.png) Step-by-step instructions Tried & tested academic format Fill-in-the-blanks simplicity Pro tips, tricks and resources ![title= literature review proposal](https://gradcoach.com/wp-content/uploads/pageside.png) What It CoversThis literature review template is based on the tried and trusted best-practice format and structure for formal academic research projects. It includes the following sections: - Before you start – essential groundwork to ensure you’re ready
- The introduction section
- The core/body section
- The conclusion /summary
- Extra free resources
Each section is explained in plain, straightforward language , followed by an overview of the key elements. We’ve also included practical examples and links to free videos to help you understand what’s required in each section. The template can be copied to your Google Drive 0r downloaded as a fully editable MS Word Document (DOCX format), adaptable to LaTeX. download your copy now100% Free to use. Instant access. I agree to receive the free template and other useful resources. Download Now (Instant Access) ![Softr Awards - 1200 x 140 Awards](https://gradcoach.com/wp-content/uploads/Softr-Awards-1200-x-140.png) FAQs: Literature Review TemplateWhat format is the template (doc, pdf, ppt, etc.). The literature review chapter template is provided as a Google Doc. You can download it in MS Word format or make a copy to your Google Drive. You’re also welcome to convert it to whatever format works best for you, such as LaTeX or PDF. What types of literature reviews can this template be used for?The template follows the standard format for academic literature reviews, which means it will be suitable for the vast majority of academic research projects (especially those within the sciences), whether they are qualitative or quantitative in terms of design. Keep in mind that the exact requirements for the literature review chapter will vary between universities and degree programs. These are typically minor, but it’s always a good idea to double-check your university’s requirements before you finalize your structure. Is this template for an undergrad, Master or PhD-level thesis?This template can be used for a literature review at any level of study. Doctoral-level projects typically require the literature review to be more extensive/comprehensive, but the structure will typically remain the same. Can I modify the template to suit my topic/area?Absolutely. While the template provides a general structure, you should adapt it to fit the specific requirements and focus of your literature review. What structural style does this literature review template use?The template assumes a thematic structure (as opposed to a chronological or methodological structure), as this is the most common approach. However, this is only one dimension of the template, so it will still be useful if you are adopting a different structure. Does this template include the Excel literature catalog?No, that is a separate template, which you can download for free here . This template is for the write-up of the actual literature review chapter, whereas the catalog is for use during the literature sourcing and sorting phase. How long should the literature review chapter be?This depends on your university’s specific requirements, so it’s best to check with them. As a general ballpark, literature reviews for Masters-level projects are usually 2,000 – 3,000 words in length, while Doctoral-level projects can reach multiples of this. Can I include literature that contradicts my hypothesis?Yes, it’s important to acknowledge and discuss literature that presents different viewpoints or contradicts your hypothesis. So, don’t shy away from existing research that takes an opposing view to yours. How do I avoid plagiarism in my literature review?Always cite your sources correctly and paraphrase ideas in your own words while maintaining the original meaning. You can always check our plagiarism score before submitting your work to help ease your mind. Do you have an example of a populated template?We provide a walkthrough of the template and review an example of a high-quality literature research chapter here . 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Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. JSmol ViewerMarkers of futile resuscitation in traumatic hemorrhage: a review of the evidence and a proposal for futility time-outs during massive transfusion. ![literature review proposal literature review proposal](https://www.mdpi.com/bundles/mdpisciprofileslink/img/unknown-user.png) 1. Introduction1.1. blood product shortages heighten the need for reliable markers of futile resuscitation of severely injured patients, 1.2. the search for reliable markers of futility is confounded by varying transfusion practices and measurements, 1.3. defining fr and a “futility index” based on criteria for trauma-induced coagulopathy and massive transfusion with laboratory and clinical markers, 1.4. clinical and laboratory measurements for predicting fr. Category of Common Markers | Proposed Marker of Futility | Statistically Significant | Not Statistically Significant |
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| | Aichholz [ ], Barbosa [ ], Farrell [ ], Dorken-Gallastegi [ ], Hamidi [ ], Huber-Wagner [ ], Mitra [ ], Mitra [ ], Moore [ ], Morris [ ], Mostafa [ ], Sharpe [ ], Torres [ ], Velmahos [ ], L’Huillier [ ] | Barbosa [ ], Cinat [ ], Criddle [ ], Cripps [ ], Hanna [ ], Heidary [ ], Katirai [ ], Loudon [ ], Matthay [ ], Meyer [ ], Mitra [ ], Muldowney [ ], Murray [ ], Shea [ ], Van Gent [ ], Vaslef [ ], Yang [ ], Yu [ ] | | Cinat [ ], Dorken-Gallastegi [ ], Hamidi [ ], Sharpe [ ], Torres [ ], Yu [ ] | Barbosa [ ], Barbosa [ ], Criddle [ ], Cripps [ ], Farrell [ ], Hanna [ ], Heidary [ ], Huber-Wagner [ ], Katirai [ ], Loudon [ ], Matthay [ ], Meyer [ ], Mitra [ ], Mitra [ ], Moore [ ], Mostafa [ ], Muldowney [ ], Van Gent [ ], Vaslef [ ], Velmahos [ ], Yang [ ] | | | Meyer [ ], Mostafa [ ], Van Gent [ ], Velmahos [ ] | | Dorken-Gallastegi [ ], Hanna [ ], Heidary [ ], Mitra [ ], Meyer [ ], Muldowney [ ], Sharpe [ ], Torres [ ] | Barbosa [ ], Barbosa [ ], Cinat [ ], Cripps [ ], Criddle [ ], Farrell [ ], Hamidi [ ], Huber-Wagner [ ], Loudon [ ], Matthay [ ], Moore [ ], Mostafa [ ], Vaslef [ ], Van Gent [ ], Velmahos [ ], Yu [ ] | | Barbosa [ ], Borgman [ ], Dorken-Gallastegi [ ], Matthay [ ], Mitra [ ], Mitra [ ], Muldowney [ ] | Cripps [ ], Hamidi [ ] | | Aichholz [ ] | Van Gent [ ] | | Barbosa [ ], Cripps [ ], Dorken-Gallastegi [ ], Hamidi [ ], Hanna [ ], Huber-Wagner [ ], Loudon [ ], Matthay [ ], Mitra [ ], Mitra [ ], Morris [ ], Mostafa [ ], Shea [ ], Torres [ ], Van Gent [ ], Vaslef [ ], Velmahos [ ], Yu [ ], Schneider [ ], L’Huillier [ ] | Barbosa [ ] | | Dorken-Gallastegi [ ], Hamidi [ ], Matthay [ ], Mitra [ ], Torres [ ] | Barbosa [ ], Barbosa [ ], Borgman [ ], Cripps [ ], Deep [ ] Loudon [ ], Mitra [ ], Mitra [ ], Moore [ ], Morris [ ], Velmahos [ ], Yu [ ] | | Borgman [ ], Cosgriff [ ], Cripps [ ], Deep [ ], Dorken-Gallastegi [ ], Hamidi [ ], Hanna [ ], Heidary [ ], Huber-Wagner [ ], Loudon [ ], Mitra [ ], Mitra [ ], Moore [ ], Sharpe [ ], Torres [ ], Van Gent [ ], Tzeng [ ] | Barbosa [ ], Barbosa [ ], Cinat [ ], Matthay [ ], Mitra [ ], Morris [ ], Velmahos [ ], Yu [ ] | | | Barbosa [ ], Dorken-Gallastegi [ ], Mitra [ ], Mitra [ ], Mitra [ ] | | Dudaryk [ ], Bryant [ ], Stone [ ] | | | Dorken-Gallastegi [ ], Moore [ ] | Velmahos [ ] | | Borgman [ ], Cinat [ ], Cosgriff [ ], Mitra [ ], Mitra [ ], Velmahos [ ] | Barbosa [ ], Barbosa [ ], Cripps [ ], Hamidi [ ], Mitra [ ], Moore [ ] | | Arslan [ ], Hosseinpour [ ] | Aichholz [ ], Loudon [ ], Matthay [ ] | | Matthay [ ], Velmahos [ ] | | | Dorken-Gallastegi [ ], Loudon [ ], Matthay [ ], Muldowney [ ], Yu [ ] | Huber-Wagner [ ], Van Gent [ ], Velmahos [ ] | | | Dorken-Gallastegi [ ], Hamidi [ ], Huber-Wagner [ ] | | | Mitra 2007 [ ], Velmahos [ ] | | Israr [ ] | | | Anand [ ] | Matthay [ ] | | Velmahos [ ] | | | Mitra [ ] | Matthay [ ], Mitra [ ], Yu [ ] | | Velmahos [ ] | | | | Barbosa [ ], Borgman [ ], Cinat [ ], Criddle [ ], Cripps [ ], Heidary [ ], Huber-Wagner [ ], Matthay [ ], Shea [ ], Van Gent [ ], Vaslef [ ] | Barbosa [ ], Farrell [ ], Moore [ ] | | Barbosa [ ], Cinat [ ], Cosgriff [ ], Cripps [ ], Katirai [ ], Mitra [ ], Mitra [ ], Moore [ ], Muldowney [ ], Vaslef [ ], Velmahos [ ] | Barbosa [ ], Farrell [ ], Van Gent [ ] | | Arslan [ ], Matthay [ ], Mitra [ ], Sharpe [ ], Shea [ ], Van Gent [ ] | Barbosa [ ], Mitra [ ], Vaslef [ ] | | Barbosa [ ], Borgman [ ], Cripps [ ], Matthay [ ], Mitra [ ], Moore [ ] | Barbosa [ ], Cinat [ ], Huber-Wagner [ ], Mitra [ ], Mitra [ ], Muldowney [ ], Heidary [ ], Shea [ ], Vaslef [ ], Velmahos [ ] | | Barbosa [ ], Borgman [ ], Cripps [ ], Heidary [ ], Huber-Wagner [ ], Matthay [ ], Mitra [ ], Mitra [ ], Moore [ ], Muldowney [ ], Shea [ ] | Barbosa [ ], Mitra [ ], Van Gent [ ] | | Aichholz [ ], Barbosa [ ], Borgman [ ], Cinat [ ], Cripps [ ], Heidary [ ], Matthay [ ], Mitra [ ], Mitra [ ], Muldowney [ ], Shea [ ] | Barbosa [ ], Moore [ ] | | Cinat [ ], Mitra [ ], Mitra [ ], Muldowney [ ] | Barbosa [ ], Barbosa [ ] | | Mitra [ ], Mitra [ ] | Mitra [ ] | | Velmahos [ ] | | | Velmahos [ ] | | | Chapman [ ], Van Gent [ ], Farrell [ ], Shea [ ] | Matthay [ ] | | | Mitra [ ], Quintana [ ] | Cinat [ ], Clements [ ], Muldowney [ ], Van Gent [ ], Vaslef [ ], Velmahos [ ] | | Arslan [ ], Barbosa [ ], Cripps [ ], Deep [ ], Dorken-Gallastegi [ ], Hamidi [ ], Huber-Wagner [ ], Liu [ ], Loudon [ ], Mitra [ ], Morris [ ], Mostafa [ ], Quintana [ ], Vaslef [ ], Yang [ ] | Criddle [ ], Como [ ], Farrell [ ], Matthay [ ], Mitra [ ], Yu [ ] | | Cripps [ ], Hamidi [ ], Loudon [ ], Mitra [ ], Morris [ ] | Cinat [ ], Criddle [ ], Deep [ ], Farrell [ ], Matthay [ ], Mitra [ ], Vaslef [ ], Yang [ ] | | Loudon [ ], Morris [ ], Quintana [ ] | Cinat [ ], Criddle [ ], Cripps [ ], Farrell [ ], Vaslef [ ], Velmahos [ ] | | Farrell [ ], Matthay [ ] | Cinat [ ], Criddle [ ], Vaslef [ ] | | Clements [ ] | Cinat [ ], Muldowney [ ] | | Cripps [ ], Deep [ ], Heidary [ ] | | | | Borgman [ ], Matthay [ ] | | Hu [ ], Meyer [ ], Stone [ ] | | | Hu [ ], Meyer [ ], Rahbar [ ] | | | | Van Gent [ ], Eitel [ ], Doughty [ ] | | 4. Discussion4.1. heterogeneity of the definition of unit of blood per hour as a predictor of fr, 4.2. bedside algorithms specifically for defining fr in sbtps, 4.3. defining early futility markers during ftos: bedside transfusion cut-points, serial vets, and resolving heterogenous definitions of transfusion cut-points, 4.4. the proposal for defining a futility check list of all bleeding trauma patients who are candidates for fr with and without associated tbi, 5. conclusions and ethical considerations, author contributions, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest, abbreviations. ABC | Assessment of Blood Consumption | ACS | American College of Surgeons | AIS | Abbreviated Injury Scale | BD | Base Deficit | BFDP | Bilateral Fixed and Dilated Pupils | CAT | Critical Administration Threshold | CCT | Common Coagulation Test | COVID-19 | Coronavirus Disease 2019 | CT | Computed Axial Tomography | cTBI | Coagulopathy of Traumatic Brain Injury | DD | Death Diamond | DDD | Double Death Diamond | ED | Emergency Department | ERAS | Edinburgh Ruptured Aneurysm Score | ETCO | End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide | FAST | Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma | FFP | Fresh Frozen Plasma | FR | Futile Resuscitation | FTO | Futility Time Out | GAS | Glasgow Aneurysm Score | GCS | Glasgow Coma Scale | GTOS | Geriatric Trauma Outcome Score | hMTP | Historic Massive Transfusion Protocol | INR | International Normalized Ratio | ISS | Injury Severity Score | LD50 | Median Lethal Dose | LY30 | Lysis at 30 min | MA | Maximum Amplitude | MCF | Maximum Clot Firmness | MELD | Model for End-Stage Liver Disease | MeSH | Medical Subject Headings | MT | Massive Transfusion | MTP | Massive Transfusion Protocol | NBTC | National Blood Transfusion Committee | OR | Operating Room | PBM | Precision-Based Medicine | P-FAST | Pericardial Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma | PLTs | Platelets | POC | Point of Care | POCUS | Point of Care Ultrasonography | PPV | Positive Predictive Value | PRBCs | Packed Red Blood Cells | PROPPR | Pragmatic Randomized Optimal Plasma and Platelet Ratio Trial | PT | Prothrombin Time | PTT | Partial Thromboplastin Time | rBAUX | Revised Baux Score | RCT | Randomized Controlled Trial | REBOA | Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta | RI | Resuscitation Intensity | ROSC | Return of Spontaneous Circulation | ROTEM | Rotational Thromboelastometry | rTEG | Rapid Thromboelastography | RTO | Resuscitation Time-Outs | SBP | Systolic Blood Pressure | SHINE | SHock-INduced Endotheliopathy | SOFA | Sequential Organ Failure Assessment | SOL | Signs of Life | STOP | Suspension of Transfusions and Other Procedures | TACTIC | Trans-Agency Consortium for Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy | TBI | Traumatic Brain Injury | TEG | Thromboelastography | TEG LY 30 | Thromboelastography Lysis at 30 Minutes | TEMPT | Trauma Early Mortality Prediction Tool | TFT | Transfusion Futility Threshold | TIC | Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy | tPA | Tissue Plasminogen Activator | TRISS | Trauma Revised Injury Severity Score | TTMTP | Triage Tool for Massively Transfused Patients | TTO | Transfusion Time-Out | TTV | Total Transfusion Volume | TQIP | Trauma Quality Improvement Program | U | Unit | UMT | Ultramassive Transfusion | VET | Viscoelastic Testing | VSS | Vancouver Scoring System | w/o | Without | WB | Whole Blood |
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Click here to enlarge figure Study | Scoring Criteria |
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Suspension of Transfusion and Other Procedures (STOP) [ ] | The proposed STOP criteria include any one of the combined clinical and lab markers below, each combination having a 100% PPV and specificity for death: | Trans-Agency Consortium for Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy (TACTIC) TIC Score [ ] | | National Blood Transfusion Committee Triage Tool for Massively Transfused Patients (NBTC TTMTP) [ ] | Patients with a SOFA score > 11, who have a continued need for large amounts of blood components, and where there is no foreseeable ability to control blood loss should be triaged to palliative care. | Variable | PPV, % | NPV, % | Sn, % | Sp, % |
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Arrival SBP ≤ 50 and LY30 ≥ 30% | 100 | 78 | 33 | 100 | Arrival SBP ≤ 50 and lactate ≥ 15 | 100 | 77 | 31 | 100 | Arrival SBP ≤ 70, LY30 ≥ 30%, and lactate ≥ 15 | 100 | 77 | 30 | 100 | ROSC and LY30 ≥ 30% | 100 | 78 | 33 | 100 | ROSC and lactate ≥ 12 | 100 | 76 | 29 | 100 | ROSC and GCS 3 | 100 | 77 | 27 | 100 | | The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
Share and CiteWalsh, M.M.; Fox, M.D.; Moore, E.E.; Johnson, J.L.; Bunch, C.M.; Miller, J.B.; Lopez-Plaza, I.; Brancamp, R.L.; Waxman, D.A.; Thomas, S.G.; et al. Markers of Futile Resuscitation in Traumatic Hemorrhage: A Review of the Evidence and a Proposal for Futility Time-Outs during Massive Transfusion. J. Clin. Med. 2024 , 13 , 4684. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164684 Walsh MM, Fox MD, Moore EE, Johnson JL, Bunch CM, Miller JB, Lopez-Plaza I, Brancamp RL, Waxman DA, Thomas SG, et al. Markers of Futile Resuscitation in Traumatic Hemorrhage: A Review of the Evidence and a Proposal for Futility Time-Outs during Massive Transfusion. Journal of Clinical Medicine . 2024; 13(16):4684. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164684 Walsh, Mark M., Mark D. Fox, Ernest E. Moore, Jeffrey L. Johnson, Connor M. Bunch, Joseph B. Miller, Ileana Lopez-Plaza, Rachel L. Brancamp, Dan A. Waxman, Scott G. Thomas, and et al. 2024. "Markers of Futile Resuscitation in Traumatic Hemorrhage: A Review of the Evidence and a Proposal for Futility Time-Outs during Massive Transfusion" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 16: 4684. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164684 Article MetricsArticle access statistics, further information, mdpi initiatives, follow mdpi. ![MDPI Open Access Journals MDPI](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/mdpi-pub-logo-white-small.png?71d18e5f805839ab?1723472589) Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals ![](//sektorel.online/777/templates/cheerup/res/banner1.gif) |
IMAGES
COMMENTS
Examples of literature reviews. Step 1 - Search for relevant literature. Step 2 - Evaluate and select sources. Step 3 - Identify themes, debates, and gaps. Step 4 - Outline your literature review's structure. Step 5 - Write your literature review.
the difference between a literature review and a review of the literature as an introduction for a research study. A literature review of a specific subject (as often published in journals) has to be a comprehensive review of that subject. But when you are doing a review of the literature for your study, you start by doing a comprehensive ...
ew the literature and write about it. You will be asked to do this as a student when you. ite essays, dissertations and theses. Later, whenever you write an academic paper, there will usually be some element of. literature review in the introduction. And if you have to write a grant application, you will be expected to review the work t.
A literature review is a critical analysis and synthesis of existing research on a particular topic. It provides an overview of the current state of knowledge, identifies gaps, and highlights key findings in the literature. 1 The purpose of a literature review is to situate your own research within the context of existing scholarship, demonstrating your understanding of the topic and showing ...
A literature review is a document or section of a document that collects key sources on a topic and discusses those sources in conversation with each other (also called synthesis ). The lit review is an important genre in many disciplines, not just literature (i.e., the study of works of literature such as novels and plays).
This presentation is to help students address problems of presentation of their literature review sections in their proposals and thesis. Content may be subject to copyright. 1. Introduction ...
Step 1: Find the relevant literature. Naturally, the first step in the literature review journey is to hunt down the existing research that's relevant to your topic. While you probably already have a decent base of this from your research proposal, you need to expand on this substantially in the dissertation or thesis itself.. Essentially, you need to be looking for any existing literature ...
A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources on a specific topic. It provides an overview of current knowledge, allowing you to identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps in the existing research. There are five key steps to writing a literature review: Search for relevant literature. Evaluate sources. Identify themes, debates and gaps.
Demonstrate your knowledge of the research topic. Identify the gaps in the literature and show how your research links to these. Provide the foundation for your conceptual framework (if you have one) Inform your own methodology and research design. To achieve this, your literature review needs a well-thought-out structure.
A research proposal describes what you will investigate, why it's important, and how you will conduct your research. The format of a research proposal varies between fields, but most proposals will contain at least these elements: Title page; Introduction; Literature review; Research design; Reference list
Your report, in addition to detailing the methods, results, etc. of your research, should show how your work relates to others' work. A literature review for a research report is often a revision of the review for a research proposal, which can be a revision of a stand-alone review. Each revision should be a fairly extensive revision.
15 Literature Review Examples. Literature reviews are a necessary step in a research process and often required when writing your research proposal. They involve gathering, analyzing, and evaluating existing knowledge about a topic in order to find gaps in the literature where future studies will be needed. Ideally, once you have completed your ...
1. Outline and identify the purpose of a literature review. As a first step on how to write a literature review, you must know what the research question or topic is and what shape you want your literature review to take. Ensure you understand the research topic inside out, or else seek clarifications.
2. MOTIVATE YOUR RESEARCH in addition to providing useful information about your topic, your literature review must tell a story about how your project relates to existing literature. popular literature review narratives include: ¡ plugging a gap / filling a hole within an incomplete literature ¡ building a bridge between two "siloed" literatures, putting literatures "in conversation"
Templates for Proposal Writing. Template 1. from Drew University. Template 2. from Rutgers University (Saracevic)
The word "literature review" can refer to two related things that are part of the broader literature review process. The first is the task of reviewing the literature - i.e. sourcing and reading through the existing research relating to your research topic. The second is the actual chapter that you write up in your dissertation, thesis or ...
A literature review surveys scholarly articles, books and other sources (e.g. dissertations, conference proceedings) relevant to a particular issue, area of research or theory, and provides a description, summary, and critical evaluation of these works.The goal of this form of a proposal is to provide an overview of the significant trends in ...
Steps for Conducting a Lit Review; Finding "The Literature" Organizing/Writing; APA Style This link opens in a new window; Chicago: Notes Bibliography This link opens in a new window; MLA Style This link opens in a new window; Sample Literature Reviews. Sample Lit Reviews from Communication Arts; Have an exemplary literature review? Get Help!
Writing a Literature Review in a Research Proposal. The longest section in your research proposal will be your literature review. Your literature review should be about 3-5 pages of the most relevant literature in your field. It should cover some basic ideas linked to your topic, and touch on the keywords you've provided on your cover page.
If you're working on a dissertation or thesis and are looking for an example of a strong literature review chapter, you've come to the right place.. In this video, we walk you through an A-grade literature review from a dissertation that earned full distinction.We start off by discussing the five core sections of a literature review chapter by unpacking our free literature review template.
We walk you through a literature review chapter from a dissertation that earned full distinction. We also discuss each of the core components that need to go...
Structure of a Research Proposal If you want to know how to make a research proposal impactful, include the following components:¹ 1. Introduction This section provides a background of the study, including the research topic, what is already known about it and the gaps, and the significance of the proposed research. 2. Literature review
The purpose of a literature review is to highlight a void in the research that your study will fill. The literature review answers why you should conduct your research. To answer the *why* behind your study, find and analyze other studies that address similar research questions, or studies that address your research ...
This literature review template is based on the tried and trusted best-practice format and structure for formal academic research projects. It includes the following sections: Each section is explained in plain, straightforward language, followed by an overview of the key elements. We've also included practical examples and links to free ...
Prepare for success in nursing research with a clear question, thorough literature review, robust design, ethical practices, strategic recruitment, and detailed analysis plan.
Before presenting a systematic review of the literature regarding the definition of futile resuscitation (FR) for patients with trauma-induced hemorrhagic shock, it is necessary to describe the background upon which this attempt to define, with well-defined metrics, what constitutes futility in the care of trauma patients. ... This proposal is ...