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G20 : Economic Cooperation ahead

India’s g20 presidency: embracing inclusivity, ambition, and action.

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: India's G20 Presidency and new initiatives

Mains level: India's G20 Presidency, commitment for global good and inclusive approach

Central Idea

• India’s G20 presidency, characterized by the keywords “inclusive, ambitious, and action-oriented,” has made substantial progress in delivering on its promise of inclusivity. By prioritizing the basic necessities of life for every citizen, India has exhibited a strong commitment to social security support and people-centric development.

Inclusive Development Initiatives during India’s G20 presidency

• Digital Public Infrastructure: India’s robust digital infrastructure has played a crucial role in delivering the benefits of development directly to citizens across the country. This transparent and corruption-free system has ensured that developmental programs reach every corner of the nation, bridging the digital divide and empowering citizens.
• Access to Basic Necessities: The government has prioritized providing every citizen with access to basic necessities. For example, around 110 million rural households have been provided with access to clean drinking water at their homes. Additionally, more than 110 million sanitation facilities have been constructed across the country, improving public health and hygiene.
• Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana: This flagship financial inclusion program has been instrumental in providing banking services to previously unbanked sections of society. With a focus on women-led development, the scheme has witnessed significant participation, with 56% of Jan Dhan account holders being women, especially in rural and semi-urban areas.
• Women-Led Development : Recognizing the pivotal role of women in driving development, India’s G20 presidency has prioritized women’s empowerment. Policies and initiatives have been designed to foster gender equality, enhance women’s participation in various sectors, and promote their overall well-being.

How India’s Foreign Policy consistently prioritized working for the global public good?

• Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief: India has a long-standing tradition of providing humanitarian assistance and disaster relief to countries in need. In times of crises India has extended its support by offering medical aid and supplies. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, India provided essential medical supplies to over 190 countries and shared vaccines through the Vaccine Maitri program with more than 150 countries.
• Development Cooperation: Through programs such as the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) and the Indian Development and Economic Assistance Scheme (IDEAS), India has offered capacity building, technical assistance, and development projects in various sectors such as agriculture, healthcare, education, and infrastructure.
• Multilateral Engagements: India actively collaborates with other nations to find collective solutions to issues like climate change, sustainable development, peacekeeping, and poverty eradication. India’s engagement in forums such as the United Nations, G20, BRICS, and regional organizations like SAARC and ASEAN reflects its commitment to multilateralism and working towards common goals.
• Peacekeeping Operations: India has consistently been one of the largest contributors to UN peacekeeping missions. Indian peacekeepers have played a crucial role in maintaining peace and stability in conflict-affected regions around the world.
• South-South Cooperation: India actively engages in South-South cooperation, which involves sharing knowledge, experiences, and resources among developing countries. India has partnered with other developing nations to address common challenges, share best practices, and promote mutual growth and development.

What is Pro-Planet People’s Movement?

• Prime Minister Modi’s call for a “pro-planet people’s movement” to combat climate change epitomizes inclusivity in its true essence.
• Aligned with this year’s G20 theme of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam or One Earth, One Family, One Future, India demonstrates its holistic worldview, emphasizing collective efforts for global good.
• Derived from the ancient Sanskrit text, the Maha Upanishad, this theme underscores the interconnectedness and value of all life forms, emphasizing the planet Earth’s broader universe

Inclusivity at the Core of India’s G20 Presidency

• Geographic Representation: India has taken steps to ensure geographic inclusivity by holding G20 meetings in different locations across the country, covering all states and Union Territories.
• African Representation: India has actively invited African nations to participate in its G20 Presidency, demonstrating a commitment to inclusivity and engagement with the African continent. Countries such as South Africa, Comoros (African Union Chair), Nigeria, Egypt, and Mauritius have been invited, giving a strong voice to Africa within the G20 discussions.
• Engagement of Non-G20 Members: India has extended invitations to non-G20 member countries, regional organizations, and international organizations for specific G20 meetings. This initiative enriches the discussions by incorporating perspectives and expertise from a wider range of stakeholders. For example, Norway, known for its expertise in the blue economy, has been invited to contribute to the G20 meeting on ocean health.
• Regional and International Organizations: In line with the inclusive approach, India has invited regional and international organizations to participate in specific G20 meetings. This facilitates dialogue and collaboration with organizations such as the United Nations, World Bank, IMF, and other relevant institutions.
• People-Oriented Approach: India’s G20 Presidency adopts a people-oriented approach, encouraging the active participation and engagement of citizens. Various events, including seminars, conferences, and festivals, have been designed to involve the public and make them stakeholders in India’s G20 Presidency.

Facts for prelims

• India’s G20 presidency embodies the values of inclusivity, ambition, and action. By prioritizing the most vulnerable citizens of the world, India aims to foster human-centric development. In an era of global crises, the significance of upholding the sentiment of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam has never been more crucial. India remains committed to inclusivity, ensuring the participation of all in the path to growth and prosperity.

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Explainer: India G20 presidency 2023: what does it mean and what can we expect

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Reporting by Devjyot Ghoshal; Editing by Simon Cameron-Moore

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Devjyot is chief correspondent for Thailand and Myanmar. Previously, he was a politics and general news correspondent based in New Delhi, where he was part of Reuters teams that won India’s Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Award and the South Asian Journalists Association Award. He is a graduate of Columbia University, King's College London and Loyola College in India.

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G20 Gathering in India: Key Outcomes and Impact of the Summit

India’s first G-20 summit was held in Delhi from 9 – 10 September, 2023 and the Delhi declaration was announced at the end of the leadership summit. It univocally voiced a consensus on the common goal for the future and the challenges that they face. The document includes the pledge made by G-20 leaders, gives recommendations and highlights the key areas that were discussed throughout the year-long G20 meetings. The central idea of the document is ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’, i.e., One Earth, One Family, and the mission LIFE, that has emphasized on bringing a human-centric energy transition that focuses on People, Planet, and Prosperity.

At the G20 leadership summit, member countries collectively represent 85% of the global GDP, hold 75% of the global trade and about two-thirds of the global population. The outcome vision document of India places the spotlight on building, a strong, sustainable, balanced inclusive future, accelerating progress on SDG (sustainable development goals), green development pact, the role of multilateral institutions, technology transfer digital payment infrastructure, gender equality, and theme on the financial sector. 

The summit overcame the geopolitical differences and set the future trajectory for the participating leaders, through the joint statement delivered at the end of the summit in which the members forged a consensus on the language of the contentious Ukraine issue, by reaffirming that G20 is not the platform to resolve geopolitical issues. The declaration received the consensus of all the members as it was delivered without any footnote by the chair, which means that India was able to bring everybody to the same table. 

Some key areas touched upon by India include:

Energy Transition and Security

The G-20 members in the document mentioned the critical role of private enterprises in accelerating growth and driving sustainable economic transformations. In the document, they share their resolve to work with the private sector to create inclusive, sustainable, and resilient global value chains, and support developing countries to move up the value chain. 

In the area of energy transition and security, at the summit, the document presented India’s vision to build partnerships, and global economic cooperation, to implement the 2030 agenda. This envelops India’s goal for a sustainable future that it envisions achieving by bolstering multilateral cooperation and building global consensus on an inclusive economic policy. The G20 grouping also recognizes the importance of building grid connectivity, through a resilient infrastructure for a sustainable future, and the importance of having a low GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emission pathway that India shared through Mission LIFE.    

Biofuel Alliance

India’s success at the leadership summit can be gauged by the green development pact that was signed by the leaders. The pact focuses on cutting global greenhouse gas emissions, a global biofuel alliance, sustainable development, economic challenges, and ending plastic pollution, among others.

India launched the global biofuel alliance as a major green development pact along with other members such as Singapore, Bangladesh, Italy, USA, Brazil, Argentina, Mauritius and UAE. The Global Biofuel Alliance which was launched on 9 September 2023 on the sidelines of the G20 Summit recognizes the importance of sustainable biofuel for India’s zero and low emission. 

Combining biofuel with fuel economy standards would necessitate developing and adopting advanced biofuels through the expansion of compatible vehicles, reinforced blending targets, and appropriate fiscal policies. This could, in the short term, help India slow the emissions growth in its road transport sector while also mitigating oil import dependency. Importantly, this should be combined with sustainability criteria that assess the GHG emissions performance of these advanced fuels and support the use of, for example, domestic waste and residues in the production of such biofuels. 

India’s G20 Target

G-20 members also committed to advancing cooperative initiatives to develop, demonstrate, and deploy clean and sustainable energy technology solutions. At the G-20 summit, India took a pledge to support the presidency’s voluntary High-Level Principles, for Collaboration on Critical Minerals for Energy Transitions. This helps G20 to achieve its target to align its vision for building international partnerships to tackle global issues. They also undertook voluntary action plans to support reliable, diversified, sustainable, and responsible supply chains for energy transitions. 

This initiative includes critical minerals semiconductors and other technologies. Through this, as per the outcome document, India hopes to pursue and encourage efforts to triple renewable energy capacity globally through existing targets and policies, as well as demonstrate similar ambition concerning other zero and low-emission technologies. The target included abatement and removal technologies, in line with national circumstances by 2030. India also appreciates the ongoing efforts such as the Black Sea initiative, initiated by Türkiye to overcome the issue of food insecurity as per the Istanbul agreement to meet the demand of developing countries such as Africa.             

Giving Voice to Global South 

Due to the recent war and environmental catastrophe, supply chain disruption has created food insecurity in developing countries. India addressed this issue through G20, to improve the diplomatic engagement on the issue. India recognized the role of grid interconnectedness, resilient infrastructure, and creating universal access to energy for all.  It has shown a willingness to implement sustainable, clean energy transition through international and national enabling environment. It has emphasized the need to create a low-cost financing system. The G-20 Summit recognizes the unique needs of developing countries due to their different national circumstances. 

The gathering made an indelible mark as it successfully ended with a win for the developing country of the global South. As a forum for economic cooperation, G20 gives developing countries, an opportunity to highlight their concern. Therefore, at the end of the G20, India handed over the presidency to Brazil. Their shared interest in the developing world may allow them to carry the momentum with the presidency. While concluding the G-20 presidency, another breakthrough was made with the addition of Africa’s AU (African Union) as a permanent member of the G20. The summit reaffirmed its support for industrialization in Africa through initiatives aimed at enhancing regional partnerships. This would support industrialization in Africa and other LDCs (Least Developed Countries). This would be beneficial to Africa as the inclusion of AU would help them actualize their goals set under the 2063 agenda. 

India – Middle East Economic Co-operation 

On the sidelines of the G20, India, UAE, France, Germany, Italy, and the USA announced the creation of the India – Middle East Economic Corridor (IMEC) which marks another success for developing countries. It’s another milestone in bringing economic integration between India- the Gulf – and Europe. This shall help to create a ship-to-rail transportation network, thereby completing existing transportation routes. This would enhance the development and export of clean energy, create a link with the energy grid and with the telecommunication lines to connect communities and enable innovation by unlocking the potential for new investment.  

This is the first time India has hosted the G20 summit, and through the summit, India has successfully brought unanimity among the key players on various common goals and the clean energy transition. The presidency gave India an opportunity to achieve something “inclusive, ambitious, action-oriented, and decisive”, through its agenda and including decisions on climate action, which is at the centre of the debate. The summit marked the conclusion of India’s G20 presidency with a consensus on bolstering trade while handing over the presidency to Brazil. This highlights the role of south-south cooperation of developing countries in making progress through multilateralism.

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How India reaffirmed G20 as the world's premier forum for economic cooperation

When India assumed the G20 presidency in December last year, Prime Minister Narendra Modi promised an inclusive, ambitious, action-oriented, and decisive presidency. In January 2023, during the Voice of the Global South Summit, he said India’s presidency would reflect the voice and concerns of the Global South. And India has delivered on those promises.

The G20 New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration (NDLD) promises strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth, recognising the importance of private enterprises—especially micro, small and medium enterprises and start-ups—in driving innovation and employment. The declaration, adopted with full consensus, is a joint statement to the world from the leaders of the member nations.

Policies to support trade and investment and reform the WTO are areas where the leaders have committed to concrete action. India’s G20 presidency has also delivered on both the climate and development agendas. We adopted the G20 Principles on Harnessing Data for Development, and produced an action plan to accelerate SDG progress. The G20 Deccan High-Level Principles (HLPs) on Food Security and Nutrition 2023, along with millets and other ancient grains, will help ensure global food and nutritional security. Also, we formed a Global Initiative on Digital Health (GIDH) and focussed on climate change’s health effects.

By committing to the green development pact for a sustainable future, G20 leaders have committed to pursuing environmentally sustainable and inclusive economic growth. This is also crucial from the perspective of the Global South. We urge all nations to align their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) with the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement. We have also urged countries to set economy-wide GHG reduction targets in their NDC cycles. G20 countries will also contribute to a successful conclusion of the first global stocktaking exercise at COP28, which will drive enhanced climate action. In energy transition, we have agreed to HLPs on hydrogen, collaboration on critical minerals, a global biofuels alliance, and we will pursue efforts to triple renewable energy capacity, among other priorities.

The NDLD drives climate action in an integrated manner, emphasising the importance of healthy ecosystems in addressing climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution. We have delivered a strong message about ending plastic pollution and reaffirmed the crucial role of the circular economy. Leaving India’s imprint of sustainable living on the world, we have also agreed to HLPs on Lifestyles for Sustainable Development, which will contribute to significant emission reductions by 2030.

The tragic loss of lives in Libya is a stark reminder of the impact of climate change. Considering the increased frequency and intensity of climate-related disasters globally, reducing disaster risk and building resilient infrastructure are increasingly becoming crucial. India has catalysed efforts to reduce disaster risk through the institutionalisation of the Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group during its presidency.

The NDLD calls on all the parties to set an ambitious, transparent and trackable New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) of climate finance in 2024 from a floor of $100 billion, and calls for developed countries to at least double their collective provision of adaptation finance from the 2019 levels by 2025. Apart from getting assurances from developed nations that commitments on climate finance will be met and ambitions enhanced, we have also ensured that the discourse on the scale of development and climate finance shifts from billions of dollars to trillions. Key to this will be bigger, better and more effective Multilateral Development Banks. We have recognised that we require an international development finance system that is fit for purpose, including for the scale of need and depth of the shocks facing developing countries.

Informed by our experience of driving socio-economic transformation, India’s model of development is going global. We have all seen the impact digital public infrastructure (DPI) has had in India. Be it digital payments, Co-WIN, DigiLocker, or DBT, technology has reached the last mile, transforming lives. Showcasing this experience has been crucial in building a consensus on a G20 Framework for Systems of DPI, allowing countries across the world to adapt, build and scale DPI. Through the One Future Alliance, low- and middle-income countries will be assisted through capacity building and financial support to build DPIs.

Crucial to the success of the NDLD was reaching a consensus on the geopolitical situation. While recalling the language of the Bali declaration, the text of NDLD goes beyond it to make it stronger. First, we have underscored that all states must act in a manner consistent with the Purposes and Principles of the UN Charter in its entirety, and that all states must refrain from the threat or use of force to seek territorial acquisition against the territorial integrity and sovereignty or political independence of any state. Second, we have also highlighted the human suffering and negative impacts of the war in Ukraine with regard to global food and energy security, supply chains, macro-financial stability, inflation and growth. Third, we have ensured the immediate and unimpeded deliveries of grain, foodstuff, and inputs from Russia and Ukraine, necessary in ensuring food security, especially in the developing world. In the spirit of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, we have also delivered a message of peace.

With the inclusion of the African Union as a full member of the G20, we have added the voices of 55 additional countries to G20, making it more inclusive and representative. Our presidency is the most ambitious on women-led development as well. Additionally, a new working group on women’s empowerment has been finalised during our presidency.

During this year, India has reaffirmed the G20 as the premier forum for global economic co-operation, and reinforced trust in the multilateral system. The NDLD reflects PM Modi’s clarity of vision that India’s G20 presidency must usher in a new era of human-centric globalisation. His guidance, vision, and global standing have been crucial in driving our presidency towards consensus. It has been my honour to be his Sherpa to the G20 during India’s presidency.

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Explained | All about the G20: History of the forum and India’s presidency Premium

G20 members currently account for more than 80% of the world’s gdp, 75% of global trade and 60% of the planet population.

Updated - January 26, 2023 01:31 pm IST

Published - December 07, 2022 12:18 pm IST

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Indonesia’s President Joko Widodo take part in the handover ceremony during the G20 Summit in Nusa Dua, Indonesia, on November 16, 2022. | Photo Credit: AFP/Willy Kurniawan

The story so far: On December 1, India assumed the presidency of the G20 forum, taking over from Indonesia. Prime Minister Narendra Modi called it a “huge opportunity for India” .

“India must utilise the opportunity of G20 leadership by focusing on global good and welfare. Be it peace or unity, sensitivity towards the environment or sustainable development, India has solutions to challenges related to all such things,” he said during his radio show Mann ki Baat .

The G20 comprises Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the U.K., the U.S. and the European Union.

History of G20

The G20 forum was established in 1999 by the finance ministers and central bank governors of seven countries – Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the U.K., and the U.S. after a meeting in Washington DC. The uniting factor was the 1997-98 financial crisis and its aftermath.

The representatives met in Berlin, Germany, for the first annual meeting of the group. The first meeting of G20 leaders took place in 1999, and it was elevated to the level of heads of government/State in 2008. In 2009, G20 was designated the “premier forum for international economic cooperation”.

The forum initially dealt with matters related to macroeconomics, but over the years, its agenda has expanded to cover issues relating to trade, climate change, sustainable development, health, agriculture, energy, environment, climate change, and anti-corruption.

Today, G20 members account for more than 80% of the world’s GDP, 75% of global trade and 60% of the population of the planet.

India as the G20 President-nation

G20 Summit is held annually under a rotating presidency, which currently rests with India for 2023. The group does not have a permanent secretariat, and the presidency is supported by the previous, current, and future holders of the post, together called the troika. Along with India, 2023’s troika includes Indonesia and Brazil.

As the President-nation, India will host the 18th G20 Heads of State and Government Summit in December 2023 in New Delhi. The summit will bring an end to a series of meetings over the course of the year. Tentative host cities for meetings between December 2022 and February 2023 include Bengaluru, Chandigarh, Chennai, Guwahati, Indore, Jodhpur, Khajuraho, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai, Pune, Rann of Kutch, Surat, Thiruvananthapuram, and Udaipur.

India G20 logo and theme

Apart from hosting the summit and setting the theme, the G20 presidency does not come with any formal powers. However, India plans on showcasing its philosophies of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (one earth, one family, one future), and LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) through the theme and the logo of the event. India’s G20 presidency is “striving for just and equitable growth for all in the world, as we navigate through these turbulent times, in a sustainable, holistic, responsible, and inclusive manner,” an official statement said.

India’s presidency also comes as many countries witness inflation and recession trends, compounded by the Russia-Ukraine war and the standoff between the European Union and Russia. The war will complete one year in February 2023.

India’s own problems with China, also a part of the G20 group, pose a potential issue for the effective functioning of the forum. However, Prime Minister Modi’s brief interaction with Chinese President Xi Jinping during the G20 Summit in Indonesia in November 2022 has left experts feeling optimistic about the situation.

How G20 works

Processes under G20 are divided into two parallel tracks – the finance track and the sherpa track. The finance track is led by finance ministers and central bank governors of member nations, who meet throughout the year. Sherpas, who are personal emissaries of leaders, lead the sherpa track. They oversee negotiations all through the year, discussing agenda items for the summit and coordinating the substantive work of the G20.

Working groups designed around specific themes operate within both tracks. These include representatives from relevant ministries of member nations and invited/guest countries too. Various international organisations, like the United Nations, International Monetary Fund, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development also participate in working groups.

This year’s working groups will cover topics like financial inclusion, digital economy, and environment and climate sustainability.

• G20 Summit is held annually under a rotating presidency, which currently rests with India for 2023.
• Today, G20 members account for more than 80% of the world’s GDP, 75% of global trade and 60% of the population of the planet. 
• The G20 forum was established in 1999 by the finance ministers and central bank governors of seven countries – Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the U.K., and the U.S. after a meeting in Washington DC.

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What the G20 Summit success means for India and the world

The summit's declaration will have implications for bilateral ties, india's global influence, and efforts to revive multilateralism..

New Delhi As the Indian Presidency of G20 begins wrapping up, after a weekend which brought the world to Delhi for an extraordinarily successful leaders’ summit, New Delhi can breathe a sigh of relief that all went well. And it can take justifiable pride in its achievements.

The summit and its declaration , as well as the bilateral and plurilateral meetings on the sidelines, reflected Indian foreign policy priorities and the nature of its relationships with key actors. The declaration will also have implications for bilateral ties, particularly with the US, Russia and China , India’s quest to be the voice of the Global South, and efforts to revive reformed multilateralism at a particularly bleak time in the international system.

Also Read: G20 will use a mix of renewable energy, low carbon, and clean tech to achieve carbon neutrality

In his book, The India Way , external affairs minister S Jaishankar wrote: “This is a time for us to engage America, manage China, cultivate Europe, reassure Russia, bring Japan into play, draw neighbours in, extend the neighbourhood, and expand traditional constituencies of support.” On each of these fronts, India succeeded in meeting its objective.

Engaging America

If Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s state visit to the US in June represented a Great Leap Forward, President Joe Biden’s visit to India represented consolidation and deepening of trust. Think of the two visits as a blistering opener setting the stage for a big score, to be followed by a solid middle-order knock to consolidate the innings. This was reflected in cooperation at the global, regional, and bilateral levels.

Also Read: G20 has stood up for Ukraine’s territorial integrity and sovereignty: Blinken

India owes the US a debt for Washington’s flexibility on the text of the Delhi declaration. There is little doubt that Biden, who has arguably been the most committed Democratic president to the India relationship in history, signed off on dropping a specific reference to Russia’s aggression, in the context of UN resolutions, and allowed for a more generic and broader formulation. The Europeans then followed suit, for despite all their bravado, it is the US that has rescued Ukraine from Russian aggression so far. American flexibility also gave India the room to mobilise the Global South and bring collective pressure on Moscow on board. But even beyond Ukraine, the Delhi-DC synergy on multilateral development banks (MDBs) or DC’s acceptance of India’s digital public infrastructure (DPI) as a possible global template or collaboration in the Global Biofuels Alliance shows how India and US want to shape the world together.

On the regional front, the significance of the India-Middle East-Europe corridor announcement cannot be overstated. Yes, the project will take decades to complete. But rarely have such a diverse set of actors, across four regions (North America, the European continent, West Asia and South Asia) collaborated on a project of this scale for common good. Not only can this present a concrete alternative to the predatory model of Chinese infrastructure financing, it can open up tremendous commercial opportunities for India.

And bilaterally, Biden and Modi reviewed the speedy implementation of a range of their agreements signed last June and made a set of new announcements. The GE jet engine and MQ-9B deals are moving along smoothly. Under the initiative on critical and emerging technology (iCET), the space, semiconductor, defence innovation, education, quantum, biotech and telecom collaboration has seen tangible action. All trade disputes between India and the US at WTO now stand resolved. And there are real financial partnerships emerging in the domain of climate.

Put it all together. The summit shows that Delhi and DC are closely engaged. Their friendship is deepening. The collaboration is both public and private. And they are talking about issues way beyond the traditional box of the bilateral relationship.

Reassuring Russia

The weekend also illustrated the complexities that mark the India-Russia relationship, where the public and private, short-term and medium-term, and past and future have to viewed differently.

In terms of the public projection of the relationship, the summit showcased that the old bonds of friendship between Delhi and Moscow persist in the short-term. It is unlikely that any other country would have been able to create a context which offered Russia a face-saver on the international stage, at a time when Moscow has invaded another country.

India, however, ensured that the declaration dropped the specific reference to Russian aggression in the text to accommodate Vladimir Putin’s demand. But in doing so, it won over the space to insert a set of paragraphs that are clear criticisms of Moscow’s positions and actions, from its threat of using nuclear weapons to halting the implementation of the Black Sea Grain deal, from attacking civilians and infrastructure to the second-order consequences of its actions in terms of destabilising the global economic environment, from the violation of territorial integrity and sovereignty of another state to embarking on a war in an era which is not one of war.

But this mix of accommodation and criticism isn’t the story. The story, as Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov’s praise for the Indian presidency on Sunday showed, is that Moscow feels good about what happened in Delhi. If the aim was to reassure Russia of India’s commitment to the relationship, and that Delhi retains its autonomy despite getting closer to the west, India has done that yet again.

This reassurance is needed in the first place because privately, Indian policymakers know that the future of the strategic partnership isn’t as bright and, for its own national security, Delhi has no choice but to diversify its relationship and dependencies. India may or may not say it, but it knows that Moscow was wrong in attacking Kyiv. It knows that Moscow today is weaker, in terms of comprehensive national power, than it was before February 2022. It knows that Moscow’s dependence on Beijing has complicated how India thinks of its foremost security challenge, China. It knows that the Indian military is struggling to meet its requirements because of the dilution in the Russian military-industrial base. And it knows that deeper ties with the rest of Europe are essential.

And if India knows all of this and is acting accordingly, Moscow knows that Delhi knows it. Which is why the actions with medium-term implications have to be distinguished from the posture in the short term. The weekend highlighted both this disconnect but also India’s ability to pursue both tracks simultaneously.

Managing China

The G20 weekend showed the incredible challenge India faces in managing the China relationship and how this will persist. Take three specific forms in which this played out.

The first was Chinese president Xi Jinping’s decision to skip the summit, the first time he was absent from a G20 gathering since taking over. For the Indian political leadership, in terms of domestic optics, this was probably a good thing, for a Modi-Xi handshake or a Modi-Xi bilateral meeting may well have invited criticism from the Opposition, which would have alleged this was a sign of India’s weakness given the situation at the border. But in terms of strategic signals, it was yet another sign that China’s political leadership wanted to steer clear of seeming to endorse India’s success on the global high table or even, it appeared before the summit, block it. It is also a possible warning that things aren’t going to get better and may even get worse at the border.

The second was the Chinese stance during the negotiations on the text. While backing Russia on Ukraine, it did support the other elements of the outcomes at the ministerials. But it stepped up its obstructionism in recent weeks on a range of other items, in a clear attempt to unsettle the Indian side. Delhi figured that the only way to get Beijing on board was by creating a situation where China would either have to be the last one standing resisting a common text or come on board due to the risk of being seen as isolated and as a spoiler. Through adroit diplomacy, including by convincing Moscow and mobilising the Global South in its favour, Delhi did that. Beijing shed its resistance.

The third form this took was in specific geopolitical actions which weren’t directly related to China but will impact the Delhi-Beijing bilateral axis. In the past, Indian policymakers have been cautious in being seen as moving too close to the West for the fear of China interpreting it as an aggressive move directed at it. But Beijing helped resolve that dilemma for Delhi with its aggression. India is now clear that it will do what is in its interest with the US, irrespective of how Beijing may interpret it. Both Quad, for which Biden may visit India again next January, and intensified engagement with the US in West Asia through the infrastructure corridor, are instances of this approach.

Put it together, and the big takeaway from the episode is that India-China ties are fragile and will remain so. But given the asymmetries of power, India needs time to strengthen its capabilities. It also needed China to play ball on a set of multilateral issues. And therefore it managed China, without any illusion that this management is anything close to a resolution of the structural issues that haunt the relationship.

Traditional constituencies

Finally, this weekend illustrated how India is bringing its neighbours in (think of how Bangladesh was a guest country at G20 and got an unprecedented networking opportunity with the world’s political elite); working in the extended neighbourhood (the infra corridor with the UAE and Saudi Arabia reflects this); and expanding its transitional constituencies of support (think of the entire discourse around the Global South).

Of these dimensions, the return of the Global South was the most prominent takeaway from the weekend. There is a view which sees this as a return to the old anti-West, third-worldism rhetoric that dominated Indian foreign policy for long. But India’s current approach is different because it is based on using New Delhi’s unique position in the global hierarchy to bridge the divide between West/North and the South. And this took four specific forms over the weekend.

The first was the inclusion of African Union (AU) in G20. Think about it. The world’s premier forum for international economic cooperation had a single African member: South Africa. Few data points illustrate the inequities in the global power structure better than this shocking lack of representation of an entire continent. While there had been discussions of bringing in AU, the fact that this happened under the Indian Presidency will now be etched in history books. And the western bloc fully supported the initiative.

The second was the inclusion of the most pressing concerns of the Global South in the text. Think of food security and there is a demand to implement the Black Sea Grain Initiative which has been so critical to meeting requirements in Africa. Think of climate and there is a clear recognition that the crisis is here, the world is failing to meet temperature goals, but that it is according to common but differentiated responsibilities that the crisis needs to be managed. The declaration even has a figure in terms of financing requirements for the developing world to meet emission targets. Think of sustainable development goals and the setbacks in recent years in meeting these goals, and there is talk of a new road map with adequate financing needed to achieve them. Think of the acceptance of the idea of DPI and financial inclusion, which will help the poorest citizens in the poorest parts of the world. Every section of the declaration is imbued with a spirit of inclusion of the most marginalised voices in the international order.

And finally, the idea of reform of multilateral development banks (MDBs) has to be seen in the context of India prioritising the Global South. It used its presidency to make clear to the West that the expansion in the mandate of the World Bank to include battling the climate crisis cannot happen at the cost of the aims of ending extreme poverty. It pushed for newer ways to mobilise finances to enable MDBs to meet these expanded goals.

Put all this together, and it’s clear that India is now not just at the high table, but actually shaping conversations on the concerns of the Global South and finding ways to address them in specific ways, not in opposition to the West but in conjunction with the West. No picture illustrated this better than the one that had the leaders of India, South Africa, Brazil , US and World Bank together. There was of course a strategic subtext to this. China’s hopes of becoming the champion of the Global South will not go uncontested — and India will compete on its own terms and with its own partners, but while listening carefully to what its partners want.

From the bilateral to the global, India had its best foreign policy weekend ever in Delhi. But in geopolitics, there is no full stop. What has happened will inaugurate a new chapter as India navigates the next set of challenges in the global order. The experience, however, must have made policymakers both more confident in their skills – and acutely conscious of the challenges that lie ahead.

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India’s G20 Presidency: An Opportunity to Steer the World Toward Inclusive and Sustainable Growth

As a leading development partner of India, ADB is supporting India’s G20 Presidency on these key priorities: supporting cities as engines of economic growth, clean energy transition, and shaping a global health agenda.

Article | 19 June 2023 Read time: 6 mins

Share this page, key takeaways.

•   India’s theme for its G20 Presidency, “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” (One Earth - One Family - One Future) is aiming to build unanimity to address global challenges collectively and effectively.
•   As a leading development partner of India, ADB is supporting India’s G20 Presidency on its key priorities: supporting cities as engines of economic growth, clean energy transition, and shaping a global health agenda.
•   India has an important opportunity during its G20 Presidency to establish a legacy of success across these critical challenges and it has friends that it can rely on for support.

India’s G20 Presidency this year presents an exceptional opportunity for the country to spearhead a collective approach to tackle multiple, complex, and interconnected challenges, while placing, front and center, the aspirations and needs of the developing world.

The COVID-19 pandemic, supply chain disruptions, climate change, food and energy security risks, geopolitical tensions, inflation, and a looming debt crisis all contribute to economic slowdown and uncertainty in global economic growth.

  India has set “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” or “One Earth - One Family - One Future” as the theme for its G20 Presidency, rightly aiming to instill a sense of unanimity essential for addressing these global challenges collectively and effectively. Prime Minister Narendra Modi further envisions India’s G20 agenda to be “inclusive, ambitious, action-oriented, and decisive.” India’s successes and experiences are critical to tailoring global solutions.

The adverse impact of climate change requires an urgent just transition to clean energy.

Cities need enhanced capacities of urban planning, municipal finance, technologies, and governance and private sector engagement to provide integrated solutions.

India's g20 priorities.

India has identified a wide array of cutting-edge priorities that are being deliberated by various G20 working groups, to help address the key challenges we face and to plan for a better future. Let me highlight three of them.

The first agenda relates to financing tomorrow’s cities and establishing them as the foremost engines of economic growth. While cities generate over 80% of global gross domestic product, unplanned and rapid urbanization constrain their economic potential. It is estimated that by 2050, nearly twice as many people will live in cities. To sustain their economic potential, cities need to become more livable through upgraded infrastructure and services, such as reliable water, transport, power, waste management, and affordable housing.

Cities must also be nurtured as hubs for entrepreneurship, jobs, and skill development. This requires massive investments in smart, sustainable, and resilient urban infrastructure. Globally, roughly $5.5 trillion needs to be invested in urban infrastructure annually over the next 15 years. The private sector is an important partner in these needed investments. The G20 platform could be used to mobilize international support to bridge this financing need.

The second agenda where India can lead the way is in energy transition. Enabling an orderly and just transition from carbon-intensive energy to renewable energy would not only help combat climate change, but also help bolster energy security, raise economic productivity and create jobs, improve environmental outcomes, and prune health costs. In other words, decarbonization is development.

Today, India is the world’s third-largest producer of renewable energy, with further expansion underway. India’s success in scaling up solar energy, along with recently announced programs such as the National Hydrogen Mission , Production-Linked Incentives for electric vehicles and the manufacture of solar technologies and battery energy storage, and incentive mechanisms for supporting offshore wind, all allow the country to lead by example and drive global collaboration to reduce the cost of achieving net-zero emission.

  India has made efforts for the G20 to focus on the need to expand and diversify critical minerals and renewable energy supply chains for economies to secure uninterrupted and affordable access to renewable energy and energy storage, both prerequisites for the overall transition to net-zero emission.

The third agenda relates to health care. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the compelling need for a united global approach to fortify health systems to effectively address emerging health crises. India’s G20 Presidency is a medium of change towards more resilient, responsive, and sustainable health systems and to advance previously established G20 pandemic preparedness efforts.

G20 can help shape a global health agenda focused on ensuring universal, affordable, and quality health services. Giving priority to enhancing health emergency prevention and preparedness (with focus on One Health and linkages between climate change and health), strengthening cooperation in the pharmaceutical sector, and leveraging digital health innovations and solutions to aid universal health coverage, is critical.   India can lend its experience in framing a successful national digital health architecture through supportive regulatory environment, private-public partnerships, and digital health interventions such as CoWIN and National Digital Health Mission.

ADB's support for India's G20 presidency

  As a leading development partner of India, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) is supporting India’s G20 Presidency on these key priorities. To transform Indian cities into “Cities of Tomorrow”, ADB will assist in “Creating Investable Cities” that can mainstream climate resilience; leverage mobilization of resources such as municipal bonds, innovative climate finance, and new sources of revenue through appropriate urban planning and transit-oriented development ; and mobilize much-needed private sector investments.

ADB is mainstreaming just energy transition within all of its operations. It will work with the government and large financial intermediaries in establishing pools of low-cost finance to fund residential solar rooftop, electric vehicles, and energy storage investments. In partnership with the International Solar Alliance , ADB is supporting the government in developing a virtual Center of Excellence on Green Hydrogen.

ADB is discussing the development of a Climate and Health Hub (CHH) to galvanize local, regional, and global climate and health actions under India’s G20 Presidency. ADB supports the G20 Presidency’s Global Initiative on Digital Health and in transforming the National Centre for Disease Control into a Regional Center for Disease Control with global reach.

India has an important opportunity during its G20 Presidency to establish a legacy of success across these critical challenges and it has friends that it can rely on for support.

This article was written by Takeo Konishi, Country Director, India Resident Mission, ADB

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India’s G20 Presidency as a Watershed moment

• India will hold the presidency till 30th November 2023 .
• India’s theme as stated by the Prime Minister is — “One Earth, One Family, One Future” .

More About The News

• The Prime Minister had described India’s agenda at the G-20 as “ inclusive, ambitious, action-oriented”.
• He added, “During our G-20 Presidency, we shall present India’s experiences, learnings and models as possible templates for others, particularly the developing world. 
• The G20 summit would be qualitatively different from any of the previous multilateral summits that India has hosted. 
• In that sense, the G-20 summit would be the first of its kind in Indian history.
• To promote harmony within the human family, we will seek to depoliticise the global supply of food, fertilisers and medical products, so that geopolitical tensions do not lead to humanitarian crises.

What can India share with the World during its G20 Presidency?

• The G20 presidency is an opportunity to present the diversity that is India to the outside world. 
• For the world, the Indian public goods delivery mechanism, at a billion-plus scale, has set a new template. 
• The management of the economy by India during the pandemic has been extraordinarily prudent with prescient decision-making.
• The assertion of its national interest is also markedly different from the “glory” days of Non-Aligned Movement.
• G20 can act as a forum to exchange experiences on societal benefits and growth as complementary goals would lead to fresh thinking on employment and environment.
• India has its own initiatives like “LiFE Movement” & “The One Sun One World One Grid” to offer to the world.
• From scaling up of a seamless digital payment model built on the public digital infrastructure (UPI) to the unique digital identity , and from the successful financial inclusion model of the bottom quintile to the seamless transition to green energy , India now has many models to showcase, particularly for the developing world.

Global Challenges, Opportunities & Way Ahead

• First and the most pressing is the in-your-face Russia–Ukraine conflict .
• The second challenge is of rising prices , particularly of food .
• Russia is teaching the world that while sanctions against it could impact its economy in the future, in the short term, these sanctions are failing. 
• As rising food and energy prices lead to inflation, the fourth challenge is the manner in which countries are attempting to fix the problem . 
• The fifth challenge is the threat of stagflation .
• The sectors of significant importance would be ranging from energy, agriculture, trade, digital economy, health and environment to employment, tourism, anti-corruption and women empowerment , including in focus areas that impact the most vulnerable and disadvantaged . 

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Home » International Relations » Important International Institutions, Agencies and Further Structure, Mandate etc., » G20

• The G20 or Group of Twenty is an intergovernmental forum comprising 19 countries and the European Union (EU)
• The G20 is composed of most of the world’s largest economies , including both industrialized and developing nations , and accounts for around 90% of gross world product (GWP), 75–80% of international trade , two-thirds of the global population , and roughly half the world’s land area
• The G20 was founded in 1999 in response to several world economic crises
• Since 2008, it has convened at least once a year, with summits involving each member’s head of government or state, finance minister, foreign minister, and other high-ranking officials; the EU is represented by the European Commission and the European Central Bank
• To decide which member nation gets to chair the G20 leaders’ meeting for a given year, all members, except the European Union, are assigned to one of five different groupings
• All countries within a group are eligible to take over the G20 Presidency when it is their group’s turn. Therefore, the states within the relevant group need to negotiate among themselves to select the next G20 President
• The G20 operates without a permanent secretariat or staff
• The incumbent chair establishes a temporary secretariat for the duration of its term, which coordinates the group’s work and organizes its meetings
• The 2023 and 2024 summits will be hosted by India and Brazil respectively
• In addition to these 20 members, the chief executive officers of several other international forums and institutions participate in meetings of the G20
• The initial G20 agenda, focused on the sustainability of sovereign debt and global financial stability in an inclusive format that would bring in the largest developing economies as equal partners
• Further, the recurring themes covered by G20 summit participants have related in priority to global economic growth, international trade and financial market regulation
• After the adoption of the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015, more “issues of global significance” were added to the G20 agenda, which include migration, digitisation, employment, healthcare, the economic empowerment of women and development aid

G20 and India

• India’s participation in the G20 process stems from the realization that as a major developing economy India has a vital stake in the stability of the international economic and financial system.
• the need to bring in greater inclusivity in the financial system
• to avoiding protectionist tendencies and
• for ensuring that growth prospects of developing countries do not suffer
• International action on terrorism is the need of the hour as the roots of terrorism may be in some other country; the conspiracy could be hatched in some third country, and the actual target maybe another country like India.
• It, therefore, requires global action , particularly regarding the money that flows into terrorist network from different parts of the world
• G20 grouping can be leveraged with countries facing similar issues, to tackle the threats from Terrorism
• India reiterated this in the Osaka Summit as well
• India has proposed this idea and sought cooperation from other G20 countries as well
• Also, this proposal has been received quite well by other member countries as well
• Global taxation is another issue for G20 to deal with.
• Going further, this framework needs to be strengthened to deal with challenges from spread of Global Supply chains and expanding E-Commerce
• Innovations in digital technologies are rapid and spreading faster across the world
• Although the benefits of digital technologies for economic growth and social development are well-known, there are certain issues such as privacy, data security and digital governance which are to be properly understood
• Hence, India is working with these countries to tackle the vulnerabilities, and ethical issues arising out of such technologies

G20 and India: Going forward

• Specifically, it must use its presidency to address the growing protectionism around digital technologies.
• A lack of trust that private data of citizens will be adequately protected by foreign entities, and
• large digital divides which have skewed the benefits of digitalisation towards a few nations
• Further, learning from the experiences of G20, India should propose a working group to discuss cross-border flows of health data and adequacy requirements for telemedicine
• The ‘digital twins’ initiative will bridge infrastructure gaps across member states and erase any readiness-related obstructions
• During its presidency, India could propose to expand the scope of open government data principles beyond the realm of anti-corruption.
• They can emphasise on the creation of a standardised, interoperable, integrated cloud framework to enable the seamless sharing of data available with different levels of government.
• This unified framework could help administrations arrive at policy decisions based on evidence and verifiable data.
• Thus, the broad contours of the country’s tenure are in place but its success depends entirely on India’s ability to demonstrate its status as an inclusive, responsible, and mature digital powerhouse

G20: Challenges and Way Forward

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G20 and its Significance – Explained, pointwise

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• 1 What is G-20?
• 2 Historical Background
• 3 Structure of G-20
• 4      Troika of G-20
• 5 What is the importance/significance of G-20?
• 6 Significance of G-20 presidency for India
• 7 What should be the way forward for G-20 group?

India is set to host the 18th G20 summit  in September 2023 at the Bharat Mandapam International Exhibition-Convention Centre (IECC) New Delhi. This is the first G20 summit  to be  held in India as well as in South Asia .

The 18th G20 Summit  in New Delhi will be a culmination  of all the G20 processes and   meetings held throughout the year among ministers, senior officials, and civil societies. These meetings were held in different cities of India to showcase India’s cultural and regional diversity at a global stage .

Read More-   From Magna Carta to Ashtadhyayi: artefacts to grace G-20 corridor

What is G-20?

The G20 or Group of 20 is an intergovernmental forum  comprising 19 countries  and the  European Union (EU).  It works to address major issues  related to the global economy, such as international financial stability, climate change mitigation and sustainable development.

Members of G-20- The Group of G20 (G20) comprises Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union.

Countries in light blue are represented through the membership of the EU.

In addition to these member countries, the G20 each year invites guest countries and international organisations such as the United Nations, World Bank, IMF, OECD, ASEAN etc. to participate in its meetings.

  Features of G-20-

These members account for around 85% of the world GDP , 75% of the total international trade and two-thirds of the global population .

The G20 is composed of most of the world’s largest economies  including both industrialised and developing nations.

1999 Formation G-20 group was founded in 1997) as a forum for the  to 2008 Elevation to Leader’s Level After the  G-20 was from the Finance ministers and central bank governor’s level.   2009 Declaration of G-20 as the “ ” In 2009 G-20 was declared as the premier forum for forum for international economic cooperation. The G20 Leaders have met on a since then and the G20 has emerged as the  for .   Structure of G-20 G-20 does not have a charter or secretariat -The G-20 presidency is supported by the Troika , which includes the previous, current, and incoming presidencies . The G20 Presidency hosts the Summit and directs the agenda for a calendar year.       Troika of G-20 While the head of states meet once a year, G-20 agenda is pursued by  which conduct regular meetings throughout the year. The Sherpas of member countries are the  They , discuss the agenda for the Summit and coordinate the substantive work of G20. They    such as agriculture, anti-corruption, climate, digital economy, education, employment, energy, environment, health, tourism, trade and investment.   It is headed by the Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, who with two meetings being held on the sidelines of World Bank /International Monetary Fund meetings.   They  such as global economy, infrastructure, financial regulation, financial inclusion, international financial architecture, and international taxation. Objectives of G-20- Following are the objectives of G-20: (a) Policy coordination between its members in order to achieve global economic stability, sustainable growth (b) Promote financial regulations that reduce risks and prevent future financial crises (c) Create a new international financial architecture.    (d) Develop common vision to tackle challenges like climate change, environment sustainability, corruption and energy crisis. · Green Development, Climate Finance & Lifestyle for Environment (LiFE) · Accelerated, Inclusive & Resilient Growth · Accelerating progress on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) · Technological Transformation & Digital Public Infrastructure · Multilateral Institutions for the 21st century · Women-led development What is the importance/significance of G-20? Geopolitical significance. Greater representation to developing countries- It is a more representative  grouping in comparison to  groupings like G7  which comprised only industrialized economies and ignored the interests of the global south . Global balance of power- G20 promotes a more equitable distribution of power  among developed and developing countries than the earlier formed blocs such as G-7 and P-5 (UNSC) which helps to maintain a balance of power at the global level. Opportunity to undertake bilateral meetings- It offers an opportunity to undertake bilateral or trilateral meetings  with leaders of 20 countries on the sidelines of G20 summits. E.g., Indonesia G-20 provided meeting for India-China summit. Bringing adversaries on a common platform- The importance of the G20 lies in its ability to bring together countries with different ideologies, political systems, and economic interests  onto a common platform to discuss and address global economic issues. E.g.- India & China, US & Russia. Economic Significance More economic heft as a grouping- While the share of G7 countries in the global economy has been falling, G20’s share has been largely consistent . The group carries more economic heft and hence it’s discussions on financial and macro-economic policies influence the decisions of Bretton Woods institutions. Source: Council on Foreign Relations Tackling financial crises effecting global economy- G20 has played a critical role in responding to economic crises such as the 2008 global financial crisis ,  the Eurozone debt crisis , and the COVID-19 pandemic . Economic relief during recession induced due to COVID – G20 countries agreed to suspend debt payments owed to them by some of the world’s poorest countries providing billions of dollars in relief to countries during COVID-19. Social Significance Widening areas of cooperation: The agenda of the G20 has been expanding from a broad macroeconomic policy to more socio-environment area of cooperation. G20 summit in Hangzhou (China) 2016 Convergence of the US and China on the   G-20 summit in Argentina, 2018 Focused on G-20 summit in Germany, 2021 Issues regarding .   G20 summit in Bali (Indonesia), 2022 Focused on aid,Food security (Black Sea Grains Initiative) and Addressing climate change : G20 has recognised the threat of climate change and has taken some initiatives to address it in the field of energy efficiency and renewables; adoption of advanced and clean technologies; resilient infrastructure ; tackling environmental challenges like biodiversity loss; adoption of the Circular Carbon Economy  etc. Vaccination during COVID-19- G20 leaders pledged to help vaccinate 70% of the world’s population by mid-2022. : G20 presidency will provide a platform for India to engage with other major powers including the India has become the voice of the erstwhile sidelined Global South by holding the and . It will help India further strengthen its economic ties with other G20 members as India is the fastest growing economy of the world. As the world grapples with the challenge of climate change, India’s presidency can help set the tone for global cooperation on this issue.E.g. India’s presidency will focus on issues such as  which will have its spill over effect on Indian inclusive development.   What are the Challenges faced by G-20? Structural Challenges Informal structure of G20- G-20 has no permanent secretariat. The agenda changes every year according to the priorities of the presiding nation. According to critics G20 basically is an extension of the G7. Limited membership- The G20 only includes 19 countries and the European Union which means that other important economies like the African Union (AU) are not included. Expanding the membership could help to ensure that the group is more representative of the global economy. Non-binding decisions – Member countries are not legally bound to implement the decisions made at G20 meetings. For example, the G20 countries had agreed to a set of guidelines for preventing the financing of terrorism but there is  no mechanism to enforce compliance with these guidelines. G20 declarations are not legally binding. Geopolitical Challenges Rising Geopolitical Rifts – The world economy is struggling with  geopolitical rifts  such as the tensions between the US and China the two biggest economies in the world, the decline in trade between the UK and the euro area in the wake of the Brexit decision and sanctions on Russia. Russia-Ukraine Crisis – This is currently the biggest roadblock  impairing functioning as the U.S and its allies are not willing to sit on the same table with Russia and its allies. This may cause a severe stalemate  in the grouping’s functioning and impair its progress. Influences decision-making of smaller countries- The smaller countries  have to implement the declarations and commitments agreed by G20 nations for their growth. E.g., the G20 nations agreed to end international financing for coal power plants.  So, a small nation cannot get any finance from G20 nations for a new coal power plant and must use its own limited financial resources or phase out coal and look for other alternatives. Under representation of Africa-  None of the African nations is a member of the G20 except for South Africa. Economic Challenges Rising Protectionism:  G-20 is facing a credibility crisis due to deglobalisation and rising protectionism . Countries around the world are choosing to be ‘G-zero’  over the G7, G20, BRICS, P5 (UNSC Permanent Members) and others. Slowing down of Major Economies of G-20- China, one of the major engines for global growth, is witnessing a sharp slowdown as it struggles with a real estate crisis . US and UK are also facing recession. Rising Inflation- In response to high inflation central banks across countries have raised interest rates which in turn have dampened economic activity further. Read More- Multilateral reforms as a priority in the G-20 What should be the way forward for G-20 group? Formalization of G20 – The G20 must include objectives, vision and mission statements , a permanent secretariat and staff to oversee commitments and ensure continuity in the agenda. Make it more representative – G20 must make itself more representative by expanding membership. It must include African Union (AU). Tax rate rationalisation to avoid protectionism- Rationalizing the direct-indirect tax structure in member nations and ensuring a parity in credit requirements shall ensure a more competitive market structure with easier entry and exit of firms Bridging powers between the East and West- G-20 can act as bridging powers between the East and West. The global economic disruption caused by Western economic sanctions and the ongoing boycott of Russia in global economic forums need initiatives from the countries like India, Indonesia and South Africa in G-20. This will bridge out the differences. Focus more on domestic commitments- G20 Nations should phase out domestic coal consumption. This will create a significant impact as G20 nations represent more than 75%  of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions Global Financial Transaction Tax  which was a consideration by the G20 in 2011 needs to be revived which can be used to fund green technology projects in Least Developed Countries. Public health should be made a key agenda especially after the deadly impact of COVID-19. Read More- The G-20 can be the UN Security Council alternative Type your email… Search Articles Prelims 2024 current affairs. 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It talks about the global governance systems and issues related to it. For Prelims: SDGs, G20 , GDP , G-7 , Mission LiFE , COVID-19 Pandemic , Financial Stability Board , Paris Agreement For Mains : Significance of Local Governance in Global Governance The world is facing multiple crises of climate change, socio-economic inequality, poverty, and conflict. The current model of economic growth is not equitable. Mere economic growth will not solve the world’s problems; it needs to be sustainable and equitable too. The G20, which represents 80% of the world’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and 2/3rd of the global population , is one of the most influential forum for global governance. However, it is at an impasse because the US wants its members to shut out Russia and China who it sees as obstacles in its personal gains. . India, as the chair of the G20, is not easily swayed by pressure from the G-7 and wants the G20 to concentrate on the agenda of 90% of humanity outside the G-7. India, as chair of the G20, has offered a vision of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (One Earth, One Family, One Future) to bring all citizens of the world together and make the world better for everyone. India has also proposed an approach of LiFE (lifestyles for sustainable development) to the G20. It requires “coherent actions amongst stakeholders at all levels rooted in collective actions across society”. It also recognizes and amplifies the role of local communities, local and regional governments and traditional knowledge in supporting sustainable lifestyles. What is the G20's Role in Shaping Global Governance? Economic issues transcend national borders, necessitating coordinated efforts. The G20 acts as a platform for major economies to discuss and align their economic policies, promoting global stability and growth. The G20 accounts for more than 80% of world GDP, 75% of global trade. The G20 emerged as a response to the 2008 financial crisis. Since then, it has played a critical role in crisis management by convening leaders to address immediate challenges and formulate strategies for recovery. In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, G20 leaders held an Extraordinary Virtual Leaders' Summit to coordinate global efforts. They committed to supporting research, ensuring access to medical supplies, and sharing best practices. The G20 aims to enhance the resilience and stability of the global financial system. It has pushed for reforms to financial institutions, regulations, and oversight mechanisms to prevent future crises. The G20's commitment to financial regulation led to the establishment of the Financial Stability Board (FSB), which monitors and makes recommendations about the global financial system. While not its primary mandate, the G20 addresses environmental issues and sustainable development. The group's decisions impact resource allocation, energy policies, and international climate commitments. The G20 can set agendas and influence priorities on a global scale. Its discussions often drive international discourse and guide policies adopted by other international organizations. What are the Challenges of Global Governance? Countries have varied and often conflicting interests and priorities. Balancing these diverse perspectives while seeking common solutions can be immensely challenging. Disagreements over climate change commitments in international agreements like the Paris Agreement showcase how countries' diverse interests hinder reaching common solutions. Global governance requires coordinated action among numerous stakeholders, including governments, international organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the private sector. Unequal distribution of resources, both financial and technological, creates disparities in addressing global challenges. Limited access to Covid-19 vaccines in low-income countries highlighted resource disparities and challenges in providing equitable global public goods. Many global challenges are multifaceted, spanning economic, social, environmental, and political dimensions. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive and integrated approaches that can be difficult to develop and implement. Power imbalances among countries can lead to unequal influence in global governance processes. Unequal representation in global decision-making bodies like the UN Security Council can lead to skewed priorities and resolutions. Environmental issues, including climate change, require global cooperation to mitigate their impact. Disagreements over responsibility, mitigation strategies, and resource allocation hinder effective global responses. The lack of consensus on climate finance commitments and emission reduction targets reflects the difficulty of achieving global cooperation on environmental issues. Short political cycles and domestic pressures within individual countries may lead to decision-making that prioritizes immediate gains over long-term global benefits. This short-term focus can hinder efforts to address complex, gradual challenges. The G20 has a limited membership that excludes many countries and regions, which may undermine its legitimacy and representation. Feud among member countries, some even major economies, also hinders better coordination at global level How Strengthening Local Governance can Strengthen Global Governance? Example: In rural areas, engaging local farmers in adopting climate-smart agriculture practices tailored to their environment boosts agricultural productivity and environmental conservation. Example: Constructing water purification units in remote villages enhances health and hygiene, addressing clean water and health-related SDGs. Promoting transparent decision-making processes involving local citizens, civic organizations, and elected representatives ensures that policies align with community needs, building trust and accountability. Establishing platforms for local and international collaboration, knowledge exchange, and resource-sharing enables communities to collectively address challenges like climate change, poverty, and inequality. How India is Changing the Trajectory of Progress? Promoting a vision of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam that respects diversity and fosters solidarity among nations and peoples. Inspiring other countries to follow its example and learn from its successes and failures. Besides these steps, the Government of India shall empower local communities and local governments to find and implement solutions to their own problems using their own resources and knowledge. How G20 Can Strengthen Global Governance ? The G20 should prioritize collaborative leadership, focusing on setting agendas that reflect the diverse interests of its member nations while also promoting sustainable development, equitable resource distribution, and global stability. Regular dialogues and consultations can ensure that decisions made are inclusive and holistic. This could involve incentivizing green investments , supporting renewable energy adoption , and encouraging circular economy models. Member nations could also collectively commit to carbon neutrality targets and align their energy policies with the Paris Agreement. Building upon its role in crisis management, the G20 should establish a framework for rapid response to global emergencies, whether financial, health-related, or environmental. This framework could involve preemptive planning, information sharing, and coordinated resource allocation to ensure a swift and effective response to crises. Investment in education, healthcare, and infrastructure can empower these countries to actively participate in global governance and contribute to sustainable solutions. The G20 should encourage member nations to empower local communities by devolving decision-making powers and resources. Support for participatory governance, capacity development at the local level, and mechanisms for sharing best practices can enhance the effectiveness of local initiatives in addressing global challenges. Discuss the significance of local governance in global governance. Give examples of how local governance can contribute to solving global problems. UPSC Civil Services Examination Previous Year’s Question (PYQs) Q. In which one of the following groups are all the four countries members of G20? (2020) (a) Argentina, Mexico, South Africa and Turkey (b) Australia, Canada, Malaysia and New Zealand (c) Brazil, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Vietnam (d) Indonesia, Japan, Singapore and South Korea General Studies All Programmes Study Material G20 - Importance, Members, G20 Summit 2023 India Presidency Historical background of g20 summit, g20 countries list, structure and functioning of g20, significance of g20 summit 2023, issues and limitations of g20. Indiarsquos G2O Presidency 2023 G20 UPSC Previous Year Questions Faqs on g20 summit. Prelims: Current events of national and international importance Mains: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests The G20 Summit is an intergovernmental forum for international economic cooperation that shapes and strengthens global economic architecture and related governance. Although the initial focus of the Group of 20 was primarily on global macroeconomic issues and financial stability, which were the reasons for its genesis, its agenda has been broadened to cover concerns like trade, climate change, sustainable development, health, agriculture, energy, environment, anti-corruption, and so on. The current G20 Presidency offers a unique opportunity for India to spearhead a collective approach to address various complex economic challenges of the world as well as putting the aspirations of the developing world to the forefront of the platform. The Group owes its origin to the Financial Crisis in 1997-98 of the Asian Tigers (Countries of East and Southeast Asia), which caused its establishment in 1999. It worked first as a forum for the Central Bank Governors and Finance Ministers of the major industrialised and developing economies to discuss global economic and financial stability. Elevation to Leader’s Level: After the 2008 global financial crisis , it was upgraded to the level of Heads of State or Government when it became clear that crisis coordination would be possible only at the highest political level. In 2009, it was declared as the “premier forum for international economic cooperation”. The G20 Leaders have met on a regular basis since then, and the G20 has emerged as the leading platform for global economic cooperation. G20 comprises 19 countries, namely Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkiye, the United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union . These members account for around 85% of the world GDP, 75% of the total international trade, and two-thirds of the global population. In addition to these member countries, the G20 each year invites guest countries and international organisations such as the United Nations , World Bank, IMF, OECD, ASEAN , etc., to participate in its meetings. The G20 operates on the basis of annual meetings of Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, with a leaders' summit held once a year. The G20 consists of two parallel tracks called the Finance Track and the Sherpa Track . These two tracks play an active role in shaping ideas and priorities for the host presidency while also guiding the intergovernmental negotiations carried out throughout the presidency. They prepare and follow up on the issues and commitments adopted at the Summits. - The Sherpas of member countries are the personal . - They concentrate on such as agriculture, anti-corruption, climate, digital economy, education, employment, energy, environment, health, tourism, trade and investment. - They oversee all the negotiations over the year, discuss the agenda for the Summit and coordinate the substantive work of G20. - It is headed by the , who generally meet four times a year, with two meetings being held on the sidelines of meetings. - Fiscal and Monetary policy issues such as global economy, infrastructure, financial regulation, financial inclusion, international financial architecture, and international taxation. Troika: The G20 does not have a charter or a secretariat. The Presidency is supported by the Troika, which includes the previous, current, and incoming presidencies. The G20 Presidency hosts the Summit and directs the agenda for a calendar year. A non-binding forum: Its decisions are not legally binding, and member countries are not required to implement them. Working with international organisations: The G20 members also work closely with international organisations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization (WTO). The G20 summit in Hangzhou (China), 2016, saw the convergence of the US and China on the Paris Agreement.  The G20 summit in Argentina, 2018 focused on fair and sustainable development. G20 summit in Germany, 2021 focused on the issues regarding money laundering, international tax havens, and corruption.  G20 summit in Bali (Indonesia), 2022 focused on financial stability, humanitarian crisis, poverty, and aid to least developed nations, among other things.  Food security: The leaders promised to work together to address food security issues and praised the Black Sea grains initiative. Promoting gender equality: Recognize the importance of gender equality and commit to promoting it by increasing women's participation in the workforce, reducing the gender pay gap, and improving access to education and healthcare .  Global balance of power: The G20 promotes a more equitable distribution of power among developed and developing countries than the earlier formed blocs such as G-7 and P-5 (UNSC), which helps to maintain a balance of power at the global level.  Bringing adversaries on a common platform: The importance of the G20 lies in its ability to bring together countries with different ideologies, political systems, and economic interests onto a common platform to discuss and address global economic issues. The commitments adopted by the G20 members in the domain of climate change  revolve around the following issues: energy efficiency and renewables; adoption of advanced and clean technologies; resilient infrastructure; tackling environmental challenges like biodiversity loss; adoption of the Circular Carbon Economy etc. Networking and collaboration: The G20 provides an opportunity for leaders from different countries to meet and exchange ideas, strengthening relationships and promoting collaboration on economic issues . Global economic cooperation: The G20 has played a critical role in responding to economic crises such as the 2008 global financial crisis, the Eurozone debt crisis , and the COVID-19 pandemic. While the G20 has played an important role in shaping global economic policies, there are several challenges and limitations to its effectiveness: For example, during the 2008 global financial crisis , the G20 struggled to come up with a coordinated response. There has been friction within the group sometimes regarding the issue of climate change. Further, geopolitical tensions such as the Russia-Ukraine crisis also become the bone of contention in reaching the consensus, as observed in the Bali G20 summit as well as during the current India's G20 presidency . No Permanent Secretariat: The G20 does not have a permanent secretariat, due to which monitoring becomes cumbersome and inefficient as discussions expand. For example, the G20 countries had agreed to a set of guidelines for preventing the financing of terrorism , but there is no mechanism to enforce compliance with these guidelines. Limited membership: The G20 only includes 19 countries and the European Union, which means that other important economies are not included. Expanding the membership could help to ensure that the group is more representative of the global economy . India’s G2O Presidency 2023 India is hosting the G20 Leaders' Summit  2023 for the first time in history, with 43 Heads of Delegation attending the final New Delhi Summit in September 2023 , the most ever in the G20. Amitabh Kant is the G20 Sherpa of India. India is on a mission to create a shared global future with a rules-based order, peace, and just growth for all through its Amrit Kaal initiative . Theme of India’s G20 presidency: “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” or “One Earth - One Family - One Future”. Troika: During the presidency, the Troika would consist of Indonesia, India and Brazil.  Invitees: Other than the members and multilateral institutions, nine countries have been invited - Bangladesh, Netherlands, Oman, Singapore, Nigeria, Spain and the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, and Mauritius. African representation: To make G20 more inclusive, India has proposed to include the African Union as a full-time member. Challenge for India presidency: In its various G20 meetings, India as a host, has been unable to draft a final joint statement acceptable to all members due to Russia-Ukraine tensions. India's G20 Priorities Green Development, Climate Finance and Lifestyle for Environment (LiFE): India's emphasis on combating climate change, with a focus on climate technology and finance, as well as ensuring equitable energy transitions for developing nations. Accelerated, Inclusive & Resilient Growth: Focus on initiatives that could result in structural change, such as: assisting small and medium-sized businesses in international trade, advancing labour rights and welfare, addressing the global skills gap, and constructing inclusive agricultural value chains and food systems. Accelerating progress on SDGs: Recommitment to achieving the goals outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, with an emphasis on addressing the COVID-19 pandemic's effects. Technological Transformation and Digital Public Infrastructure: Encouragement of a human-centric view of technology and increased knowledge exchange in areas like financial inclusion, digital public infrastructure, and tech-enabled development in industries like agriculture and education. Multilateral Institutions for the 21st century: Efforts to reform multilateralism and build a more accountable, inclusive, and representative global order capable of addressing the challenges of the twenty-first century. Women-led Development: In order to promote socio-economic development and the achievement of the SDGs , emphasis should be placed on inclusive growth and development, with a focus on women's empowerment and representation. Significance of India’s G20 Presidency India’s growing economic influence: As the fastest-growing large economy, India’s role in the G20 is critical, and its presidency will help it further strengthen its economic ties with other G20 members. India’s leadership on climate change: India has been a strong advocate for climate action. As the world grapples with the challenge of climate change, India’s presidency can help set the tone for global cooperation on this issue. India’s focus on inclusive growth: By prioritising inclusive growth, India’s presidency will focus on issues such as infrastructure development, job creation, and women’s empowerment. India’s strategic importance: The presidency of the G20 will provide a platform for India to engage with other major powers, including the United States , China , and Russia , on issues of global importance. Becoming the voice of Global South: By holding the meeting of the Global South countries along with G20 meetings, India has become the voice of the erstwhile sidelined Global South. India’s role in quality healthcare: India has played a leading role in ensuring that developing and low-income countries have access to vaccines, financing, and other resources they need to recover from the pandemic. Thus, India can ensure universal, quality, and affordable health services. Question 1: With reference to the “G20 Common Framework”, consider the following statements (UPSC Prelims 2022) It is an initiative endorsed by the G20 together with the Paris Club. It is an initiative to support Low Income Countries with unsustainable debt. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Answer: (c) Question 2: In which one of the following groups are all four countries members of G20? (UPSC Prelims 2020) Argentina, Mexico, South Africa and Turkey Australia, Canada, Malaysia and New Zealand Brazil, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Vietnam Indonesia, Japan, Singapore and South Korea Answer: (a) What is the G20? The Group of Twenty (G20) is an intergovernmental forum comprising 19 countries - Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, United Kingdom and the United States and the European Union. When will India host the G20? India will convene the G20 Leaders' Summit for the first time in 2023, as 43 Heads of Delegations- the largest ever in the G20–will participate in the final New Delhi Summit in September later this year. What is the theme of India's G20 presidency in 2023? India has set “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” or “One Earth - One Family - One Future” as the theme for its G20 Presidency, rightly aiming to instil a sense of unanimity essential for addressing these global challenges collectively and effectively. Where was the first summit of G20 held? The first G20 Summit was held in 2008 in Washington DC (USA). It set the scene for the reforms of global finance. Which international organisation is represented as a single entity within the G20? The European Union (EU) is represented as one entity in the G20. While each member state of the EU is a separate sovereign entity, the EU has a single representation in international organisations such as the G20. Which country will host the G20 summit in 2024? Brazil, for the first time, will host the annual meeting of the heads and prime ministers of the Group of Twenty, the group of the 20 largest economies on the planet, in 2024. © 2024 Vajiram & Ravi. All rights reserved Official Labor Day deals are here: We found up to 82% off at Amazon, Walmart, Kohls, more  Share this — Watch Full Episodes Read With Jenna Inspirational Relationships TODAY Table Newsletters Start TODAY Shop TODAY Awards Citi Concert Series Listen All Day Follow today More Brands On The Show TODAY Plaza Sheetal Devi, paralympian archer, captivates the world with a bull’s-eye in opening round Team India's archer Sheetal Devi introduced herself to the world at the 2024 Paralympics in Paris by way of a perfect bull's-eye. Devi, 17, is one of four armless archers competing at the Paralympics, and the only woman. Team USA's Matt Stutzman, Belgium’s Piotr Van Montagu, Mexico’s Víctor Sardina Viveros do not have arms and use other body parts, like their feet, to load and fire a bow and arrow. Devi has gone viral, with nearly 50 million views in one clip posted to X , for firing a bull’s-eye during the 1/8 elimination round of the women’s individual compound open event. "Oh, what a start for Devi," the announcer said as the crowd roared. Devi thanked the person who posted the clip. "You’re the inspiration of billions of people now," the person responded. "May you always keep shining bright." Responses to the clip have praised Devi, who went on to lose the round by a single point and was unable to advance to the quarterfinal. Devi went on to win bronze along with Rakesh Kumar in the mixed compound archery event on Sept. 2. She has other titles to her name. In 2023, she became the first female armless archer to win a medal at the Para World Championships, Olympics.com reported. She was also a gold medalist in at the Asian Para Games in 2023. "Look how calm she is .. brilliantly done," one user wrote in response to a video of her bull’s-eye. "Sheetal Devi is poetry in motion," another said. "Pure bullseye! Absolutely impressive!!" a third added. Devi was born without fully formed arms due to a rare congenital disorder called phocomelia that leads to underdeveloped limbs, Olympics.com reported. She has been "athletically gifted" since childhood, per Olympics.com. She got into archery following a youth event organized by the Indian Army in 2021. Army coaches saw her "innate athleticism and confidence," the outlet reported. U.S. archer Matt Stutzman, who was born without arms, has been a mentor to Devi, according to Paralympics.org. “I want her to be successful,” Stutzman, who pioneered the technique Devi uses, told Paralympics.org. Stutzman, who is at the 2024 Paralympics, also told the publication archers like Devi make him "OK" with the idea of retirement. “I can retire now and be OK with everything. I’ve done really well, but the fact that we have other armless archers is way more important. It builds archery,” he said. Randi Richardson is a reporter for NBC News' TODAY.com based in Brooklyn. Paralympic runner Jaryd Clifford disqualified due to ‘critical mistake’ before 3rd place finish Frances Tiafoe shouts out Tony Goldwyn at US Open: ‘Me and my girl used to watch “Scandal” all the time’ Pop culture. Who is Taylor Fritz’s girlfriend? What to know about Morgan Riddle South Carolina basketball star Ashlyn Watkins is charged with assault and kidnapping Para archer Jodie Grinham becomes 1st athlete to win Paralympics medal while pregnant Johnny Gaudreau's wife speaks out following his tragic death: 'You were perfect' Ryan Lochte shares video of his recovery 9 months after near-fatal car crash Defending champion Novak Djokovic loses to Alexei Popyrin in U.S. Open I’m a Paralympian. We’re not your ‘inspiration’ — we’re elite athletes ‘Unimaginable tragedy’: NHL star Johnny Gaudreau and brother die in bike accident 172 IMAGES Essay on G20 Summit 10 Lines of G20 Summit 10 lines on G20 Summit India 2023 G20 Summit India / G20 summit essay in English / Paragraph on G20 G20 Essay Competition on ‘My Vision for India’s G20 Presidency’ (PDF) INDIA AND G20: STRENGTHENING AND SHAPING GLOBAL GOVERNANCE VIDEO G20 News Speech on G20 Summit 2023 || G20 Summit essay in english || Paragraph on G20 Summit || Essay 10 lines (essay) on G20 Summit 2023 / Essay on G20 summit in English / G20 summit essay writing #g20 PSI Essay G 20 par nibandh G20 summit in India per essay || g20 summit in India per nibandh || g20 per essay kaise likhen ||g20 COMMENTS Essay on G20 Summit in English: 100, 200 and 500 Words 200 Words Essay on G20 Summit Importance of G20 For India. The G20 is important for India for several reasons: Representation: India is one of the countries represented in the G20, giving it a voice in the international forum for discussing policy issues related to the global economy. This provides India with an opportunity to share its perspectives and opinions on key economic issues and to ... India's G20 Presidency: Embracing Inclusivity, Ambition, and Action June 10, 2023. Prime Minister Narendra Modi's G20 presidency, characterized by the keywords "inclusive, ambitious, and action-oriented," has made substantial progress in delivering on its promise of inclusivity. By prioritizing the basic necessities of life for every citizen, India has exhibited a strong commitment to social security support ... PDF India'S G20 Presidency: a Synopsis INDIA'S G20 PRESIDENCY: A SYNOPSIS. The New Delhi G20 Leaders' Summit held on 9-10 September 2023 brought the deliberations under our G20 Presidency to a successful culmination. With G20 including all P5 countries, and accounting for 85% of global GDP, 75% of world trade and 2/3rdof world population, it was the highest profile international ... India Takes Over Presidency Of G20 India will take over the G20 Presidency on December 1st, 2022. India will host nearly 200 meetings in 32 different sectors at various places all over the nation while it holds the G20 presidency. G20 Theme: "Vasudhaiva Kutumba-Kam," or "One Earth, One Family, One Future," is the focus of India's G20 Presidency. 18th G20 Summit in New Delhi The 18th G20 Summit was held in New Delhi, India on September 9 th and 10 th, 2023. The summit was the first time India hosted the G20 Leaders' Summit. The theme of the summit was "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam", which means "The world is one family". G20 Leaders' New Delhi Declaration achieved unanimous consensus, addressing diverse global issues ... EDITORIAL ANALYSIS : India's G20 Presidency The G20 is an informal group: 19 countries and the European Union, with representatives of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. The G20 Presidency rotates annually: according to a system that ensures a regional balance over time. For the selection of the presidency: 19 countries are divided into 5 groups, each having no more than ... G20 Essay Competition The main objectives of the Essay Competition is: To invite students to share their ideas and visions for India's G20 Presidency. To create awareness and enhance knowledge about India's G20 Presidency. To increase understanding about India's G20 Presidency. To encourage young Indians to relate to different parameters of G20. The Indian G20 Presidency: Taking Stock of Key Outcomes The G20 countries constitute 85 percent of the world's scientific knowledge base. Realizing the need to leverage this large resource base and create an effective platform to facilitate discussion on key scientific areas, the G20 Chief Science Advisers Roundtable was institutionalized through India's G20 presidency. Explainer: India G20 presidency 2023: what does it mean and ... After India, Brazil will take over the presidency of the G20, followed by South Africa in 2025. During its term, India will hold more than 200 meetings across some 50 cities involving ministers ... G20 Gathering in India: Key Outcomes and Impact of the Summit At the G20 leadership summit, member countries collectively represent 85% of the global GDP, hold 75% of the global trade and about two-thirds of the global population. The outcome vision document of India places the spotlight on building, a strong, sustainable, balanced inclusive future, accelerating progress on SDG (sustainable development ... How India reaffirmed G20 as the world's premier forum for economic During its presidency, India reaffirmed the importance of the G20 as the premier forum for global economic co-operation, and reinforced trust in the multilateral system - Issue Date: Nov 12, 2023 Explained G20 Summit is held annually under a rotating presidency, which currently rests with India for 2023. Today, G20 members account for more than 80% of the world's GDP, 75% of global trade and 60% ... What the G20 Summit success means for India and the world Sep 11, 2023 08:14 AM IST. Read this news in brief form. The summit's declaration will have implications for bilateral ties, India's global influence, and efforts to revive multilateralism. New ... India's G20 Presidency: An Opportunity to Steer the World Toward India's G20 Presidency this year presents an exceptional opportunity for the country to spearhead a collective approach to tackle multiple, complex, and interconnected challenges, while placing, front and center, the aspirations and needs of the developing world.. The COVID-19 pandemic, supply chain disruptions, climate change, food and energy security risks, geopolitical tensions, inflation ... The G20 Presidency of India in 2023: Achievements, Challenges, and The G20, a forum of major economies, plays a pivotal role in shaping global governance and responding to pressing global challenges. India, as the presidency holder in 2023, assumed a significant ... India's G20 Presidency as a Watershed moment In News. India has formally assumed the presidency of G20 on December 1, 2022. India will hold the presidency till 30th November 2023. India's theme as stated by the Prime Minister is — "One Earth, One Family, One Future". G-20 diplomacy and a shifting world order This editorial is based on the Article G-20 diplomacy and a shifting world order which was published in The Hindu on 26/09/2023. It talks about the Changing World Order and Challenges because of China's perception about India's G20 presidency. For Prelims: Outcomes of the G20 Summit, India-Middle East-Europe Corridor, Global Biofuel ... G20: A Forum for Developing World The 18th G20 Summit, hosted by New Delhi in September 2023, witnessed a historic expansion of the group with the admission of the African Union (AU) as a permanent member. The AU, a continental body of 55 member states, now has the same status as the European Union, the only regional bloc with full membership.. The move was proposed by India in June 2023 and welcomed by the AU and other G20 ... G20 G20. Introduction. The G20 or Group of Twenty is an intergovernmental forum comprising 19 countries and the European Union (EU) The G20 is composed of most of the world's largest economies, including both industrialized and developing nations, and accounts for around 90% of gross world product (GWP), 75-80% of international trade, two ... G20 and its Significance India is set to host the 18th G20 summit in September 2023 at the Bharat Mandapam International Exhibition-Convention Centre (IECC) New Delhi.This is the first G20 summit to be held in India as well as in South Asia.. The 18th G20 Summit in New Delhi will be a culmination of all the G20 processes and meetings held throughout the year among ministers, senior officials, and civil societies. G20 and Opportunities of Better Global Governance The G20, which represents 80% of the world's GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and 2/3rd of the global population, is one of the most influential forum for global governance. However, it is at an impasse because the US wants its members to shut out Russia and China who it sees as obstacles in its personal gains.. India, as the chair of the G20, is ... G20 India is hosting the G20 Leaders' Summit 2023 for the first time in history, with 43 Heads of Delegation attending the final New Delhi Summit in September 2023, the most ever in the G20. Amitabh Kant is the G20 Sherpa of India. India is on a mission to create a shared global future with a rules-based order, peace, and just growth for all ... Indian Archer Sheetal Devi's Bull's-Eye At Paralympics Goes Viral Team India's archer Sheetal Devi introduced herself to the world at the 2024 Paralympics in Paris by way of a perfect bull's-eye. Devi, 17, is one of four armless archers competing at the ... assignment essay homework phd report resume review speech thesis