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Cramer, Michael | “Blackboard Cinema: Learning from the Pedagogical Art Film” | 2011 | Dudley Andrew; John MacKay |
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Lisi, Leonardo | “Aesthetics of Dependency: Early Modernism and the Struggle against Idealism in Kierkegaard Ibsen, and Henry James” | 2008 | Paul Fry; Pericles Lewis |
Weiner, Allison | “Refusals of Mastery: Ethical Encounters in Henry James and Maurice Blanchot” | 2008 | Wai Chee Dimock; Carol Jacobs |
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Illibruck, Helmut | “Figurations of Nostalgia: From the Pre-Enlightenment to Romanticism and Beyond” | 2007 | Paul Fry |
Kern, Anne Marie | “The Sacred Made Material: Instances of Game and Play in Interwar Europe” | 2007 | Dudley Andrew |
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Chang, Eugene | “Disaster and Hope: A Study of Walter Benjamin and Maurice Blanchot” | 2006 | Shoshana Felman |
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Matz, Aaron | “Satire in the Age of Realism, 1860–1910” | 2005 | Peter Brooks; Ruth Bernard Yeazell |
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Friedman, Daniel | “Pedagogies of Resistance” | 2004 | Shoshana Felman |
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Katsaros, George | “Tragedy, Catharsis, and Reason: An Essay on the Idea of the Tragic” | 2002 | Shoshana Felman |
Mirabile, Michael | “From Inscription to Performance: The Rhetoric of Self-Enclosure in the Modern Novel” | 2002 | Peter Brooks |
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Bateman, Chimène | “Addresses of Desire: Literary Innivation and the Female Destinataire in Medieval and Renaissance Literature” | 2001 | Edwin Duval David Quint |
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Wilson, Emily | “Why Do I Overlive? Greek, Latin and English Tragic Survival” | 2001 | Victor Bers; David Quint |
Lintz, Edward M. | “A Curie for Poetry? Nuclear Disintegration and Gertrude Stein’s Modernist Reception” | 2000 | Michael Holquist; Tyrus Miller |
Anderson, Matthew D. | “Modernity and the Example of Poetry: Readings in Baudelaire, Verlaine and Ashbery” | 1999 | Geoffrey Hartman |
Bernstein, Jonathan | “Parataxis in Heraclitus, Höderlin, Mayakovsky” | 1999 | Benjamin Harshav; Winfried Menninghaus |
Pollard, Tanya L. | “Dangerous Remedies: Poison and Theatre in the English Renaissance” | 1999 | David Quint |
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MacKay, John | “Placing the Lyric: An Essay on Poetry and Community | 1998 | Geoffrey Hartman; Tomas Venclova |
Schuller, Mortiz | “ ‘Watching the Self’: The Mirror of Self-Knowledge in Ancient Literature” | 1998 | Heinrich von Staden; Gordon Williams |
Stark, Jared | “Beyond Words: Suicide and Modern Narrative” | 1998 | Cathy Caruth; Geoffrey Hartman |
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Published on August 6, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.
Comparing and contrasting is an important skill in academic writing . It involves taking two or more subjects and analyzing the differences and similarities between them.
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When should i compare and contrast, making effective comparisons, comparing and contrasting as a brainstorming tool, structuring your comparisons, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about comparing and contrasting.
Many assignments will invite you to make comparisons quite explicitly, as in these prompts.
Some other prompts may not directly ask you to compare and contrast, but present you with a topic where comparing and contrasting could be a good approach.
One way to approach this essay might be to contrast the situation before the Great Depression with the situation during it, to highlight how large a difference it made.
Comparing and contrasting is also used in all kinds of academic contexts where it’s not explicitly prompted. For example, a literature review involves comparing and contrasting different studies on your topic, and an argumentative essay may involve weighing up the pros and cons of different arguments.
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As the name suggests, comparing and contrasting is about identifying both similarities and differences. You might focus on contrasting quite different subjects or comparing subjects with a lot in common—but there must be some grounds for comparison in the first place.
For example, you might contrast French society before and after the French Revolution; you’d likely find many differences, but there would be a valid basis for comparison. However, if you contrasted pre-revolutionary France with Han-dynasty China, your reader might wonder why you chose to compare these two societies.
This is why it’s important to clarify the point of your comparisons by writing a focused thesis statement . Every element of an essay should serve your central argument in some way. Consider what you’re trying to accomplish with any comparisons you make, and be sure to make this clear to the reader.
Comparing and contrasting can be a useful tool to help organize your thoughts before you begin writing any type of academic text. You might use it to compare different theories and approaches you’ve encountered in your preliminary research, for example.
Let’s say your research involves the competing psychological approaches of behaviorism and cognitive psychology. You might make a table to summarize the key differences between them.
Behaviorism | Cognitive psychology |
---|---|
Dominant from the 1920s to the 1950s | Rose to prominence in the 1960s |
Mental processes cannot be empirically studied | Mental processes as focus of study |
Focuses on how thinking is affected by conditioning and environment | Focuses on the cognitive processes themselves |
Or say you’re writing about the major global conflicts of the twentieth century. You might visualize the key similarities and differences in a Venn diagram.
These visualizations wouldn’t make it into your actual writing, so they don’t have to be very formal in terms of phrasing or presentation. The point of comparing and contrasting at this stage is to help you organize and shape your ideas to aid you in structuring your arguments.
When comparing and contrasting in an essay, there are two main ways to structure your comparisons: the alternating method and the block method.
In the alternating method, you structure your text according to what aspect you’re comparing. You cover both your subjects side by side in terms of a specific point of comparison. Your text is structured like this:
Mouse over the example paragraph below to see how this approach works.
One challenge teachers face is identifying and assisting students who are struggling without disrupting the rest of the class. In a traditional classroom environment, the teacher can easily identify when a student is struggling based on their demeanor in class or simply by regularly checking on students during exercises. They can then offer assistance quietly during the exercise or discuss it further after class. Meanwhile, in a Zoom-based class, the lack of physical presence makes it more difficult to pay attention to individual students’ responses and notice frustrations, and there is less flexibility to speak with students privately to offer assistance. In this case, therefore, the traditional classroom environment holds the advantage, although it appears likely that aiding students in a virtual classroom environment will become easier as the technology, and teachers’ familiarity with it, improves.
In the block method, you cover each of the overall subjects you’re comparing in a block. You say everything you have to say about your first subject, then discuss your second subject, making comparisons and contrasts back to the things you’ve already said about the first. Your text is structured like this:
The most commonly cited advantage of distance learning is the flexibility and accessibility it offers. Rather than being required to travel to a specific location every week (and to live near enough to feasibly do so), students can participate from anywhere with an internet connection. This allows not only for a wider geographical spread of students but for the possibility of studying while travelling. However, distance learning presents its own accessibility challenges; not all students have a stable internet connection and a computer or other device with which to participate in online classes, and less technologically literate students and teachers may struggle with the technical aspects of class participation. Furthermore, discomfort and distractions can hinder an individual student’s ability to engage with the class from home, creating divergent learning experiences for different students. Distance learning, then, seems to improve accessibility in some ways while representing a step backwards in others.
Note that these two methods can be combined; these two example paragraphs could both be part of the same essay, but it’s wise to use an essay outline to plan out which approach you’re taking in each paragraph.
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Some essay prompts include the keywords “compare” and/or “contrast.” In these cases, an essay structured around comparing and contrasting is the appropriate response.
Comparing and contrasting is also a useful approach in all kinds of academic writing : You might compare different studies in a literature review , weigh up different arguments in an argumentative essay , or consider different theoretical approaches in a theoretical framework .
Your subjects might be very different or quite similar, but it’s important that there be meaningful grounds for comparison . You can probably describe many differences between a cat and a bicycle, but there isn’t really any connection between them to justify the comparison.
You’ll have to write a thesis statement explaining the central point you want to make in your essay , so be sure to know in advance what connects your subjects and makes them worth comparing.
Comparisons in essays are generally structured in one of two ways:
It’s also possible to combine both methods, for example by writing a full paragraph on each of your topics and then a final paragraph contrasting the two according to a specific metric.
If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.
Caulfield, J. (2023, July 23). Comparing and Contrasting in an Essay | Tips & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/compare-and-contrast/
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This article was co-authored by Christopher Taylor, PhD . Christopher Taylor is an Adjunct Assistant Professor of English at Austin Community College in Texas. He received his PhD in English Literature and Medieval Studies from the University of Texas at Austin in 2014. There are 7 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 1,687,136 times.
Perhaps you have been assigned a comparative essay in class, or need to write a comprehensive comparative report for work. In order to write a stellar comparative essay, you have to start off by picking two subjects that have enough similarities and differences to be compared in a meaningful way, such as two sports teams or two systems of government. Once you have that, then you have to find at least two or three points of comparison and use research, facts, and well-organized paragraphs to impress and captivate your readers. Writing the comparative essay is an important skill that you will use many times throughout your scholastic career.
To write a comparative essay, start by writing an introduction that introduces the 2 subjects you'll be comparing. You should also include your thesis statement in the introduction, which should state what you've concluded based on your comparisons. Next, write the body of your essay so that each paragraph focuses on one point of comparison between your subjects. Finally, write a conclusion that summarizes your main points and draws a larger conclusion about the two things you compared. To learn how to do research for your essay, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No
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Although not everyone would agree, comparing is not always bad. Comparing things can also give you a handful of benefits. For instance, there are times in our life where we feel lost. You may not be getting the job that you want or have the sexy body that you have been aiming for a long time now. Then, you happen to cross path with an old friend of yours, who happened to get the job that you always wanted. This scenario may put your self-esteem down, knowing that this friend got what you want, while you didn’t. Or you can choose to look at your friend as an example that your desire is actually attainable. Come up with a plan to achieve your personal development goal . Perhaps, ask for tips from this person or from the people who inspire you. According to the article posted in brit.co , licensed master social worker and therapist Kimberly Hershenson said that comparing yourself to someone successful can be an excellent self-motivation to work on your goals.
Aside from self-improvement, as a researcher, you should know that comparison is an essential method in scientific studies, such as experimental research and descriptive research . Through this method, you can uncover the relationship between two or more variables of your project in the form of comparative analysis .
Aiming to compare two or more variables of an experiment project, experts usually apply comparative research examples in social sciences to compare countries and cultures across a particular area or the entire world. Despite its proven effectiveness, you should keep it in mind that some states have different disciplines in sharing data. Thus, it would help if you consider the affecting factors in gathering specific information.
In comparing variables, the statistical and mathematical data collection, and analysis that quantitative research methodology naturally uses to uncover the correlational connection of the variables, can be essential. Additionally, since quantitative research requires a specific research question, this method can help you can quickly come up with one particular comparative research question.
The goal of comparative research is drawing a solution out of the similarities and differences between the focused variables. Through non-experimental or qualitative research , you can include this type of research method in your comparative research design.
Know more about comparative research by going over the following examples. You can download these zipped documents in PDF and MS Word formats.
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If you are going to write an essay for a comparative research examples paper, this section is for you. You must know that there are inevitable mistakes that students do in essay writing . To avoid those mistakes, follow the following pointers.
One of the mistakes that students do when writing a comparative essay is comparing the artists instead of artworks. Unless your instructor asked you to write a biographical essay, focus your writing on the works of the artists that you choose.
There is broad coverage of information that you can find on the internet for your project. Some students, however, prefer choosing the images randomly. In doing so, you may not create a successful comparative study. Therefore, we recommend you to discuss your selections with your teacher.
It is common for the students to repeat the ideas that they have listed in the comparison part. Keep it in mind that the spaces for this activity have limitations. Thus, it is crucial to reserve each space for more thoroughly debated ideas.
Unless instructed, it would be practical if you only include a few items(artworks). In this way, you can focus on developing well-argued information for your study.
We get it. You are doing this project because your instructor told you so. However, you can make your study more valuable by understanding the goals of doing the project. Know how you can apply this new learning. You should also know the criteria that your teachers use to assess your output. It will give you a chance to maximize the grade that you can get from this project.
Comparing things is one way to know what to improve in various aspects. Whether you are aiming to attain a personal goal or attempting to find a solution to a certain task, you can accomplish it by knowing how to conduct a comparative study. Use this content as a tool to expand your knowledge about this research methodology .
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A comparative study is a kind of method that analyzes phenomena and then put them together. to find the points of differentiation and similarity (MokhtarianPour, 2016). A comparative perspective ...
Comparative analysis asks writers to make an argument about the relationship between two or more texts. Beyond that, there's a lot of variation, but three overarching kinds of comparative analysis stand out: Subordinate (A → B) or (B → A): Using a theoretical text (as a "lens") to explain a case study or work of art (e.g., how Anthony Jack ...
Although many case studies and guidelines have been published about blended learning, there are only a limited number of studies that compare blended instruction with both traditional and online learning. Most of these comparative studies examine only one course and focus on the relationships between no more than a couple of variables. In order to
Comparative is a concept that derives from the verb "to compare" (the etymology is Latin comparare, derivation of par = equal, with prefix com-, it is a systematic comparison).Comparative studies are investigations to analyze and evaluate, with quantitative and qualitative methods, a phenomenon and/or facts among different areas, subjects, and/or objects to detect similarities and/or ...
To write a good compare-and-contrast paper, you must take your raw data—the similarities and differences you've observed —and make them cohere into a meaningful argument. Here are the five elements required. Frame of Reference. This is the context within which you place the two things you plan to compare and contrast; it is the umbrella ...
Sickness of the Spirit: A Comparative Study of Lu Xun and James Joyce, Liang Meng. PDF. Dryden and the Solution to Domination: Bonds of Love In the Conquest of Granada, Lydia FitzSimons Robins. Theses/Dissertations from 2010 PDF. The Family As the New Collectivity of Belonging In the Fiction of Bharati Mukherjee and Jhumpa Lahiri, Sarbani Bose. PDF
Organize information. It is important to structure your comments for your readers to want to read your comparative analysis. The idea is to make it easy for your readers to navigate your paper and get them to find the information that interests them quickly. 5. End with a conclusion.
Comparative research is a research methodology in the social sciences exemplified in cross-cultural or comparative studies that aims to make comparisons across different countries or cultures.A major problem in comparative research is that the data sets in different countries may define categories differently (for example by using different definitions of poverty) or may not use the same ...
Dissertations in Comparative Literature have taken on vast number of topics and ranged across various languages, literatures, historical periods and theoretical perspectives. The department seeks to help each student craft a unique project and find the resources across the university to support and enrich her chosen field of study ...
ProQuest database providing the electronic equivalent of Dissertation Abstracts International. Beginning with the first U.S. dissertation in 1861, represents the work of authors from North American and European universities on a full range of academic subjects. Indexes and provides access to Georgetown-authored theses and dissertations.
This study examines master of art (MA) theses abstracts written in English in terms of their texual structures. In order to design a comparative study, abstracts are collected from universities (i) with a guideline in Turkey (ii) without a guideline in Turkey and (iii) with a guideline in the USA. 94 abstracts, randomly selected from
You might use it to compare different theories and approaches you've encountered in your preliminary research, for example. Let's say your research involves the competing psychological approaches of behaviorism and cognitive psychology. You might make a table to summarize the key differences between them. Behaviorism. Cognitive psychology.
2. Use a mixed paragraphs method. Address both halves of the comparison in each paragraph. This means that the first paragraph will compare the first aspect of each subject, the second will compare the second, and so on, making sure to always address the subjects in the same order.
3.1.1 Format of a case study. Except to identify the case and the specific type of a case study that shall be implemented, the researchers have to consider if it's wisely to make a single case study, or if it's better to do a multiple case study, for the understanding of the phenomenon.
The Intention of the Spirit: Air, Breath, and Voice in European Poetry and Philosophy. 2021-2022. 'Through the Looking Glass': The Narrative Performance of Anarkali. Indeterminate "Greekness": A Diasporic and Transnational Poetics. Imagined Mothers: The Construction of Italy, Ancient Greece, and Anglo-American Hegemony.
Undergraduate. Undergraduate Research. Honors Theses - Examples. 1. A Carne e a Navalha : Self-Reflective Representation of Marginalized Characters in Brazilian Narrative by Clarice Lispector, Eduardo Coutinho, and Racionias MCs by Corina Ahlswede, 2018. 2. The Travel of Clear Waters: A Case Study on the Afterlife of a Poem by Kaiyu Xu, 2019. 3.
A CAUSAL COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF PROFICIENCY-BASED EDUCATION ON SCHOOL CLIMATE by Kay B. York A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 2017 APPROVED BY: Michelle J. Barthlow, Ed.D., Committee Chair Vance Pickard, Ed.D., Committee Member
A Comparative Study of use of the Library and the Internet as Sources of Information by Graduate Students in the University Of Ghana Abstract This study was conducted to compare Internet use and library use among graduate students. It was based on the assumption that graduate students use the Internet more than the library.
2009 - Present. COLT honors theses are stored in Rauner library - after 2023 please search the digital theses here. 2024. Tiffany Chang, Loving 바리데기: A Traveler's Guide to Anthologizing the 여성 시인. Fabriozio Lopez Cochachi, From History to Memory: Comparative Discourse of Proust's Le Temps Retrouvé and Michelet's Histoire de la ...
With these points in mind, let's take a look at 13 compare and contrast thesis statement examples to get you started with your essay. I've included a broad topic for each thesis statement and divided the lists into general comparisons and literary comparisons. I've also linked each of the topics to a related example essay for extra ...
Aside from self-improvement, as a researcher, you should know that comparison is an essential method in scientific studies, such as experimental research and descriptive research. Through this method, you can uncover the relationship between two or more variables of your project in the form of comparative analysis .
Applicants should submit a pdf of their CHD B.A. Honor thesis to the Undergraduate Preceptor ([email protected]), and should include their name, advisor's name, phone number, and e-mail address on the title page. This application requires one letter of recommendation from the student's advisor, also due by the deadline.