assignment controversy associated with personality and paraphilic disorders

Pardon Our Interruption

As you were browsing something about your browser made us think you were a bot. There are a few reasons this might happen:

• You've disabled JavaScript in your web browser.
• You're a power user moving through this website with super-human speed.
• You've disabled cookies in your web browser.
• A third-party browser plugin, such as Ghostery or NoScript, is preventing JavaScript from running. Additional information is available in this support article .

To regain access, please make sure that cookies and JavaScript are enabled before reloading the page.

An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

• Publications
• Account settings

Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October 2024. Learn More or Try it out now .

• Advanced Search
• Journal List
• Psychiatry Investig
• v.7(1); 2010 Mar

Controversies Surrounding Classification of Personality Disorder

Youl-ri kim.

1 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

2 Centre for Mental Health, Division of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK.

Peter Tyrer

Nowadays, it is apparent that personality disorder is a common condition. Some of the concepts of personality disorder that are currently in use are flawed and need to be revised. The aim of this article is to discuss the controversy created by the uncertainties in the current classification system and to suggest ways forward. In particular, the clinician needs to be aware of the importance of assessing personality abnormality in terms of a severity dimension, and of the ways in which such an abnormality can impact on treatments for other conditions. These changes in the notion of personality disorder are needed as, for the first time, a good evidence base is being established for potential treatments and these will be maximized if we have a classification fit for therapeutic purpose.

Introduction

Personality disorders are quite common, as epidemiological studies suggest that their prevalence varies from 5-13% of the population in the community, 1 but rises to around 30% of primary care attendees 2 to 40-50% of those in secondary care, 3 and between 70-90% of those in tertiary psychiatric services and prisons. 4 , 5 In the last 50 years, there has been increasing recognition that personality disorder can be described and rated reliably, despite the many imperfections in its classification. Nowadays, there is general agreement among personality disorder researchers that a fundamental change is needed in its classification. The aim of this article is to introduce advanced notions of personality disorder. For this purpose, we describe the controversy created by the uncertainties in the classification of personality disorder.

Current Classification of Personality Disorder

Most Korean psychiatric professionals are familiar with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) classification system. 6 Although the International Classification of Disease (ICD) 7 is the world classification, and therefore takes precedence over other classifications, most of the changes made in the classification of personality disorder in the last 30 years have been a direct consequence of the introduction of the third revision of DSM (DSM-III) in 1980. 8 Although the individual diagnostic criteria of personality disorder are very similar in ICD-10 and DSM-IV, there is one fundamental difference between them, which is that the DSM recorded personality disorder as a separate axis of classification (Axis II) from mental state disorders (Axis I). This was quite sound at the time, because personality was considered to be in a completely different domain from that of mental state disorders. The reasons for making the separation are summarized on Table 1 . One of the other reasons for separating personality and mental disorders into separate axes is that the problem of comorbidity becomes much less of a diagnostic problem once this separation is made. Subsequently, it may be appropriate to define a group of 'co-axial syndromes' in which certain Axis I disorders are found in association with Axis II disorders. 9

Differences between Axis I disorders and personality disorders

The current guidelines for the diagnosis of the personality disorder group category in ICD-10 and DSM-IV are shown in Table 2 . In both classifications, the first stage is to decide whether an individual has personality disorder before deciding on his/her classification type. Both classifications are similar in that they have no mechanism for rating the severity of the personality disturbance, which makes it difficult for the clinician to plan and provide treatment.

General diagnostic criteria for a personality disorder (derived from DSM-IV and ICD-10 guideline)

DSM-IV 6 : the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition, ICD-10 7 : the International Classification of Disease, 10th Version

Comorbidity of Personality Disorder with Axis I Disorders

It is becoming increasingly recognized that Axis I disorders do not encompass all syndromes with poor prognoses. The co-occurrence of Axis I disorders and Axis II personality disorder has consistently shown the worst prognosis, often approximating to the sum of the Axis-associated risks and sometimes reaching several times the risk of the Axis I disorder alone. 10 Social impairment is common in patients with mental illness; however, social dysfunction that persists over time is more likely to be a consequence of personality disorder than mental illness. If clinicians were able to diagnose comorbid personality problems comprehensively, they would be able to feel confident about planning their care and predicting the outcomes of the patients with the Axis I disorders they frequently treat.

The studies undertaken to date, although having similar limitations to epidemiological researches, broadly support the conclusion that the outcome in Axis I disorders is poorer when a personality pathology is present. 11 When adolescent personality disorders coexist with Axis I disorders, the long-term prognosis tends to be much worse than that for Axis I disorders only. 10 Other research which longitudinally examined the interaction of personality pathology and major mental illness also supports the poor outcomes in co-morbid personality disordered patients. 12 Cross-sectional data has also suggested that personality disorder is associated with greater dysfunction in those with mental illnesses. 13 Researchers argued that personality disorders should be recognized as risk factors in their own right for long-term dysfunction and distress. 10 Previous studies do not make it clear how personality disorder acts as a diathesis under these conditions. This negative effect of personality dysfunction on the outcome of Axis I disorders may be potentially multifaceted, including such aspects as the lack of treatment directed at the personality pathology or the clinician's perception of these patients as a difficult group to manage. 14

Controversies Surrounding the Classification of Personality Disorder

Controversy 1. is personality disorder best classified as categories or dimensions.

The DSM classification has been used to define the behavioral elements of personality disorder since DSM-III. 8 Although this categorical approach is appropriate for depression and schizophrenia, it is not suitable for personality disorder, due to its heterogeneous description. 15 When all of the operational criteria of personality disorder were assessed carefully, it was found that their distribution was quite unlike that of DSM. 16 The other major problem with classifying personality disorder into categories is that most people with this condition qualify for more than one category. In order for the classification systems themselves to be well integrated and coordinated with basic science research on general personality structure, it is necessary for them to be closely coordinated with the classification of personality disorder in people with normal personality traits. 17 The alternative of a dimensional system views personality as a continuum and, in this system, personality disorder shows the same pattern of distribution as a normal personality. The dimensional system existed before the introduction of DSM-III and has since been revised and reformulated many times, 18 - 21 but is only now beginning to show realistic potential for widespread adoption in clinical psychiatry. Thus, it is realistic to examine both the dimensional and categorical approaches to personality disorders in the current situation, 17 , 20 , 22 and the grading of severity is valuable in practice and also helps to accommodate the large number of patients who are diagnosed with unspecified personality disorders.

Controversy 2. Which personality variables should be assessed in the assessment of personality disorder?

There continues to be some debate as to which personality variables should be assessed to make a diagnosis of personality disorder in the normal/abnormal personality continuum. 19 , 21 , 23 - 26 It would seem to be appropriate in this approach to choose those personality variables more likely to be personal and concerned with functioning, in order to assist in understanding the patient's disabilities and obtain strong clues about them. The difficulties encountered in the diagnosis and study of personality disorder include inconsistencies in assessment across both instruments and raters. The cross-instrument reliability between self-report and interview assessments in personality disorders is remarkably poor (kappa=0.27) 27 and this poor agreement may explain why the research results cannot be replicated, despite the fact that the groups carry the same diagnostic label. The instrument of choice in assessing personality disorder is the structured interview schedules, mainly because their reliability and differing types of validity are superior to those of questionnaires. There are more than 10 personality interview schedules currently in use and more are being developed. 22 , 28 - 30 The earliest is the Personality Assessment Schedule (PAS) developed in 1976 and since revised. 31 PAS identifies 24 dimensions of personality traits/characteristics that were commonly found in personality disorder and determines to what extent they can be grouped together in terms of both their nature and severity. The value of written records describing the patient's attitudes and habitual behavior has rarely been fully appreciated. Additional information derived from the records is almost certainly critical, and this method of assessment is more helpful than other methodologies. 32 A document-derived version drawn from the PAS (the Schedule for Personality Assessment from Notes and Documents: SPAN-DOC) 15 has been developed with a similar underlying structure. The personality traits investigated in SPAN-DOC are classified into 26 dimensions and rated on a nine-point scale, which produces the following categories: sociopathic, explosive, passive-dependent, anankastic, schizoind, sensitive-aggressive, histrionic, asthenic, anxious, paranoid, hypochondriacal, dysthymic, and avoidant. In Table 3 , there is a comparison between the 18 scale items of the Dimensional Assessment of the Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) 33 derived from the 282 self-report items and the 26 traits rated by SPAN-DOC. Despite the fact that they were derived from different sources, there is a high degree of commonality between the two systems that supports the notion that they are measuring the same basic constructs.

Comparison between the 26 traits of SPAN-DOC and the 18 factors of DAPP-BQ

One DAPP dimension (identity problem) has no equivalent in SPAN-DOC. SPAN-DOC 15 : the Schedule for Personality Assessment from Notes and Documents, DAPP-BQ 33 : the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire

Controversy 3. Is diagnosis of personality disorder stable?

Though the definitive feature of personality disorder in the DSM classification is that it is 'pervasive', it now looks as through this definition is incorrect. There is abundant evidence that personality traits are unstable, 34 - 38 and there is also evidence for greater stability of social dysfunction in long-term studies. 36 , 39 Whereas in the past this lack of stability was regarded as a contaminating effect of mental state or a poor assessing instrument, the growing evidence that it seems to be universal has prompted a change of view. Thus, only personality function, rather than disorder, can be accurately assessed at any point in time. In a longitudinal study, all four personality disorders (borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive) showed similar improvements after 2 years, with the highest rate of remission being 61% in schizotypal personality disorder and the lowest 50% in avoidant personality disorder. 37 , 40 However, in studies using a self-rated instrument for dependent personality, dependent personality features showed high stability. 41 There is also evidence from epidemiological studies that cluster A pathology persists into older age. 42

Fortunately, a consistent finding from studies on the treatment of personality disorder is that, both in the short and longer term, those patients who present themselves for the treatment of their personality disorders show a steady improvement. 34 , 36 , 37 , 43 - 45 This improvement is generally greater for those with borderline personality disorder than for those with other disorders.

Controversy 4. Can personality disorder be graded by severity?

It has become increasingly clear that some form of severity assessment is necessary to decide on the priorities to use for the management of personality disorder. The notion of severe personality disorder is central to much of the work in the area of forensic psychiatry. What is clear from empirical research studies is that those with more severe personality disorder do not have stronger manifestations of one single disorder as often postulated, 46 but instead their personality disturbance extends across all domains of personality. 46 - 48 Although severity is not normally taken into account when classifying mental illness, it is important in personality disorders, as normal personality and personality disorder are both on the same continuum. Unfortunately, there is no measure of severity for personality disorder in the DSM or ICD classification, and the absence of these measures is of significant concern. Indeed, treatment is justified when it is likely to ameliorate distressing or disabling syndromes, even when the patients fail to meet the full diagnostic criteria of psychiatric disorders and, consequently, the measure of severity is highly relevant to the planning and provision of treatment. A reliable way of assessing personality disorder is to use 3 levels of severity ( Table 4 ). By using this measure of severity, it is possible to use the cluster system to get a measure of severity and this measure is also relevant in assessing those with the most severe personality disorders in forensic psychiatry.

Assessment of severity in personality disorder

Research on Personality Disorder in Korea

Personality disorder is now being accepted as an important condition in mainstream psychiatry throughout the world. Recently, this disorder has become more prominent in the international research literature. 15 In Korea, however, there have been few studies on personality disorder.

We searched for articles on personality disorder in the official journals of the national psychiatric associations covering general psychiatry in the Republic of Korea, United Kingdom, and United States of America, for the quantitative analysis of research on this subject. The selected journals are the Psychiatry Investigation (PI) for the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, the British Journal of Psychiatry (BJP) for the Royal College of Psychiatrists, and the American Journal of Psychiatry (AJP) for the American Psychiatric Association. In addition, we searched for articles on personality disorder originating from Korea published in internationally cited (SCI) psychiatric journals. Articles were searched for using the ISI Web of Science electronic databases and the official websites for each journal in the past 3 years (January 2007 to December 2009), and the search keyword term was PERSONALITY DISORDER. Two of the journals (BJP, AJP) were monthly publications, while the other journal (PI) was published biannually until 2008 and quarterly from 2009. The results revealed that no article concerning personality disorder was to be found in a search of 48 articles in the 8 issues of PI (except for 3 articles on traits/character/temperaments), whereas the BJP and AJP had published similar amounts of articles on this subject. The BJP published 29 empirical research articles on personality disorder in 409 original research articles during this time (7.1%). The AJP published 25 articles on personality disorders in 350 original research articles during this time (7.1%). In addition, there was only 1 article concerning personality disorder originating from Korea published in the cited international journals during this period (except for 7 articles on traits/character/temperaments). This lack of data on personality disorder could be due to the lack of research sources and little funding available in Korea. These findings might also reflect the fact that many researchers view it as unimportant.

Evidence for Treatment of Personality Disorder

One of the difficulties with personality disorder has been its treatment-resistant feature and enduring problematic behavior. Most patients with personality disorder do not desire treatment and are therefore considered as treatment resisting (Type R), whereas less than one in three patients with a personality disorder are treatment seeking (Type S). 49 Usually, sufferers from personality disorder show a lack of awareness of the consequences of their behavior and frequently remain indifferent or blame others for the distress caused by their actions and interactions. Nidotherapy, in which the environment is changed, rather than the patient, may be suitable for the Type S majority. 50 - 52

The reason that personality disorder is taken more seriously these days is that some effective treatments for the condition now exist. 53 Although most patients with personality disorder do not desire treatment, a growing body of literature supports the view that patients who seek treatment for personality disorders show a steady improvement, both in the short and long term. 36 , 39 Table 5 summarizes the treatments that have been tested adequately according to the tenets of evidence based medicine. No specific preferences are given in Table 3 , but the evidence is summarized.

Treatment trials in people with personality disorder *

* adapted from Tyrer 53

Conclusions

Personality disorders represent one of the major unresolved areas of psychiatry in Korea. Their important contribution to functional impairment has been largely ignored and their impact on the outcome of Axis I disorders has remained undetected in this country. Nowadays, we have better knowledge of their nature and course and are beginning to find ways to alter their core features. New treatments are now beginning to emerge which show evidence of efficacy and it is not unreasonable to hope that, in the near future, personality disorder will be better recognized and defined, able to be exposed without misunderstanding, and managed appropriately and well.

Acknowledgments

Professor Peter Tyrer is the Chair of the WPA section on Personality Disorders. This work was supported by a Korea Research Foundation Grant (KRF-2009-013-E00019) and the Research and Scholarship Foundation in 2009.

Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders

NRNP6675 PMHNP Care Across the Lifespan II

Week 7 Assignment  

Between 10% and 20% of the population experience personality disorders. They are difficult to treat as individuals with personality disorders are less likely to seek help than individuals with other mental health disorders. Treatment can be challenging as they do not see their symptoms as painful to themselves or others.

Photo Credit: Joe Houghton – www.joehoughtonphotography.ie / Moment / Getty Images

Paraphilic disorders are far more common in men than in women, and generally quite chronic, lasting at least two years. Treatment of these disorders usually involves both psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic treatments.

In this Assignment, you will explore personality and paraphilic disorders in greater detail. You will research potentially controversial elements of the diagnosis and/or treatment and explain ethical and legal considerations when working with these disorders.

Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider the insights they provide on assessing, diagnosing, and treating personality and paraphilic disorders.

Select a specific personality or paraphilic disorder from the DSM-5 to use for this Assignment.

Use the Walden Library to investigate your chosen disorder further, including controversial aspects of the disorder, maintaining the therapeutic relationship, and ethical and legal considerations.

The Assignment

In 2–3 pages:

Explain the controversy that surrounds your selected disorder.

Explain your professional beliefs about this disorder, supporting your rationale with at least three scholarly references from the literature.

Explain strategies for maintaining the therapeutic relationship with a patient that may present with this disorder.

Finally, explain ethical and legal considerations related to this disorder that you need to bring to your practice and why they are important.

By Day 7 of Week 7

Submit your Assignment.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK7Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.

Click the Week 7 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

Click the Week 7 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.

Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK7Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.

If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.

Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

Interested in getting help with this assignment?

Get a professional writing team to work on your assignment!

Recent posts

• Consider a difficult event you have experienced in your own life
• HUS3351 Family systems
• Psychology – Rules for the Distinction of The Normal and the Pathological
• Week 1 discussion psychology
• Psychology – Describing a non-felony, abnormal behavior

How It Works

• Privacy policy

Need help with your Assignment?

Get a timely done, PLAGIARISM-FREE paper from our highly-qualified writers!

Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders

Personality disorders like Schizoid Personality Disorder have wide controversies surrounding them. Three common controversies surround these personality disorders. They include disagreements among scholars regarding ways of understanding these disorders; personality disorders often come with stigmatization, and there is no account for social contexts (Mind Charity Organization, 2019). First, scholars disagree because many individuals diagnosed with these disorders may not fall into a single category, and the diagnosis may reveal more than one disorder. Consequently, several scholars feel that the emphasis should focus on what every individual requires to face their difficulties and find alternative means of life rather than their categorization (Mind Charity Organization, 2019). Secondly, another controversy is that few social contexts are observed among these personality disorders. For example, various social contexts like poverty, racism, sexism, prejudice, social deprivation, homophobia, or culture change may play a part in personality disorders (Mind Charity Organization, 2019). Other social context examples include child neglect and abuse, traumatic experiences, and poor parenting experience. Lastly, stigmatization is another controversy surrounding personality disorders (Mind Charity Organization, 2019). For example, individuals may feel very upset and shameful for being labeled with a certain personality disorder, indicating something wrong about them and who they think they are or what they represent (Mind Charity Organization, 2019). Therefore, in the future, practitioners and scholars should find effective ways to address these controversies to deliver quality treatment, leading to positive health outcomes.

Professional Beliefs about the Disorder

Regarding my professional beliefs, I argue that every disease or disorder must fall into a category, as indicated in the DSM-5 manual, for easier diagnosing and treating the patients. Presenting with the problem (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Since mental health covers many manifestations relating to the differences in effects that patients witness, it is essential to categorize these personality disorders to have a quick reference for assessing clients’ symptoms (Greco, 2015). According to the DSM-5 manual, a schizoid personality disorder relates to a chronic tendency of alienation from and broad indifference to societal and interpersonal connections and a restricted spectrum of feelings in human interactions (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In another research, the researchers found that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the most preferred treatment approach when working with schizoid personality disorders because CBT patients may learn and acquire social skills (Devany & Poerwandari, 2020). Therefore, through the above existing professional details, I believe that following the DSM-5 manual helps condense problems more easily and arrive at the final intervention described in these studies. For example, many people may associate this disorder with being naturally cold; however, through these professional studies and the DSM-5 manual, we now understand that such coldness may be a condition that needs immediate attention rather than judging based on societal norms.

Strategies for Maintaining Therapeutic Relationship with Patients

After applying the above professional beliefs supported by scientific evidence relating to helping clients with schizoid personality disorders, it would be essential to establish various strategies for maintaining therapeutic relationships with these patients. According to existing research, various strategies for maintaining therapeutic relationships with patients with mental illnesses or disorders increase trust, hope, respect, and gratitude (Pullen & Mathias, 2010). It is important o understand that efficient physical and verbal communication is crucial in connecting the health practitioner and patients, along with delivering treatment in a way that allows the patients to be active participants in reaching desired health outcomes. Therefore, some strategies when working with patients with schizoid personality disorder include establishing a rapport, keeping professional boundaries, and active listening, as proposed by Pullen and Mathias (2010). First, an introduction involving handshaking, name-mentioning, and using the clients’ names when conversing would be necessary to establish a rapport. Secondly, keeping professional boundaries would involve protecting and honoring the patient’s right to privacy by not doing things against their will, enhancing trust. Lastly, practicing active listening would be essential to understand all the patients’ problems and views. Thus, through the above strategies, these patients would develop trust, which is necessary for helping them achieve the most desirable health outcomes.

Ethical and Legal Considerations Associated with the Disorder

The ethical and legal issue when dealing with patients with schizoid personality disorder is the data privacy and confidentiality dilemma. Since these clients already face possible stigmatization in their societies and local communities, protecting their privacy while offering quality treatment services is essential. Privacy starts by protecting patients’ data and records to avoid leakage of any kind, which would lead to access by third parties. According to existing research, the mental health department is responsible for ensuring patient confidentiality and privacy because these concerns relate to therapy effectiveness (Lustgarten et al., 2020). The research also points out that the therapist-to-client privilege is enshrined in the US Constitution, which means that any violations are punishable by law. Consequently, adopting effective ways of sharing information more securely is essential to avoid any confidentiality and privacy breaches. Thus, I would observe these issues to avoid any legal problems or ethical breaches, which may also affect service quality and health outcomes.

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association. http://repository.poltekkes- kaltim.ac.id/657/1/Diagnostic%20and%20statistical%20manual%20of%20mental %20disorders%20_%20DSM-5%20%28%20PDFDrive.com%20%29.pdf

Devany, K., & Poerwandari, E. K. (2020). Integrating cognitive-behavioral therapy and gratitude therapy for treating somatic symptom disorder with schizoid-avoidant personality features: A case report. Indonesian Journal of Indigenous Psychology , 7 (2), 113–121. https://publication.k-pin.org/index.php/jpu/article/view/127

Greco, M. (2015). What is the DSM? Diagnostic manual, cultural icon, political battleground: an overview with suggestions for a critical research agenda. Psychology & Sexuality , 7 (1), 6–22. https://research.gold.ac.uk/id/eprint/17494/1/Greco%20-%20What%20is%20the %20DSM%20for%20GRO.pdf

Lustgarten, S. D., Garrison, Y. L., Sinnard, M. T., & Flynn, A. W. (2020). Digital privacy in mental healthcare: Current issues and recommendations for technology use. Current Opinion in Psychology , 36 , 25–31. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7195295/#:~:text=Mental%20healthcare %20has%20long%20held,not%20be%20effective%20%5B4%5D .

Mind Charity Organization. (2020). Personality disorders: Why is it controversial? Mind. https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/types-of-mental-health- problems/personality disorders/why-is-it-controversial/

Pullen, R. L., & Mathias, T. (2010). Fostering therapeutic nurse-patient relationships. Nursing Made Incredibly Easy! , 8 (3), 4. https://journals.lww.com/nursingmadeincrediblyeasy/fulltext/2010/05000/fostering_thera peutic_nurse_patient_relationships.1.aspx

ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

We’ll write everything from scratch

Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider the insights they provide on assessing, diagnosing, and treating personality and paraphilic disorders.

Controversy Associated With Personality And Paraphilic Disorders

Select a specific personality or paraphilic disorder from the  DSM-5-TR  to use for this Assignment.

Use the Walden Library to investigate your chosen disorder further, including controversial aspects of the disorder, maintaining the therapeutic relationship, and ethical and legal considerations.

THE ASSIGNMENT

In 2–3 pages:

Explain the controversy that surrounds your selected disorder.

Explain your professional beliefs about this disorder, supporting your rationale with at least three scholarly references from the literature.

Explain strategies for maintaining the therapeutic relationship with a patient who may present with this disorder.

Finally, explain ethical and legal considerations related to this disorder that you need to bring to your practice and why they are important.

• Step 1: Fill the Order Form

• Step 2: Make Payment

• Step 3: The Writing Process

• Step 4: Download Paper

Recent Posts

• Examining Ethical Principles and Code of Conduct for Professional Psychologists- Key Issues and Guidelines
• Effective Communication in Nursing Practice
• Cognitive Errors- The False Consensus Bias
• Exploring Centenarians Lives- Perspectives Key Questions and the Impact of Social Isolation
• User Interface Prototype Design
• Analyzing Capital Expenditure for XOM Companies
• Changes in Bond and Stock Prices
• Capacity Management for a New Startup Venture – Shouldice Hospital
• Reevaluating Perceptions and Care of Older Adults- Societal Views Myths and Needed Changes
• Importance of Mother Seeing her Newborn Right after Birth

WEEK 7: PERSONALITY AND PARAPHILIC DISORDERS $20.00 Add to Cart

Week 7: Personality And Paraphilic Disorders

Preview 3 out of 8 pages

Generating Your Document

You are viewing 3 pages of the document titled: Week 7: Personality and Paraphilic Disorders . Purchase the document to get full access instantly

•   Trusted by 40,000+ Students
•   Money Back Guarantee 24/7
•   Download is directly available

Report Copyright Violation

Document Details

Add To Cart

Add To Wishlist Remove from wishlist

• Trusted by 40,000+ Students
• Money Back Guarantee 24/7
• Download is directly available

Specifications

Seller details.

26 documents uploaded

3 documents sold

Recommended documents

Week 7: Personality And Paraphilic Diso ...

Week 3: sources Of Innovative Ideas Fo ...

Apex Algebra Unit 7: Linear Equations A ...

NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midter ...

what students are saying about us

PaperStoc is my best source of study materials. I usually buy all my exams here. So nicely done and their support is awesome. I will be back for more… Thanks…

Liberty University Sam W

I was looking for an example essay to help me write my own. Luckily, I found the exact paper on PaperStoc, and it was all great.

This website is my go-to place when am looking for exam / quiz solution. They have all the exams questions and answers and some even include explanations. PaperStoc is my best study resource center… Keep up the great work

Arizona Global Martin J

I needed help urgently and PaperStoc came through for me. Besides the authentic documents, they have experts who can help you deal with difficult homework questions.

UOP Prince E

PaperStoc, is my best study resource provider so far, I am confident of finding the best essays, notes and summaries done by my fellow students. Thanks and keep up the great work…

Walden Christinna F

I find PaperStoc easy to use and most resourceful. They have a variety of study resources and documents. Besides, their support team is awesome and are available 24/7

Southern New Hampshire Mike T

For long, I had been search for a website that do cheap essays. Now that I found PaperStoc, My mind is at peace. They did my paper very well and it was All Ace...

Southern New Hampshire Alice

I find Paperstoc to be authentic, easy to use and a community with quality notes and study tips. Now is my chance to help others.

University Of Arizona Mike T

Register a free account

By signing up, you are agreeing to our Terms of Service .

• Follow us on
• Copyright © 2024 | All rights reserved

Provide details on what you need help with along with a budget and time limit. Questions are posted anonymously and can be made 100% private.

Studypool matches you to the best tutor to help you with your question. Our tutors are highly qualified and vetted.

Your matched tutor provides personalized help according to your question details. Payment is made only after you have completed your 1-on-1 session and are satisfied with your session.

Walden University Week 7 Controversy with Personality & Paraphiliac Disorders Essay

User Generated

Vyyhzvangvtvey111

Health Medical

Walden University

Description

-3 scholarly references, assignment: controversy associated with personality and paraphilic disorders, -topic: sexual masochism.

Between 10% and 20% of the population experience personality disorders. They are difficult to treat as individuals with personality disorders are less likely to seek help than individuals with other mental health disorders. Treatment can be challenging as they do not see their symptoms as painful to themselves or others.

Paraphilic disorders are far more common in men than in women, and generally quite chronic, lasting at least two years. Treatment of these disorders usually involves both psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic treatments.

In this Assignment, you will explore personality and paraphilic disorders in greater detail. You will research potentially controversial elements of the diagnosis and/or treatment and explain ethical and legal considerations when working with these disorders.

• Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider the insights they provide on assessing, diagnosing, and treating personality and paraphilic disorders.
• Select a specific personality or paraphilic disorder from the DSM-5 to use for this Assignment.
• Use the Walden Library to investigate your chosen disorder further, including controversial aspects of the disorder, maintaining the therapeutic relationship, and ethical and legal considerations. 

Explanation & Answer

View attached explanation and answer. Let me know if you have any questions. 1 Paraphilic Disorders: Sexual Sadism Name University Course Date 2 Paraphilic Disorders: Sexual Sadism Personality disorders are extensive and experienced by approximately 10 to 20% of the population. Studies have shown that these disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive personality, contribute to paraphilic behaviors. They are recurrent psychological issues characterized by intense disabling or distressing sexual urges or arousing fantasies involving animate and inanimate objects. The text mainly explores sexual sadism, which is approximately six months of sexual arousal from another person’s physical and psychological suffering. The purpose of the paper is to discuss the controversy surrounding the disorder, associated beliefs, analyze how therapeutic relationships can be maintained, and the surrounding legal and ethical considerations. Controversy Surrounding Sexual Sadism Diagnosis of sexual sadism is the most significant controversy surrounding the disorder. According to Winters et al. (2019), DSM-5 diagnostic criteria of this paraphilic behavior are vague and difficult to quantify systematically. Truthfully, studies attempting to separate sexual offenders with and without the disorder have resulted in mixed outcomes. Overwhelming past literature on sexual sadism indicates the diagnostic process of sadistic sexual drives fails to differentiate groups of sexual offenders. The elusive nature of this diagnosis is attributed to the diagnosticians’ presumption that sexual urges motivate the offender’s infliction of suffering. The difficulty in operationalization is further caused by the use of idiosyncratic approaches to diagnose sexual sadism. These methods are not quality, meaning they cannot be reliably applied or valuable to a cataloging system such as DSM diagnoses. Sexual sadism prognosis fails to satisfy the two goals of psychiatric diagnosis, pointing to effective health interventions and providing consistent information. Lack of standardized conclusions prevents researchers and clinicians from accumulating a body of knowledge that could inform the advancement of management strategies. Professional Beliefs About Sexual Sadism One of th...

24/7 Study Help

Stuck on a study question? Our verified tutors can answer all questions, from basic  math  to advanced rocket science !

Similar Content

Related tags.

interviewing technique NR439 nursing practice health policy health information vignette Kaplan religious ethics health ADN to BSN ADN to BSN ADN to BSN

How to Win at the Sport of Business

by Mark Cuban

100 Side Hustles

by Chris Guillebeau

Les Miserables

by Victor Hugo

Salt To The Sea

by Ruta Sepetys

Brave New World

by Aldous Huxley

The Knife of Never Letting Go

by Patrick Ness

The President is Missing

by James Patterson, Bill Clinton

Hidden Figures

by Margot Lee Shetterly

Robinson Crusoe

by Daniel Defoe

working on a study question?

Studypool is powered by Microtutoring TM

Copyright © 2024. Studypool Inc.

Studypool is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university.

Ongoing Conversations

Access over 35 million study documents through the notebank

Get on-demand Q&A study help from verified tutors

Read 1000s of rich book guides covering popular titles

Sign up with Google

Sign up with Facebook

Already have an account? Login

Login with Google

Login with Facebook

Don't have an account? Sign Up

Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders

Between 10% and 20% of the population experience personality disorders. They are difficult to treat as individuals with personality disorders are less likely to seek help than individuals with other mental health disorders. Treatment can be challenging as they do not see their symptoms as painful to themselves or others.

Paraphilic disorders are far more common in men than in women, and generally quite chronic, lasting at least two years. Treatment of these disorders usually involves both psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic treatments.

In this Assignment, you will explore personality and paraphilic disorders in greater detail. You will research potentially controversial elements of the diagnosis and/or treatment and explain ethical and legal considerations when working with these disorders.

• Review resources and consider the insights they provide on assessing, diagnosing, and treating personality and paraphilic disorders.
• Select a specific personality or paraphilic disorder from the DSM-5 to use for this Assignment.
• Investigate your chosen disorder further, including controversial aspects of the disorder, maintaining the therapeutic relationship, and ethical and legal considerations.

The Assignment

In 3 pages:

• Explain the controversy that surrounds your selected disorder.
• Explain your professional beliefs about this disorder, supporting your rationale with at least three scholarly references from the literature.
• Explain strategies for maintaining the therapeutic relationship with a patient that may present with this disorder.
• Finally, explain ethical and legal considerations related to this disorder that you need to bring to your practice and why they are important.

Our Services

✓ Dissertation Writing

✓ Assignment Writing

✓ Thesis Writing

✓ Coursework Writing

✓ Term Paper Writing

✓ Research Paper Writing

✓ Essay Writing

✓ Case Study Writing

✓ Homework Writing

WhatsApp us

Assignment: Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders

by ella | Mar 24, 2024 | Astronomy

                       WATCH

https://youtu.be/ykkMo9t0bxs?t=37

It might help.

Between 10% and 20% of the population experience personality disorders. They are difficult to treat as individuals with personality disorders are less likely to seek help than individuals with other mental health disorders. Treatment can be challenging as they do not see their symptoms as painful to themselves or others.

Paraphilic disorders are far more common in men than in women, and generally quite chronic, lasting at least two years. Treatment of these disorders usually involves both psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic treatments.

In this Assignment, you will explore personality and paraphilic disorders in greater detail. You will research potentially controversial elements of the diagnosis and/or treatment and explain ethical and legal considerations when working with these disorders.

• Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider the insights they provide on assessing, diagnosing, and treating personality and paraphilic disorders.
• Select a specific personality or paraphilic disorder from the  DSM-5  to use for this Assignment.
• Use the Walden Library to investigate your chosen disorder further, including controversial aspects of the disorder, maintaining the therapeutic relationship, and ethical and legal considerations. 

                        The Assignment

• Explain the controversy that surrounds your selected disorder.
• Explain your professional beliefs about this disorder, supporting your rationale with at least three scholarly references from the literature.
• Explain strategies for maintaining the therapeutic relationship with a patient that may present with this disorder.
• Finally, explain ethical and legal considerations related to this disorder that you need to bring to your practice and why they are important.

 will be writing a 3 page paper discussing controversy associated with personality and paraphilic disorders. Please review the assignment instructions and the grading rubric carefully to ensure you address all the required portions of the assignment.

Order a similar assignment, and have writers from our team of experts write it for you, guaranteeing you an A

Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders

Assignment:Between 10% and 20% of the population experience personality disorders. They are difficult to treat as individuals with personality disorders are less likely to seek help than individuals with other mental health disorders. Treatment can be challenging as they do not see their symptoms as painful to themselves or others.   Photo Credit: Joe Houghton – www.joehoughtonphotography.ie / Moment / Getty ImagesParaphilic disorders are far more common in men than in women, and generally quite chronic, lasting at least two years. Treatment of these disorders usually involves both psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic treatments. In this Assignment, you will explore personality and paraphilic disorders in greater detail. You will research potentially controversial elements of the diagnosis and/or treatment and explain ethical and legal considerations when working with these disorders. To PrepareReview this weeks Learning Resources and consider the insights they provide on assessing, diagnosing, and treating personality and paraphilic disorders.Select a specific personality or paraphilic disorder from the DSM-5 to use for this Assignment.Use the Walden Library to investigate your chosen disorder further, including controversial aspects of the disorder, maintaining the therapeutic relationship, and ethical and legal considerations.The AssignmentIn 23 pages: Explain the controversy that surrounds your selected disorder.Explain your professional beliefs about this disorder, supporting your rationale with at least three scholarly references from the literature.Explain strategies for maintaining the therapeutic relationship with a patient that may present with this disorder.Finally, explain ethical and legal considerations related to this disorder that you need to bring to your practice and why they are important.

Approximate price: $ 22

Calculate the price of your order

• Free title page and bibliography
• Unlimited revisions
• Plagiarism-free guarantee

Money-back guarantee

• 24/7 support
• Writer’s samples
• Part-by-part delivery
• Overnight delivery
• Copies of used sources
• Expert Proofreading
• 275 words per page
• 12 pt Arial/Times New Roman
• Double line spacing
• Any citation style (APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, Harvard)

Our guarantees

Delivering a high-quality product at a reasonable price is not enough anymore. That’s why we have developed 5 beneficial guarantees that will make your experience with our service enjoyable, easy, and safe.

You have to be 100% sure of the quality of your product to give a money-back guarantee. This describes us perfectly. Make sure that this guarantee is totally transparent.

Zero-plagiarism guarantee

Each paper is composed from scratch, according to your instructions. It is then checked by our plagiarism-detection software. There is no gap where plagiarism could squeeze in.

Free-revision policy

Thanks to our free revisions, there is no way for you to be unsatisfied. We will work on your paper until you are completely happy with the result.

Privacy policy

Your email is safe, as we store it according to international data protection rules. Your bank details are secure, as we use only reliable payment systems.

Fair-cooperation guarantee

By sending us your money, you buy the service we provide. Check out our terms and conditions if you prefer business talks to be laid out in official language.

Order your essay today and save 20% with the discount code SOLVER

Controversy Associated With Personality And Paraphilic Disorder –

Controversy Associated With Personality And Paraphilic Disorder Controversy Associated With Personality And Paraphilic Disorder Explain the controversy that surrounds your selected disorder.Explain your professional beliefs about this disorder, supporting your rationale with at least three scholarly references from the literature.Explain strategies for maintaining the therapeutic relationship with a patient that may present with this disorder.Finally, explain ethical and legal considerations related to this disorder that you need to bring to your practice and why they are important. ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED, PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPERS You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes. Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages. Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor. The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument. ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS Discussion Questions (DQ) Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses. Controversy Associated With Personality And Paraphilic Disorder Weekly Participation Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week. APA Format and Writing Quality Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition. Use of Direct Quotes I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source. LopesWrite Policy For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score. Late Policy The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading. Communication Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours. Controversy Associated With Personality And Paraphilic Disorder Get a 10 % discount on an order above $ 100 Use the following coupon code : NURSING10

Assignmenttypers.com is a unique service that provides guidance with different types of content. Please rest assured that the service is absolutely legal and doesn’t violate any regulations.

QUICK LINKS

• How It Works
• Terms of Use

WEBSITE: assignmenttypers.com

EMAIL : [email protected]

PHONE: +1 (906) 366-6695

Need assignment help? WhatsApp us!