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Correction: Sleep deprivation induces corneal endothelial dysfunction by downregulating Bmal1

The original article was published in BMC Ophthalmology 2024 24 :268

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Research on segmentation model of optic disc and optic cup in fundus

Glaucoma is a worldwide eye disease that can cause irreversible vision loss. Early detection of glaucoma is important to reduce vision loss, and retinal fundus image examination is one of the most commonly use...

Association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor use and diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of real-world studies

The purpose of this review was to examine if dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) use affects the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Clinical results with a multifocal intraocular lens with a novel optical design

To evaluate the optical performance and safety of a new multifocal lens with a novel optical design featuring two additional foci (or intensifiers) in patients with cataract and presbyopia.

The effects of refractive status on the outcomes of strabismus surgery in patients with esotropia

The success of the strabismus surgery can hinge on several factors. One of these factors is refractive condition like hyperopia or myopia. Our study seeks to evaluate the surgical outcomes in patients with eso...

Ferrous ascorbate as a potential biomarker for diabetic retinopathy: a vitreous humour metabolomics study

This study aimed to explore differences in vitreous humour metabolites and metabolic pathways between patients with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR) and identify potential metabolite biomarkers.

Sleep deprivation induces corneal endothelial dysfunction by downregulating Bmal1

Sleep deprivation (SD) is a common public health problem that contributes to various physiological disorders and increases the risk of ocular diseases. However, whether sleep loss can damage corneal endothelia...

The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Ophthalmology 2024 24 :274

Preliminary research on LncRNA ATP2B2-IT2 in neovascularization of diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes, and recent findings have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may be involved in its pathogenesis. Through bioinformatics analysis, we found ...

Characteristics of peripheral refractive errors in eyes of patients with non-amblyopic myopic anisometropia

This study aims to investigate relative peripheral refractive (RPR) characteristics in children with non-amblyopic myopic anisometropia and explore potential associations between relative peripheral refractive...

Evaluating the causes of retinopathy of prematurity relapse following intravitreal bevacizumab injection

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a proliferative disorder of the developing retina. Intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB) is an emerging treatment for severe forms of ROP, which does not restrict the vis...

Long-term efficacy and safety of XEN-45 gel stent implantation in patients with normal-tension glaucoma

Minimally invasive bleb surgery using the XEN-45 gel stent has not been established for the treatment of normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term treatment ...

Paraproteinaemic keratopathy simulating a crystalline keratopathy

Paraproteinemic keratopathy is a rare disorder characterized by the bilateral accumulation of polychromatic deposits diffusely in all corneal layers together or not with diffuse or patchy pseudo lipid deposits...

What is the impact of microbiota on dry eye: a literature review of the gut-eye axis

Dry eye is a chronic and multifactorial ocular surface disease caused by tear film instability or imbalance in the microenvironment of the ocular surface. It can lead to various discomforts such as inflammatio...

Correction: Tuberculous ciliary body granuloma initially diagnosed as bullous retinal detachment: a case report

The original article was published in BMC Ophthalmology 2024 24 :236

Peripapillary RNFL cross-sectional area and its association with other parameters in a Chinese population

Quantitative analysis of retinal nerve fibers is important for the diagnosis and treatment of optic nerve diseases. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) cross-sectional area may give a more accurate ...

Anterior chamber and angle characteristics in Chinese children (6–11 years old) with different refractive status using swept-source optical coherence tomography

The anatomic structure of the anterior chamber (AC) helps to explain differences in refractive status in school-aged children and is closely associated with primary angle closure (PAC). The aim of this study w...

Rare micropupil secondary to congenital cataract surgery favoring the development of the affected eye: a case report

Congenital microcoria has been extensively reported and usually leads to visual dysfunction or blindness. However, micropupil development secondary to cataract surgery has never been reported. Here, we describ...

Orbital intramuscular hydatid cyst causing compressive optic neuropathy: a case report and literature review

Echinococcosis, commonly known as hydatid disease, is a zoonotic infection resulting from the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus . The occurrence of hydatid cysts in the orbital region is uncommon, representing less...

Improving diabetic retinopathy screening at the point of care: integrating telemedicine to overcome current challenges

To investigate the utility of point of care screening of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the impact of a telemedicine program to overcome current challenges.

Optical coherence tomography features in vitreoretinal lymphoma compared with non-infectious uveitis

Vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) is a rare intraocular malignancy that poses a diagnostic challenge due to the non-specific clinical presentation that resembles uveitis. The use of spectral domain optical coherenc...

Examining the etiological factors resulting in retinal detachment following prophylactic vitrectomy in the context of acute retinal necrosis syndrome

The aim of this study is to elucidate the factors contributing to the occurrence of retinal detachment (RD) following prophylactic vitrectomy in cases of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) syndrome.

Long-term visual outcomes in spasmus nutans

The long-term visual outcomes in spasmus nutans patients is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to characterize visual outcomes and identify comorbid ophthalmic conditions in patients with spasmus n...

Analysis of surgically induced astigmatism of the anterior, posterior, and total cornea after implantable collamer lens implantation: a comparative study between temporal and superior clear corneal incisions

To comparatively analyze the surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) of the anterior, posterior, and total corneas of eyes undertaking implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation with temporal or superior cornea...

Topical tacrolimus for high-risk corneal transplantation: a randomized, clinical trial

The prevalence of rejection is 10–30% in penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) case, and the rate is higher in cases of high-risk patients. Although using topical corticosteroids is a standard method for management t...

Assessment of refractive errors, amblyopia, strabismus, and low vision among hearing-impaired and deaf students in Kermanshah

Refractive errors, amblyopia, strabismus, and low vision are more common among children with hearing impairments in comparison with their hearing peers. Neglecting visual disorders can pose educational and soc...

Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes in patients with superior oblique muscle palsy: a retrospective study on 1057 patients

To evaluate the clinical findings of patients with SOP who underwent surgery.

Evaluation of machine learning approach for surgical results of Ahmed valve implantation in patients with glaucoma

Ahmed valve implantation demonstrated an increasing proportion in glaucoma surgery, but predicting the successful maintenance of target intraocular pressure remains a challenging task. This study aimed to eval...

Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures with cystoid macular edema: a case report

Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS) are newly characterized lesions wedged around the optic discs, which used to be misdiagnosed. Better understanding and identifying PHOMS are imp...

Clinical features of primary and compound forms of wide macular posterior staphyloma in high myopia

To compare the ocular features of highly myopic eyes with posterior staphyloma of wide macular type according to its morphological complexity.

Associations of retinal microvascular alterations with diabetes mellitus: an OCTA-based cross-sectional study

Diabetes, a health crisis afflicting millions worldwide, is increasing rapidly in prevalence. The microvascular complications triggered by diabetes have emerged as the principal cause of renal disease and blin...

Neurotrophic keratitis caused by lightning injury: a case report

This study aimed to report a case of neurotrophic keratitis caused by lightning.

Awareness of glaucoma among adult patients attending hawassa university comprehensive specialized hospital ophthalmic outpatient department, Sidama, Ethiopia, August 2022

Due to the asymptomatic nature of the disease and lack of awareness, most glaucoma patients present for eye examination late, after significant damage of optic nerve occur. Being aware of glaucoma is important...

Automated detection of steps in videos of strabismus surgery using deep learning

Learning to perform strabismus surgery is an essential aspect of ophthalmologists’ surgical training. Automated classification strategy for surgical steps can improve the effectiveness of training curricula an...

Randomized trial comparing the effects of a 3D head-up system and microscope eyepiece-assisted simulated vitrectomy with intraocular illumination on the ocular surface of an operator

To compare the effects of a 3D head-up system and microscope eyepiece-assisted simulated vitrectomy intraocular illumination on the ocular surface of an operator.

Development of Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease-like uveitis during treatment by anti-programmed death-1 antibody: a case report

Several immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been linked to the occurrence of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKHD)-like uveitis. Among the ICIs, there has been no report of immune-related adverse events (ir...

Prevalence and characteristics of amblyopia, strabismus, and refractive errors among patients aged 3–16 years in Shanghai, China: a hospital-based population study

Functional visual impairments in children are primarily caused by amblyopia or strabismus. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical profile of amblyopia and strabismus among individuals aged 3...

Predictive factors and adalimumab efficacy in managing chronic recurrence Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease

This study explores prognostic factors influencing Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease and observes the efficacy and safety of Adalimumab (ADA) in treating recurrence in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) patients.

PRDX1 exerts a photoprotection effect by inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating MAPK signaling on retinal pigment epithelium

The purpose of this study was to investigate the photoprotection effect of peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) protein in ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation-induced damage of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and its possible...

Tuberculous ciliary body granuloma initially diagnosed as bullous retinal detachment: a case report

Ocular tuberculosis is a relatively rare extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis. This vision-threatening disease is extremely challenging to diagnose, particularly because it can mimic other diseases. We...

The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Ophthalmology 2024 24 :261

Application of modified Yamane technique in intrascleral intraocular lens fixation combined with or without iris reconstruction

To explore the application and long-term clinical effects of modified Yamane technique in intrascleral intraocular lens (IOL) fixation combined with or without iris reconstruction.

Ochrobactrum anthropi infection following corneal transplantation -a case report and review of literature

Ochrobactrum anthropi is widely distributed and primarily infects patients with compromised immune functions . Historically, O. anthropi has been considered to possess low toxicity and pathogenicity; however, ...

The effect of cumulative energy in repeated subliminal transscleral cyclophotocoagulation: a retrospective study

The long-term safety and efficacy of repeated applications of subliminal transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (SL-TSCPC) with a focus on cumulative energy was evaluated in glaucoma patients.

Eyelid retraction during smiling in a patient with monocular congenital ptosis: a case report

Blepharoptosis is a common symptom in ophthalmology clinic, but eyelid retraction when smiling in a ptosis eye is a rare manifestation. Here we report a novel manifestation that eyelid retraction during smilin...

Posterior capsular radial sign: a novel method to confirm anterior vitreous cortex resection in phacovitrectomy

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce a method that can accurately locate the posterior capsule of the lens to facilitate a relatively complete resection of the anterior vitreous body.

Corneal densitometry in Chinese adults with healthy corneas: associations with sex, age, ocular metrics, and optical characteristics

Standardized corneal densitometry (CD) values in large samples of healthy Chinese individuals are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to determine the standard CD values using a Scheimpflug camera in healthy corneas, ...

Impact of anti-VEGF treatment on development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in routine clinical practice

This study evaluated impact of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment on proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) development among patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR)...

Genetic variations of IL10 and IL6R genes in acute anterior uveitis in Han Chinese

Several autoimmune disorders have been linked to polymorphisms in IL10 and IL6R genes. This research aimed to study whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes of IL10 and IL6R were associated wit...

Transient anterior subcapsular vacuolar lens opacities after Tanito microhook trabeculotomy: report of six cases

To present six cases exhibiting transient anterior subcapsular vacuolar lens opacities following early postoperative Tanito microhook trabeculotomy (TMH) performed by the same surgeon.

Bilateral optic nerve infiltration and leukemic retinopathy as initial signs of leukemia relapse with central nervous system involvement in an adult: a case report

We describe a case in which bilateral optic nerve infiltration and leukemic retinopathy were the initial signs of disease relapse in a patient with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia...

Correction: Efficacy of topical 0.05% cyclosporine A and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate in post-refractive surgery chronic dry eye patients with ocular pain

The original article was published in BMC Ophthalmology 2024 24 :28

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Prediction Models for Glaucoma in a Multicenter Electronic Health Records Consortium: The Sight Outcomes Research Collaborative

Collaborators.

• SOURCE Consortium : Sejal Amin ,  Paul A Edwards ,  Divya Srikumaran ,  Fasika Woreta ,  Jeffrey S Schultz ,  Anurag Shrivastava ,  Baseer Ahmad ,  Judy Kim ,  Paul Bryar ,  Dustin French ,  Brian L Vanderbeek ,  Suzann Pershing ,  Sophia Y Wang ,  Anne M Lynch ,  Jenna Patnaik ,  Saleha Munir ,  Wuqaas Munir ,  Joshua Stein ,  Lindsey DeLott ,  Brian C Stagg ,  Barbara Wirostko ,  Brian McMillian ,  Arsham Sheybani

Affiliations

• 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
• 2 Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
• PMID: 38317869
• PMCID: PMC10838906
• DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100445

Purpose: Advances in artificial intelligence have enabled the development of predictive models for glaucoma. However, most work is single-center and uncertainty exists regarding the generalizability of such models. The purpose of this study was to build and evaluate machine learning (ML) approaches to predict glaucoma progression requiring surgery using data from a large multicenter consortium of electronic health records (EHR).

Design: Cohort study.

Participants: Thirty-six thousand five hundred forty-eight patients with glaucoma, as identified by International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes from 6 academic eye centers participating in the Sight OUtcomes Research Collaborative (SOURCE).

Methods: We developed ML models to predict whether patients with glaucoma would progress to glaucoma surgery in the coming year (identified by Current Procedural Terminology codes) using the following modeling approaches: (1) penalized logistic regression (lasso, ridge, and elastic net); (2) tree-based models (random forest, gradient boosted machines, and XGBoost), and (3) deep learning models. Model input features included demographics, diagnosis codes, medications, and clinical information (intraocular pressure, visual acuity, refractive status, and central corneal thickness) available from structured EHR data. One site was reserved as an "external site" test set (N = 1550); of the patients from the remaining sites, 10% each were randomly selected to be in development and test sets, with the remaining 27 999 reserved for model training.

Main outcome measures: Evaluation metrics included area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) on the test set and the external site.

Results: Six thousand nineteen (16.5%) of 36 548 patients underwent glaucoma surgery. Overall, the AUROC ranged from 0.735 to 0.771 on the random test set and from 0.706 to 0.754 on the external test site, with the XGBoost and random forest model performing best, respectively. There was greatest performance decrease from the random test set to the external test site for the penalized regression models.

Conclusions: Machine learning models developed using structured EHR data can reasonably predict whether glaucoma patients will need surgery, with reasonable generalizability to an external site. Additional research is needed to investigate the impact of protected class characteristics such as race or gender on model performance and fairness.

Financial disclosures: Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

Keywords: Deep learning; Glaucoma; Machine learning; Multicenter study.

© 2023 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

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This cohort study seeks to provide accurate magnetic resonance imaging–based criteria for the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

This cohort study investigates whether semaglutide prescription is associated with increased risk of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy among patients with type 2 diabetes and patients who are overweight or obese.

This parallel-design, double-masked, randomized clinical trial investigates the effectiveness and safety of atropine, 0.01%, eye drops for children with myopia and intermittent exotropia.

• Evaluating Baseline Data in Clinical Trials—Can I Apply the Results? JAMA Ophthalmology Opinion July 3, 2024 Pediatrics Full Text | pdf link PDF
• Semaglutide and Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy JAMA Ophthalmology Opinion July 3, 2024 Diabetes Diabetes and Endocrinology Neuro-ophthalmology Neurology Full Text | pdf link PDF

This cohort study compares pediatric patients with and without uveitis to assess whether a uveitis diagnosis is associated with cataract development.

This Viewpoint discusses the need to include patient and health care professional perspectives in the design of clinical trials to improve trial features and implementation.

This Viewpoint highlights the discrepancy between dosing and patient assessment schedules in clinical trials for 2 new intravitreal agents, faricimab, 6 mg, and aflibercept, 8 mg, to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

This cohort study examines ambulatory care revisits and same-day topical antibiotic prescription in insured patients with acute infectious conjunctivitis.

This quality improvement study quantifies the approval rate of prior authorization for anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) medications and assesses the clinical and administrative burden implications.

This randomized clinical trial investigates if the implantation of a capsular tension ring reduces intraocular lens decentration and tilt in all highly myopic eyes.

This case report discusses a diagnosis of acute annular outer retinopathy in a 29-year-old female patient who presented with recent onset of visual field defect and photopsia.

This case report discusses the finding of early cataract after pars plana vitrectomy in a patient with a history of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

This case report discusses a diagnosis of epicapsular stars during a routine ophthalmologic examination in an asymptomatic female patient aged 14 years.

This case report describes an asymptomatic 55-year-old woman with unilateral benign lobular inner nuclear layer proliferations and hyperreflective lesions causing distortion of adjacent retinal layers.

Thie cohort study compares postoperative endophthalmitis incidence following selective use of intracameral antibiotics with 1% povidine iodine vs routine use of intracameral antibiotics with 5% povidine iodine.

• Intracameral Antibiotics After Cataract Surgery—In Which Cases? JAMA Ophthalmology Opinion June 20, 2024 Cataract and Other Lens Disorders Antibiotic Use, Overuse, Resistance, Stewardship Infectious Diseases Full Text | pdf link PDF

This post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial investigates intraocular pressure outcomes after 1 year of repeated 0.1-mL intravitreous injections by analyzing data from 2 randomized clinical trials that investigated the safety of lampalizumab.

This cross-sectional study investigates the changes in prevalence of diabetic retinopathy from 2015 to 2022 among 93 million patients in the TriNetX platform.

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Visual development in infants: physiological and pathological mechanisms.

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Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. 23(1):26-32, January 2012.

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American Academy of Ophthalmology’s Research Journals Ranked Highest in the Field

2022 impact factors show that the Ophthalmology family of journals continues to publish important and highly cited studies

SAN FRANCISCO, Calif. —  The recently released 2022 impact factor scores reveal that the research journals Ophthalmology , Ophthalmology Retina and Ophthalmology Glaucoma   are ranked highly in the field. The impact factor measures the importance of a journal by calculating the average number of times selected articles are cited within the two previous years.

Ophthalmology received a score of 13.7, making it the most highly rated journal in the field that publishes original research. Ophthalmology Retina received a score of 4.5 and Ophthalmology Glaucoma scored a 2.9, making both the leading journal in its respective subspecialty. This is the first year Ophthalmology Retina and Ophthalmology Glaucoma received impact factors.

“We are delighted with the strong initial impact factors for Ophthalmology Retina and Ophthalmology Glaucoma , as well as the continued high impact factor for Ophthalmology ,” said Russell Van Gelder, MD, PhD, editor-in-chief of Ophthalmology . “The success of these journals has allowed Ophthalmology to continue to publish the very highest impact work. While impact factors are an imperfect proxy for the true impact of our published papers on our patients' lives, they do demonstrate that our papers are being widely read and cited. The Ophthalmology family of journals are a great resource for Academy members and our specialty in general.”

Ophthalmology Science , the Academy’s newest journal, achieved PubMed/MEDLINE indexing last year. We anticipate its inaugural impact factor in June 2024. 

Journal impact factor scores are published annually by Clarivate Analytics.

About the American Academy of Ophthalmology

The American Academy of Ophthalmology is the world’s largest association of eye physicians and surgeons. A global community of 32,000 medical doctors, we protect sight and empower lives by setting the standards for ophthalmic education and advocating for our patients and the public. We innovate to advance our profession and to ensure the delivery of the highest-quality eye care. Our EyeSmart ® program provides the public with the most trusted information about eye health. For more information, visit aao.org .

About  Ophthalmology Ophthalmology ® , the official journal of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, publishes original, peer-reviewed, clinically applicable research. The  Ophthalmology  franchise, owned by the Academy and published by Elsevier, also includes subspecialty publications, Ophthalmology ®  Retina and Ophthalmology® Glaucoma ,  and open access journal,  Ophthalmology® Science . For more information, visit www.aaojournal.org .

All content on the Academy’s website is protected by copyright law and the  Terms of Service . This content may not be reproduced, copied, or put into any artificial intelligence program, including large language and generative AI models, without  permission from the Academy.

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Research Topics

The Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences offers medical students and residents a variety of research opportunities. Please browse the basic science, translational and clinical research projects currently underway below.

Research Topic: Corneal endothelial health judged by endothelial image analysis

Description.

Endothelium is critical for dehydrating the cornea and keeping it clear. With loss of its barrier and pump function, the cornea swells and corneal transplantation may be needed.

Changes in the number, shape and size of the cells may predict loss of function.

Key Research Question/Hypothesis 

Effect of drugs, surgery, devices, and preservation media on the endothelium.

Images of the endothelium captured with either a specular or confocal microscope that can take repeated pictures of the endothelial cells non-invasively in patients. Once images are captured, they can be analyzed with special software in the Cornea Image Analysis Reading Center (CIARC) of the Department.

Student learn these techniques working with both patients and technicians, depending on the project.

Ongoing projects.

Status of IRB/IACUC approval

Image analysis studies in CIARC approved; ongoing projects have IRB approval. If launching a new project, IRB approval will need to be obtained.

Prospects for Publishing and Presenting

Excellent; we have a long track record of publications in major journals and presentations at national and international conferences.

Contact Information

Tanisha Rankins

Secretary to Dr. Jonathan Lass

• Email:  [email protected]  
• Phone: 216.983.5164

Research Topic: Retinopathy of Prematurity and other Pediatric Studies

Effect of low birth weight on the eye’s development.

Data analysis, chart review.

Several ongoing projects—long-term data collection.

Current study has IRB approval. Any new studies will need IRB approval.

Excellent; the data base study has been presented at ARVO and is in preparation for publication in a major pediatric journal.

Dr. Faruk Orge

• Email:  [email protected]
• Phone: 440.684.1743

Research Topic: Cholesterol and function of the retina

Cholesterol is essential for life in mammal. Yet, if it is chronically in excess, it is a risk factor for cardiovascular and Alzheimer's disease and likely age-related macular degeneration.

To delineate the putative link between cholesterol and age-related macular degeneration.

Characterization of retinal function of mice deficient in different enzymes involved in cholesterol elimination. Animals are assessed by optical coherence tomography, electroretinography, fluorescein angiography and optomotor response.

Students learn these techniques working with post-doctoral researchers responsible for these projects.

All studies are approved by the IACUC.

Dr. Irina Pikuleva

• Email:  [email protected]
• Phone: 216.368.3823

Research Topic: Contact Lens Related Complications

Ongoing clinical trials related to corneal infiltrative events associated with daily or extended wear of soft contact lenses. Fungal and bacterial biofilm-contact lens models and susceptibility to contact lens care products.

Assessment of sub-clinical corneal inflammation with confocal microscopy. Assessment of bacterial endotoxin and relationship to infiltrative events with soft lenses.

• Ocular and lens cultures for assessment of bioburden
• Reading/Assessment of stored confocal images
• Collection of worn lenses for biofilm formation
• Lab Assays (in conjunction with Dr. Pearlman’s lab) for endotoxin on lens surfaces or within solution

Active approved IRB protocols exist for current clinical trials on infiltrative events, biofilm studies, and assays of previously collected lenses, tears and images.

Excellent chance for authorship on investigator initiated studies of biofilm and endotoxin assays. Listing of authors will follow standard publishing guidelines. 

Other corporate-funded work may or may not allow authorship.

Dr. Loretta Szcztoka-Flynn

• Email:  [email protected]

Research Topic: Mechanisms of retinal degenerations

How do mutations in the light receptor rhodopsin cause retinal degenerations like retinitis pigmentosa? How does the retina protect against oxidative stresses that can lead to retinal degenerations such as retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration?

A multi-disciplinary approach is employed that includes biochemistry, molecular biology, animal models and biophysics.

All animal studies have approved IACUC protocols.

Excellent with track record of publications in major journals and presentations at national and international conferences.

Information about the laboratory can be found by browsing the Park Lab webpage.

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• v.11(1); Jan-Mar 2021

A neuro-ophthalmology banquet: A selection of topics from authors worldwide

Nancy j. newman.

1 Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

2 Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

3 Department of Neurological Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Valérie Biousse

Nancy J. Newman Valérie Biousse

We were honored last year to have been invited by the Taiwan Ophthalmological Society as their guests at the 60 th Anniversary Meeting, an extraordinary professional, academic, intellectual and social event. We were doubly honored when we were asked by the Editor-In-Chief David Hui-Kang Ma and his Editorial Board of the Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology to co-edit this special edition in the journal on neuro-ophthalmologic topics. Neuro-ophthalmology has always been an essential part of the training of every ophthalmologist worldwide. Irrespective of how specialized an ophthalmologist becomes in even the most tiny of portions of the eye, there can always be a neuro-ophthalmologic cause lurking behind a patient's seemingly straightforward presentation. Ophthalmologists are skilled in direct inspection of the eye and are used to actually seeing pathology rather than inferring it. Not seeing does not mean not knowing, however, and ophthalmologists can overcome their concerns by remembering their training in neuro-ophthalmology and continuing to refresh their education throughout their careers. Indeed, every ophthalmologist should be not only comfortable but also interested in that part of the visual system that lets the eye do what it needs to do so well.

This special issue contains four important review articles on basic topics in neuro-ophthalmology, a cutting-edge original research article, and a potpourri of case reports that run the gamut from unusual manifestations of common disorders, such as cataract and choroidal neovascularization, to common manifestations of less frequently encountered diseases, such as perineural spread of skin cancer.

Sharma et al . critically examine the evidence behind the use of the so-called “conservative” pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment options for acute central retinal artery occlusion, and conclude that no intervention has been convincingly shown to alter the natural history of this visually devastating disorder, and that management of these patients should especially focus on reducing their risk for subsequent ischemic events in both the eyes and the brain.

Lock et al . review the most common ophthalmological presentations of mitochondrial disorders, in particular progressive external ophthalmoplegia, macular pattern dystrophy, pigmentary retinopathy, optic neuropathy, and retrochiasmal visual field loss. Recognition of these symptoms and signs by ophthalmologists can facilitate accurate diagnosis of serious systemic and potentially life-threatening conditions. Furthermore, ophthalmologists can often provide helpful symptomatic treatment for many of these manifestations.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionized diagnosis and management in ophthalmology. The subspecialty of neuro-ophthalmology now relies heavily on OCT of the optic nerve and various layers of the retina for localizing and identifying a variety of pathologies and for following the course of a disease and its response to therapeutic interventions. The use of OCT measurements as an anatomic marker of the progression of various neurologic disorders has also led to its use in providing end points for clinical trials. Lo et al . provide a thorough appraisal of the recent advances and future directions in the use of OCT in neuro-ophthalmology.

All ophthalmologists are expected to recognize the classic symptoms and signs of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), especially headaches, papilledema, diplopia, and pulsatile tinnitus. Chen et al . provide a comprehensive review of the many rare atypical presentations of IIH, including asymmetric papilledema; cranial nerve palsies and even internuclear and supranuclear causes of diplopia; olfactory, facial nerve, trigeminal nerve, auditory/acoustic nerve, and lower cranial nerve dysfunction; and cerebrospinal fluid leak and seizures, raising awareness among clinicians that although other serious neurologic conditions should be investigated in these settings, unusual manifestations can and do occur.

In an original report of whether presenting demographic or clinical features of patients with IIH can predict papilledema severity, Micieli et al . studied 240 IIH patients and concluded that age, race, sex, and body mass index were similar in those patients with mild versus severe papilledema. Because severe papilledema was associated with a higher risk of visual acuity and visual field loss at follow-up, funduscopic examination assessing the degree of papilledema remains essential in identifying at presentation those IIH patients who require closer follow-up and potentially more aggressive management.

However, beyond the topic of neuro-ophthalmology, what ties together every one of these manuscripts written by authors originally hailing from all around the world is that these contributors have each spent some of their training in the Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit at Emory University. Over the past more than 30 years, Emory's neuro-ophthalmology service has proudly trained hundreds of medical students and residents in ophthalmology, neurology, and neurosurgery and more than seventy neuro-ophthalmology fellows, now practicing neuro-ophthalmology across six continents. We wish to thank all our authors for their superb work on these important contributions to this edition of the Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology . They do us proud!

Valérie Biousse and Nancy J. Newman are supported in part by NIH/NEI core grant P30-EY06360 (Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine), and by NIH/NINDS (RO1NSO89694).

Conflicts of interest

Nancy J. Newman is a consultant for GenSight, Santhera/Chiesi, Neurophoenix, and Stealth. Valérie Biousse is a consultant for GenSight and Neurophoenix.