lnat essays 2023

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The Ultimate LNAT Guide: Over 400 practice questions with fully worked solutions, Time Saving Techniques, Score Boosting Strategies, Annotated Essays. ... the National Admissions Test for Law (LNAT).

The best-selling LNAT preparation guide is back for the 2023 admissions cycle, including:

• Over 400 practice questions for the LNAT
• 15 full essays, annotated in detail by LNAT examiners
• A full walk-through of the techniques and tips needed for success in both sections.

If you’re applying for Law, you already know that the top universities expect an exceptional LNAT score. The Law National Aptitude Test (LNAT) is a notoriously difficult test, testing your comprehension and critical thinking, as well as your ability to write a sophisticated essay that guides its reader to a logical and reasoned conclusion – all within a tight time limit. Your score in the LNAT can make or break your application, as it tests all the skills that admissions departments look for in a top Law student and future lawyer. Therefore, it’s essential to score as highly as possible on this crucial exam.

Written by LNAT specialists and top Law tutors, and full of insider knowledge and tips, The Ultimate LNAT Guide is designed to help you make the most of your preparation, approach the test with confidence, and get those top scores.

Published by the leading Oxbridge and Law Admissions Company, the most fully comprehensive guide to the LNAT exam, and fully updated for the 2023 admissions cycle. The guide includes:

• 400 practice questions, written by experts exactly in the style of the real exam, to allow you to practice and revise successfully.
• Fully worked solutions, including 15 annotated sample essays to give you clear and thorough guidance to help you understand where the gaps in your knowledge are and to learn from your mistakes.
• Containing score-boosting tips, tricks, techniques, and advice all written by Law experts, and LNAT tutors.
• Time-saving strategies to help you beat the clock and answer efficiently.
• Advice to cover both sections extensively: Multiple Choice Questions (Section A) and Essay (Section B).

Hungry for more? Visit the Uni Admissions website for even more admissions test tips, personal statement resources, and application support, and see our range of other LNAT preparation materials on Amazon.

• ISBN-10 191509108X
• ISBN-13 978-1915091086
• Publication date September 20, 2021
• Language English
• Dimensions 8.5 x 0.62 x 11 inches
• Print length 274 pages
• See all details

From the Publisher

The lnat collection consists of three books packed into one; with realistic questions, & detailed worked solutions written by lnat admissions experts.

Published by UniAdmissions: Expert Advice by Law School Admissions Tutors

• Featured in the Guardian, Independent, The Times, Huffington Post & Channel 4
• 61% Oxbridge Success Rate
• More than 100 Books Published on University Entrance

Why you always want The Ultimate LNAT Collection for your LNAT preparation journey.

Updated for 2024.

• Written by LNAT examiners and expert tutors
• Insider knowledge and expertise
• Ensure you have all the right information

Get the best LNAT practice

• Thousands of realistic questions.
• Practice just like the real thing.
• Detailed worked solutions to help you learn.

Every Section Covered

• Includes: General Advice on both sections of the LNAT, Practice Papers, plus 4 Mock Papers with detailed worked solutions.
• 600+ Questions
• Covers all that you need to know about the LNAT test

Key advantages:

• A long history of admissions test books
• Always up to date with the latest LNAT specification
• Insights from LNAT examiners
• Contributions from LNAT admissions tutors and professors
• Detailed advice for both sections of the LNAT
• More than 600 practice questions which are just like the ones in the UCAT
• Fully Detailed and helpful worked solutions

Book 1 Included: The Ultimate LNAT Guide

This book will walk you through all of the question types and sections in the exam, is updated every year with loads of practice questions and solutions, and helps you practice and get better grades.

Book 2 Included: LNAT Practice Papers Volume 1

This title is packed with more full size mock LNAT papers than any other book , all just like the real deal. These can help you practice, boost your scores in each section, and revise every point of the specification while you are at it.

Book 3 Included: LNAT Practice Papers Volume 2

This books gives you access to all of our expertise as the UK's best LNAT teaching company.

Even more full size mock LNAT papers, all with worked solutions, give you more practice than ever before, or any other book. Use these as the pinnacle of your preparation for the LNAT. These help you make sure that you are completely ready for the real thing come exam day.

The Ultimate LNAT Collection gives you three huge LNAT books in one!

Make a huge saving by getting all of our books in one mammoth volume. All three books are included as part of the Ultimate LNAT Collection.

The Ultimate LNAT Guide

LNAT Practice Papers Volume 1

LNAT Practice Papers Volume 2

The Ultimate LNAT Collection

What makes UniAdmissions Books such high quality?

Product details

• Publisher ‏ : ‎ RAR Medical Services (September 20, 2021)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Paperback ‏ : ‎ 274 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 191509108X
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1915091086
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 2.31 pounds
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 8.5 x 0.62 x 11 inches
• #118 in Public Administration Law
• #4,965 in Test Prep & Study Guides
• #11,417 in Study Guides (Books)

About the authors

Rohan agarwal.

Dr Rohan Agarwal graduated in Medicine from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge and is the Headmaster & CEO at UniAdmissions. He has authored 100+ books on University admissions tests and interviews. Over the last 10 years, he has tutored hundreds of successful Oxbridge and Medical applicants. In addition, he has taught physiology at Cambridge and also interviewed prospective Cambridge medical School applicants. In his spare time, he enjoys playing the piano and table tennis.

William Antony

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The Complete Guide On How to Ace the LNAT 2024 and 2025

• Revised & updated LNAT 2024 Edition
• 30 Full-Length Practice Tests
• 360 LNAT-Style Passages
• 1,260 Multiple-Choice Questions
• All Answers Include Explanations
• 90 Essay Questions - with model answers
• Access for 12 months from the date of purchase
• Option to Repeat All Tests Thrice for Enhanced Practice
• Random Shuffling of Answers for Repeat Practice Sessions
• Try the Free Full Length LNAT 2024 Practice Test

The Law National Admissions Test (LNAT) was started by some of the popular Russell Group of Universities, to assist them in shortlisting and selecting students for their Law programs, from among the thousands who applied every year.

The LNAT helps understanding the abilities and competencies of the applicants from a perspective of their suitability to study the undergraduate law programs.

The LNAT is intended to assess your intellectual aptitude rather than your expertise in a specific subject.

Considering that applicants from diverse backgrounds apply for the Law programs, the LNAT is a standardized test that presents a similar challenge to all test-takers.

The ground rule for the LNAT is that no specific external knowledge is required or expected from the candidates. All the MCQs in section A need to be answered strictly on the basis of the information within the passages. There are no facts or figures to memorize for the text.

The LNAT does not have any pass or fail marks. The maximum marks that can be scored are 42 (out of 42), in Section A, which is automatically graded by the system.

The LNAT essay is sent ‘as is’ to the universities, to be internally assessed by them as per their specific criteria.

Unlike some other tests (e.g., GMAT), you can sit for the LNAT only once in every admission cycle. Therefore, it is very important to make your attempt count!

Format of the LNAT 2024

The LNAT is divided into two sections and candidates have 2 hours and 15 minutes (135 minutes) in total to complete the test.

Section A – There will be 42 multiple-choice questions based on 12 passages, each accompanied by three or four questions. Test-takers have 95 minutes to answer all questions.

Section B – candidates are given 40 minutes to respond to one of three essay questions on various topics. Candidates are expected to write an essay of between 500 – 700 words in length.

Any time saved in one section cannot be carried over to the other section.

Typically, we have seen that candidates are pressed for time in section A; and not so much in section B.

LNAT 2024 Section A – Explained

In section A, there will be 12 passages in total. 6 passages will have 3 questions following them and 6 will have four questions.

So, in total there will be 42 questions – each carrying 1 mark.

There is no negative marking in the LNAT, therefore, the minimum marks a candidate can theoretically score is 0 and the maximum is 42.

As per the official information, the passages for LNAT section A, will cover seven broad areas:

This list of seven is very deceptive – since most newspaper articles, book extracts or general essays will fit into one of these categories. Don’t believe it? Just pick any article from today’s Guardian website and it can be classified under one of these seven topics.

In short, the passages in the LNAT may be derived from anywhere and on any subject.

While no prior knowledge of any specific subject is necessary, practically speaking, having a good general awareness is beneficial.

While designing the LawMint LNAT practice tests, we analysed the lengths of the LNAT passages, and we found that they are typically between 400 to 700 words in length. With some exceptions, a majority of them are closer to 500 words.

We have ensured that the passages in our LNAT practice tests cover a wide range of topics; and average around 500 words.

Time management for Section A of LNAT

The LNAT is not a difficult test per se. If taking the test without any time constraint, many candidates can score 35+.

However, the average LNAT score of all test takers in the recent cycles has hovered a little over the 50% mark, i.e., 22/42. Why is that?

The key to getting a high MCQ score in the LNAT is time management.

Candidates will have 95 minutes to complete section A, which has 42 questions – which means that on an average, test takers will have 135 seconds per question – a little over 2 minutes per question.

You will have to read the passage, read the questions and the answer options and select the correct answer, all within 2 minutes per question.

• 6 passages will have 3 questions each – that translates to 6 minutes per passage
• 6 passages will have 4 questions each – that translates to 8 minutes per passage

This is where extensive practice is very essentially:

• to develop the skills required to read lengthy passages in a couple of minutes
• to train your eyes and your brain to skim over superfluous info and focus on the main content
• to quickly understand the context and the content of the passage and the questions
• to comprehend dense and vaguely written passages on a wide variety of subjects

When we designed the LawMint LNAT practice tests, we first selected 360 passages, from a wide variety of sources. From 18 th century books on philosophy and politics, to extracts from the latest scientific journals.

Even the questions are intentionally longer and a little more complex than what you will see in the actual LNAT.

If you score at around the 50% mark in the LawMint LNAT practice test series, you will score higher in the actual test.

Can verbal reasoning skills be taught?

The LNAT is first and foremost a test for verbal reasoning. The questions are designed to assess components of verbal reasoning, such as:

• Comprehension
• Interpretation

The multiple-choice section aims to assess some of your skills such as

• Do you possess an attention to detail or tend to make hasty assumptions?
• Can you draw reasonable conclusions from the data provided to you?
• Can you effectively discern between facts, opinions, and deductions?
• Are you able to recognize the constraints of a given assertion?
• Can you detect unspoken inferences or implications?
• Are you able to identify when claims lack sufficient evidence?

Nobody is a born expert. Be it physical or mental tasks, practice does make a person perfect.

So, yes; All of the skills required for acing the LNAT can be taught, developed and honed with practice.

Dealing with the MCQ section of the LNAT 2024

The most important rule for lnat section a – mcqs.

When you start practicing for the LNAT, you need to train yourself to ignore outside information.

The most basic rule for LNAT section A is that all the answers have to be within the given passage. Do not introduce any external data or information when you are going through the passages and the questions.

Anything that is not specifically stated, implied or can be inferred on the basis of the passage is external information.

For example, read this passage and answer the question that follows:

Passage: In the current European landscape, the United Kingdom holds a unique position within the European Union. As one of the largest economies in the bloc, Britain plays a pivotal role in shaping EU policies and regulations. Although it opts not to adopt the Euro as its official currency or join the Schengen Area, the UK enjoys the benefits of the European Single Market, enabling the free movement of goods, services, capital, and people. This access fosters economic growth and stimulates cultural exchange between Britain and the rest of Europe. The UK’s participation in the EU facilitates cooperation and collaboration, strengthening the region’s global influence.

Question: Which of the following statements is incorrect?

I. The United Kingdom holds a unique position within the European Union. II. Britain plays a pivotal role in shaping EU policies and regulations. III. UK enjoys the benefits of the European Single Market.

Option 1: All of the statements are correct Option 2: None of the statements are correct

As per your general awareness, the correct answer as of today, will be Option 2. However, there is nothing given in the passage to support Option 2. The passage explicitly supports Option 1. Therefore, Option 1 will be the correct answer, even though it is outdated.

How to answer LNAT section A questions

• Read the passage and understand the context, intent and content.
• Understand the progression and structure of an argument – in the passage as well as the question
• Pay close attention to the author’s tone – e.g., factual, neutral, opinionated, sarcastic, ironic, mocking.
• Differentiate between Facts, Assumptions, Inferences and Opinions – strictly on the basis of the passage.
• Read the questions carefully and understand what is being asked. For example, are there any double negatives? E.g., Isn’t it true that you don’t dislike pizza?
• Practice filtering out relevant information from extraneous material
• See which reading technique works for you – a thorough reading in the first pass, or a quick skim through first and focussed reading next
• Some test takers prefer reading the questions frost and then reading the passage. Some prefer an opposite approach – try and see which approach works best for you.

In the LawMint LNAT Practice Tests, there are 360 passages, with 1260 questions. Experiment with different techniques and see which ones work best for you.

When you repeat a practice test, the order of the questions under each passage, and the answer options – both are shuffled for better repeat practice.

The LNAT 2024 Essay – Section B

The section ‘B’ essay part of the LNAT requires you to write a 500-to-600-word essay on one of the three given essay questions or prompts. The time limit is 40 minutes.

In each of our LNAT practice tests, you will be given three essay questions or prompts to choose from. Such as:

• Can a policy of complete open borders be justified? Discuss the potential benefits and drawbacks.
• Should social media platforms be held accountable for the spread of fake news? Explain your answer.
• Should the use of facial recognition technology by law enforcement be regulated? Explain your answer.

Unlike the MCQ section, the LNAT essay is not marked. The LNAT essay is sent ‘as is’ to the universities chosen by the test-taker.

The universities evaluate the applicant essays as per their own admissions process. Some may give the essay significant weightage in the overall candidature; whereas others may use it as an additional parameter, used marginally at best.

The important thing to remember about these essay questions is that they do not have a right or a wrong answer.

The essay is being used to evaluate your:

• Ability to understand the topic
• Ability to write a concise and compelling argument
• Ability to defend a point of view
• Command of the English language

Each of the three essay questions will appears in its own screen. Answer only one question. You can view all three of them by using the ‘Next’ and ‘Back’ buttons and select the essay question you like.

The LNAT essay question screen will have buttons for ‘cut’, ‘copy’, ‘paste’, ‘undo’ and ‘redo’. There is no spelling or grammar check function.

The system has a built-in word counter at the bottom of the text field. The ideal length of the essay is 500-to-600-words, translating to approximately one A4 page of content; to be written in around 30 minutes. The remaining 10 minutes should be used to review and polish your essay.

How to approach the section B essay

In our LNAT practice tests, we have provided 90 essay questions for extensive practice. By writing essays on a wide array of topics, you will become comfortable with structuring the information you have in a compelling manner.

• Plan a balanced essay – The essay should display your ability to consider multiple aspects of the topics, both pros and cons.
• Put your thoughts down – Type out your thoughts to create the basic outline of your essay. You can then build on the outline.
• Keep an eye on the clock – Remember, thirty minutes for planning and typing out the 500–600-word essay; and 10 minutes to edit and polish it.
• Argumentative not Opinionated! – Your essay should be based mostly on arguments and not simply on opinions. Your data and evidence to support your arguments.

Practicing for the LNAT 2024

Try out the free LNAT practice tests available on the official website and other sources.

The more you practice, the better prepared you are for the real LNAT.

Check out LawMint LNAT 2024 Practice Test – which includes 360 passages, 30 full length tests with 1260 questions and 90 essay questions.

Stay tuned for more articles on how to crack the LNAT.

UCL Faculty of Laws

LNAT Advice and Guidance

Find out more about the LNAT and how to prepare for the test

Book your LNAT test here.

Don't forget - All applicants to UCL Laws Undergraduate Programmes must take the LNAT  alongside their UCAS application.

All applicants to undergraduate degree programmes at UCL Laws must take the LNAT alongside the UCAS application. You must take the test  no later than  31 December 2023 (some universities have earlier deadlines).

Please note that applicants who register for the LNAT just before the registration deadline may experience difficulties obtaining an available test slot by 31 December 2023 due to high demand. We recommend registering and booking the test as early as possible to avoid this problem.

If you do not take the LNAT by the 31 December 2023 deadline, your application will be regarded as a late application, and therefore we will not be able to consider you for a place on one of our LLB degree programmes in the relevant admissions cycle, even if your original application was submitted by the UCAS deadline of 31 January 2024.

Test Centres

You can register to take the LNAT at a test centre near you: the LNAT has 500 test centres in 165 countries around the world.

If you are unable to take the LNAT because there are no test centres in your home country, or your local test centres are closed due to an enforced lockdown relating to COVID-19, please contact [email protected] before 31 December 2023 and include your UCAS ID number so we can make appropriate checks. We will be able to provide an alternative test if you are unable to book a test at an official test centre.

LNAT bursaries

LNAT have a bursary system under which they waive the test fee altogether for those in receipt of certain state benefits in their country of residence. This applies to UK and EU applicants only, sitting at UK and EU test centres only.

For more information please visit the LNAT bursaries website .

Reasonable adjustments

If you require special arrangements for the LNAT please follow the instructions on the LNAT website well in advance of the deadline. If you are struggling to get a test arranged, please get in touch with us ahead of the LNAT deadline.

Extenuating circumstances

Before the test If you feel unwell (mental or physical) before your test, we suggest that you reschedule your test rather than sitting your LNAT examination. If you decide to take the test when you are unwell, we will have no way of knowing how you would have done if you had not been unwell and will therefore not be able to take into consideration your circumstances.

To confirm, if you attend the exam you are declaring you are fit to do so and the mark you achieve will stand. You will not be permitted to receive any additional consideration from UCL Laws relating to that assessment unless you fall into the category below.

During the test If there is an incident while you are sitting the test (e.g. a fire alarm or you suddenly fall ill), the test centre will do what it can to minimise the disruption (and to let you finish your test if you are well). The incident will be logged and you will be given an incident number by the test centre staff. Once you have your incident number you need to contact the LNAT Consortium at once so that the incident can be investigated and, where appropriate, a resit test offered (please request a resit if your test was negatively affected).

If you were unable to continue with your test due to a sudden illness, you will need to request an approved resit from LNAT. We will then disregard your first attempt and use your resit score, even if your original score is higher than your resit.

More information on test day problems can be found on the LNAT website .

About the LNAT

The LNAT measures the reasoning skills at the heart of legal education, including:

• comprehension
• interpretation

The LNAT is a two-part test. The first part includes multiple-choice questions based on passages of text, and the second part requires you to answer one of three essay questions. The LNAT is a computer-based test and lasts for two hours and 15 minutes.

When you have completed the test, your scores from the multiple-choice section are checked by computer, and a mark out of 42 is created. This mark is known as the LNAT score. Your LNAT score and your essay will be sent to participating universities, including UCL. Your results from the LNAT are then used to supplement your university application and demonstrate your aptitude for studying undergraduate law.

You are advised to familiarise yourself with the style and the format of the test before you take it. The LNAT website provides lots of resources and information to help you prepare for the test and what to expect.

• Find out more about how to register and book a test on the LNAT website .

LNAT Guidance from UCL Laws 

Our top tips for preparing for the LNAT

1)  The test is designed to provide an assessment of a candidate’s potential for studying law. You should read the information available on the LNAT website , including the ‘ Guide to Preparing for the LNAT ’.

2) Practise, practise, practise.

• The best way to improve at anything is to practise, and the LNAT is no different. You are only allowed one attempt at the LNAT, so the more practise you do now the better prepared you will be. Start with small steps now.

3) The LNAT must be completed at a test centre, and this will be an unfamiliar place, using unfamiliar software. One of the best things you can do to familiarise yourself beforehand in order that you’re able to perform as your best without being unsettled by the environment is to use the official LNAT test simulator . This will familiarise you with the real LNAT as it will appear on screen during your LNAT test. You’ll be able to practise navigating the screens, ensuring you:

1) Don’t make any mistakes in navigation (such as ending the test too early!),

2) That you’re comfortable using the navigation so that you don’t need to spend time and your precious mental energy figuring it out on the day, and

3) Feel familiar with the environment and are therefore able to relax, as it’s something you’ve seen before.

That way you will be able to perform well in the test itself.

• As well as practising to learn about the test structure itself, you can also benefit from practising the individual components of the test, namely the multiple choice question section (95 minutes) and the essay component (40 minutes).
• The multiple choice section is divided into 12 sub sections; each sub section has between 3 and 4 questions giving 42 questions in total. Each question has only one correct answer.
• Improve your ability to read and comprehend complicated passages of text, at test speed..
• Get an understanding of how much time you need to allocate to answer the questions within the time limit.
• Be able to pace yourself and your reading time appropriately so that you don’t run out of time at the end.
• It’s better to have time to consider and answer all of the questions, than taking too long at the start and not having the time to properly consider the later questions.
• Don’t forget that if you are really struggling on a question, that it is OK to leave it and return at the end if you have time. Don’t let getting stuck on one question deflect your concentration from answering the others or dent your confidence. You are not expected to get full marks in this test.
• Don’t overanalyse the questions – they are not there to trick you. Do think carefully about every word in the question. What are you being asked? The answer is in the text.  

4) The LNAT essay provides a choice of three essay questions, you must select and answer one.

• The LNAT as a whole is designed to assess your verbal reasoning skills. Skills which are essential to the successful study of law.
• Verbal reasoning skills include comprehension, interpretation, analysis, synthesis, and deduction.
• The LNAT questions are based on short passages of text that you are given during the test.
• There is no subject-specific revision you can do for the LNAT questions. However, the passages of text will fall into these seven general categories: law, philosophy, politics, media, science, ethics, and education.In fact, relying too much on your own prior knowledge can be a false friend in this kind of assessment. Do not rely on what you know from other sources in answering the multiple-choice questions. The questions are always only about the passage itself. If there is something in the passage you disagree with or know to be incorrect, that does not matter, treat the passage as true for the purposes of the test.
• Once again, there is no prior knowledge of these areas that is required to be able to do well in the test, but a general awareness of current affairs is recommended, both by UCL and by the LNAT itself.

LNAT Essay Guidance

• Comprehensiveness and accuracy;
• Clarity of argument and expression;
• Integration of a range of arguments;
• Insight into the theoretical issues.
• ‘Read ahead – The more you know about current affairs, the greater the chance you will have of getting essay questions you understand and have some prior knowledge and familiarity with.
• Read a broadsheet newspaper. The advice provided on the LNAT website is worth repeating:

As you read -

• Think about the issues being raised;
• What assumptions are being made?
• What information is being relied on to draw which conclusion?
• How would you frame a counterargument?

Reading a quality daily newspaper will help you to be aware of the world around you. The LNAT essay topics will not be specifically about current affairs, and you will not be judged by what facts you know. But knowing how the world ticks, in general terms, will help you to write intelligently about a host of different topics.

• We have listed some newspapers below worth considering. You can read the online versions (usually freely available, although registration may be required). If you do read the online versions, remember to read the comment pieces as well as the news. (One question you might ask yourself: What exactly is the difference between news and comment? Is the contrast really apparent in practice?)
• The Economist
• The Financial Times
• The Guardian
• The Independent
• The Irish Times
• The New York Times
• The Scotsman
• The Sydney Morning Herald
• The Daily Telegraph
• The Washington Post

Pick the right question – Identify which question you have lots of knowledge about, not necessarily the one that you feel most strongly about. You will need to argue different points of view so make sure you have enough information to make a balanced discussion. Make sure you fully understand the question; if you don’t, pick another question.

• Plan the structure of your essay – You will only have 40 minutes, so before you start writing, think about what points you want to make and how you will create a concise, balanced argument on your chosen topic. Make sure the structure of your essay is logical and progresses in a structured way.
• Plan your time – A common mistake is for students to spend too much time on writing their introduction or making a single point. Allocate time to planning the essay structure, writing the introduction, middle, conclusion and to checking your work.
• Make your essay stand out – Consider what supporting evidence your argument has and how it can be used to best effect. Try not to be obvious and give ‘middle of the road’ bland answers. Instead, try to ‘think outside the box’ and demonstrate creativity in your arguments. Could the question itself be flawed?
• Evaluate any flaws or potential implications in the points you make. Don’t just give opinions – Without having an in-depth knowledge of a subject, it is easy to fall into the trap of using opinion to argue, rather than giving evidence. The essay is not looking for your assertions, but how you can build a case using the evidence you have available.’
• Practise writing essays under timed conditions on a computer, prior to sitting the test. Ask your teachers to set questions for you!

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LNAT Sample Essays

• Updated on  
• Dec 3, 2022

LNAT or National Admission test for law is an aptitude test that is conducted across 89 universities in the UK before offering admissions into their law programmes . Due to an ever increasing competition, this test was developed by oxford university to solve the problems faced by institutes with respect to shortlisting candidates. LNAT is mandatory for both home as well as international students, applying for law courses in the UK . LNAT is a 130 minute long exam that consists of 2 sections; an MCQ type and an essay type. In this blog we bring you various practise questions that’ll help you ace your LNAT Sample essays.  

LNAT Sample Essays: Structure and Format

While writing the essay it is important to keep the following points in mind in order to write a well-structured essay.

• What – try to understand the motion that is put forward. Is the motion based on law, politics, economics or ethics? What exactly is being asked of you? While writing the essay you are required to display high levels of critical thinking which must be visible in your essay.
• Why – ask yourself why this question is being asked? What could be the purpose of such a statement? Provide evidence to suggest the accuracy or inaccuracy of the motion. Question why you are required to use certain terms, phrases or literary technique. Your analytical ability and persuasiveness will be put to test.
• How- how is this statement concluded and what are the practicalities of implementing it? What are the ways in which this can be challenged? How can it be enforced and monitored? You will be required to provide solid logical reasoning and demonstrate how your answer forms a conclusion.
• What if – another question you must ask yourself is about the alternatives you have provided in your essay. Are there any views to consider? What are the practical implications of the arguments you have put forth? Can those be challenges? If yes, how? Weigh in both the strengths and weaknesses of your argument.

Practise Questions 

Here are some of the best questions that can help you practise for LNAT essays: 

• What disciplinary sanctions should teachers be allowed to use?
• Make the best case you can for public funding of the arts.
• How should judges be appointed?
• ‘It is right that students should contribute to the cost of their degrees.’ Do you agree?
• Does it matter if some animal and plant species die out?
• What is ‘political correctness’ and why does it matter?
• Should the law require people to vote in general elections?
• We must be prepared to sacrifice traditional liberties to defeat terrorism.’
• Should private cars be rationed? If so, how?
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LNAT Sample Essay

Should the privacy of the accused be maintained in Criminal legal proceedings?

The criminal justice system is rooted on the principle that the suspect is innocent until proven guilty by the court of law. This principle is applicable whether the person is renowned in the public sphere, therefore making the case susceptible to prejudice or someone wholly anonymous. Therefore, I am of the opinion that wherever possible, the anonymity of the accused ought to be maintained. There are several reasons to believe so. Firstly and most importantly, the legal system ought to be free from biases and prejudices. Secondly, publishing the accused’s identity does not serve public interest. It would be a gross breach of an individual’s right to privacy when publishing the identity.

The nature of the legal process is a dialectic process; it is a rule of thumb that the prosecutor must prove the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt.  the defence ought to cast doubt on the case of the prosecution or prove the defendant’s innocence. This process necessitates the gathering of evidence, familiarity with the facts pertinent to the case and precedents set by the previous cases. If a defendant’s anonymity is compromised that could potentially colour the legal proceedings with public prejudice. This would be antithetical to the very nature of legal process. 

A public bias is as dangerous as any other bias and can impact the legal proceedings in negative ways. Therefore there is the possibility that the disclosure of the accused’s identity can impact the objectivity of the court. The accused only ought to be tried by the court and not by the media. 

To elaborate on the 2nd issue, the publishing of the accused identity can be extremely counterproductive and in general unhelpful to the public interest. Media trials can be extremely dehumanizing which apart from affecting the trial can additionally impact the accused life if found to be innocent.  

Most importantly, an individual’s right to privacy has been recognized as a fundamental right. A man acquitted 100 times is the same as a man once or never prosecuted at all, but seldom do the larger public view the situation from a legal perspective. The person may never escape the humiliation and public prejudice of having once been accused. 

In conclusion, I’d like to reiterate the importance of maintaining anonymity in a case of criminal accusation. It is a fair argument that the public at large ought to know the argument of the criminal who threatens their safety and security, however the principles of law dictates that a person is innocent until proven guilty. By abiding by this view, we can maintain the objectivity of the court and preserve the dignity of the accused.

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LNAT (National Admissions Test for Law)

What is the lnat, how do i register, when do i take the test.

• How do I get my results?

Practice materials

If you are applying for either  Law or Law with Law Studies in Europe , you will be required to sit the LNAT as part of your application.

The Law National Admissions Test (LNAT)  is a 2-hour 15-minute test divided into two sections.

Section A is a computer-based, multiple-choice exam consisting of 42 questions. The questions are based on 12 passages, with 3 or 4 multiple-choice questions on each. You are given 95 minutes to answer all of the questions.

You’ll be asked to read passages of text and answer questions that test your comprehension of them. Your answers to the multiple-choice section of the test are checked by computer, and a mark out of 42 is created. This is known as your LNAT score.

In Section B you will be given 40 minutes to write an essay from a list of three proposed subjects. This section is marked by the tutors at the college to which you apply, and this mark is taken into account as part of the selection process. The essay is your opportunity to show your ability to construct a compelling argument and reach a conclusion.

The LNAT isn’t designed to test your knowledge of Law or any other subject. Instead, it helps us to assess your aptitude for studying Law. 

Why do I have to take a test?

Most applicants to Oxford University have outstanding academic credentials. It can therefore be difficult for us to choose between so many well-qualified candidates, especially as applicants come from all over the world and take different qualifications.

Tests give us an extra piece of information for every student who has applied for a given course, wherever they are from. Considered together with the other elements of the application, this helps us to identify the very best candidates. However, there is no specific mark that will guarantee that you will be invited to interview.

The tests vary each year, and your test score will be considered alongside the scores of other students who apply for your course.

Do I have to pay?

The LNAT is administered by an independent company who charge candidates a fee of £75 to take the test in the UK or EU. If you are taking the test in a centre outside the UK or EU there is a fee of £120.

However, we do not wish the cost of sitting the test to be a barrier to doing so. An LNAT bursary scheme is available to candidates struggling to pay for their LNAT test. Test fees will be waived for UK/EU students in receipt of certain state benefits.

You must apply for a bursary before booking the LNAT. It could take at least a week to process a bursary application from the date of receipt so you should allow for this extra time when planning your LNAT booking.

For more information on applying for a bursary please read the detailed information about LNAT bursaries  on the LNAT website.

How are the tests designed and reviewed?

The LNAT is not run by Oxford University. The test is used by nine UK universities as part of their admissions process for undergraduate applications to Law.

The content of the LNAT is managed by the members of the LNAT Consortium (made up of six of those universities) and the test itself is administered by Pearson VUE, under contract to LNAT. A statistical report is produced each year for reviewing purposes and made publicly available.

Find out more about the LNAT . 

In order to register for the LNAT you must follow these steps: 

Step 1: Set up an account on the LNAT website .

You can do this from 1 August in the year you intend to apply. There are further instructions on the information you will need to provide and how to do this are on the LNAT website . 

Step 2:  Register with a test centre. 

Candidates sitting the LNAT normally do so in a registered Pearson VUE test centre. There are over 500 LNAT test centres around the world with 150 in the UK. 

To find your nearest test centres you can use the LNAT  live test centre locator . If you cannot find your country listed in the test centre locator or in the list of test centres scheduled to open soon, please  contact the LNAT Administrator .

Step 3:   Book your test .

In order to meet our deadlines, you should register for the LNAT by 15 September and take the LNAT before 15 October in the year you apply.

You may take the test on any day when there is availability at your chosen test centre between those dates. The earlier you book, the more chance you have of getting an appointment on the day of your choice. You are therefore strongly advised to begin making arrangements as soon as possible.

Step 4:   Pay for your test .

The LNAT must be paid for online in advance of your test, either via credit or debit card. If you do not have to an acceptable payment card, or live in a  country with credit card verification problems , you can apply for LNAT vouchers. 

Find out more about LNAT bursaries . 

Access arrangements

If you are normally entitled to access requirements in your exams (e.g. extended time for dyslexia, arrangements for impaired mobility, hearing or vision) you shouldn’t book your test online. Instead, you should follow Step 1 to register, then fill out an  Examination Access Requirements form , which you should submit, alongside appropriate documentary evidence, before booking your test.

Please note that while some examination access arrangements, such as extra time, can be verified and accommodated within a few days, others such as booking a reader recorder will take at least three weeks. Please allow for this extra time when planning to take your LNAT.

Once your request has been approved you will be given instructions on booking your test.

Visit the LNAT website for further information on access arrangements .

Candidates for the LNAT must take the test before 15 October in the year they apply, but not before the summer holiday of the year in which they apply. Please see below for a summary of the important dates and deadlines:

• 1 August – 15 September : Register and book the LNAT. It is highly recommended to register and book by 15 September in order to secure an LNAT test date before the 15 October deadline. A delay in booking may mean applicants have to travel further to an available LNAT location.
• On or before 15 October : Take your test. In order for your score to be considered by us, you must sit your test before or on 15 October.
• 15 October : Deadline to submit your UCAS form

On the test day:

It is important that you arrive at the test centre at least 15 minutes before the scheduled start of your test. Please note that on the day of the test, you must take a printout of your confirmation email and a  recognised form of photo-identification  (such as a passport). If you do not bring ID you will not be allowed to sit the test.

If you don't take the admissions test(s) required for your course, either because you didn't register or didn't attend on the test day, then your application will be significantly affected. Your UCAS form will still be viewed by our admissions tutors. However, as the admissions test forms an important part of our selection process it will be extremely difficult for your application to be competitive when viewed against other candidates who have fulfilled all the admissions criteria.

It is not possible to re-sit the LNAT once completed. If you were ill on the day of the LNAT please contact the Law faculty ( [email protected] ) and let them know, include your UCAS PID and LNAT registration number. If there was some form of disruption at the test centre you should ask for an incident number on the day of the test and contact the LNAT Consortium as soon as possible afterwards.

Read more information on the complaints procedure .

How do I get my results?     

Candidates sitting the LNAT will receive their results in mid-February.

All scores and essay will be made available to the Law Faculty selection committee in time for them to make their shortlisting decisions in November, so candidates do not need to send their results to us separately.

Taking any type of test or exam can be stressful, but you can help build your confidence by doing a bit of preparation ahead of time.

You may also do better in the real test if you've had a chance to practise some sample or past papers, and got used to the format and timings of the admissions test you have to take.

Here are our top tips for preparing for the LNAT:

• Review the sample papers for the LNAT provided below. This will help you to feel familiar with the test paper and know what to expect. Make sure to have a look at the online simulation  too.
• Sit at least one past paper under test conditions. This is really important as it will help you get used to how much time to allocate to each question.
• Have a look at the LNAT website, which contains lots of useful information on how to prepare including hints and tips from former candidates and an LNAT preparation guide .

Don't worry if you find the past or specimen papers very difficult - they're supposed to be! All our tests are designed to stretch you further than you have been stretched before – most candidates will find them really hard.

Section A practice papers

The first section of the LNAT is a screen-based multiple-choice test of 42 questions. You may find it useful to familiarise yourself with the format of the test using  this online sample test . You may also like to attempt the following practice test papers which can be downloaded as PDFs. Remember you are given 95 minutes to answer all of the questions.

• Practice test paper 1
• Practice test paper 2
• Practice test commentary
• Practice test marking scheme

Section B essay questions

In the second section of the LNAT you will be given 40 minutes to write an essay from a list of three proposed subjects. Here are a few sample essay questions for you to think about. Remember that you get 40 minutes to write a maximum of 750 words – ideally about 500-600 words .  

• How should judges be appointed?
• Make the best case you can for public funding of the arts.
• Does it matter if some animal and plant species die out? 
• ‘It is right that students should contribute to the cost of their degrees.’ Do you agree?
• What disciplinary sanctions should teachers be allowed to use?
• ‘We must be prepared to sacrifice traditional liberties to defeat terrorism.’ Discuss.
• Should the law require people to vote in general elections?
• Should private cars be rationed? If so, how?
• What is ‘political correctness’ and why does it matter? 
• Make the best case you can for public funding of the arts
• Does it matter if some animal and plant species die out?
• What is 'political correctness' and why does it matter?

Further resources

You may wish to prepare by simply reading a good quality English-language newspaper. As you read, think about the issues being raised; what assumptions are being made? What information is being relied on to draw which conclusion? How would you frame a counterargument? This will help you to be aware of the world around you.

The LNAT essay topics will not be specifically about current affairs, and you will not be judged by what facts you know. But knowing how the world ticks, in general terms, will help you to write intelligently about a host of different topics.

We have listed some newspapers below worth considering. You can read the online versions (usually freely available, although registration may be required).

If you do read the online versions, remember to read the comment pieces as well as the news. (One question you might ask yourself: What exactly is the difference between news and comment? Is the contrast really apparent in practice?)

• The Economist
• The Financial Times
• The Guardian
• The Independent
• The Irish Times
• The New York Times
• The Scotsman
• The Sydney Morning Herald
• The Daily Telegraph
• The Washington Post

As part of your preparation you may also like to look at some materials on critical thinking. Here is a selection. Some of them include exercises that can help you develop your LNAT skills.

• Alec Fisher,  Critical Thinking: An Introduction  (Cambridge University Press, 2001) 
• Roy van den Brink-Budgen,  Critical Thinking for Students  (How to Books, 2000)
• Nigel Warburton,  Thinking From A to Z  (Routledge, 2000) 
• Peter Gardner,  New Directions: Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking  (Cambridge University Press, 2006)  (mainly for those who have English as a second language)

YOU MUST TAKE THE LNAT IF YOU ARE APPLYING FOR:

Law  (M100) Law with Law Studies in Europe  (5 options)

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For the admissions cycle for 2025 entry the Faculty of Law requires prospective applicants to sit the Law National Aptitude Test (LNAT) as a pre-interview admissions assessment. The LNAT is an internationally recognised standard for assessing applicants’ abilities in reading comprehension, inductive and deductive reasoning, verbal reasoning, and analysis, all of which are necessary skills to do well in Law at university. The LNAT does not assess intelligence or your knowledge of the law.

Cambridge will use both sections of the LNAT to assess applicants. The first section consists of 42 multiple choice questions relating to 12 argumentative passages over 95 minutes. The second is an essay in response to one of three possible questions in 40 minutes, for a total examination time of two hours and 15 minutes. The essay component will be marked centrally at Cambridge.

Please note that the LNAT will be used to deselect applicants (that is, it will be used, along with all other relevant information, in determining which applicants will be invited for interview), as well as for the selection of applicants.

Applicants are expected to sit their LNAT in September or early October, as the LNAT must have been completed by Cambridge’s 15 October UCAS deadline. Applicants may book their LNAT tests when registration opens on 1 August. Tests are completed at testing centres affiliated with the LNAT’s testing provider, Pearson Vue.

The fee for taking the LNAT is £75 at UK/EU test centres and £120 at test centres in the rest of the world. There is an LNAT bursary scheme available to candidates struggling to pay for their LNAT test. Test fees will be waived for UK/EU students in receipt of certain state benefits. Candidates must apply for their bursary before booking their LNAT.

To book your LNAT test, or to see further information, including sample tests, please visit the LNAT website .

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Sample LNAT Essay: Should Prisoners Have The Right To Vote?

Posted by Catherine Robinson on October 14, 2023

Hello! My name is Catherine Robinson, and I offer one-to-one LNAT tuition that covers both sections of the exam. More information on my tuition can be found by clicking   here .

Scroll to the bottom of the page to find the sample LNAT essay on prisoner voting rights.

What is the LNAT essay?

The LNAT essay is a 40-minute written task that assesses your ability to construct a persuasive argument. It is an opportunity for you to showcase your critical thinking, analytical skills, and ability to communicate effectively.

Understand the question

Before you start writing, take the time to carefully read and understand the essay question. Identify the key terms and concepts, and make sure you have a clear understanding of what is being asked. This will help you structure your essay and ensure that you address the question directly.

Plan your essay

Planning is crucial when it comes to writing a successful LNAT essay. Take a few minutes to brainstorm ideas, create an outline, and organise your thoughts. This will help you stay focused and ensure that your essay has a logical flow.

Structure your essay

A well-structured essay is easier to read and understand. Start with an introduction that provides an overview of your argument and sets the tone for the rest of the essay. Then, develop your argument in the body paragraphs, using evidence and examples to support your points. Finally, conclude your essay by summarising your main points and restating your thesis.

Use evidence and examples

When writing your LNAT essay, it is important to support your arguments with evidence and examples. This will make your essay more persuasive and convincing. Use relevant facts, statistics, and real-life examples to back up your claims and strengthen your argument. 

Be concise and clear

In a time-limited task like the LNAT essay, it is important to be concise and clear in your writing. Avoid unnecessary repetition and wordiness. Use clear and straightforward language to convey your ideas effectively. It is much better to write in plain and simple language than convoluted flowery language.

Practice, practice, practice

Like any skill, essay writing requires practice. Take the time to practice writing LNAT essays under timed conditions. This will help you improve your time management skills and help familiarise yourself with the format and requirements of the test.

Seek feedback

After writing practice essays, seek feedback from teachers, tutors, or peers. They can provide valuable insights and suggestions for improvement.

Example Essay: Should Prisoners Have The Right To Vote?

The question of whether prisoners should have the right to vote is a contentious and complex issue. On one hand, there is a compelling argument that denies prisoners this right, based on their transgressions against society. However, it is misguided to withhold this fundamental right because it disregards principles of rehabilitation, citizenship, and inclusivity. This essay will explore the reasons for denying prisoners the vote, consider the counterarguments, and ultimately argue that prisoners should indeed have the right to vote.

One of the primary arguments against prisoners' right to vote is the notion of punishment and retribution. Critics argue that prisoners, by virtue of their crimes, have forfeited their rights as citizens, including the right to vote. They contend that this serves as a deterrent, discouraging individuals from engaging in criminal behaviour. However, this perspective is short-sighted. The purpose of incarceration extends beyond mere punishment. It is also about rehabilitation and reintegration into society. By allowing prisoners to vote, we acknowledge their status as citizens and foster a sense of responsibility. Voting can be a step towards reintegration, encouraging prisoners to engage in civic life and making them more likely to become law-abiding citizens upon release.

A second argument against prisoners' suffrage is the concern that their votes could have a disproportionate impact on elections. Critics argue that since prisoners are confined to a controlled environment, their votes could skew election results. However, democracy thrives on inclusivity and the participation of all eligible citizens. Excluding prisoners from the electoral process contradicts this fundamental principle. It creates a disenfranchised class within society, undermining the democratic ideals we hold dear. By allowing prisoners to vote, we send a message that every citizen's voice matters, regardless of their circumstances.

A third argument against prisoners' voting rights is the "slippery slope" concern. Critics argue that if we allow prisoners to vote, it may open the door to extending voting rights to other non-citizens or individuals with severe criminal records. To address this concern, we can establish safeguards to ensure that only eligible prisoners can vote, such as limiting voting rights to those convicted of less serious offenses or those nearing the end of their sentences. This approach balances the right to vote with the need for practical limitations.

In conclusion, denying prisoners the right to vote may seem like a form of just punishment, but it contradicts the principles of rehabilitation, citizenship, and inclusivity. Allowing prisoners to vote can contribute to their reintegration into society and uphold democratic ideals. By taking a pragmatic approach with safeguards, we can ensure that the electoral process remains fair and just. Ultimately, prisoners should have the right to vote, as it is not only in their best interest but also in the best interest of society as a whole.

Want help writing LNAT essays that will impress the admissions tutor? I will guide you through a step-by-step method to writing high quality LNAT essays. Find out more information   here .

More stuff you may like:

Sample LNAT Essay: Why is Theft Wrong?

Sample LNAT Essay: "A good sex education is vital in schools and shouldn't be subject to religious or cultural taboos." Discuss.

Sample LNAT Essay: How Should Judges Be Appointed?

Sample LNAT Essay: ‘It is right that students should contribute to the cost of their degrees.'  Do you agree?

Sample LNAT Essay: What disciplinary sanctions should teachers be allowed to use?

Sample LNAT Essay: Should private cars be rationed? If so, how?

Sample LNAT Essay: ‘We must be prepared to sacrifice traditional liberties to defeat terrorism.' Discuss

Sample LNAT Essay: Should the law require people to vote in general elections?

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LNAT Guides

LNAT Results - The Definitive Guide to your LNAT Score

Written by: Matt Amalfitano-Stroud

After finishing your Law National Admissions Test (LNAT), you’ll most likely want to know how well you did as soon as possible, as well as what your chosen Universities thought of your performance. Depending on where you are with your application, you may still be eagerly awaiting these results, or you may have already received them and are wondering what happens next.  

We’ve prepared a comprehensive guide to LNAT scoring, delivery of results and what your score means for your application. Keep reading to answer all your LNAT results questions!

HOW IS THE LNAT SCORED?

Sections A and B of the LNAT are scored very differently, so let’s have a look at everything you can expect from each.  

Section A consists of 42 multiple choice questions spread across 12 passages . Your score in this section simply depends on how many questions you answer correctly, so the result you receive will be a mark out of 42. A percentage may also be given, but typically you will just receive the numerical score.  

Learn more about Section A with our LNAT Section A Guide .

Section B is unique, as it does not directly impact your results in the exam at all. You will be required to write a short essay ( 750-word limit ) on one of three questions available in the exam. There is not a standardised method of quantifying your essay’s score, nor is there a specific requirement for universities to consider it towards the application.

Check out our LNAT Section B Guide to find out more!

How do Universities use Section B of the LNAT?

Most unis will use the essay as a means of judging your writing ability in a time-sensitive environment. Some will place a greater emphasis on the essay than others, such as Oxford who state the essay is very important in their decision making (they even have their ow n numerical scoring system which marks your essay out of 100, an example of which is seen here).  

Using Oxford as a base for essay marking, an average successful applicant should be aiming for a score between 60-70%. From the results seen in the graph, 44.75% of successful applicants scored between 60 and 67 in their essay.   

Although some universities do not automatically consider the Section B Essay towards your application, it is always worth putting in the effort to make it high quality in the time you have available. In some cases the essay may be what the admission team use to choose between very balanced applicants. Writing your essay to a high standard will help you standout in from the competition. 

Essay Scores for Successful Oxford Applicants (2020-21)

WHEN DO I GET MY RESULTS?

As you may be aware, there are two separate deadlines for completing the LNAT.  Will this affect when you get your results, or when the universities see them? Let us explain how it works…

Students applying to Oxford University Law (Jurisprudence ) and Cambridge University Law will need to have completed the LNAT by October 15th , which is in line with the Oxbridge application deadline. All other universities requiring the LNAT will require you to complete it by January 20th . (This excludes late applications from international students, who may sit the exam as late as July 31st).  

As the LNAT is a computer-based assessment, results are calculated automatically once the exam is finished.

Your chosen universities will be the first to receive the results, as they will need this for their shortlisting process. For any students that sit the LNAT before October 20th , unis will receive results on October 21st. After this date, all unis will receive results approximately 24 hours after the exam was sat.

When Will I get my Results?

For applicants, results will be delivered via email . Applicants who sit the exam before the January deadline will receive their results in early February , while later submissions will receive results in mid-August (bear in mind that later submissions are uncommon).  

Due to the marking scheme for the LNAT, you will only receive a result for Section A of the assessment. Universities that do mark Section B will most likely not share any results, although some may provide feedback.  

Preparing for the LNAT? Exams.Ninja can get you prepared for success.

With the Exams.Ninja LNAT Preparation Platform , you’ll get access to tons of amazing content and features, including expert tutorials , practice questions and realistic mock exams . Maximise your chances of LNAT success today!   

DID I GET A GOOD RESULT?

How can you tell if your result will be good enough to get you a place on your dream course? Let’s have a look at some facts and figures that will help determine what you should be aiming for.  

One aspect of the LNAT which is often cited is that there is no official score to pass or fail the exam. While this is technically true, most of the universities impose their own cut-off point for scores where applications will no longer be considered.  

For example, the University of Glasgow has a cut-off score of 18 , while the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) claim to have a cut-off of 24 , although the Section B essays of those who score below this are also considered to support applications SOAS.  

Universities that consider Section B in the application may be willing to waive this cut-off point to a certain degree if the quality of the essay is to an extremely high standard, but this is all at the discretion of the admissions team.  

Achieving a ‘good’ score will depend on the universities you’re applying for, as average scores and cut-off points will vary . Let’s take a look at a couple of examples to get an idea as to what you should be hoping for.

Oxford (2023)

Average oxford applicant score (section a), average oxford offer-holder score (section a), average applicant score (section a)  , average offer-holder score (section a)  .

As you can see, the average score of a successful applicant at Oxford was 31 , which is 5 points higher than the average score for all applicants.  

However, as was mentioned before, Oxford places a much greater emphasis on Section B than any other university that requires the LNAT. The data available shows that the Lowest Section A score from a successful applicant was just 16 points . The quality of the essay in Section B was likely able to overshadow the below-average score achieved in Section A, leading to a successful application.  

Let’s look at University College London (UCL) to see how they compare.

University College London (2022/23)

Average ucl applicant score (section a), average ucl offer-holder score (section a).

UCL’s average has a wide spread between the full applicant pool and the successful applicant’s score, with offer-holders scoring 6 points higher on average. UCL has officially stated that there is no consistent cut-off point in scores, although a benchmark threshold is set based on the average results of the previous admissions cycle.

How Do Universities Use the LNAT?

WHAT IF I GET A BAD RESULT?

It may feel like a bad LNAT score will destroy your whole application, but that’s not always the case, as you’re about to see. 

Remember, a ‘good’ or ‘bad’ result will depend on the universities that receive your application. Some unis are more forgiving than others, but there will generally always be a cut-off score for successful applications, even if it is not officially disclosed.  

These cut-offs are only based on Section A however, so students who perform exceedingly well in Section B may still have a chance of success despite a poor performance with the multiple-choice questions. As we saw before, one applicant at Oxford was able to receive an offer to the course despite scoring 14 in Section A of the LNAT.

Bear in mind however that cases like this are uncommon and it is not advisable to rely on your performance in Section 2 more so than Section A.  

The following universities do not consider Section B in their admissions process and therefore will most likely not read your essay when considering your application.  

London School of Economics 

University of  Glasgow

Kings College London

While a bad result in Section A may not completely ruin your chances, it will place most of the pressure on the other aspects of your application, including your personal statement, subject revision and your application interview for Universities that require it. The best practice is to prepare for all aspects of your application so that no single section will fall short.

Can I Resit the LNAT ?

Unfortunately, you cannot resit the LNAT during the same admissions cycle. If you are worried that you have not performed well enough in the LNAT or have been unsuccessful in your application due to your score, you’re only option will be to re-apply and resit the LNAT in the following admissions cycle . 

Ready to hit the mark on you LNAT?

With the LNAT Preparation Platform , you’ll be able to use an amazing collection of revision notes, strategy guides and expert tutorials ; everything you’ll need to get an amazing score on the LNAT!

HISTORIC LNAT RESULTS

Let’s check out the previous average results for successful applicants at each of the nine universities that require you to sit the LNAT.

Average LNAT Scores (2017 - 2023)

Most universities have fairly consistent results throughout each admissions cycle, which gives you an idea of the kinds of scores each uni will want from their applicants to receive an offer. Some trends can be seen in this data, such as generally mixed scores throughout some unis in 2021 , potentially caused by a harder exam than the previous year.  

One thing to note with this data is that Cambridge  has only implemented LNAT in the 2022/23 admissions cycle , so no data is currently available for their results. 

With this information, you should now have a better idea of what score you should be aiming for at your chosen universities.  

I'VE GOT MY RESULT, NOW WHAT?

By the time you receive your results, you may or may not have started receiving your offers. If you have received an offer, then congratulations! You’re now on your way to starting your university adventure. But what should you be doing if you haven’t received any offers yet? Let’s find out.

Nerves will often get the better of you when waiting to hear back from your unis, so it’s important to not assume the worst . Different universities take different amounts of time to respond to applications, although most aim to get back to you within 1 month of the application being received.  

It may be that you have yet to complete your interview if this is a step that the university requires. In this case, you should definitely be preparing your interview strategy to impress the admissions team.  

In the unfortunate case that you have not been accepted by any of your chosen universities, there isn’t a way to resit the exam to improve your application. The LNAT can only be sat once in an application cycle so the results that you get when you sit the exam cannot be changed.

If you decide you still want to study Law, your next course of action will be to reapply for the next admissions cycle when the time comes. You may decide to choose different universities this time around, or it may just be a matter of getting yourself prepared for the process again. It’s never too early to begin your preparations for the LNAT and the LNAT.Ninja platform will be able to help you prepare in a fun and structured way.  

Whatever your result, taking the LNAT will have been an extremely valuable experience for you as each Section gives you a taste of what you can expect when you’re at studying law at uni . If you didn’t get the results you were hoping for, you will now have the knowledge and experience that you will need to succeed if you choose to reapply.

If you want to learn more about the LNAT itself, you can check out our   Definitive Guide to the LNAT.

LNAT Deductive Reasoning: Deducing Arguments in the LNAT

Lnat preparation: your 6-month lnat preparation timeline, lnat section a: your guide to assumptions in questions, lnat section b: your guide to the second section of the lnat, lnat section a: your guide to the first section of the lnat, lnat results 2023 – the definitive guide to your lnat score.

Whether you’re reapplying or taking the LNAT for the first time, LNAT.Ninja will help you improve your performance and familiarise you with the test format!

Exams.Ninja’s LNAT Preparation Platform allows you to optimise all areas of your revision in the most effective way possible . With the Preparation Platform, you’ll get access to:    

Training Temple- exclusive tips ,  amazing revision notes  and  expert tutorials to see you through your LNAT journey.

Practice Dojo- Over 350 questions for both sections of the exam, including  fully worked solutions to help you understand everything you need to know. 

Exam Arena- Attempt  full LNAT past papers  in a real exam scenario. See where you’re at and how you’ll do on the big day!

Create your free account now to begin your quest for LNAT success! 

Need any help? Contact us at:  [email protected] .

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• LNAT Results Explained [2024]

Last Updated: 14th June 2022

Author: Chloe Hewitt

• Admissions Test

Table of Contents

If you have sat the LNAT, you might be wondering when you will receive your results from it. 

The LNAT is marked out of a score of 42, there is no pass or fail mark, however, there are average scores that candidates usually achieve to successfully receive offers from the LNAT universities. 

But when do the LNAT results come out and how do the different universities use them during the admissions process? 

When Do LNAT Results Come Out?

LNAT results are emailed to candidates twice a year, with test dates determining the results date. 

For all Admissions Tests taken before 20th October, the universities that require the LNAT will receive the result directly from the test provider on the 21st October. On any day after 20th October, your test result will be sent directly to the LNAT universities within 24 hours of you taking the test. 

• Candidates taking the LNAT on or before 26 January will receive their results in mid-February .
• Candidates taking the test after 26 January will receive their results in mid-August.

Candidates may only sit the LNAT once between 1 September and 31 July the following year, unless authorised to because of extenuating circumstances. If a candidate sits the test twice without authorisation, their later test sitting will be invalid. 

You will just receive your score for Section A and the average score for the cohort in the admissions cycle. Section B is assessed by the universities Admissions Tutors themselves, as such you will not get a mark back for it. 

Effective LNAT preparation is crucial to achieving an offer, so let UniAdmissions help you get a great score. 

The LNAT is a tough exam to prepare for without expert guidance and comprehensive resources. However, our LNAT Tuition Programme provides you with everything you need to perfect your LNAT skills and get a winning score.

Discover our LNAT Tuition Programme for comprehensive admissions support by booking a free consultation session or clicking the button below to enrol and triple your chances of success .

What If I Fail The LNAT?

Technically, you cannot fail the LNAT although your results are important. You simply achieve a certain number of points in the test, and then the results of your LNAT are considered alongside your qualifications and your Personal Statement. 

There is no fixed threshold to define good and bad LNAT results, so you simply have to wait to hear from the LNAT universities you have applied to. 

Remember, if you do get a low score it is not the end of the world. While you may not get a place at your preferred university, you can look at other options such as non-LNAT universities or deferring entry to the following year. 

LNAT Results 2022

Below you will find the average results for applicants at each of the ten LNAT universities in the UK.

University of Bristol LNAT Results 2022

In 2022, all applicants at the University of Bristol scored an average of 23 points in Section A of the test and 82/100 in Section B. Bristol has a unique marking scheme for Section B that provides a quantified score for each candidate. The only university to quantify the Section B score is Oxford.

University of Cambridge LNAT Results 2022

There are currently no publicly available average results for Cambridge law applicants. As this was the first LNAT sat by Cambridge applicants since the introduction of the CLT, we also don’t have data from previous years to work with. 

Durham University LNAT Results 2022

Out of the entire applicant pool for Durham, the average score achieved was 23.9, which is on the higher end of averages for entire cohorts rather than just successful applicants. However, it is also a decrease from 2019 and 2018, where applicants scored 24.7 and 25.1 respectivly. 

University of Glasgow LNAT Results 2022

LNAT results for the 2021-2022 admissions cycle currently have not been provided by the University of Glasgow. However, the previous application cycle saw applicants achieve an average score of 20. 

King's College London LNAT Results 2022

King’s College London provide a variety of different Law courses, each of which uses the LNAT in its application process. Amongst these courses, the average LNAT scores for all applicants range from 22 – 27, with applicants for the standard Law course achieving and average of 27.

London School of Economics (LSE) LNAT Results 2022

LSE has reported that the average score of their successful applicants was 26, which falls in line with their previous two years of using the LNAT in their admissions process. 26 was the average score in both 2020 and 2019. 

Univesity of Nottingham LNAT Results 2021

The University of Nottingham posted an average score of 23 for all applicants in 2021. Scores for 2020 and 2019 are currently not publically available, but we can see that there has been a decrease since 2018 and 2017, where applicants scored 24 and 25 respectively. 

University of Oxford LNAT Results 2022

Oxford has provided a wide range of average scores for us to look at: 

Oxford Section A Average Results

All Applicants – 22.5

Shortlisted Applicants – 27

Offer holders- 28.25

Oxford Section B Average Results

Shortlisted Applicants – 63.52

Offer holders- 64.05

Univesity College London LNAT Results 2022

The average scores provided by University College London state that the entire admissions pool achieved a score of 22, while offer holders achieved a score of 28. As well as this, contextual offer holders scored 26 on average. 

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How Do The LNAT Universities Use My Results?

Since the scores expected vary between universities, a good LNAT score for Oxford is generally different from a good LNAT score for Nottingham for example. As a result, it is important to understand how the different universities use your score. 

Your LNAT score and essay will be used by each university in the way that best suits its own admissions system. The use of the essay Section B is dependent on each participating university’s admissions policy.

Some universities may use it as the basis for Interview questions. Others may compare it with the Personal Statement, or use it as a means of distinguishing between borderline candidates. 

Do note that candidates applying to Cambridge for 2023 will now have to sit the LNAT, but with no data available as to what they are looking for the assumption is it would be in line with Oxford’s expectations. 

University of Bristol

At the University of Bristol , candidates are scored and ranked based on their academic record, according to their achieved or predicted results with the following weightings:

GCSE 20% | A-Level 40% | LNAT 40% 

The overall LNAT grade used by the university uses the following weightings: 

60% multiple-choice questions and 40% essay. 

The University of Bristol looks for candidates who can demonstrate the ability to make and sustain a persuasive argument and have a strong command of language in the essay section. 

University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge has only recently adopted the LNAT as its law admissions test. Previously, there was a specialised exam called the Cambridge Law Test, used exclusively by the university. However, in the 2022 application cycle for 2023 Entry, the CLT was replaced with the LNAT. 

Cambridge considers both Sections 1 and 2 and required applicants to complete the test by October 15th, which is in-line with the Oxbridge UCAS application deadline. Mature applicants applying for Law to either Hughes Hall or St Edmund’s have an extended deadline of March 1st 2023 to sit the LNAT. 

The LNAT is fairly similar to the CLT in terms of what it is testing. Cambridge uses your results in the shortlisting process in order to decide who to invite to interview. 

Durham University

At Durham Law School , performance in the LNAT is one of a number of grounds on which admissions selectors determine the relative merit and potential applicants. As a part of this process, performance in the LNAT may be used to distinguish between otherwise similar candidates. 

It is important to note the following: 

• Both parts of the LNAT are always considered by Admissions Tutors when assessing an application.
• No minimum score is required for the multiple-choice part of the LNAT.

In Durham’s assessment of an LNAT essay, Admissions Tutors look in particular for evidence of the following positive attributes: 

• Focus on the particular question
• Clarity of expression and fluency of prose
• A logical progression and structure
• Reference(s) to relevant evidence
• An ability to recognise, and address, counter-arguments
• A concise and effective conclusion

University of Glasgow

The University of Glasgow  i s probably the least competitive when it comes to the LNAT. On average, a successful candidate will score 23 out of 42. 

The essay is viewed as an add-on to your Personal Statement, with the Admissions Tutor assessing the writing ability of the applicant. 

King's College London

KCL strongly encourages applicants to sit the LNAT by mid-December to best facilitate the assessment of their application. 

KCL only assesses Section A of the LNAT, with offer-holders tending to score around 26. 

This is quite a fair amount above the usual national average but it tends to be slightly less than other London Law Schools such as LSE and UCL. This reflects the fact that KCL tends to rank slightly lower than LSE and UCL in the Law School rankings .

London School of Economics

At present, LSE o nly uses the multiple-choice score in their assessment of applicants; for most applicants, the essay will not be considered. 

However, they might assess the essay for applicants taking non-traditional qualifications or less well-known qualifications. 

There is no set minimum score in the multiple-choice section that applicants are expected to achieve in order to be successful, instead, the score may be used to help distinguish between similarly qualified applicants. 

University of Nottingham

Uniquely, the University of Nottingham considers an LNAT cut-off score. Whilst information is not precise and changes every year based on the performance of the cohort you should consider the score to be about 25. 

The essay is taken into account as well. The criteria are qualitative and the tutors are primarily looking for a candidate to prove their ability to present a logical argument and observe structural conventions of English essay writing. 

University of Oxford

As Oxford admissions are centred on the Interview performance, half of the job is getting to the Interview in the first place. For this, the LNAT is crucial. 

The average score of a successful candidate in previous years was about 29. Furthermore, only 2% of applicants scored above 34. This indicates that you should be aiming for 30 or above. 

However, due to the high calibre of candidates, the scores have a very narrow window. Therefore, the essay is taken very seriously and is assessed through an official marking scheme . 

High scoring essays will normally exhibit: 

• Application Close attention to the question(s) asked and sustained and focussed treatment of the issues.
• Reasoning ability Well-drawn distinctions, a keen eye for relevance, awareness of more than one possible line of argument, and an element of independent critical judgment.
• Communication Clear and fluent writing and notable clarity and appropriateness of structure and argument.

Low scoring essays will normally exhibit:

• Application Poor attention to the question(s) asked, no sustained and focussed treatment of the issues.
• Reasoning ability Poorly developed arguments, a preponderance of irrelevant points, few or no well-drawn distinctions, a lack of awareness of more than one possible line of argument, no evidence of independent critical judgment.
• Communication Lack of fluency and clarity and no clear or appropriate structure or argument.

The essay is to be marked as a percentage and tutors marking the test are asked to mark by analogy to the conventional understanding of marks in examinations. For example, it will only be in the rarest of cases that a candidate would obtain a mark of 75 or above. 

Applicants with standard qualifications (such as A-Levels, International Baccalaureate or other high school qualifications considered equivalent to A-Levels) are not required to take the LNAT. 

However, SOAS will consider making lower offers to candidates who do so and perform well in the Admissions Test. 

Usually, a minimum score of 25 and a strong essay is what SOAS consider to be a high-performing candidate. 

University College London

The LNAT essay is given considerable weight in UCL’s consideration as it is the only piece of writing they receive under exam conditions, and demonstrates a candidate’s abilities to reason, argue and construct a cohesive essay. 

When assessing the essay, Admissions Tutors will consider: 

• Aptitude for reasoning skills Including high-level comprehension, interpretation, analysis, synthesis, ability to draw broad and fine distinctions, induction and deduction
• Aptitude for exploring arguments and ideas Including in writing, the ability to formulate, develop and defend an argument
• Communication Including accuracy of syntax, breadth of vocabulary and ability to formulate ideas succinctly

As for the multiple-choice section: 

• On average, a successful home candidate presented a score of about 28.
• On average, a successful international candidate presented a score of about 30.

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What It’s Like to Respond to Mpox in Africa Right Now

I t was early morning in Burundi when one of our patients set out for the hospital, her baby strapped to her back and her sick four-year-old son cradled in her arms. When her little boy’s itchy sores started to weep and he would not stop crying, she knew she had to get him there as quickly as possible. They trekked for miles up a dusty red path, passing palm groves and rice fields as they made their way. When she finally arrived, the doctors told her they’d have to move her son to a separate building. “He has mpox,” they said.

Scenes like this are playing out daily all over Burundi—and in other Central African countries—as thousands of people are falling sick with a new strain of mpox that is ravaging the region. On Aug. 14, 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the multiple mpox outbreaks occurring on the African continent were a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Although mpox has been around for decades, a new strain known as clade Ib has led to thousands of infections and hundreds of deaths in countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Burundi, Rwanda, and the Central African Republic.

The WHO declaration was meant to spur an international response. But what has this looked like on the ground? As doctors who have treated dozens of mpox patients in Burundi over the past four weeks, take it from us: the response has been passive at best. People are in desperate need of both medical care and basic resources.

Read More : What to Know About Mpox in 2024

The limited funding is largely being directed toward improving mpox diagnosis and surveillance. Almost nothing is left over to care for the sick or prevent the continued spread of mpox in communities most at risk. This is especially heartbreaking since this outbreak seems to preferentially strike vulnerable groups, including women, children, people with HIV, and those who face food insecurity. This gap in mpox prevention and care is especially acute in countries like Burundi, where the health system is already strained after decades of civil war and where diseases like cholera, measles, malaria, and malnutrition are all too common.

One of our other patients came to the hospital with her newborn whom she was breastfeeding. She had walked for hours to reach us, seeking help for the numerous painful lesions that now covered most of her skin. She was diagnosed with mpox, and we recommended that she stop breastfeeding to avoid the skin-to-skin contact by which mpox spreads. Having no other way to nourish her child, she became distraught at being asked to choose between the baby going hungry or the baby developing mpox. There were no vaccines to protect the baby and no other resources available to provide a safe feeding alternative for this family.

Read More : It’s Time to Start Taking Mpox and Bird Flu Seriously

This lack of care-focused resources for people with mpox is not a failure of science. Mpox is not a new disease, and there are vaccines and medications that can greatly alter its course. But these tools are not available in the hospitals and health centers that are tasked with caring for a growing number of people with mpox every day. A scant 250,000 courses of the only effective vaccine have been earmarked for DRC, when tens of millions of doses are actually needed to curb mpox’s spread. And smaller counties like Burundi have no access at all. By contrast, when one patient with the clade Ib strain was diagnosed in Sweden, the European Centers for Disease Control decided to recommend that travelers to Africa now consult their physicians about receiving shots.

Governments in the region are trying valiantly to respond to the mpox crisis. In Burundi, the government has developed a comprehensive national plan for managing mpox. But they should not have to shoulder the burden alone—and these regions desperately need partners who can immediately step up and provide:

• Dignified services to those already sick with mpox, including care in the community for people who are stable and at the hospital for those who have severe disease or who are at high risk for it. Such care would include access to proven strategies for decreasing the sickness and suffering associated with mpox, such as antivirals, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory eye drops to prevent the blindness sometimes seen when mpox affects the eye. It would also address the socioeconomic needs of families: hunger, housing, childcare, and management of common comorbidities, including HIV.
• Localized, preventive care . This works best when it originates within the community and could include adapting standard health-education messaging so that it is relevant for those most at risk. Epidemics exploit fractures in society and can escalate pre-existing tensions. Mpox mitigation measures should be paired with activities meant to foster collaboration and address other community needs.
• Immediate vaccination in places where the epidemic is concentrated. Because most impacted regions face challenges with overcrowding and limited access to water, other preventive measures will be less effective. Releasing existing vaccines for use in Central Africa and making sure they can be imported, stored, and administered safely should be a priority.
• Investment in strengthening health systems , since infectious diseases will always prey upon people whose health is most precarious. Instead of providing the bare minimum necessary to respond to mpox, donors should see this outbreak as a call for backing solid and lasting investments in building resilient health systems.

Models of mpox care that embrace these pillars have been developed in countries like Burundi. When the first patients with mpox began appearing in the rural areas, our team at Village Health Works—an organization founded by a Burundian to provide high-quality health care to those with limited access—launched a holistic response program called Halting the Mpox Outbreak with Equity (HOME). We stand ready to support the government regionally and nationally but need to mobilize resources to do so effectively.

There is a global sense of fatigue when it comes to outbreaks, and mpox is no exception. What is happening to families in Central Africa can seem very far away. People reaching for their smartphones or laptops to Google where countries like Burundi are located should realize, however, that they already have a connection to Central Africa. The minerals that power these technologies have been extracted from the area by companies that have reaped billions of dollars in profit. Very little of this capital has been reinvested for the betterment of people living there.

The weak mpox response on the ground shows that governments and their international collaborations are impotent in the face of an outbreak like this. And really, it shouldn’t just be their responsibility: companies that get rich by taking materials out of this region of the world should have to reinvest in building sustainable health systems.

We are used to hearing the word “outbreak” in conjunction with the spread of an infectious disease. But an alternative meaning of the term is “a sudden increase in activity.” We urgently need an outbreak of solidarity and resource mobilization to end mpox in Central Africa.

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What national media get wrong about ‘red states’ and the working class

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Bone of the Bone

By Sarah Smarsh Scribner: 352 pages, $29.99 If you buy books linked on our site, The Times may earn a commission from Bookshop.org , whose fees support independent bookstores.

To topple the walls that divide Americans, we must first understand them. In the essays of “Bone of the Bone,” journalist Sarah Smarsh combines memoir with political analysis and a critique of journalism to reverse-engineer those cultural divides.

The descriptors “red state” and “blue state” have always been inaccurate, she says. Worse, calling huge swaths of the nation “Trump country” oppresses the voices of resistance, especially those within the white working class.

What’s missing from most news coverage, Smarsh argues, is the tradition of journalism for which she has been awarded prizes and which earned her the admiration of President Obama. “True story comprises two strands, spiraling: the specific and the universal,” she writes. Her stories uncover truths about the economic structures and political decisions behind the individual stories of those whose lives are affected.

Much of the reporting on working-class America has fumbled badly in recent years, including in coverage of Donald Trump’s 2015-16 campaign: National reporters did not understand the terms with which they labeled the purported billionaire’s followers. As Smarsh writes: “The trouble begins with language: elite pundits regularly misuse ‘working class’ as short-hand for right-wing White guys wearing tool belts.”

With ‘Colored Television,’ Danzy Senna gives us a laugh-out-loud cultural critique

Humor mixes with a deep understanding of American foibles and the human heart to produce a riveting novel of ideas.

Aug. 26, 2024

Because so many local newspapers have gone out of business in the internet age, most of the country has far less reporting from journalists who intimately know the local communities. Instead we get national publications such as the New York Times sending a correspondent for a day or a week, parachuting into a community and — all too often — mostly reporting on the people whose opinions fit a preconceived narrative.

During the presidential primary in 2016, while national journalists constantly seemed to be reporting from some Ohio diner full of disaffected white men, an ethnically diverse working-class coalition of 26,450 Kansans overwhelmingly backed Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) to be the Democratic nominee — far more votes than Donald Trump received in the Republican race (17,062). Two years later, Kansans elected a Democratic governor. So why have the national media and the Democratic Party failed to focus on Kansas and similar diverse states? Because in representing the working class as a monolith, vital stories and organizational opportunities are ignored.

This misunderstanding of the Latino vote may be biggest blind spot in American politics

The fast-growing electorate is changing both within the state and across the country, shifting from immigration to economic concerns.

June 22, 2024

The failure to understand Kansas politics continues: In 2022, when Kansas voters overwhelmingly turned out to vote to protect abortion rights, many in the national press were surprised, then quickly pivoted to examine how women’s rage at the loss of bodily autonomy had influenced even such a “conservative” place.

Smarsh, who lives in Kansas, knows better, writing that there was “never a Trump country at all” but instead, “like many ‘red states,’ Kansas is a gerrymandered, dark-monied place where election outcomes may have more to do with who votes and whose votes are counted than with the character of the place.” Tapping local expertise and including the stories of individuals helps to inoculate journalism against such mischaracterizations.

Smarsh’s ability to interweave stories — including aspects of her life — places her in the tradition of working-class journalism exemplified by Studs Terkel, Barbara Ehrenreich and others. Writing about those whose work is essential but whose humanity is ignored has allowed Smarsh to expose many Americans’ internalized class prejudices and fears.

This is why “Bone of the Bone” resonated for me. As a working-class kid, I grew up close to many of the issues Smarsh describes. As an adult now and a writer, I see that many journalists covering the working class don’t have relevant life experience and haven’t put in the work to understand others’ lives.

The deep empathy that animates Smarsh’s prose combines with a rigorous intellect committed to uncovering and explaining structural causes of our current cultural moment. Her 2014 essay “Poor Teeth” thoughtfully separates a convenient elitist myth from poor Americans’ painful reality.

In America today, “poor teeth” often result from a lack of access to dentistry, which is not covered by medical insurance; a lack of nutrients in early childhood; lack of access to fluoridated water; and the consumption of cheap calories or junk food, which Smarsh says she craved as a child “for dopamine production in a difficult home.” Paying for orthodontia is unimaginable to many Americans. Smarsh writes that she was fortunate that her permanent teeth came in straight, although she spent years with tooth and jaw pain that her family couldn’t afford to have treated.

Contrast that with the shorthand of many media depictions, in which being “toothless” is seen as a symptom of moral turpitude, a lack of care of self, possibly a meth addiction. It’s one of many comforting narratives the “haves” tell one another about the “have nots” — such as when they pretend Type 2 diabetes is attributable to bad choices, or imagine that poor nutrition is a result of impulsiveness rather than affordability, or assume that healthcare is available for anyone who will work to get it. Smarsh’s essays ( one of which quotes me ) convey that she is fed up with such shallow and lazy dismissals of inequality.

Smarsh was the first in her family to graduate from college, and her experience rebuts the right-wing propaganda that college education brainwashes students into liberal views. For her, it was stark inequality during and after college that changed her politics and attuned her to social injustices. She felt keenly the unfairness of “excelling on campus while paying my own way through school and then graduating into poverty for lack of social capital” while “less capable children of affluence walk into prestigious internships and lucrative jobs.”

In “How Is Arguing With Trump Voters Working Out for You,” Smarsh shares the story of Megan Phelps-Roper, granddaughter of Fred Phelps, who founded the Kansas-based hate group the Westboro Baptist Church. Phelps-Roper was raised in a community dominated by her zealot grandfather, whose virulent hatred for LGTBQ+ people drove the group’s repulsive protests and drew national attention. Smarsh writes that Phelps-Roper’s childhood and restricted education meant that her ability “to assess information had been thoroughly perverted.” In an interview, Phelps-Roper recounted friendly strangers who “had grace for me when I seemed not to deserve it,” people whose willingness “to suspend judgments long enough to have those conversations with me completely changed my life.” She went on to renounce the hate group.

In the “write them off” tenor in arguments of national divides, reaching out to someone like Phelps-Roper would be seen as hopeless. But people are reachable, Smarsh insists.

She argues that a combination of factors has eroded opportunities for Americans to understand each other. Millions live in areas of the country laboring under economic inequality, state-imposed educational restrictions and election interference. Elected officials from there do not represent most constituents’ opinions or interests. And yet when outsiders affix labels such as “Trump country” or “red state,” they ignore the existing solidarity and chances for further empathy to develop.

Ascribing monolithic characteristics to diverse individuals fuels anger on both sides. The smugness of those who live in privilege alienates those who do not and furthers right-wing aims to divide and conquer the country.

Blaming the residents of “red states” for their challenges is just a modern iteration of “Let them eat cake.” After such rhetoric, revolutions tend to follow.

Lorraine Berry is a writer and critic living in Oregon.

More to Read

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Aug. 19, 2024

Opinion: Denigrating Drake, and Kamala Harris, as ‘Not Like Us’

Aug. 11, 2024

California’s news industry is shrinking while misinformation spreads. Here’s what the numbers tell us

July 24, 2024

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• Do I need to sit the test?
• Test format
• Registration
• How to prepare
• On test day
• Your future
• LNAT for students
• LNAT for institutions

Dates and deadlines

Registration for and booking of LNAT tests for entry into university in September 2025 opens on 1 August 2024. Testing starts on 1 September 2024.

The LNAT test can be taken on any day that there is an appointment slot free at the test centre you have chosen. The earlier you book, the more chance you have of getting an appointment on the day of your choice.

You can take the LNAT before or after you send off your UCAS application.

Key dates to note in the 2024-25 LNAT cycle for entry into university in Autumn 2025. See also the notes at the foot of the page.

We will attempt to keep this page up to date and accurate, but it is your responsibility to check with your chosen universities for any changes.

2024: LNAT Registration

DO NOT sit the LNAT before the 2024 summer holiday as your result WILL NOT COUNT for 2024/2025

• 1 August 2024: UCAS registration will open. LNAT registration begins.
• 1 September 2024: LNAT testing begins
• Mid September 2024: UCAS applications can be submitted

2024: Deadlines for Cambridge and Oxford applicants

You must meet these deadlines in order to guarantee that your application to Cambridge or Oxford will be considered.

• 1 August -15 September 2024: Register and book your LNAT test slot (in order to sit the test before or on, 15 October 2024).
• 15 October 2024: Submit your UCAS form
• 15 October 2024: Sit the LNAT before, or at the latest on, 15 October 2024.

2024: Deadlines for King’s College London (KCL) – London School of Economics (LSE) – and University College London (UCL) applicants

You must meet these deadlines in order to guarantee that your application will be considered.

• 31 December 2024: Sit the LNAT before or on 31 December 2024.

2024/25: Deadlines for all other LNAT universities except the University of Bristol and the University of Durham

• 20 January 2025: Register and book your LNAT test slot before this date
• 29 January 2025: Submit your UCAS form by 6:00pm UK time.
• 25 January 2025: Sit the LNAT before or on 25 January 2025.

2024/25: Deadlines for the University of Bristol and the University of Durham

• 29 January 2025: Sit the LNAT before or on 29 January 2025.
• 26 January 2022: For KCL and UCL  and the University of Nottingham sit the LNAT before or on 26 January 2022

2025: Late applications

Late application deadlines usually apply to international applicants only – it is your responsibility to check with your chosen universities. Your chosen universities may not accept LNAT results taken as late as July.

• 25 July 2025: Book your LNAT test slot before or on 25 July 2025
• 30 June 2025: Submit UCAS form between 16 January and 30 June 2025
• 31 July 2025: Sit the LNAT before or on 31 July 2025

Singapore University of Social Sciences (SUSS)

Applicants to Singapore University of Social Sciences (SUSS) can take the LNAT between 1 September 2023 and 31 July 2024 for the University’s January 2025 intake.

• Applicants not applying to Cambridge or Oxford are strongly advised to meet the January deadlines if possible. Under UCAS rules universities are permitted but not required to consider late applications. If you are thinking of making a late application please check with the universities concerned to make sure they are still considering applications. More detail on the UCAS website .
• You will need to enter your UCAS Personal Identifier number on your LNAT profile before you submit your UCAS application. You do not need to complete your UCAS application form when you register your LNAT profile.
• Don’t forget to think about how you are going to pay the test fee before you try to book a test slot. Payment is required at time of booking – no exceptions. The only possible modes of payment are major credit card (Visa, MC, Amex), debit card (Visa and MasterCard only), or LNAT e-voucher .
• Think ahead! More about payment and costs .
• You may only sit the LNAT once between 1 September 2024 and 31 July 2025. If you sit it twice during that period, the later sitting of the two will automatically be invalidated and the later result will be void.
• If you decide to re-apply to LNAT-participating universities in a later UCAS year, you must sit the LNAT again in that later UCAS year.

LNAT results cannot be carried forward from one academic year to the next

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LNAT Guide - Everything You Need To Know About The LNAT

Are you taking the LNAT this year? Find out everything you need to know about the LNAT through our comprehensive guide, covering both sections of the test and all the admin you need to be aware of.

Guide to the LNAT

• Find out what the LNAT is
• See which universities require it
• Read about what the test involves
• Consider when to sit the test

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  Many UK universities offering law degrees require the LNAT exam. Our LNAT guide outlines everything from LNAT practice tests and important dates to cost and duration. 

What Is The LNAT Exam?

The LNAT is a computer-based law entrance exam. Achieving a strong score is a necessity to get into some of the most prestigious universities in the UK (many of which have chosen to use the LNAT as part of their admissions process for some time) and a handful of overseas universities, too.

The exam assesses your verbal reasoning skills, your ability to understand and interpret information, your inductive and deductive reasoning abilities, and your ability to analyse information and draw conclusions. Contrary to some perceptions of the LNAT, it is not designed to test your knowledge of the law. Instead of focusing on content memorisation, the emphasis is on your critical thinking skills (not dissimilar to the kind of critical thinking tests that aspiring solicitors will encounter later on when applying to training contracts and vacation schemes , such as the Watson Glaser test ).

The LNAT is split into two sections:

• Section A : 42 multiple-choice questions, much like a driving theory test, which count towards your final LNAT score. The questions are based on 12 argumentative passages, with 3 to 4 multiple-choice questions each.
• Section B : 3 essay questions to choose from – you must answer 1. The essay questions will cover a range of subjects, so it’s useful to have knowledge of current affairs.

It’s worth noting that only section A is technically counted within your quantitative overall ‘score’. However, section B answers are also available for universities to look through (and they often will in regard to understanding your essay writing skills).

Who Should Take The LNAT?

You’ll need to take the LNAT test if you’re applying to a law degree and it’s specified as an entry requirement. There are 11 LNAT universities around the world that require you to take the LNAT.

How Long Is The LNAT?

The LNAT lasts for 2 hours 15 minutes, split across the two sections. You are given 95 minutes to answer the 42 multiple-choice questions and 40 minutes to answer one of the three essay questions.

You may choose to take the test at any time within the windows laid out under ‘key dates’ below.

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Why Do Some Universities Require LNAT?

The LNAT is used by universities to help admissions tutors decide which applicants to offer course places to if the rest of their applications are broadly similar on paper (although some universities, such as Oxbridge , will then turn to interview processes at this point as well). It is also helpful for admissions tutors to get a standardised comparison of candidates when those candidates have different qualifications – for example, comparing IB grades against A Levels.

LNAT Universities: Which Universities Require The LNAT?

There are 11 LNAT universities; 9 are based in the UK and two are overseas. 8 of the 9 UK-based LNAT universities are Russell Group Unis (SOAS is the exception), and 4 of them (King’s, LSE, SOAS and UCL) are in London.

UK LNAT Universities:

• University of Bristol
• University of Cambridge
• Durham University
• University of Glasgow
• King’s College, London (KCL)
• London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
• University of Oxford
• University College London (UCL)
• SOAS University of London

Note that the University of Nottingham appears to have dropped their LNAT requirement for the 2024 academic year entry.

International LNAT Universities:

• Singapore University of Social Sciences (SUSS), Singapore
• IE School of Law, Spain

See how each university uses your score in our guide to  LNAT universities .

What LNAT Scores Do I Need?

Your  LNAT score  is made up of a mark out of 42 for Section A, but you won’t get a formal score for the Section B essay. 

The average score last year was around 22, but it’s worth noting that the average score for people accepted into LNAT universities was much higher (e.g. closer to 27/28 for Oxbridge). It’s important to set yourself goals for the scores you’ll need based on the universities you want to apply to.

LNAT 2024 – 2025: Exam Dates

See important dates for September 2025 entry below, but make sure to check with your chosen universities for any potential changes (or on the official LNAT page ).

Check out our  LNAT Registration  page for further details on dates, how to register and finding a test centre.

Here are the key dates you need to bear in mind if applying for 2025 entry:

General LNAT Dates

1st August 2024: UCAS  and LNAT registration opens

1st September 2024: LNAT tests begin (you can sit them from now onwards)

Mid-September 2024: UCAS applications can be sent off from now onwards

Most UK university applicants (see exceptions below):

20th January 2025: Register and book a test by this date

25th January 2025: Sit the LNAT by this date

29th January 2025: Submit your UCAS form by this date

Bristol and Durham applicants:

Same as above (‘most UK university applicants’) but with the LNAT being extended to 29th  January (final date to complete)

Oxford and Cambridge applicants:

15th September 2024: Register and book a test by this date

15th October 2024: Submit your UCAS form and sit the LNAT by this date (applies to both)

King’s College London, LSE and UCL applicants:

31st December 2024: Sit the LNAT by this date 

Normal UCAS submission date applies

LNAT Preparation: Top Tips

To prepare for the LNAT you should start by familiarising yourself with the test. The test is made up of two sections, requiring different skills, so it’s important to prepare for both the multiple-choice questions and the essay.

You can use our  LNAT practice test questions  to help you practice completing the exam under timed conditions.

You can work on your test skills and approach with our  LNAT workshops  or a self-paced  online LNAT course . If you want to work on specific skills or target areas of weakness, our  one-to-one tutoring  can help you prepare.

There are also more general preparations you can start doing – for example, understanding current affairs is very useful when approaching the LNAT (particularly section B). Reading the news regularly (this could be either political news or more towards the commercial awareness side of things that solicitors are often tested on further down the line) from a reputable news source such as The Guardian, Financial Times or Economist is a great starting point. 

Many of the skills you are developing through your own studies will also be generally relevant here – for example if you chose humanities subjects for your A Levels , pay close attention to the idea of essay structure and think about how to implement that in section B of the LNAT.

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Guest Essay

There’s Hurricane Katrina and Superstorm Sandy. Why Not Heat Wave Harvey?

By Eric Klinenberg

Mr. Klinenberg is a sociologist and the author of “Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago.”

Do you remember the heat dome that settled over Washington and Oregon in 2021, leading to thousands of hospitalizations and over 600 estimated fatalities? Or last summer’s heat wave in Phoenix , when the temperature hit or exceeded 110 degrees for 31 straight days, accounting for most of Maricopa County’s 645 heat-related deaths in 2023?

How closely are you tracking the potentially record-setting heat wave across the Western United States this week?

In typical years, more Americans die in heat waves than in hurricanes, tornadoes and floods combined. Historically, though, the public, the media and politicians are quick to forget heat disasters — even where they happen most. It’s as if we have a will not to know about the brutal ways that extreme heat affects us.

Denial only makes us more vulnerable to the searing summers ahead. Between 1999 and 2023, heat deaths in the United States more than doubled. As the planet warms and lethal heat events become more severe and more frequent, there’s an urgent need to make dangerous heat more recognizable.

Fortunately, there is a low-cost and promising solution: naming major heat waves, giving each potentially catastrophic event its own identity and publicly acknowledging how extreme heat is changing our lives.

Naming dangerous weather systems is hardly a revolutionary idea. The United States already does it for tropical storms and hurricanes, and with great effect. Forecasters started that tradition in 1953, in the hope of improving public communications and reducing the risk of confusion when multiple storms emerged at once.

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