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Scribbr Plagiarism Checker

Plagiarism checker software for students who value accuracy

Extensive research shows that Scribbr's plagiarism checker, in partnership with Turnitin, detects plagiarism more accurately than other tools, making it the no. 1 choice for students.

What you get with a premium plagiarism check

Plagiarism Checker

Catch accidental plagiarism with high accuracy with Scribbr’s Plagiarism Checker in partnership with Turnitin.

AI Detector

Detect AI-generated content, like ChatGPT3.5 and GPT4, with Scribbr’s AI Detector.

AI Proofreader

Find and fix spelling and grammar issues with Scribbr’s AI Proofreader.

* Only available when uploading an English .docx (Word) document

How Scribbr detects plagiarism better

Powered by leading plagiarism checking software

Scribbr is an authorized partner of Turnitin, a leader in plagiarism prevention. Its software detects everything from exact word matches to synonym swapping .

Access to exclusive content databases

Your submissions are compared to the world’s largest content database , covering 99 billion webpages, 8 million publications, and over 20 languages.

Comparison against unpublished works

You can upload your previous assignments, referenced works, or a classmate’s paper or essay to catch (self-)plagiarism that is otherwise difficult to detect.

The Scribbr Plagiarism Checker is perfect for you if:

• Are a student writing an essay or paper
• Value the confidentiality of your submissions
• Prefer an accurate plagiarism report
• Want to compare your work against publications

This tool is not for you if you:

• Prefer a free plagiarism checker despite a less accurate result
• Are a copywriter, SEO, or business owner

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Trusted by students and academics worldwide

University applicants

Ace your admissions essay to your dream college.

Compare your admissions essay to billions of web pages, including other essays.

• Avoid having your essay flagged or rejected for accidental plagiarism.
• Make a great first impression on the admissions officer.

Submit your assignments with confidence.

Detect plagiarism using software similar to what most universities use.

• Spot missing citations and improperly quoted or paraphrased content.
• Avoid grade penalties or academic probation resulting from accidental plagiarism.

Take your journal submission to the next level.

Compare your submission to millions of scholarly publications.

• Protect your reputation as a scholar.
• Get published by the journal of your choice.

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Scribbr’s services are rated 4.9 out of 5 based on 13,641 reviews. We aim to make you just as happy. If not, we’re happy to refund you !

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Your submissions will never be added to our content database, and you’ll never get a 100% match at your academic institution.

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Prices are per check, not a subscription

• Turnitin-powered plagiarism checker
• Access to 99.3B web pages & 8M publications
• Comparison to private papers to avoid self-plagiarism
• Downloadable plagiarism report
• Live chat with plagiarism experts
• Private and confidential

Volume pricing available for institutions. Get in touch.

Request volume pricing

Institutions interested in buying more than 50 plagiarism checks can request a discounted price. Please fill in the form below.

Name * Email * Institution Name * Institution’s website * Country * Phone number Give an indication of how many checks you need * Please indicate how you want to use the checks * Depending of the size of your request, you will be contacted by a representative of either Scribbr or Turnitin. * Required

You don't need a plagiarism checker, right?

You would never copy-and-paste someone else’s work, you’re great at paraphrasing, and you always keep a tidy list of your sources handy.

But what about accidental plagiarism ? It’s more common than you think! Maybe you paraphrased a little too closely, or forgot that last citation or set of quotation marks.

Even if you did it by accident, plagiarism is still a serious offense. You may fail your course, or be placed on academic probation. The risks just aren’t worth it.

Scribbr & academic integrity

Scribbr is committed to protecting academic integrity. Our plagiarism checker software, Citation Generator , proofreading services , and free Knowledge Base content are designed to help educate and guide students in avoiding unintentional plagiarism.

We make every effort to prevent our software from being used for fraudulent or manipulative purposes.

Ask our team

Want to contact us directly? No problem.  We  are always here for you.

• Email [email protected]
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• Call +1 (510) 822-8066
• WhatsApp +31 20 261 6040

Frequently asked questions

No, the Self-Plagiarism Checker does not store your document in any public database.

In addition, you can delete all your personal information and documents from the Scribbr server as soon as you’ve received your plagiarism report.

Scribbr’s Plagiarism Checker is powered by elements of Turnitin’s Similarity Checker , namely the plagiarism detection software and the Internet Archive and Premium Scholarly Publications content databases .

The add-on AI detector is powered by Scribbr’s proprietary software.

Extensive testing proves that Scribbr’s plagiarism checker is one of the most accurate plagiarism checkers on the market in 2022.

The software detects everything from exact word matches to synonym swapping. It also has access to a full range of source types, including open- and restricted-access journal articles, theses and dissertations, websites, PDFs, and news articles.

At the moment we do not offer a monthly subscription for the Scribbr Plagiarism Checker . This means you won’t be charged on a recurring basis – you only pay for what you use. We believe this provides you with the flexibility to use our service as frequently or infrequently as you need, without being tied to a contract or recurring fee structure.

You can find an overview of the prices per document here:

Please note that we can’t give refunds if you bought the plagiarism check thinking it was a subscription service as communication around this policy is clear throughout the order process.

Your document will be compared to the world’s largest and fastest-growing content database , containing over:

• 99.3 billion current and historical webpages.
• 8 million publications from more than 1,700 publishers such as Springer, IEEE, Elsevier, Wiley-Blackwell, and Taylor & Francis.

Note: Scribbr does not have access to Turnitin’s global database with student papers. Only your university can add and compare submissions to this database.

Scribbr’s plagiarism checker offers complete support for 20 languages, including English, Spanish, German, Arabic, and Dutch.

The add-on AI Detector and AI Proofreader are only available in English.

The complete list of supported languages:

If your university uses Turnitin, the result will be very similar to what you see at Scribbr.

The only possible difference is that your university may compare your submission to a private database containing previously submitted student papers. Scribbr does not have access to these private databases (and neither do other plagiarism checkers).

To cater to this, we have the Self-Plagiarism Checker at Scribbr. Just upload any document you used and start the check. You can repeat this as often as you like with all your sources. With your Plagiarism Check order, you get a free pass to use the Self-Plagiarism Checker. Simply upload them to your similarity report and let us do the rest!

Your writing stays private. Your submissions to Scribbr are not published in any public database, so no other plagiarism checker (including those used by universities) will see them.

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• How do I use the Turnitin plagiarism service to check the originality of student submitted papers?

Tufts University has a University-wide contract with the Turnitin plagiarism detection service.

Instructors can use Turnitin with the Canvas Assignments tool to check for potential unoriginal content. Turnitin compares submitted papers to others found on the Internet, in its own paper repository, and in large academic proprietary databases. Instructors receive (in the Canvas Assignments tool) an “Originality Report” from Turnitin for each student submission.

At Tufts, Turnitin is only available to instructors for use with student work submitted via Canvas. Students cannot check their own papers via Turnitin.

Things to know about Turnitin:

• When Turnitin is used on an assignment, students will have a note on their assignment form indicating that the assignment will be checked by the Turnitin plagiarism service.
• Turnitin must be set up on a Canvas assignment before students begin submitting work. It cannot be added to an assignment later to check papers that have already been submitted.

Go to Assignments

Click Add assignment (+)

This displays the Create New Assignment form.

Add the Assignment title and directions

Under Submission Type, click in the dropdown box and select External tool

This displays the list of Canvas External tools.

Click Turnitin, then click Select

This connects the Assignment submissions to the Turnitin Service.

Add the desired assign dates/times, then click Save (or Save and Publish)

This creates an Assignment in which student submissions will be sent to Turnitin and an Originality Report will be returned back to the Canvas Assignment.

After Saving the Assignment, go back to the Assignment tool and click on the name of the assignment

This displays the details page for this assignment, including a Turnitin Properties Panel.

Click on the Turnitin Menu Icon

Click Settings

This displays the Turnitin Settings for this Assignment.

Click Optional Settings

This displays the Turnitin Optional Settings for this Assignment.

Select sources to compare

Select Originality Report generation and resubmissions

The default is "Generate Reports immediately (resubmissions ar not allowed)." If you do choose to allow resubmissions, Turnitin will not save any previous submissions (as Canvas Assignments usually do). Only the student's most recent submission will be saved and sent to Turnitin.

Select exclusions

Decide if students will receive a copy the the Originality Report

Allow students to view report:  If checked, students will be able to see a copy of the Turnitin originality report (in addition to the instructor). A link to the originality report (when it is completed) will be located on the student's view of the completed assignment.

Students will know in advance of their submitting their assignment file if the instructor is using the Turnitin service, regardless of their access to the returned originality report.

Decide what should happen with the paper once the Originality Report is completed

Selecting "Do not store" means that after the originality check has been performed on the paper, the paper will not go into Turnitin's paper repository.  This might be a good choice if the assignment is for a "draft" paper. If this option is selected, the second version of the paper submitted will not be checked against the draft version the same paper.

Selecting "Standard Paper Repository" means that after the originality check has been performed on the paper, the paper will go into Turnitin's paper repository. Other papers submitted to Turnitin (anywhere in the world) will be checked against it.

Click Submit (do not make any additional edits to Optional Settings)

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University Center for Teaching and Learning

Turnitin pros, cons and best practices.

Originally published in the University Times .

By J.D. WRIGHT

Web resources, often blamed for a perceived flood of plagiarism, offer possible solutions to this problem in the form of platforms that claim (explicitly or implicitly) to deter or detect plagiarism.

Best Practices

Be transparent.  Talk to your students about Turnitin, its benefits and limitations, and why you’re using it. This can help students understand the positive role that Turnitin, when thoughtfully deployed, can play in a course.

Teach academic integrity.  Don’t assume that students know what plagiarism is and how to avoid it. Levels of knowledge vary widely, and it’s only fair to educate students in the social and cultural norms attached to referencing and citation practices in academic culture.

Create authentic assessments. Consider a series of assignments instead of a single paper. A student who proposes a thesis, generates an annotated bibliography, produces a first draft and so on will learn more about the writing process and find it harder to plagiarize.

Customize the platform. Turnitin lets you exclude small matches and exclude quoted and bibliographic material, measures that help reduce false positives. You can also choose whether or not your students’ submissions will become part of the Turnitin database.

One such platform, which Pitt has been using for more than 10 years, is Turnitin, available both as a standalone application and as a Canvas integration. Turnitin compares student submissions to works in its database of material to find potentially problematic similarities. It generates an Originality Report based on this comparison, a report that contains a Similarity Index score showing how much of the material from a student’s submission appeared in other sources.

But if such platforms are “imperfect tools” (Hunt and Tompkins 2014, p. 63), then what are the benefits and drawbacks of Turnitin? How can instructors who adopt the platform use it most effectively? And what misconceptions often go along with using Turnitin as an aid for identifying and preventing plagiarism?

The big myth

Instructors who adopt Turnitin need to know that it does not  detect  plagiarism; “It merely matches material present in a specific document uploaded to the Turnitin website to material present on the internet” (Walker 2010, p. 43). Therefore, determining whether a paper is plagiarized “requires academic judgment” (Pitchford 2012, p. 61).

Turnitin can be both under-inclusive and over-inclusive, sometimes missing cases of true plagiarism and sometimes finding high degrees of similarity between student work and previously published material even when students have diligently maintained our academic-integrity expectations (Batane 2010).

Pros and cons of Turnitin

Concerns about a toxic culture of student-instructor mistrust inform one view of Turnitin, a platform that Brabazon (205, p. 14) ominously calls “the panopticon of plagiarism.” This is a skeptical perspective about Turnitin, its limitations and its effect on student-instructor relationships (Bruton and Childers 2016).

Some at the Teaching Center share a hesitant view of Turnitin. Cressida Magaro, manager of Educational Software Consulting, the unit that principally supports Turnitin at Pitt, notes that technology is not a cure-all for the academic integrity problems that can vex an institution of higher learning: “Academic integrity is an issue of institutional culture, not technology.”

Turnitin does not itself address the issues that give rise to academic integrity problems, so it doesn’t correct those problems, instead potentially leaving students with the bad feeling that they are suspected of cheating at the very outset of a course or with the sense that their work product is being used against them and others without their consent.

Turnitin has faced lawsuits brought by groups alleging that students’ intellectual property rights to their material were violated when Turnitin added those submissions to their ever-growing database. In every case, however, Turnitin has prevailed on fair use grounds. Yet for Magaro, this still raises some ethical questions for potential users to consider: Should student work be subjected to similarity review through Turnitin as a matter of routine without any prior indication that plagiarism might be a concern?

The Teaching Center’s Lindsay Onufer, program manager and teaching consultant, cautiously takes a hopeful view of Turnitin. “It’s just a tool,” she says, “and how you use it and how  well  you use it really matters.” Onufer values the platform for what it can do in an extreme case of blatant plagiarism, raising a red flag that the instructor can then independently investigate further, and she sees a real deterrent benefit in using Turnitin, one that is supported by research in the field (Betts, Bostock, Elder, and Trueman 2012; Buckley and Cowap 2013).

Combining Turnitin usage with education about the norms of academic writing, according to Onufer, “provides another tool in your arsenal” for dealing effectively with academic integrity issues. In particular, less-experienced student writers can sometimes plagiarize unwittingly and therefore need formative guidance to refine their academic writing prowess.

Don’t use Turnitin reflexively. It’s a powerful tool for flagging potential plagiarism, but remember that it isn’t a plagiarism detector. Because a high Similarity Index score doesn’t automatically point to plagiarism, you must review papers carefully. “Originality reports need interpretation” by thoughtful subject-matter experts (Betts, Bostock, Elder, and Trueman 2012, p. 76).

For a consultation on these issues or other teaching concerns, please contact the  Teaching Center  for help.

Batane, Tshepo. 2010. “Turning to Turnitin to Fight Plagiarism among University Students.”  Educational Technology and Society  13(2): 1-12.

Betts, Lucy R., Stephen J. Bostock, Tracey J. Elder, and Mark Trueman. 2012. “Encouraging Good Writing Practice in First-Year Psychology Students: An Intervention Using Turnitin.”  Psychology Teaching Review  18(2): 74-81.

Brabazon, Tara. “Turnitin? Turnitoff: The Deskilling of Information Literacy.”  Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education  16(3): 13-32.

Buckley, Emily, and Lisa Cowap. 2013. “An Evaluation of the Use of Turnitin for Electronic Submission and Marking and as a Formative Feedback Tool from an Educator’s Perspective.”  British Journal of Educational Technology  44(4): 562-70.

Hunt, Jared, and Patrick Tompkins. 2014. “A Comparative Analysis of SafeAssign and Turnitin.”  Inquiry: The Journal of the Virginia Community Colleges  19(1): 63-72.

Pitchford, Kay Tulley. 2012. “Mouse Click Plagiarism: Can Technology Help to Fight Back?”  Practitioner Research in Higher Education  6(2): 58-68.

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When you think about academic integrity, what comes to mind first? You may conceptualise it based on your institution’s policies on academic conduct and anti-cheating measures, or your own understanding of what constitutes honest behaviour in the pursuit of an education.

Hear from Carey Baptist College about their experiences in trialling Gradescope in their Science Department, and what they’ve learned during the process.

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What is the EasyBib plagiarism checker? 

Most basic plagiarism checkers review your work and calculate a percentage, meaning how much of your writing is indicative of original work. But, the EasyBib plagiarism checker goes way beyond a simple percentage. Any text that could be categorized as potential plagiarism is highlighted, allowing you time to review each warning and determine how to adjust it or how to cite it correctly.

You’ll even see the sources against which your writing is compared and the actual word for word breakdown. If you determine that a warning is unnecessary, you can waive the plagiarism check suggestion.

Plagiarism is unethical because it doesn’t credit those who created the original work; it violates intellectual property and serves to benefit the perpetrator. It is a severe enough academic offense, that many faculty members use their own plagiarism checking tool for their students’ work. With the EasyBib Plagiarism checker, you can stay one step ahead of your professors and catch citation mistakes and accidental plagiarism before you submit your work for grading.

Why use a plagiarism checker? 

Imagine – it’s finals week and the final research paper of the semester is due in two days. You, being quite familiar with this high-stakes situation, hit the books, and pull together a ten-page, last-minute masterpiece using articles and materials from dozens of different sources.

However, in those late, coffee-fueled hours, are you fully confident that you correctly cited all the different sources you used? Are you sure you didn’t accidentally forget any? Are you confident that your teacher’s plagiarism tool will give your paper a 0% plagiarism score?

That’s where the EasyBib plagiarism checker comes in to save the day. One quick check can help you address all the above questions and put your mind at ease.

What exactly is plagiarism? 

Plagiarism has a number of possible definitions; it involves more than just copying someone else’s work. Improper citing, patchworking, and paraphrasing could all lead to plagiarism in one of your college assignments. Below are some common examples of accidental plagiarism that commonly occur.

Quoting or paraphrasing without citations

Not including in-text citations is another common type of accidental plagiarism. Quoting is taking verbatim text from a source. Paraphrasing is when you’re using another source to take the same idea but put it in your own words. In both cases, it’s important to always cite where those ideas are coming from. The EasyBib plagiarism checker can help alert you to when you need to accurately cite the sources you used.

Patchwork plagiarism

When writing a paper, you’re often sifting through multiple sources and tabs from different search engines. It’s easy to accidentally string together pieces of sentences and phrases into your own paragraphs. You may change a few words here and there, but it’s similar to the original text. Even though it’s accidental, it is still considered plagiarism. It’s important to clearly state when you’re using someone else’s words and work.

Improper citations

Depending on the class, professor, subject, or teacher, there are multiple correct citation styles and preferences. Some examples of common style guides that are followed for citations include MLA, APA, and Chicago style. When citing resources, it’s important to cite them accurately. Incorrect citations could make it impossible for a reader to track down a source and it’s considered plagiarism. There are EasyBib citation tools to help you do this.

Don’t fall victim to plagiarism pitfalls. Most of the time, you don’t even mean to commit plagiarism; rather, you’ve read so many sources from different search engines that it gets difficult to determine an original thought or well-stated fact versus someone else’s work. Or worse, you assume a statement is common knowledge, when in fact, it should be attributed to another author.

When in doubt, cite your source!

Time for a quick plagiarism quiz! 

Which of the following requires a citation?

• A chart or graph from another source
• A paraphrase of an original source
• Several sources’ ideas summarized into your own paragraph
• A direct quote
• All of the above

If you guessed option E than you’d be correct. Correct punctuation and citation of another individual’s ideas, quotes, and graphics are a pillar of good academic writing.

What if you copy your own previous writing?

Resubmitting your own original work for another class’s assignment is a form of self-plagiarism, so don’t cut corners in your writing. Draft an original piece for each class or ask your professor if you can incorporate your previous research.

What features are available with the EasyBib plagiarism checker? 

Along with providing warnings and sources for possible plagiarism, the EasyBib  plagiarism checker works alongside the other EasyBib tools, including a grammar checker  and a spell checker . You’ll receive personalized feedback on your thesis and writing structure too!

The  plagiarism checker compares your writing sample with billions of available sources online so that it detects plagiarism at every level. You’ll be notified of which phrases are too similar to current research and literature, prompting a possible rewrite or additional citation. You’ll also get feedback on your paper’s inconsistencies, such as changes in text, formatting, or style. These small details could suggest possible plagiarism within your assignment.

And speaking of citations, there are also  EasyBib citation tools  available. They help you quickly build your bibliography and avoid accidental plagiarism. Make sure you know which citation format your professor prefers!

Great! How do I start? 

Simply copy and paste or upload your essay into the checker at the top of this page. You’ll receive the first five grammar suggestions for free! To try the plagiarism checker for free, start your EasyBib Plus three-day free trial.* If you love the product and decide to opt for premium services, you’ll have access to unlimited writing suggestions and personalized feedback.

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Visit www.easybib.com for more information on helpful EasyBib writing and citing tools.

For informational guides and on writing and citing, visit the EasyBib guides homepage .

Research integrity, collaboration and commercialization

Researchers, publishers, universities and society at large are faced with ongoing changes to the research landscape that impact research practice, output, competition and risk. Featuring insights from industry and academia, we’ve curated this collection of resources to help you to navigate new developments in research and uphold integrity.

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In this case study, we examine the ways Wikipedia uses iThenticate to ensure originality in its wiki content.

Plagiarism is no longer a problem unique to academia. Government organizations and officials have at various times, had to deal with issues arising from using material from pre-existing sources. In this blog post, you will learn how plagiarism can occur unintentionally, the potential consequences, and how technology can protect government reputations.

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• v.13(Suppl 1); 2019 Apr

Turnitin: Is it a text matching or plagiarism detection tool?

Sultan a. meo.

Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Muhammad Talha

1 Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

The institutional integrity constitutes the bases of scientific activity. The frequent incidences of similarity, plagiarism, and retraction cases created the space for frequent use of similarity and plagiarism detecting tools. Turnitin is software that identifies the matched material by checking the electronically submitted documents against its database of academic publications, internet, and previously submitted documents. Turnitin provides a “similarity index,” which does not mean plagiarism. The prevalence of plagiarism could not reduce tremendously in the presence of many paid and un-paid plagiarism detecting tools because of the assortment of reasons such as poor research and citation skills, language problems, underdeveloped academic skills, etc., This paper may provide an adequate feedback to the students, researchers, and faculty members in understanding the difference between similarity index and plagiarism.

Introduction

The mechanism of broadcasting the scientific knowledge has experienced paradigm shift. Research publications have become an essential component of an academic promotion, research grants, innovative ideas, institutional growth, and eventually the economic and country development. Because of the lack of knowledge of similarity and plagiarism and for achieving an additional professional targets scientific misconduct has been slinked in the academic institutes. The research misconduct defined as “fabrication, falsification or plagiarism in writing, reviewing, or in reporting the research results.”[ 1 ] Academic plagiarism is increasing globally, which is a serious threat on academic integrity. Institutional pressure to publish, inappropriate training in principled scientific writing, ignorance, misunderstanding, and lack of constitutional controls and clear policies to deal with scientific misconduct in academics have led to increase research misconduct.[ 2 ]

In 1997, an internet based tool called “Turnitin” was established by iParadigms LLC. The Turnitin parent company “iParadigms LLC” also recognized a similar software service for books, newspaper editors, and magazine called “iThenticate.” The other similar types of tools included “Turnitin Suite” “GradeMark,” and “PeerMark.” The popularity of Turnitin has been expanded in academic institutions throughout the world. Turnitin tool checks the contents of any documents for its association with original contents. It identifies the similarities to existing sources of the original contents of the documents. Its prime role is to evade the plagiarism and improve the integrity of the academic institutions.

High morals are equally important in medical and other disciplines. In biomedical research, ethics are very important where the element human is involved.[ 3 ] Similarly, in other disciplines such as natural Sciences[ 4 ] and Arts and Humanities, principled issues are addressed in terms of plagiarism. Plagiarism derives from the Latin word “plagiarius” that refers to abducting or kidnapping. Plagiarism is the presentation of the thoughts or work of another under own name,[ 5 ] whereas citing the titles of papers will be detected as a similarity such as book titles or bibliographies, references and quotes, common phrases and constructs, etc. Some well-known kinds of plagiarism are briefly defined in the Table 1 .[ 6 ]

Types of plagiarism

The researchers and students frequently visit the various search engines as research tools and think cutting and pasting as an easy way of conducting the research.[ 7 , 8 ] Knowingly or unknowingly, they do misconduct that ultimately damage the integrity of the individuals and institutions. In general, plagiarism is not intentional or deliberate cheating, e.g., it can be because of certain reasons such as lack of interest in the subject, lack of research skills, fear of failing, procrastination, and/or poor referencing skills.[ 9 , 10 ] Chaudhuri[ 11 ] defines the plagiarism as “an unfair use of somebody else's work without giving credit for it. It is necessary to cite and acknowledge the sources even if those ideas are paraphrased and re-written with different words.” The newly entered students to higher education are often faced with such problems because of unawareness about academic culture, environment, and dignity. Therefore, it creates a space between skills of the individuals and expectations of the institutions.[ 12 ] The possible reasons of plagiarism are elaborated in the Table 2 .

Why do researchers plagiarise?

The present paper highlights the pros and cons of an educational resource which is “electronic text matching tool” and the most widely used tool, Turnitin. The Gill Rowell dismisses the myth that Turnitin is a “plagiarism detection software and clarifies the contribution that Turnitin can and cannot make to the detection and prevention of plagiarism.” In this study, we explore the misconception which is calling Turnitin “a plagiarism detection software.” It will be quiet sensible to recall it as “a text-matching tool” that electronically checks the similar text of submitted material against web contents, its database of academic publication and earlier submitted documents.[ 13 ]

Plagiarism detection is an academic judgment, which is depending on plenty of factors, and only expert academicians can do this job. Turnitin or other similar software's produce “Originality Reports,” which is then interpreted by a person on the basis of the importance of the findings. Before creating the originality reports, bibliography, quoted material, and small matches (words or percentage) should be excluded. The interpretation of originality reports can be tricky depending on the expertise of the team member. For instance, it is not wise to simply rely on the percentage of similarity index 38%, human intervention is must to rule out the facts by thorough inspection of each single matching. For example, is it extracted from one source or gathered many small portions from different sources? Is it 38% extracted from methodology or discussion section? It is also relevant to see that all the matching portions are correctly cited to display the source.[ 13 ] Sometimes Turnitin matches your own (same) paper and shows the similarity index more than 90%; in this case, you have to analyze the originality report thoroughly by checking each and every single matched source. If it is verified that the matched source is your own paper itself, then this paper should be excluded from the originality report using given options. It is wise to select “no repository” option in “edit assignment settings” before creating new originality reports to avoid this problem. Using this option will not save the papers submitted to Turnitin database. The Table 3 presents various features of originality report, whereas Table 4 illustrates the color scheme with respect to percentages of similarity index.

Originality report

Interpreting results according to the originality report

Safe percentages

There are no sharply defined rules as all work will perhaps carry certain words from other sources. The percentage varies from university to university, however, a considerable percentage would be anything above 25% (Yellow, Orange, and Red). It is essential to understand that the “Similarity Index” is NOT a “plagiarism index”; there is no percentage that is characteristically “good” or “bad.” However, 0% (an authentic result) does not essentially mean that all is “OK” with the paper, and 75% (high similarity text) does not certainly mean that the researcher should flunk. Academic judgment (human intervention) is must to evaluate the originality report and to rule out the true plagiarism, if persists. The originality reports are solely tools to uncover potential sources of plagiarism or text, which could have been erroneously cited. There are a large number of uses for the Turnitin tool. Students frequently practice it to check the papers for missing citations, and faculties use the Turnitin to check the plagiarism in students' assignments, master/PhD theses, manuscripts, etc. If plagiarism suspected, better to discuss with concerned student, researcher, or faculty member first because researcher could be the victim of someone. Be a smart enough to look at the report and decide what is going on here? A hotchpotch of tips to avoid plagiarism is described in the Table 5 .

Ten tips to avoid the plagiarism using the Turnitin tool

It is essential to understand the difference between two elements – Similarity and Plagiarism. An example is incorporated to understand this dilemma. It is obvious from the Figure 1 that there are many words, abbreviations, names of the tests, diseases etc., one cannot change or paraphrase them and has to write the sentence/s as it is. In this case, the Turnitin shows 64% similarity index, which does not mean plagiarism. It means that 64% of your work is matched with already published work, this may include billions of pages available on internet, which does not qualify as plagiarism.

Example of an originality report presenting the similarity index

Clanton[ 14 ] argues that unless academic dishonesty is reasonably suspected, it is ethically problematic to necessitate submission through plagiarism detection services such as Turnitin because of multiple reasons. The plagiarism detection tools cannot identify each and every occurrence of plagiarism because their databases are not complete,[ 15 , 16 ] but these tools are increasing their capability for detecting and deterring plagiarism.

Scientific integrity is the main concern of the global research community. That is why many plagiarism prevention tools are introduced for the ease of researchers to check the originality of their work before publishing the document(s). Many ethical committees and code of ethics have been introduced to avoid plagiarism and deal with misconduct cases at institutional levels. Various universities and research institutes have established their rules and regulations to avoid the plagiarism and misconduct issues. Plagiarism prevention is essential to appropriately admit to the contributions and scientific inventions introduced by other persons. Honoring and crediting individual work who really deserve rather than misleading the persons who read it to wrongly consider that the work belongs to another individual. Therefore, it is pertinent for students, researchers, and faculty members to comprehend that the Turnitin is not a plagiarism detection tool, but it is a text matching tool that provides the similarity of the document/s with already published work, which is the foremost purpose of this paper. To avoid misconducts and its consequences, one should acknowledge the work of other persons appropriately by properly referencing and citing it.

Author's contributions

SAM: Writing and reviewing the manuscript, MT: Conceived, literature search, and writing and reviewing a draft.

Financial support and sponsorship

Conflicts of interest.

There are no conflicts of interest.

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the College of Medicine Research Centre (CMRC) and Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia for supporting the work.

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Want to master the basics of ethical academic writing and avoid accidental plagiarism when using AI tools? Check out these curated articles on plagiarism and ethical academic writing guidelines!

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