the indian constitution essay

Essay on Constitution of India

500+ words indian constitution essay for students and children in english.

A Constitution is a set of rules and regulations guiding the administration of a country. The Constitution is the backbone of every democratic and secular fabric of the nation. The Constitution of India is the longest Constitution in the world, which describes the framework for political principles, procedures and powers of the government. The Constitution of India was written on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950. In this essay on the Constitution of India, students will get to know the salient features of India’s Constitution and how it was formed.

Constitution of India Essay

On 26th January 1950, the Constitution of India came into effect. That’s why 26th January is celebrated as Republic Day in India.

How Was the Constitution of India Formed?

The representatives of the Indian people framed the Indian Constitution after a long period of debates and discussions. It is the most detailed Constitution in the world. No other Constitution has gone into such minute details as the Indian Constitution.

The Constitution of India was framed by a Constituent Assembly which was established in 1946. Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected President of the Constituent Assembly. A Drafting Committee was appointed to draft the Constitution and Dr B.R. Ambedkar was appointed as the Chairman. The making of the Constitution took a total of 166 days, which was spread over a period of 2 years, 11 months and 18 days. Some of the salient features of the British, Irish, Swiss, French, Canadian and American Constitutions were incorporated while designing the Indian Constitution.

Also Read: Evolution and Framing of the Constitution

Features of The Constitution of India

The Constitution of India begins with a Preamble which contains the basic ideals and principles of the Constitution. It lays down the objectives of the Constitution.

The Longest Constitution in the world

The Indian Constitution is the lengthiest Constitution in the world. It had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules at the time of commencement. Now it has 448 articles in 25 parts and 12 schedules. There are 104 amendments (took place on 25th January 2020 to extend the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and state assemblies) that have been made in the Indian Constitution so far.

How Rigid and Flexible is the Indian Constitution?

One of the unique features of our Constitution is that it is not as rigid as the American Constitution or as flexible as the British Constitution. It means it is partly rigid and partly flexible. Owing to this, it can easily change and grow with the change of times.

The Preamble

The Preamble has been added later to the Constitution of India. The original Constitution does not have a preamble. The preamble states that India is a sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic. The objectives stated by the Preamble are to secure justice, liberty, and equality for all citizens and promote fraternity to maintain the unity and integrity of the nation.

Federal System with Unitary Features

The powers of the government are divided between the central government and the state governments. The Constitution divides the powers of three state organs, i.e., executive, judiciary and legislature. Hence, the Indian Constitution supports a federal system. It includes many unitary features such as a strong central power, emergency provisions, appointment of Governors by the President, etc.

Fundamental rights and fundamental duties

The Indian Constitution provides an elaborate list of Fundamental Rights to the citizens of India. The Constitution also provides a list of 11 duties of the citizens, known as the Fundamental Duties. Some of these duties include respect for the national flag and national anthem, integrity and unity of the country and safeguarding of public property.

Also Read: Difference between Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties

India is a republic which means that a dictator or monarch does not rule the country. The government is of the people, by the people and for the people. Citizens nominate and elect its head after every five years.

Related Read: Constitution of India – 13 Major Features

The Constitution serves as guidelines for every citizen. It helped India to attain the status of a Republic in the world. Once Atal Bihari Vajpayee said that “governments would come and go, political parties would be formed and dissolved, but the country should survive, and democracy should remain there forever”.

We hope that this essay on the “Constitution of India” must have helped students. For the latest updates on ICSE/CBSE/State Board/Competitive Exams, stay tuned to BYJU’S. Also, download the BYJU’S App for watching interesting study videos.

Also Read: Independence Day Essay | Republic Day Essay | Essay on Women Empowerment

Frequently Asked Questions on Constitution of India Essay

Who is the father of our indian constitution.

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar is the father of our Indian Constitution. He framed and drafted our Constitution.

Who signed the Indian Constitution?

Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the first person from the Constitution Assembly to have signed the Indian Constitution.

What is mentioned in the Preamble of our Indian Constitution?

The preamble clearly communicates the purpose and emphasis the importance of the objectives of the Indian Constitution.

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Essay on Constitution of India in English for Children and Students

Table of Contents

Essay on Constitution of India: The constitution of India became effective on 26 th January 1950; though it was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 th November 1949. It was written by a drafting committee headed by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. Therefore it is the longest written constitution that defines the power, procedures and responsibilities of the government institutions of India and gives detailed account of the fundamental rights and duties of the citizens of our country.

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Target Exam ---

The original Indian Constitution is hand written, calligraphed and also the lengthiest Constitution in the world. The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India drafted by the Constituent Assembly, superior even to the Parliament, as it cannot over rides it. With the Constitution coming into effect, India’s status from “Dominion of India” was changed to the “Republic of India”.

Long and Short Essay on Constitution of India in English

Here are long and short essay on Constitution of India to help you with the topic in your exam.

After going through the Constitution of India essay you will know about the features of Constitution, who was in the drafting committee of the constitution, which other constitutions is the Indian constitution inspired from, how long does it took to draft the Constitution, and other facts of the Constitution of India.

However you can use these essays in your school’s essay writing competition, debate competition or other similar events.

Short Essay on Constitution of India in 200 words

The Constitution of India drafted under the chairmanship of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar who known as the Father of the Indian Constitution. It took almost three years to draft the Constitution. Various socio-political and economic aspects of the society were taken into consideration while drafting the Constitution. The drafting committee also referred to the Constitutions of various other counties including Britain, France and Japan to seek valuable inputs.

The Constitution of India includes the Fundamental Rights and Duties of the citizens, the Directive Principles of State Policy and the Federal Structure of the Government of India. Every policy, right and duty has explained at length in the Indian Constitution thereby making it the longest written Constitution in the world.

More than 2000 amendments had to made in the Constitution of India in order to get it approved. It was adopted on 26th November 1949 and enforced completely on 26 th January 1950. This was the day when our country began to be known as the Republic of India. 26 th January is since then celebrated as the Republic Day. The Indian National Flag is hoisted at various places across the country and the National Anthem is sung to rejoice the day. National Constitution Day, a special day dedicated particularly to the Indian Constitution, came into being in 2015.

Essay on Importance of Constitution of India in 300 words

The Constitution of India is known to the supreme document that gives a detailed account of what the citizens of India can and also cannot do. It has set a standard that needs to followed to ensure law and order in the society and also to help it develop and prosper.

Constitution Defines the Fundamental Rights and Duties of Indian Citizens

The fundamental rights and duties of the Indian citizens have clearly defined in the Constitution of the country. However the Fundamental Rights of the Indian citizens include the Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right to Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights, Right against Exploitation, Right to Constitutional Remedies. Therefore these are the basic rights that all the citizens of the country entitled to irrespective of their caste, colour, creed or religion.

Some of the fundamental duties of an Indian citizen are to respect the constitution, honour the national flag and national anthem, protect the unity, preserve the heritage of the country, protect the integrity and sovereignty of India, promote the spirit of brotherhood, have compassion for living creatures, strive for excellence, protect public property and contribute his/ her bit in maintaining peace. These also mentioned at length in the Indian Constitution.

Constitution Defines the Structure and Working of the Government

The structure and working of the government also stated at length in the Constitution of India. The Constitution mentions that India has a parliamentary system of government. This system is present at the centre as well as in the states. The Prime Minister and the Union Council of Ministers have the power to take all the major decisions. The President of India, on the other hand, has nominal powers.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar along with his team of six members who were a part of the drafting committee came up with the Constitution of India. The Constitution approved after several amendments. Many amendments have also done after the enforcement of the Constitution.

Essay on Formation of Constitution of India in 400 words

The Constitution of India came into form on 26 th November 1949. A special committee formed to draft the Constitution that gives a detailed account of the practices that are deemed lawful and those deemed unlawful and are punishable. Therefore the Constitution was enforced on 26 th January 1950. With the enforcement of the Constitution, our country came to be known as the Republic of India.

Special Drafting Committee for the Constitution of India

The task of drafting the Constitution of India was that of great responsibility. The Constituent Assembly set up a special drafting committee to further this work. There were seven members in the drafting committee. These included prominent Indian leaders namely, B.R. Ambedkar, B.L. Mitter, K.M. Munshi, N. Gopalaswami Ayengar, Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar, DP and Mohammad Saadullah. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar headed the drafting committee. Ambedkar referred to as the Father of the Indian Constitution. This is because it was under his guidance and supervision that this big draft came into form.

Indian Constitution – Inspired by Constitutions of Other Countries

The constitution of India drew inspiration from the constitutions of various other countries. Many of the concepts and acts included in our constitution borrowed from the constitutions of countries such as France, Germany, Japan, Australia, USA, Britain, Ireland, Russia and South Africa.

The drafting committee of the Indian Constitution also referred to the Government of India Act 1858, the Government of India Act 1919 and 1935 and the Indian Independence Act 1947 to get an idea about the acts and features to be included in the Constitution. These previous acts helped the committee understand the condition and requirement of the citizens of the country. Our Constitution thus often referred to as the bag of borrowings. It consisted of as many as 395 articles, 22 parts and 8 schedules at the time of its enactment. It handwritten and calligraphed.

After putting in immense efforts when the drafting committee presented the final draft of the Constitution of India, it suggested to make several amendments. The committee sat together to make more than 2000 amendments to get the Constitution approved. The members conducted several discussions to make appropriate amendments for getting the approval. 284 members of the Constituent Assembly of India signed the Constitution to give their approval on the same. This done two days before the enforcement of the constitution.

The Constitution of India is a massive piece of writing that includes a detailed account of the dos and don’ts for the Indian system. It has undergone around 100 amendments since it came into form.

Essay on Constitution of India in 500 words

Constitution of india – the supreme power of country.

The Constitution of India rightly said to the supreme power of the country. The laws, codes, rights and duties mentioned in the Indian Constitution need to followed strictly by the citizens of the country. Therefore the decisions made in the parliament and Supreme Court of India are all based on the laws and codes defined in the Constitution of India. Parliament of India does not have the power to override the constitution.

Dr. B. R Ambedkar – The Chief Architect of Indian Constitution

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar headed the drafting committee formed to write the Constitution of India. He was the chairman of this committee. He contributed immensely in the formation of the Constitution by giving several valuable inputs and thus came to be known as the chief architect of the Constitution of India. There were six other members in the drafting committee which formed by the Constituent Assembly of India. These members worked under the guidance of Dr. Ambedkar.

Constitution of India Replaced Government of India Act

The Government of India Act, 1935 acted as the fundamental governing document of India until the formation of the Constitution of India. The Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution of India in November 1949. Many of the articles of the Constitution came into force at that time. The Constitution effectively enforced on 26 th January 1950 which came to known as the Indian Republic Day. The remaining articles became effective on this date. Our country which until then called the Dominion of the British Crown thereafter came to known as the Sovereign Democratic Republic of India.

Special Days to Celebrate the Constitution of India

The formation and enforcement of Indian Constitution celebrated at a grand scale on the Republic Day each year. Republic Day is a national holiday in the country. A massive event organized at India Gate, New Delhi on Republic Day to honour the Constitution of the country. The constitutional head of India, i.e., its president hoists national flag at Rajpath. The Prime Minister and President of India and several Chief Ministers of different states of the country are present at the event. Parades by school kids and armed forces held on Rajpath. School children also perform dances and other cultural acts. Parade of beautiful tableau displaying the culture of various Indian states also held during the event.

Several small events organized at different offices and schools throughout the country to commemorate the Indian Constitution. Painting, essay and music competitions held in schools in addition to colleges. Patriotic songs sung and aslo speeches about the Constitution of India delivered.

National Constitution Day

In the year 2015, Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, gave the suggestion to dedicate an exclusive day to our constitution. Since the Indian Constitution adopted on 26 th November 1949, this date chosen to honour the constitution. 26 th November celebrated as the National Constitution Day since 2015.

Many small and big events organized in schools, colleges and government institutions across India on this day. The importance of the Indian Constitution emphasized during these events. Patriotic songs sung and cultural activities organized to celebrate the day.

The Constitution of India has prepared with precision considering the interest of the common man as well as the overall interest of the country. It is a gift for the citizens of our country.

Long Essay on Constitution of India (600 words)

Introduction

Enforced on 26 th January 1950, the Constitution of India prepared by a committee consisting of seven members headed by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. It guides the citizens of India, the country’s government bodies and other authorities to act in the right manner. However it has played a significant role in maintaining peace and prosperity in the country.

Salient Features of the Constitution of India

Here are the top salient features of the constitution of India:

Longest Written Constitution

The Constitution of India the longest written constitution in the world. It took almost three years to write this detailed constitution. However it has a preamble, 448 articles, 25 groups, 12 schedules and 5 appendices. It is much lengthier than the US Constitution that includes only 7 Articles.

Amalgamation of Rigidity and Flexibility

The Constitution of India is a mix of rigidity and flexibility. While it is the supreme power that needs to followed diligently to maintain law and order in the country, the citizens can appeal to amend the provisions they deem outdated or stern. While certain provisions can amended with some difficulty others are easy to amend. As many as 103 amendments have done in the Constitution of our country since its enforcement.

The Preamble

The well drafted Preamble of the Indian Constitution gives a detailed account of the philosophy of the constitution. It states that India is a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic. It is a welfare state which puts its people first. However it believes in equality, freedom and justice for its people. While democratic socialism followed right from the beginning, the term Socialism added only in 1976.

India – A Secular State

The Constitution has declared India a secular state. Therefore India does not give special status to any religion. It provides its citizens complete freedom to choose their religion. It condemns religious groups instigating people in the name of religion.

India – A Republic

The Constitution declares India to be a Republic. Therefore the country not ruled by a nominated head or monarch. It has an elected head called the President. The President, elected indirectly by the people of the country, comes to power for a period of 5 years.

India – A Mix of Federalism and Unitarianism

The Constitution describes India as a federal structure with many unitary features. It referred to as a Quasi-Federation or a Unitarian Federation. Just like a federation, India has divided power among the centre and states. It has a dual administration system. It has a written, supreme constitution that needs to followed religiously. Therefore it includes an independent judiciary embedded with the power to decide centre-state disputes. At the same time it has unitary features such as a strong common constitution, common election commission and emergency provisions to name a few.

Fundamental Duties of Citizens

The Constitution of India clearly states the fundamental duties of its citizens. Some of these are to upload and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India, respect the national flag and the national anthem, preserve the rich heritage of the country, protect the natural environment, safeguard public property and treat everyone equally.

Directive Principles of the State Policy

The Directive Principles of the State Policy also mentioned in the Constitution of India. These principles are basically the guidelines provided to the state to further socio-economic development aims via its policies.

The Constitution of India serves as a guiding light for its citizens. Therefore everything well-defined in the Indian Constitution. It has helped India attain the status of a Republic. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and the members of the drafting committee of the Indian constitution have indeed done a commendable job for which they will always remembered.

Essay on Constitution of India FAQs

What is indian constitution short note.

The Indian Constitution is a written document that outlines the framework and rules for governing India. It defines the powers, duties, and responsibilities of the government and its citizens.

What is constitution in 100 words?

A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents that a state or organization is governed by. It outlines the structure of government, establishes rights and freedoms, and provides the framework for laws and institutions.

What is constitution 10 lines?

A constitution is a written document that sets the basic rules for governing a country. It defines the structure of the government, allocates powers among different entities, protects the rights of citizens, and establishes the legal framework for the nation.

What is the Constitution of India?

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the country. It lays down the framework that defines the political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers, and duties of the government institutions, and sets out fundamental rights and duties of citizens.

Who started Constitution of India?

The drafting committee for the Constitution of India was chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. He played a pivotal role in shaping and finalizing the Constitution.

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Essay on Constitution 500+ Words

The Constitution of India serves as the guiding star of our nation, shedding light on the path to justice, equality, and democracy. Furthermore, it is a remarkable document that molds our country’s destiny, guaranteeing that India maintains its status as a diverse and vibrant democracy. In the following essay, we will delve into the Constitution of India, examining its significance, history, and the fundamental principles that distinguish it as truly exceptional.

The Birth of the Constitution:

The Constitution of India, adopted on January 26, 1950, marked the moment when India became a republic. Furthermore, it was the culmination of years of dedicated effort by a distinguished assembly of minds known as the Constituent Assembly. Notably, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the principal architect, played an indispensable role in shaping this significant document.

Guarantor of Rights:

One of the most important aspects of the Indian Constitution is that it guarantees fundamental rights to its citizens. These rights ensure that every Indian is treated fairly and has the freedom to express themselves, practice their religion, and more.

Equality for All:

The Constitution promotes equality in all aspects of life. It does not discriminate based on caste, religion, gender, or place of birth. This principle of equality helps India embrace its diversity and promotes unity among its people.

Democracy in Action:

India is the world’s largest democracy, and the Constitution is the backbone of this system. It outlines how our government works, from elections to the roles of the President, Prime Minister, and Parliament. Every citizen’s vote matters, making India a true democracy.

Directive Principles of State Policy:

The Constitution includes directive principles that guide the government on how to create a just and equal society. These principles focus on eradicating poverty, providing education, and improving the living conditions of the people.

Amendments and Evolution:

The Constitution is not set in stone; it can be amended or changed to suit the evolving needs of the country. This flexibility allows us to adapt to new challenges and make improvements as necessary.

Fundamental Duties:

While the Constitution grants rights, it also emphasizes the importance of responsibilities. It outlines fundamental duties that every citizen should follow to help maintain peace and harmony in the country.

Safeguarding Justice:

The Constitution also established the judiciary as a separate and independent branch of government. The Supreme Court, with its judges, ensures that the laws are followed and justice is served.

Diversity Respected:

India is known for its diversity in languages, religions, and cultures. The Constitution acknowledges and respects this diversity, allowing people to freely practice their religions and preserve their traditions.

Conclusion of Essay on Constitution

In conclusion, the Constitution of India is not just a legal document; it’s the soul of our nation. It embodies the dreams and aspirations of millions, ensuring that India remains a diverse, democratic, and inclusive country. The principles of justice, equality, and freedom that it upholds are the very values that make India a shining example to the world. As citizens of this great nation, it’s our duty to uphold and protect the Constitution, for it is our guiding light towards a brighter and more equitable future. The Constitution of India is not just a piece of paper; it’s the heart that beats within our nation, uniting us all in the spirit of democracy and progress.

Also Check: Simple Guide on How To Write An Essay

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Essay on Indian Constitution in 100, 250, and 350 words

• Updated on  
• Jan 3, 2024

The constitution of India was written and adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949 but it became effective on 26th January 1950. It is a set of rules and regulations that guide the administration of the country. It is the backbone of every democratic and secular fabric of the nation. The Indian Constitution is the longest in the world and describes the framework for political principles, procedures and powers of the government. This is just a brief paragraph on the Indian constitution, we have provided samples of essay on Indian Constitution. Let’s explore them!

Table of Contents

• 1 Essay on Indian Constitution in 100 words
• 2 Essay on Indian Constitution in 250 words
• 3 Essay on Indian Constitution in 350 words
• 4 Indian Constitution Defines the Fundamental Rights and Duties of Indian Citizens
• 5 The Constitution Defines the Structure and Working of the Government
• 6 Conclusion

Learn more about the Making of Indian Constitution

Essay on Indian Constitution in 100 words

The Indian Constitution became effective on the 26th of January 1950 although the Constituent Assembly adopted it on the 26th of November 1949. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar headed the drafting committee that wrote it. Hence, it was the longest-written constitution of India and provides a detailed account of the fundamental rights and duties of the citizens of India. The original constitution of India is the lengthiest in the world and is hand-written and calligraphed. It is the supreme law of India that is drafted by the Constituent Assembly which is even superior to the Parliament. After the constitution came into effect, the status of India changed from “Dominion of India” to “Republic of India”. Hence, 26th January is celebrated as The Republic Day of India.

Also Read:- Importance of Internet

Essay on Indian Constitution in 250 words

The Indian Constitution was drafted under the chairmanship of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar who is known as the ‘Father of Indian Constitution’. It took almost 3 years to draft the same. Various aspects of the society such as economic, socio-political, etc were taken into consideration while drafting the constitution. While drafting the Indian Constitution, the drafting committee took into consideration various constitutions of other countries such as France, Japan and Britain to seek valuable insights. 

The Fundamental Rights and Duties of the Indian Citizens, the Directive Principles of State Policy and the Federal Structure of the Government of India, all were included in the Indian Constitution. Every policy, duty and right has been explained at length in the Indian Constitution hence making it the lengthiest written constitution in the world. 

There were more than 2000 amendments that had to be made to the Indian Constitution to get it approved. The same was adopted on November 26th, 1949 and was enforced on January 26th, 1950. From that day onwards, the status of India changed from “Dominion of India” to “Republic of India”. And that is why since then, 26th January is celebrated as the Republic Day. On this occasion, the National Flag of India is hoisted at various places across the nation and the National Anthem is sung to rejoice the day. There is a special day that is dedicated to the Indian Constitution known as the ‘National Constitution Day’ that came into existence in 2015. 

Also Read:- Essay on Pollution

Essay on Indian Constitution in 350 words

The Indian Constitution is the supreme document that gives a very detailed account of what the citizens of India can and also cannot do. It has been set up as a standard that needs to be followed to ensure law and order in society and also to help it develop and prosper.

Indian Constitution Defines the Fundamental Rights and Duties of Indian Citizens

The duties and the Fundamental Rights of the Indian citizens have been clearly stated and defined in the Constitution of India. The Fundamental Rights include:

• The Right to Equality
• The Right to Freedom
• The Right to Freedom of Religion
• Cultural and Educational Rights
• Right Against Exploitation
• Right to Constitutional Remedies

These are the basic rights and all the citizens across the country are entitled to the same irrespective of their colour, caste, creed, or religion.

Fundamental Duties of the Indian CItizens that are included in the Indian Constitution are:-

• Respecting the Constitution of India
• To always honour the National Anthem and the National Flag
• To protect the unity
• Preserving the heritage of the county
• Protecting the integrity and sovereignty of India
• Promoting the spirit of brotherhood
• To have compassion for living creatures
• To strive for excellence 
• To protect public property and contribute your bit to maintaining peace

These are also mentioned in detail in the Indian Constitution. 

The Constitution Defines the Structure and Working of the Government

The working of the Government as well as its structure is also mentioned in detail in the Indian Constitution.  The Indian Constitution mentions that India has a parliamentary system of government that is present at the centre as well as in states. The power to take major decisions lies with the Prime Minister and the Union Council of Ministers. The president of India on the other hand, has nominal powers.

Also Read: Essay on Human Rights

The Constitution of India was approved after several amendments by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar who, along with his team of six members, was a part of the drafting committee that came up with the Indian Constitution.

Ans: The Indian Constitution became effective on the 26th of January 1950 although the Constituent Assembly adopted it on the 26th of November 1949. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar headed the drafting committee that wrote it. Hence, it was the longest-written constitution of India and provides a detailed account of the fundamental rights and duties of the citizens of India. The original constitution of India is the lengthiest in the world and is hand-written and calligraphed. It is the supreme law of India that is drafted by the Constituent Assembly which is even superior to the Parliament. After the constitution came into effect, the status of India changed from “Dominion of India” to “Republic of India”. Hence, 26th January is celebrated as The Republic Day of India.

Ans: The constitution of India was written and adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949 but it became effective on 26th January 1950. It is a set of rules and regulations that guide the administration of the country. It is the backbone of every democratic and secular fabric of the nation. The Indian Constitution is the longest in the world. And describes the framework for political principles, procedures and powers of the government.

Ans: The Indian Constitution is the supreme document that gives a very detailed account of what the citizens of India can and also cannot do. It has been set up as a standard that needs to be followed to ensure law and order in society and also to help it develop and prosper.

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Essay On Constitution Of India

The Constitution of India is a set of rules and regulations that was drafted by a committee headed by Dr. B.R Ambedkar. It contains the guidelines as per which our country is expected to function such that its political, legal, and social ecosystems stay maintained. Here are a few sample essays on “Constitution of India”.

100 Words Essay On Constitution of India

The Constitution of India is a legal document that outlines the political system's framework and the obligations, privileges, and restraints to which this country should adhere.

The Indian Constitution came into force on this date in 1950. Although Dr. Ambedkar is renowned for his significant contribution to the constitution's drafting, 299 people put a lot of effort into making it what it is today.

The Indian constitution is the lengthiest in the world. There are 25 parts, 448 articles, and 12 schedules in it. The people who wrote the constitution had to pay attention to even the most minor details because our country is vast, with many different cultures, castes, religions, and states.

200 Words Essay On Constitution of India

The Indian constitution is a document which contains the framework of our political system, the duties, rights, limitations, and structure of government that we should follow in this nation. In addition, it lays out the rights and obligations of Indian citizens. In India, nobody, not even the prime minister or the president, can violate the constitution.

Republic Day | India celebrates Republic Day on January 26 every year. This day is remembered as when the Indian Constitution became effective in 1950. Dr. Ambedkar played a significant role in drafting the constitution, but 299 others prominently contributed to its creation.

Length | The Indian constitution is the lengthiest in the world. It has 448 articles organised into 25 parts and 12 schedules. The drafting and enforcement of the constitution were democratic processes. It protects the fundamental rights of every Indian.

Provisions | The constitution divides the strengths of three governmental institutions: the executive, judiciary, and legislature. This means that the Indian Constitution advocates for a federal government. According to the Preamble, the country's unity and integrity must be safeguarded by achieving justice, liberty, and equality for all people. State governments and the central government share government powers. The constitution says India is a republic, meaning no dictator or king governs it. Individuals are the public authority. Citizens elect their leaders every five years.

500 Words Essay on The Constitution of India

The longest constitution of any sovereign state in the world, the Indian Constitution offers a comprehensive framework for governing the nation while considering its diversity in social, cultural, and religious beliefs.

Constituent Assembly

The members of the provincial assemblies chosen by the Indian people formed the Constituent Assembly of India, which drafted the constitution. Dr Sachidanand Sinha presided over the Constituent Assembly as its first president. Later, Dr Rajendra Prasad was chosen to serve as its leader.

Length Of The Constitution

The Indian Constitution is the world's longest-written constitution for any sovereign nation and is a unique document with many extraordinary features. The constitution's original text had 395 articles divided into 25 parts and 12 schedules. It became effective on January 26, 1950, and India celebrated Republic Day. Since then, 100 amendments have brought the total number of articles to 448.

Drafting Of The Constitution

The Indian Constitution, which offers a comprehensive and dynamic framework to guide and govern the country while keeping in mind its unique social, cultural, and religious diversity, is credited to Dr BR Ambedkar, chairman of its drafting committee. It creates the three main branches of government—executive, legislative, and judicial—and lays out their respective roles, responsibilities, and powers. It also governs their interactions with one another.

In the Preamble to the Constitution, India is described as a welfare state dedicated to securing justice, liberty, and equality for all citizens and fostering fraternity, the dignity of each person, and the unity and integrity of the country. The Preamble's objectives form the fundamental framework of the Indian Constitution, which cannot be changed. The Preamble's opening and closing clauses, "We, the People... adopt, enact, and give to ourselves this Constitution," indicate that the people ultimately hold the reins of power.

Fundamental Rights

The constitution grants citizens a wide range of fundamental rights. These include the following:

The right to equality

The right to freedom

The right against exploitation

The right to freedom of religion

The right to cultural and educational freedom

The right to constitutional remedies

These rights are actionable in court, and if one is violated, a person may file a petition with the Supreme Court or one of the High Courts. However, there are limitations to India's fundamental rights. It is possible to impose reasonable limitations. Fundamental duties were added to the constitution by the 42nd Amendment in 1976 to remind people that while exercising their rights as citizens, they also have obligations because rights and obligations are correlated.

Directive Principles Of State Policy

The constitution also has a chapter on the ‘Directive Principles Of State Policy’. These serve as instructions to the government on how to put them into practice to establish social and economic democracy in the country.

The fact that the constitution is a living document that can change over time through interpretation or amendment is one of its advantages. To avoid impeding the nation's and its people's progress, it is also among the most frequently amended constitutions in the world.

As a result, the success of the Indian Constitution for a nation as diverse and as complex as India continues to fascinate, astound, and incite experts worldwide.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Constitution of india: meaning, structure, enactment, features & significance.

The Constitution of India , as the fundamental law of the land , embodies the values, principles, and governance framework of our country. It serves as the supreme law, guiding the state’s functioning and ensuring citizen’s rights and responsibilities. With its roots grounded in historical struggles, philosophical ideals, and societal aspirations, it reflects the nation’s collective journey toward democracy, justice, and equality. This article of NEXT IAS aims to explain the meaning, structure, salient features, significance, and other aspects of the Constitution of India.

What is the Meaning of Constitution?

A Constitution of a state is a fundamental set of principles or established precedents according to which the state is governed. It outlines the organization, powers, and limits of government institutions, as well as the rights and duties of citizens. It serves as the supreme law of the land , providing a framework for the functioning of the government, the protection of individual liberties, and the maintenance of social order.

What is Constitution of India?

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the Republic of India. It lays down the framework for the country’s political system, defining the powers and responsibilities of government institutions, safeguarding fundamental rights, and outlining the principles of governance. It is a set of rules and regulations guiding the administration of a country.

Structure of the Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution is one of the longest and most detailed written constitutions in the world. Various components of the structure of the Indian Constitution can be seen as follows:

• A “Part” of the Constitution refers to a division within the Constitution that groups together Articles on similar subjects or themes.
• The Indian Constitution is structured into various Parts, each dealing with a specific aspect of the country’s legal, administrative, or governmental framework.
• Originally, there were 22 parts in the Constitution of India. As of now, there are 25 parts of the Indian Constitution.
• An “Article” refers to a specific provision or clause within the Constitution that details various aspects of the country’s legal and governmental framework.
• Each part of the constitution contains several articles numbered sequentially.
• Originally, there were 395 articles in the Constitution of India. As of now, the Indian Constitution contains 448 articles .
• A “Schedule” refers to a list or a table attached to the Constitution that details certain additional information or guidelines relevant to the constitutional provisions.
• They provide clarity and supplementary details, making the Constitution more comprehensive and functional.
• Originally, there were 8 schedules in the Constitution of India. As of now, there are 12 schedules in the Indian Constitution.

Enactment and Adoption of the Indian Constitution

• The Constitution of India was framed by a Constituent Assembly which was established in 1946. The President of the Constituent Assembly was Dr. Rajendra Prasad .
• On 29th August 1947, a resolution was moved in the Constituent Assembly for the appointment of a Drafting Committee to draft a permanent constitution of India. Accordingly, the Drafting Committee was appointed under the chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar .
• The Drafting Committee took a total of 166 days , which was spread over 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days to prepare a draft constitution. The final draft of the Constitution was introduced in the Constituent Assembly on 4th November 1948 .
• After many deliberations and some modifications, the Draft Constitution was declared as passed by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949. This is known as the “ Date of Adoption ” of the Constitution of India.
• A few provisions of the Constitution came into force on 26th November 1949. However, the major part of the Constitution came into force on 26th January 1950, making India a sovereign republic. This date is known as the “ Date of Enactment ” of the Constitution of India.

Salient Features of the Indian Constitution

• Several factors that have contributed to its elephantine size include – the need to accommodate the vast diversity of the country, a single constitution for both the Center and States, the presence of legal experts and luminaries in the Constituent Assembly, etc.
• Drawn from Various Sources – The Constitution of India has borrowed most of its provisions from the Government of India Act of 1935 as well as from the constitutions of various other countries.
• The Constitution of India is neither rigid nor flexible, but a synthesis of both.
• Federal System with Unitary Bias – The Constitution of India establishes a federal system of government and contains all the usual features of a federation. However, it also contains a large number of unitary or non-federal features.
• Parliamentary Form of Government – The Constitution of India has adopted the British Parliamentary System of Government. The parliamentary system is based on the principle of cooperation and coordination between the legislative and executive organs.
• While Parliament retains the ultimate authority to make laws , the judiciary serves as the guardian of the Constitution , ensuring that parliamentary actions adhere to constitutional norms and protect fundamental rights.
• An integrated judicial system means that a single system of courts, comprising of Supreme Court , High Courts, and Subordinate Courts, enforces both the central laws as well as the state laws.
• An independent judicial system means that the Indian judiciary operates autonomously, free from the influence of the executive and legislative branches of government.
• Fundamental Rights – The Indian Constitution guarantees 6 fundamental rights to all citizens, which promotes the idea of political democracy in the country. They operate as limitations on the tyranny of the executive and arbitrary laws of the legislature.
• The Directive Principles seek to establish a ‘Welfare State’ in India by promoting the ideal of social and economic democracy.
• These duties serve as a guide for citizens to contribute towards building a strong and harmonious nation.
• A Secular State – The Constitution of India does not uphold any particular religion as the official religion of the Indian State. Instead, it mandates that the state treat all religions equally, refraining from favoring or discriminating against any particular religion.
• Every citizen who is not less than 18 years of age has a right to vote without any discrimination based on caste, race, religion, sex, literacy, wealth, and so on.
• Single Citizenship – Single citizenship is a constitutional principle in India whereby all citizens irrespective of the state in which they are born or reside enjoy the same political and civil rights of citizenship all over the country, and no discrimination is made between them.
• Independent Bodies – The Indian Constitution has established certain independent bodies which are envisaged as the bulwarks of the democratic system of Government in India.
• The rationale behind the incorporation of these provisions is to safeguard the sovereignty, unity, integrity, and security of the country, the democratic political system, and the Constitution .
• This decentralized system allows for effective governance by delegating authority to address regional and local issues, promoting participatory democracy and grassroots development.
• Co-operative Societies – The 97th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2011 gave constitutional status and protection to co-operative societies.

Significance of the Constitution of India

• Rule of Law – The Constitution establishes the framework for governance based on the rule of law, ensuring that no individual, including government officials, is above the law.
• Protection of Rights – It guarantees fundamental rights to citizens, safeguarding their freedoms of speech, expression, religion, and more, while also providing mechanisms for legal redress if these rights are infringed upon.
• Structure of Government – The Constitution delineates the structure of government, defining the roles, powers, and limitations of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. This separation of powers prevents the concentration of authority and promotes checks and balances.
• Democratic Principles – Through provisions like a universal adult franchise, the constitution upholds democratic principles by ensuring citizens’ participation in governance through free and fair elections.
• Stability and Continuity – The constitution provides stability and continuity in governance, serving as a framework for guiding successive governments and preventing abrupt changes in the political system.
• National Unity – It fosters national unity by recognizing and respecting the diversity of the populace while also promoting a sense of common citizenship and allegiance to the nation.
• Legal Framework – The constitution serves as the legal foundation upon which all laws and regulations are based, providing consistency and coherence in the legal system.
• Adaptability – While providing a stable framework, the constitution also allows for necessary amendments to accommodate changing societal needs and values, ensuring its relevance over time.

Sources of the Constitution of India

• Government of India Act of 1935 – Federal Scheme, Office of Governor, Judiciary, Public Service Commissions, Emergency Provisions, and Administrative Details.
• British Constitution – Parliamentary System of Government, Rule of Law, Legislative Procedure, Single Citizenship, Cabinet System, Prerogative Writs, Parliamentary Privileges, and Bicameralism.
• US Constitution – Fundamental Rights, Independence of the Judiciary, Judicial Review, Impeachment of the President, Removal of Supreme Court and High Court Judges, and the Post of the Vice-President.
• Irish Constitution – Directive Principles of State Policy, the Nomination of Members to Rajya Sabha, and Method of Election of the President.
• Canadian Constitution – Federation with a strong Centre, vesting of residuary powers in the Centre, appointment of state governors by the Centre, and advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
• Australian Constitution – Concurrent List, Freedom of Trade, Commerce & Intercourse, and a Joint Sitting of the two Houses of Parliament.
• Weimar Constitution of Germany – Suspension of Fundamental Rights during Emergency.
• Soviet Constitution (USSR, now Russia) – Fundamental duties and the ideal of Justice (Social, Economic, and Political) in the Preamble.
• French Constitution – Republic and the ideals of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity in the Preamble.
• South African Constitution – Procedure for amendment of the Constitution and election of members of Rajya Sabha.
• Japanese Constitution – Procedure established by law.

Various Schedules of the Indian Constitution

Parts of the constitution.

Note – Part-VII (The States in Part B of the First Schedule), has been deleted by the 7th Constitutional Amendment of 1956.

In conclusion, the Indian Constitution stands as a testament to the nation’s democratic ideals and aspirations. Its meticulous crafting, rooted in historical struggles and visionary principles, continues to guide India’s journey towards a more just, inclusive, and prosperous society. The Indian Constitution stands as a testament to upholding its values, fostering unity amidst diversity, and safeguarding the rights and liberties of every citizen, thus ensuring a brighter future for generations to come.

Related Concepts

• Constitutionalism – Constitutionalism is a system where the Constitution is supreme and the institution’s structure and processes are governed by constitutional principles. It provides the template or framework within which the state has to carry out its operations. It also puts limitations on the government.
• Classification of the Constitution – Constitutions across the world have been classified into the following categories and sub-categories:

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

When was the constitution of india adopted.

The Constitution of India was adopted on 26th November 1949 .

Why the Constitution of India is called a bag of Borrowing?

The Constitution of India is called a “bag of borrowing” due to its extensive adaptation of principles and provisions from various global sources. It amalgamates elements from multiple constitutions, including the British, American, Irish, Canadian, and others, reflecting India’s diverse legal heritage and democratic ideals.

Who is known as the ‘Father of Indian Constitution’?

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is regarded as the “Father of the Indian Constitution” for his pivotal role as the chairman of the Drafting Committee and his significant contributions in shaping the provisions of the Indian Constitution.

When do we Celebrate the Constitution Day?

Constitution Day also famously known as ‘Samvidhan Divas’ , is celebrated in our country on 26th November every year to commemorate the adoption of the Constitution of India.

What is the Philosophy of the Constitution of India?

The philosophy of the Constitution of India revolves around several key principles such as Sovereignty, Equality, Justice, Liberty, Fraternity, Dignity, Secularism, Federalism, Democratic Principles, etc.

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Indian Constitution: Historical underpinnings, Evolution, Features, Amendments, Significant provisions and Basic structure

Last updated on March 8, 2024 by ClearIAS Team

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions, and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens.

The Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950. It replaced the Government of India Act 1935 as the country’s fundamental governing document, and the Dominion of India became the Republic of India.

The Constitution of India is the longest-written constitution of any sovereign country in the world. It embodies the country’s rules and regulations and defines the fundamental rights of its citizens.

It is a living document that has been amended and refined several times since it was first adopted in 1950. The Constitution of India is a unique document that reflects the aspirations, values, and diverse culture of the Indian people.

It is a source of inspiration and guidance for all citizens and has played a pivotal role in shaping the course of India’s development as a modern, democratic, and pluralistic nation.

Table of Contents

Indian Constitution: Historical Underpinning

The Constitution of India has its roots in the country’s colonial past and the struggle for independence from British rule. The process of framing the Constitution began in the 1930s, with the formation of the Indian National Congress and the demand for self-governance.

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During the freedom movement, various constitutional frameworks were proposed, including the Nehru Report of 1928, the Karachi Resolution of 1931, and the Bombay Plan of 1944. These proposals formed the basis for the Constituent Assembly, which was elected in 1946 to draft a new Constitution for the newly independent nation.

The Constituent Assembly was composed of elected representatives from all the provinces of British India, as well as representatives from the princely states. It was chaired by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, who played a key role in the drafting of the Constitution.

The Constituent Assembly held its first meeting on 9 December 1946, and over the next three years, it debated and discussed the various provisions of the Constitution. The Constitution was finally adopted on 26 November 1949, and it came into effect on 26 January 1950, marking the birth of the Republic of India.

The Constitution of India reflects the country’s diverse culture and the values of its founding fathers, who were inspired by the ideals of democracy, justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. It is a living document that has evolved through a series of amendments, and it continues to guide and shape the development of the nation.

Also read: The historical underpinning of the Indian constitution

Evolution of the Constitution

The Constitution of India has undergone several amendments since it was first adopted in 1950. The process of amending the Constitution is set out in Article 368, which requires a special majority in both houses of Parliament, as well as the ratification of at least half of the states in the country.

The Constitution has been amended more than 100 times since its adoption. The amendments have been made to reflect the changing needs and aspirations of the country, as well as to incorporate new laws and policies.

Some of the significant amendments to the Constitution include:

• The First Amendment Act of 1951 , amended the freedom of speech and expression and added the Ninth Schedule to protect certain laws from judicial review.
• The Seventh Amendment Act of 1956 , reorganized the states of India on linguistic lines.
• The Ninth Amendment Act of 1960 , recognized the right to property as a fundamental right.
• The Twenty-Fourth Amendment Act of 1971 , abolished the privy purse and abolished the privy council as a court of appeal for the princely states.
• The Thirty-Ninth Amendment Act of 1975 , recognized Sikkim as a state of India.
• The Forty-Second Amendment Act of 1976 , amended several provisions of the Constitution, including the Preamble, and added the words “secular” and “socialist” to it.
• The Seventy-Third Amendment Act of 1992 , recognized the rights of the scheduled castes and tribes to participate in local self-governance.
• The Ninety-Fourth Amendment Act of 2006 , provided reservations for the scheduled castes and tribes in the promotion to higher posts in the civil services.

The Constitution of India has played a vital role in shaping the country’s political and social landscape, and it continues to evolve to meet the changing needs of the nation.

Indian Constitution: Features

The Constitution of India has several features that set it apart from the constitutions of other countries. Some of the key features of the Indian Constitution are:

• Written and comprehensive : The Constitution of India is a written document that sets out the framework for the country’s political system and the rights and duties of its citizens. It is the longest-written constitution of any sovereign country in the world, with 444 articles in 22 parts and 12 schedules.
• Federal system : The Constitution of India establishes a federal system of government, in which power is divided between the central government and the states. The central government has exclusive powers in certain areas, such as foreign affairs and defense, while the states have powers in matters such as education and law and order.
• Parliamentary democracy : The Constitution of India establishes a parliamentary form of government, in which the executive is responsible to the legislature. The President of India is the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government.
• Fundamental rights : The Constitution of India guarantees a set of fundamental rights to all citizens, which include the right to equality, freedom of speech and expression, and the protection of life and personal liberty. These rights are enforceable by the courts, and any law that violates these rights can be struck down by the courts.
• Directive principles : The Constitution of India also lays down a set of directive principles of state policy, which are non-enforceable guidelines for the government to follow in the formulation of its policies. These principles include the promotion of international peace and security, the protection of the environment, and the promotion of the welfare of the people.
• Independent judiciary : The Constitution of India establishes an independent judiciary, which is responsible for interpreting the laws of the country and upholding the rights of citizens. The Supreme Court is the highest in the country, and it has the power of judicial review, which allows it to declare a law or government action unconstitutional.
• Amendment process : The Constitution of India provides a detailed process for amending its provisions. An amendment requires a special majority in both houses of Parliament, as well as the ratification of at least half of the states in the country. This ensures that any changes to the Constitution are made with the consensus of the majority of the people.

Indian Constitution: Amendments

The process of amending the Constitution of India is set out in Article 368 of the Constitution. According to this article, an amendment to the Constitution can be initiated by the introduction of a bill in either house of Parliament.

The bill must be passed by a special majority in both houses of Parliament, which means that it must be supported by at least two-thirds of the members present and voting in each house.

Once the bill is passed by Parliament, it must be ratified by at least half of the states in the country. The ratification must be done by the state legislatures, and it must be obtained within six months from the date of the passing of the bill.

If the bill is ratified by at least half of the states, it becomes an act and is added to the Constitution as an amendment. If the bill is not ratified by the required number of states, it lapses and cannot be reintroduced in Parliament.

The process of amending the Constitution of India is designed to ensure that any changes to the Constitution are made with the consensus of the majority of the people. The special majority requirement in Parliament and the ratification by the states ensure that the amendment has the support of a wide cross-section of the country.

Also read: Amendments of Indian Constitution

Significant Provisions of the Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution is a comprehensive document that outlines the rights and duties of citizens, as well as the structure and functions of the government. Some of the significant provisions of the Indian Constitution include:

• Fundamental Rights : These are the basic rights that are guaranteed to every citizen of India, including the right to equality, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of religion, and the right to life and personal liberty.
• Directive Principles of State Policy : These are guidelines for the government to follow in the formulation and implementation of policies, to promote the welfare of the people.
• Federal Structure : The Indian Constitution establishes a federal system of government, with powers divided between the central government and the state governments.
• Independence of the Judiciary : The Indian Constitution provides for the independence of the judiciary, with the Supreme Court at the apex and a hierarchy of courts below it.
• Emergency Provisions : The Indian Constitution contains provisions that allow the government to take measures to protect the country’s security and integrity in times of emergency.
• Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes : The Indian Constitution provides for affirmative action to protect the rights and promote the welfare of historically disadvantaged groups such as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

Basic Structure of the Indian Constitution

The basic structure doctrine is a judicial principle in the Constitution of India which holds that the Constitution has certain basic features that cannot be amended by the Parliament. This doctrine was propounded by the Supreme Court of India in the landmark case of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala in 1973.

The basic structure doctrine has not been explicitly mentioned in the Constitution of India. Rather, it has been inferred by the Supreme Court from the provisions of the Constitution and the principles underlying it. According to this doctrine, the following are the basic features of the Constitution that cannot be amended:

• Supremacy of the Constitution
• Republican and democratic form of government
• Secular Character of the Constitution
• Separation of powers between the legislature, executive, and judiciary
• Federal character of the Constitution
• Free and fair elections
• Independence of the judiciary
• Judicial review
• The principle of equality before the law and prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, gender, or place of birth.

The basic structure doctrine has been instrumental in protecting the fundamental rights of citizens and preserving the basic tenets of the Constitution. It has also served as a check on the powers of the Parliament to amend the Constitution, ensuring that any amendments are consistent with the basic principles and values of the Constitution.

Also read: Basic Structure of Indian Constitution

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land and the foundation of the Indian democratic system. It outlines the powers and functions of the various organs of the government and guarantees the fundamental rights of citizens. The Constitution also contains provisions for the protection of the country’s cultural and linguistic diversity and the promotion of social justice.

The basic structure doctrine is a key principle of the Constitution which holds that certain fundamental features of the Constitution, such as the supremacy of the Constitution, the republican and democratic form of government, and the secular character of the state, cannot be amended by the Parliament.

This doctrine has played a crucial role in protecting the fundamental rights of citizens and preserving the basic tenets of the Constitution.

Overall, the Constitution of India serves as a model for other countries around the world and has played a vital role in the country’s development and progress over the past seven decades. It is a living document that continues to evolve and adapt to the changing needs and aspirations of the people of India.

Article written by: Vivek Rajasekharan

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October 28, 2023 at 10:35 pm

Amendments written above are incorrect. Privy purse abolition is 26th CAA and not 24th , many other mistakes are there in the page.

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Constitution of India Essay

The constitution of India became effective on 26 th  January 1950; though it was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 th November 1949. It was written by a drafting committee headed by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. It is the longest written constitution that defines the power, procedures and responsibilities of the government institutions of India and gives detailed account of the fundamental rights and duties of the citizens of our country.

The original Indian Constitution is hand written, calligraphed and also the lengthiest Constitution in the world. The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India drafted by the Constituent Assembly, superior even to the Parliament, as it cannot over rides it. With the Constitution coming into effect, India’s status from “Dominion of India” was changed to the “Republic of India”.

Long and Short Essay on Constitution of India in English

Here are long and short essay on Constitution of India to help you with the topic in your exam.

After going through the Constitution of India essay you will know about the features of Constitution, who was in the drafting committee of the constitution, which other constitutions is the Indian constitution inspired from, how long does it took to draft the Constitution, and other facts of the Constitution of India.

You can use these essays in your school’s essay writing competition, debate competition or other similar events.

Short Essay on Constitution of India (200 words)

The Constitution of India was drafted under the chairmanship of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar who is known as the Father of the Indian Constitution. It took almost three years to draft the Constitution. Various socio-political and economic aspects of the society were taken into consideration while drafting the Constitution. The drafting committee also referred to the Constitutions of various other counties including Britain, France and Japan to seek valuable inputs.

The Constitution of India includes the Fundamental Rights and Duties of the citizens, the Directive Principles of State Policy and the Federal Structure of the Government of India. Every policy, right and duty has been explained at length in the Indian Constitution thereby making it the longest written Constitution in the world.

More than 2000 amendments had to be made in the Constitution of India in order to get it approved. It was adopted on 26th November 1949 and was enforced completely on 26 th January 1950. This was the day when our country began to be known as the Republic of India. 26 th January is since then celebrated as the Republic Day. The Indian National Flag is hoisted at various places across the country and the National Anthem is sung to rejoice the day. National Constitution Day, a special day dedicated particularly to the Indian Constitution, came into being in 2015.

Essay on Importance of Constitution of India (300 words)

Introduction

The Constitution of India is known to be the supreme document that gives a detailed account of what the citizens of India can and cannot do. It has set a standard that needs to be followed to ensure law and order in the society and also to help it develop and prosper.

Constitution Defines the Fundamental Rights and Duties of Indian Citizens

The fundamental rights and duties of the Indian citizens have clearly been defined in the Constitution of the country. The Fundamental Rights of the Indian citizens include the Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right to Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights, Right against Exploitation, Right to Constitutional Remedies. These are the basic rights that all the citizens of the country are entitled to irrespective of their caste, colour, creed or religion.

Some of the fundamental duties of an Indian citizen are to respect the constitution, honour the national flag and national anthem, protect the unity, preserve the heritage of the country, protect the integrity and sovereignty of India, promote the spirit of brotherhood, have compassion for living creatures, strive for excellence, protect public property and contribute his/ her bit in maintaining peace. These are also mentioned at length in the Indian Constitution.

Constitution Defines the Structure and Working of the Government

The structure and working of the government is also stated at length in the Constitution of India. The Constitution mentions that India has a parliamentary system of government. This system is present at the centre as well as in the states. The Prime Minister and the Union Council of Ministers have the power to take all the major decisions. The President of India, on the other hand, has nominal powers.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar along with his team of six members who were a part of the drafting committee came up with the Constitution of India. The Constitution was approved after several amendments. Many amendments have also been done after the enforcement of the Constitution.

Essay on Formation of Constitution of India (400 words)

The Constitution of India came into form on 26 th November 1949. A special committee was formed to draft the Constitution that gives a detailed account of the practices that are deemed lawful and those deemed unlawful and are punishable. The Constitution was enforced on 26 th January 1950. With the enforcement of the Constitution, our country came to be known as the Republic of India.

Special Drafting Committee for the Constitution of India

The task of drafting the Constitution of India was that of great responsibility. The Constituent Assembly set up a special drafting committee to further this work. There were seven members in the drafting committee. These included prominent Indian leaders namely, B.R. Ambedkar, B.L. Mitter, K.M. Munshi, N. Gopalaswami Ayengar, Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar, DP and Mohammad Saadullah. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar headed the drafting committee. Ambedkar is referred to as the Father of the Indian Constitution. This is because it was under his guidance and supervision that this big draft came into form.

Indian Constitution – Inspired by Constitutions of Other Countries

The constitution of India drew inspiration from the constitutions of various other countries. Many of the concepts and acts included in our constitution are borrowed from the constitutions of countries such as France, Germany, Japan, Australia, USA, Britain, Ireland, Russia and South Africa.

The drafting committee of the Indian Constitution also referred to the Government of India Act 1858, the Government of India Act 1919 and 1935 and the Indian Independence Act 1947 to get an idea about the acts and features to be included in the Constitution. These previous acts helped the committee understand the condition and requirement of the citizens of the country. Our Constitution is thus often referred to as the bag of borrowings. It consisted of as many as 395 articles, 22 parts and 8 schedules at the time of its enactment. It was handwritten and calligraphed.

After putting in immense efforts when the drafting committee presented the final draft of the Constitution of India, it was suggested to make several amendments. The committee sat together to make more than 2000 amendments to get the Constitution approved. The members conducted several discussions to make appropriate amendments for getting the approval. 284 members of the Constituent Assembly of India signed the Constitution to give their approval on the same. This was done two days before the enforcement of the constitution.

The Constitution of India is a massive piece of writing that includes a detailed account of the dos and don’ts for the Indian system. It has undergone around 100 amendments since it came into form.

Essay on Constitution of India (500 words)

Constitution of India – The Supreme Power of Country

The Constitution of India is rightly said to be the supreme power of the country. The laws, codes, rights and duties mentioned in the Indian Constitution need to be followed strictly by the citizens of the country. The decisions made in the parliament and Supreme Court of India are all based on the laws and codes defined in the Constitution of India. Parliament of India does not have the power to override the constitution.

Dr. B. R Ambedkar – The Chief Architect of Indian Constitution

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar headed the drafting committee formed to write the Constitution of India. He was the chairman of this committee. He contributed immensely in the formation of the Constitution by giving several valuable inputs and thus came to be known as the chief architect of the Constitution of India. There were six other members in the drafting committee which was formed by the Constituent Assembly of India. These members worked under the guidance of Dr. Ambedkar.

Constitution of India Replaced Government of India Act

The Government of India Act, 1935 acted as the fundamental governing document of India until the formation of the Constitution of India. The Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution of India in November 1949. Many of the articles of the Constitution came into force at that time. The Constitution was effectively enforced on 26 th January 1950 which came to be known as the Indian Republic Day. The remaining articles became effective on this date. Our country which was until then called the Dominion of the British Crown thereafter came to be known as the Sovereign Democratic Republic of India.

Special Days to Celebrate the Constitution of India

Republic Day

The formation and enforcement of Indian Constitution is celebrated at a grand scale on the Republic Day each year. Republic Day is a national holiday in the country. A massive event is organized at India Gate, New Delhi on Republic Day to honour the Constitution of the country. The constitutional head of India, i.e., its president hoists national flag at Rajpath. The Prime Minister and President of India and several Chief Ministers of different states of the country are present at the event. Parades by school kids and armed forces are held on Rajpath. School children also perform dances and other cultural acts. Parade of beautiful tableau displaying the culture of various Indian states is also held during the event.

Several small events are organized at different offices and schools throughout the country to commemorate the Indian Constitution. Painting, essay and music competitions are held in schools and colleges. Patriotic songs are sung and speeches about the Constitution of India are delivered.

National Constitution Day

In the year 2015, Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, gave the suggestion to dedicate an exclusive day to our constitution. Since the Indian Constitution was adopted on 26 th November 1949, this date was chosen to honour the constitution. 26 th November is being celebrated as the National Constitution Day since 2015.

Many small and big events are organized in schools, colleges and government institutions across India on this day. The importance of the Indian Constitution is emphasized during these events. Patriotic songs are sung and cultural activities are organized to celebrate the day.

The Constitution of India has been prepared with precision considering the interest of the common man as well as the overall interest of the country. It is a gift for the citizens of our country.

Long Essay on Constitution of India (600 words)

Enforced on 26 th January 1950, the Constitution of India was prepared by a committee consisting of seven members headed by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. It guides the citizens of India, the country’s government bodies and other authorities to act in the right manner. It has played a significant role in maintaining peace and prosperity in the country.

Salient Features of the Constitution of India

Here are the top salient features of the constitution of India:

Longest Written Constitution

The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution in the world. It took almost three years to write this detailed constitution. It has a preamble, 448 articles, 25 groups, 12 schedules and 5 appendices. It is much lengthier than the US Constitution that includes only 7 Articles.

Amalgamation of Rigidity and Flexibility

The Constitution of India is a mix of rigidity and flexibility. While it is the supreme power that needs to be followed diligently to maintain law and order in the country, the citizens can appeal to amend the provisions they deem outdated or stern. While certain provisions can be amended with some difficulty others are easy to amend. As many as 103 amendments have been done in the Constitution of our country since its enforcement.

The Preamble

The well drafted Preamble of the Indian Constitution gives a detailed account of the philosophy of the constitution. It states that India is a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic. It is a welfare state which puts its people first. It believes in equality, freedom and justice for its people. While democratic socialism was followed right from the beginning, the term Socialism was added only in 1976.

India – A Secular State

The Constitution has declared India a secular state. India does not give special status to any religion. It provides its citizens complete freedom to choose their religion. It condemns religious groups instigating people in the name of religion.

India – A Republic

The Constitution declares India to be a Republic. The country is not ruled by a nominated head or monarch. It has an elected head called the President. The President, elected indirectly by the people of the country, comes to power for a period of 5 years.

India – A Mix of Federalism and Unitarianism

The Constitution describes India as a federal structure with many unitary features. It is referred to as a Quasi-Federation or a Unitarian Federation. Just like a federation, India has divided power among the centre and states. It has a dual administration system. It has a written, supreme constitution that needs to be followed religiously. It includes an independent judiciary embedded with the power to decide centre-state disputes. At the same time it has unitary features such as a strong common constitution, common election commission and emergency provisions to name a few.

Fundamental Duties of Citizens

The Constitution of India clearly states the fundamental duties of its citizens. Some of these are to upload and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India, respect the national flag and the national anthem, preserve the rich heritage of the country, protect the natural environment, safeguard public property and treat everyone equally.

Directive Principles of the State Policy

The Directive Principles of the State Policy are also mentioned in the Constitution of India. These principles are basically the guidelines provided to the state to further socio-economic development aims via its policies.

The Constitution of India serves as a guiding light for its citizens. Everything is well-defined in the Indian Constitution. It has helped India attain the status of a Republic. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and the members of the drafting committee of the Indian constitution have indeed done a commendable job for which they will always be remembered.

Related Information:

Speech on Constitution of India

Speech on National Constitution Day

Constitution Day

Essay on National Constitution Day

Essay on Article 370 of Indian Constitution

Speech on Article 370 of Constitution of India

Essay on Article 35A of Indian Constitution

Slogans on Constitution

Essay on Section 377 of Indian Penal Code

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