neco 2022 agriculture obj and essay

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NECO Agric Questions and Answers 2023/2024 (Essay and Objectives)

NECO Agric Questions and Answers 2023. I will be showing you the NECO Agricultural Science objective and theory questions for free. You will also understand how NECO Agric questions are set and many more examination details.

The National Examination Council is an examination body that set questions annually from areas students should, after their studies in senior secondary school, be able to write and pass without stress.

NECO Agric Science answers and questions Objectives and Essay will be provided here and the authenticity of this NECO 2023 Agric solutions to questions has been tested and confirmed to be sure.

See: NECO Timetable

Table of Contents

NECO Agric Essay And Objective Questions and Answers 2023 (EXPO)

The NECO Agric Science answers will be posted here today 19th July during the NECO Agriculture exam.

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Today’s NECO Agricultural Science OBJ: The Answers will soon be posted. Wait patiently.

1-10: BCDACDABBE 11-20: AABCCBBACD 21-30: CAEECCCAAD 31-40: AEEACBAAAD 41-50: EDEECCAEEE 51-60: BDCACDCCAA

NECO Agric Essay Answers Loading…

(1a) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Land use legislation helps ensure that land resources are managed sustainably, preventing over exploitation and degradation of natural resources. (ii) It allows the government to plan and regulate the growth of urban areas, ensuring orderly development and preventing haphazard expansion. (iii) Land use regulations can protect ecologically sensitive areas, such as forests, wetlands, and wildlife habitats, safeguarding biodiversity and promoting environmental conservation. (iv) The government can allocate specific areas for infrastructure development, such as roads, schools, hospitals, and industrial zones, ensuring efficient land utilization. (v) Land use legislation helps resolve disputes over land ownership and usage, reducing conflicts between individuals, communities, and industries. (vi) By promoting appropriate land use, the government can foster economic activities, encourage investment, and support sustainable agricultural and industrial development.

(1b) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) NGOs provide training and workshops to beekeepers, farmers, and local communities, imparting knowledge on modern beekeeping practices, hive management, and sustainable honey production. (ii) NGOs may supply beekeepers with necessary equipment, such as beehives, protective gear, smokers, and honey extraction tools, to enhance productivity and safety. (iii) They conduct research on bee species, behavior, and honey production techniques, introducing innovative methods to increase honey yields and improve bee health. (iv) They raise awareness about the importance of bees and pollinators in agriculture and ecosystem health, advocating for policies that support bee-friendly practices and environmental protection. (v) They help beekeepers access markets for their honey and other bee-related products, connecting them with buyers and promoting fair trade practices. (vi) They work towards preserving natural habitats and diverse plant species, which are crucial for bees’ foraging and pollination activities, contributing to the overall health of the bee population.

(1c) (i) Tree pullers uproot trees with minimal disturbance to the surrounding soil, preserving the topsoil structure and preventing erosion. (ii) Tree pullers allow selective clearing of unwanted trees while leaving desired vegetation intact, maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem balance. (iii) Compared to bulldozers, tree pullers can be more cost-effective, especially in areas with valuable timber, as they uproot trees without damaging the valuable parts. (iv) Tree pullers are considered more environmentally friendly because they reduce habitat destruction and can spare young trees, which are vital for forest regeneration. (v) Tree pullers typically require less fuel than bulldozers, resulting in reduced greenhouse gas emissions and lower operational costs. (vi) Due to the minimal soil disturbance, the land may recover more quickly after using a tree puller, allowing for faster reforestation or preparation for agricultural use.

(1d) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Accessibility (ii) Water Supply (iii) Topography and Drainage (iv) Sunlight Exposure (v) Wind Direction and Shelter (vi) Proximity to Production Areas =================================================

(2a) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) The use of science and technology in agriculture has led to the development of high-yielding and disease-resistant crop varieties that have significantly increased agricultural productivity.

(ii) Adoption of modern farm machinery and equipment has enhanced efficiency in farm operations, reducing the labor-intensive nature of agriculture and increasing productivity.

(iii) Science and technology have facilitated the implementation of efficient irrigation systems, enabling farmers to grow crops in regions with limited rainfall and ensuring a steady supply of water for agriculture.

(iv) Technological advancements in pest and disease control have allowed for better monitoring, early detection, and targeted treatment, reducing crop losses and ensuring higher yields.

(v) Science-based soil testing and fertilizer recommendations have improved soil fertility and nutrient management, leading to increased crop yields.

(vi) Technology has provided farmers with easier access to agricultural information, weather forecasts, market prices, and best practices, enabling them to make more informed decisions and optimize their farming practices.

(2b) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Limited Grazing Land: The availability of limited grazing land in Southern Nigeria restricts the capacity to raise large herds of cattle.

(ii) Land Use Conflicts: Competition for land resources and land use conflicts between farmers and herders often result in tensions and restrict cattle movement.

(iii) Climate and Environmental Factors: Southern Nigeria’s tropical climate may not be suitable for some cattle breeds, leading to lower productivity.

(iv) Disease Outbreaks: Cattle in Southern Nigeria are vulnerable to various diseases, and inadequate veterinary services may lead to significant losses.

(v) Inadequate Infrastructure: Insufficient infrastructure, such as proper roads and transportation facilities, hinders the efficient movement and marketing of cattle.

(vi) Herdsmen-Farmer Clashes: Frequent clashes between herdsmen and farmers over resources and grazing land have adversely affected cattle production in some regions.

(2c) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Planning ensures the efficient allocation of resources such as land, labor, and capital, maximizing productivity and profitability. (ii) Planning helps identify environmentally sensitive areas on the land, enabling the implementation of sustainable farming practices. (iii) Through planning, the most suitable crops or livestock can be selected based on the soil type, climate, and market demand in the area. (iv) Planning enables the design and implementation of appropriate irrigation systems, ensuring sufficient water supply for crops. (v) By planning, farmers can implement preventive measures for pest and disease control, minimizing crop losses. (vi) Planning allows farmers to anticipate potential risks and develop contingency plans to mitigate adverse effects from factors such as weather events, market fluctuations, or input shortages.

(2d) (PIC ANY FOUR) (i) Water Pumping with Windmills (ii) Electricity Generation (iii) Ventilation in Livestock Barns (iv) Wind-Assisted Seed Dispersal (v) Drying of Agricultural Products ======================================================

(Answer Only ONE Question From This Section) (3a) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Different crops take different nutrients from the soil. (ii) Different crops take nutrients from different layers of the soil. (iii) crops having the same diseases should not follow each other. (iv) Crops having the same pest should not follow each other. (v) Shallow-rooted crops follow deep-rooted crops. (vi) A legume must always be included in the rotation.

(3bi) Commensalism and Symbiosis: In commensalism, one species benefits from the association, while the other is neither harmed nor benefited. In Symbiosis, the both species benefit from the relationship.

(3bii) Predation and Parasitism: In predation, the predator is very active and uses intense physical effort to catch prey WHILE in Parasitism, the parasite is generraly passive in its progression

(3c) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Rocks help to break up compacted soil, improving its structure and enhancing water and air penetration. (ii) Some rocks, like volcanic rocks, gradually release essential minerals and nutrients into the soil as they weather, enriching the soil profile. (iii) Large rocks or stone walls can be strategically placed to prevent soil erosion in sloping areas. (iv) Rocks act as mulch, reducing water evaporation from the soil and helping to retain moisture during dry periods. (v) Rocks can create small microclimates by absorbing and radiating heat, benefiting certain plants or wildlife. (vi) Rocks provide shelter and habitat for beneficial insects and microorganisms that contribute to soil health and pest control.

(3d) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Irrigation ensures a consistent and adequate water supply, leading to improved crop growth and higher yields. (ii) Irrigation allows farmers to control the timing and amount of water delivered to crops, optimizing growth and reducing water wastage. (iii) During dry spells or droughts, irrigation helps maintain crop growth and prevents significant losses. (iv) With irrigation, farmers can grow a wider range of crops and extend the growing season beyond rain-fed limitations. (v) Irrigation makes previously unsuitable or arid land productive, expanding the agricultural land available for cultivation. (vi) Irrigation can lead to a stable and predictable income for farmers since it reduces the dependence on rainfall and associated crop failures. ==================================================

(4ai) Soil pollution is the contamination of soil with harmful substances, chemicals, or pollutants, which adversely affect its quality and fertility, making it unsuitable for plant growth and posing risks to human health and the environment.

(4aii) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Conversion of sewage to useful fertilizer (ii) Conversion of chemical waste into harmless biodegradable substances (iii) Wastewater Treatment (iv) Implementing and enforcing strict environmental regulations (v) Controlling the use of agrochemicals

(4b) (i) Collection and Preparation of Soil Sample (ii) Determination of Soil Moisture Content: (iii) Soil Particle Size Analysis (iv) Soil Chemical Analysis

(4c) DRAW THE TABLE: SURFACE DRAINAGE: Advantages: (i) Removes excess water from the soil, preventing waterlogging and improving aeration. (ii) Reduces the risk of root diseases caused by excessive soil moisture. (iii) Improves soil structure and promotes better root development.

Disadvantages: (i) Potential soil erosion due to increased water flow on the surface. (ii) Loss of nutrients and organic matter through water runoff. (iii) Can alter natural hydrological patterns and affect aquatic ecosystems downstream. ================================================

(Answer Only ONE Question From This Section)

(5ai) The area of the farmland is 1,960cm²

(5aii) 1 mound = 2m² But 1m = 100cm

2m = 200cm 2m² = 40,000cm

Number of mounds = 40,000/1,960

= 20 mounds

(5aiii) Total number of setts needed:

Seed rate is 5,000 setts/ha, which means 5,000 setts are needed for one hectare of land (1 hectare = 10,000 m²).

To calculate the total number of setts needed for the mounds: Total setts needed = Number of mounds x Seed rate per mound.

Total setts needed = 20 mounds x 5,000 setts/mound = 755,000 setts.

(5aiv) (i) Intercropping (ii) Crop Rotation (iii) Mixed Cropping

(5b) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Trees contribute organic matter to the soil through leaf litter, enhancing soil fertility and structure. (ii) Trees provide shade to crops, protecting them from excessive heat and sunburn. (iii) Trees act as windbreaks, reducing wind erosion and protecting soil from being carried away by strong winds. (iv) Trees create a habitat for various wildlife and beneficial organisms, enhancing biodiversity on the farm. (v) Trees help in nutrient cycling by absorbing and releasing nutrients through their roots and leaves, benefiting neighboring crops.

(5c) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Calapogonium (ii) Centrasema (iii) Pureria (iv) Witchgrass (v) Hairy Bittercress ====================================================

(6a) (i) Mulching: Mulching is done in yam production to retain soil moisture, control weed growth, and regulate soil temperature, which ultimately promotes better root development and higher yields.

(ii) Staking: Staking yam plants is done to provide support for the climbing vines, preventing them from trailing on the ground, reducing the risk of damage, and making it easier to manage the crop.

(iii) Training of Vine: Training yam vines involves guiding and directing their growth to climb along support structures like stakes or trellises. This practice improves sunlight exposure, enhances aeration, and ensures efficient space utilization in the field, resulting in healthier and more productive yam plants.

(6b) (i) Elephant grass – Pennisetum purpureum (ii) Carpet grass – Axonopus affinis (iii) Stylo – Stylosanthes spp. (iv) Puero – Pueraria phaseoloides

(6c) (i) Soil Improvement: Some weeds have deep roots that help break up compacted soil, improve soil structure, and enhance nutrient absorption. (ii) Organic Matter Source: When managed properly, certain weeds can serve as green manure or compost material, adding organic matter to the soil. (iii) Fodder for Animal: Some of the Weeds have good palatable taste.which make the a good fodder for farm animals (iv) Erosion Control: In certain cases, weeds can act as ground cover, reducing soil erosion caused by wind and water runoff.

(6di) Area of the farmland:

Area (A) = Length (L) x Width (W). Given that the length (L) = 30 m and width (W) = 60 m. Area (A) = 30 m x 60 m = 1800m².

(6dii) Plant population in the farmland:

Spacing of the vegetable is 30 cm by 30 cm. To calculate the plant population, divide the total area by the area occupied by each plant (spacing).

Area occupied by each plant = 0.3 m x 0.3 m = 0.09 m².

Plant population = Total area of farmland / Area occupied by each plant.

Plant population = 1800 m² / 0.09 m² = 20,000 plants.

The plant population in the farmland is 20,000 plants. ====================================================

(Answer Only ONE Question From This Section) (7a) (PCK ANY FOUR) (i) Health and Vitality: Choose rabbits that are healthy, active, and free from genetic disorders or diseases. (ii) Reproductive Performance: Select rabbits with a history of good reproductive performance, including high fertility and litter size. (iii) Conformation and Size: Consider the conformation (body shape) and size of the rabbits, aiming for well-balanced and appropriate-sized individuals for the breed standard. (iv) Temperament: Opt for rabbits with a calm and gentle temperament, as this can make handling and management easier. (v) Genetic Background: Assess the genetic background and pedigree of the rabbits to ensure they have desirable traits and do not carry undesirable genetic defects. (vi) Prolificacy: Rabbits selected should be highly prolific ie rabbits with the ability to give birth to many offsprings at a time

(7b) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Temperature Control (ii) Humidity Control (iii) Egg Turning (iv) Adequate Ventilation (v) Candling (vi) Egg Positioning

(7c) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Environmental Temperature: Hot weather or high temperatures increase water loss through sweating and panting, leading to higher water intake. (ii) Feed Type and Composition: The moisture content and composition of the feed influence the animal’s water needs. (iii) Physiological State: Pregnant, lactating, and growing animals generally have higher water requirements. (iv) Activity Level: Animals with higher activity levels, such as working or exercising animals, may require more water to stay hydrated. (v) Diet Composition: Diets high in salt or certain nutrients may increase water intake to maintain electrolyte balance. (vi) Water Quality: Poor water quality or contaminated water sources may discourage animals from drinking, reducing water intake.

(7d) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Amylase (ii) Protease (iii) Lipase (iv) Sucrase (v) Maltase (vi) Lactase ===================================================

(8a) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Transport of Oxygen: Blood carries oxygen from the lungs or respiratory surfaces to all body tissues, ensuring cellular respiration and energy production. (ii) Transport of Nutrients: Blood delivers nutrients (glucose, amino acids, fatty acids) absorbed from the digestive system to various tissues and organs for growth and maintenance. (iii) Removal of Waste Products: Blood carries metabolic waste products (carbon dioxide, urea) to the excretory organs (lungs and kidneys) for elimination from the body. (iv) Immune Response: Blood contains white blood cells and antibodies that defend the body against infections and diseases. (v) Regulation of Body Temperature: Blood helps regulate body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat throughout the body. (vi) Blood Clotting: Blood contains platelets and clotting factors that help prevent excessive bleeding and promote wound healing when injuries occur.

(8bi) Hides: (i) Hides are used to produce leather, a valuable material widely used in the manufacturing of various products, including shoes, bags, belts, and furniture. (ii) Collagen extracted from hides is used in the production of gelatin, which finds applications in the food industry for making gummy candies, desserts, and capsules.

(8bii) Eggs: (i) Eggs are a valuable source of high-quality protein, essential amino acids, vitamins (such as vitamin B12 and vitamin D), and minerals (like selenium). (ii) Egg-based vaccines and certain medications, such as some flu vaccines and allergy treatments, are produced using egg components.

(8biii) Tail: (i) Animal tails, particularly from cattle and horses, are used to make fly whisks, which are used to swat flies and other insects. (ii) In some cultures, animal tails are used for decorative or ceremonial purposes, such as traditional clothing or rituals.

(8c) DRAW THE TABLE:

(i) Iodine: FUNCTION: (PICK ANY ONE) -It is an essential component of thyroxine which is crucial for regulating metabolism -It is vital for proper brain development, especially during pregnancy and infancy.

DEFICIENCY: -Goiter

(ii) Magnesium FUNCTION: (PICK ANY ONE) -It is involved in the activation of various enzymes essential for biochemical reactions in the body. -It is required for muscle contraction and relaxation.

DEFICIENCY: -Muscle Cramps

(iii) Calcium FUNCTION: (PICK ANY ONE) (i) It is a major component of bones and teeth, providing strength and structure. (ii) It plays a critical role in muscle contraction, including the heart muscle.

DEFICIENCY: -Hypocalcemia ===============================================

(9a) To calculate the number of days it took for the work to be done in 2017:

In 2015, six labourers completed the work in ten days. Let’s assume that the total work required to prepare the farmland is “W” units.

Work done in 2015 = W units Number of labourers in 2015 = 6 Number of days in 2015 = 10

In 2017, only four labourers were available. Let’s assume the number of days it took to complete the work in 2017 is “d” days.

Work done in 2017 = W units Number of labourers in 2017 = 4 Number of days in 2017 = t (to be determined)

Now, we know that the amount of work done in both years is the same (W units). Therefore, we can set up the following equation based on the work equation:

Work done in 2015 = Work done in 2017

6 labourers x 10 days = 4 labourers x d days

Now, solve for “d”:

6 x 10 = 4 x d

Therefore, it took 15 days for the work to be done in 2017.

If 4 people worked together for 15 days, we can calculate the total work done in terms of man-days as:

Total work done = Number of people x Number of days

Total work done = 4 people x 15 days

Total work done = 60 man-days

So, if 4 people worked together for 15 days, the total work completed would be 60 man-days.

(9aii) (i) Family Labor (ii) Hired or paid labour

(9aiii) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Labour Attendance Record (ii) Labour Wage and Payment Record (iii) Work Done Record (iv) Safety and Health Record

(9b) (i) Wholesalers (ii) Retailers (iii) producers (iv) cooperative societies

(9c) (i) Limited access to modern equipment and resources in rural areas hinder exytension workers in promoting new agricultural technologies or practices (ii) High level of illiteracy among farmers may slow down the rate of adoption of new innovations (iii) Poor infrastructure, such as bad roads and limited transportation, can hinder extension workers’ mobility and accessibility to remote rural communities. (iv) Unfavourable attitude of rural farmers toward government programmes, makes adoption of new innovations difficult. (v) Language barrier leads to improper dissemination of new innovations (vi) Inadequate resources such as finance and materials tend to hinder his performance. =====================================================

(10a) Scale of preference refers to a ranking or order of individuals’ preferences for different goods and services. It represents the way people make choices based on their desires and needs, given their limited resources or income. In essence, individuals assign relative importance to various options and make decisions to maximize their utility or satisfaction.

(10bi) To calculate the elasticity of demand, we use the formula: Elasticity of demand = Percentage change in quantity demanded / Percentage change in price

Given data: Quantity demanded in 2012 (Q1) = 59,800 grape fruits Price in 2012 (P1) = N450 per basket

Quantity demanded in 2018 (Q2) = 28,500 grape fruits Price in 2018 (P2) = N750 per basket

Now, calculate the percentage change in quantity demanded: Percentage change in quantity demanded = ((Q2 – Q1) / Q1) x 100

Percentage change in quantity demanded = ((28,500 – 59,800) / 59,800) x 100

= -31,300/59,800 x 100 = -0.52 x 100 = -52 Percentage change in quantity demanded ≈ -52%

Next, calculate the percentage change in price: Percentage change in price = ((P2 – P1) / P1) x 100 Percentage change in price = ((750 – 450) / 450) x 100

= 300/450 x 100 = 0.67 x 100 = 67 Percentage change in price = 67%

Now, calculate the elasticity of demand: Elasticity of demand ≈ (-52% / 67%) = -0.76

(10bii) The demand for grape fruits is inelastic. This is because the calculated elasticity of demand (-0.76) is less than 1.

(10biii) (i) Price of Substitutes (ii) Consumer Income (iii) Consumer Preferences and Tastes

(10biv) (i) Sales Record (ii) Inventory Record

(10c) (i) Visual Learning: Demonstrations offer a visual learning experience, making it easier for the audience to understand complex concepts and techniques through practical examples.

(ii) Active Participation: Demonstrations encourage active participation, allowing the audience to engage directly in the learning process by observing and performing tasks.

(iii) Practical Skills Development: Participants can learn and practice specific skills in real-time, enhancing their competency and confidence in applying the knowledge in their own settings.

(iv) Better Retention: Visual and hands-on learning experiences are known to improve information retention, as participants can see and experience the subject matter firsthand.

(v) Problem-Solving Opportunities: Demonstrations provide opportunities for participants to observe problem-solving techniques and responses to challenges, which they can apply in similar situations.

(vi) Addressing Language Barriers: Demonstrations can transcend language barriers, as they rely more on visual cues and actions rather than verbal communication, making them suitable for diverse audiences.

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Note: The answers below are for the 2022 NECO exam

NECO Agriculture Practice Questions and Answers

The questions below are not exactly 2023 NECO Agric science questions and answers but likely NECO Agric repeated questions and answers.

These questions are strictly for practice. The 2023 NECO Agric expo will be posted on this page on the day of the NECO Agriculture examination. Keep checking and reloading this page for the answers.

1. Oestrogen in female animals is not responsible for

A. development of secondary sexual characteristics

B. on set of heat period

C. milk let–down after parturition

D. development of udder

2. A beef cow gained 75 kg over a period of two months and two days. What is its average weight gain?

A. 0.83 kg

B. 1.21 kg

C. 1.28 kg

D. 2. 25kg

3. A disadvantage of natural incubation is that

A. the eggs cannot be candled

B. the chicks are less healthy

C. the brooding hens sometimes abandon the eggs

D. it takes a longer time for eggs to hatch

4. Ruminants fed on dried grasses are given feed supplements to

A. increase in water intake

B. provide bulk to feed

C. reduce microbial activity

D. provide deficient nutrients

5. Which of the following animal disease is not associated with malnutrition?

A. Aspergillosis

B. Acidosis

C. Milk fever

D. Rickets

6. The type of energy obtained from the sun for agricultural uses is known as

A. potential energy

B. mechanical energy

C. nuclear energy

D. solar energy

E. kinetic energy

7. Which of the following implements will be used for the next farm operation after clearing a new farmland?

A. harrow

B. ridger

C. cultivator

D. planter

E. plough

8. Which of the following cannot be used to rub the metal parts of farm tools before storage?

A. grease

B. palm oil

C. water

D. petroleum jelly

E. spent engine oil

9. The common surveying equipment for farmland include the following except

A. ranging pole

B. prismatic compass

C. measuring tape

D. gunter’s chain

E. spade

10. An example of fungal disease of stored grains is

A. rosette

B. wilt

C. soft rot

D. damping off

E. mould

11. Which of the following farm animals possess a pair of caeca?

A. pigs

B. cattle

C. sheep

D. rabbits

E. fowls

12. The head of the tapeworm is known as the

A. sucker

B. rostellum

C. scolex

D. hook

E. segment

13. Which of the following is not a function of the ruminal microorganism?

A. digestion of cellulose

B. conversion of plant proteins into microbial protein

C. production of vitamin B

D. production of gas in the rumen

E. eructation of the ruminal gas

14. Which of the following factors would you consider the least important for the successful incubation of eggs?

A. light

B. temperature

C. ventilation

D. relative humidity

E. turning of the egg

15. In which area of Nigeria is the kuri breed of cattle commonly found?

A. borno

B. sokoto

C. plateau

D. obudu

E. oyo north

16. Which of the following activities is not a marketing function?

A. Buying of agricultural commodities

B. planting of crops

C. transporting of farm produce

D. storage of farm produce

17. Risks on commercial farms could result from

A. price stability

B. crop failure

C. insurance

D. diversification

18. An agricultural extension officer should be able to

A. create new jobs for farmers

B. raise funds for farmers

C. cultivate a large farm

D. guide and educate farmers

19. An agricultural extension officer should be able to

20. An agricultural extension officer should be able to

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How To Pass NECO Agric Science Examination

The National Examination Council (NECO) is a body in charge of the Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination.

The Certificate offered here is a very important credential that awards or certifies the completion of your Secondary School Education.

It is a major document that qualifies you into any tertiary institution and is equally a major factor affecting admission today.

For this reason, every Student preparing for this examination NECO 2023 is preparing for something great.

Care should be taken when participating in this examination in other not to come out with bad grades. The following are the key answers to NECO Agric 2023.

1. Be Determined to Pass

The NECO 2023 Agricultural Science is mainly for those who have made up their mind to pass it with a good grade.

Any candidate who, at this point in time, has not made up his or her mind to make the excellent grade in the forthcoming NECO 2023 Agric Science is actually not ready to pass.

Your mind should be ready for the task ahead, do not follow lazy friends who believe in a miracle on the day of the exams, stay positive and study your books.

2. Have self-confidence

Self-confidence is another factor that affects a candidate’s performance. Promise to do it all by yourself and everything will come out very simple for you.

It is a well-known fact that many students cancel the right answers just to copy the wrong ones because of a lack of self-confidence. Study and pray hard and you are the miracle for the day.

3. Start Studying Early

Studying is very important in your life as a student. NECO is a very simple Exam to deal with as long as studies are involved. Studying is one thing and studying on time is another thing entirely.

Do not wait for the NECO 2023 Agriculture exams to be so close before you start studying for them. Late preparation will not really help you. When you start studying early there will be time for you to revise before the exams.

2. Make Use the NECO 2023 Syllabus

Using the NECO 2023 syllabus is very essential as it will guide you on major topics to cover. Studying without the Syllabus will make you focus on unnecessary topics that will not appear in the exams.

Also, most of the Agricultural Science topics you have not done in class are there in the NECO syllabus.

3. Pray to God Your Creator

Many think that they can do it all alone without God. The Almighty God is your creator, seek His assistance and He will never fail to help you. Your faith in God determines your success. God is there for you, call upon Him.

4. Adhere to exams instructions.

Any student who is not ready to adhere to the examination conducts is planning to fail. The majority of NECO Candidates that have their results held are from those that were not ready to follow the Exam instructions.

5. Use Your Time Wisely.

It is a well-known fact that NECO Agric requires a lot of time, manage the little time given to you wisely. Consider the number of questions you are to answer and the time given so that you can time wisely.

6. Be punctual to the examination venue

Punctuality matters during the exams. Go to the exam venue early so that your brain can settle for the task. Rushing to the exam hall will make you unstable for the exam and can prone you to so many mistakes.

Take time to go through the exam question paper before you start answering. NECO Agriculture Questions and Answers

If you have any questions about the 2023 NECO Agric Science questions and answers, do well to let us know in the comment box.

Last Updated on July 19, 2023 by Admin

58 thoughts on “NECO Agric Questions and Answers 2023/2024 (Essay and Objectives)”

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NECO Syllabus for Agric Science 2024/2025 PDF

These NECO Agricultural Science Syllabus is a material which you see where possible questions and answers would come from during your 2024 NECO Agric Science OBJ & Theory questions and answers. All you need to do is to follow his guide and see all the areas of concentration.

If you think it is too late for you to cover these topics, I got you covered. Simply follow this guide and see how to cover all your topics at a go.

Download NECO syllabus for Agric Science 2024/2025 for SS1,SS2 and SS3 for free . This syllabus will show you the area of concentration for this year’s NECO SSCE Agricultural science examination . In other words, it gives you all the Agric topics, recommended textbooks and authors which you need to read in preparation for the examination.

NOTE: This syllabus is for both NECO SSCE and GCE examinations . Therefore, both GCE and secondary school students can make use of it.

One thing you should note about the NECO syllabus is that all the Agricultural science questions in your examination will come out from there. So, it is real.

The National Examination Council has officially released areas of concentration which is geared towards helping agric students pass their agricultural science examination. The examination Council understands how difficult some students find agric. For this reason, it has decided to give topic from which all NECO SSCE questions and answers will come out from.

Others are searching: NECO scheme of work for Agric science, latest syllabus for agriculture, waec agric topics to read, NECO SSCE agricultural science area of concentration .

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Table of Contents

NECO Syllabus for Agric Science 2024/2025 PDF Download

1. Meaning and importance of agriculture

(a) Definition and branches of agricultural science.

(b) Importance of agriculture to the individual, community and nation.

2. Problems of agricultural development and possible solutions

(a) Problems related to:

(i) land tenure;

(ii) basic amenities;

(iii) finance;

(iv) transportation;

(v) storage and processing facilities;

(vi) agricultural education and extension;

(vii) tools and machinery;

(viii) farm inputs;

(ix) marketing system;

(x) environmental degradation.

(b) Possible solutions to identified problems

3. Meaning and differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture

(a) Meaning of subsistence and

commercial agriculture.

(b) Differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture based on their characteristics.

Assessment would include incidence of pests and diseases, vagaries of weather, labour and government policy.

(d) Problems of subsistence and commercial agriculture.

4. Roles of government in agricultural development

(a) Agricultural finance:

(i) credit;

(ii) subsidy.

(b) Agricultural education

(d) Agricultural policies and programmes

5. Role of non-governmental organizations in agricultural development

(a) Meaning of non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

(b) Roles of NGOs in agricultural development.

7. Agricultural laws and reforms

(a) Land tenure systems in West Africa.

(b) Government laws on land use in West Africa.

Assessment would cover past and present programmes e.g. OFN, ADP, Farm Settlement, Agricultural Sector Rehabilitation Project (ASRP) and National Aids Coordination Secretariat.

Examples of NGOs West African Rice Development Association (WARDA), International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA), International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) would be assessed.

Assessment would include land use Act (Decree), Land Reforms in West Africa.

1. Meaning and importance of

agricultural ecology

(a) Meaning of agricultural ecology and ecosystem.

(b) Components of farm ecosystem e.g. biotic and abiotic

2. Land and its uses

(a) Meaning of land.

(b) Characteristics of land – free gift of nature, immobile, limited in supply etc.

(i) agricultural purposes:

– crop production;

– wild life conservation/game reserve;

– livestock production etc.

(ii) non-agricultural purposes:

– industry;

– housing;

– transport etc.

3. Factors affecting land availability for agricultural purpose

(a) Physical factors:

(i) soil type;

(ii) topography;

(iii) land degradation;

(iv) soil pollution.

Interaction of farm crops/animals with other components of the ecosystem in farm settings such as mono or sole cropping system, mixed cropping system, mixed farming system, fish ponds and forest (rain or savannah) would be assessed.

Assessment would include of uses of land for aquaculture, forestry and apiculture.

Non-agricultural uses of land such as health centres, church/mosque, mining, recreational centres, schools and markets would be assessed.

(b) Economic factors:

(i) population pressure;

(ii) expansion of industries;

(iii) mining/mineral exploitation;

(iv) recreation/tourism.

(i) land tenure system;

(ii) religious purpose (church, mosque and shrine) etc.

4. Agro-allied industries and relationship between agriculture and industry

(a) Agro-based industries and raw materials:

(i) paper industry – pulp wood;

(ii) beverage industry – cocoa, tea etc;

(iii) textile industry – cotton;

(iv) soap industry – oil, seeds

etc.

(b) Relationship between agriculture and industries:

(i) Agriculture provides market for industrial products e.g. farm machinery, chemicals;

(ii) Agriculture provides food for industrial workers.

5. Environmental factors affecting crop and animal distribution and production

(a) Climatic factors e.g. rainfall, temperature, light, wind, relative humidity.

Assessment would include other agro-based industries and raw materials e.g. leather industry – hides and skin, canning industry – meat and fish.

Assessment would include other relationship between agriculture and industries.

(b) Biotic factors e.g. predators, parasites, soil micro-organisms, pests, pathogens and weeds; interrelationship such as competition, parasitism, mutualism (symbiosis).

soil pH, soil texture, soil structure, soil type etc.

6. Rock formation

(a) Types of rock:

(i) igneous;

(ii) sedimentary;

(iii) metamorphic.

(b) Processes of rock formation.

7. Soil formation and profile development

(a) Factors of soil formation: the parent rock, organisms, climate, topography and time.

(b) Processes of soil formation:

(i) physical weathering;

(ii) chemical weathering.

8. Types, composition and properties of soil

(a) Types of soil.

(b) Chemical and biological composition of soil:

(i) soil macro and micro nutrients;

(ii) soil water;

(iii) soil macro-organisms;

(iv) soil microbes;

(v) soil air.

(d) Physical properties of soil:

(i) soil texture;

(ii) soil structure;

Assessment would cover identification, description and examples of rock types.

Assessment would cover how igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks are formed.

The role played by each factor in soil formation would be assessed.

The meaning, importance, identification and description of each horizon of the soil profile would be assessed.

Assessment would cover types of soil and their separation into sand, silt and clay fractions, water holding capacity, porosity, capillarity, consistency etc.

Determination of soil pH, causes and correction of soil acidity/alkalinity would be assessed.

9. Plant nutrients and nutrient cycle

(a) Macro and micro nutrients; their functions and deficiency symptoms in crops.

(b) Factors affecting availability of nutrients in soil such as pH, excess of other nutrients, leaching, crop removal, oxidation and burning.

(c) Methods of replenishing lost nutrients, e.g. crop rotation, organic manuring, fertilizer application, fallowing, liming, cover-cropping.

(d) Nitrogen, carbon, water and phosphorus cycles.

(e) Organic agriculture – meaning and importance.

10. Irrigation

(a) Meaning of irrigation system.

(b) Types of irrigation systems:

(i) overhead e.g. sprinkler;

(ii) surface e.g. flooding, furrow/channel, basin, border;

(iii) underground e.g. perforated pipes, drips.

(d) Importance of irrigation.

(e) Problems associated with irrigation.

11. Drainage

(a) Meaning of drainage.

(b) Importance of drainage.

(i) surface drainage e.g. channel, furrow;

(ii) subsurface/underground drainage.

Macro-nutrients such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and Micro–nutrients such as Zn, Fe, Mo, Co, Bo, Cu would be assessed.

Types of fertilizers and methods of fertilizer application would be assessed.

Assessment would include the description and importance of nitrogen, carbon and water cycles.

(d) Advantages and disadvantages of drainage systems.

12. Agricultural pollution

(a) Meaning of agricultural pollution.

(b) Causes/sources of pollution of agricultural lands and fish ponds:

(i) excessive application of agricultural chemicals;

(ii) marine and oil spillage;

(iii) livestock waste and dung disposal etc.

1. Simple farm tools

(a) Meaning of simple farm tools.

(b) Types of simple farm tools

– cutlass, hoe, spade, shovel etc.

2. Farm machinery and implements

(a) Farm machinery:

(i) tractor;

(ii) bulldozer;

(iii) shellers;

(iv) dryers;

(v) incubators;

(vi) milking machines;

(vii) combine harvester etc.

(b) Tractor-coupled implements:

(i) ploughs;

(ii) harrows;

(iii) ridgers;

(iv) planters;

(v) harvesters;

(vi) sprayers etc.

Ways of minimizing land/pond pollution would be assessed.

Assessment would include identification, description and uses of each of the tools.

Assessment would include the meaning, uses/functions and identification of different parts of each of the farm machinery and implements. Engineering details are however not required.

3. Maintenance practices and precautionary measures

(a) Reasons for maintaining farm machines.

(b) Maintenance of farm machinery:

(i) check water and oil levels regularly;

(ii) carry out routine service;

(iii) keep machines clean etc.

4. Agricultural mechanization

(a) Meaning of agricultural mechanization.

(b) Mechanized agricultural operations.

(d) Limitations of agricultural mechanization.

5. Prospects of agricultural mechanization

6. Farm power

(a) Sources of farm power.

(b) Advantages and disadvantages of different sources of farm power.

7. Farm surveying

(a) Meaning of farm surveying.

(b) Common survey equipment.

(d) Maintenance of farm survey equipment.

(e) Importance of farm surveying.

8. Farm planning

(a) Meaning of farm planning.

(b) Factors to be considered in farm planning.

Assessment would include precautionary measures in the use of farm machinery.

Mechanized agricultural operations: ploughing, harrowing, planting, harvesting, milking etc would be assessed.

Possible ways of improving agricultural mechanization such as developing less expensive machines and establishing agricultural engineering schools for personnel would be assessed.

Engineering details are not required.

9. Principles of farmstead planning

(a) Meaning of farmstead.

(b) Importance of farmstead planning.

(d) Farmstead layout.

1. Classification of crops

(a) Classification of crops based on their uses e.g. cereals, pulses, roots and tubers, vegetables.

(b) Classification based on their life cycle e.g. annual, biennial, perennial, ephemeral.

2. Husbandry of selected crops:-

botanical names and common names of the crop, varieties/types, climatic and soil requirements, land preparation, methods of propagation, planting date, seed rate, spacing, sowing depth and nursery requirements, cultural practices: supplying, thinning,

manuring and fertilizer requirement and application, weeding, pests and disease control, harvesting, processing and storage of at least one representative crop from each of the following crop groupings:

(a) Cereals e.g. maize, rice, guinea corn, millet;

(b) Pulses (grain legumes) e.g.

cowpea, soya bean, pigeon pea.

Assessment would cover site selection, location of structures and sketching of farm layout.

A general knowledge of husbandry of all the crops listed is presumed.

(d) Vegetables e.g. tomatoes, onion, amaranthus, okro, cauliflower, spinach;

(e) Fruits e.g. citrus, banana, pineapple;

(f) Beverages e.g. cocoa, tea, coffee;

(g) Spices e.g. pepper, ginger;

(h) Oils e.g. groundnut, sheabutter, sunflower, oil palm;

(i) Fibres e.g. cotton, jute, sissal hemp;

(j) Latex e.g. rubber;

(k) Others – sugar cane etc.

3. Pasture and forage crops

(a) Meaning of pasture and forage crops.

(b) Uses of forage crops.

(d) Common grasses and legumes used for grazing livestock.

(e) Factors affecting the distribution and productivity of pasture.

(f) Establishment of pasture.

(g) Management practices of pasture.

4. Crop improvement

(a) Aims of crop improvement.

(b) Methods/processes of crop improvement e.g. introduction, selection, breeding.

(d) Advantages and disadvantages of crop improvement.

1. Forest management

(a) Meaning of forest and forestry.

(b) Importance of forestry.

(d) Forest management practices.

(e) Implications of deforestation.

Assessment would include the botanical names and characteristics of common grasses and legumes used for grazing livestock.

Assessment would include the meaning of crop improvement.

Definition of some genetic terms: characters or traits, chromosomes, genes, Mendel’s 1 and 2 laws would be assessed.

2. Agro-forestry practices in West Africa

(a) Meaning of agro-forestry.

(b) Agro-forestry practices:

(i) taungya system;

(ii) alley cropping;

(iii) ley farming etc.

1. Meaning and importance of

ornamental plants

(a) Meaning of ornamental plants.

(b) Importance of ornamental plants.

2. Common types of ornamental plants

(a) Types of ornamental plants according to their uses:

(i) bedding plants (mostly flowering plants);

(ii) hedging plants;

(iii) lawn grasses etc.

(b) Examples of ornamental plants.

3. Settings and location for planting ornamental plants.

4. Methods of cultivating ornamental plants:

(i) by seed;

(ii) vegetative propagation.

5. Maintenance of ornamental plants.

1. Diseases of crops

(a) Meaning of disease

(b) General effects of diseases on crop production.

transmission, symptoms, prevention and control

Common tree species suitable for agro-forestry practices would be assessed.

Assessment would cover identification of various types of ornamental plants.

The common and botanical names would be assessed.

Importance of each method and examples of ornamental plants propagated through such method would be assessed.

Reasons for carrying out maintenance operations: watering, mulching, pruning etc would be assessed.

measures of the diseases of the following crops:

(i) cereals – smut, rice blast, leaf rust etc;

(ii) legumes – cercospora leaf spot, rosette etc;

(iii) beverages – cocoa blackpod, swollen shoot, coffee leaf rust etc;

(iv) tubers – cassava mosaic, bacterial leaf blight etc;

(v) fruits- citrus gummosis, dieback etc

(vi) fibre – black arm/bacterial blight of cotton etc;

(vii) vegetables – root knot of tomato or okro, damping off, onion twister etc;

(viii) stored produce – mould etc.

2. Pests of crops

(a) Meaning of pests.

(b) Classification of pests:

(i) insect-pests;

(ii) non-insect pests.

(i) biting and chewing;

(ii) piercing and sucking;

(iii) boring.

(d) Important insect-pests of major crops;

field and storage pests, life cycle, economic importance, nature of damage, preventive and control measures of the following major insect-pests of crops:

(i) cereals – stem borer, army worm, ear worm etc;

Assessment would include at least two fungal, two viral, two bacterial and one nematode diseases of the crops chosen from the list.

(ii) legumes – pod borer, aphids, sucking bugs and leaf beetle;

(iii) beverages – cocoa myrids (capsids);

(iv) tubers – yam beetle, cassava mealybugs, green spidermites, variegated grasshopper;

(v) fibre – cotton stainer, bollworms;

(vi) fruits and vegetables – thrips, grasshopper, leaf roller, leaf beetle, scale insect;

(vii) stored produce – grain weevils, bean beetle.

(e) Non-insect pests e.g. birds, rodents etc.

(f) Side effects of preventive and control methods:

(i) chemical – pollution, poisoning;

(ii) biological - disruption of the ecosystem etc;

(iii) cultural – harmful effects of burning etc.

(g) General effects/economic importance of pests.

3. Weeds

(a) Meaning of weeds.

(b) Types of weeds.

(d) Characteristic features of weeds.

(e) Methods of controlling weeds: cultural, biological, chemical, physical and mechanical methods.

Nature of damage, economic importance, preventive and control measures of each of the non-insect pests would be assessed

Common and botanical names would be assessed.

1. Types and classification of farm animals

(a) Types of farm animals: cattle, sheep, goat, poultry, pig, rabbit, fish etc.

(b) Classification of farm animals according to:

(i) habitat – terrestrial and aquatic.

(ii) uses – food, protection, pet etc.

2. Anatomy and physiology of farm animals

(a) Parts of farm animals.

(b) Organs of farm animals e.g. heart, liver, lungs.

digestive system, circulatory system, respiratory system.

3. Animal reproduction

(a) Meaning of reproduction.

(b) Roles of hormones in reproduction of farm animals.

(d) Processes of reproduction in farm animals.

(e) Egg formation in poultry.

4. Environmental physiology

(a) Meaning of environmental

physiology.

(b) Effects of changes in climatic factors such as:

(i) temperature;

(ii) relative humidity; and

(iii) light on:

growth, reproduction, milk production, egg production etc.

Drawing and labeling of parts of farm animals would be assessed

Identification of important organs and their functions would be assessed.

Assessment would include the digestive system of poultry, differences between the monogastric and ruminant digestive systems

Assessment would include oestrus cycle, heat period, mating, gestation period, parturition, lactation, colostrum, mammary glands, signs of heat, ovulation etc.

5. Livestock management

(a) Meaning of livestock management.

(b) Requirements for livestock management: housing; feeding; hygiene and finishing of at least one ruminant and one non-ruminant from birth to market weight.

6. Animal nutrition

(a) Meaning of animal nutrition.

(b) Classification of feeds.

(d) Types of ration/diet and their uses; components of a balanced diet, production and maintenance rations.

(e) Causes and symptoms of malnutrition and their correction in farm animals.

7. Rangeland and pasture management

(a) Meaning and importance of rangeland/pasture to livestock and the characteristics of range land.

(b) Common grasses and legumes in rangeland.

(d) Methods of rangeland and pasture improvement:

controlled stocking, rotational grazing, use of fertilizers, introduction of legumes, reseeding, weed control, burning, pest and disease control.

Assessment would include extensive, intensive and semi-intensive systems of management and record keeping in livestock management.

The biochemical details of the nutrients are not required.

Assessment would include the types of diet for the various classes of animals, their characteristics and supplementary feeding.

Assessment would include malnutrition related conditions such as ketosis, rickets.

8. Animal improvement

(a) Meaning of animal improvement.

(b) Aims of animal improvement.

(i) introduction;

(ii) selection;

(iii) breeding.

(d) Artificial insemination.

(i) meaning of artificial insemination.

(ii) methods of collecting semen.

(iii) advantages and disadvantages of artificial insemination.

9. Animal health management

(a) Meaning of disease.

(b) Causal organisms: viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa.

(d) Reaction of animals to diseases: susceptibility and resistance to diseases.

(e) Causal organisms, symptoms, mode of transmission, effects, prevention and control of the following selected livestock diseases:

(i) viral-foot and mouth, rinderpest, newcastle;

(ii) bacterial – anthrax,

brucellosis, tuberculosis;

(iii) fungal – aspergillosis, ringworm, scabies;

(iv) protozoa – trypanosomiasis, coccidiosis.

Assessment would include differences and similarities between breeds (local, exotic and cross/hybrid) and performance of animals.

The economic importance of the diseases would be assessed.

(f) Parasites.

(i) meaning of parasite.

(ii) types of parasites.

(iii) mode of transmission, life cycle, economic importance and control of the following selected livestock parasites:

endoparasites – tapeworm, liverfluke and roundworm;

ectoparasites – ticks, lice.

(g) General methods of prevention and control of diseases and parasites:

quarantine, inoculation/immunization, hygiene, breeding for resistance etc.

10. Aquaculture

(a) Meaning of aquaculture.

(b) Different types of aquaculture:

(i) fish farming;

(ii) shrimp farming;

(iii) crab farming.

(d) Conditions necessary for siting

a fish pond.

(e) Establishment and maintenance of fish pond.

(f) Fishery regulations – meaning and regulations.

(g) Fishing methods and tools.

Assessment would include aeration, stocking, feeding, harvesting, processing and preservation of fish.

11. Apiculture or bee keeping

(a) Meaning of apiculture or bee

keeping.

(b) Types of bees:

(i) indigenous bees;

(ii) exotic bees.

(d) Methods of bee keeping:

(i) traditional method;

(ii) modern bee keeping.

(e) Bee keeping equipment:

bee hives, hive tools like suits,

smokers, jungle boots, brushes

etc.

(f) Precautionary measures in bee keeping:

(i) locate apiaries far from human dwellings;

(ii) put warning symbols near

apiary etc.

1. Basic economic principles:

(a) scarcity;

(b) choice;

(d) law of diminishing returns.

2. Factors of production:

(a) land;

(b) capital;

(d) management or entrepreneur.

3. Principles of demand

(a) Definition of demand.

(b) Law of demand.

agricultural produce.

Rural-urban migration and how it affects labour availability in agricultural production would be assessed.

(d) Movements along the demand curve.

(e) Shifts in the demand curve.

4. Principles of supply

(a) Definition of supply.

(b) Law of supply.

(d) Shifts in the supply curve.

(e) Factors affecting the supply of agricultural produce.

5. Implications of demand and supply for agricultural production

(a) Price support.

(b) Price control.

6. Functions of a farm manager

(a) Meaning of a farm manager.

(b) Functions of a farm manager.

7. Problems faced by farm managers

8. Agricultural finance

(a) Meaning of agricultural finance.

(b) Importance of agricultural finance.

(d) Classes of farm credit:

(i) classification based on length of time:

– short-term credit;

– medium term credit;

– long-term credit.

(ii) classification based on source of credit:

– institutional credit;

– non-institutional credit.

(iii) classification based on liquidity:

– loan in-cash;

– loan in-kind.

Assessment would include the meaning of farm management

NOTES

(e) Problems faced by farmers in procuring agricultural credit.

– high interest rate;

– lack or inadequate collateral etc.

(f) Problems faced by institutions in granting loans to farmers:

– lack of records and accounts etc.

(g) Capital market.

(i) meaning of capital market, institutions that deal with medium and long term loans for agricultural business.

(ii) institutions involved in the capital market

(iii) sources of funds for the capital market:

– bonds;

– insurance companies;

– merchant banks;

– the stock exchange (sales and purchases of shares).

(iv) roles of capital markets in agricultural business:

– mobilization of long term funds for on-lending;

– reduce over reliance on money market etc.

9. Farm records and accounts

(a) Importance of farm records.

(b) Types of farm records:

(i) inventory records;

(ii) production records;

(iii) income and expenditure records;

(iv) supplementary or special

records.

Assessment would include the meaning of agri-business.

(d) Farm accounts:

(i) expenditure/ purchases account;

(ii) income/sales account;

(iii) profit and loss account;

(iv) balance sheet.

10. Marketing of agricultural produce

(a) Meaning and importance of marketing of agricultural produce.

(b) Marketing agents and their functions.

(i) assembling;

(ii) transportation;

(iii) processing etc.

(d) Marketing of export crops.

(e) Export crops in West Africa.

(f) Guidelines for exporting crops in West Africa.

(g) Corporate bodies, cooperative societies and individuals engaged in exporting agricultural produce e.g ANCE – Association of Nigerian Cooperative Exporters.

(h) Importance of exporting agricultural produce.

(i) Problems of marketing

agricultural produce .

11. Agricultural insurance

(a) Meaning of agricultural insurance.

(b) Importance of agricultural insurance.

(i) specific enterprise insurance e.g. crop insurance, livestock insurance;

Assessment would include terms such as salvage value, appreciation, farm budget, depreciation, inventory, their importance and their uses in calculating profit and loss of farm items like crops, livestock, farm machinery and tools in the farm.

Advantages and disadvantages of the marketing agents would be assessed.

(ii) farm vehicle insurance;

(iii) fire disaster insurance or machines and buildings insurance;

(iv) life assurance (farmers, farm workers and farmers’ household).

(d) Insurance premium

(e) Problems of agricultural insurance:

– uncertainties of weather;

– losses due to natural disaster etc.

12. Agricultural extension

(a) Meaning and importance of agricultural extension

(b) Agricultural extension methods:

(i) individual contact methods;

(ii) group contact methods etc.

(c) Agricultural extension programmes in West Africa e.g ADP, NDE, Agro-service centres, state ministries of agriculture and natural resources

(d) Problems of agricultural extension in West Africa. e.g. illiteracy among farmers, inadequate transport facilities etc.

Qualities of a good extension worker would be assessed.

1. Soil

2. Soil profile

3. Rocks

4. Laboratory work on physical properties of soil.

(a) Mechanical analysis by sedimentation and also by use of hydrometer method or sieves

(b) Determination of bulk density and total pore space.

(d) Determination of maximum water holding capacity.

(e) Determination of wilting point.

(f) Determination of capillary action.

5. Laboratory work on chemical properties of soil.

(a) Determination of soil acidity using pH meter and/or any other gadget or simple equipment.

(b) Common types of chemical

fertilizers.

Soil samples are to be examined for texture by manual feeling of wet and dry soil.

Examination of fertile and infertile soils and note distinguishing features of soils – colour, texture and structure, presence of organic matter and living things.

Simple description and identification of soil profile would be assessed.

Identification of common rock types: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic would be assessed.

Identification, methods and rates of application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and compound fertilizers would be assessed.

(d) Organic manure:

(i) green manure;

(ii) farm yard;

(iii) compost.

6. Irrigation and drainage

1. Farm tools and equipment

2. Tractor and animal drawn implement

3. Harvesting, processing and storage equipment.

4. Farm tractor

5. Uses and maintenance of horticultural tools and implements.

6. Livestock and fishing equipment

Identification, method of preparation and application of compost would be assessed.

Identification and uses of irrigation and drainage equipment e.g. watering can, sprinkler, pump, pipes would be assessed.

Assessment would include identification, description, uses and maintenance of various garden tools and equipment e.g. hoe, cutlass, garden trowel, hand fork, shovel, spade, rake, sickle, secateurs, shears, long handle hoe, pruner, budding knife, emasculator.

Assessment would include identification, description, uses and maintenance of tractor and animal-drawn implements e.g. ploughs, harrows, ridgers, planters, cultivators; identification of the major parts of the implements and their functions.

Assessment would include identification, description and uses of harvesting, processing and storage equipment e.g. dehuskers, shellers, winnowers, dryers, processors, graters, refrigerators, cutlasses, scythe, groundnut lifters.

Identification of the major components of the farm tractor, servicing and maintenance would be assessed.

Identification, uses and maintenance of the following horticultural tools: shears, dibber, pruning knife, secateurs, budding knife, measuring tapes, hand fork, hand trowel, hoe, fork would be assessed.

Identification, description, uses and care of livestock and fishing equipment e.g. waterers, feeders, milking machines, nets, hook and line, branding machine, egg candler would be assessed.

7. Farm surveying equipment

1. Seeds, seedlings, fruits and

storage organs of crops.

2. Main pests and diseases of crops

3. Planting dates, seed rates, plant population and seed quality tests of the more common local crop plants.

4. Preparation of seedbeds, fertilizer application, mulching, use of pesticides , watering, vegetative propagation, germination tests etc.

5. Forest products and by-products.

6. Methods of propagation of horticultural plants.

7. Common weeds

1. Common breeds of animals and types of animals available in the locality.

Assessment would include identification, uses, and care of simple surveying equipment e.g. measuring tape, pins or arrows, ranging poles, plum bob, offset staff, compass, gunter’s chains, pegs, theodolite.

Identification of seeds, seedlings, fruits, storage organs and essential parts of the common crop plants, pasture grasses and legumes would be assessed.

Assessment would include identification and control of the main field and storage pests e.g. cotton stainer, yam beetles, weevils etc and the damage they cause to crops; identification of main diseases of crops, their causal agents and characteristic symptoms, prevention and control.

Assessment would include the following propagation methods – direct sowing, transplanting, layering, grafting and budding.

External features, mode of dispersal and methods of controlling weeds on the farm would be assessed.

Identification of breeds, methods of restraints, handling and grooming of farm animals would be assessed.

2. Major internal organs of farm animals, e.g. organs of the digestive system, reproductive and excretory systems.

3. Animal by-products

4. Animal feeds and feed stuffs and their local sources.

5. Main pests and parasites of farm animals.

6. Diseases of farm animals.

7. Routine management practices in farm animals, e.g. selection of livestock and poultry for breeding, culling, ear-notching, tattooing, horn or skin branding, debeaking, dehorning, castration.

8. Fish harvesting and preservation.

Assessment would cover identification and functions of the major internal organs.

Identification of animal by-products e.g. hides and skin, fur, feather, horn would be assessed.

The assessment would cover the identification and uses of feeds and feedstuffs(e.g. fish meal, groundnut cake, rice bran); types of diets/ration.

The assessment would cover the identification of common ectoparasites(e.g. ticks, lice) and endoparasites(e.g tapeworms, liver flukes, roundworms); the damage caused on their hosts and their control; and their life cycles.

Methods of prevention and control of diseases of farm animals, e.g. drugging, drenching, dipping, spraying and simple methods of farm sanitation would be assessed.

The assessment would cover the identification of equipment/tools used for routine management practices.

Methods of harvesting, processing and

preservation of fish would be assesse

For all NECO Candidates, The National Examination Council has officially released the Waec Syllabus for Agricultural Science 2023/2024. Kindly Download the Waec Syllabus for Agricultural Science.

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Past Questions & Answer

2024 NECO Agricultural Science Essay And Objectives Questions with Solutions

NECO AGRIC SCIENCE

NUMBER THREE

(3ai) Soil pH: Soil pH affects agricultural production by influencing nutrient availability, soil microbial activity, and the solubility of toxic elements. Different crops have different pH requirements, and soil pH can impact plant growth and overall yield.

(3aii) Soil structure: Soil structure refers to the arrangement of soil particles and affects factors such as water infiltration, root penetration, and oxygen availability. Good soil structure promotes healthy root growth and improves water retention, leading to better agricultural production.

(3aiii) Topography: Topography influences agricultural production by affecting factors like water drainage, erosion, and sunlight exposure. Sloped terrains can lead to soil erosion and water runoff, while flat terrains may experience waterlogging. Proper management of topography can optimize agricultural productivity.

(3b) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Rocks provide essential minerals and nutrients to the soil, supporting plant growth. (ii) Rocks serve as a source of building materials for infrastructure in agriculture, such as stone walls or pathways. (iii) Rocks help in soil stabilization and erosion control in agricultural fields. (iv) Certain rocks, like limestone, can be used to adjust soil pH and improve soil fertility. (v) Rocks are used in the construction of irrigation structures and water containment systems. (vi) Rocks are valuable for landscaping and beautification of agricultural areas.

(3c) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Leaching: Nitrogen can be washed out of the soil by excess water, leading to nutrient runoff. (ii) Denitrification: Microbial processes can convert soil nitrogen into gaseous forms, such as nitrous oxide, which is lost to the atmosphere. (iii) Volatilization: Ammonium nitrogen can be converted into ammonia gas and lost to the air. (iv) Erosion: Soil erosion can result in the loss of nitrogen-rich topsoil. (v) Plant uptake: Nitrogen can be taken up by plants and harvested, removing it from the soil system. (vi) Fixation: Certain soil minerals can bind nitrogen, making it less available to plants.

(3d) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Pesticides and herbicides (ii) Heavy metals (iii) Industrial chemicals and wastes (iv) Fertilizers (v) Plastic debris (vi) Oil and petroleum products

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NECO Agric Questions and Answers 2022/2023 (Obj, Essay & Theory)

March 29, 2022

Do you need the real NECO Agricultural science obj and essay questions and answers for 2021?

If yes, then you have come to the right place. Disregard ant website telling you to pay a certain amount to get the NECO 2021 Agric answers because you’re going to get it free of charge here.

In case you’re here for the practical instead, See; NECO Agric Practical Specimen & Answers

The NECO Agric Science paper is supposed to hold on the 30th of July 2021.

According to the timetable;

Friday 30th July 2021 . Paper III & II: Objective & Essay – Agricultural Science 10:00am – 12:30pm.

NECO Agric Science (Essay / Theory) Answers 2021 .

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NECO Agriculture Objective Answers (2020 Answers)

1-10: AEAAECDCCB

11-20: DECECAABDD

21-30: CCBAAAACCB

31-40: EEBDABCCCC

41-50: DCAEBDCEAB

51-60: BBCCEDCADB

How to pass NECO Agric Science

You can actually score grade A1 in your agric science for NECO this year by following this guide.

If you want to pass NECO agric science, you must:

Before the exam, read and practice previous questions to learn how to recognize organisms and their physical characteristics.
Bring your drawing tools and a pen inside the examination room.
Pay attention to what the teacher and examiner are saying.

If you have any challenges loading the NECO Agric answers, Please kindly let us know using the comment section below.

2022 NECO Physics (OBJ & Essay) Answers [29th July, 2021]

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June/July NECO Agricultural Science Questions 2024 Free Answers (Essay & Obj) 100% Verified Solution

NECO 2024 Agric essay and OBJ answers is officially released. See the real and legit 2024 NECO Agricultural Science Questions June/July solved and uploaded in this page. The exam will take place tomorrow being 9th Of July, 2024. The National Examinations Council (NECO) is a Nigerian examination body responsible for conducting and administering national examinations at the secondary school level. NECO plays a crucial role in assessing and certifying students’ academic achievements across various subjects.

The NECO Agricultural Science exam covers various topics, including crop production, animal husbandry, soil science, and agricultural economics. It assesses students’ knowledge and practical skills in both theoretical and practical aspects of agriculture.

It is important to note that students are required to pass the essay part of any subject that has practical, of which Agric is a part.

If you are here for the Agricultural Science expo answers, then you have come to the right website. The question papers are right now with us and we are busy with the solving.

All students writing the Agric examination are advised to join us on WhatsApp for early solution. To join now, click on the link in this page.

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Is NECO Agricultural Science Questions 2024 Answers Out?

Yes, this is to inform all all student that the National examination board Agric theory and Obj answers is currently ready. The papers will be uploaded here once our verification process is completed.

NECO has scheduled the Agricultural Science Papers III & II: Objective & Essay for Tuesday, 9th July, 2024, from 2:20 pm to 4:50 pm.

Students writing this examination are advised to carefully follow all instructions and manage their time efficiently to excel in the exam.

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NECO Agric Science Essay Answers

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AGRIC OBJ 01-10: CADBDBEEBA 11-20: EACDADACBD 21-30: CCCDADAECE 31-40: BBBCECCBBB 41-50: AABEDAEDAC 51-60: EEDACDBDAD Solved by bingmat.com.ng COMPLETED

NECO 2024 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE ANSWERS

INSTRUCTION: ANSWER ONE(1) QUESTION FROM EACH SECTION

(1a) (i) Food Security: Agriculture provides food for the population, ensuring food security and reducing reliance on imports. (ii) Employment: Agriculture creates employment opportunities for millions of Nigerians, especially in rural areas. (iii) Foreign Exchange: Agricultural exports generate foreign exchange earnings for the country. (iv) Raw Materials: Agriculture provides raw materials for industries, such as textiles, food processing, and beverages. (v) GDP Contribution: Agriculture contributes significantly to Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

(1bi) =Inconsistent government policies= (i) Stable Policy Framework: Establish a stable policy framework that ensures consistency and predictability. (ii) Stakeholder Engagement: Engage with farmers, industry experts, and other stakeholders to ensure policies align with their needs. (iii) Policy Review: Regularly review and update policies to reflect changing circumstances and emerging challenges.

(1bii) =Unpredictable climate= (i) Climate-Smart Agriculture: Promote climate-resilient agricultural practices, such as conservation agriculture and agroforestry. (ii) Weather Insurance: Introduce weather insurance schemes to protect farmers from climate-related losses. (iii) Early Warning Systems: Establish early warning systems to alert farmers of impending climate-related disasters.

(1c) (i) Soil Conservation: Tree pullers help preserve soil structure and reduce erosion, unlike bulldozers which can compact and damage soil. (ii) Cost-Effective: Tree pullers are often less expensive than bulldozers, making them a more accessible option for small-scale farmers. (iii) Selective Clearance: Tree pullers allow for selective clearance of vegetation, preserving valuable trees and reducing environmental impact. (iv) Minimal Disturbance: Tree pullers cause minimal disturbance to the soil and surrounding ecosystem, promoting sustainable agriculture practices. (v) Local Fabrication: Tree pullers can be fabricated locally, promoting local innovation and economic growth. ===================================

(2ai) Farm planning refers to the process of designing and organizing agricultural activities to achieve specific goals and objectives, considering factors like land use, crop selection, resource allocation, and production timelines.

(2aii) [TABULATES] (i) Gunter’s chain: Measuring distances and lengths in land surveying.

(ii) Theodolite: Determining angles and elevations in land surveying.

(iii) Beacon: Serving as a reference point for surveying and navigation.

(iv) Prismatic compass: Determining directions and bearings in land surveying.

(2b) (i) Improved crop yields: Science and technology lead to the development of high-yielding crop varieties and efficient farming practices. (ii) Enhanced food security: Science and technology help ensure a stable food supply, reducing hunger and malnutrition. (iii) Increased efficiency: Science and technology optimize resource use, reducing waste and improving productivity. (iv) Better decision-making: Science and technology provide data and insights for informed decision-making in agriculture. (v) Sustainability: Science and technology promote environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural practices.

(2c) (i) Raw materials: Agriculture provides raw materials for agro-allied industries, such as textiles, food processing, and beverages. (ii) Market outlet: Agro-allied industries create a market outlet for agricultural products, ensuring a steady demand. (iii) Value addition: Agro-allied industries add value to agricultural products, increasing their economic value. (iv) Job creation: Agro-allied industries create employment opportunities in processing, manufacturing, and marketing. (v) Economic growth: The relationship between agriculture and agro-allied industries contributes to overall economic growth and development. ===================================

*SECTION B*

(3a) (i) Soil pH: Affects nutrient availability, nutrient uptake, and microbial activity. Optimal pH range varies by crop.

(ii) Soil structure: Influences water infiltration, aeration, and root growth. Good structure enables healthy root development and water penetration.

(iii) Topography: Impacts water runoff, erosion, and soil distribution. Flat lands are suitable for mechanized farming, while sloping lands require conservation techniques.

(3b) (i) Soil formation: Rocks weather into soil, providing essential nutrients. (ii) Soil amendment: Rocks like limestone and dolomite are used to adjust soil pH. (iii) Water filtration: Rocks help filter water, reducing sedimentation and improving irrigation quality. (iv) Supports infrastructure: Rocks are used in construction, enabling the building of farms, roads, and irrigation systems.

(3c) (i) Leaching: Nitrogen is carried away by water, contaminating groundwater. (ii) Denitrification: Microorganisms convert nitrogen to atmospheric gases. (iii) Volatilization: Ammonia nitrogen is lost as a gas.

(3d) (i) Heavy metals: Industrial waste and pesticides can contaminate soil with heavy metals. (ii) Pesticide residues: Chemicals used in farming can persist in soil, harming the environment. (iii) Industrial waste: Factories and industries can release harmful chemicals, polluting the land. ===================================

(4ai) Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and re-vegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall.

(4aii) (i) Waterlogging: Excess water can lead to soil erosion and waterlogged fields. (ii) Soil salinization: Irrigation can cause salt buildup in soil, reducing fertility. (iii) Water waste: Inefficient irrigation systems can lead to water loss and waste. (iv) Environmental impact: Irrigation can alter ecosystems and affect wildlife habitats.

(4b) Nitrogen Cycle Diagram [img]https://i.imgur.com/hgbtK0g.png[/img]

(4ci) (i) Foliation: Layered structure due to pressure and temperature changes. (ii) Mineral composition: New minerals form during metamorphism. (iii) Texture: Changed texture due to recrystallization.

(4cii) (i) Rock salt (halite): Formed through evaporation of seawater. (ii) Gypsum: Formed through evaporation of seawater or lake water. ===================================

*SECTION C*

(5a) (i) Soil requirement: Rubber trees require well-draining, acidic soil with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5.

(ii) Climatic requirement: Rubber trees require a warm, humid climate with average temperatures between 20°C and 30°C and annual rainfall of at least 2,000 mm.

(iii) Planting date in nursery: Seedlings are typically planted in the nursery in the spring or early summer, when the weather is warm and humid.

(iv) One fungal disease: Corticium salmonicolor (pink disease) attacks the bark of rubber trees, causing damage and reducing yields.

(v) One industrial product: Rubber is used in the production of tires.

(5bi) (i) Reduced yields (ii) Increased susceptibility to disease (iii) Poor growth rates (iv) Reduced shelf life

(5bii) (i) Use clean and sharp tools to prevent spreading disease (ii) Make clean cuts, and remove any weak or damaged growth

(5c) (i) High yield and productivity (ii) Good nutritional value (iii) Persistence and ability to withstand grazing (iv) Ability to recover quickly from damage (v) Resistance to disease and pests ===================================

(6a) Agro-forestry is a farming system that integrates trees into agricultural landscapes to promote ecological interactions and synergies between trees and crops.

(6b) (i) Ornamental plants enhance the visual appeal of gardens, parks, and landscapes. (ii) Pests can lower the quality of produce, making it less marketable and reducing its economic value. (iii) The roots of ornamental plants can help stabilize soil and prevent erosion. (iv) Ornamental plants provide habitat and food for various wildlife species, including birds and insects.

(6c) (i) Yield Reduction: Insect pests can significantly reduce crop yields by feeding on plants and damaging them. (ii) Quality Degradation: Pests can lower the quality of produce, making it less marketable and reducing its economic value. (iii) Increased Production Costs: Farmers incur additional costs for pest control measures such as pesticides and integrated pest management practices. (iv) Post-Harvest Losses: Insect pests can cause significant losses during storage and transportation of crops, affecting overall profitability.

(6d) (i) Causal organism: Cacao swollen shoot virus(CSSV)

(ii) One symptom: Swollen shoots and leaves

(iii) One mode of transmission: Through insect vectors like mealybugs

(iv) One control measure: Removing and destroying infected plants

(6e) (i) Mulching: Applying a layer of organic material to suppress weeds (ii) Crop rotation: Changing crop species to break weed life cycles ===================================

*SECTION D*

(7a) (i) Reduced Egg Production: High temperatures can cause heat stress in hens, leading to a decrease in the number of eggs laid. (ii) Lower Egg Quality: Eggs produced in high temperatures may have thinner shells and poorer internal quality. (iii) Decreased Feed Intake: Hens tend to eat less in high temperatures, which can affect their overall health and egg-laying capacity. (iv) Increased Mortality Rates: Prolonged exposure to high temperatures can increase the risk of mortality among hens due to heat exhaustion.

(7b) (i) Degreasing: Bones are first cleaned and then subjected to processes that remove fat and other organic materials. This often involves boiling or steaming the bones. (ii) Acid Treatment: The cleaned bones are treated with strong acids (like hydrochloric acid) to break down the mineral components and remove any remaining organic material. (iii) Drying and Grinding: The treated bones are then thoroughly dried to remove all moisture. After drying, they are ground into a fine powder to produce the bone meal.

(7c) (i) Regular Cleaning: Remove debris, fallen leaves, and other organic matter to maintain water quality. (ii) Monitoring Water Quality: Regularly check parameters like pH, oxygen levels, and temperature to ensure a healthy environment for the fish. (iii) Feeding Management: Provide the appropriate amount and type of feed to prevent overfeeding, which can lead to water pollution. (iv) Control of Predators and Pests: Implement measures to protect the pond from predators such as birds and animals, and control pests that can harm the fish. (v) Aeration: Use aerators to maintain adequate oxygen levels in the water, especially in ponds with high fish densities.

(7d) (i) Vaccination: Administering vaccines to livestock to prevent the spread of common infectious diseases. (ii) Quarantine: Isolating new or sick animals to prevent the spread of disease to healthy stock. (iii) Proper Sanitation: Maintaining clean living conditions by regularly cleaning barns, equipment, and water sources to reduce the risk of infection. (iv) Regular Health Checks: Conducting routine health examinations and monitoring for early signs of disease to provide prompt treatment and prevent outbreaks. ===================================

(8a) (i) Enlargement of the udder (ii) Relaxation of the pelvic ligaments (iii) Bulging of the vulva (iv) Restlessness and frequent lying down

(8b) (i) Decreased Egg Production: Infested birds often lay fewer eggs due to stress and discomfort. (ii) Feather Damage and Loss: Lice cause irritation that leads to excessive preening and feather damage or loss. (iii) Anemia: Severe infestations can lead to anemia, as lice feed on the bird’s blood, causing weakness and potentially death in extreme cases.

(8c) (i) Causal organism: Aphthovirus

(ii) One symptom: Blisters on the feet and mouth

(iii) One mode of transmission: Direct contact with infected animals

(iv) One control measure: Vaccination and quarantine

(10b) (i) Product development and planning: Developing and planning agricultural products to meet market demands, including product packaging and branding. (ii) Pricing and valuation: Determining the price of agricultural products based on market conditions, production costs, and other factors. (iii) Distribution and logistics: Transporting and storing agricultural products to ensure efficient delivery to markets. (iv) Promotion and advertising: Promoting agricultural products to increase awareness and demand, including advertising, sales promotions, and public relations.

(10c) (i) Production risk: Risks associated with crop or animal production, including weather, pests, diseases, and soil degradation. (ii) Market risk: Risks associated with market fluctuations, including price changes, demand shifts, and competition. (iii) Financial risk: Risks associated with financial management, including loan repayment, cash flow, and investment decisions.

(10d) (i) Visual learning and observation: Farmers can see and learn from demonstrations, making it easier to understand and adopt new practices. (ii) Practical skill development: Demonstrations provide hands-on experience, allowing farmers to develop practical skills and confidence. (iii) Increased adoption and implementation: Demonstrations can increase the adoption and implementation of new practices and technologies. (iv) Improved retention and recall: Demonstrations can improve farmers’ retention and recall of information, making it easier to apply new knowledge and skills. ===================================

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Tips For passing NECO Agricultural Science exam

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NECO 2022 English Language Obj & Essay Questions And Answers Now Available

July 26, 2022 Wakagist Admin Neco 0

************* OBJ: 001-010: AEDDAADEBA 011-020: ECEBDBCEDB 021-030: BEBDBCACBA 031-040: ACDCEDDDDE 041-050: DDCDDBCCBB 051-060: DAEEDEACDE 061-070: DAECCBBECD 071-080: AABAEECEDB 081-090: EBABACDADA 091-100: CEACECACBC

ORAL OBJ: 01-10: CEDEBCCEBA 11-20: ABBBEACCCE 21-30: CEECCBCBDB 31-40: DCDADBCDCD 41-50: BEACCACEEB 51-60: CCCBEECBBD ************* SECTION A

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Only One (1) Question from this Section.

(1) A Defective Education System; The Nigeria’s education system does not prioritize reading for general acquisition of knowledge rather it prioritizes reading for passing examinations. Most students read to pass examination. Some students have even resorted to cramming in order to pass examinations. To make matters worse, some teachers want their students to write verbatim in examination. This is a wrong approach to reading and does not help one or a society to develop. The implication is that the students will pass the exams very well but the knowledge is not there, because a few minutes after exams they can’t answer same question.

Libraries; Some actually have a building that is labelled “library” but without books and library personnel. Some libraries are stocked with outdated books or reading materials. Most students do not go to libraries these days to read or do their assignments. Some go there to write or copy notes, which ordinarily should not be the main reason.

Poor quality teachers; This is quite pathetic considering the fact that to a large extent, the quality of the teachers determines the quality of the students. Teachers are role models to their students, if teachers cannot read fluently how can the students?

Poverty; Poverty is also responsible for the prevailing poor reading culture in Nigeria. Developing a reading culture is more than buying and reading just a book, and reading repeatedly. It costs a lot of money to buy books. Some parent cannot afford school fees, let alone buying books for their children to read. Where one does not have books to read, developing a reading culture becomes difficult. Some therefore make the decision to indulge in examination mal-practice as the only way.

The above mentioned factors can be solved through the following ways.

Government; Government at all levels should promote a good reading culture by establishing standard public libraries because not everybody has access to school libraries. In most cases, school libraries are highly restricted to students. Also, not all schools have functional libraries. Therefore, the establishment of public libraries will help those who are not in school and students whose schools do not have functional libraries.

Qualified teachers; government should employ qualified teachers to teach. If those who are not well educated are certified and employ this will not give the desired result for the future, government can also organize workshop, and trainings for it teachers.

Schools; School should make it compulsory for students to go to the library to do some readings or assignment. Schools should create a reading hour on the timetable, organize reading competitions, and especially inter-school competitions.

Parents; Parents needs to encourage their children to develop a positive attitude toward reading. To this end, parents should include in their budget reading materials for their children.

The students; Students must prioritize reading by developing a positive attitude towards it. They should see reading as natural as play, make it a hobby, and devote their time to reading good books. All hands must be on deck for a good reading culture to be promoted among Nigerian students. The Parents, the students, the teachers and the Government must play their roles in ensuring that this is done. The students must not be lazy; they must be ready to read at all times ************* (3) A1 Int’l School, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. 27th July, 2022.

The Honorable, South local Government office, Ikeja Lagos, Nigeria.

LETTER TO CONGRATULATE ON BECOMING A CHAIRMAN

My name is Peter Obi and I am writing to you on behalf of the youth development of our community. We are writing this letter to congratulate you as the new elected chairman of the well-known and Successful local government (Ikeja). I was so happy to hear the news, and I wanted to congratulate you immediately on this rare achievement. After hearing your good news, I know that I had to contact you immediately and after my heartiest congratulations, you have proved that you can do things that you want to. I have see your hardwork and commitment over the years, as well as your selfless dedication to this community. I believe that you are the most deserving candidate for this post of chairman. My colleagues who know you well, Will agree with me about my opinion that you are worthy of this honorable position. You have Always demonstrate integrity in your work by setting high standar example for yourself and others. I must add that your loyalty, Hardwork and dedication have finally paid off. I am sure you will continue to do great things in life and achieve even greater things in the coming years Ikeja us one of the most popular local government in our state. It has large landmass, Larger than most other local Governments. it is a popular tourist attractions, but we does have some problems, as the president of the youth development association of the community over the last few years, the community of Ikeja has been suffering through a severe economic downturn. The result of this is that our youth have trouble getting jobs and many of them travel over an hour from nearby cities to work. Our schools are underfunded, and they cannot provide the best Education to our children. The state allocate a smaller amount of money per student than any other state in the country. The result of these issues is crime, poverty and a struggling economy. For example: There are only two grocery stores left in our city, one which closed last week. This leaves many people without a place to buy healthy food, which leads to disease and health problems later in life. Because there are fewer jobs available, many teens drop out of school in order to support their families. In turn, this low education level causes our unemployment rate to be higher than the nation average. There are also no jobs for high school graduates who want an entry-level position that will lead to something better down the road. A lot of youth turn to crime because it is all they can find. There are not many opportunities for people with criminal records either. Stealing is an easy way for youth who live in the community. We the youth of this community elected you as our chairman because we know you are good and capable leader who will be able to solve our problem.

Yours faithfully, Prof Michael. ************* (4) AN EMPTY BARREL MAKES THE LOUDEST NOISE One day in a sixth grade class there was a student named Daniel. He was a really bright student and was loved by all his teachers. Though he wasn’t that active in class discussions but did a good performance in his papers. There was another boy named Bayo. He wasn’t that good in academics but always shows off telling he was better than Daniel. Bayo also makes fun of Daniel’s silent nature and pulled him for verbal wars many times. Although Bayo was boasting but Daniel never bothered. One monday, during the Social Science period there was a quiz held. Both Daniel and Bayo were in different teams. Bayo’s team was getting easy questions but Bayo was the first one to shout out the answer without discussing with his team mates. And all the answers he provided were wrong. In the other hand, Daniel was confident about all the answers but discussed with his team mates and gave chance for his friends to answer. The first question asked by the teacher to Daniel’s team was; ‘How many states are there in India?’. Though knew the answer he discussed with his team and confidently answered; ” twenty-two” . Daniel’s team gets one point. Next question to Bayo’s team was; ‘What is the capital of India?’ Sham impatiently shouted the the answer saying; ‘Bangalore’. The answer was wrong, so all his teammates shouted on him. But still in the next round he didn’t change his behavior and eventually lost the quiz. At the end of the quiz, his team walked up to him in annoyance and said to him; “it’s obvious now that the empty barrel that makes the loudest noise” ************* SECTION B

(5a) The writer want from the grandmother kindness and warmth.

(5b) She was always in the kitchen because she was weak in mind and limb and could scarcely walk about the house.

(5c) According to the passage, the two symptoms of asthma are: (i) Gasping and breathlessness (ii) Wild wheezing cries

(5d) She fled home with her grief from the sea, shut herself in the store, And threw herself face down on an old Mattress and lay their till night

(5e) (i) Adverbial clause (ii) It modifies the verb “Died’

(5f) Grandmother’s Ailment was caused by her lying face down on the old Mattress which had lain in the store for years

(5g) Hyperbole

(5h) (i) Doled out – Gave out (ii) Shackled – Restricted (iii) Battled – Struggled (iv) Draped – Covered (v) Exhausted – Tired (vi) Constitution – Health ************* SECTION C

(6) The activities carried out by the troop in the scatting years are: (i) The cutting of grasses (ii) The pumping of bicycle tyres (iii) The cooking of food (iv) Keeping Watch at night (v) The assault course which was devised by the troop. ************* Completed.!! Good luck we done for today

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NECO 2024 Agric Science (OBJ/ESSAY) Questions and Answers

This is to inform all students preparing for the 2024 NECO SSCE exams and the school administrators that the June/July NECO Agric Science Essay/OBJ Questions and Answers for 2024 are now available.

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NECO 2024 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE QUESTIONS (ESSAY)

Essays and Objectives – Agricultural Science (2 hrs 30 mins) (2:00 pm – 4:30 pm)

NECO June/July 2024 Free essay & Objective– Agricultural Science Question and Answer Room: Pay just N1,500 ! Click on the link below to WhatsApp us and get the answers at 12 midnight . Prepare effectively and ensure your success in the exam with our comprehensive resources.

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2024 NECO Agricultural (AGRIC) OBJ (OBJECTIVE) Questions:

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE OBJ

01-10: CADBDBEDBA

11-20: EADDADACAC

51-60: E…………C

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NECO ESSAY – Agric Science (THEORY) 2024 Answers:

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(2ai) Farm planning is the systematic process of organizing and managing the resources of a farm to achieve specific goals and objectives. It involves developing a comprehensive plan that outlines the farm’s objectives, strategies, and actions required to reach those objectives.

(2aii) [In a Tabular form]

-Gunter’s Chain- (PICK ANY ONE) (i) Measuring distances during land surveying (ii) Establishing baselines for triangulation (iii) Laying out plots and fields (iv) Determining the area of land

-Theodolite- (PICK ANY ONE) (i) Measuring horizontal and vertical angles (ii) Establishing reference points for surveying (iii) Leveling and aligning structures (iv) Surveying buildings and other structures

-Beacon- (PICK ANY ONE) (i) Marking reference points for surveying (ii) Establishing temporary benchmarks (iii) Identifying property boundaries (iv) Providing visual landmarks for navigation

-Prismatic Compass- (PICK ANY ONE) (i) Determining the magnetic north direction (ii) Measuring bearings and angles (iii) Orienting maps and plans (iv) Surveying land boundaries

Instrument	Purpose (Selected Option)

Gunter’s Chain

Measuring distances during land surveying

Theodolite

Measuring horizontal and vertical angles

Beacon

Marking reference points for surveying

Prismatic Compass

Determining the magnetic north direction

(2b) (PICK ANY FIVE) (i) Improved crop yields through genetic engineering and biotechnology (ii)!Precision farming techniques for efficient resource use (iii) Disease and pest control through advanced diagnostics and treatments (iv) Mechanization to increase labor productivity and reduce costs (v) Development of sustainable farming practices to protect the environment (vi) Data analytics for informed decision-making and risk management (vii) Access to real-time information and market data through mobile technologies

(2c) (PICK ANY FIVE) (i) Provision of raw materials: Agriculture provides raw materials, such as crops, livestock, and fiber, for agro-allied industries. (ii) Value addition: Agro-allied industries process agricultural products into value-added products, such as food, beverages, and textiles. (iii) Employment creation: Both agriculture and agro-allied industries generate employment opportunities in rural and urban areas. (iv) Economic growth: The growth of agro-allied industries contributes to overall economic growth and development. (v) Technology transfer: Agro-allied industries often introduce new technologies and practices into the agricultural sector. (vi) Market linkages: Agro-allied industries provide markets for agricultural products, ensuring stable incomes for farmers. (vii) Diversification: The development of agro-allied industries diversifies the rural economy, reducing dependence on primary agricultural production.

(4ai) Irrigation is the artificial application of water to land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall.

(4aii) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Waterlogging and Salinization: Over-irrigation can raise the water table, leading to waterlogging of the soil. This can suffocate plant roots and reduce crop yields. In arid and semi-arid regions, the evaporation of this excess water can also leave behind salts, causing soil salinization, which makes the soil unsuitable for agriculture.

(ii) Depletion of Water Resources: Irrigation often relies heavily on groundwater or surface water sources, which can be depleted over time if not managed sustainably. This can lead to environmental problems, such as the drying up of rivers and lakes, and can also threaten the livelihoods of people who depend on these water sources.

(iii) Environmental Degradation: Irrigation can alter natural ecosystems by changing water flows, soil moisture, and vegetation patterns. This can lead to the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of habitats for wildlife. Additionally, the construction of dams and canals for irrigation can have significant impacts on river systems and the surrounding environment.

(iv) Inefficient Water Use: Many irrigation systems are inefficient, losing a significant amount of water through evaporation, leaks, and runoff. This not only wastes a valuable resource but can also contribute to water scarcity and environmental problems.

(v) High Energy Consumption: Some irrigation systems, particularly those that pump water from deep underground or over long distances, can be energy-intensive. This can increase greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to climate change.

(vi) Socioeconomic Issues: Irrigation projects can sometimes lead to social and economic disparities. Large-scale projects can displace communities, disrupt traditional livelihoods, and lead to conflicts over water rights. Additionally, the benefits of irrigation may not be evenly distributed, with some farmers and communities benefiting more than others.

(4ci) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Texture: Metamorphic rocks often have a foliated or banded texture, caused by the alignment of minerals under pressure. This alignment can create distinct layers or bands, as seen in gneiss. Non-foliated metamorphic rocks like marble or quartzite have a more granular texture.

(ii) Mineral Composition: Metamorphic rocks can contain a wide variety of minerals, depending on the original rock and the conditions of metamorphism. Some common metamorphic minerals include garnet, mica, talc, and kyanite. The presence of certain minerals can be indicative of the grade of metamorphism (low, medium, or high) the rock has undergone.

(iii) Parent Rock (Protolith): The original rock from which a metamorphic rock is formed is called the protolith. For example, shale can be metamorphosed into slate, phyllite, or schist under different conditions.

(iv) Formation: Metamorphic rocks form under a variety of conditions: Regional Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Dynamic Metamorphism.

(v) Types: Metamorphic rocks are classified based on their texture (foliated or non-foliated) and mineral composition. Some common types include: Foliated (Slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss), Non-foliated (Marble, quartzite, hornfels).

(4cii) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) limestone (ii) Dolomite (iii) Halite (iv) Gypsum

NECO AGRIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:

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NECO Agric Questions and Answers 2023/2024 (Essay and Objectives)

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How To Pass NECO Agric Science Examination

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