essay writing phobia in undergraduates

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What are some tricks for managing debilitating writing anxiety/phobia?

For the past 4 years, I've developed a severe problem with writing anxiety. It's become so bad, that I had to drop out of my first university because I wasn't able to keep up with the course work. I've tried to manage the problem on my own, but with very limited success. Part of my problem is that the reaction is very visceral. I quite literally feel like throwing up when I approach a writing assignment. I haven't been able to unlearn that reaction.

I suspect a great deal of my anxiety is coming from perfectionism. I know I shouldn't strive to make my first draft perfect, but it's like I can't help it. I have a lot of difficulty bypassing my inner critic when writing first drafts, so it makes the whole process very stress-inducing and unpleasant, which makes me put off the writing entirely, which then leads to binge-writing sessions which are just terrible.

I was wondering if anyone had some tricks for bypassing the inner critic and mitigating the nausea.

• academic-writing
• writers-block

• 10 Go see a therapist. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is perfect for treating this kind of problem. Your symptoms are too severe for self-help. It's already destroying your career, so don't hesitate but get help. All the best! –  user5645 Commented Oct 12, 2014 at 7:29
• I agree with @what. This isn't something you can work around with a listicle of helpful tips. If your anxiety is that severe, you need professional therapy. I also agree that CBT is the right place to start. –  Lauren-Clear-Monica-Ipsum Commented Oct 12, 2014 at 11:57
• If you're struggling to get out to a therapist, in the meantime you may want to check out Mood Gym: moodgym.anu.edu.au/welcome , it's an excellent onlione CBT course (though a bit patronising) –  CLockeWork Commented Oct 13, 2014 at 11:27

4 Answers 4

The comments on your post suggest therapy, and I think it is good advice. This is more than just writer's block or procrastination. It sounds like you have serious anxiety that's triggered by writing. Here are some things you might try if you can't afford a therapist.

First, pick a book and copy the text out of it. This will help you get used to the physical activity of typing or writing by hand without being concerned with what you are writing. When you can copy text without feeling anxious, then you are ready to move to the next step.

Second, move around the text you copied. Try rearranging the sentences in paragraph, or taking one sentence out of each paragraph to make a new story with the same words. Don't worry about how legible it is. You're getting used to the feeling of editing. When you feel comfortable moving text around like this, move on to the next part.

Third, play with the text you copied. Take a passage and substitute a few verbs and nouns with a synonym chosen from a thesaurus at random. Rewrite it using different pronouns (instead of third-person "he/she/it/them", write it in second-person "you", for instance). Rearrange the words in the sentences. Remove all the conjunctions. Do some small things like this to help yourself see that the same thing can be expressed in many different ways, and none of these is right or wrong.

Fourth, write something short that's not important. Something that has no deadline or grade or degree attached to it. A fake advertisement for an imaginary product might suffice. Write as much as you can in ten minutes, and then walk away from it. Come back to it in a day or a week, and revise it until you like it, or throw it away if you hate it. Then do it all again next week. From here, work your way into writing some things that carry more baggage.

These steps will hopefully lead you to feel that you are in control of your work. Hopefully, a few exercises like this, and you'll be over the worst parts of your anxiety. You can do this. You wrote this question here, so that's encouraging!

I have struggled with my inner critic for a long time and here are some things that have worked for me:

• Talking to someone you trust about your writing: Everyone writes differently but I don't think anyone gets it how they want it first time. Find someone who is either an avid reader or studying English that you know and trust and show them some of your writing. Seeing someone enjoy your writing can really help reduce anxiety. Someone who is a good critic is always helpful.
• Set short goals: If you are writing for an assignment/dissertation/etc it can be hard to see the light at the end of the tunnel. When I had to write my PhD thesis my supervisor gave me the advice to set short goals and use bullet points to layout the structure (a bullet point per paragraph with the basic idea).
• Break the monotony: Along with short goals give yourself rewards for achieving them. They don't need to be big. Ones I use include: a nice cup of tea, chocolate, reading a short story, a short walk.

I still struggle with my inner critic but these techniques helped me churn out a nearly 200 page thesis in about half a year. It does get easier once you get going I assure you :)

• If you have tried all these things with limited success then seeking professional help via therapy (as suggested by several commenters) is probably the way forwards.

Gee, I agree with what . You need a specialist. Something that helped me, though (I was a perfectionist, too) is this quote:

"Art is never finished, only abandoned." - Leonardo da Vinci

Give up perfection . Look at your writing as something that improves incrementally rather than something that is fixed. You can always come back and edit later; something that's even easier with all the technology we have today.

Giving up perfectionism is great advice. It's also like blithely telling someone to give up heroin. I tried to overcome my perfectionistic approach to writing fiction by doing some simple writing exercises, only to find that I was just as phobic about doing the exercises. I even spellcheck my own diary! I think the best way to approach this is not to think of it as a writing problem. Begin by being less perfectionistic in other areas of your life. Live with a bit of mess. Don't pay the bills immediately they come in. Go out with greasy hair and notice how little these things really matter. Aim lower in your goals too. Settle for a ten percent improvement rather than 100 percent. Aiming too high can make you feel overwhelmed and paralysed. Aiming lower gives you a can-do feeling and you end up accomplishing more than you expected.

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Writing With Anxiety

Productivity tips, support, and encouragement for writers with anxiety.

Symptoms of writing anxiety and how to overcome it

Mental Health / June 20, 2022 by Allaya Cooks-Campbell

Is there anything scarier than a blank page?

No matter how inspired you feel when you decide to start writing, a blank page seems to suck all the ideas out of you. Or you want to write, but that inner critic kicks in. Every word seems wrong somehow, and you just can’t seem to put the words on the page.

This is one of the classic, tell-tale symptoms of writing anxiety, and I don’t think there’s a single person who hasn’t experienced it. Keep reading to learn what writing anxiety is, how to recognize it, and ways to beat it.

What is writing anxiety?

Writing anxiety is the feeling of apprehension, tension, and fear that occurs when a person is about to write — or is currently writing. The feelings can be physical, emotional, and mental. It’s usually not a fear of writing itself, but fear related to the outcome of the work. Writers might be worried that their work isn’t good enough, they don’t know enough, or that they don’t have enough time to finish the project.

With severe writing anxiety, you might feel intense dread when you’re about to write, or even about writing. This might be because of perfectionism, fear of failure, or lack of confidence in one’s writing skills. The symptoms of writing anxiety overlap with generalized anxiety disorder . If you already experience anxiety or panic attacks, the symptoms might feel very similar.

Symptoms of writing anxiety

The symptoms are different for everyone, but they can be mental, emotional, physical, or behavioral. Here are some of the different ways to spot writing anxiety:

Physical symptoms:

• Stomach problems, like issues with digestion, cramps, or queasiness
• Heart palpitations or rapid heartbeat
• Tension in the body, particularly the jaw, face, shoulders, and back
• Panic attacks
• Sweating or clammy palms
• Dizziness or light-headedness
• Headaches 
• Shakiness, like shaking hands

Mental & emotional:

• Negative self-talk or harsh inner voice
• Feeling frozen when it’s time to write
• Trouble concentrating or remembering; brain fog
• Negative feelings or thoughts, especially when trying to write
• Feeling on-guard or irritable
• Lack of confidence
• Feeling worthless or hopeless
• Excessive fear of judgment or negative feedback from others

Behavioral:

• Snapping at others
• Avoiding feedback or communication
• Sitting down to write, but not writing anything
• Getting distracted easily
• Difficulty finishing writing projects
• Comparing oneself to other writers
• Extremely critical of one’s own work

Writing anxiety doesn’t just affect new writers. It can make it difficult for even professional writers finish their work. When writing anxiety gets out of control, it can seep into every area of your life and tank your career.

Some people think that even feeling symptoms of writing anxiety means that they’re not cut out to be a writer. In fact, the exact opposite is true. You can get good at recognizing your triggers and developing positive coping skills to deal with them. This helps to build mental and emotional resilience — a key skill for any writer.

What causes writing anxiety?

Writing anxiety is a common problem among writers. Usually, the fear of writing is connected to some future fear. Writers are often afraid of rejection, not being good enough, or being judged for one’s work. 

At its heart, fear of judgment is usually one of two things: low self-esteem or lack of experience. Both of these translate to a lack of confidence in one’s own abilities as a writer. 

This is part of the reason many people think that writing anxiety only affects new writers. The truth is, everyone can be subject to feeling insecure or stressed about their writing. New writers might worry about whether they can really make money as a writer, land a job with no experience, or be good enough to be published. Experienced writers might worry about meeting deadlines, submitting work for publication, or hung up on past negative experiences.

A number of writers are very comfortable working within their niche, but get nervous when trying something new. For example, a skilled technical writer might worry about writing white papers. On the other hand, a competent marketing writer might be anxious about publishing their first book. Students are often worried about being judged by other students or teachers.

Procrastination and writing anxiety

The uncomfortable feelings of anxiety and stress can lead to procrastination, which is the act of putting off an unpleasant or difficult task. This might look like not starting on a project or avoiding turning it in. 

Procrastination and anxiety create a vicious cycle. Anxiety leads to avoidance and putting off the task at hand. Procrastination steals the time you have to work on the task, making you more and more anxious about doing a good job with it. After a while, you get down to the wire and the extreme pressure forces you to get the project done. Tim Urban calls this the Panic Monster in his TED talk on procrastination .

What’s the problem with relying on the Panic Monster? Inevitably, you’re stressed out, you don’t have time to do your best work, and you start a habit that’s hard to break. The next time a project comes around, you won’t feel good about it, because you know that there’s months of anxiety — followed by a panic-fueled all-nighter — in your near future.

The best way to overcome writing anxiety is through practice and exposure to different types of writing situations. The more you learn to recognize emotional sticking points in your writing process, the more comfortable you’ll get with moving past them.

Writer’s anxiety vs. writer’s block

Writer’s anxiety and writer’s block are a little different from each other. However, both conditions can have a negative impact on one’s writing life and professional writing career.

Writer’s anxiety is the feeling of stress, panic, and fear that a writer experiences before they start a writing task. It can be caused by any number of factors, such as perfectionism, self-doubt, and lack of confidence.  People with writing anxiety often feel self-doubt and fear before writing. While writer’s anxiety can stop you from coming up with ideas or feeling inspired, it can happen even when you know what to write.

Writer’s block is the inability to produce words for a piece of writing or produce any content at all. It might be due to a lack of inspiration, frustration, exhaustion, or burnout. Even when you want to write, nothing comes to mind. It feels like something is stopping you from ‘going’ or generating ideas.

How to deal with writing anxiety

Dealing with writing anxiety requires two parts. The first is managing the symptoms of writing anxiety. That means, elimninating the queasiness, tension, and brain fog that often accompanies anxiety attacks. The second part is to find strategies that keep you moving forward, even when you’re stressed.

Here are a few tried-and-tested ways of overcoming writing anxiety:

1. Take a break

It might feel counterintuitive, but one of the best ways to combat writing anxiety is to take a break. Try taking a walk, eating a snack, or going for a coffee (decaf if you have the jitters!). 

When you’re up against a deadline, stepping away from the computer can sometimes trigger a bit of separation anxiety. You might feel like any time spent away from your project is time wasted. But the exact opposite is true. Many writers swear by the power of a short break to clear their minds and get the creative juices flowing again.

2. Structure before you start

Sometimes, putting full sentences together seems overwhelming. Instead of trying to craft a perfect paragraph, a cohesive piece, and a compelling narrative simultaneously, break it into parts. Start by outlining your piece, then doing some free writing around a section. This can help break up the overwhelming task of the entire writing project. Small sections can help focus your attention on what’s happening in the moment.

3. Set a timer

You know that miraculous state of flow you get into at the eleventh hour? Harness that creative power by giving yourself a little time pressure. Set a timer (you can decide for how long you want) and focus on word count, not great ideas. Don’t edit, and try not to stop. Everything’s good as long as you keep writing.

If you’re feeling particularly anxious, start with just five or ten minutes, then take a break. Doing this will help you build momentum and get past that blank page.

4. Change your format

If there’s a particular writing style you feel very comfortable with, try imagining your work from that perspective. For example, you could think of a blog post as a social media post (with a couple hundred extra words).

There’s no wrong way to do this exercise. The trick is to approach your writing from your strengths, no matter what they are. If you have to write an essay but you deal exclusively with fanfiction, put your creativity to the test. Try writing your essay as your main character, and see how many subtle references to your plot you can work in.

5. Make writer friends

I might be a little biased, but writer friends are the best friends. Not only do they love what you love and laugh at all your jokes, but they understand writing anxiety better than anyone else.

Whether you’re dealing with publishing jitters, writer’s block, or wondering if you can really make money writing full-time, you’ll benefit from a supportive community. Join a writing group in your area or connect with other writers through social media. You’ll find that you are not alone in your struggle. Having a writing buddy to chat with about the ups and downs of being a writer can make the stress feel much easier.

The symptoms of writing anxiety can feel overwhelming, but they don’t have to stand in your way. Learning to recognize them — and having strategies in place to overcome them — is a key skill for any writer.

About Allaya Cooks-Campbell

Allaya Cooks-Campbell is a blogger, web developer, professional copywriter, and content strategist who began publishing content online over fifteen years ago. Since then, her writing has been featured in publications such as Huffington Post, Today, Readers’ Digest, Motherly, Romper, Well+Good, Scary Mommy, and The Kitchn. She was a news editor for Health Digest and a guest editor at over a dozen brands for the parent company, Static Media. Eventually, Allaya grew to run and train a team of over 40 freelancers and staff at Explore as Senior Lead Editor. She also worked as a communications strategist for Cloudberry Creative, a New York-based experience design agency.

Today, Allaya is a full-time content strategist and editor. She is the founder of both Writing With Anxiety and her boutique content agency, Alaya Media.

Essay-writing phobia in undergraduates (Q69609109)

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116 Phobia Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Inside This Article

Phobias are an intense and irrational fear of something that poses little or no actual danger. They can range from common fears like spiders and heights to more unusual fears like peanut butter sticking to the roof of your mouth or fear of the color yellow. Phobias can have a significant impact on a person's daily life, causing anxiety, panic attacks, and avoidance of certain situations or objects.

If you're struggling to come up with a topic for an essay on phobias, fear not! We've compiled a list of 116 phobia essay topic ideas and examples to help inspire you. Whether you're writing a research paper, a personal essay, or a creative piece, there's sure to be a topic on this list that sparks your interest.

• The psychology behind phobias: causes, symptoms, and treatment options
• Common phobias: spiders, snakes, heights, and more
• Unusual phobias: fear of clowns, mirrors, or even the number 13
• Social phobias: fear of public speaking, social situations, or crowds
• Phobias in children: how they develop and how to help kids overcome their fears
• Phobias in adults: how they impact daily life and relationships
• Specific phobias vs. social phobias: differences and similarities
• Phobias and anxiety disorders: how they are related and how they differ
• The role of genetics in phobias: are they inherited or learned?
• Phobias and trauma: how past experiences can shape our fears
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy for phobias: how it works and its effectiveness
• Exposure therapy for phobias: facing your fears head-on
• Medication options for phobias: when therapy alone isn't enough
• Virtual reality therapy for phobias: a new approach to treatment
• The impact of phobias on mental health: anxiety, depression, and more
• Phobias and physical health: how fear can affect the body
• Phobias and relationships: how they can strain partnerships and friendships
• Overcoming phobias: success stories and strategies for recovery
• Living with a phobia: coping mechanisms and self-care tips
• The stigma of phobias: why they are often misunderstood or dismissed
• The history of phobias: how they have been perceived and treated over time
• The cultural aspects of phobias: how fears vary across different societies
• Phobias in literature and film: how they are portrayed and used for storytelling
• Phobias in art and music: how artists express their fears through their work
• Phobias and creativity: can fear inspire innovation and artistry?
• Phobias and gender: are women more likely to have phobias than men?
• Phobias and age: do fears change as we get older?
• Phobias and technology: the impact of social media, virtual reality, and more
• Phobias and the pandemic: how COVID-19 has influenced our fears
• Phobias and climate change: eco-anxiety and fear of the future
• Phobias and politics: how fear can be used as a tool for manipulation
• Phobias and religion: how faith can help or exacerbate our fears
• Phobias and philosophy: the existential dread of facing our fears
• The ethics of treating phobias: when is it appropriate to intervene?
• Phobias and personal growth: how overcoming fear can lead to self-discovery
• Phobias and resilience: how some people are able to thrive despite their fears
• Phobias and identity: how our fears shape who we are and how we see ourselves
• Phobias and spirituality: how faith can help us confront our fears
• Phobias and mindfulness: using meditation and mindfulness practices to cope with fear
• Phobias and self-compassion: how being kind to ourselves can help us overcome fear
• Phobias and perfectionism: the pressure to be fearless and its impact on mental health
• Phobias and imposter syndrome: feeling like a fraud in the face of fear
• Phobias and self-esteem: how fear can erode our confidence and sense of self-worth
• Phobias and body image: how fear of judgment and rejection can affect how we see ourselves
• Phobias and social media: the pressure to appear fearless and perfect online
• Phobias and vulnerability: how opening up about our fears can lead to connection and healing
• Phobias and shame: the belief that our fears make us weak or inadequate
• Phobias and courage: the bravery it takes to face our fears head-on
• Phobias and empowerment: reclaiming our power in the face of fear
• Phobias and control: the illusion of safety in avoiding our fears
• Phobias and acceptance: finding peace in the midst of fear
• Phobias and growth: the opportunity for personal development and transformation
• Phobias and change: how facing our fears can lead to positive transformation
• Phobias and connection: how sharing our fears can lead to deeper relationships
• Phobias and compassion: how empathy and understanding can help us overcome fear
• Phobias and forgiveness: letting go of past traumas and fears
• Phobias and gratitude: finding joy and beauty in the face of fear
• Phobias and resilience: the strength and courage it takes to face our fears
• Phobias and self-compassion: being kind to ourselves in the midst of fear
• Phobias and therapy: the benefits of seeking professional help for phobias
• Phobias and medication: when is it appropriate to use medication for fear?
• Phobias and exposure therapy: facing our fears head-on to overcome them
• Phobias and cognitive-behavioral therapy: changing our thoughts and behaviors to conquer fear
• Phobias and virtual reality therapy: a new approach to treating phobias
• Phobias and relaxation techniques: using relaxation and stress-reduction techniques to cope with fear
• Phobias and self-help: strategies and tips for overcoming fear on your own
• Phobias and support groups: finding community and connection in the face of fear
• Phobias and holistic healing: using alternative therapies like acupuncture and yoga to treat fear
• Phobias and nutrition: how diet and nutrition can impact mental health and fear
• Phobias and exercise: the benefits of physical activity for reducing fear and anxiety
• Phobias and sleep: how sleep and rest can help us manage fear and stress
• Phobias and creativity: how fear can inspire creativity and innovation
• Phobias and art therapy: using art and creative expression to heal from fear
• Phobias and music therapy: the healing power of music in facing our fears
• Phobias and dance therapy: using movement and dance to overcome fear
• Phobias and writing therapy: the therapeutic benefits of journaling and storytelling for fear
• Phobias and nature therapy: the calming and grounding effects of spending time in nature
• Phobias and animal therapy: the comfort and support that animals can provide in facing fear
• Phobias and aromatherapy: using scents and essential oils to calm anxiety and fear
• Phobias and crystal therapy: the healing properties of crystals in overcoming fear
• Phobias and energy healing: using Reiki and other energy healing modalities to treat fear
• Phobias and acupuncture: the benefits of acupuncture for reducing fear and anxiety
• Phobias and massage therapy: the relaxation and stress relief that massage can provide in facing fear
• Phobias and hypnotherapy: using hypnosis to uncover and heal deep-seated fears
• Phobias and neurofeedback: the benefits of biofeedback for managing fear and stress
• Phobias and breathwork: the calming and grounding effects of deep breathing in facing fear
• Phobias and visualization: using guided imagery to confront and overcome fear
• Phobias and EMDR therapy: the benefits of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for treating fear
• Phobias and somatic therapy: using body-based therapies to heal from fear and trauma
• Phobias and trauma-informed care: the importance of recognizing and addressing past traumas in treating fear
• Phobias and attachment theory: how early attachment experiences can shape our fears
• Phobias and self-esteem: the impact of fear on our sense of self-worth and confidence
• Phobias and stigma: the negative stereotypes and

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writing about phobias in essays

I’m wondering if this is too out-there for an essay topic.

I have emetophobia, a phobia of vomitting coupled with mild to moderate claustrophobia. I mean it–this is a full blown PHOBIA, a disease, the kind of thing that sets me crying and shaking and my heart racing if I feel the slightest bit ill or am around someone who’s sick. I work as a camp couselor with 3 to 5 year olds, and one day it was my job to take care of one who had the flu, which was a HUGE challenege for me–especially when she ended up vomitting on me! But I dealt with it and I want my essay to reflect how I found the courage to overcome my fear to help someone who needed me.

The problem is that I’m worried nobody will be able to relate. I mean, it’s unusual to be that scared of vomit and I don’t know if it will accurately convey how I really did overcome something that terrified me. Do you think adcoms won’t understand what a big deal this was for me? Do you think they’ll think I’m weird because of my phobia?

<p>Ummm, what are you hoping it says about you? I have to say though, you will be remembered…</p>

<p>I’m hoping that I can talk about overcoming my fears and finding a strength inside me that I was unaware I possessed to face something that terrifies me. It is akin to an essay about a kid who’s scared of heights learning to rapel down a 100 foot sheer rock cliff face. I’m hoping I’ll be able to convey that.</p>

<p>Haha, that’s a good point–being remembered is good.</p>

<p>I say go for it. I think being able to handle this situation is just like any other obstacle. You could have freaked out, but handling the situation responsibly really shows something</p>

<p>I take nothing personally on the net. It’s all about exchange of ideas.</p>

<p>“I want my essay to reflect how I found the courage to overcome my fear to help someone who needed me.”</p>

<p>semiserious, as long as this is the focus of your personal essay, you should be in good shape. Can you also tie this into why you want to go to college, your career goals, etc.? Don’t dwell on the emetophobia itself, but how your experience of overcoming your phobia will make you a better person and how it will help you make a contribution to society.</p>

<p>BTW, what are your college and career goals? Would you want to help others in hs or college deal with their phobias? Could you make this sound like something you would want to do as a research or community service project while in college?</p>

<p>The idea is to make your experience (and end result) with emetophobia work for you and not against you in your personal essay.</p>

<p>I’m not quite sure what my career goals are. My interests include film and moviemaking, writing, working with children, and medicine. I’d like to (in order of current preference, but I’m considering them all): make documentary films, become a pediatrician or obstetrian, become a kindergarten/pre-school teacher, or become a social worker.</p>

<p>Oh man, this is so funny, yet I feel so bad laughing about it.</p>

<p>Let me guess - you developed this phobia from watching The Exorcist?</p>

<p>If your funny, I’d definitely go for humor in this essay. It just sets you up so perfectly.</p>

<p>Haha, I was planning for a humorous take.</p>

<p>There are a few things that worry me here. First I agree this will be memorable, I would just worry they’ll call you vomit girl which may not be the way you want to be remembered.</p>

<p>Today there is much that can be done about phobias medically. To treat a phobia as you might a disability there is no help for does not make much sense. This is nothing that should cause a major struggle unless you can tell us you’ve tried the many medical approaches and just gave up to white knuckle it. Even so, how often do we encounter vomit if we’re not young mothers? It’s not excactly a major phobia.</p>

<p>I’m just not sure you can take this anywhere special.</p>

<p>Will people be able to relate: yes, if your essay is good, they will be able to relate. That is one of the points of your essay, conveying how you feel.</p>

<p>But: what are the alternatives? What else might you write about, and how do those possibilities compare with this? </p>

<p>Let’s set aside the vomit for a second and just look at a more common phobia: if you were afraid of heights, would you write an essay about how you were able to take a child to the observation deck of a tall building? My reaction to that is: well, that is a good thing, a significant thing, but is that the first or second most important and informative thing about you, the one thing you want colleges to know? </p>

<p>I am a strong believer in writing about what you want to write about. But I would ask you to consider whether this topic really gets to what is central about you, the first or second most important thing you have to say about yourself.</p>

<p>I think ADad put it well. It’s interesting, and if you’re careful will work well. you’ll certainly stand out, but consider if you have better alternatives. Basically, admissions are competitive everywhere these days, and only you know if you can spin this topic to show something that the admissions officers really, really want.</p>

<p>An aside - I noticed that you said you were considering medicine. With a phobia of vomit? To each their own and I wish you good luck : ) but according to what my mom told me from her experiences in medical school, a note of caution: hoardes of people veer away from medical school when they’re finally face-to-face with the rather gruesome and sticky realities of the profession…and these are people without phobias mind you…;)</p>

<p>Haha, I know. I’ve thought about that quite a bit, and is in fact the biggest reason I wouldn’t go into a career in medicine (that and the fact that I want to be a full-time mother eventually). But I am naturally fascinated with all things medical. I watch Discovery Health Channel nonstop. I excelled in Biology and I love dissections. I am just so organically interested in learning about medicine and the human body. I just feel like I’m wasting myself if I don’t go into medicine in SOME way.</p>

<p>Have you ever considered majoring in biochemistry with a goal of earning a PhD and doing research? You wouldn’t have to deal with all the icky stuff that you would encounter in medicine.</p>

<p>If it is original, go for it.</p>

<p>semiserious - ah, sorry, I misunderstood you. I assumed you meant a doctor, so I thought it sort of weird that you would consider it with your phobia. But yes, medicine is a very broad field, so I would keep looking if you feel a passion for it. : )</p>

<p>i don’t know…i think one about an ec you were really passionate about will better show your character. this is certainly going to make you stand out, but maybe not that favorably. </p>

<p>it could be great, especially if you put a humorous twist to it.</p>

<p>You love dissections? Wow. </p>

Home — Essay Samples — Nursing & Health — Mental Health — Fears And Phobias

Fears and Phobias

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82 Phobia Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best phobia topic ideas & essay examples, 🔍 good research topics about phobia, 👍 interesting topics to write about phobia, ❓ research questions about phobias.

• Anxiety and Phobia in Dental Settings: Theories and Their Relations While external factors may lead to the creation of the anxiety pattern in a patient, the subsequent dental treatment and procedures and their experiences may either exacerbate or altogether nullify the condition.
• Social Phobia: The Case Analysis Although the symptoms of acute stress disorder and paranoid personality disorder can be partly observed in Mr. So, the proof of acute stress disorder, paranoid personality disorder, and social phobia in Mr.
• Social Phobia and Stigma Treatment in Saudi Arabia In addition to the social factors, the causes of anxiety and phobic disorders include heredity, the individual characteristics of the nervous system, and the presence of congenital abnormalities.
• Old Age Phobia: Problems and Solutions Most of the countries of the world share the same view regarding the issue of the fear of aging. Thus, the perception of age is never well-received by the community and there is such a […]
• The Development of Phobias and Addictions On the other hand, addictions are the behavioral pattern that is characterized by either psychological or physical reliance on substances abuse which is known to have negative impacts on the health and the life of […]
• Social Phobia Issue Analysis From surveys of many individuals from across the United States and elsewhere, Ruscio and his colleagues found that 40% of individuals considered themselves to be chronically shy, to the point of it being a problem. […]
• Behavioral Treatment of Phobias One of the key concepts of CBT is that the source of a patient’s problems most likely lies inside the person, not outside. Therefore, further research should be initiated to improve the understanding of CBT […]
• Anxious Phobia Disorder Patients’ Brain & Behavior The improvement of the methods of spectral and multifractal analyses of the electroencephalogram has enabled scientists and psychologists to sort the chaotic and fractal dynamics of the brain associated with anxious phobia disorders.
• Specific Phobia: Major Psychiatric Disorder Moreover, the client loved going to school when she was a child because she did well in all of her classes.
• Learning Theories Explaining Elevator Phobia I have tried to fight the phobia, but whenever I am faced with the scenario where I am supposed to use the elevator, the memory of the fall becomes so clear, and my fear comes […]
• Conditioning in Phobias and Addictions In classical conditioning, Extinction of a behavior is induced by use of a positive reinforcement to the organism which escalates a response.
• Phobia in Operant and Classical Conditioning The process of classical conditioning encompasses an association between a behavior that is involuntary and a stimulus. This process sharply differs with that of operant conditioning where the association is between voluntary behavior and a […]
• Social Phobia: Causes, Symptoms and Signs It is generally associated with the way a person conducts him or herself in any social setting; in this case, an individual may be in a position of feeling very shy and / or lacking […]
• Psychological Problems: The Social Phobia For the achievement of the positive outcomes in restoring of social phobia, the specialists suggest to include the assessments of the life quality and life events in the psychological treatment procedures.
• Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Solving Social Phobia The third element “The situation is perceived as socially dangerous” is the cumulative effect of the trigger situation and the negative thoughts that the individual has accumulated about a particular situation and the perception by […]
• Aerophobia or Fear of Flying The main aim of the careful explanation of the positive reasons of recovering from the condition is to enable the victim to have a feeling of absolute calmness as the session winds up and to […]
• Blushing and Physiological Arousability in Social Phobia
• Phobia: Analysis of How It Affects Society
• Claustrophobia: Phobia and Frightening Airplane Experience
• Connecting Paranoia With Social Phobia, Eating Disorders, and Schizophrenia
• Phobia’s and Addiction Relating to Classical and Operant Conditioning
• Educational Phobia: How It Affects Education
• Erythrophobia: The Analysis of the Blushing Phobia
• The Differences Between Phobia and Panic Disorder
• The Problem of Exam Phobia Among High School Students
• Explaining Reasons People Might Develop a Specific Phobia
• The Relationships Between Faith, Self-Esteem, and Social Phobia
• Fear and Phobia: Social Anxiety Analysis
• Identifying Social Phobia: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prognosis
• The Relationships Between Phobia and College Student Fears
• The Problem of Islam-Phobia Under the Trump Administration
• Overcoming Social Phobia and Social Anxiety
• Overview of Three Most Common Phobias: Agoraphobia, Claustrophobia, and More
• Phobia: Phobias and Specific Activating Events
• Psychoanalytic and Behaviorism Explanations of Phobia of Darkness
• Social Phobia and Perfectionism: Theories, Types, and Models
• Psychological Reasons and Effects of Phobia Amongst Children
• Phobias: Effects and Treatments of Phobias
• Social Phobia Among Teenagers and Adults in America
• The Relationship Between Social Phobia and Fear of Public Speaking
• Social Phobia: How It Affects Children
• Phobias: The Cause, the Effect, and the Solution
• Analysis of the Effects of Phobias on People
• Subliminal Cues Bias Perception of Facial Effect in Patients With Social Phobia
• The Causes and Cure of Situational Phobia
• Social Phobia and Low Self-Esteem as Factors Behind Unhealthy Eating Behavior
• The Conscious and Subconscious Facets of a Phobia
• The Factors That Contribute to the Social Phobia
• The Millennial Generation Must End Islam Phobia
• Analysis of Causes and Disadvantages of Phobias
• Treatment Plan for Child’s School Phobia
• Understanding Social Phobia and Its Effect on People in the US
• What Shapes Europeans’ Attitudes Toward Xeno-Philia or Phobia
• Overview of Certain Strategies for Phobia Treatment
• The Netherlands on Combating Xenophobia and Racism
• Islamophobia in American Media: Cause or Result
• What Is a Phobia and How Does It Manifest Itself?
• What Shapes Europeans’ Attitudes Toward Phobia?
• How Do Phobias Differ From Ordinary Fears?
• What Kinds of Phobias Do People Commonly Develop?
• How to Portray Socioeconomic Factors as They Might Play a Role in Someone Having a Phobia?
• Are Phobias Genetic or Learned?
• What Symptoms and Behaviors Might Indicate a Phobia?
• How Can Therapy Treat Phobias?
• When Does Medication Make Sense for Phobia Management?
• What Age Has the Most Phobias?
• What Happens if Phobias Are Left Untreated?
• Who Is Most Likely to Get Phobias?
• How Can Utilizing Combinative Therapy Be Even More Helpful Than Just Administering One Method of Treating a Phobia?
• How Can a Blood or Injury Phobia Actually Cause a Dangerous Situation for That Person?
• Which Is the Most Common Type of Phobia?
• What Are the Complications Arising Due to Phobias?
• How Does Genetic Predisposition Play a Role in Whether or Not Someone Develops a Phobia?
• What Part of the Brain Develops Phobias?
• What Is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and How Do Mental Health Professionals Utilize It in Eliminating Phobias?
• What Are the Symptoms of Phobias?
• How Might Biofeedback, Deep Breathing Techniques, and Meditation Be Used in Conjunction to Help Treat Phobias?
• How Are Phobias Diagnosed?
• What Are the Causes and Risk Factors for Developing Phobia?
• Why Do Phobias Get Worse With Age?
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More From Forbes

College admissions trends: ai, college essays and going international.

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Arush Chandna is the co-founder of Quad Education .

Last year was a landmark year for college admissions. The Supreme Court’s end on affirmative action took center stage and conjured up the most confusion and uncertainty among colleges and students alike. But the year was also marked by other key developments—the first-ever rise in undergraduate enrollment since the pandemic, a dramatic bump in early admissions, finally ending the year with a thud—a series of events leading to the ousting of Harvard University President Claudine Gay on January 2, 2024.

With these developments at the altar, 2024 is looking no less than a beast of a year for college admissions. After all, it will be the first year where applications go through the admissions process without affirmative action. And other trends too will either make an entry or continue to have a significant impact this year. Let’s find out what’s in store in 2024.

Colleges And Universities Warming Up To AI

With the onset of AI, one of the biggest concerns was students using it to whip up their college application essays. But at the other end of the spectrum, we are seeing an increasing number of colleges and universities using AI in their admissions review process. In 2023, 50% of admissions offices in higher education reported using AI for reviewing applications, according to a survey from Intelligent . For 2024, 80% of officials in higher education said they would integrate AI into their review process this year. What’s AI being used for? Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder and the University of Pennsylvania developed a “ series of artificial intelligence tools that can scan through essays in college applications, picking out evidence of key personal traits.” These may include leadership and perseverance. According to the co-author of the study, these tools are not currently deployed at any institution but when done under the right conditions, have the potential to recognize applications that might have all the required traits but can still go unnoticed when evaluated by humans.

Those currently using AI, according to the Intelligent survey, report using it for reviewing transcripts and recommendation letters. Other popular reasons for using AI are reviewing personal statements, weeding out student essays written by AI, and conducting preliminary interviews with applicants. This confidence in using AI in admissions grew even in the short time between early and late 2023. So, it might be safe to say that admissions officials will continue to get comfortable with using AI while still having some reasonable ethical concerns.

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Universities can include an ethical component in the AI courses/curriculum, using an interdisciplinary method to ensure some semblance of rigor and an organized approach to this relatively new technology. Universities can partner with the government and industry to incorporate federal/industrial guidelines that should be implemented across all AI developments in the education space.

Students Striving To Write More Authentic Essays

The Supreme Court’s ruling to end affirmative action has caused a great deal of consternation among people of color in the nation. While there is no box to tick on applications anymore, students are left wondering if they should talk about race at all in their essays. As for university leaders, it means that they have to work harder to ensure a diverse campus—one that is reflective of real-time America. One way to do this for universities is to focus on varied aspects of the application to get a holistic picture—leadership, extracurricular activities, academics, community service and so on. At my company, even before the Supreme Court’s decision, we have encouraged students to represent their most authentic selves in their essays. What that means is if a student’s race, religion or culture has influenced who they are today, they should write about it but never lean on it as a sole indicator of any trait or quality. For example, if a student did not learn English in school and took the onus of teaching themselves to the level where they are an award-winning debater today, they must talk about it without worrying whether it provides an insight into their race because it highlights magnificent qualities valued by admissions officials.

Colleges and universities should consider including supplemental questions that spur this thinking among students and allow them to evaluate students holistically.

American Students Looking Outward

Many of our admissions consultants have recently observed an increased interest among students to explore destinations like Europe for their higher education—the reasons being a parallel academic experience at a fraction of the cost, reach and the added element of adventure. For example, while an undergraduate degree at Harvard costs a whopping $54,269 annually, Cambridge University’s tuition ranges from £25,734 to £39,162 annually . Students also save one year’s worth of tuition, as programs are typically three years long compared to four years in the U.S. Cambridge’s acceptance rate is also higher than Harvard’s 3% at 10%.

U.S. higher education must address the numbers of students who are defecting to colleges and graduate programs outside of the U.S. by determining if it is due to the higher costs of education or due to the perceived quality of higher education in the U.S. This research should/must include an assessment of relative cost to value: What is a degree worth when compared with the cost of paying off loans, etc. And how are global institutions keeping their costs competitive. Second, if the deflection is due to high costs, our U.S. campuses must work with the government to subsidize the cost of public colleges and universities while also ensuring that the degrees granted at each institution will provide a career path that will make students self-sufficient upon graduation.

Final Thoughts

In my experience as the founder of an ed tech business, I can say that college admissions never fails to excite. Tasked with the job of shaping students’ futures, this industry is constantly developing and presenting exhilarating challenges. Since the pandemic, many developments in this space have been monumental and will most likely continue to be so in the coming years. This year is promising to be another mega year with trends like a deeper integration of AI, thought-provoking college essays, the many implications of the end of affirmative action, students’ ever-intriguing aspirations around what they seek from the college experience and many more. It’s a year to watch out for.

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The Crisis of Disclosure on Our Campuses

As students reveal upsetting personal information to us, we must help them transform it in ways that become meaningful, writes Deborah J. Cohan.

By  Deborah J. Cohan

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When I started teaching in the mid-90s, student disclosure of terrifying and heartbreaking memories felt sacred. It was even before I heard the phrase “hold space,” but I realized that I was indeed being tasked with holding something carefully and gently. Simultaneously, I was attending to other students’ reactions so that the classroom could be an open and comfortable space for discussion of highly charged and complicated issues.

I even recall in 2002 having a student who shared that the reason she had enrolled in my family violence class was because she was insistent on breaking the cycle of it in her own family. Her grandfather killed her grandmother, her great grandfather killed her great grandmother, and her stepfather threatened her mother constantly. And my student, too, was abused by her stepfather, sexually, when her mother was working the night shift as a nurse. Not only did she share the horror of that, but she also shared another secret that felt equally brave: she had once considered folding rat poison into a casserole, hoping to kill him.

I read so many papers detailing family dynamics similar to this. And I remember trying to catch my breath as I was reading, letting my heart and my head catch up with each other.

The terror of it all gripped me, but perhaps what was the most compelling—and which had the strongest hold on me and still does—is the resistance that such students conveyed. It was also because of that resistance that I was able to help students make meaning of their experiences, most often by sharing with them sociological concepts and theories that would give language and voice to what they had endured.

Resistance can take many forms, and in my students, I’ve witnessed it in terms of writing and other art they’ve created and shared with me that wasn’t done for class but for the purpose of their own healing. I’ve also watched with profound admiration as students have organized events, rallies and concerts on the campus to assert their voices. Over the years, I’ve also invited some students back to speak at my classes about their experiences of survivorship, resistance and healing, and in so doing, newer students have seen them as real mentors.

A Different Context

Fast-forward to the present moment, and I’m struck by something else. I realize that I’ve come to think about student disclosure in a different way: It doesn’t look quite as brave anymore. Not because of anything that the students really did wrong, but because the social context for their sharing differs so significantly.

When I started to teach, students weren’t posting every hiccup of their private lives on social media, performing for the crowd. Nor were images of others doing that swirling around them. And they were talking about their struggles years before this country announced that young people were having a mental health crisis.

Nowadays, when students share, there’s a flattening to it that’s in keeping with their more overall flat emotional affect. Whereas students used to display great angst when disclosing things, they now share such information in a routinized, mundane way. I still hear about brutal transgressions that students have witnessed and endured in their lives, experiences that are every bit as horrific as years back. Yet, today they share it in a tone and cadence similar to how they tell me or their classmates what they ate for lunch. That steely cold reporting reveals the way that students are actively relying on and using what they know to be true in the culture. They are drawing on the messages that they know are concerning to adults.

While I don’t mean the word manipulating in a malicious way, students are indeed manipulating the language and the telling. For example, when students express themselves, they are not simply sad, they are depressed. They are not nervous, they are anxious. They are not having performance anxiety about an upcoming presentation or test, they are having full-blown panic attacks. Words like trauma even lack meaning now when people use it to describe anything and everything distressing, and we begin to lose sight of what those words truly mean.

Students announce in classes that they’ve attempted suicide. So hungry for a diagnosis, they’ll refer to themselves as having depression, anxiety or bipolar disorder, even if they’ve never sought counseling. In large classes, they very publicly report their diagnoses—self-proclaimed or offered by professionals—unlike students from years past, who spoke of such things in hushed tones in my office upon realizing they could trust me after a long conversation.

The Allure of the Reveal

These current students have quickly bought into a paradigm of disease—fully medicalizing any sort of feeling ill at ease. And in all our talk about the mental health of college students, nowhere are we really seeing an important discussion about what all this disclosure means and will mean going forward.

Judith Herman , whose groundbreaking work on incest changed the field of family violence and gave it new direction, refers to what she calls a crisis of disclosure. It describes what happens both when a survivor of sexual abuse goes through the process of disclosing a series of traumatic events and the fallout of that for not only the person but the constellation of the family in light of the secrets and silence. As a sociologist, I want to extend the idea of a crisis of disclosure beyond the family unit to see that we are now in the midst of a public crisis of disclosure on our college and university campuses.

But the concern isn’t just in the telling; it’s also in the way that meaning is lost. Catharsis is not enough. My former students from years back know this well. Disclosure was contextualized, and classroom concepts became a container for holding the sharing. Together with their peers, I’d push them to see the connections to what we were learning, as well as encourage them to take positive action in the form of volunteering, advocacy and social change.

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When I think about catharsis, I think back to when I was writing a book about caregiving for my adoring and abusive father, and people often asked if it felt cathartic to me. I found myself perpetually confused by the question as it seemed to reduce the writing of such a book into a series of tawdry diary entries or the like. So much more was at stake, and so much more was involved.

Of course, I trusted that the question was well-intended and that people asked because they wanted to know that I was OK—they wanted the reassurance of healing. And in some cases, they wanted to know if they themselves set out to write whether they, too, might be able to expect catharsis.

But the problem is that disclosure on its own may not be enough. Neither disclosure nor catharsis are enough. And that’s because the heart of the telling and the heart and art of the healing are firmly rooted in the meaning of the disclosure—or you might say the meaning-making of the catharsis.

As a culture, we are caught up in the allure of the reveal. We see this in happy events like a pregnancy announcement complete with a dramatic gender reveal. We also see it in the titillation that some people have revealing family secrets. But if the real purpose of revealing secrets is to break the silence and initiate a healing process, then what is most transformative goes far beyond the telling. It goes to the kind of acts of resistance and meaning-making that I’ve previously described.

And that’s where we as educators are responsible for not just holding space, but holding students accountable for what and how they share so that it is not gratuitous, but instead meaningful. By doing this, we help students move beyond the paralysis of despair and empower them to change the course of their lives; we walk our students to the farthest edge of courage, all the while helping to ensure that they don’t fall.

Deborah J. Cohan is professor of sociology at the University of South Carolina Beaufort and the author of Welcome to Wherever We Are: A Memoir of Family, Caregiving, and Redemption (Rutgers, 2020).

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How to cite ChatGPT

Use discount code STYLEBLOG15 for 15% off APA Style print products with free shipping in the United States.

We, the APA Style team, are not robots. We can all pass a CAPTCHA test , and we know our roles in a Turing test . And, like so many nonrobot human beings this year, we’ve spent a fair amount of time reading, learning, and thinking about issues related to large language models, artificial intelligence (AI), AI-generated text, and specifically ChatGPT . We’ve also been gathering opinions and feedback about the use and citation of ChatGPT. Thank you to everyone who has contributed and shared ideas, opinions, research, and feedback.

In this post, I discuss situations where students and researchers use ChatGPT to create text and to facilitate their research, not to write the full text of their paper or manuscript. We know instructors have differing opinions about how or even whether students should use ChatGPT, and we’ll be continuing to collect feedback about instructor and student questions. As always, defer to instructor guidelines when writing student papers. For more about guidelines and policies about student and author use of ChatGPT, see the last section of this post.

Quoting or reproducing the text created by ChatGPT in your paper

If you’ve used ChatGPT or other AI tools in your research, describe how you used the tool in your Method section or in a comparable section of your paper. For literature reviews or other types of essays or response or reaction papers, you might describe how you used the tool in your introduction. In your text, provide the prompt you used and then any portion of the relevant text that was generated in response.

Unfortunately, the results of a ChatGPT “chat” are not retrievable by other readers, and although nonretrievable data or quotations in APA Style papers are usually cited as personal communications , with ChatGPT-generated text there is no person communicating. Quoting ChatGPT’s text from a chat session is therefore more like sharing an algorithm’s output; thus, credit the author of the algorithm with a reference list entry and the corresponding in-text citation.

When prompted with “Is the left brain right brain divide real or a metaphor?” the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that although the two brain hemispheres are somewhat specialized, “the notation that people can be characterized as ‘left-brained’ or ‘right-brained’ is considered to be an oversimplification and a popular myth” (OpenAI, 2023).

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

You may also put the full text of long responses from ChatGPT in an appendix of your paper or in online supplemental materials, so readers have access to the exact text that was generated. It is particularly important to document the exact text created because ChatGPT will generate a unique response in each chat session, even if given the same prompt. If you create appendices or supplemental materials, remember that each should be called out at least once in the body of your APA Style paper.

When given a follow-up prompt of “What is a more accurate representation?” the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that “different brain regions work together to support various cognitive processes” and “the functional specialization of different regions can change in response to experience and environmental factors” (OpenAI, 2023; see Appendix A for the full transcript).

Creating a reference to ChatGPT or other AI models and software

The in-text citations and references above are adapted from the reference template for software in Section 10.10 of the Publication Manual (American Psychological Association, 2020, Chapter 10). Although here we focus on ChatGPT, because these guidelines are based on the software template, they can be adapted to note the use of other large language models (e.g., Bard), algorithms, and similar software.

The reference and in-text citations for ChatGPT are formatted as follows:

• Parenthetical citation: (OpenAI, 2023)
• Narrative citation: OpenAI (2023)

Let’s break that reference down and look at the four elements (author, date, title, and source):

Author: The author of the model is OpenAI.

Date: The date is the year of the version you used. Following the template in Section 10.10, you need to include only the year, not the exact date. The version number provides the specific date information a reader might need.

Title: The name of the model is “ChatGPT,” so that serves as the title and is italicized in your reference, as shown in the template. Although OpenAI labels unique iterations (i.e., ChatGPT-3, ChatGPT-4), they are using “ChatGPT” as the general name of the model, with updates identified with version numbers.

The version number is included after the title in parentheses. The format for the version number in ChatGPT references includes the date because that is how OpenAI is labeling the versions. Different large language models or software might use different version numbering; use the version number in the format the author or publisher provides, which may be a numbering system (e.g., Version 2.0) or other methods.

Bracketed text is used in references for additional descriptions when they are needed to help a reader understand what’s being cited. References for a number of common sources, such as journal articles and books, do not include bracketed descriptions, but things outside of the typical peer-reviewed system often do. In the case of a reference for ChatGPT, provide the descriptor “Large language model” in square brackets. OpenAI describes ChatGPT-4 as a “large multimodal model,” so that description may be provided instead if you are using ChatGPT-4. Later versions and software or models from other companies may need different descriptions, based on how the publishers describe the model. The goal of the bracketed text is to briefly describe the kind of model to your reader.

Source: When the publisher name and the author name are the same, do not repeat the publisher name in the source element of the reference, and move directly to the URL. This is the case for ChatGPT. The URL for ChatGPT is https://chat.openai.com/chat . For other models or products for which you may create a reference, use the URL that links as directly as possible to the source (i.e., the page where you can access the model, not the publisher’s homepage).

Other questions about citing ChatGPT

You may have noticed the confidence with which ChatGPT described the ideas of brain lateralization and how the brain operates, without citing any sources. I asked for a list of sources to support those claims and ChatGPT provided five references—four of which I was able to find online. The fifth does not seem to be a real article; the digital object identifier given for that reference belongs to a different article, and I was not able to find any article with the authors, date, title, and source details that ChatGPT provided. Authors using ChatGPT or similar AI tools for research should consider making this scrutiny of the primary sources a standard process. If the sources are real, accurate, and relevant, it may be better to read those original sources to learn from that research and paraphrase or quote from those articles, as applicable, than to use the model’s interpretation of them.

We’ve also received a number of other questions about ChatGPT. Should students be allowed to use it? What guidelines should instructors create for students using AI? Does using AI-generated text constitute plagiarism? Should authors who use ChatGPT credit ChatGPT or OpenAI in their byline? What are the copyright implications ?

On these questions, researchers, editors, instructors, and others are actively debating and creating parameters and guidelines. Many of you have sent us feedback, and we encourage you to continue to do so in the comments below. We will also study the policies and procedures being established by instructors, publishers, and academic institutions, with a goal of creating guidelines that reflect the many real-world applications of AI-generated text.

For questions about manuscript byline credit, plagiarism, and related ChatGPT and AI topics, the APA Style team is seeking the recommendations of APA Journals editors. APA Style guidelines based on those recommendations will be posted on this blog and on the APA Style site later this year.

Update: APA Journals has published policies on the use of generative AI in scholarly materials .

We, the APA Style team humans, appreciate your patience as we navigate these unique challenges and new ways of thinking about how authors, researchers, and students learn, write, and work with new technologies.

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

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