case study based questions on water resources class 10

Case Study Questions Class 10 Social Science Geography Water Resources

Case study questions class 10 social science geography chapter 3 water resources.

CBSE Class 10 Case Study Questions Social Science Geography Water Resources. Important Case Study Questions for Class 10 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions Water Resources.

Case Study 1:

Q1 Water Water everywhere, not a drop to drink? Comment Mark 2

Q2 Give reasons why rainfall rich states also face water scarcity problems?  Mark 1

Case Study 2:

Act as a place of tourism and so on.

Case Study 3 :

Dams  River

Kota Barrage Chambal

Case Study 4:

Case study 5:.

Rainwater harvesting must be seamlessly integrated into the each town’s climate resilience making plans. Huge progress has absolutely been made, the evolving landscape of Delhi, wherein urbanization and climate change intersect, amplifies the urgency of water conservation. The unwavering commitment of government concerned to this motive is as a result imperative. Rainwater harvesting must be seamlessly included into the town’s weather resilience planning.”

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Case Study Questions Chapter 3 Water Resources

Please refer to the Case Study Questions Chapter 3 Water Resources with answers provided for Class 10 Social Science. These solved case study based questions are expected to come in the Class 10 Economics exam in the current academic year. We have provided Case study for Class 10 Social Science for all chapters here. You should practise these solved case studies to get more marks in examinations.

Chapter 3 Water Resources Case Study Questions Class 10 Social Science

1. Read the source given below and answer the following questions:

Today, dams are built not just for irrigation but for electricity generation, water supply for domestic and industrial uses, flood control, recreation, inland navigation and fish breeding. Hence, dams are now referred to as multi-purpose projects where the many uses of the impounded water are integrated with one another. For example, in the Sutluj-Beas river basin, the Bhakra – Nangal project water is being used both for hydel power production and irrigation. Similarly, the Hirakud project in the Mahanadi basin integrates conservation of water with flood control. Multi-purpose projects, launched after Independence with their integrated water resources management approach, were thought of as the vehicle that would lead the nation to development and progress, overcoming the handicap of its colonial past. Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed the dams as the ‘temples of modern India’; the reason being that it would integrate development of agriculture and the village economy with rapid industrialisation and growth of the urban economy.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option.

(i) Which of the following multipurpose projects is found in the Satluj-Beas river basin? (a) Hirakud project (b) Damodar Valley Corporation (c) Bhakra Nangal Project (d) Rihand Project

(ii) Hirakund dam is built on which river? (a) Chenab (b) Mahanadi (c) Krishna (d) Satluj

(iii) For which of the following purposes were dams traditionally built? (a) For generating electricity (b) For supplying water to industries (c) For Flood control (d) To impound river and rain water for irrigation

(iv) Which one of the following is not an adverse effect of dams? (a) Interstate water disputes (b) Excessive sedimentation of Reservoir (c) Displacement of population (d) Flood control

2. Read the source given below and answer the following questions:

Many thought that given the disadvantages and rising resistance against the multipurpose projects, water harvesting system was a viable alternative, both socio-economically and environmentally. In ancient India, along with the sophisticated hydraulic structures, there existed an extraordinary tradition of water-harvesting system. People had in-depth knowledge of rainfall regimes and soil types and developed wide ranging techniques to harvest rainwater, groundwater, river water and flood water in keeping with the local ecological conditions and their water needs. In hill and mountainous regions, people built diversion channels like the ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’ of the Western Himalayas for agriculture. ‘Rooftop rainwater harvesting’ was commonly practised to store drinking water, particularly in Rajasthan. In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields. In arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rain fed storage structures that allowed the water to stand and moisten the soil like the ‘khadins’ in Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan. In the semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan, particularly in Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer, almost all the houses traditionally had underground tanks or tankas for storing drinking water.

(i) Agricultural fields which are used as rainfed storage structures are called: (a) Kuls (b) Khadins/Johads (c) Recharge pits (d) None of the above

(ii) In which of the following regions, people built ‘Guls’ and ‘Kuls’ for irrigation? (a) Northern Plains (b) Western Himalayas (c) Coastal areas (d) None of these

(iii) The diversion channels seen in the Western Himalayas are called: (a) Guls or Kuls (b) Khadins (c) Johads (d) Recharge pits

(iv) Underground tanks seen in Rajasthan to store rainwater for drinking is called: (a) Tankas (b) Khadis (c) Ponds (d) Kuls

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Hello students, we are providing case study questions for class 10 social science. Case study questions are the new question format that is introduced in CBSE board. The resources for case study questions are very less. So, to help students we have created chapterwise case study questions for class 10 social science. In this article, you will find case study for CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources. It is a part of Case Study Questions for CBSE Class 10 Social Science Series.

Table of Contents

Case Study Questions on Water Resources Class 10

Read the following passage and answer the questions:

RAINWATER HARVESTING

Many thought that given the disadvantages and rising resistance against the multi-purpose projects, water harvesting system was a viable alternative, both socio-economically and environmentally. In ancient India, along with the sophisticated hydraulic structures, there existed an extraordinary tradition of water harvesting system. People had in-depth knowledge of rainfall regimes and soil types and developed wide ranging techniques to harvest rainwater, groundwater, river water and flood water in keeping with the local ecological conditions and their water needs. In hill and mountainous regions, people built diversion channels like the ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’ of the Western Himalayas for agriculture. ‘Rooftop rainwater harvesting’ was commonly practised to store drinking water, particularly in Rajasthan. In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields. In arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rain fed storage structures that allowed the water to stand and moisten the soil like the ‘Khadins’ in Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan.

Q. 1. Why is water harvesting system a viable alternative? Ans. Rainwater harvesting is comparatively more economical, environmentally viable, and socially acceptable alternative, as compared to the construction of dams.

Q. 2. Describe the process of ‘rooftop rainwater harvesting’? Ans. Rooftop rainwater harvesting, is the technique through which rainwater is captured from the roof catchments and stored in reservoirs. Harvested rainwater can be stored in subsurface groundwater reservoir by adopting artificial recharge techniques to meet the household needs through storage in tanks.

Q. 3. Mention any two methods adopted by ancient India for water conservation. Ans. Methods adopted by ancient India for water conservation are: (i) Stepwells: Stepwells are examples of the many types of storages and irrigation tanks that were developed in India, mainly to cope with fluctuations in water availability. (ii) Tanks: Rainwater tanks collect stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces such as roofs, reducing the amount that enters our water ways.

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• Water: Some Facts and Figures
• Water Scarcity and the Need for Water
• Conservation and Management
• Multi-purpose River Projects and Integrated
• Water Resources Management
• Rainwater Harvesting

Around 75% of the surface of the earth is covered with water but freshwater is available in a very small proportion.

Water is a cyclic resource and is renewed through hydrological cycle. The freshwater is available as surface run off and groundwater.

The world’s water is present mainly in the oceans (97.5%) and freshwater (2.5%).

Water is unevenly distributed over the space and time due to the seasonal and landscape variation.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Water Resources Class 10 Case Study

Q1: what are case study questions.

A1: Case study questions are a type of question that presents a detailed scenario or a real-life situation related to a specific topic. Students are required to analyze the situation, apply their knowledge, and provide answers or solutions based on the information given in the case study. These questions help students develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

Q2: How should I approach case study questions in exams?

A2: To approach case study questions effectively, follow these steps: Read the case study carefully: Understand the scenario and identify the key points. Analyze the information: Look for clues and relevant details that will help you answer the questions. Apply your knowledge: Use what you have learned in your course to interpret the case study and answer the questions. Structure your answers: Write clear and concise responses, making sure to address all parts of the question.

Q3: What are the benefits of practicing case study questions from your website?

A3: Practicing case study questions from our website offers several benefits: Enhanced understanding: Our case studies are designed to deepen your understanding of historical events and concepts. Exam preparation: Regular practice helps you become familiar with the format and types of questions you might encounter in exams. Critical thinking: Analyzing case studies improves your ability to think critically and make connections between different historical events and ideas. Confidence: Practicing with our materials can boost your confidence and improve your performance in exams.

Q4: What are the important keywords in this chapter “Water Resources”?

A4: Important keywords for CBSE Class 10 Water Resources are given below: Watershed: The binding between two river systems. Baolis: One of the ancient ways of conservation of water. Underground Water: Water found under the beneath of the earth. Rainwater Harvesting: A technique of storing and conserving water. Scarcity of Water: Shortage of water as compare to its demand. Check Dam: A structure built across a river in order to restrain or use water. Dam: A barrier across the flowing water that obstructs, directs or retards the flow of water.

Q5: What is water scarcity? What are its main causes?

A5: Water scarcity means shortage of water as compared to its demand. Causes: (a) Unequal distribution of rainfall (b) Large and growing population (c) Over-exploitation of water (d) Wastage of water by people.

Q6: Why do we conserve water resources?

A6: (i) To safeguard ourselves from health hazards (ii) To ensure food security (iii) To protect natural ecosystem

Q7: Why has the water shortage problem aggravated in post-independence India?

A7: Intensive industrialisation and urbanisation witnessed in post-independence India have significantly contributed to the exploitation of available freshwater resources. Industries require huge supply of water for production, cooling of machineries and for power supply in the form of hydroelectricity. Ever increasing urban centres with large and dense population and urban lifestyles have increased the domestic water requirement and power requirement. Individual groundwater pumping devices in the housing complexes of big cities have aggravated the problem of depletion of water resources. Agricultural progress in the post-independence era has also led to water scarcity. Irrigation in different forms to increase agricultural production exploits the available surface and groundwater sources excessively. As a result of the above-mentioned reasons the water shortage problem has aggravated in post-independence India

Q8: What is rainwater harvesting?

A8: Rainwater harvesting is an efficient method of water conservation and management. The techniques of collecting and storing rainwater directly or recharging it into the ground through artificial means to improve groundwater storage is called rainwater harvesting.

Q9: ‘Large multi-purpose projects also lead to land degradation.’ Explain.

A9: Regulating and damaging of rivers affect their natural flow causing poor sediment flow and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of reservoir. Large reservoirs submerge large tracts of forests, flora and fauna. They also submerge soil leading to its decomposition over a period of time.

Q10: Explain the role of human in resource development

A10: Human is at the centre of resource development. Actually all resources become resources only when they are put to use by humans. It is human who makes natural things usable with the help of technology. Had no technology been there, development would not have been possible. There are regions where natural resources are in abundance but the regions are not developed, e.g., Africa. But if humans are developed, they make the region developed with technology, e.g., Japan.

Q11: Are there any online resources or tools available for practicing “ Water Resources” case study questions?

A11: We provide case study questions for CBSE Class 10 Social Science on our  website . Students can visit the website and practice sufficient case study questions and prepare for their exams.

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Case Study Questions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources

• Last modified on: 12 months ago
• Reading Time: 9 Minutes

Here we are providing case study questions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources

Case Study Question 1:

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:

RAINWATER HARVESTING

Many thought that given the disadvantages and rising resistance against the multi-purpose projects, water harvesting system was a viable alternative, both socio-economically and environmentally. In ancient India, along with the sophisticated hydraulic structures, there existed an extraordinary tradition of water harvesting system. People had in-depth knowledge of rainfall regimes and soil types and developed wide ranging techniques to harvest rainwater, groundwater, river water and flood water in keeping with the local ecological conditions and their water needs. In hill and mountainous regions, people built diversion channels like the ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’ of the Western Himalayas for agriculture. ‘Rooftop rainwater harvesting’ was commonly practised to store drinking water, particularly in Rajasthan. In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields. In arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rain fed storage structures that allowed the water to stand and moisten the soil like the ‘Khadins’ in Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan.

Q 1. Why is water harvesting system a viable alternative? Ans. Rainwater harvesting is comparatively more economical, environmentally viable, and socially acceptable alternative, as compared to the construction of dams.

Q 2. Describe the process of ‘rooftop rainwater harvesting’? Ans. Rooftop rainwater harvesting is the technique through which rainwater is captured from the roof catchments and stored in reservoirs. Harvested rainwater can be stored in subsurface groundwater reservoir by adopting artificial recharge techniques to meet the household needs through storage in tanks.

Q 3. Mention any two methods adopted by ancient India for water conservation. Ans. Methods adopted by ancient India for water conservation are: (i) Stepwells: Stepwells are examples of the many types of storages and irrigation tanks that were developed in India, mainly to cope with fluctuations in water availability. (ii) Tanks: Rainwater tanks collect stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces such as roofs, reducing the amount that enters our water ways.

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Tips to prepare for case study questions for class 10 social science.

Preparing for case study and passage-based questions in class 10 social science can be challenging, but it is important to remember that with the right approach, you can effectively tackle these types of questions. Here are some steps you can take to prepare for case study questions for class 10 social science:

• Understand the format of case study questions: Case study questions for class 10 social science usually require you to read a scenario or a passage and answer a set of questions based on it. These questions can be based on various topics like history, geography, economics, or civics.
• Read and analyze the case study or passage carefully: The first step in answering case study questions is to read the scenario or passage carefully. Try to identify the main idea or theme of the passage and note down any important details that you think are relevant. Pay attention to any maps, graphs, or charts that are included as they can be helpful in answering the questions.
• Identify the type of questions being asked: After reading the case study or passage, you should analyze the questions being asked. Try to identify the type of question, whether it is a factual question or an analytical question. Factual questions require you to provide specific details from the passage, while analytical questions require you to use your critical thinking skills to analyze the information presented in the passage.
• Use your textbook and notes: To prepare for case study questions for class 10 social science, it is important to have a thorough understanding of the topics covered in your textbook. Go through your notes and textbook to revise the relevant topics and concepts. This will help you to answer the questions more accurately.
• Practice sample questions: One of the best ways to prepare for case study questions is to practice answering sample questions. Try to find sample questions online or in your textbook and practice answering them. This will help you to get comfortable with the format of the questions and improve your speed and accuracy.

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Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources

October 1, 2019 by Sastry CBSE

Question 1. Give some facts and figures about the water resources in the world. Answer:

• 96.5 per cent of the total volume of world’s water is estimated to exist as oceans and only 2.5 per cent exists as fresh water.
• 70 per cent of the fresh water occurs as ice sheets and glaciers in Antarctica, Greenland and the mountainous regions of the world. Less than 30% is stored as groundwater in the world’s acquifiers.

Question 2. Explain how water becomes a renewable resource? Answer:

• Fresh water is mainly obtained from surface run off and ground water. This is continually being renewed and recharged through the hydrological cycle.
• All the water moves within the hydrological cycle making water a renewable resource.

Question 3. What percentage of global precipitation does India receive? Answer: India receives nearly 4 per cent of the global precipitation.

Question 4. Where is India ranked in terms of water availability per person per annum? By what year will India join countries having absolute water scarcity? Answer: India ranks 133 in the world in terms of water availability per person per annum. By 2025, large parts of India will join countries having absolute water scarcity.

Question 5. Give an estimate of India’s renewable water resources. Answer: The total renewable water resources of India are estimated at 1897 sq km per annum.

Question 6. Write three sources of fresh water. Answer: Three sources are:

• Precipitation — from rainfall.
• Surface water — in rivers, lakes, etc.
• Ground water — water stored in underground acquifers which gets recharged by rainfall.

Question 7. What is water scarcity? Write the main reasons for water scarcity. (2015) Answer: Water scarcity means shortage of water. It is usually associated with regions having low rainfall or drought prone areas. There are many other reasons which lead to scarcity of water. These are:

• Large growing population—means more water required for domestic use and also to produce more food.
• In the agricultural sector, water resources are being over-exploited to expand irrigated areas and dry-season agriculture.
• More water required for irrigation purposes to facilitate higher food production, i.e., for doing multiple cropping and for HYV seeds.
• There is greater demand for water with growing urbanisation and industrialisation.
• An unequal access to water among different social groups.
• The quality of water is deteriorating, i.e., getting polluted by domestic and industrial wastes, chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture.
• Excessive use of water by industries which also require water to generate hydro-electric power to run them.
• Over exploitation of water in the urban areas. Housing societies and colonies have their own ground-water pumping devices. This causes depletion of fragile water resources in the cities.

Question 8. How intensive industrialisation and urbanisation have posed a great pressure on existing fresh water resources in India? Explain with two examples for each. (2012) Answer: Intensive industrialisation and urbanisation have put greater pressure on existing fresh water resources. With the ever growing number of industries, the demand for water has grown tremendously:

• Industries are heavy users of fresh water as water is required for cooling the machines as well as for the processing of goods.
• Also the machines run on the power supplied by the hydel power plants.
• 22 percent of the total electricity is hydro-electric power.
• Rapid urbanisation has led to expansion of industries which increased the requirement of water.
• The untreated industrial effluents which are discharged into water bodies are polluting the water and making it hazardous for human consumption. This is responsible for creating water scarcity.

On the other hand, multiplying urban centres with:

• Large urban populations and
• urban lifestyles have not only added to water and energy requirements but have further aggravated the problem by over-drawing the groundwater by using their own groundwater pumping devices for meeting their water needs for domestic purposes such as cleaning, cooking, washing, etc. Thus, water resources are being over-exploited which has caused their depletion in several cities.

Question 9. Write the adverse effects of over-exploitation of ground water resources. Answer:

• Pumping out more water from under the ground may lead to falling ground water levels.
• It will adversely affect water availability.
• This, in turn, will affect our agriculture and food security of the people.
• Impoverishment of water resources may adversely affect the ecological cycle.

Question 10. Write the main causes of water pollution. Answer: Water gets polluted by:

• Domestic wastes, especially urban sewers.
• Industrial wastes are disposed off in the water without proper treatment.
• Chemical effluents from industries and from agricultural sector.
• Pesticides and fertilisers used in agriculture may get washed into rivers by rain-water and may pollute the water by enriching it with minerals.
• Many human activities, e.g., religious rituals and immersing of idols, etc. in the water also pollute water.

Question 11. What is the need for conservation of water resources? (2015) Answer:

• Our water resources are limited and our requirements are increasing day by day. The water resources are unevenly distributed.
• Most of our resources especially in the cities and urban areas are polluted and unsuitable for drinking and other purposes.
• To safeguard ourselves from health hazards.
• We need to conserve water for the continuation of our livelihoods and to prevent degradation of our natural ecosystem. To ensure food security and for continuation of our livelihoods.
• For productive activities of the nation.
• To prevent degradation of our natural ecosystem.

Question 12. Write some measures adopted for conservation of water resources. (2015) Answer: Measures for water conservation:

• Do not overdraw the ground water, recharge the ground water by techniques like rainwater harvesting.
• Avoid wastage of water at all levels.
• Do not pollute the water.
• Increasing the water resources by tapping the rainwater in reservoirs, watershed development programmes, etc.
• Adopting water conserving techniques of irrigation, e.g., drip irrigation and sprinklers etc., especially in dry areas. Sufficient water percolation facilities should be increased to help in raising the level of the water table.

Question 13. What were the different types of hydraulic structures constructed in Ancient India? Give examples. Answer: The different types of hydraulic structures were:

• Dams built of stone rubble e.g., during Chandragupta Maurya’s time, dams, lakes and irrigation systems were extensively built.
• Reservoirs or lakes like the Bhopal lake of the 11th century which was one of the largest artificial lakes of its time.
• Embankments and canals for irrigation. Sophisticated irrigation works have been found in Kalinga (Orissa), Kolhapur (Maharashtra), Nagarjunakonda (Andhra Pradesh) etc.
• Many tanks were built to store rainwater e.g., the tank in Huaz Khas in Delhi was built in 14th century to supply water to Siri Fort area.

Question 14. How was water conserved in ancient India? Give any four examples in support of your answer. (2012) Answer: Archaeological and historical records show that from ancient times India has been constructing sophisticated hydraulic structures like dams, reservoirs, embankments and canals for irrigation.

• For example, in the first century B.C., Allahabad had sophisticated water harvesting system channelling the flood water of the river Ganga.
• During the time of Chandragupta Maurya, dams, lakes and irrigation systems were extensively built.
• Sophisticated irrigation works have been found in Kalinga in Odisha, Nagarjunakonda in Andhra Pradesh, Bennur in Karnataka and Kolhapur in Maharashtra.
• Bhopal lake, built in the 11th century, was one of the largest artificial lakes of its time.
• In the 14th century, Iltutmish constructed a tank in Hauz Khas, Delhi for supplying water in Siri Fort area.

Question 15. What is a dam? Describe the functioning of dams? On what basis are dams classified into different types? Answer: A dam is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, directs or retards the flow, creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment. A dam is the reservoir and not the whole structure. Functioning: Most dams have a section called spillway or weir over which or through which, water will flow intermittently or continuously. Classification: Dams are classified according to structure, intended purpose or height.

• According to structure and materials used, they are classified as timber dams, embankment dams or masonry dams.
• According to height, they are classified as large and major dams, low dams, medium height dams and high dams.

Question 16. What is the main difference between traditional dams and modern dams? Answer: Traditionally dams were built to impound rivers and rainwater that could be used later to irrigate the agricultural fields.

Today, dams are referred to as multipurpose projects where many uses of the impounded water are integrated with one another. The main purposes served by these projects are irrigation, electricity generation, flood control, water supply for domestic and industrial use, fish breeding and tourism.

Question 17. Why are multipurpose river valley projects called ‘The Temples of Modern India’? Who first made this statement? (2014) Or Jawahar Lai Nehru proudly proclaimed the ‘dams as the temples of modern India’. Analyze this statement. (2013) Answer: Jawahar Lai Nehru proclaimed that multipurpose projects are ‘The Temples of Modern India’, because they were thought of as the vehicle that would lead the nation to development and progress. He believed that these projects with their integrated water resource management approach would integrate development of agriculture and the village economy with rapid industrialisation and growth of the urban economy.

Dams or multipurpose river valley projects have the following advantages:

• They bring water to those areas which suffer from water scarcity and also provide water for irrigation.
• These projects generate electricity for industries and our homes.
• They help in controlling floods by regulating the water flow.
• These projects can be used for recreation, inland navigation and fish breeding.

Question 18. ‘Construction of dams on rivers has caused environmental degradation.’ Give reasons to support this statement. (2015) Answer:

• Damming of rivers affects their natural flow causing poor sediment flow.
• Excessive sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoir.
• rockier stream bed and
• poorer habitat for the river’s aquatic life.
• Dams also fragment rivers, making it difficult for acquatic fauna to migrate, especially for spawning.
• The reservoirs submerge the existing vegetation and soil, leading to its decomposition over time.
• Flood plains are deprived of silt and khadar, affecting the fertility levels of the soil.
• Construction of dams also faces resistance because of large scale displacement of local communities.

Question 19. Multipurpose projects and dams have been the cause of many new social movements. Name two such social movements and write the underlying causes for these movements. Answer: Resistance to these projects came from social movements, e.g.,

• ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’ and
• Initially the environmental concerns were of utmost importance.
• Dams have resulted in large-scale displacement of local communities.
• Local people have to give up their land and livelihood.
• Local people do not benefit from such projects as they are even deprived of the local sources on which they have little control.
• Many settlements and agricultural lands are submerged under water.
• Rehabilitation of the displaced persons is now the prime concern of these movements.

Question 20. What are the social consequences of multipurpose projects? Or Multipurpose projects have transformed the social landscapes. Explain. Answer:

• Local people, especially the landless people, did not gain from these projects.
• It led to displacement of people which deprived the people of their land and livelihood.
• It has increased the social gap between the richer landowners and the landless poor.
• Dams created conflicts between people wanting different uses and benefits from the same water resources.
• Inter-state water disputes are also becoming common with regard to sharing the costs and benefits of the multipurpose projects.

Question 21. Explain any three problems faced by local communities due to the construction of large dams. (2017, 2013) Answer: Problems faced by local communities due to the construction of large dams:

• Local people do not benefit from such projects as they are even deprived of the local resources on which they have little control.

Question 22. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multipurpose river valley projects. Answer: Advantages:

Disadvantages:

• They have failed to achieve the purpose for which they were built.
• The dams that were constructed to control floods have triggered floods due to sedimentation in the reservoir.
• The big dams have mostly been unsuccessful in controlling floods at the time of excessive rainfall.
• These floods cause extensive soil erosion in addition to loss of life and property.
• Sedimentation deprives the flood plains of silt, a natural fertiliser.
• It was observed that these projects induced earthquakes.
• Floods cause water-borne diseases and pests.
• Results in pollution also.
• These river valley projects lead to large scale displacement of people and loss livelihoods.

Question 23. What percentage of total electricity produced comes from hydro-electricity? Answer: 22 per cent of the total electricity produced is from hydro-electric power.

Question 24. Name two multipurpose projects and the rivers on which they are respectively situated. Answer:

• Hirakud Project is situated on river Mahanadi in Orissa, and
• Bhakra Nangal Project is situated on river Sutlej.

Question 25. Give an example of an inter-state water dispute. Answer: Krishna-Godavari dispute. The Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh Governments objected to the diversion of more water at Koyna by the Maharashtra government for a multipurpose project as this results in reduction of downstream flow to Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh adversely affecting agriculture and industry in these States.

Question 26. Describe the traditional method of rainwater harvesting adopted in different parts of India. Answer: In ancient India, people developed wide-ranging techniques to harvest rainwater.

• In mountainous areas ‘Guls’ and ‘Kuls’ the diversion channels were built for agriculture.
• ‘Rooftop rainwater harvesting’ was commonly practised to store drinking water, especially in Rajasthan.
• Inundation channels for irrigation were developed in the flood plains of West Bengal.
• In arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rainfed storage structures, eg. ‘Khadins’ in Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan.
• In semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan, particularly in Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer, all the houses had underground tanks or ‘tankas’ built inside the house for storing drinking water. They were a part of the well-developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system.

Question 27. Explain how rooftop rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out. (2012) Or Write the features of the ’tankas’ built in the houses of Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer. Answer: ‘Rooftop rainwater harvesting’ was commonly practiced to store drinking water, especially in semi-arid and arid regions like Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer in Rajasthan.

• In semi-arid and arid regions, all the houses had underground tankas or ‘tankas’ for storing drinking water built inside the house. They were the part of the well-developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system.
• The tankas could be as large as a big room. One household in Phalodi had a tank that was 6.1 metres deep, 4.27 metres long and 2.44 metres wide.
• The tankas were built inside the main house or the courtyard.
• The tanks were connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe. The falling rain would travel down the pipes and get stored in the underground ‘tankas’. The first spell of rain would not be collected as it cleaned the roof and pipes. The rainwater from subsequent showers was collected.
• Many houses constructed underground rooms adjoining the tanka to beat the summer heat as it would keep the room cool.

Question 28. Write how modem adaptations of traditional rainwater harvesting methods are being carried out to conserve and store water. Answer:

• In modem times, rainwater harvesting is done in both rural and urban areas to recharge the groundwater by capturing and storing rainwater by constructing structures, e.g., dugwells, percolation pits, digging trenches around fields, etc.
• Rooftop rainwater harvesting structures are a common practice in many cities. Rain-water is collected using a PVC pipe and is filtered using sand and bricks.
• This water can be stored to meet the household needs through storage in tanks. This water is readily available for immediate usage.
• Excess water or a pipe can be connected to an underground reservoir which may recharge the ground-water through hand-pump or through abandoned dugwell. Later, this water can be drawn for varied uses.
• Storage tanks/reservoirs are built to store rainwater which is later used for irrigation purposes.

Question 29. Give a brief description of the ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’. Answer: Narmada Bachao Andolan or Save Narmada Movement is an NGO (Non-Governmental Organisation) that mobilised tribal people, farmers, environmentalists and human rights activists against the Sardar Sarovar Dam being built across the Narmada river in Gujarat.

• The movement originally focussed on environmental issues related to submerging of trees under the dam water.
• Recently its aim has been to enable the displaced poor people to get full rehabilitation facilities from the government.

Question 30. Which village in Karnataka has earned the distinction of being rich in rainwater? Answer: In Gendathur in Mysore, Karnataka, nearly 200 households have installed rooftop rainwater harvesting system.

Question 31. Name the state which has made rooftop rainwater harvesting compulsory. Answer: Tamil Nadu has made rooftop rainwater harvesting structure compulsory for all houses across the state.

Question 32. When does water stress occur according to Falken Mark, a Swedish expert? Answer: Water stress occurs when water availability is less than 1000 cubic metre per person per day.

Question 33. Name the unique irrigation system prevalent in Meghalaya. Answer: Bamboo Drip Irrigation System.

Question 34. Name two states where rooftop rainwater harvesting is common practice. Answer: Shillong, Meghalaya.

Question 35. What is the present condition of Indian rivers? Answer: India’s rivers, especially the smaller ones have turned into toxic streams. Even the bigger ones like the Ganga and Yamuna are slowly getting polluted.

Question 36. Mawsynram is the region of highest rainfall, yet it faces acute water shortage. Why? Answer: Mawsynram faces acute water shortage because the rainwater harvested is not sufficient to meet the needs of the people.

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CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions - Chapter 3 Water Resources

Water Resources Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Important Questions - FREE PDF Download

From Chapter 3, Water Resources Class 10 Important Questions and Answers help students prepare well for exams by practising and understanding key concepts. To understand more about water scarcity and ways to conserve water, refer to CBSE Water Resources Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Important Questions. We've put together important questions from this chapter to help students review and prepare for exams.

Practising Class 10 Geography Important Questions will help students understand key topics and perform better in their exams. This preparation can help students improve their scores in Social Science. With FREE PDF notes that match the updated CBSE Class 10 Social Science Syllabus , students can easily study and review the material to improve their exam performance.

Access the Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Important Questions and Answers Water Resources

1. From your everyday experiences, write a short proposal on how you can conserve water.

Ans: To conserve water in our daily lives, we should adopt simple practices that can make a big difference. Small changes in how we use water can help reduce waste and ensure we use this important resource wisely.

Fix Leaks : Regularly check and repair any leaks in faucets, toilets, and pipes.

Shorten Showers : Take shorter showers and use a water-saving showerhead.

Turn Off Taps : Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth, washing your hands, or doing dishes.

Use Water-Efficient Appliances : Choose dishwashers and washing machines that use less water.

Collect Rainwater : Use rain barrels to collect rainwater for watering plants and gardens.

By making these changes, we can help save water and use it more efficiently.

2. What are dams and how do they help us in conserving and managing water?

Ans: Dams are large structures built across rivers or streams to store water and control its flow. They help in managing water resources by creating reservoirs, which can be used for various purposes such as drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectric power.

Here’s how dams help in conserving and managing water:

Water Storage: Dams create reservoirs that store excess water during rainy seasons, which can be used during dry periods.

Flood Control: By regulating the flow of water, dams help reduce the risk of floods downstream.

Irrigation: Stored water can be released to irrigate agricultural land, ensuring a steady supply of water for crops.

Hydroelectric Power: Dams generate electricity by harnessing the energy of flowing water, contributing to renewable energy sources.

3. Explain about Narmada Bachao Andolan or Save Narmada Movement.

Ans: The Narmada Bachao Andolan (Save Narmada Movement) is a social and environmental campaign that began in the 1980s in India. It aims to prevent the construction of large dams on the Narmada River, which activists argue displace local communities and harm the environment.

Key points:

Purpose: The movement seeks to protect the rights of people affected by the Narmada Valley Development Project, which includes the Sardar Patel Dam.

Key Figures: Led by Medha Patkar and supported by various social and environmental groups.

Impact: The campaign has raised awareness about the negative effects of large dams, including displacement of indigenous people and environmental degradation.

Outcome: It has led to revisions in policies regarding displacement and environmental management in India.

4. Basic safety precautions to be taken during floods.

Ans: During floods, staying safe is very important. First, don’t walk or drive through flooded areas, as the water can be deeper and stronger than it looks. Always keep up with weather updates and emergency alerts.

Here are some basic safety tips:

Move to higher ground if you are in a flood area.

Stay away from electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in water.

Do not drink flood water as it may be dirty.

Avoid contact with floodwater to stay clear of dangerous debris.

Follow evacuation orders and return home only when it is safe.

5. Based on the information given below, classify each of the situations as ‘suffering from water scarcity’ or ‘not suffering from water scarcity’.

(a) Region with high annual rainfall.

(b) Region having high annual rainfall and large population.

(c) Region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted.

(d) Region having low rainfall and low population

Ans: Water scarcity isn’t just about how much it rains; it also depends on factors like pollution and population.

A region with high annual rainfall usually does not suffer from water scarcity because it gets plenty of water.

But if a region has high rainfall and a large population, it can suffer from water scarcity. The large population might use up more water than what is available, causing a shortage.

If a region has high rainfall but the water is polluted, it suffers from water scarcity. Even though there is a lot of rain, the water is not clean and usable.

A region with low rainfall and a low population typically does not suffer from water scarcity. The small population means the limited water supply is usually enough.

6. What are the main causes of water scarcity?

Ans: Water scarcity is caused by several factors. Even though water is renewable, it isn’t always available where needed due to overuse and pollution.

The main causes of water scarcity are:

Overuse: Taking more water than can be naturally replaced for farming, industry, and homes.

Pollution: Contamination from chemicals and waste makes water unsafe to use.

Climate Change: Weather changes can lead to droughts and less water.

Population Growth: More people need more water, which puts a strain on supplies.

Poor Management: Inefficient use and management of water resources can worsen the problem.

7. Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out.

Ans: Rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan is crucial for managing water scarcity. In these areas, where rainfall is limited and irregular, people use various techniques to capture and store rainwater for later use.

Traditional Methods : Farmers build small ponds called "talabs" or "kunds" to collect rainwater.

Roof Harvesting : Rainwater is collected from rooftops and directed into storage tanks or underground pits.

Check Dams : Small barriers are constructed across streams to slow down and capture rainwater.

Jal Mandir : Special structures are built to collect and store water from springs and other sources.

Water Conservation Practices : Techniques such as spreading sand and gravel to slow water flow and improve infiltration are used to maximise water storage.

These methods help in efficiently using the limited rainfall and improving water availability.

8. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multi-purpose river projects.

Ans: Multi-purpose river projects are designed to serve various functions such as irrigation, hydroelectric power, and flood control. These projects can provide numerous benefits but also have their drawbacks.

Advantages:

Irrigation : They provide water for agriculture, increasing crop yields and supporting farmers.

Hydroelectric Power : They generate electricity, which helps meet the energy needs of growing populations.

Flood Control : They reduce the risk of floods by controlling river flow and storing excess water.

Water Supply : They offer a reliable source of drinking water for communities.

Disadvantages:

Environmental Impact : These projects can harm local ecosystems and wildlife.

Displacement : They may force people to leave their homes and relocate.

Cost : They require significant investment and maintenance costs.

Siltation : They can become less effective over time due to silt buildup.

9. Explain about a multi-purpose river valley project. Give its objectives.

Ans: The multi-purpose river valley project is a major initiative aimed at harnessing the potential of river valleys for various uses. By building dams and creating reservoirs, these projects help in managing water resources more effectively and support multiple needs.

Objectives:

Irrigation : Provide water for farming to increase agricultural productivity.

Hydroelectric Power : Generate electricity from water to meet energy needs.

Flood Control : Manage river flow to prevent floods and protect communities.

Drinking Water Supply : Ensure a steady supply of clean water for people.

Recreation : Create lakes and recreational areas for public enjoyment.

Navigation : Improve waterways for easier transportation and trade.

These projects aim to address multiple challenges and contribute to overall development.

10. ‘‘Urbanisation has added to water scarcity.’’ Support the statement with arguments.

Ans: Urbanisation has made water scarcity worse. As cities grow, they need more water for people, businesses, and infrastructure. This increased demand can outstrip the available water supply, causing shortages.

More Demand: Cities use more water for drinking, cleaning, and industry, which puts stress on local water sources.

Pollution: Urban areas produce a lot of waste that can pollute water sources. Chemicals and sewage can make rivers and lakes unsafe to use.

Land Use: Building cities often means covering natural land with concrete, which prevents water from soaking into the ground. This reduces the amount of water that can replenish underground sources.

Overuse: To meet city needs, we often take water from sources faster than they can refill, leading to lower water levels.

11. ‘‘Water harvesting system is an effective measure to reduce the problem of water scarcity.’’ Justify the statement.

Ans: Water harvesting helps solve the problem of water scarcity by collecting and storing rainwater. This method ensures a steady water supply, especially in areas where freshwater is hard to find. It also helps refill groundwater supplies, making water available during dry times.

Benefits of Water harvesting:

Increases water supply: Collecting rainwater adds to the amount of water available.

Reduces dependence: Less need for distant or costly water sources.

Replenishes groundwater: Stored rainwater helps refill underground water sources.

Lowers flood risk: Capturing rainwater reduces surface runoff, which can cause flooding.

Saves money: Cuts costs for getting and treating water.

12. Give the sources of freshwater in India.

Ans: In India, freshwater comes from different sources that are very important for daily life. The main sources are rivers, lakes, and groundwater.

Rivers: Major rivers like the Ganges, Yamuna, and Brahmaputra provide a lot of freshwater.

Lakes: Lakes such as Dal Lake and Vembanad help store and supply water.

Groundwater: Water from wells and underground sources is used for drinking and farming.

Rainwater: Rain during the monsoon season helps refill rivers and lakes.

Snow and Glaciers: Snow from the Himalayas melts and feeds rivers, especially in dry times.

13. Explain the need for rainwater harvesting in India. How is it useful? Explain the mechanism with a diagram.

Ans: Rainwater harvesting is crucial in India due to the country's uneven rainfall and frequent water shortages. Collecting and storing rainwater helps ensure a reliable water supply for various needs.

Here’s how it works:

Collection: Rainwater is captured from roofs or open areas through pipes and channels.

Conveyance: The water is directed through pipes to a storage tank or pit.

Storage: The collected water is stored in tanks or underground reservoirs.

Filtration: Before use, the water is filtered to remove impurities.

Usage: The filtered rainwater is used for drinking, irrigation, and other purposes.

This system helps reduce dependence on groundwater and provides a sustainable water source, especially in dry regions.

14. Is it possible that an area or region may have ample water resources but is still facing water scarcity?

Ans: Yes, it is possible for a region to have plenty of water resources and still face water scarcity. This can happen if the water is not easily accessible or polluted. For example, a region might have large rivers or lakes, but if the infrastructure to deliver water to people is poor, or if the water quality could be better, people may need more clean water.

Here are some reasons why this can occur:

Pollution: Contaminated water is not safe to use.

Overuse: Excessive use of water can deplete resources.

Climate Change: Changes in weather patterns can affect water availability.

Poor Infrastructure: Inadequate systems can limit access to water.

15. What are the advantages of building dams? Mention 4 points.

Ans: Building dams offers several significant benefits. They help manage water resources and support various activities that benefit communities. Here are four key advantages:

Water Storage: Dams store water during rainy seasons, which can be used during dry periods. This helps ensure a reliable water supply throughout the year.

Flood Control: By controlling the flow of water, dams can reduce the risk of flooding in downstream areas, protecting homes and farmland.

Hydroelectric Power: Dams can generate electricity by using the energy of flowing water, providing a source of clean, renewable energy.

Irrigation: Stored water can be used for irrigation, helping to support agriculture and increase food production.

These benefits make dams crucial for managing water resources and supporting various needs in different regions.

16. Mention the states, where the practice of ‘rooftop water harvesting’ is largely practised.

(a) Rajasthan

(c) Madhya Pradesh

Ans: Rooftop water harvesting is widely practised in Rajasthan and Assam. In these states, collecting rainwater from rooftops helps manage water scarcity and ensures a steady supply of water.

Other states where rooftop water harvesting is also practised include:

Madhya Pradesh: Here, it helps in saving water for agricultural and domestic use.

Kerala: This state uses rooftop water harvesting to address water shortages, especially in rural areas.

17. Mention the disadvantages of building large dams. Mention 4 points.

Ans: Building large dams has several problems. They can force people and animals to move because the water floods a large area. This flooding can destroy farmland and harm the local environment. Also, building and maintaining these dams is very costly.

Disadvantages of Large Dams:

Displacement: People and wildlife may need to move.

Environmental Impact: Flooding can harm natural habitats.

High Costs: It is expensive to build and upkeep.

Sedimentation: Sediment build-up can reduce the dam's usefulness over time.

18. Analyse the impact of water scarcity.

Ans: Water scarcity leads to serious issues. Without enough clean water, people can get sick from diseases. It also affects farming because there isn’t enough water for crops. Economically, it can hurt businesses and local economies. Additionally, not having enough water can cause conflicts between different groups or countries.

Impact of Water Scarcity:

Health Issues: Lack of clean water can cause diseases.

Agricultural Loss : Less water means lower crop production.

Economic Problems: Water shortages can harm businesses and economies.

Conflict: Limited water can lead to disputes between people or countries.

19. Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed dams as the ‘temples of modern India’. Explain.

Ans: Jawaharlal Nehru referred to dams as the ‘temples of modern India’ because he saw them as vital to the country's development and modernization. Dams were not just structures for storing water; they represented the promise of progress and prosperity. Nehru believed that dams would play a crucial role in harnessing water resources, which would enhance agricultural productivity, provide a reliable water supply for drinking and industrial use, and stimulate economic growth. In Nehru's view, these engineering marvels were symbols of India's move towards a modern, self-sufficient nation, transforming both its landscape and its economy.

20. Name two techniques of rooftop water harvesting.

Rooftop Catchment System: This involves collecting rainwater directly from rooftops using pipes and channels. The rainwater is directed into storage tanks or reservoirs for future use, such as irrigation or drinking water.

Gutter and Downspout System: Rainwater is collected through gutters installed along the edges of the roof and is channelled through downspouts into storage tanks or barrels. This method helps to efficiently gather and store rainwater for later use.

21. How have intensive industrialisation and urbanisation put great pressure on the existing freshwater resources in India? Explain?

Ans: Intensive industrialisation and urbanisation have put significant pressure on India's freshwater resources. As cities and industries expand, they consume more water for various needs like cooling systems, production, and daily activities. This increased demand often leads to the overuse of rivers, lakes, and groundwater. Additionally, industrial activities can pollute water sources, further reducing the availability of clean water. The growing population in urban areas also leads to more wastewater, which can strain existing water treatment facilities and affect water quality.

22. On which river, the Hirakud dam was constructed?

The Hirakud Dam is constructed on the Mahanadi River.

It is situated in the state of Odisha, India.

The dam is one of the longest earthen dams in the world.

It was built to control floods, provide irrigation for agriculture, and generate hydroelectric power.

The project also helps in creating a reservoir that supports fishery and recreation activities.

23. Explain how water becomes a renewable resource.

Ans: Water is considered a renewable resource because it is constantly being replenished through natural processes. When it rains, water falls back to Earth, refilling lakes, rivers, and groundwater supplies.

Here’s how water renews itself:

Evaporation: Water from oceans, rivers, and lakes turns into vapour and rises into the air.

Condensation: The water vapour cools down and forms clouds.

Precipitation: Water falls from the clouds as rain, snow, or hail.

Runoff and Infiltration: Rainwater flows over the ground and soaks into the soil, replenishing groundwater.

This cycle keeps water moving and available, but human activities and climate change can disrupt it, leading to water scarcity.

24. What are the impacts of over-exploitation of water resources?

Ans: Over-exploitation of water resources happens when we use water faster than it can be replenished. This can lead to several negative effects on the environment and society.

Here are the impacts:

Depletion of Water Sources : Rivers, lakes, and groundwater levels drop, leading to reduced water availability.

Loss of Ecosystems : Aquatic plants and animals lose their habitats, disrupting ecosystems.

Increased Pollution : The concentration of pollutants rises as less water is available to dilute waste.

Reduced Agricultural Productivity : Less water for irrigation can lead to lower crop yields and food shortages.

Water Conflicts : Competition for scarce water can cause disputes between regions and countries.

Economic Costs : Managing water shortages can be expensive and affect industries that rely on water.

These effects highlight the importance of using water resources wisely and sustainably.

25. Explain the concept of rainwater harvesting and its benefits.

Ans: Rainwater harvesting involves collecting and storing rainwater for later use. This can be done using tanks, barrels, or special collection systems. Benefits include reducing the demand for traditional water sources, providing water for irrigation, and decreasing the risk of flooding. It helps conserve water and can be a sustainable solution for areas with limited water supply.

26. Discuss the role of rivers in providing water resources and how their use can lead to conflicts.

Ans: Rivers are crucial sources of water for drinking, agriculture, and industry.

They support ecosystems and provide livelihoods for many people. 

However, conflicts can arise when different regions or countries share a river.

Disputes may occur over water rights, pollution, and dam construction. 

Managing shared rivers requires cooperation to balance the needs of all stakeholders and protect the river's health.

27. What is the water cycle? Illustrate and explain its different stages.

Ans: The water cycle describes how water moves through the environment. It has four main stages:

Evaporation : Water from oceans, lakes, and rivers turns into vapour and rises into the atmosphere.

Condensation : Water vapour cools and forms clouds.

Precipitation : Clouds release water as rain, snow, or sleet.

Collection : Water flows back into rivers, lakes, and oceans, ready to start the cycle again.

This cycle helps distribute water across the planet and supports life.

Important Topics of Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources

Chapter 3 Water Resources covers key aspects of water resources, including their importance and how they are distributed. It also explores the challenges related to water use and conservation.

Benefits of Learning with Water Resources Class 10 Important Questions and Answers

Water Resources Class 10 Important Questions and Answers PDF helps students understand key concepts, making them more likely to perform well in exams.

Students learn the importance of saving water, which helps them use resources more responsibly.

Answering these questions clarifies important topics like the water cycle and conservation methods, enhancing overall knowledge.

Studying conservation measures like afforestation and wildlife sanctuaries empowers students to contribute actively to environmental sustainability.

Understanding issues like water scarcity prepares students to contribute to solutions in their communities.

Knowledge of water resources gives awareness of how human actions affect the environment and encourages sustainable practices.

Studying Chapter 3 on Water Resources is crucial as it explains the various sources of freshwater, the importance of conserving water, and the problems related to water scarcity. Understanding these issues helps us take steps to protect and manage our water resources effectively. Actions such as saving water, supporting rainwater harvesting, and reducing pollution are essential. For more assistance with Geography, explore Vedantu's live classes and study materials. Begin learning and contributing to water conservation today. Check out Vedantu for resources and live classes to score in Geography.

Important Study Materials for Class 10 Geography Chapter 3

CBSE Class 10 Geography Other Chapter-wise Important Questions

Additional Study Materials for Class 10 Geography

FAQs on CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions - Chapter 3 Water Resources

1. Why should I refer to important questions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Important Questions?

Important questions focus on the main topics you need to know. They show what is likely to be on the exam. By studying these questions, you will understand what to expect and be better prepared to answer them.

2. How do Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Important Questions help with exam preparation?

They point out the key areas you should study. Practising these questions helps you get a clear understanding of these topics. This makes you feel more ready and confident for the exam.

3. What topics do the Geography Chapter 3 Important Questions and Answers cover?

Important questions cover topics like water scarcity, sources of freshwater, and the water cycle. They also include questions about how to save water and related issues. This helps you learn all the important parts of the chapter.

4. How often do similar questions appear in exams from Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Important Questions?

Questions similar to the important ones often appear in exams. Practising these helps you get familiar with the type of questions you might see. This makes it easier for you to handle the questions during the actual exam.

5. Should I only study the Water Resources Class 10 Important Questions and Answers?

Important questions are helpful, but you should also read the whole chapter. Understanding all the content will give you a better grasp of the topic. Using both methods will help you do well in the exam.

6. How can I use the Water Resources Class 10 Important Questions and Answers PDF effectively?

Practise them regularly and check your answers carefully. Make sure you understand why your answers are right or wrong. This way, you can learn the key points and remember them better.

7. What are common issues related to water resources that Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Important Questions address?

Common issues include not having enough water, water pollution, and overuse. Important questions help you understand these problems and their effects. This knowledge is important for managing and saving water.

8. Can Water Resources Class 10 Important Questions and Answers PDF help in understanding complex topics?

Yes, they make complex topics easier to understand. By focusing on these questions, you can grasp difficult ideas more simply. This helps you learn and remember important information better.

9. How do previous year's questions help in preparation?

Previous year questions show what types of questions have been asked before. Practising these helps you get used to the exam format and style. This preparation makes you feel more comfortable with what to expect.

10. What should I do if I find a previous year's question difficult in Chapter 3 Geography?

Look back at the related chapter sections and try similar questions. If you still have trouble, ask for help or use other study materials. This will help you understand the topic better.

11. How can I find the previous year's questions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 3?

You can find them in past exam papers, educational websites, or study guides. These resources often include questions from previous years. They help you see what kind of questions might be on your exam.

12. Why is it important to practise the previous year's questions?

Practising the previous year's questions helps you get used to the exam format. It also helps you manage your time better during the exam. This practice makes you more prepared and confident.

Water Resources

Class 10 - ncert geography contemporary india 2 solutions, multiple choice questions.

Based on the information given below classify each of the situations as ‘suffering from water scarcity’ or ‘not suffering from water scarcity’.

• Region with high annual rainfall.
• Region having high annual rainfall and large population.
• Region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted.
• Region having low rainfall and low population.

Which one of the following statements is not an argument in favour of multi-purpose river projects?

• Multi-purpose projects bring water to those areas which suffer from water scarcity.
• Multi-purpose projects by regulating water flow helps to control floods.

Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.

• Multi-purpose projects generate electricity for our industries and our homes.

Here are some false statements. Identify the mistakes and rewrite them correctly.

• Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have helped in proper utilisation of water resources.
• Regulating and damming of rivers does not affect the river's natural flow and its sediment flow.
• In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were not agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
• Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater water harvesting has gained popularity despite high water availability due to the Indira Gandhi Canal.
• Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have added to water requirement and further aggravated the problem.
• Regulating and damming of rivers affect the river's natural flow and its sediment flow.
• In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were agitated and almost caused a riot when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
• Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater water harvesting is declining because of high water availability due to the Indira Gandhi Canal.

Answer in about 30 words

Explain how water becomes a renewable resource.

Water becomes a renewable resource because it is naturally replenished through the hydrological cycle. The water on earth is converted into water vapour that form clouds. The clouds become heavier and water comes back to earth in form of precipitation.

What is water scarcity and what are its main causes?

Insufficiency of fresh water to meet the basic needs like drinking, washing and bathing etc. is called scarcity of water.

Main causes of water scarcity are:

• Growing population.
• Water pollution.
• Climate change.
• Inefficient water management and water harvesting techniques.

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multi-purpose river projects.

Advantages of multi-purpose river projects :

• Provides water to drought prone areas suffering from water scarcity.
• Flood control.
• Electricity generation.

Disadvantages of multi-purpose river projects :

• Large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.
• Alters the natural flow of rivers.
• Affects aquatic fauna.

Answer in about 120 words

Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out.

In arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural fields are converted into rain fed storage structures that allow the water to stand and moisten the soil like the 'Khadins' in Jaisalmer and 'Johads' in other parts of Rajasthan. In areas of Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer, almost all the houses traditionally had underground tanks or tankas for storing drinking water. These tankas were part of the well-developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system and were built inside the main house or the courtyard. They were connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe. Rain falling on the rooftops is collected and stored in the tankas.

Describe how modern adaptations of traditional rainwater harvesting methods are being carried out to conserve and store water.

• Storage tanks are now a days not so common. The rain water is now a days collected and is guided to hand pump, bore well to recharge ground water. The rooftop rain water may be guided to an abandoned well or a soak-pit constructed in order to recharge ground water.
• Construction of percolation ponds in catchment area is done. These ponds collect runoff water.
• In few houses where tanks are still used to store rain water, modern methods are used for its safe usage. Cleanliness of water tank is maintained and there is arrangement for proper filtration of water.

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Case Study on Water Resources Class 10 Social Science

Water Resources is a lesson in Class 10 Social Science from which case study questions are often asked in the Class 10 Social Science exam. There are several possible questions that can be asked from this alone chapter and therefore, for the practice purpose here we provide Case Study on Water Resources Class 10 Social Science.

Practising the case study questions on Class 10 Social Science Water Resources can benefit students in a variety of ways as well as enable them to feel confident in answering such questions. Continue reading to learn more about the Water Resources Case Study for Class 10 Social Science .

Water Resources Case Study for Class 10 Social Science with Solutions in PDF

The PDF file of the Case Study on Water Resources Class 10 Social Science is prepared by the Selfstudys subject experts team who has years of experience. They revise the case study questions on Water Resources very often with solutions. Here on this website, we offer Water Resources Case Study for Class 10 Social Science with solutions in PDF for free of cost.

The PDF file can be accessed for free of cost and it is available 24×7 to learn and practise the questions from.

Salient Features of Case Study on Water Resources Class 10 Social Science PDF

Some salient features of the Case Study on Water Resources Class 10 Social Science PDF are mentioned below:

• Questions with Answers: One of the best and most useful features of the Water Resources Case Study for Class 10 Social Science is that the PDF file contains case-based questions as well as answers. The answers are prepared by a subject matter expert.
• Available in PDF: Another great feature of Case Study on Water Resources Class 10 Social Science is that it is available in a PDF file format which students can download as well as can read them online for free of cost.
• Prepared by Subject Matter Experts: Above all the features mentioned, this feature is the most helpful because this feature ensures that students are only getting access to the Water Resources case study questions which have a higher level of accuracy and are prepared to keep in mind the syllabus of Class 10 Social Science.

How to Download PDF of Case Study on Water Resources Class 10 Social Science?

This step-by-step process will help you download PDF file of case study on Water Resources Class 10 Social Science.

• Open Selfstudys.com and click on the navigation button available beside the Selfstudys logo

• Click on CBSE from the given options

• Navigate to the Case Study and click on that

• It will further open a webpage where you need to choose Class 10 
• At this stage, you are required to click on Social Science to expand it further and then get access to the case Study on Water Resources Class 10 Social Science.

Why Practice Case Study on Water Resources Class 10 Social Science?

Case study questions are part of the Class 10 Social Science exam paper and therefore all the students should prepare and be ready for this type of question no matter the chapter name. However, there are certainly more reasons to practice case study on Water Resources Class 10 Social Science discussed below:

• To Deepen the Understanding of Water Resources: Practising the Case Study on Water Resources Class 10 Social Science questions is not only helpful for the board exam preparation but enables the students to deepen their level of understanding of Water Resources. Solving questions will also help students to clear their doubts about Water Resources.
• For Class 10 Social Science Board Exam Preparation: There is no doubt case study on Water Resources Class 10 Social Science PDF file is prepared for students so that they can better prepare for the exam because the more practice the better command of the case-based questions. Therefore, those students who are looking for a separate PDF file of the Case Study on Water Resources to better prepare for the exam can use the PDF file.
• To Boost Confidence in Water Resources Topic: A regular and thorough practice of Class 10 Water Resources case study questions help students gain confidence in answering the questions. Whether it is in the Class 10 Social Science board exam hall or in general. Not only in solving the case-based questions but practising the Water Resources Case Study for Class 10 Social Science boost the overall confidence of the students in the topic of Water Resources.

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NCERT Solutions for Chapter 3 Water Resources Class 10 Geography

Ncert solutions for chapter 4 the age of industrialisation class 10 history, related chapters.

• Resources and Development
• Forest and Wildlife Resources
• Agriculture
• Minerals and Energy Resources

Related Questions

• Revision Notes for Chapter 3 Water Resources Class 10 Geography
• Important Questions for Chapter 3 Water Resources Class 10 Geography
• Assertion-Reason of Chapter 3 Water Resources Class 10 Geography

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• Chapter 3 Water Resources

NCERT Book Solutions For Class 10 Geography Contemporary India - II Chapter 3 Water Resources

Ncert book solutions for class 10 geography contemporary india – ii chapter 3 water resources – cbse free pdf download.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 – Water Resources is present in PDF format at BYJU’S which can be downloaded for free. These solutions contain the answers to all exercise questions. Answers are created by subject experts and are written from an examination perspective. Referring to these solutions will help students in scoring high marks during the CBSE exam. Also, they will understand the answer writing skills through which they can express their answers in an effective way. So, go through these NCERT Solutions Class 10 and make the most of it.

• Chapter 1 Resources and Development
• Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources
• Chapter 4 Agriculture
• Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources
• Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries
• Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy

Students can download the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography PDF below.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography (Contemporary India II) Chapter 3 – Water Resources

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 – Water Resources

The solutions for Chapter 3 of Water Resources are given below. Students should also check NCERT Solutions for Class 10 for other subjects.

Exercise Page No 46

1. Multiple choice questions.

(i) Based on the information given below classify each of the situations as ‘suffering from water scarcity’ or ‘not suffering from water scarcity’.

(a) A region with high annual rainfall.

(b) A region having high annual rainfall and large population.

(c) A region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted.

(d) A region having low rainfall and low population.

(a) A region with high annual rainfall – Not suffering from water scarcity

(b) A region having high annual rainfall and large population – Suffering from water scarcity

(c) A region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted – Suffering from water scarcity

(d) A region having low rainfall and low population- Not suffering from water scarcity

(ii) Which one of the following statements is not an argument in favour of multipurpose river projects?

(a) Multi-purpose projects bring water to those areas which suffer from water scarcity.

(b) Multi-purpose projects by regulating water flow help to control floods.

(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.

(d) Multi-purpose projects generate electricity for our industries and our homes.

(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood

(iii) Here are some false statements. Identify the mistakes and rewrite them correctly.

(a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have helped in proper utilisation of water resources.

(b) Regulating and damming of rivers does not affect the river’s natural flow and its sediment flow.

(c) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were not agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.

(d) Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater water harvesting has gained popularity despite high water availability due to the Indira Gandhi Canal.

(a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have resulted in improper utilisation of water resources.

(b) Regulating and damming of rivers does affect the river’s natural flow and its sediment flow.

(c) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.

(d) Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater water harvesting popularity has declined due to high water availability from Indira Gandhi Canal.

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i) Explain how water becomes a renewable resource.

Water can be considered as a renewable resource since there will be rains and surface water and groundwater will get recharged continuously due to the 3 process involved in the hydrological cycle.

The 3 processes of the hydrological cycle are

• Evaporations
• Condensation
• Precipitation

(ii) What is water scarcity and what are its main causes?

Many of our cities are such examples. Thus, water scarcity may be an outcome of large and growing population and consequent greater demands for water, and unequal access to it. A large population requires more water not only for domestic use but also to produce more food. Hence, to facilitate higher food-grain production, water resources are being over-exploited to expand irrigated areas for dry-season agriculture. Irrigated agriculture is the largest consumer of water. Most farmers have their own wells and tube-wells in their farms for irrigation to increase their productivity. This has adversely affected water availability and food security of the people.

(iii) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multi-purpose river projects.

Advantages:

• Electricity generation
• Flood control
• Water supply for industrial and domestic purposes
• Tourist attraction
• Inland navigation

Disadvantages:

• The natural flow of water is affected
• Aquatic life gets affected
• Submergence of land in the surrounding areas
• Ecological consequences
• Large scale displacement of local people

3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.

(i) Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out.

In the semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan, particularly in Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer, almost all the houses traditionally had underground tanks or tankas for storing drinking water. The tanks could be as large as a big room; one household in Phalodi had a tank that was 6.1 metres deep, 4.27 metres long and 2.44 metres wide. The tankas were part of the well-developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system and were built inside the main house or the courtyard. They were connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe. Rain falling on the rooftops would travel down the pipe and be stored in these underground ‘tankas’. The first spell of rain was usually not collected as this would clean the roofs and the pipes. The rainwater from the subsequent showers was then collected. The rainwater can be stored in the tankas till the next rainfall, making it an extremely reliable source of drinking water when all other sources are dried up, particularly in the summers. Rainwater, or ‘palar pani’, as commonly referred to in these parts, is considered the purest form of natural water.

(ii) Describe how modern adaptations of traditional rainwater harvesting methods are being carried out to conserve and store water.

Water harvesting system is a viable alternative, both socio-economically and environmentally. In ancient India, along with the sophisticated hydraulic structures, there existed an extraordinary tradition of water-harvesting system. People had in-depth knowledge of rainfall regimes and soil types and developed wide-ranging techniques to harvest rainwater, groundwater, river water and floodwater in keeping with the local ecological conditions and their water needs. In hill and mountainous regions, people built diversion channels like the ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’ of the Western Himalayas for agriculture. ‘Rooftop rainwater harvesting’ was commonly practised to store drinking water, particularly in Rajasthan. In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields. In arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rain-fed storage structures that allowed the water to stand and moisten the soil like the ‘khadins’ in Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan. In Gendathur, a remote backward village in Mysuru, Karnataka, villagers have installed, in their household’s rooftop, rainwater harvesting system to meet their water needs. Nearly 200 households have installed this system and the village has earned the rare distinction of being rich in rainwater. Rooftop rainwater harvesting is the most common practice in Shillong, Meghalaya. It is interesting because Cherapunjee and Mawsynram situated at a distance of 55 km. from Shillong receive the highest rainfall in the world. Yet, the state capital Shillong faces an acute shortage of water. Nearly every household in the city has a rooftop rainwater harvesting structure. Nearly 15-25 per cent of the total water requirement of the household comes from rooftop water harvesting. Tamil Nadu is the first state in India which has made rooftop rainwater harvesting structure compulsory for all the houses across the state.

Water Resources Summary

The students will get to know about the following topics:

• Water scarcity and the need for water conservation and management
• Multipurpose river projects and integrated water resources management
• Hydraulic structures in ancient India
• Rainwater harvesting

‘Contemporary India-II’ is an important chapter for Class 10 Social Science subject. Apart from this chapter, the full set of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science is given in the linked article.

Also, explore – 

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography

Frequently Asked Questions on NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 3

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Introduction - Water as a resource - Concepts - Chapter 3 Class 10 Geography - Water Resources - Geography

Last updated at April 16, 2024 by Teachoo

• Three-fourth of the Earth’s surface is covered with water.
• Only a small proportion of it accounts for freshwater that can be put to use.
• This freshwater is mainly obtained from surface runoff and groundwater that is continually being renewed and recharged through the hydrological cycle.
• All water moves within the hydrological cycle ensuring that water is a renewable resource.

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Water Resources Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Extra Questions and Answers

CBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources Extra Questions and Answers is available here. Students can learn and download PDF of these questions for free. These extra questions and answers are prepared by our expert teachers as per the latest NCERT textbook and guidelines. Learning these questions will help you to score excellent marks in the board exams.

Water Resources Class 10 Extra Questions Geography Chapter 3

Very short answer type questions.

1. How is freshwater obtained

Answer:  The freshwater is obtained from precipitation, surface run off and groundwater that is continually being renewed and recharged through the hydrological cycle.

2. What is hydrological cycle Answer:  The continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of earth.

3. What is the importance of hydrological cycle

Answer:  The freshwater is mainly obtained from surface run off and groundwater that is continually being renewed and recharged through the hydrological cycle. All water moves within the hydrological cycle ensuring that water is renewable resource.

4. What is water scarcity [CBSE 2014] Answer:  Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demand.

5. “The availability of water resources varies over space and time”. Give reasons. Answer:  Water resources varies over space and time due to the variation in seasonal and annual precipitation.

6. What percentage of the total volume of world’s water is estimated to exist as oceans

Answer:  96.5%

7. How much per cent of the total volume of world’s water is estimated to exist as fresh water

Answer:  2.5

8. What are the sources of fresh water? Answer:  Precipitation, surface run off and groundwater.

9. How is freshwater being renewed Answer:  The freshwater is being renewed through the hydrological cycle.

10. Mention any two regions which are expected to face water shortage. Answer:  (i) Regions having low rainfall (ii) Regions which are drought prone.

11. What is a dam Answer:  ‘A dam’ is a barrier across the flowing water that obstructs dissects or retards the flow, often creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment.

12. What is a multipurpose project Answer:  A multipurpose project is that which fulfils a . variety of purposes at the same time, for example – irrigation, generation of electricity, flood control, fish breeding, soil conservation etc.

13. Who proclaimed dams as the temples of modem India Answer:  Jawaharlal Nehru.

14. Why were the multipurpose river projects considered as temples of modem India by Jawaharlal Nehru Answer:  These would integrate development of agriculture and the village economy with rapid industrialisation and growth of the urban economy.

15. Name any two social movements which have been launched against the multipurpose projects. Answer:  Narmada Bachao Andolan and ‘Tehri Dam’ Andolan.

16. What was considered as a viable alternative to the multipurpose projects and why [CBSE 2013] Answer:  The. disadvantages and rising resistance against the multipurpose projects, has lead us to conclude that water harvesting system is a viable alternative, both socio-economically and environmentally.

17. Irrigation has changed the cropping pattern of many regions with farmers shifting to water intensive and commercial crops”. Mention its ecological consequence. Answer:  Salinisation of the soil

18. What was the primary reason for launching ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’ Answer:  Narmada Bachao Andolan was launched due to the large scale displacement of local communities.

19. What is silt Answer:  A fine soil which is formed in flood plains.

20. How people used to conserve or harvest water in hills and mountainous regions Answer:  By building diversion channels like the ‘guts’ or ‘kuls’.

21. How people used to harvest water in the flood plains of Bengal Answer:  By building inundation channels to irrigate their fields.

22. How people harvest water in the semi- arid and arid regions of Rajasthan Answer:  By building underground tanks.

23. Many people of arid and semi-arid regions construct under-ground rooms adjoining the water tanks. Give reason. Answer:  By beating the summer heat it would keep the room cool.

24. Name two techniques of roof top rain water harvesting. [CBSE 2009(0)] Answer:  (i) Recharge through hand pump. (ii) Recharge through abandoned dug well.

25. Name any two states where roof top water harvesting is most common. Answer:  Meghalaya and Rajasthan.

26. Define the term Tankas. [CBSE 2008 (F)] Answer:  Tankas are the underground tanks for storing drinking water.

27. Which is the purest form of natural water Answer:  Rainwater

28. What is Kul Answer:  It is a circular village tank from which water is released and taken when required.

29. Name any two states which are involved in Krishna-Godavari-dispute. Answer:  Karanataka and Andhra Pradesh.

30. Name the river on which the Hirakud dam is located. [CBSE 2013] Answer:  Mahanadi

31. Name the river on which the Mettur dam is located. Answer:  Kaveri

32. Name the river on which the Nagarjuna Sagar dam is located.

Answer:  Tungabhadra

33. Name the river on which the Rihand dam is located. Answer:  Son

34. Name the river on which the Bhakra Nangal dam is located. [CBSE 2014] Answer:  Satluj

35. Name the river on which the Koyna dam is located Answer:  Krishana

36. Name the river on which the Sardar Sarovar dam is located. Answer:  Narmada

37. What is the contribution of hydroelectricity in the total generation of electricity. Answer:  22%

Short Answer Type Questions

1. What is hydrological cycle? What is its importance

Answer:  The continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of earth is known as hydrological cycle. The freshwater is mainly obtained from surface run off and ground water that is continually being renewed and recharged through the hydrological cycle. All water moves within the hydrological cycle 5. ensuring that water is a renewable resource.

2. How has agriculture aggravated the problem of water scarcity in India Explain. [CBSE 2014]

Answer:  (i) Water is a basic input in agriculture. It is used for irrigation. (ii) HYV seeds needs more water as compared to traditional seeds. (iii) Commercialisation of agriculture has also lead to withdrawal of groundwater at a large scale. (iv) Overuse of groundwater is another problem associated with agriculture. The water table has lowered in many parts of India due to its overuse.

3. “Water scarcity may be an outcome of large and growing population”. Justify.

Answer:  (i) A large population means more water not only for domestic use but also to produce more food. (ii) Most of the Indian cities are facing the problem of water due to growing population. . (iii) A growing population has also a direct impact on the water level.

4. How does urbanisation and urban lifestyle lead to over-exploitation of water resources Explain. [CBSE 2013]

Answer:  (i) Most of our cities are over populated. Overpopulation leads to our utilisation of water resources. (ii) Urbanisation especially unplanned urbanisation adds to water pollution. (iii) Urbanisation also damages the existing water resources especially the river. For example, most of Indian river have been polluted by the waste of cities.

5. Is it possible that an area or region may have ample water resources but is still facing water scarcity Explain with the help of three relevant examples. [CBSE 2013] 

Answer:  Yes, it is possible that an area or region may have ample water resources but is still facing water scarcity. Most of our cities are facing this problem. (i) In most of our cities there is no shortage of water but the water is unfit for consumption. (ii) Most of our cities are in the banks of rivers, but rivers have been turned into toxic streams. (iii) The ever increasing population, industries and vehicles has made matter worse by exerting pressure on existing freshwater resources.

6. What is importance of water [CBSE 2012] Or “Water is a very important and critical resource in India.” Support the statement by explaining any three points. [CBSE 2013]

Answer:  (i) Water is vital for human survival. (ii) Water is used for transportation. (iii) In industries water is used as a coolant. (iv) Water is also used for power production. (v) Water is a basic input for agriculture.

7. How do increasing number of industries exert pressure on existing freshwater resources [CBSE 2012]

Answer:  (i) industries used water as coolant, raw material, solvent, etc. (ii) Industries release harmful chemicals which contaminates water. (iii) Most of the Indian rivers are polluted due to toxic chemicals which are released by industries.

8. What are dams? How do these help to conserve and manage water

Answer: A dam is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, directs or retards the flow often creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment. (i) Dams were traditionally built to impound rivers and rainwater that could be used later to irrigate agricultural fields. (ii) Dams are also source of perennial canals.

9. Distinguish between a dam and a multipurpose project.

Answer:   Dam  1. A dam is barrier across the flowing water that obstructs, dissects or retards the flow, often creating a reservoir, lake or an impoundment  2. It is a traditional concept. 

Multipurpose project. 1. A multipurpose project is that which fulfils a variety of purposes at the same time, for example – irrigation, generation of electricity, flood control, fish breeding, soil conservation, etc. 2. It is a modern concept. 

10. Who proclaimed the dams as the temples of modern India Give reason.

Answer:  Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed the dams as the ‘temples of modem India’; the reason being that it would integrate development of agriculture and the village economy with rapid industrialisation and growth of the urban economy.

11.‘Multipurpose projects and large dams have also been the cause of many social movement’. Name any two such movements. Why these movements were launched

Answer:  Multipurpose projects and large dams have also been the cause of many new social movements like the ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’ and ‘Tehri Dam Andolan’ etc. Resistance to these projects has primarily been due to the large – scale displacement of local communities. Local people often had to give up their land, livelihood and their meagre access and control over resources for the greater good of the nation.

12. How do the dams create conflicts between the people

Answer:  (i) The dams have created conflicts between people wanting different uses and benefits from the same water resources. (ii) Inter-state water disputes are becoming common with regard to sharing the costs and benefits of the Projects. (iii) The landowners, the rich farmers, industrialists and urban centres are benefitting at the cost of local communities.

In Gujarat, the Sabarmati – basin farmers were agitated and almost caused a riot over the higher priority given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts. Inter – state water disputes are also becoming common with regard to sharing the costs and benefits of the multipurpose project.

13. How has irrigation changed the cropping pattern? What is its impact on the social landscape [CBSE Sep 2012]

Answer:  Due to irrigation facilities many farmers have shifted to water intensive and commercial crops. For example, Punjab has become major producer of rice inspite of low rainfall. Impact on social landscape: This transformation has widens the gap between rich and poor. The rich and mighty who can afford higher inputs has become more rich whereas the poor have failed to get benefit due to lack of capital.

14. Explain three ways in which irrigation schemes have changed the social landscape of the region. [CBSE 2012]

Answer:  (i) Displacement of the local people : Local people often had to give up their land, livelihood and their meagre access and control over resources for the greater good of the nation. (ii) Social movements : Multipurpose projects and large dams have also been the cause of many new social movements like the ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’ and the ‘Tehri Dam Andolan’, etc. (iii) Widening the gap between rich and poor : Multipurpose projects have widened the gap between rich and poor. The landlords, large farmers and industrialist are getting benefit at the cost of poor.

15. “Multipurpose projects have failed to achieve the purpose for which they were built”. Justify by giving reasons. [CBSE 2014]

Answer:  (i) These dams were constructed to control floods but they have triggered floods due to sedimentation in the reservoir. (ii) Moreover, the big dams have mostly been unsuccessful in controlling floods at the time of excessive rainfall. (iii) Many a time authorities are forced to release water from dams during heavy rainfall.

16. What is rainwater harvesting What is its importance

Answer:  It is a technique of increasing the recharge of ground water by capturing and storing rainwater by constructing structures such as percolating pits, check dams, etc.

Importance:- (i) Rainwater harvesting is the need of hour as demand for water is increasing day by day. (ii) Rainwater harvesting reduces pressure on existing water resources. (iii) It is cheap source of water supply. (iv) It helps in recharging groundwater. (v) The rainwater store is extremely reliable source of drinking water when all other sources are dried up.

17. (i) What is a multipurpose project [CBSE 2009 (D) ; Sept. 2010, 11]  (ii) Why did Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru proclaim the river dams as the ‘Temples of Modem India?’ Explain the main reason. [CBSE 2014]

Answer:  (i) A multipurpose project is that which fulfils a variety of purposes at the same time, for example – irrigation, generation of electricity, flood control, fish breeding, soil conservation, etc. (ii) It would integrate development of agriculture and the village economy with rapid industrialisation and the growth of urban economy.

18. Explain the rooftop rainwater harvesting technique.

Answer:  (i) Rooftop rainwater is collected using a PVC pipe. (ii) Collected water is filtered using sand and bricks. (iii) Underground pipe is used to take the water to the sump for immediate usage. (iv) Excess water from the sump is taken to the well. (v) Water from the well recharges the underground water.

19. Why are different water harvesting systems considered a viable alternative both socio economically and environmentally in a country like India [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]

Answer:  (i) Water harvesting is a very cheap and affordable method of conservation of water. (ii) Indian people have in-depth knowledge of rainfall regime and soil type. They have developed techniques to harvest rainwater, groundwater, rain water and flood water in keeping with the local ecological conditions and their water needs. (iii) Rainwater harvesting techniques are more environmental friendly as compare to multipurpose river projects.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. How have the growing population, industrialisation and urbanisation led to water scarcity Explain.[CBSE 2008 (D)] Or Explain any four reasons responsible for water scarcity in India. [CBSE 2010(D), Sept. 2012] Or How have industrialisation and urbanisation aggravated water scarcity in India [CBSE Sept. 2010, 14] Or Give three reasons for water scarcity in post independent India. [CBSE Sept. 2010] Or ‘Three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water but there is still scarcity of water across the globe.’ Explain giving three reasons. [CBSE 2011]

Answer:  (i) Growing population : Growing population is one of the basic factors which is responsible for the scarcity of water. Most of our cities are facing this problem due to overpopulation. A large population means more water not only for domestic use but also to produce more food.

(ii) Commercialisation of agriculture : After the success of Green Revolution, our farmers are producing commercial crops. The commercial crops need more water and other inputs. Assured means of irrigation like tube wells and wells are responsible for the falling groundwater levels.

(iii) Industrialisation : The post independent India witnessed intensive industrialisation and urbanisation. Today, large industrial houses are common in the form of industrial units of many MNCs (Multinational Corporations). The ever increasing number of industries has made matters worse by exerting pressure on the existing freshwater resources. Industries, apart from being heavy users of water, also require power to run them. Much of this energy comes from the hydroelectric power.

(iv) Urbanisation : Urbanisation has also aggravated the problem of water scarcity. Most of our cities are overpopulated. Overpopulation leads to over- utilisation of the water resources, and also pollutes the existing resources.

2. How do the multipurpose river projects affect the aquatic life Explain. Or Explain the ecological problems being faced due to the multi-purpose river projects. [CBSE 2013]

Answer:  In recent years, the multi-purpose projects and large dams have come under great scrutiny and opposition for a variety of reasons : (i) Regulating and damming of rivers affect their natural flow causing poor sediment flow and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoir, resulting in rockier streambeds and poorer habitats for the rivers, as well as the aquatic life. (ii) Dams also fragment rivers making it difficult for the aquatic fauna to migrate, especially for spawning. (iii) The reservoirs that are created on the flood. Plains also submerge the existing vegetation and soil leading to its decomposition over time. (iv) Irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern of many regions with farmers shifting to water intensive and commercial crops. This has great ecological consequences like salinisation of the soil.

3. Explain the quantitative and qualitative aspects of water scarcity. Or Water is available in abundance in India even then scarcity of water is experienced in major parts of the country. Explain with four examples. [CBSE 2008 (D)] 

Answer:  (i) Quantitative aspect : This aspect is related to the availability of water resources. The availability of water resources varies over space and time mainly due to variations in seasonal and annual precipitation. However, water scarcity in most cases is caused by over-exploitation, excessive use and unequal access to water among different social groups.

(ii) Qualitative aspect : Now, let us consider another situation where water is sufficiently available to meet the needs of the people, but, the area still suffers from water scarcity. This scarcity may be due to bad quality of water. Lately, there has been a growing concern that even if there is ample water to meet the needs of the people, much of it may be polluted by domestic and industrial wastes, chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture, thus, making it hazardous for human use.

4. Why is there an urgent need to conserve and manage our water resources Mention three reasons. [CBSE 2012] Or Why is it necessary to conserve water resources in India Explain. Or Why is it essential to conserve, and manage our water resources Explain any three reasons. [CBSE 2012] Or Why we should conserve our water resources Explain any three reasons. [CBSE 2012,2014]

Answer:  (i) Precondition for life : Water is necessary for life on earth. It is believed that life originated in water before it invaded land. Water is in fact a precondition of life. (ii) Water essential for crops: Cultivation of crops depends on the availability of water. Water dissolves minerals and other nutrients in the ground. The roots of the plants draw this nutritious water for the soil. India is an agricultural country so availability of water is a must. (iii) Water and industries : Industries need water as coolant, solvent, raw material, etc. (iv) Water for daily life : Water is also used for drinking and domestic consumption. The growing urbanisation with its modern lifestyle has been demanding greater share of water day by day. (v) Water an important component of ecosystem : Conservation of water is also important to prevent degradation of our natural ecosystems. (vi) Water scarcity : It is essential to conserve and manage water because its overuse and misuse has lead to water scarcity.

5. Examine the importance of the river valley projects in the development of hydel power and irrigational facilities in India. Or Give any four objectives of the multipurpose river valley projects. [CBSE Sept. 2011]

Answer:  (i) Generation of Power (electricity) : These multipurpose projects are the main source of power generation. According to the Economic Survey, 2013, these produce more than 39,788.40 MW power. They provide us neat, pollution free and cheapest energy which is the backbone of industry and agriculture. (ii) Flood Control : These projects control the floods because water can be stored in them. These projects have converted many ‘rivers of sorrows’ into ‘rivers of boon’. For example, the river Kosi. (iii) Soil Conservation : They help to conserve the soil because they slow down the speed of water. (iv) Irrigation : These projects are the main source of irrigation for our country. These irrigate the fields during the dry seasons. Many perennial canals have been dug and they irrigate dry areas.

6. “In recent years, the multipurpose projects and large dams have come under great scrutiny.” Give reasons. [CBSE Sept. 2012] Or Mention any four disadvantages of multi purpose projects. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2013] Or . How may the multipurpose river valley projects become harmful for the country Explain with four examples. [CBSE 2008] Or Why are multipurpose projects facing resistance Explain with three reasons. [CBSE Sept.2010] 

Answer:  (i) Adverse effect on the fertility of the soil : Due to the construction of dams, there are no annual floods in the river. And because of this, the soil of the downstream region does not get nutrient rich “silt”. This decreases the fertility of the soil.

(ii) Adverse impact on aquatic life: Due to the construction of dams on the rivers, the fish in the downstream area do not get sufficient nutrient material. Regulating and damming of rivers affect the natural flow of water causing poor sediment flow downward, and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of reservoir, resulting in rockier stream beds and poorer habitats for the rivers aquatic life. Dams also fragment rivers making it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate for spawning i.e., to produce eggs.

(iii) Displacement of local communities : The building of large dams results in displacement of local communities. The local people often have to give up their land and livelihood and their meagre access and control over resources for the greater food of the nation.

(iv) Change in the cropping pattern : The multipurpose projects are responsible for providing assured means of irrigation to farmers. Due to this, most of the farmers have changed the cropping pattern shifting to water intensive and commercial crops. This has led to salinisation of soil leading to ecological imbalance.

HOTS Questions and Answers

1. Write the features of the ‘tankas’ built in the houses of Bikaner, Phalodi and Banner. [CBSE 2013]

Answer:  (i) The tanks could be as large as a big room; one household in Phalodi had a tank that was 6.1 meters deep, 4.27 meters long and 2.44 meters wide. (ii) The tankas were part of the well-developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system and were built inside the main house or the courtyard. (iii) They were connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe. (itv) Rain falling on the rooftops would travel down the pipe and was stored in these underground tankas. (v) The first spell of rain was usually not collected as this would clean the roofs and the pipes. The rainwater from the subsequent showers was then collected.

2. Explain the term ‘tankas’. Where were tankas built in India [CBSE 2013]

Answer:  (i) The tankas were part of the well-developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system and were built inside the main house or the courtyard. They are built for storing drinking water. A tank could be 6.1 meters deep, 4.27 meters long and 2.44 meters wide. (ii) The tankas were built in the semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan, particularly in Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer.

3. What is bamboo drip irrigation Mention any two features of it. [CBSE 2012]

Answer:  (1) (i) About 18-20 liters of water enters the bamboo pipe system, get transported over hundreds of meters and finally reduces to 20-80 drops per minute at the site of the plant. (ii) Bamboo drip irrigation system is practiced in Meghalaya. (2) Features of bamboo drip irrigation ; (i) Bamboo drip irrigation system is 200 year old system of tapping stream and stripwater by using bamboo pipe. (ii) Bamboo pipes are used to divert perennial springs on the hilltops to the lower reaches by gravity. (iii) The channel sections, made of bamboo, divert water to the plant site where it is distributed into branches.

4. What role do “Guls” or “Kuls” of the Western Himalayas and “Khadin” and “Johads” in parts of Rajasthan play Describe. [CBSE 2012]

Answer:  (i) In Western Himalayas people build diversion channels like ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’. (ii) In arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rain-fed storage structures. (iii) These allowed the water to stand and moisten the soil like the ‘Khadins’ in Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan.

5. “Need of the hour is to conserve and manage our water resources.” Mention any four reasons. Suggest any two ways to conserve water. [CBSE Sept. 2012] 

Answer:  (i) To safeguard ourselves from health hazards. (ii) To ensure food security. (iii) To prevent degradation of our natural ecosystem. (iv) To save the future generations from water crisis. Suggestions : – (i) Turn off the tap while brushing. (ii) We should spread awareness regarding water conservation. (iii) Rainwater harvesting.

6. How is industrialisation responsible for water scarcity? Explain. Suggest any two ways to check water pollution.

Answer:  (i) The ever increasing number of industries has made matter worse by exerting pressure on the existing freshwater resources. (ii) Industries need power which is produced from water. The power is produced by the multipurpose projects. (iii) Chemicals and gases released by industries also pollutes the water. Suggestions : (i) Minimising use of soaps and detergents. (ii) Minimising use of fertilizers.

7. What is water scarcity? Mention any four factors responsible for water scarcity. [CBSE 2014] Or What is meant by water scarcity and give any two causes of water scarcity

Answer:  Shortage of water as compared to its demand is known as water scarcity. Factors responsible : (i) Overexploitation of water sources. (ii) Improper management. (iii) Unequal access of water among different social groups. (iv) Industrialisation and urbanisation.

8. “Overpopulation or large and growing population can lead to water scarcity.” Explain. Mention any two lessons which you have learnt from this.

Answer:  Overpopulation or large and growing population can lead to water scarcity as : (i) More population means more demand for water. (ii) A large population means more water not only for domestic use but also to produce more food. (iii) To facilitate higher foodgrain production, water resources are being over exploited to expand the irrigated areas and the dry season agriculture. (iv) Overutilisation of water results in lowering of the groundwater levels. Lessons : (i) There is need to check the growth of population. (ii) Human beings need to care for nature.

9. ‘Large multipurpose projects also lead to land degradation.’ Explain.

Answer:  Multipurpose projects lead to land degradation because : (i) Irrigation has changed the cropping pattern of many regions with farmers shifting to water intensive crops. This has led to the salinisation of the soil. (ii) Regulating and damming of rivers affect the natural flow of rivers causing poor sediment flow. (iii) The flood plains are deprived of silt. (iv) Multipurpose projects induce pollution which leads to land degradation.

10. Explain various problems associated with poor people due to construction of large dams. [CBSE 2013]

Answer:  (i) Construction of large dams leads to the large-scale displacement of the local communities. (ii) Local people have to give up their land and livelihood. (ii) Pbor people lose meagre access and control over resources for the greater good of the nation. (iv) The displaced people do not get full rehabilitation facilities from the government, (v) The landless people have to work as labourers in factories or construction sites. Their lives become miserable.

11. Name any two movements that have been started to oppose multipurpose projects. Who are benefitted from such projects [CBSE 2013]

Answer:  (1) Two movements that have been started to oppose multipurpose projects are:

(i) Narmada Bachao Andolan was started against the Sardar Sarovar Dam being built across the Narmada river in Gujarat. (ii) Tehri Dam Andolan – Resistance to these projects has primarily been due to the large-scale displacement of local communities. (2) The landowners and large farmers, industrialists and a few urban centers are benefitted from such projects.

12. Why is rooftop rainwater harvesting important in Rajasthan Explain. [CBSE 2013, 14]

Answer:  (i) The rainwater stored in tankas is an extremely reliable source of drinking water when all other sources are dried up. (ii) Rainwater is considered the purest form of natural water. (iii) Many houses constructed underground rooms adjoining the tanka to beat the summer heat as it would keep the room cool. (iv) There is lack of perennial rivers in Rajasthan. (v) The rainfall is not reliable in this region.

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Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources – Notes & Study Material

Last Updated on July 3, 2023 By Mrs Shilpi Nagpal

☛ NCERT Solutions – Chapter 3 Water Resources

• 1 Water Scarcity And the Need For Water Conservation And Management
• 2 Multi-purpose projects and integrated Water Resources Management
• 3 ​​Disadvantages of multipurpose projects 
• 4 Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting
• 5 Bamboo Drip Irrigation System

Water Scarcity And the Need For Water Conservation And Management

Though three-fourth of the earth’s surface is covered with water, only a small proportion of it is fresh water that can be used for drinking.

96.5 per cent of the total volume of world’s water is estimated to exist as oceans.2.5 per cent is fresh water. 70 per cent of this fresh water occurs as ice sheets and glaciers in Antarctica, Greenland and the mountainous regions of the world, less than 30 per cent is stored as groundwater in the world’s aquifers.

India receives nearly 4 per cent of the global precipitation and ranks 133 in the world in terms of water availability per person per annum.

Overexploitation, increased business activities etc. are some of the factors that lead to water shortage.

In order to conserve water and to solve the problem of scarcity of water we should construct dams as we used to do in ancient times. From ancient times we have been constructing hydraulic structures like dams built of stone rubble, reservoirs or lakes, embankments and canals for irrigation.

Water scarcity in most cases is caused by over exploitation, excessive use and unequal access to water among different social groups.

(i) Due to large and growing population, water resources are being over-exploited to expand irrigated areas and dry season agriculture.

​(ii) ​Most farmers have their own wells and tube wells for irrigation to increase their produce. This leads to fall in groundwater level. ​

(iii)​ The ever-increasing industries have made matters worse by exerting pressure on freshwater resources. Much of the energy required for industries comes from hydroelectric power.

​(iv)​ Coming up of new urban centres, changing lifestyle, more requirement of energy and water etc. have aggravated the problems. ​

(v)​ Lot of people can’t get water because they live in remote areas which are far off from water sources because they are poor and can not have their own water arrangements.

The possible solutions to tackle the problem of water scarcity are : 

(i) ​Rainwater harvesting

​(ii) ​Bamboo drip irrigation system

​(iii)​ Avoiding wastage of water in day to day life activities

(iv) Recycling of used water​

Groundwater is a highly overused resource because of the following reasons :

​(i)​Growing population has continuously created a high demand for water.

​(ii)​This growing population doesn’t have equal access to the sources of fresh water.

​(iii)​To facilitate higher food grain production for a large population, water resources are being over exploited to expand irrigated areas for dry season agriculture.

​(iv)​In the cities, every housing society or colony is exploiting groundwater for daily use with the help of pumping devises.

Multi-purpose projects and integrated Water Resources Management

A river project where many uses of the impounded water are integrated with one another is known as multipurpose project.

The purposes served by a multipurpose river project are: irrigation, power generation, water supply, flood control, recreation, etc.

Advantages of multi- purpose projects are:

​(i)​ These are the main source of power generation.

​(ii) ​They provide us with neat, pollution free and cheapest energy which is the backbone of industry and agriculture. ​

(iii)​ These projects control the floods because water storage is effectively provided for These projects have converted many, “rivers of sorrows” into “rivers of boon”.

​(iv)​ These projects are the main source of irrigation and also help in conserving soil.

​​Disadvantages of multipurpose projects 

(i) ​Due to the construction of dams, there are no adequate floods in the river. Because of this, the soil of the downstream region does not get nutrient-rich silt.

​(ii)​ Dams also fragment rivers making it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate for spawning, i.e., to produce eggs. ​

(iii)​ It results in the displacement of local communities. ​

(iv)​ The multi-purpose projects induce earthquake.

​(v)​ Construction of dams causes waterborne diseases caused waterborne diseases. 

Large-scale displacement of local communities as a result of which movements like the ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’ and the ‘Tehri Dam Andolan’, etc. came into existence.

Narmada Bachao Andolan is a Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) that activated tribal people, farmers, environmentalists and human rights activists to fight against the Sardar Sarovar Dam being built across the Narmada river in Gujarat. This was initiated in order to save trees from getting destroyed due to building of dams and to get full rehabilitation facilities from the government for the displaced people.

Rainwater harvesting is gathering, accumulating and storing of rainwater for different uses. In other words, rainwater harvesting is a technique for capturing and storing rainwater through hydro-structures such as recharge through hand pumps and abandoned dug well.

In India people have been practising rainwater harvesting for many years. This practice of water conservation is very economical and can be ​​molded as per suits the social and cultural values of  a region.

Moreover, multipurpose projects have faced resistance for different social groups. Hence, rainwater harvesting is regarded as more viable option socioeconomically.

​​Different methods of rainwater harvesting practised in India are:

​(i) ​In hilly and mountainous regions, people build diversion channels like ‘gul’ or ‘kul’ in western Himalaya for agriculture.

​(ii)​ Rooftop rainwater harvesting was commonly practised to store drinking water particularly in Rajasthan and Gujarat. ​

(iii)​ In West Bengal, people develop inundation channels to irrigate their fields. ​

(iv)​ In semi-arid regions, agricultural fields are converted into rainfed storage structures that allow the water to stand and moist the soil ​.

The benefits of rainwater harvesting are many, such as relief of strain on other water supply, water security etc.

Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting

Rooftop rainwater harvesting is the most common practice in Shillong, Meghalaya. Though Cherapunjee and Mawsynram situated at a distance of 55 km from Shillong receive the highest rainfall in the world, yet the state capital Shillong faces acute shortage of water.

Nearly every household in the city has a rooftop rainwater harvesting structure. Nearly 15-25 per cent of the total water requirement of the household comes from roof top water harvesting.

Tamil Nadu is the first and the only state in India which has made rooftop rainwater harvesting structure compulsory to all the houses across the state. There are legal provisions to punish the defaulters.

Rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan

(i) In semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan, almost all the houses traditionally had underground tanks for storing drinking water. 

​(ii) ​The tanks can be as large as big rooms. ​

(iii) ​The tanks are part of the well-developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system. ​

(iv)​ Tanks are connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe.

​(v)​ Rain falling on these rooftops travel down the pipe and gets stored in these underground tanks. ​

(vi) ​Usually, first rainwater is not collected. It is used to clean the rooftop and the pipe.

Bamboo Drip Irrigation System

Bamboo drip irrigation system is  a 200-year old system of tapping stream and spring water by using bamboo pipes, is widespread. About 18-20 litres of water enters the bamboo pipe system, gets transported over hundreds of metres, and finally reduces to 20-80 drops per minute at the site of the plant.

(a) ​Nearly 18-20 liters of water enter the bamboo pipe system, get transported over hundreds of meters and finally reduced to 20-80 drops per minute at the site of the plant.

(b)​ The flow of water into the pipes is controlled by manipulating the pipe positions. 

Jawaharlal Nehru proclaimed the dams as the “temples of modern India” because :

​(i)​ They eliminate or reduce flooding.

​(ii)​ They provide water for agriculture. ​

(iii) ​They provide water for human and industrial consumption. ​

(iv) ​They provide hydroelectricity for houses and industries.

About Mrs Shilpi Nagpal

Author of this website, Mrs. Shilpi Nagpal is MSc (Hons, Chemistry) and BSc (Hons, Chemistry) from Delhi University, B.Ed. (I. P. University) and has many years of experience in teaching. She has started this educational website with the mindset of spreading free education to everyone.

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Extra Questions for Class 10th: Ch 3 Water Resources Geography

Extra questions for class 10th: ch 3 water resources social studies (s.st) important questions answer included, contact form.

Extra Questions of Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources PDF Download

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We have provided you with Extra and Important Questions from Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources. This Extra and Important Questions will help you to score 100% in your Board Exams. These extra questions will be helpful to revise the important topics and concepts.

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Table of Contents

Water Resources Class 10 Important Questions with Answers Geography Chapter 3

Extra questions for class 10 geography chapter 3 very short answer type.

Question: What is water scarcity [CBSE 2014]

Answer: Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demand.

Question: “The availability of water resources varies over space and time”. Give reasons.

Answer: Water resources varies over space and time due to the variation in seasonal and annual precipitation.

Question: What percentage of the total volume of world’s water is estimated to exist as oceans

Answer: 96.5%

Question: How much per cent of the total volume of world’s water is estimated to exist as fresh water

Answer: 2.5

Question: What are the sources of fresh water?

Answer: Precipitation, surface run off and groundwater.

Question: How is freshwater being renewed?

Answer: The freshwater is being renewed through the hydrological cycle.

Question: Irrigation has changed the cropping pattern of many regions with farmers shifting to water intensive and commercial crops”. Mention its ecological consequence.

Answer: Salinisation of the soil1.

Question: What was the primary reason for launching ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’

Answer: Narmada Bachao Andolan was launched due to the large scale displacement of local communities.

Question: What is silt?

Answer: A fine soil which is formed in flood plains.

Question: How people used to conserve or harvest water in hills and mountainous regions

Answer: By building diversion channels like the ‘guts’ or ‘kuls’.

Question: How people used to harvest water in the flood plains of Bengal?

Answer: By building inundation channels to irrigate their fields.

Question: How people harvest water in the semi- arid and arid regions of Rajasthan?

Answer: By building underground tanks.

Question: Many people of arid and semi-arid regions construct under-ground rooms adjoining the water tanks. Give reason.

Answer: By beating the summer heat it would keep the room cool.

Question: Name any two states where roof top water harvesting is most common.

Answer: Meghalaya and Rajasthan.

Question: Define the term Tankas. [CBSE 2008 (F)]

Answer: Tankas are the underground tanks for storing drinking water.

Question: Which is the purest form of natural water?

Answer: Rainwater.

Question: What is Kul?

Answer: It is a circular village tank from which water is released and taken when required.

Extra Questions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Short Answer Type

Question : What is hydrological cycle? What is its importance?

Answer: The continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of earth is known as hydrological cycle. The freshwater is mainly obtained from surface run off and ground water that is continually being renewed and recharged through the hydrological cycle. All water moves within the hydrological cycle ensuring that water is a renewable resource.

Question: What are dams? How do these help to conserve and manage water?

Answer: A dam is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, directs or retards the flow often creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment.

(i) Dams were traditionally built to impound rivers and rainwater that could be used later to irrigate agricultural fields. (ii) Dams are also source of perennial canals.

Question: Who proclaimed the dams as the temples of modern India Give reason.

Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed the dams as the ‘temples of modem India’; the reason being that it would integrate development of agriculture and the village economy with rapid industrialisation and growth of the urban economy.

Question: ‘Multipurpose projects and large dams have also been the cause of many social movement’. Name any two such movements. Why these movements were launched?

Answer: Multipurpose projects and large dams have also been the cause of many new social movements like the ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’ and ‘Tehri Dam Andolan’ etc. Resistance to these projects has primarily been due to the large – scale displacement of local communities. Local people often had to give up their land, livelihood and their meagre access and control over resources for the greater good of the nation.

Question: How has irrigation changed the cropping pattern? What is its impact on the social landscape [CBSE Sep 2012]

Answer: Due to irrigation facilities many farmers have shifted to water intensive and commercial crops. For example, Punjab has become major producer of rice inspite of low rainfall.

Impact on social landscape: This transformation has widens the gap between rich and poor. The rich and mighty who can afford higher inputs has become more rich whereas the poor have failed to get benefit due to lack of capital.

Question: Explain three ways in which irrigation schemes have changed the social landscape of the region. [CBSE 2012]

Answer: (i) Displacement of the local people : Local people often had to give up their land, livelihood and their meagre access and control over resources for the greater good of the nation.

(ii) Social movements : Multipurpose projects and large dams have also been the cause of many new social movements like the ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’ and the ‘Tehri Dam Andolan’, etc.

(iii) Widening the gap between rich and poor : Multipurpose projects have widened the gap between rich and poor. The landlords, large farmers and industrialist are getting benefit at the cost of poor.

Question: Why are different water harvesting systems considered a viable alternative both socio economically and environmentally in a country like India [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]

Answer: (i) Water harvesting is a very cheap and affordable method of conservation of water.

(ii) Indian people have in-depth knowledge of rainfall regime and soil type. They have developed techniques to harvest rainwater, groundwater, rain water and flood water in keeping with the local ecological conditions and their water needs.

(iii) Rainwater harvesting techniques are more environmental friendly as compare to multipurpose river projects.

Question: Write the features of the ‘tankas’ built in the houses of Bikaner, Phalodi and Banner. [CBSE 2013]

Answer: (i) The tanks could be as large as a big room;one household in Phalodi had a tank that was 6.1 meters deep, 4.27 meters long and 2.44 meters wide.

(ii) The tankas were part of the well-developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system and were built inside the main house or the courtyard.

(iii) They were connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe.

(iv) Rain falling on the rooftops would travel down the pipe and was stored in these underground tankas.

(v) The first spell of rain was usually not collected as this would clean the roofs and the pipes. The rainwater from the subsequent showers was then collected.

Question: Mention any two features of bamboo drip irrigation?

Answer: Features of bamboo drip irrigation ;

(i) Bamboo drip irrigation system is 200 year old system of tapping stream and stripwater by using bamboo pipe.

(ii) Bamboo pipes are used to divert perennial springs on the hilltops to the lower reaches by gravity.

Question: Why is rooftop rainwater harvesting important in Rajasthan Explain. [CBSE 2013, 14]

Answer: (i) The rainwater stored in tankas is an extremely reliable source of drinking water when all other sources are dried up.

(ii) Rainwater is considered the purest form of natural water.

(iii) Many houses constructed underground rooms adjoining the tanka to beat the summer heat as it would keep the room cool.

(iv) There is lack of perennial rivers in Rajasthan.

(v) The rainfall is not reliable in this region.

Extra Questions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Long Answer Type

Question: ‘Three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water but there is still scarcity of water across the globe.’ Explain giving three reasons. [CBSE 2011]

Answer: (i) Growing population : Growing population is one of the basic factors which is responsible for the scarcity of water. Most of our cities are facing this problem due to overpopulation. A large population means more water not only for domestic use but also to produce more food.

(ii) Commercialisation of agriculture : After the success of Green Revolution, our farmers are producing commercial crops. The commercial crops need more water and other inputs. Assured means of irrigation like tube wells and wells are responsible for the falling groundwater levels.

(iii) Industrialisation : The post independent India witnessed intensive industrialisation and urbanisation. Today, large industrial houses are common in the form of industrial units of many MNCs (Multinational Corporations). The ever increasing number of industries has made matters worse by exerting pressure on the existing freshwater resources. Industries, apart from being heavy users of water, also require power to run them. Much of this energy comes from the hydroelectric power.

(iv) Urbanisation : Urbanisation has also aggravated the problem of water scarcity. Most of our cities are overpopulated. Overpopulation leads to over- utilisation of the water resources, and also pollutes the existing resources

Question: Explain the ecological problems being faced due to the multi-purpose river projects. [CBSE 2013]

Answer: In recent years, the multi-purpose projects and large dams have come under great scrutiny and opposition for a variety of reasons :

(i) Regulating and damming of rivers affect their natural flow causing poor sediment flow and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoir, resulting in rockier streambeds and poorer habitats for the rivers, as well as the aquatic life.

(ii) Dams also fragment rivers making it difficult for the aquatic fauna to migrate, especially for spawning.

(iii) The reservoirs that are created on the flood. Plains also submerge the existing vegetation and soil leading to its decomposition over time.

(iv) Irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern of many regions with farmers shifting to water intensive and commercial crops. This has great ecological consequences like salinisation of the soil.

Question: Water is available in abundance in India even then scarcity of water is experienced in major parts of the country. Explain with four examples. [CBSE 2008 (D)]

Answer: (i) Quantitative aspect : This aspect is related to the availability of water resources. The availability of water resources varies over space and time mainly due to variations in seasonal and annual precipitation. However, water scarcity in most cases is caused by over-exploitation, excessive use and unequal access to water among different social groups.

( ii) Qualitative aspect : Now, let us consider another situation where water is sufficiently available to meet the needs of the people, but, the area still suffers from water scarcity. This scarcity may be due to bad quality of water. Lately, there has been a growing concern that even if there is ample water to meet the needs of the people, much of it may be polluted by domestic and industrial wastes, chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture, thus, making it hazardous for human use.

Question: Give any four objectives of the multipurpose river valley projects. [CBSE Sept. 2011]

Answer: (i) Generation of Power (electricity) : These multipurpose projects are the main source of power generation. According to the Economic Survey, 2013, these produce more than 39,788.40 MW power. They provide us neat, pollution free and cheapest energy which is the backbone of industry and agriculture.

(ii) Flood Control : These projects control the floods because water can be stored in them. These projects have converted many ‘rivers of sorrows’ into ‘rivers of boon’. For example, the river Kosi.

(iii) Soil Conservation : They help to conserve the soil because they slow down the speed of water.

( iv) Irrigation : These projects are the main source of irrigation for our country. These irrigate the fields during the dry seasons. Many perennial canals have been dug and they irrigate dry areas.

Question: Why are multipurpose projects facing resistance Explain with three reasons. [CBSE Sept.2010]

Answer: (i) Adverse effect on the fertility of the soil : Due to the construction of dams, there are no annual floods in the river. And because of this, the soil of the downstream region does not get nutrient rich “silt”. This decreases the fertility of the soil.

(ii) Adverse impact on aquatic life: Due to the construction of dams on the rivers, the fish in the downstream area do not get sufficient nutrient material. Regulating and damming of rivers affect the natural flow of water causing poor sediment flow downward, and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of reservoir, resulting in rockier stream beds and poorer habitats for the rivers aquatic life. Dams also fragment rivers making it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate for spawning i.e., to produce eggs.

(iii) Displacement of local communities : The building of large dams results in displacement of local communities. The local people often have to give up their land and livelihood and their meagre access and control over resources for the greater food of the nation.

(iv) Change in the cropping pattern : The multipurpose projects are responsible for providing assured means of irrigation to farmers. Due to this, most of the farmers have changed the cropping pattern shifting to water intensive and commercial crops. This has led to salinisation of soil leading to ecological imbalance.

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Class 10 Social Science Case Study Questions

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If you’re looking for CBSE Class 10 Social Science case study questions, myCBSEguide provides all the resources you need. We have a wide range of Class 10 Social Science case studies covering various topics, and our team of experts is on hand to provide guidance and support to Class 10 students. Whether you’re struggling with a particular topic or just need some extra help, myCBSEguide is the perfect place to turn.

Purpose of Class 10 Social Science

Up to the secondary level of schooling, social science is a core course. It is an essential component of a general education because it assists Class 10 Social Science students in comprehending the environment as a whole and acquiring a broader perspective as well as an empirical, reasonable, and humanitarian outlook. This is critical because it helps Class 10 Social Science students into well-informed and responsible citizens with the required qualities and skills to effectively engage and contribute to the process of development and nation-building.

Case Study Questions in Class 10 Social Science

Class 10 social science curriculum includes a wide range of topics. One way to help students learn and retain information from these topics is to incorporate case studies into the classroom. Case studies can provide real-world examples of the concepts being taught, and help students to understand how the theory can be applied in practice.

Incorporating case studies into the Class 10 social science curriculum can also help to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. By working through a case study, Class 10 social science students can learn how to identify key issues, consider different options and make decisions. These skills will be valuable in their future studies and careers.

Whichever way case studies are used, they can be a valuable addition to the Class 10 social science curriculum.

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Questions Samples

Students must solve a range of Class 10 Social Science case study questions in order to achieve good grades in Social Science. Students in Class 10 Social Science must be looking for some samples of case study questions in order to improve their grades. myCBSEguide has collected a variety of case study questions for Class 10 Social Science that will undoubtedly assist all students studying the subject. We’ve put created a collection of Class 10 Social Science case study questions for you.

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 1

Class 10 HISTORY: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: Frederic Sorrieu prepared a series of four prints visualizing his dream of a world made up of ‘democratic and social Republics’, as he called them. The first print of the series shows the peoples of Europe and America – men and women of all ages and social classes – marching in a long train, and offering homage to the Statue of Liberty as they pass by it. Artists of the time of the French Revolution personified Liberty as a female figure. She bears the torch of Enlightenment in one hand and the Charter of the Rights of Man in the other. On the earth in the foreground of the image lie the shattered remains of the symbols of absolutist institutions. In Sorrieu’s utopian vision, the peoples of the world are grouped as distinct nations, identified through their flags and national costume. Leading the procession, way past the Statue of Liberty, are the United States and Switzerland, which by this time were already nation-states. France, identifiable by the revolutionary tricolour, has just reached the statue. She is followed by the peoples of Germany, bearing the black, red and gold flag. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

Who was Frederic Sorrieu?

• French artist
• German Artist
• Italian Artist
• British Artist

In which year did Frederic Sorrier prepare a series of four prints?

Which of the following statements correctly describes “absolutist”?

• Monarchical Government
• Democratic Government
• Uncentralised Government
• Bureaucratic Government

Which of the following is correct with respect to “utopian vision”?

• Homogenous society
• Monarchical society
• Ideal society
• All are correct

Answer Key:

• (a) French artist
• (a) Monarchical Government
• (c) Ideal society

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 2

Class 10 GEOGRAPHY: Lifelines of National Economy

Read the extract and answer the question that follows:

We use different materials and services in our daily life. Some of these are available in our immediate surroundings, while other requirements are met by bringing things from other places. Goods and services do not move from supply locales to demand locales on their own. The movement of these goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport. Some people are engaged in facilitating these movements. These are known to be traders who make the products come to the consumers by transportation. Thus, the pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space. Therefore, efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for fast development.

The movement of these goods and services can be over three important domains of our earth i.e. land, water and air. Based on these, transport can also be classified into the land, water and air transport. For a long time, trade and transport were restricted to limited space. With the development in science and technology, the area of influence of trade and transport expanded far and wide.

Today, the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast-moving transport. Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of an equally developed communication system. Therefore, transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other.

• Explain the necessity of means of transport in modern times. (1)
• Enumerate the domains and means of transport. (2)
• Why are efficient means of transport pre-requisites for the fast development of the country? (2)
• The movement of goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport.
• The movement of these goods and services can be over three important domains of our earth i.e. land, water and air.
• Based on these, transport can also be classified into the land, water and air transport.
• (Any two relevant points)
• Efficient and good transport for speedy movement of goods and services to different parts of India and to fulfill the needs of the people is needed.
• Goods and services do not move from supply locations to demand locations on their own. This necessitates the need for transport.
•  Some people are engaged in facilitating these movements. They go to traders who make the products and take them to the consumers by transportation.
• Thus, the pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movements over space.

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 3

Class 10 POLITICAL SCIENCE: Power-sharing

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: The Belgian leaders recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. Between 1970 and 1993, they amended their constitution four times so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country. The arrangement they worked out is different from any other country and is very innovative. Here are some of the elements of the Belgian model:

• Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. Some special laws require the support of the majority of members from each linguistic group.
• Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.
• Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. The French-speaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch-speaking community has accepted equal representation in the Central Government.
• Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government. This ‘community government’ is elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German-speaking – no matter where they live. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

• India, Srilanka
• Belgium, Sri Lanka
• Wallonia, Brussels
• Flemish, Wallonia
• Which of the following is not the element of “Belgian model”?
• Equal number of ministers for both the groups
• Setting up of Community Government
• More power to the central government
• Equal representation at the state and central level
• “Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government”. Which of the following is incorrect with respect to this?
• The unique government is Community Government
• A single social group is given powers to handle community-related affairs
• Elected by people belonging to Dutch, French and German-speaking
• Power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues
• Which of the following title best describes the given passage?
• The ethnic composition of Belgium
• Accommodation in Sri Lanka
• Accommodation in Belgium
• The ethnic composition of Sri Lanka
• (b) Belgium, Sri Lanka
• (c) More power to central government. [Explanation: Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.]
• (b) Single social group is given powers to handle the community-related affairs. [Explanation: A community government is one in which different social groups are given powers to handle community-related affairs.]
• (c) Accommodation in Belgium

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 4

Class 10 ECONOMICS: Development

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: Besides seeking more income, oneway or the other, people also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security, and respect of others. They resent discrimination. All of these are important goals. In fact, in some cases, these may be more important than more income or more consumption because material goods are not all that you need to live. Money, or material things that one can buy with it, is one factor on which our life depends. But the quality of our life also depends on non-material things. Consider an example: If you get a job in a far-off place, before accepting it you would try to consider many factors, apart from income, such as facilities for your family, working atmosphere, or opportunity to learn. In another case, a job may give you less pay but may offer regular employment that enhances your sense of security. Another job, however, may offer high pay but no job security and also leave no time for your family. This will reduce your sense of security and freedom. Similarly, for development, people look at a mix of goals. It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases. However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women there would be more sharing of housework and a greater acceptance of women working outside. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business. Hence, the developmental goals that people have are not only about better income but also about other important things in life. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

• Opportunity to learn
• Working atmosphere
• Job security
• All of the above
• The approach of living a life in bungalows, with costly cars, bikes and international tours is ________ life.
• Materialistic
• Both a and c
• “Women, who are engaged in paid jobs are an example of persons who fulfil a mix of goals.” Which of the following statement is incorrect with the given statement?
• A secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.
• If there is respect for women, there would be greater acceptance of women working outside.
• If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society decreases.
• “Besides seeking more income, people also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security and respect of others”. What does the given statement signify?
• Mixed goals are important for people for development.
• Common goals are important for people for development.
• Conflicting goals are important for people for development.
• Similar goals are important for people for development.
• (d) All of the above
• (a) Materialistic
• (c) If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society decreases. [Explanation: If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases.]
• (a) Mixed goals are important for people for development.

Class 10 Social Science curriculum at a glance

The material of the Class 10 Social Science curriculum is mostly drawn from history, geography, politics, and economics. There are also elements of Sociology and Commerce. They provide a holistic vision of society in space and time, as well as in relation to one another. The numerous methods of inquiry used in each topic assist Class 10 Social Science students in understanding society from various perspectives and forming a comprehensive vision. Class 10 Social Science curriculum is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of various disciplines like History, Geography, Economics and Political Science.

The table below provides the complete syllabus structure for Class 10 Social Science curriculum.

Class 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE COURSE CONTENT

Reasons to choose myCBSEguide for class 10

There are many reasons to choose myCBSEguide for CBSE social science Class 10.

• First and foremost, myCBSEguide provides comprehensive and up-to-date study material for the entire syllabus including class 10 social science case study questions. In addition, myCBSEguide also provides practice questions, sample papers and previous year question papers to help students prepare for the exams.
• Another reason to choose myCBSEguide is the online tests. Online tests are a great way to test your knowledge and prepare for the exams.
• Finally, myCBSEguide also provides a “Home Work help” forum where students can ask questions and get answers.

In conclusion, myCBSEguide is the ideal resource for CBSE social science Class 10 students, offering everything they need to excel in their studies.

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5 thoughts on “Class 10 Social Science Case Study Questions”

I want all case study questions of sst

I want case study question for maths (standard)

It helped me a lot

GK MCQ Questions

I want to case study of science and math tomorrow.

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