what type of speech context is used in the interview

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Speech Context Meaning, Different Types, and Examples

What is speech context meaning and its different types..

SPEECH CONTEXT MEANING – Defining speech context and determining the different types of speech context with examples.

Communication does not only happens between two people. It can be between a person and a group or two groups of people exchanging ideas and thoughts. And speech context is about where the communication happens and how is the message relayed in the whole communication process.

Here are the types of speech context:

Intrapersonal The communication that happens within oneself. This appears that the source and the receiver of the message is the speaker himself. Often times, this is done when a person does self-reflection and analyzing his own feelings and thoughts. This is also one way in assessing yourself. Example: When choosing what course in college you would want to take. Before coming up with a decision, you’d have to assess your interests, talents, strengths, and weaknesses.
Interpersonal The communication happens between two or more persons. Depending on the relationship of these people, the communication can be formal, casual, informal, or intimate. 2 types of interpersonal communication: – dyad communication that happens between two people. Example: You and your doctor during consultation. – small group where three or more people are involved but not over 12. Example: You and your groupmates in research sharing ideas.
Public Communication This happens when a person delivers a message or talks in front of bigger number of people or listeners. Example: A politician presenting his platforms in a grand rally.
Mass Communication This happens when television, social media, newspaper, magazines, and the likes were used as channels to relay the message. Example: A weatherman discussing the path of the strong typhoon in television.
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Interview Context

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what type of speech context is used in the interview

Steve Mann 2

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Context is notoriously elastic and a difficult concept to pin down. However, a reflexive interviewer will need to engage with context before, during and after the interview, as Davies advises:

the data produced by an interview should include not just a record of what is said … but the full notes as to the contexts and how these various contexts are likely to affect the interactions that formally constitute the interview (2008: 122)

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Mann, S. (2016). Interview Context. In: The Research Interview. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137353368_3

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Context in Communication: 10 Important Types with Examples

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

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context in communication, explained below

Context in communication refers to the environment or setting in which communication takes place, which includes elements like the participants, the physical setting, the psychological environment, and the cultural backdrop.

The context of a communication process shapes the meaning, interpretation, and effectiveness of the encoded messages transmitted between the sender and the receiver.

For example, we can use context to infer whether a phrase is literal or sarcastic, whether we should be communicating formally (e.g. in a job interview) or informally (e.g. among old friends) , and so on.

Contexts we can consider when interpreting messages can include: physical, temporal, situational, historical, socio-cultural, and social-psychological contexts. Each is explored, with examples, below.

Context in Communication

Note that many of these contexts overlap and aren’t completely different to one another.

1. Temporal Context

The concept of temporal context encompasses the timing of the message delivery and the sequence of events.

For instance, a message delivered at the wrong time might not receive the intended reaction, and can lead to misunderstanding or confusion. Just ask a comedian – timing is everything!

Likewise, understanding the chronology or sequence of communicated messages helps in deriving their contextual meaning, preserving the flow and coherence of the communication.

Daily Briefings: Holding a morning briefing at the start of a workday sets employees up with essential information and tasks needed for that day’s operations, thus harnessing the temporal context.
Seasonal Product Launch: A company launching a winter clothing line in autumn uses the temporal context to appeal to customers preparing for the colder season.
Socio-political Announcements: A politician announcing campaign strategies right before election season capitalizes on the temporal context, as the timing of the announcement can garner more attention and potential voting support.

2. Social-Psychological Context

Social-psychological context refers to the climate and environment of a communication interaction shaped by interpersonal communication, relationships, status distinctions, norms, and roles.

The social status , power dynamics, and general sentiments between communicators influence their message delivery, reception, and interpretation.

Respect towards authority, friendliness between friends, adherence to societal norms and values, consideration of gender roles—all of these shape this context.

Business Communication: The power hierarchy and professional norms affect how messages are interpreted and delivered. A CEO’s message holds different weight and interpretation than a message from an intern.
Family Conversations: The interplay of roles (parents, children, siblings etc.) and emotions affect the communication within a family. Conversations have different dynamics based on the affection, understanding, or conflicts among family members.
Online Platforms: In the cyber world, anonymity influences users’ behavior and responses. This new form of social-psychological context leads to distinct communication patterns like trolling, flamewars, etc.

3. Cultural Context

Cultural context refers to the shared beliefs, values, norms, and behaviors of the people within the communicating group. The dominant cultural context in the situation will impact the communication styles expected in the situation.

This context carries substantial weight because people from different cultures often carry different communication etiquettes, norms, and interpretations. Therefore, if there are multiple different cultures at play, there can often be miscommunication due to cultural differences .

Each culture have their own gestures, pauses, conversational distance, eye contact, and many more unspoken rules, which greatly vary from one culture to another.

One key distinction is between high-context and low-context cultures:

High Context Culture : High-context culture relies heavily on implicit communication and non-verbal cues, with meaning often embedded in the social context.
Low Context Culture : Low-context culture emphasizes explicit communication, where meaning is primarily derived from the spoken or written word.
International Diplomacy: In international diplomacy, understanding cultural context is vital. The way one country’s diplomats greet another, symbolize respect, or argue their viewpoints all stem from their own cultural backgrounds , affecting communication outcomes.
Multicultural Workplaces: In diverse workplaces, cultural context influences how employees interact, negotiate, and collaborate with peers from different cultural backgrounds. Misunderstandings may occur when cultural communication styles clash.
Global Marketing: Businesses creating global marketing strategies must account for cultural differences. Advertisements must respect cultural norms and use idioms, humor, and references that resonate with the targeted audience’s culture.

4. Physical Context

Physical context refers to the actual location and environment where communication takes place, and includes the presence or absence of physical stimuli.

This type of context has a significant influence on the communication process as certain environments and surroundings can directly impact how messages are sent, received, and interpreted.

The architecture, furniture arrangement, noise levels, level of privacy, temperature, lighting: each of these aspects shape the communication environment and its dynamics.

Business Meetings: The settings of business meetings, like a formal boardroom versus a casual coffee shop, significantly influence the group communication flow. Boardrooms might encourage more formal and structured conversations, while informal settings might foster free-flowing, creative discussions.
Social Gatherings: The ambiance, noise level, and size of a gathering can affect interaction. A quiet intimate dinner party might facilitate deep, personal conversations, whereas a loud, crowded party might limit communication to short, superficial exchanges.
Online Spaces: The physical context also applies to virtual environments. The design and features of an online platform (like a professional webinar room or a relaxed group chat) shape the communication dynamics considering the physical environment of the participants, the efficiency of their electronic devices, and the robustness of their internet connections.

5. Social Context

hge social context refers to the societal structures and systems within which the communication occurs. This isn’t about cultural values but social rules, but the concepts are interlinked .

Society’s structures and systems could include family units, peer groups, organizations, societies, and even broader social-economic systems. The social context provides insight into the social roles and norms that shape the implicit rules of communication.

Classroom Setting: In an educational institution, students and teachers engage in conversations adhering to the social context of the classroom. Teachers lead, instruct, and discipline, while students follow, learn, and interact within defined norms.
Corporate Environments: The organizational structure dictates communication within a company. The way a manager communicates with an employee is distinct from the way two colleagues or two executives communicate.
Digital Platforms: On social media platforms , distinct social contexts emerge. The way users interact on LinkedIn (a professional networking site) vastly differs from interactions on Instagram (a casual, visual-sharing platform). So, understanding the nature of the platform, its audience, and behavior standards is important.

6. Historical Context

Historical context in communication refers to the background, circumstances, or events in the past that influence the understanding and interpretation of the present communication.

Messages are often interpreted through the lens of prior events and experiences, which impact the views and reception of the receiver. Historical context helps in understanding the origins and development of current communication and literature.

Without considering the historical context, communication risks misinterpretation, as messages can be tied to past time frames with distinct norms, societal behaviors, and expected reactions.

News Stories: When covering ongoing events, news outlets often reference previous happenings to provide their audience with a broader understanding of the issue. Such aliasing to historical context helps make sense of current events.
Academic Studies: Scholars often delve into the historical context when studying literature, philosophy, or sociology to precisely decipher the intended meanings, allusions, and metaphors rooted in the time when a work was created.
Political Speeches: Politicians regularly draw on historical events in their speeches to set their agenda, invoke shared sentiments, or justify their policies. Understanding this historical context helps constituents to appreciate and critically analyze their messages.

Read More: 21 Historical Context Examples

7. Relational Context

Relational context in communication refers to the established relationship and shared history between the communicators.

The history of interactions and the nature of the relationship between the communicators significantly affect the meaning extracted from their communication. In fact, the established rapport, goodwill, and trustworthiness based on prior interactions often dictate the manner of current and future interactions.

Relational context also affects how messages are presented. Friends will communicate differently than strangers, and long-term colleagues will communicate differently than newly-introduced workmates.

Friends’ Gatherings: At a friends’ gathering, individuals speak openly, use inside jokes, and demonstrate behaviors governed by their established relational context.
Teacher-Student Interaction: In an academic setting, the teacher-student relationship—shaped by perceived roles, past encounters, and established rapport—affects how they communicate, impacting the learning experience .
Negotiations: During business negotiations, the history of business dealings sets a relational context influencing the trust levels, negotiation techniques, and potential outcomes of the negotiation. Understanding this relational context is crucial for successful negotiations.

8. Functional Context

Functional context refers to the intended goal or function of communication.

The function can vary from giving or receiving information, problem-solving, decision-making, persuading, entertaining, expressing feelings, and so forth. This context will affect the method of communication used and the kind of content that’s conducive to achieving the intended goal.

Understanding the function of communication can lead to selecting the right communication practices to facilitate the desired outcomes.

Educational Courses: In a classroom setting, the functional context is to transfer knowledge and skills from the teacher to the students, shaping the communication forms like lectures, discussions, and evaluations.
Business Meetings: Business meetings serve multiple functions such as information exchange, decision-making, problem-solving, which govern the meeting’s agenda, protocols, and the participants’ communication.
Social Media Platforms: The functional context varies across different social media platforms. Platforms like Twitter are more news-centric and involve information sharing, while Instagram focuses more on visual experiences and personal sharing. Each one’s functional context shapes user behavior, communication, and engagement.

9. Situational Context

Situational context refers to the specific circumstances or events that surround a communication act.

These circumstances can include factors like the event that led to this communication, the reason for communicating, and the immediate reactions required by the situation. It shapes the communication and its urgency, formality, and style.

Situational context is important in understanding the nuances of messages that can be lost without understanding the specific circumstances of the situation.

Emergency Services: In emergencies like natural disasters, the situational context necessitates immediate, clear, and precise communication to coordinate rescue efforts.
Job Interviews: The situational context of a job interview involves formal communication focusing on the candidate’s qualifications, experience, and fit for a job.
Wedding Toasts: At a wedding, speeches and toasts are guided by the situational context. They focus on celebrating the couple, sharing anecdotes , expressing well wishes, and maintaining a festive atmosphere.

10. Environmental Context

Environmental context in communication encompasses the broader physical, social, and cultural environment impacting the communication process.

This can include the geographical location, cultural norms, societal structures, climatic conditions, and the available communication infrastructure of this environment.

Often, environmental context creates potential barriers or facilitators to effective communication, and understanding it can enhance the adaptation and effectiveness of communication strategies.

Rural vs. Urban Settings: In a rural setting, limited technological infrastructure can affect the mode and speed of communication compared with an urban context equipped with advanced technology.
Cross-Cultural Communication: Understanding the cultural and social norms of the environment is crucial in cross-cultural communication to ensure respect and effective communication.
Climate Communication: In areas prone to natural disasters, communication often involves preparedness measures, safety procedures, and updates about climate conditions, reflecting the environmental context’s influence on communication.

Before you Go

To learn how to understand context in communication, visit my guide on context clues .
To learn more about context, visit my guide to the different types of context .
To learn more about communication, visit my guide to the different communication styles .

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