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How to Write a Perfect Synthesis Essay for the AP Language Exam

Advanced Placement (AP)

If you're planning to take the AP Language (or AP Lang) exam , you might already know that 55% of your overall exam score will be based on three essays. The first of the three essays you'll have to write on the AP Language exam is called the "synthesis essay." If you want to earn full points on this portion of the AP Lang Exam, you need to know what a synthesis essay is and what skills are assessed by the AP Lang synthesis essay.

In this article, we'll explain the different aspects of the AP Lang synthesis essay, including what skills you need to demonstrate in your synthesis essay response in order to achieve a good score. We'll also give you a full breakdown of a real AP Lang Synthesis Essay prompt, provide an analysis of an AP Lang synthesis essay example, and give you four tips for how to write a synthesis essay.

Let's get started by taking a closer look at how the AP Lang synthesis essay works!

Synthesis Essay AP Lang: What It Is and How It Works

The AP Lang synthesis essay is the first of three essays included in the Free Response section of the AP Lang exam.

The AP Lang synthesis essay portion of the Free Response section lasts for one hour total . This hour consists of a recommended 15 minute reading period and a 40 minute writing period. Keep in mind that these time allotments are merely recommendations, and that exam takers can parse out the allotted 60 minutes to complete the synthesis essay however they choose.

Now, here's what the structure of the AP Lang synthesis essay looks like. The exam presents six to seven sources that are organized around a specific topic (like alternative energy or eminent domain, which are both past synthesis exam topics).

Of these six to seven sources, at least two are visual , including at least one quantitative source (like a graph or pie chart, for example). The remaining four to five sources are print text-based, and each one contains approximately 500 words.

In addition to six to seven sources, the AP Lang exam provides a written prompt that consists of three paragraphs. The prompt will briefly explain the essay topic, then present a claim that students will respond to in an essay that synthesizes material from at least three of the sources provided.

Here's an example prompt provided by the College Board:

Directions : The following prompt is based on the accompanying six sources.

This question requires you to integrate a variety of sources into a coherent, well-written essay. Refer to the sources to support your position; avoid mere paraphrase or summary. Your argument should be central; the sources should support this argument .

Remember to attribute both direct and indirect citations.

Introduction

Television has been influential in United States presidential elections since the 1960's. But just what is this influence, and how has it affected who is elected? Has it made elections fairer and more accessible, or has it moved candidates from pursuing issues to pursuing image?

Read the following sources (including any introductory information) carefully. Then, in an essay that synthesizes at least three of the sources for support, take a position that defends, challenges, or qualifies the claim that television has had a positive impact on presidential elections.

Refer to the sources as Source A, Source B, etc.; titles are included for your convenience.

Source A (Campbell) Source B (Hart and Triece) Source C (Menand) Source D (Chart) Source E (Ranney) Source F (Koppel)

Like we mentioned earlier, this prompt gives you a topic — which it briefly explains — then asks you to take a position. In this case, you'll have to choose a stance on whether television has positively or negatively affected U.S. elections. You're also given six sources to evaluate and use in your response. Now that you have everything you need, now your job is to write an amazing synthesis essay.

But what does "synthesize" mean, exactly? According to the CollegeBoard, when an essay prompt asks you to synthesize, it means that you should "combine different perspectives from sources to form a support of a coherent position" in writing. In other words, a synthesis essay asks you to state your claim on a topic, then highlight the relationships between several sources that support your claim on that topic. Additionally, you'll need to cite specific evidence from your sources to prove your point.

The synthesis essay counts for six of the total points on the AP Lang exam . Students can receive 0-1 points for writing a thesis statement in the essay, 0-4 based on incorporation of evidence and commentary, and 0-1 points based on sophistication of thought and demonstrated complex understanding of the topic.

You'll be evaluated based on how effectively you do the following in your AP Lang synthesis essay:

Write a thesis that responds to the exam prompt with a defensible position

Provide specific evidence that to support all claims in your line of reasoning from at least three of the sources provided, and clearly and consistently explain how the evidence you include supports your line of reasoning

Demonstrate sophistication of thought by either crafting a thoughtful argument, situating the argument in a broader context, explaining the limitations of an argument

Make rhetorical choices that strengthen your argument and/or employ a vivid and persuasive style throughout your essay.

If your synthesis essay meets the criteria above, then there's a good chance you'll score well on this portion of the AP Lang exam!

If you're looking for even more information on scoring, the College Board has posted the AP Lang Free Response grading rubric on its website. ( You can find it here. ) We recommend taking a close look at it since it includes additional details about the synthesis essay scoring.

Don't be intimidated...we're going to teach you how to break down even the hardest AP synthesis essay prompt.

Full Breakdown of a Real AP Lang Synthesis Essay Prompt

In this section, we'll teach you how to analyze and respond to a synthesis essay prompt in five easy steps, including suggested time frames for each step of the process.

Step 1: Analyze the Prompt

The very first thing to do when the clock starts running is read and analyze the prompt. To demonstrate how to do this, we'll look at the sample AP Lang synthesis essay prompt below. This prompt comes straight from the 2018 AP Lang exam:

Eminent domain is the power governments have to acquire property from private owners for public use. The rationale behind eminent domain is that governments have greater legal authority over lands within their dominion than do private owners. Eminent domain has been instituted in one way or another throughout the world for hundreds of years.

Carefully read the following six sources, including the introductory information for each source. Then synthesize material from at least three of the sources and incorporate it into a coherent, well-developed essay that defends, challenges, or qualifies the notion that eminent domain is productive and beneficial.

Your argument should be the focus of your essay. Use the sources to develop your argument and explain the reasoning for it. Avoid merely summarizing the sources. Indicate clearly which sources you are drawing from, whether through direct quotation, paraphrase, or summary. You may cite the sources as Source A, Source B, etc., or by using the descriptions in parentheses.

On first read, you might be nervous about how to answer this prompt...especially if you don't know what eminent domain is! But if you break the prompt down into chunks, you'll be able to figure out what the prompt is asking you to do in no time flat.

To get a full understanding of what this prompt wants you to do, you need to identify the most important details in this prompt, paragraph by paragraph. Here's what each paragraph is asking you to do:

• Paragraph 1: The prompt presents and briefly explains the topic that you'll be writing your synthesis essay about. That topic is the concept of eminent domain.
• Paragraph 2: The prompt presents a specific claim about the concept of eminent domain in this paragraph: Eminent domain is productive and beneficial. This paragraph instructs you to decide whether you want to defend, challenge, or qualify that claim in your synthesis essay , and use material from at least three of the sources provided in order to do so.
• Paragraph 3: In the last paragraph of the prompt, the exam gives you clear instructions about how to approach writing your synthesis essay . First, make your argument the focus of the essay. Second, use material from at least three of the sources to develop and explain your argument. Third, provide commentary on the material you include, and provide proper citations when you incorporate quotations, paraphrases, or summaries from the sources provided.

So basically, you'll have to agree with, disagree with, or qualify the claim stated in the prompt, then use at least three sources substantiate your answer. Since you probably don't know much about eminent domain, you'll probably decide on your position after you read the provided sources.

To make good use of your time on the exam, you should spend around 2 minutes reading the prompt and making note of what it's asking you to do. That will leave you plenty of time to read the sources provided, which is the next step to writing a synthesis essay.

Step 2: Read the Sources Carefully

After you closely read the prompt and make note of the most important details, you need to read all of the sources provided. It's tempting to skip one or two sources to save time--but we recommend you don't do this. That's because you'll need a thorough understanding of the topic before you can accurately address the prompt!

For the sample exam prompt included above, there are six sources provided. We're not going to include all of the sources in this article, but you can view the six sources from this question on the 2018 AP Lang exam here . The sources include five print-text sources and one visual source, which is a cartoon.

As you read the sources, it's important to read quickly and carefully. Don't rush! Keep your pencil in hand to quickly mark important passages that you might want to use as evidence in your synthesis. While you're reading the sources and marking passages, you want to think about how the information you're reading influences your stance on the issue (in this case, eminent domain).

When you finish reading, take a few seconds to summarize, in a phrase or sentence, whether the source defends, challenges, or qualifies whether eminent domain is beneficial (which is the claim in the prompt) . Though it might not feel like you have time for this, it's important to give yourself these notes about each source so you know how you can use each one as evidence in your essay.

Here's what we mean: say you want to challenge the idea that eminent domain is useful. If you've jotted down notes about each source and what it's saying, it will be easier for you to pull the relevant information into your outline and your essay.

So how much time should you spend reading the provided sources? The AP Lang exam recommends taking 15 minutes to read the sources . If you spend around two of those minutes reading and breaking down the essay prompt, it makes sense to spend the remaining 13 minutes reading and annotating the sources.

If you finish reading and annotating early, you can always move on to drafting your synthesis essay. But make sure you're taking your time and reading carefully! It's better to use a little extra time reading and understanding the sources now so that you don't have to go back and re-read the sources later.

A strong thesis will do a lot of heavy lifting in your essay. (See what we did there?)

Step 3: Write a Strong Thesis Statement

After you've analyzed the prompt and thoroughly read the sources, the next thing you need to do in order to write a good synthesis essay is write a strong thesis statement .

The great news about writing a thesis statement for this synthesis essay is that you have all the tools you need to do it at your fingertips. All you have to do in order to write your thesis statement is decide what your stance is in relationship to the topic provided.

In the example prompt provided earlier, you're essentially given three choices for how to frame your thesis statement: you can either defend, challenge, or qualify a claim that's been provided by the prompt, that eminent domain is productive and beneficial . Here's what that means for each option:

If you choose to defend the claim, your job will be to prove that the claim is correct . In this case, you'll have to show that eminent domain is a good thing.

If you choose to challenge the claim, you'll argue that the claim is incorrect. In other words, you'll argue that eminent domain isn't productive or beneficial.

If you choose to qualify, that means you'll agree with part of the claim, but disagree with another part of the claim. For instance, you may argue that eminent domain can be a productive tool for governments, but it's not beneficial for property owners. Or maybe you argue that eminent domain is useful in certain circumstances, but not in others.

When you decide whether you want your synthesis essay to defend, challenge, or qualify that claim, you need to convey that stance clearly in your thesis statement. You want to avoid simply restating the claim provided in the prompt, summarizing the issue without making a coherent claim, or writing a thesis that doesn't respond to the prompt.

Here's an example of a thesis statement that received full points on the eminent domain synthesis essay:

Although eminent domain can be misused to benefit private interests at the expense of citizens, it is a vital tool of any government that intends to have any influence on the land it governs beyond that of written law.

This thesis statement received full points because it states a defensible position and establishes a line of reasoning on the issue of eminent domain. It states the author's position (that some parts of eminent domain are good, but others are bad), then goes on to explain why the author thinks that (it's good because it allows the government to do its job, but it's bad because the government can misuse its power.)

Because this example thesis statement states a defensible position and establishes a line of reasoning, it can be elaborated upon in the body of the essay through sub-claims, supporting evidence, and commentary. And a solid argument is key to getting a six on your synthesis essay for AP Lang!

Step 4: Create a Bare-Bones Essay Outline

Once you've got your thesis statement drafted, you have the foundation you need to develop a bare bones outline for your synthesis essay. Developing an outline might seem like it's a waste of your precious time, but if you develop your outline well, it will actually save you time when you start writing your essay.

With that in mind, we recommend spending 5 to 10 minutes outlining your synthesis essay . If you use a bare-bones outline like the one below, labeling each piece of content that you need to include in your essay draft, you should be able to develop out the most important pieces of the synthesis before you even draft the actual essay.

To help you see how this can work on test day, we've created a sample outline for you. You can even memorize this outline to help you out on test day! In the outline below, you'll find places to fill in a thesis statement, body paragraph topic sentences, evidence from the sources provided, and commentary :

• Present the context surrounding the essay topic in a couple of sentences (this is a good place to use what you learned about the major opinions or controversies about the topic from reading your sources).
• Write a straightforward, clear, and concise thesis statement that presents your stance on the topic
• Topic sentence presenting first supporting point or claim
• Evidence #1
• Commentary on Evidence #1
• Evidence #2 (if needed)
• Commentary on Evidence #2 (if needed)
• Topic sentence presenting second supporting point or claim
• Topic sentence presenting three supporting point or claim
• Sums up the main line of reasoning that you developed and defended throughout the essay
• Reiterates the thesis statement

Taking the time to develop these crucial pieces of the synthesis in a bare-bones outline will give you a map for your final essay. Once you have a map, writing the essay will be much easier.

Step 5: Draft Your Essay Response

The great thing about taking a few minutes to develop an outline is that you can develop it out into your essay draft. After you take about 5 to 10 minutes to outline your synthesis essay, you can use the remaining 30 to 35 minutes to draft your essay and review it.

Since you'll outline your essay before you start drafting, writing the essay should be pretty straightforward. You'll already know how many paragraphs you're going to write, what the topic of each paragraph will be, and what quotations, paraphrases, or summaries you're going to include in each paragraph from the sources provided. You'll just have to fill in one of the most important parts of your synthesis—your commentary.

Commentaries are your explanation of why your evidence supports the argument you've outlined in your thesis. Your commentary is where you actually make your argument, which is why it's such a critical part of your synthesis essay.

When thinking about what to say in your commentary, remember one thing the AP Lang synthesis essay prompt specifies: don't just summarize the sources. Instead, as you provide commentary on the evidence you incorporate, you need to explain how that evidence supports or undermines your thesis statement . You should include commentary that offers a thoughtful or novel perspective on the evidence from your sources to develop your argument.

One very important thing to remember as you draft out your essay is to cite your sources. The AP Lang exam synthesis essay prompt indicates that you can use generic labels for the sources provided (e.g. "Source 1," "Source 2," "Source 3," etc.). The exam prompt will indicate which label corresponds with which source, so you'll need to make sure you pay attention and cite sources accurately. You can cite your sources in the sentence where you introduce a quote, summary, or paraphrase, or you can use a parenthetical citation. Citing your sources affects your score on the synthesis essay, so remembering to do this is important.

Keep reading for a real-life example of a great AP synthesis essay response!

Real-Life AP Synthesis Essay Example and Analysis

If you're still wondering how to write a synthesis essay, examples of real essays from past AP Lang exams can make things clearer. These real-life student AP synthesis essay responses can be great for helping you understand how to write a synthesis essay that will knock the graders' socks off .

While there are multiple essay examples online, we've chosen one to take a closer look at. We're going to give you a brief analysis of one of these example student synthesis essays from the 2019 AP Lang Exam below!

Example Synthesis Essay AP Lang Response

To get started, let's look at the official prompt for the 2019 synthesis essay:

In response to our society's increasing demand for energy, large-scale wind power has drawn attention from governments and consumers as a potential alternative to traditional materials that fuel our power grids, such as coal, oil, natural gas, water, or even newer sources such as nuclear or solar power. Yet the establishment of large-scale, commercial-grade wind farms is often the subject of controversy for a variety of reasons.

Carefully read the six sources, found on the AP English Language and Composition 2019 Exam (Question 1), including the introductory information for each source. Write an essay that synthesizes material from at least three of the sources and develops your position on the most important factors that an individual or agency should consider when deciding whether to establish a wind farm.

Source A (photo) Source B (Layton) Source C (Seltenrich) Source D (Brown) Source E (Rule) Source F (Molla)

In your response you should do the following:

• Respond to the prompt with a thesis presents a defensible position.
• Select and use evidence from at least 3 of the provided sources to support your line of reasoning. Indicate clearly the sources used through direct quotation, paraphrase, or summary. Sources may be cited as Source A, Source B, etc., or by using the description in parentheses.
• Explain how the evidence supports your line of reasoning.
• Use appropriate grammar and punctuation in communicating your argument.

Now that you know exactly what the prompt asked students to do on the 2019 AP Lang synthesis essay, here's an AP Lang synthesis essay example, written by a real student on the AP Lang exam in 2019:

[1] The situation has been known for years, and still very little is being done: alternative power is the only way to reliably power the changing world. The draw of power coming from industry and private life is overwhelming current sources of non-renewable power, and with dwindling supplies of fossil fuels, it is merely a matter of time before coal and gas fuel plants are no longer in operation. So one viable alternative is wind power. But as with all things, there are pros and cons. The main factors for power companies to consider when building wind farms are environmental boon, aesthetic, and economic factors.

[2] The environmental benefits of using wind power are well-known and proven. Wind power is, as qualified by Source B, undeniably clean and renewable. From their production requiring very little in the way of dangerous materials to their lack of fuel, besides that which occurs naturally, wind power is by far one of the least environmentally impactful sources of power available. In addition, wind power by way of gearbox and advanced blade materials, has the highest percentage of energy retention. According to Source F, wind power retains 1,164% of the energy put into the system – meaning that it increases the energy converted from fuel (wind) to electricity 10 times! No other method of electricity production is even half that efficient. The efficiency and clean nature of wind power are important to consider, especially because they contribute back to power companies economically.

[3] Economically, wind power is both a boon and a bone to electric companies and other users. For consumers, wind power is very cheap, leading to lower bills than from any other source. Consumers also get an indirect reimbursement by way of taxes (Source D). In one Texan town, McCamey, tax revenue increased 30% from a wind farm being erected in the town. This helps to finance improvements to the town. But, there is no doubt that wind power is also hurting the power companies. Although, as renewable power goes, wind is incredibly cheap, it is still significantly more expensive than fossil fuels. So, while it is helping to cut down on emissions, it costs electric companies more than traditional fossil fuel plants. While the general economic trend is positive, there are some setbacks which must be overcome before wind power can take over as truly more effective than fossil fuels.

[4] Aesthetics may be the greatest setback for power companies. Although there may be significant economic and environmental benefit to wind power, people will always fight to preserve pure, unspoiled land. Unfortunately, not much can be done to improve the visual aesthetics of the turbines. White paint is the most common choice because it "[is] associated with cleanliness." (Source E). But, this can make it stand out like a sore thumb, and make the gargantuan machines seem more out of place. The site can also not be altered because it affects generating capacity. Sound is almost worse of a concern because it interrupts personal productivity by interrupting people's sleep patterns. One thing for power companies to consider is working with turbine manufacturing to make the machines less aesthetically impactful, so as to garner greater public support.

[5] As with most things, wind power has no easy answer. It is the responsibility of the companies building them to weigh the benefits and the consequences. But, by balancing economics, efficiency, and aesthetics, power companies can create a solution which balances human impact with environmental preservation.

And that's an entire AP Lang synthesis essay example, written in response to a real AP Lang exam prompt! It's important to remember AP Lang exam synthesis essay prompts are always similarly structured and worded, and students often respond in around the same number of paragraphs as what you see in the example essay response above.

Next, let's analyze this example essay and talk about what it does effectively, where it could be improved upon, and what score past exam scorers awarded it.

To get started on an analysis of the sample synthesis essay, let's look at the scoring commentary provided by the College Board:

• For development of thesis, the essay received 1 out of 1 possible points
• For evidence and commentary, the essay received 4 out of 4 possible points
• For sophistication of thought, the essay received 0 out of 1 possible points.

This means that the final score for this example essay was a 5 out of 6 possible points . Let's look more closely at the content of the example essay to figure out why it received this score breakdown.

Thesis Development

The thesis statement is one of the three main categories that is taken into consideration when you're awarded points on this portion of the exam. This sample essay received 1 out of 1 total points.

Now, here's why: the thesis statement clearly and concisely conveys a position on the topic presented in the prompt--alternative energy and wind power--and defines the most important factors that power companies should consider when deciding whether to establish a wind farm.

Evidence and Commentary

The second key category taken into consideration when synthesis exams are evaluated is incorporation of evidence and commentary. This sample received 4 out of 4 possible points for this portion of the synthesis essay. At bare minimum, this sample essay meets the requirement mentioned in the prompt that the writer incorporate evidence from at least three of the sources provided.

On top of that, the writer does a good job of connecting the incorporated evidence back to the claim made in the thesis statement through effective commentary. The commentary in this sample essay is effective because it goes beyond just summarizing what the provided sources say. Instead, it explains and analyzes the evidence presented in the selected sources and connects them back to supporting points the writer makes in each body paragraph.

Finally, the writer of the essay also received points for evidence and commentary because the writer developed and supported a consistent line of reasoning throughout the essay . This line of reasoning is summed up in the fourth paragraph in the following sentence: "One thing for power companies to consider is working with turbine manufacturing to make the machines less aesthetically impactful, so as to garner greater public support."

Because the writer did a good job consistently developing their argument and incorporating evidence, they received full marks in this category. So far, so good!

Sophistication of Thought

Now, we know that this essay received a score of 5 out of 6 total points, and the place where the writer lost a point was on the basis of sophistication of thought, for which the writer received 0 out of 1 points. That's because this sample essay makes several generalizations and vague claims where it could have instead made specific claims that support a more balanced argument.

For example, in the following sentence from the 5th paragraph of the sample essay, the writer misses the opportunity to state specific possibilities that power companies should consider for wind energy . Instead, the writer is ambiguous and non-committal, saying, "As with most things, wind power has no easy answer. It is the responsibility of the companies building them to weigh the benefits and consequences."

If the writer of this essay was interested in trying to get that 6th point on the synthesis essay response, they could consider making more specific claims. For instance, they could state the specific benefits and consequences power companies should consider when deciding whether to establish a wind farm. These could include things like environmental impacts, economic impacts, or even population density!

Despite losing one point in the last category, this example synthesis essay is a strong one. It's well-developed, thoughtfully written, and advances an argument on the exam topic using evidence and support throughout.

4 Tips for How to Write a Synthesis Essay

AP Lang is a timed exam, so you have to pick and choose what you want to focus on in the limited time you're given to write the synthesis essay. Keep reading to get our expert advice on what you should focus on during your exam.

Tip 1: Read the Prompt First

It may sound obvious, but when you're pressed for time, it's easy to get flustered. Just remember: when it comes time to write the synthesis essay, read the prompt first !

Why is it so important to read the prompt before you read the sources? Because when you're aware of what kind of question you're trying to answer, you'll be able to read the sources more strategically. The prompt will help give you a sense of what claims, points, facts, or opinions to be looking for as you read the sources.

Reading the sources without having read the prompt first is kind of like trying to drive while wearing a blindfold: you can probably do it, but it's likely not going to end well!

Tip 2: Make Notes While You Read

During the 15-minute reading period at the beginning of the synthesis essay, you'll be reading through the sources as quickly as you can. After all, you're probably anxious to start writing!

While it's definitely important to make good use of your time, it's also important to read closely enough that you understand your sources. Careful reading will allow you to identify parts of the sources that will help you support your thesis statement in your essay, too.

As you read the sources, consider marking helpful passages with a star or check mark in the margins of the exam so you know which parts of the text to quickly re-read as you form your synthesis essay. You might also consider summing up the key points or position of each source in a sentence or a few words when you finish reading each source during the reading period. Doing so will help you know where each source stands on the topic given and help you pick the three (or more!) that will bolster your synthesis argument.

Tip 3: Start With the Thesis Statement

If you don't start your synthesis essay with a strong thesis statement, it's going to be tough to write an effective synthesis essay. As soon as you finish reading and annotating the provided sources, the thing you want to do next is write a strong thesis statement.

According to the CollegeBoard grading guidelines for the AP Lang synthesis essay, a strong thesis statement will respond to the prompt— not restate or rephrase the prompt. A good thesis will take a clear, defensible position on the topic presented in the prompt and the sources.

In other words, to write a solid thesis statement to guide the rest of your synthesis essay, you need to think about your position on the topic at hand and then make a claim about the topic based on your position. This position will either be defending, challenging, or qualifying the claim made in the essay's prompt.

The defensible position that you establish in your thesis statement will guide your argument in the rest of the essay, so it's important to do this first. Once you have a strong thesis statement, you can begin outlining your essay.

Tip 4: Focus on Your Commentary

Writing thoughtful, original commentary that explains your argument and your sources is important. In fact, doing this well will earn you four points (out of a total of six)!

AP Lang provides six to seven sources for you on the exam, and you'll be expected to incorporate quotations, paraphrases, or summaries from at least three of those sources into your synthesis essay and interpret that evidence for the reader.

While incorporating evidence is very important, in order to get the extra point for "sophistication of thought" on the synthesis essay, it's important to spend more time thinking about your commentary on the evidence you choose to incorporate. The commentary is your chance to show original thinking, strong rhetorical skills, and clearly explain how the evidence you've included supports the stance you laid out in your thesis statement.

To earn the 6th possible point on the synthesis essay, make sure your commentary demonstrates a nuanced understanding of the source material, explains this nuanced understanding, and places the evidence incorporated from the sources in conversation with each other. To do this, make sure you're avoiding vague language. Be specific when you can, and always tie your commentary back to your thesis!

What's Next?

There's a lot more to the AP Language exam than just the synthesis essay. Be sure to check out our expert guide to the entire exam , then learn more about the tricky multiple choice section .

Is the AP Lang exam hard...or is it easy? See how it stacks up to other AP tests on our list of the hardest AP exams .

Did you know there are technically two English AP exams? You can learn more about the second English AP test, the AP Literature exam, in this article . And if you're confused about whether you should take the AP Lang or AP Lit test , we can help you make that decision, too.

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Ashley Sufflé Robinson has a Ph.D. in 19th Century English Literature. As a content writer for PrepScholar, Ashley is passionate about giving college-bound students the in-depth information they need to get into the school of their dreams.

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What is the ap lang synthesis essay, how will ap scores affect my college chances.

AP English Language and Composition, commonly known as AP Lang, is one of the most engaging and popular AP classes offered at most high schools, with over 535,000 students taking the class . AP Lang tests your ability to analyze written pieces, synthesize information, write rhetorical essays, and create cohesive and concrete arguments. However, the class is rather challenging as only 62% of students were able to score a three or higher on the exam. 

The AP Lang exam has two sections. The first consists of 45 multiple choice questions which need to be completed in an hour. This portion counts for around 45% of your total score. These questions ask students to analyze written pieces and answer questions related to each respective passage.  All possible answer choices can be found within the text, and no prior knowledge of literature is needed to understand the passages.

The second section contains three free-response questions to be finished in under two hours and 15 minutes. This section counts for 55% of your score and includes the synthesis essay, the rhetorical essay, and the argumentative essay.

• The synthesis essay requires you to read 6-7 sources and create an argument using at least three sources.
• The rhetorical analysis essay requires you to describe how a piece of writing evokes specific meanings and symbolism.
• The argumentative essay requires you to pick a perspective of a debate and create an argument based on the evidence provided.

In this post, we will take a look at the AP Lang synthesis essay and discuss tips and tricks to master this part of the exam. We will also provide an example of a well-written essay for review.  

The AP Lang synthesis essay is the first of three essays included in the Free Response section of the AP Lang exam. The exam presents 6-7 sources that are organized around a specific topic, with two of those sources purely visual, including a single quantitative source (like a graph or pie chart). The remaining 4-5 sources are text-based, containing around 500 words each. It’s recommended that students spend an hour on this essay—15 minute reading period, 40 minutes writing, and 5 minutes of spare time to check over work.

Each synthesis essay has a topic that all the sources will relate to. A prompt will explaining the topic and provide some background, although the topics are usually broad so you will probably know something related to the issue. It will also present a claim that students will respond to in an essay format using information from at least three of the provided sources. You will need to take a stance, either agreeing or disagreeing with the position provided in the claim. 

According to the CollegeBoard, they are looking for essays that “combine different perspectives from sources to form a support of a coherent position.” This means that you must state your claim on the topic and highlight relationships between several sources that support your specific position on the topic. Additionally, you’ll need to cite clear evidence from your sources to prove your point.

The synthesis essay counts for six points on the AP Lang exam. Students can receive 0-1 points for writing a thesis statement, 0-4 based on the incorporation of evidence and commentary, and 0-1 points based on the sophistication of thought and demonstration of complex understanding.

While this essay seems extremely overwhelming, considering there are a total of three free-response essays to complete, with proper time management and practiced skills, this essay is manageable and straightforward. In order to enhance the time management aspect of the test to the best of your ability, it is essential to divide the essay up into five key steps.

Step 1: Analyze the Prompt

As soon as the clock starts, carefully read and analyze what the prompt asks from you. It might be helpful to markup the text to identify the most critical details. You should only spend around 2 minutes reading the prompt so you have enough time to read all the sources and figure out your argument. Don’t feel like you need to immediately pick your stance on the claim right after reading the prompt. You should read the sources before you commit to your argument.

Step 2: Read the Sources Carefully

Although you are only required to use 3 of the 6-7 sources provides, make sure you read ALL of the sources. This will allow you to better understand the topic and make the most educated decision of which sources to use in your essay. Since there are a lot of sources to get through, you will need to read quickly and carefully.

Annotating will be your best friend during the reading period. Highlight and mark important concepts or lines from each passage that would be helpful in your essay. Your argument will probably begin forming in your head as you go through the passages, so you will save yourself a lot of time later on if you take a few seconds to write down notes in the margins. After you’ve finished reading a source, reflect on whether the source defends, challenges, or qualifies your argument.

You will have around 13 minutes to read through all the sources, but it’s very possible you will finish earlier if you are a fast reader. Take the leftover time to start developing your thesis and organizing your thoughts into an outline so you have more time to write. 

Step 3: Write a Strong Thesis Statement 

In order to write a good thesis statement, all you have to do is decide your stance on the claim provided in the prompt and give an overview of your evidence. You essentially have three choices on how to frame your thesis statement: You can defend, challenge or qualify a claim that’s been provided by the prompt. 

• If you are defending the claim, your job will be to prove that the claim is correct .
• If you are challenging the claim, your job will be to prove that the claim is incorrect .
• If you choose to qualify the claim, your job will be to agree to a part of the claim and disagree with another part of the claim. 

A strong thesis statement will clearly state your stance without summarizing the issue or regurgitating the claim. The CollegeBoard is looking for a thesis statement that “states a defensible position and establishes a line of reasoning on the issue provided in the prompt.”

Step 4: Create a Minimal Essay Outline

Developing an outline might seem like a waste of time when you are up against the clock, but believe us, taking 5-10 minutes to outline your essay will be much more useful in the long run than jumping right into the essay.

Your outline should include your thesis statement and three main pieces of evidence that will constitute each body paragraph. Under each piece of evidence should be 2-3 details from the sources that you will use to back up your claim and some commentary on how that evidence proves your thesis.

Step 5: Write your Essay

Use the remaining 30-35 minutes to write your essay. This should be relatively easy if you took the time to mark up the sources and have a detailed outline.  Remember to add special consideration and emphasis to the commentary sections of the supporting arguments outlined in your thesis. These sentences are critical to the overall flow of the essay and where you will be explaining how the evidence supports or undermines the claim in the prompt.

Also, when referencing your sources, write the in-text citations as follows: “Source 1,” “Source 2,” “Source 3,” etc. Make sure to pay attention to which source is which in order to not incorrectly cite your sources. In-text citations will impact your score on the essay and are an integral part of the process.

After you finish writing, read through your essay for any grammatical errors or mistakes before you move onto the next essay.

Here are six must-have tips and tricks to get a good score on the synthesis essay:

• Cite at least four sources , even though the minimum requirement is three. Remember not to plagiarize and cite everything you use in your arguments.
• Make sure to develop a solid and clear thesis . Develop a stable stance for the claim and stick with it throughout the entire paper.
• Don’t summarize the sources. The summary of the sources does not count as an argument. 
• You don’t necessarily have to agree with the sources in order to cite them. Using a source to support a counterargument is still a good use of a source.
• Cite the sources that you understand entirely . If you don’t, it could come back to bite you in the end. 
• Use small quotes , do not quote entire paragraphs. Make sure the quote does not disrupt the flow or grammar of the sentence you write. 

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Here is an example prompt and essay from 2019 that received 5 of the 6 total points available:

In response to our society’s increasing demand for energy, large-scale wind power has drawn attention from governments and consumers as a potential alternative to traditional materials that fuel our power grids, such as coal, oil, natural gas, water, or even newer sources such as nuclear or solar power. Yet the establishment of large-scale, commercial-grade wind farms is often the subject of controversy for a variety of reasons.

Carefully read the six sources, found on the AP English Language and Composition 2019 Exam (Question 1), including the introductory information for each source. Write an essay that synthesizes material from at least three of the sources and develops your position on the most important factors that an individual or agency should consider when deciding whether to establish a wind farm.

Source A (photo)

Source B (Layton)

Source C (Seltenrich)

Source D (Brown)

Source E (Rule)

Source F (Molla)

In your response you should do the following:

• Respond to the prompt with a thesis presents a defensible position.
• Select and use evidence from at least 3 of the provided sources to support your line of reasoning. Indicate clearly the sources used through direct quotation, paraphrase, or summary. Sources may be cited as Source A, Source B, etc., or by using the description in parentheses.
• Explain how the evidence supports your line of reasoning.
• Use appropriate grammar and punctuation in communicating your argument.

[1] The situation has been known for years, and still very little is being done: alternative power is the only way to reliably power the changing world. The draw of power coming from industry and private life is overwhelming current sources of non-renewable power, and with dwindling supplies of fossil fuels, it is merely a matter of time before coal and gas fuel plants are no longer in operation. So one viable alternative is wind power. But as with all things, there are pros and cons. The main factors for power companies to consider when building wind farms are environmental boon, aesthetic, and economic factors.

[2] The environmental benefits of using wind power are well-known and proven. Wind power is, as qualified by Source B, undeniably clean and renewable. From their production requiring very little in the way of dangerous materials to their lack of fuel, besides that which occurs naturally, wind power is by far one of the least environmentally impactful sources of power available. In addition, wind power by way of gearbox and advanced blade materials, has the highest percentage of energy retention. According to Source F, wind power retains 1,164% of the energy put into the system – meaning that it increases the energy converted from fuel (wind) to electricity 10 times! No other method of electricity production is even half that efficient. The efficiency and clean nature of wind power are important to consider, especially because they contribute back to power companies economically.

[3] Economically, wind power is both a boon and a bone to electric companies and other users. For consumers, wind power is very cheap, leading to lower bills than from any other source. Consumers also get an indirect reimbursement by way of taxes (Source D). In one Texan town, McCamey, tax revenue increased 30% from a wind farm being erected in the town. This helps to finance improvements to the town. But, there is no doubt that wind power is also hurting the power companies. Although, as renewable power goes, wind is incredibly cheap, it is still significantly more expensive than fossil fuels. So, while it is helping to cut down on emissions, it costs electric companies more than traditional fossil fuel plants. While the general economic trend is positive, there are some setbacks which must be overcome before wind power can take over as truly more effective than fossil fuels.

[4] Aesthetics may be the greatest setback for power companies. Although there may be significant economic and environmental benefit to wind power, people will always fight to preserve pure, unspoiled land. Unfortunately, not much can be done to improve the visual aesthetics of the turbines. White paint is the most common choice because it “[is] associated with cleanliness.” (Source E). But, this can make it stand out like a sore thumb, and make the gargantuan machines seem more out of place. The site can also not be altered because it affects generating capacity. Sound is almost worse of a concern because it interrupts personal productivity by interrupting people’s sleep patterns. One thing for power companies to consider is working with turbine manufacturing to make the machines less aesthetically impactful, so as to garner greater public support.

[5] As with most things, wind power has no easy answer. It is the responsibility of the companies building them to weigh the benefits and the consequences. But, by balancing economics, efficiency, and aesthetics, power companies can create a solution which balances human impact with environmental preservation.

More examples can be found here at College Board.

While AP Scores help to boost your weighted GPA, or give you the option to get college credit, AP Scores don’t have a strong effect on your admissions chances . However, colleges can still see your self-reported scores, so you might not want to automatically send scores to colleges if they are lower than a 3. That being said, admissions officers care far more about your grade in an AP class than your score on the exam.

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How to Write the AP Lang Synthesis Essay with Example

September 5, 2023

If you’re highly interested in learning more about writing analysis, then chances are you enrolled in AP Lang. Essentially, AP Lang is an advanced course for high schoolers that combines interest and knowledge in English with critical thinking. In the class, students learn how to analyze and synthesize a variety of texts to construct well-reasoned arguments. If you take AP Lang, then you can opt to take the AP test at the conclusion of the school year. On the exam, students write the AP Lang synthesis essay to demonstrate their learned abilities. In this article, we’ll look at what the AP Lang synthesis essay requires and show an example to provide better understanding of what to expect on the exam.

AP Lang Exam Basics

The AP Lang exam is separated into two sections. In the first section, students have one hour to answer a series of 45 multiple-choice questions. Here, about half of the questions are based on passages students read. The other half are focused on the best revision techniques. Essentially, the answers for the latter 20-22 questions are geared toward revising mock essays.

In this article, however, we’ll focus mainly on the second part of the exam: the AP Lang synthesis essay.

In this second section, students have two hours and 15 minutes to write three essays of their own design. The three open-ended questions in this section are intended to be free-response and allow for a variety of approaches. Each question is intended to allow up to 40 minutes to complete.

For the AP Lang synthesis essay, students are presented with a scenario of the College Board’s design. The scenario will provide its own thesis statement. Usually, scenarios relate to real-world problems like environmental concerns, media, or government policies.

For each scenario, students are provided with 6-7 outside sources. These sources could be in the form of an image, visual graph, or written paragraph. For written paragraphs, the sources are usually no more than 500 words.

Students are then expected to incorporate at least 3-4 of these outside sources into their essay response. The outside sources are intended to be used as supporting evidence for the student’s chosen stance or argument. Students are able to either agree with or disagree with the thesis presented in the original scenario.

AP Lang Exam – Scoring

In the second part of the AP Lang exam, students can earn a possible 6 points on each essay. 1 point is earned for the development of a thesis. Up to 4 points can be earned for evidence and commentary. The final 1 point is earned for sophistication of thought.

AP Lang Exam – Takeaways

Ultimately, the goal of the AP Lang synthesis essay is not whether the student is “right” or “wrong” in their argument. The key is that students are able to reasonably and clearly support their argument using the provided sources as evidence .

The College Board looks for your ability to identify relationships between texts , form a coherent argument , and interpret external sources .

Synthesis Essay AP Lang Examples

If you’re not sure how the questions will look on the AP Lang synthesis essay section, we’ll provide an example. After the example, we’ll break down the strengths and weaknesses of the response. That way, you’ll have a better idea of what the College Board is looking for.

Additionally, the College Board has released previous AP Lang synthesis essay examples you can review. They even have essay questions as recent as 2022 . For further support, a scoring commentary and comments from the Chief Reader are also available to view. Additionally, there are other examples you can view from earlier years .

Note: A good strategy to study for the synthesis essay AP Lang exam is to review your rhetorical devices and literary devices . Understanding how these devices function can be essential in constructing a cohesive essay.

Synthesis Essay AP Lang Examples – Sample Question

Below is a sample question from the AP Lang synthesis essay and a response to the prompt. This question was taken directly from a 2022 exam . However, the response to the question will be originally crafted for the purpose of this newsletter. As well, all supporting evidence will be originally created and does not correspond to any previous test.

The Question

Since the early 2000s, the United States government and a number of corporations have sponsored initiatives to improve education in the STEM disciplines: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The emphasis on STEM subjects in elementary, secondary, and higher education reflects concerns that United States students are less proficient in these areas than are students in other countries. Additionally, there is a belief that mastery in STEM fields is now essential in order to join a highly technical and specialized workforce. However, not everyone is convinced that a STEM-focused curriculum is necessary and/or effective.

In your response you should do the following:

• Respond to the prompt with a thesis that presents a defensible
• Select and use evidence from at least three of the provided sources to support your line of Indicate clearly the sources used through direct quotation, paraphrase, or summary. Sources may be cited as Source A, Source B, etc., or by using the description in parentheses.
• Explain how the evidence supports your line of
• Use appropriate grammar and punctuation in communicating your

How to Approach the Question

Maybe your first thought upon seeing this block of text is to feel overwhelmed. But don’t panic. There are effective ways to approach the question so you will be more prepared in your response.

It’s a good strategy to first isolate the thesis . What is the main idea of the text, and what is its argument?

Try it out. Reread the prompt and see if you can identify what the statement is asking you to develop an opinion on.

Think you’ve got it? In this example, we will be focusing on whether or not a STEM-focused curriculum in K-12 education is necessary and/or effective. In short, we will be arguing either for (highlighting the benefits) or against (highlighting the pitfalls) a STEM-focused curriculum.

How do we know what this statement is asking us?

Well, the statement provides a lot of background information. For example, we receive a definition of what STEM stands for. As well, we know that since 2000, there has been a greater initiative for STEM-focused classes.

When you read the prompt for the first time, it’s a great strategy to learn how to differentiate between background and contextual information from the heart of the argument .

A good way to learn how to isolate the argument is to look for transition words. Usually, these appear near the end of the question. Words like “however” and “yet” are signals that the statement is offering a differing opinion. Typically, the statement will tell you which two positions it’s offering for argument. These opinions are usually signaled by contrasting transition words.

So, now that we know what the question is asking us, what is the best way to respond?

Synthesis Essay AP Lang Examples – Sample Answer

The following is an essay response I crafted to the above question. After reading the sample, I will break down what it does well and what areas can be improved.

A STEM-focused curriculum is not as essential to providing a meaningful K-12 education. Because the majority of high school students are not proficient in STEM-focused classes, prioritizing these classes causes harm to student’s mental health and academic performance.

As seen in Source A, 60% of high school seniors in the Midwest only scored a C average in math and science-based classes (Langston). This statistic suggests that the majority of students do not resonate with STEM classes and therefore perform poorly. Earning a low score in any class does not bode well for students’ mental health.

When looking at the primary argument in Source C, it’s clear that most high schoolers prefer creative outlets to fact-based research (Kohler). Allowing students the opportunity to be more creative and initiate conversations about coursework lets students be more active in their learning. When students can discuss the nuance in their opinions, more personal growth happens. These conversations are not always easy to have in STEM-focused classes.

As well, when looking back to Source A, it’s clear that high school students in the Midwest earned higher grades, on average, in their English and art classes (Langston). This figure suggests that students perform better in these classes because they relate more to the source material. When relating to what they learn, they perform better in class.

In conclusion, STEM-focused curriculum is not as essential in K-12 education because most high school students do not relate to their STEM classes. When students do not earn satisfactory grades in these classes, it negatively affects their future college applications and job prospects.

Synthesis Essay AP Lang Examples – Answer Breakdown

So, what does this essay response get right, and where can it be improved? Let’s start with what the response does well.

First, the response establishes its thesis right away. Usually, it’s a good idea to clearly state your argument within the first paragraph. Not only is this a good practice because a reader can easily identify your stance, but also you can refer to your thesis as you write to make you stay on track.

With your thesis, it’s also a good idea to include one to two supporting sentences with the reasons why the thesis is concluded . Like in this example, I wrote that STEM-focused classes should not be prioritized because they can negatively affect both mental health and academic performance.

Another positive aspect of this response is that it is sure to not only reference but also cites its sources . It’s important that the reader understand where your information is coming from. That way, the readers can ensure you are interpreting the sources correctly.

AP Lang Synthesis Essay (Continued)

However, when rereading the instructions, it’s clear that this response fails the basic requirement of referring to at least three sources. Always make sure to reread the instructions to ensure you meet the standard requirements for incorporating source material.

Further, this AP Lang synthesis essay does not fully support its arguments . Ideas are simply stated and are not expanded upon.

For example, I mentioned a few times that earning low grades in STEM classes leads to negative mental health for high school students. However, there is no source referenced that either confirms or denies this claim. Therefore, there is no sufficient evidence to support my argument. It relies purely on inference.

Additionally, this AP Lang synthesis essay does not arrive at a sufficient level of sophistication of thought . Basically, sophistication of thought means avoiding broad generalizations and vague claims. The more specific you can be, the better your argument will sound.

Synthesis Essay AP Lang – In Conclusion

In the end, it’s always helpful to read the prompt thoroughly before writing. As well, making notes while you read could be a good strategy to pinpoint main ideas both in the prompt and the sources. That way, you can reread the material quickly. Similarly, sketching an outline may also be helpful. In addition, you should always carefully read the instructions to ensure all guidelines are followed.

As long as you avoid broad generalizations and use enough supporting evidence for your claim, you will be on the right path!

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Meghan Dairaghi

With a BA in English and an MFA in Creative Writing, Meghan has served as a writing tutor at the University of Missouri St. Louis and Maryville University. Additionally, Meghan has held editorial roles at River Styx and Boulevard, and was a prose reader at Farside Review . Most recently, her work has been featured in Belle Ombre , Flypaper Lit , and Mag 20/20 , among others, and she was nominated for the Mary Troy Prize in Fiction. 

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How to Write the AP Lang Synthesis Essay with Example

Are you a high school student preparing for the AP Language and Composition exam? Or perhaps you are a teacher looking to help your students with the skills to ace the synthesis essay? Either way, you’ve landed in the right place. This blog will serve as your comprehensive guide to mastering this challenging yet rewarding component of the AP Language exam.

We’ll dig into what a synthesis essay entails and its structure, and we’ll furnish you with actionable strategies to approach the task with confidence. We’ll also provide insights into selecting and integrating sources effectively, constructing a compelling argument, and polishing your writing to perfection.

Table of Contents

Overview of AP Language and Composition

AP English Language and Composition , widely known as AP Lang, is a popular and engaging Advanced Placement course taken by over half a million high school students each year. The course is designed to hone essential skills such as analyzing written works, synthesizing information, constructing rhetorical essays, and writing compelling arguments. While the course presents a rigorous challenge, with just over 60% of students achieving a passing score of three or higher on the AP exam, the rewards of mastering these skills are significant.

The AP Lang exam is a comprehensive assessment consisting of two distinct sections. The first section, a one-hour multiple-choice segment, assesses your ability to analyze written passages and answer questions based solely on the provided text. This section comprises approximately 45% of the total exam score. The second section is a two-hour and fifteen-minute free-response segment. It evaluates your writing skills through three distinct essays. This section accounts for the remaining 55% of the exam score.

The three essays within the free-response section target specific writing skills. The synthesis essay challenges you to develop an argument by incorporating information from multiple provided sources. The rhetorical analysis essay requires you to dissect how an author uses language to convey meaning and achieve specific effects. Finally, the argumentative essay prompts you to take a stance on a debatable issue and construct a persuasive argument based on evidence.

What is the AP Lang Synthesis Essay?

The AP Language and Composition exam’s first free-response task is the synthesis essay. It is a one-hour exercise during which you read six to seven sources on a specific topic and compose a well-developed essay. These sources include a mix of print texts, approximately 500 words each, and visual elements like graphs or charts. You are advised to allocate 15 minutes to reading and analyzing these sources, followed by 40 minutes for writing and 5 minutes for review, but the time distribution can be adjusted as needed.

The synthesis essay prompt comprises three paragraphs: a brief introduction to the topic, a claim about the topic, and instructions for the essay. The claim is often broad and open to interpretation, requiring you to take a stance—either agreeing or disagreeing—and support your position by synthesizing information from at least three of the provided sources.

According to the College Board, a successful synthesis essay should “ combine different perspectives from sources to form a support of a coherent position. ” This means you must clearly state your claim, establish connections between sources to reinforce your argument, and provide specific evidence to validate your points.

The synthesis essay contributes six points to the overall AP Lang exam score. A holistic rubric evaluates the essay based on the thesis statement (0–1 point), evidence and commentary (0–4 points), and sophistication of thought and complexity of understanding (0–1 point).

Here’s an example prompt and essay provided by the College Board :

Read also: Write an ap lang argument essay

How to Write a Synthesis Essay for the AP Language Exam

Step 1: analyze the prompt.

Begin by carefully reading and analyzing the prompt. Underline or highlight key terms to identify the central question and your task. Remember that you don’t need to decide your stance immediately; understanding the prompt is the priority here.

Step 2: Read and annotate the sources

Although you’ll only use three sources in your essay, read them all. This provides a broader understanding of the topic and helps you choose the most relevant evidence. As you read, actively annotate by highlighting key points, noting connections, and jotting down potential arguments.

After each source, briefly assess whether it supports, opposes, or nuances your emerging thesis. If you finish reading early, use the remaining time to start outlining your essay.

Step 3: Write a strong thesis statement

Your thesis statement should clearly state your position on the prompt’s claim. You can choose to defend the claim (argue it’s correct), challenge it (argue it’s incorrect), or qualify it (agree with some aspects and disagree with others). A strong thesis avoids summarizing the issue or restating the prompt; it establishes a clear line of reasoning.

Step 4: Outline your essay

Though it may seem counter intuitive when time is limited, outlining is essential. Your outline should include your thesis statement, three main points (one for each body paragraph), and the supporting evidence you’ll use from the sources. Briefly note how this evidence connects back to your thesis.

Step 5: Write your essay

With your annotated sources and outline in hand, writing your essay should be smoother. Begin with a focus on providing insightful commentary that explains how your evidence supports or refutes the prompt’s claim.

When referencing sources, use simple in-text citations like “Source 1,” “Source 2,” etc. Be sure to double-check your citations for accuracy. Before moving on, quickly proofread your essay for any errors.

Read also: How Long Should Your College Essay Be?

AP Lang Synthesis Essay Score Evaluation

The AP Language Synthesis Essay accounts for six points of the total exam score. Your essay will be evaluated on several key components. Primarily, a clear and defensible thesis statement that directly responds to the exam prompt can earn you up to one point. The majority of your score (up to four points) depends on how well you incorporate evidence from at least three sources and explain how that evidence supports your reasoning. Each piece of evidence should be explicitly linked to your argument, demonstrating a clear and consistent line of thought.

To earn the final point, your essay must show sophistication of thought. This can be achieved by writing a nuanced argument that acknowledges the complexities and tensions within the sources, situating your argument within a broader context to reveal its implications, or explaining the limitations of your or others’ arguments. Additionally, employing effective rhetorical devices and maintaining a vivid and persuasive writing style can further strengthen your essay.

Read also: Personal Statement Essay Examples

5 Tips to Ace the Synthesis Essay for the AP Language Exam

1. understand the prompt.

Begin by meticulously analyzing the prompt. Identify the central issue being discussed and the specific task you’re asked to perform (argue, evaluate, analyze, etc.). Underline key terms and phrases to ensure you fully grasp the expectations.

2. Engage actively with the sources

Don’t just skim through the sources; actively read and annotate the provided sources. Identify the main idea and supporting evidence in each. Note the source’s perspective and any potential biases. Highlight quotes or data you might use in your essay. Aim to understand how the sources relate to each other and the prompt.

3. Write a nuanced thesis

Your thesis should be a clear, concise statement of your position on the issue presented in the prompt. It should be specific and incorporate the nuances you’ve gleaned from the sources. Avoid merely restating the prompt; instead, offer an insightful perspective that you’ll support with evidence throughout your essay.

4. Construct a cohesive argument

Your essay should be a well-structured argument, not a mere summary of the sources. Each body paragraph should focus on a single point that supports your thesis. Use evidence from the sources to back up your claims, and provide your analysis and interpretation of that evidence. Connect your paragraphs with clear transitions to create a logical flow.

5. Leave time for revision

After writing your essay, take a few minutes to review it carefully. Check for grammatical errors, awkward phrasing, and clarity issues. Ensure that your argument is well-developed and your evidence is effectively integrated. A polished essay shows your command of language and strengthens your overall argument.

From the Desk of Yocket

Writing a good AP Language synthesis essay requires a balanced approach of critical thinking, careful analysis, and persuasive writing. You should begin by thoroughly understanding the prompt and identifying the central issue and the required task. Then, dig into the provided sources, extracting key points, perspectives, and evidence that relate to your developing stance.

A strong thesis is the backbone of your essay. It should clearly state your position on the issue and provide a roadmap for the reader, outlining the key points you’ll explore. As you bring together evidence from multiple sources, remember to provide insightful commentary, explaining how each piece of evidence bolsters your argument. Try to avoid simply dropping quotes or paraphrasing; instead, analyze the significance of each piece, showing a nuanced understanding of the issue and the sources.

You should conclude your essay by revisiting your thesis and summarizing your key arguments. You can also offer a thoughtful extension, such as suggesting implications for your argument, addressing potential counterarguments, or proposing future directions for research. Throughout your essay, prioritize clarity, coherence, and sophistication in your language and structure. This will show your ability to analyze complex texts and synthesize information into a compelling argument. Remember to maintain a strong connection with your audience, ensuring your writing on Yocket remains engaging and relevant.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a synthesis essay on the ap language exam.

A synthesis essay requires you to develop a position on a given topic by incorporating and citing evidence from multiple sources. You’ll need to evaluate, select, and synthesize information from these sources to create a cohesive argument.

How many sources are typically provided for the synthesis essay?

The AP Language exam usually provides 6–7 sources for the synthesis essay, including texts and visual elements like graphs or charts.

What is the time allotted for writing the synthesis essay?

The entire free-response section of the AP Language exam, which includes the synthesis essay, rhetorical analysis, and argumentative essay, is 2 hours and 15 minutes. You may budget roughly 40 minutes to read the sources and plan your essay, leaving 40 minutes to write.

How is the synthesis essay scored?

The synthesis essay is scored on a 0–9 scale, with 9 being the highest. Points are awarded for a clear thesis, effective use of evidence and commentary, sophisticated analysis, and overall coherence.

Do I have to agree with the sources to use in my synthesis essay?

No, you can use sources to support a counterargument or provide alternative perspectives. The key is to engage with the sources critically and use them to build your argument.

How should I cite sources in my synthesis essay?

You can use parenthetical citations (author’s last name or source letter) to indicate where you’ve used information from the sources. It’s essential to avoid plagiarism by accurately attributing all borrowed ideas and language.

What are some common mistakes to avoid in the synthesis essay?

Try to avoid merely summarizing the sources without adding your analysis. Ensure your thesis clearly states your position and is supported by evidence throughout the essay. You should refrain from relying too heavily on one source and aim for a balanced incorporation of multiple perspectives.

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How to Write the AP Lang Synthesis Essay

AP Lang test is the logical conclusion to the introductory college English composition course. And its most important (and often difficult) part is the AP Lang synthesis essay. Despite it being the very basic layer of your future composition skills, it’s a very complicated challenge to approach unprepared. Besides, it's details may change year to year. So let’s have a look with our coursework writing services team at what your AP Lang exam 2022 might look like.

What is AP Lang?

AP Lang is a relatively lengthy test. There are several AP rubrics that a student must be well-versed in to hope to pass it. The first section includes reading and writing, while the second is slightly more freeform and includes three different types of essays.

Among those three, the most interesting and, coincidentally, oftentimes the hardest to deal with is the AP Lang synthesis essay rubric. Today will focus on it specifically to make sure you know exactly what you’re going to be facing during your test.

What Is a Synthesis Essay AP Lang?

At its core, the AP Lang synthesis essay is a pretty straightforward part of the AP Lang test. It might look pretty similar to the reading section of the exam. However, simply finding the right information isn’t enough. When writing a synthesis essay, you should not only gather the data but also distill it into your personal opinion.

This fine line may seem difficult to spot, but it is there. And it’s that small difference that can make or break your exam run. So try to follow the steps one by one and not lose focus. Writing a good synthesis essay is as easy as following the rules. If you feel this task is too difficult for you, you can leave us your ' write an essay for me ' request and we will do it for you.

AP Lang Synthesis Essay Outline

Looking through AP Lang essay examples, you might notice that the overall structure doesn’t really differ too much from your standard essay outline. You have your introduction, your body, and your conclusion. But the important thing to note is where your arguments are supposed to come from.

You’re not supposed to just go off on a rant. The task requires you to base your supporting evidence on at least three sources. And you will have to ensure your essay has solid roots. Here’s what a basic AP Lang exam synthesis essay outline should look like:

• Introduction

Provide sufficient context for the topic you are about to cover. You can do a quick overview of prevailing opinions you have grasped while browsing through your source materials.

Write a short and compelling thesis statement. This will be your ground zero for the rest of the essay. So make sure it reflects your opinion. What is a thesis statement you can read in our special article.

• Body Paragraphs

Dedicate at least one paragraph to every source you’re using. Start with presenting the evidence you have gathered from that source and go on to explain how it formed your opinion on the topic and why it should be considered.

Quickly go through your line of reasoning and reinforce what you have already covered. Finish up with restating your thesis as you’re supposed to logically arrive at it after all the evidence you have presented. That’s how you write a conclusion properly.

Different Forms and Types of Synthesis Essay: Explanatory vs. Argumentative Synthesis Essays

When it comes to writing a synthesis essay AP Lang, there are several types of essays you should consider. The most common ones are the AP Lang argument essay and explanatory essay. The clues as to how each of them should look are hidden within their names but let’s go over them to clear any confusion.

An explanatory essay’s goal is to go over a certain topic, discuss it in detail, and ultimately show a high level of understanding of the said topic. You don’t necessarily have to get into a heated argument with the reader trying to convince them of something. All you need to do is create an impartial overview.

On the other hand, an argumentative essay has to do with personal opinions. And while there is a time and a place for bias, it still has to be as impartial and factual as possible. When proving your point, try not to devolve into emotional arguments but stick to logic and cold truths. This will make your argument way more solid.

Synthesis Essay Structure

In the general case, you don’t really need to look for a synthesis essay AP Lang example to get a solid grasp on how its structure should look like. You can safely fall back on your high school essay writing knowledge, and you’ll be mostly safe.

What you should pay attention to is your writing style and content. A synthesis essay is identified less by its structure and more by the way you form and present your arguments to the reader. It’s when you get a specific essay type (like an argumentative essay) that you should pay attention to slight changes in format.

Argument Essay Structure

The best way to understand argumentative essay structure is to study any well-written AP Lang argument essay example. Standard AP Lang essays have very distinctive features that are very easy to spot and emulate. They follow a very rigid form and employ specific rhetorical devices that you’ll be able to pick up after you analyze them once or twice quickly.

How Many Paragraphs Should an AP Lang Synthesis Essay Be?

The number of paragraphs in an AP Lang synthesis essay can indeed make a difference. Your arguments should be concise and pointed. Spreading them out throughout many paragraphs may seem like a good idea to fill in the space. But it’s actually detrimental to your final score. You can get a basic understanding of what your score is going to be using an AP Lang score calculator.

The same goes for too few paragraphs. Don’t even try to squeeze your entire line of thought into a single body paragraph. Generally, the minimum number of sources you should address is three. Any less, and you are getting a lower score. So try to keep it somewhere in the middle. Three to five body paragraphs is an optimal number. Don’t forget to add an intro and a conclusion to it and you’re all set. A well-written essay has a clear and easily identifiable structure.

How to Write AP Lang Synthesis Essay: Guide

In order to write a decent essay, all you have to do is follow these simple steps. Performing a rhetorical analysis essay example, AP Lang won’t give you insight into how it was built from the ground up. But looking at this list might.

Step 1. Read the Prompt

It may sound like a no-brainer. But it’s actually more important than you can imagine. Don’t skip right past this step. It’s very easy to misunderstand the task under stress. And if you do slip up in the beginning - the entirety of your work after that is wasted.

Step 2. Analyze the Sources Carefully

The same goes for your sources. Take your time reading them. Try to spot every smallest detail, as even a single one can help you better incorporate your evidence into the body of your essay. You can begin outlining the general points of your essay in your head at this point.

Step 3. Come Up with a Strong Thesis Statement

Your thesis statement is the baseline of your writing. Make it short and clear. Try not to overthink it too much.

Step 4. Fill in Your Essay Outline

Start filling out your outline step by step. You don’t have to go from top to bottom. If you feel like you’re struggling - skip to the next part and return to the problem paragraph later. The use of rhetorical devices AP Lang is also pretty important. So once you flesh out your essay a bit, spend some time trying to come up with the perfect wording.

Step 5. Finalize

The first finished version of your essay is a draft. Don’t be hasty to turn it in. Read over it a couple of times. Make sure everything is in order. You can switch some of the parts around or rewrite some sections if you have the time. Ideally, at this stage you should have enough time to eliminate all grammatical errors that may still be present in your essay. Polish it to perfection.

Useful Tips

Here are some useful tips that might make the writing process a bit easier for you:

• Use either APA or Chicago style to cite your sources
• Have a schedule to understand how much time you have for each section
• Leave as much time as you can for editing and proofreading
• You can never over study the source material. Spend as much time as you can reading into it
• Don’t linger on the surface of your essay subject. Dive in and show your complex understanding of the material
• Avoid using private life anecdotes to support your case unless the essay type specifically allows it. These don’t make for a convincing argument.
• Use as many supporting arguments as you can but make sure they are actually solid and relevant to your thesis
• Check with your thesis from time to time. The entirety of your text should align with it

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AP Lang Essay Prompts

Here are some interesting prompts. Some of them could be found in the previous iterations of the test; you may have spotted them in some of the AP Lang essay examples. Others are there to help you practice for the AP Lang exam 2022.

• The John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, dedicated in 1979, was founded in memory of the president and contained archives pertaining to his administration. On June 24, 1985, then President Ronald Reagan joined members of the Kennedy family at a fundraising event to help the Kennedy Library Foundation create an endowment to fund and support the presidential library. The following is an excerpt from the speech Reagan gave at that event. Read the passage carefully. Write an essay that analyzes the rhetorical choices Reagan makes to achieve his purpose of paying tribute to John F. Kennedy.
• On August 29, 2009, then-President Barack Obama delivered a eulogy at the funeral of Senator Ted Kennedy in Boston, Massachusetts. Kennedy served in the United States Senate from 1962 until his death. Obama served with him in the Senate from 2005 until Obama was elected president in 2008. The following is an excerpt from Obama’s speech. Read the passage carefully. Write an essay that analyzes the rhetorical choices Obama makes to achieve his purpose of praising and memorializing Kennedy.
• On April 9, 1964, Claudia “Lady Bird” Johnson, who was at the time the First Lady of the United States, gave the following speech at the first-anniversary luncheon of the Eleanor Roosevelt Memorial Foundation. The foundation is a nonprofit division of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library dedicated to the works of former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, who passed away in 1962. Read the passage carefully. Write an essay that analyzes the rhetorical choices Johnson makes to achieve her purpose of paying tribute to Eleanor Roosevelt.

In your response, you should do the following:

• Respond to the prompt with a thesis that analyzes the writer’s rhetorical choices.

• Select and use evidence to support your line of reasoning.

• Explain how the evidence supports your line of reasoning.

• Demonstrate an understanding of the rhetorical situation.

• Use appropriate grammar and punctuation in communicating your argument.

AP Lang Essay Example

Here is a decent if a bit shortened, AP Lang rhetorical analysis essay example you can use for reference.

Literature to Prepare for AP Lang

And here is a list of some great AP Lang books that will help you prepare for the exam. Not all of them are immediately useful, but most will help you enhance your writing and analytical abilities to get a better score in the end.

• The Odyssey
• Don Quixote
• A Midsummer Night's Dream
• Pride and Prejudice
• Wuthering Heights
• Oliver Twist
• Crime and Punishment
• Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

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is a seasoned educational writer focusing on scholarship guidance, research papers, and various forms of academic essays including reflective and narrative essays. His expertise also extends to detailed case studies. A scholar with a background in English Literature and Education, Daniel’s work on EssayPro blog aims to support students in achieving academic excellence and securing scholarships. His hobbies include reading classic literature and participating in academic forums.

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How to Write a Perfect AP Lang Synthesis Essay: Examples Included

The Advanced Placement (AP) Language and Composition exam is a challenging test that requires students to demonstrate their ability to analyze and synthesize complex texts. One of the most challenging parts of the exam is the synthesis essay, which requires students to read and analyze multiple sources and then write an essay that integrates those sources with their own ideas. Writing a perfect AP Lang synthesis essay requires a deep understanding of the prompt, careful analysis of the sources, and a well-structured argument. This essay will explore the key steps involved in writing a successful synthesis essay, providing examples to illustrate each point.

<h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin: 12px 0;">Understanding the Prompt</h2>

The first step in writing a successful synthesis essay is to thoroughly understand the prompt. The prompt will present a complex issue or argument and provide a set of sources that offer different perspectives on the issue. It is crucial to identify the key terms and concepts in the prompt and to understand the task that the prompt is asking you to perform. For example, a prompt might ask you to analyze the impact of social media on political discourse, providing sources that discuss the benefits and drawbacks of social media in politics. In this case, you would need to understand the key terms "social media" and "political discourse" and identify the different perspectives presented in the sources.

<h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin: 12px 0;">Analyzing the Sources</h2>

Once you have a clear understanding of the prompt, you need to carefully analyze the sources. This involves reading each source critically and identifying the main argument, key evidence, and author's purpose. It is also important to note any biases or limitations in the sources. For example, a source that argues for the benefits of social media in politics might be written by a social media company, which could introduce bias. By carefully analyzing the sources, you can identify the different perspectives on the issue and begin to develop your own argument.

<h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin: 12px 0;">Developing Your Argument</h2>

The next step is to develop your own argument in response to the prompt. This argument should be based on your analysis of the sources and should integrate evidence from those sources. It is important to have a clear thesis statement that states your main argument and to organize your essay in a logical way. For example, if the prompt asks you to analyze the impact of social media on political discourse, your thesis statement might argue that social media has both positive and negative impacts on political discourse, and you could organize your essay by discussing the positive impacts in one section and the negative impacts in another.

<h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin: 12px 0;">Integrating Evidence</h2>

Once you have developed your argument, you need to integrate evidence from the sources to support your claims. This involves carefully selecting evidence that is relevant to your argument and using it to illustrate your points. It is important to cite your sources correctly and to avoid plagiarism. For example, if you are arguing that social media can lead to the spread of misinformation, you could cite a source that discusses the prevalence of fake news on social media platforms.

<h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin: 12px 0;">Writing a Strong Conclusion</h2>

The conclusion of your synthesis essay should summarize your main argument and restate your thesis statement. It should also provide a final thought or reflection on the issue. For example, you could conclude your essay on the impact of social media on political discourse by discussing the importance of media literacy in navigating the complexities of social media.

<h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin: 12px 0;">Example Synthesis Essay</h2>

Here is an example of a synthesis essay that addresses the prompt: "Social media has had a significant impact on political discourse. Analyze the effects of social media on political discourse, using the provided sources."

<strong style="font-weight: bold;">Thesis Statement:</strong> Social media has had a significant impact on political discourse, both positive and negative, by providing a platform for citizen engagement and facilitating the spread of information, but also contributing to the spread of misinformation and polarization.

<strong style="font-weight: bold;">Body Paragraph 1:</strong> Social media has provided a platform for citizen engagement in political discourse, allowing individuals to express their views and participate in political discussions. This increased engagement can lead to greater awareness of political issues and a more informed electorate. For example, Source A discusses how social media platforms have been used to organize protests and rallies, demonstrating the power of social media to mobilize citizens around political causes.

<strong style="font-weight: bold;">Body Paragraph 2:</strong> Social media has also facilitated the spread of information about political issues, allowing individuals to access a wider range of perspectives and information. This can lead to a more informed and nuanced understanding of political issues. However, Source B argues that the ease with which information can be shared on social media can also lead to the spread of misinformation and fake news.

<strong style="font-weight: bold;">Body Paragraph 3:</strong> While social media can be a powerful tool for political engagement and information sharing, it can also contribute to polarization and the spread of misinformation. Source C discusses how social media algorithms can create echo chambers, where individuals are only exposed to information that confirms their existing beliefs. This can lead to a lack of understanding and empathy for opposing viewpoints, contributing to political polarization.

<strong style="font-weight: bold;">Conclusion:</strong> Social media has had a significant impact on political discourse, both positive and negative. While it has provided a platform for citizen engagement and facilitated the spread of information, it has also contributed to the spread of misinformation and polarization. It is important to be aware of the potential pitfalls of social media and to engage in political discourse with a critical and informed perspective.

<h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin: 12px 0;">Conclusion</h2>

Writing a perfect AP Lang synthesis essay requires a deep understanding of the prompt, careful analysis of the sources, and a well-structured argument. By following the steps outlined in this essay, students can develop a strong understanding of the synthesis essay format and improve their ability to write successful essays on the AP Language and Composition exam.

Related Essays

Ap language and composition argument essay prompts and sample responses.

The AP Language and Composition exam is a challenging test that assesses students' ability to analyze and construct arguments effectively. One of the most crucial components of this exam is the argument essay, which requires students to develop a clear and persuasive stance on a given topic. In this article, we'll explore some common AP Language and Composition argument essay prompts and provide sample responses to help students better understand how to approach these challenging tasks. Understanding the AP Language and Composition Argument EssayThe argument essay in the AP Language and Composition exam is designed to evaluate a student's ability to craft a well-reasoned and coherent argument. This task requires students to take a position on a given issue, support their stance with evidence, and address potential counterarguments. The prompts for these essays often touch on contemporary social, political, or cultural issues, challenging students to think critically and express their views persuasively. Common Themes in AP Language and Composition Argument Essay PromptsAP Language and Composition argument essay prompts often revolve around several recurring themes. These may include:1. Technology and its impact on society2. Education reform and policies3. Environmental issues and sustainability4. Social media and its effects on communication5. Freedom of speech and censorship6. Gender equality and women's rights7. Immigration and cultural diversityUnderstanding these common themes can help students prepare more effectively for the exam by researching and forming opinions on these topics in advance. Sample Prompt 1: Technology and PrivacyPrompt: In an age of increasing technological advancement, to what extent should individuals be willing to sacrifice their privacy for the sake of convenience and security?Sample Response:In today's digital age, the balance between privacy and convenience has become increasingly precarious. While technological advancements offer unprecedented levels of convenience and security, they often come at the cost of personal privacy. I argue that individuals should be cautious about sacrificing their privacy and should only do so to a limited extent, carefully weighing the benefits against the potential risks.Firstly, it's important to recognize the value of privacy in maintaining individual autonomy and freedom. When we willingly give up our personal information, we expose ourselves to potential manipulation by corporations and governments. For instance, the Cambridge Analytica scandal revealed how personal data could be exploited to influence political opinions and election outcomes. This demonstrates the far-reaching consequences of sacrificing privacy for the sake of convenience.However, it's undeniable that certain technological conveniences can significantly improve our quality of life. Smart home devices, for example, can enhance security and energy efficiency. Similarly, location-based services can provide valuable information and assistance in our daily lives. In these cases, a measured approach to sharing personal data may be justified.The key lies in striking a balance and making informed decisions about when and how to share our personal information. Individuals should critically evaluate the necessity and potential risks of sharing data for each service they use. Additionally, they should advocate for stronger data protection laws and support companies that prioritize user privacy.In conclusion, while technology offers numerous benefits, individuals should be cautious about sacrificing their privacy. By carefully considering the trade-offs and advocating for stronger privacy protections, we can enjoy the conveniences of modern technology without compromising our fundamental right to privacy. Sample Prompt 2: Education and Standardized TestingPrompt: Should standardized testing be eliminated as a measure of student achievement in schools? Develop a position on this issue, supporting your point of view with reasoning and examples from your reading, experience, or observations.Sample Response:Standardized testing has long been a contentious issue in education, with proponents arguing for its necessity in measuring student achievement and opponents criticizing its limitations and negative impacts. While standardized tests do serve some purposes, I argue that they should be significantly reduced in importance, if not eliminated entirely, as a measure of student achievement in schools.One of the primary arguments against standardized testing is its failure to capture the full range of student abilities and learning. These tests often focus on rote memorization and test-taking skills rather than critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving abilities. For example, a student who excels in hands-on learning or artistic expression may perform poorly on standardized tests, despite possessing valuable skills and knowledge.Furthermore, the emphasis on standardized testing can lead to a narrowing of the curriculum, as teachers feel pressured to "teach to the test" rather than providing a well-rounded education. This approach can stifle student curiosity and engagement, ultimately hindering rather than promoting genuine learning and achievement.However, proponents of standardized testing argue that it provides a consistent measure for comparing student performance across different schools and districts. While this argument has merit, there are alternative methods for assessing student achievement that can provide more comprehensive and meaningful data. For instance, portfolio-based assessments, project-based learning, and performance tasks can offer a more holistic view of student abilities and growth over time.Additionally, the stress and anxiety associated with high-stakes standardized tests can negatively impact student well-being and performance. This pressure can be particularly detrimental to students from disadvantaged backgrounds or those with learning differences, potentially exacerbating existing educational inequalities.In conclusion, while standardized testing may have some limited utility, its drawbacks far outweigh its benefits as a primary measure of student achievement. By shifting towards more diverse and comprehensive assessment methods, schools can better evaluate student progress, foster a love of learning, and prepare students for success in the complex, rapidly changing world they will face beyond the classroom.The AP Language and Composition argument essay prompts challenge students to think critically about important issues and articulate their views persuasively. By understanding the common themes and practicing with sample prompts and responses, students can develop the skills necessary to excel in this crucial component of the exam. Remember, the key to success lies in crafting a clear, well-supported argument that demonstrates your ability to analyze complex issues and communicate your ideas effectively.

High-Scoring AP Language and Composition Rhetorical Analysis Essay Examples

The Advanced Placement (AP) Language and Composition exam is a challenging test that requires students to demonstrate their understanding of rhetoric and their ability to analyze complex texts. One of the most challenging parts of the exam is the rhetorical analysis essay, which asks students to identify and explain the rhetorical strategies used by an author to achieve a particular purpose. To excel in this essay, students need to understand the key elements of rhetoric and practice analyzing various texts. This article will explore some high-scoring AP Language and Composition rhetorical analysis essay examples, providing insights into the key elements of effective analysis and demonstrating how to apply them to different types of texts. Understanding the Rhetorical Analysis EssayThe rhetorical analysis essay is a crucial component of the AP Language and Composition exam. It assesses a student's ability to analyze a text's rhetorical features and understand how these features contribute to the author's purpose and overall effect on the audience. To write a successful rhetorical analysis essay, students must first understand the key elements of rhetoric, including:* Purpose: The author's reason for writing the text.* Audience: The intended readers of the text.* Appeals: The rhetorical strategies used to persuade the audience, such as ethos (credibility), pathos (emotion), and logos (logic).* Style: The author's distinctive way of using language, including diction, syntax, imagery, and tone. Analyzing Rhetorical StrategiesOnce students understand the key elements of rhetoric, they can begin to analyze the rhetorical strategies used in a text. This involves identifying specific examples of rhetorical devices and explaining how they contribute to the author's purpose and effect on the audience. For example, a student might analyze the use of figurative language, such as metaphors or similes, to understand how they create vivid imagery and evoke specific emotions in the reader. High-Scoring Essay ExamplesTo illustrate the principles of effective rhetorical analysis, let's examine a few high-scoring essay examples. These examples demonstrate how students can effectively identify and analyze rhetorical strategies to create a compelling and insightful analysis.Example 1: Analyzing a SpeechIn this example, the student analyzes Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech. The student identifies the use of repetition, parallelism, and anaphora to create a powerful and memorable message. The student also explains how King's use of pathos, through appeals to shared values and emotions, effectively persuades the audience to support his cause.Example 2: Analyzing a Literary TextThis example focuses on analyzing a passage from Emily Dickinson's poetry. The student identifies the use of imagery, symbolism, and unconventional syntax to create a unique and evocative experience for the reader. The student also explains how Dickinson's use of these rhetorical strategies contributes to the overall theme of the poem, which explores the complexities of death and mortality.Example 3: Analyzing a Persuasive EssayIn this example, the student analyzes a persuasive essay on the importance of environmental conservation. The student identifies the use of logos, through the presentation of factual evidence and statistics, to support the author's argument. The student also explains how the author uses pathos, through appeals to the reader's sense of responsibility and concern for the future, to persuade the audience to take action. ConclusionWriting a high-scoring AP Language and Composition rhetorical analysis essay requires a deep understanding of rhetoric and the ability to analyze texts effectively. By understanding the key elements of rhetoric, identifying specific examples of rhetorical strategies, and explaining how these strategies contribute to the author's purpose and effect on the audience, students can write compelling and insightful analyses that demonstrate their mastery of rhetorical analysis. The examples provided in this article offer valuable insights into the principles of effective analysis and demonstrate how to apply them to different types of texts. By studying these examples and practicing their own analysis, students can develop the skills necessary to succeed on the AP Language and Composition exam.

AP English Language and Composition Argument Essay Examples

The AP English Language and Composition course is a rigorous academic program that challenges students to develop their writing, reading, and critical thinking skills. One of the key components of this course is the argument essay, where students must present a clear, concise, and compelling argument on a given topic. In this article, we will explore some examples of AP English Language and Composition argument essays and discuss the strategies used to create effective arguments. Understanding the Argument EssayThe argument essay is a critical part of the AP English Language and Composition exam. It requires students to read a short passage and then write an essay that defends, challenges, or qualifies the author's position. The key to a successful argument essay is to clearly state your position, provide strong evidence to support your argument, and effectively counter any opposing viewpoints. Example 1: The Importance of EducationIn this argument essay, the student is tasked with discussing the importance of education. The student begins by stating their position: "Education is the key to success in life." They then provide evidence to support this claim, citing studies that show a correlation between education and income levels, job satisfaction, and overall quality of life. The student also counters opposing viewpoints by addressing the argument that success can be achieved without formal education. They argue that while this may be true for some individuals, the majority of people benefit greatly from education. Example 2: The Role of Technology in SocietyThis argument essay focuses on the role of technology in society. The student's position is that technology has a positive impact on society, improving communication, productivity, and access to information. They support this claim with evidence from various sources, including statistics on internet usage and examples of technological advancements that have improved lives. The student also counters opposing viewpoints, arguing that while technology can have negative effects, such as privacy concerns and dependency, these issues can be mitigated with proper regulation and education. Example 3: The Impact of Climate ChangeIn this argument essay, the student is asked to discuss the impact of climate change. The student's position is that climate change is a serious issue that requires immediate action. They support this claim with evidence from scientific studies showing the effects of climate change on weather patterns, sea levels, and biodiversity. The student also counters opposing viewpoints, arguing that while some people may deny the existence of climate change, the overwhelming scientific consensus supports its reality and urgency. Crafting a Successful Argument EssayCreating a successful argument essay for the AP English Language and Composition exam requires careful planning and execution. Start by clearly stating your position and providing strong evidence to support your argument. Be sure to address opposing viewpoints and explain why your position is more valid or beneficial. Finally, maintain a formal and academic tone throughout your essay, using sophisticated vocabulary and sentence structure.In conclusion, the AP English Language and Composition argument essay is a challenging but rewarding task. By studying examples and understanding the strategies used to create effective arguments, students can improve their writing skills and succeed in this rigorous academic course. Remember, the key to a successful argument essay is a clear position, strong evidence, and effective counterarguments.

Annotated AP Language and Composition Essays: Learn from the Best

The Advanced Placement (AP) Language and Composition course is a challenging one that requires a deep understanding of rhetorical strategies and the art of persuasive writing. One of the best ways to master these skills is by studying annotated AP Language and Composition essays. These essays, marked up with notes and comments, can provide invaluable insights into the techniques that successful writers use to make their arguments compelling and clear. The Value of Annotated EssaysAnnotated AP Language and Composition essays are a treasure trove of information for students. They provide a clear picture of what examiners are looking for in high-scoring essays. The annotations highlight the effective use of rhetorical strategies, the development of a strong thesis, the organization of ideas, and the use of evidence to support arguments. By studying these essays, students can learn to emulate these successful techniques in their own writing. Understanding Rhetorical StrategiesOne of the key aspects of AP Language and Composition essays is the use of rhetorical strategies. These include ethos, pathos, and logos, which are techniques used to persuade the reader. Ethos appeals to the reader's sense of ethics or credibility, pathos appeals to the reader's emotions, and logos appeals to the reader's sense of logic. Annotated essays can help students understand how these strategies are effectively used in writing. The annotations often explain why a particular strategy is used and how it contributes to the overall argument of the essay. Developing a Strong ThesisA strong thesis is the backbone of any successful AP Language and Composition essay. It provides a clear and concise statement of the writer's argument. Annotated essays can provide excellent examples of well-crafted thesis statements. The annotations often highlight the thesis statement and provide commentary on why it is effective. By studying these examples, students can learn how to craft their own strong thesis statements. Organizing Ideas EffectivelyOrganization is another key aspect of a successful AP Language and Composition essay. The essay should be structured in a way that makes the argument clear and easy to follow. Annotated essays can provide insight into effective organization strategies. The annotations often highlight the structure of the essay, explaining how each paragraph contributes to the overall argument. This can help students understand how to organize their own essays effectively. Using Evidence to Support ArgumentsFinally, annotated AP Language and Composition essays can provide valuable insights into the use of evidence to support arguments. The annotations often highlight the evidence used in the essay and provide commentary on why it is effective. This can help students understand how to choose and use evidence effectively in their own essays.In conclusion, annotated AP Language and Composition essays are an invaluable resource for students. They provide clear examples of effective rhetorical strategies, strong thesis statements, effective organization, and the use of evidence. By studying these essays, students can learn to emulate these successful techniques in their own writing, improving their chances of success in the AP Language and Composition course.

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Short Essay: AP Language Synthesis

The AP Language and Composition exam is a challenging test that requires students to demonstrate a wide range of skills. Among the various components of the exam, the synthesis essay is particularly demanding, as it necessitates not only strong writing abilities but also critical thinking and adept use of sources. In this article, we will delve into the synthesis essay, breaking down the steps and strategies necessary to craft a compelling response.

Table of Contents

Understanding the Synthesis Essay

At its core, the synthesis essay asks you to combine information from various sources to discuss a specific topic or argument. The College Board provides 6-7 sources that might include articles, essays, graphs, and images, reflecting different perspectives on an issue. Your task is to synthesize these sources into a coherent essay that presents your own position on the topic while incorporating the provided materials.

Step 1: Analyze the Prompt

Before you even consider the sources, read the prompt carefully. Understand exactly what it’s asking you to do. The prompt will typically present an issue and ask you to take a stance, using the sources to support your position. Identify keywords and consider any underlying assumptions or implications within the prompt.

Step 2: Examine the Sources

Take your time to read through each source provided. As you do, annotate key ideas, arguments, and pieces of evidence that might be useful. Be on the lookout for both supporting and contradicting points of view. Consider the credibility of each source and any biases that may be present.

Step 3: Develop a Thesis

Once you have a good grasp of the sources and the prompt, it’s time to formulate your thesis statement. Your thesis should clearly state your position on the issue and set the tone for your essay. It should be specific enough to guide your argument but flexible enough to allow for a nuanced discussion.

Step 4: Create an Outline

Organizing your thoughts and the information you plan to include is crucial. An outline will help you structure your essay logically. Plan out your introduction, thesis statement, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Decide where each source will fit into your argument and how you will address counterarguments.

Step 5: Write the Introduction

Your introduction should set the stage for your argument. Begin with a hook—an interesting fact, question, or quote that grabs the reader’s attention. Provide some background on the issue, if necessary, and then clearly state your thesis.

Step 6: Craft the Body Paragraphs

Each body paragraph should focus on a single idea that supports your thesis. Start with a topic sentence that clearly relates to your main argument. Integrate evidence from the sources, and explain how it supports your point. Be sure to attribute information correctly and blend the sources seamlessly into your own prose. Address counterarguments to demonstrate the depth of your analysis and reinforce your position.

Step 7: Use Transitions

Transitions are the glue that holds your essay together. They help the reader follow your argument from one point to the next. Use transitional phrases to connect ideas within paragraphs and to move smoothly between them.

Step 8: Conclude with Strength

Your conclusion should not simply restate your thesis. Instead, it should synthesize the main points you’ve made and demonstrate the broader implications of your argument. Leave your reader with a final thought that underscores the significance of your position.

Step 9: Cite Your Sources

While the AP Language exam does not require formal MLA or APA citation style, you do need to clearly indicate which source you are referencing. You might do this by mentioning the author’s name or by describing the source (“According to the graph provided…”).

Step 10: Revise and Proofread

If time permits, review your essay. Look for clarity, coherence, and grammatical accuracy. Make sure you’ve used a variety of sentence structures and that your word choice is precise. Confirm that you’ve accurately represented the sources and that your argument is persuasive.

Tips for Success

• Understand Rhetorical Strategies : Knowing how to identify and discuss rhetorical devices will help you analyze the sources effectively.
• Practice Critical Reading : The more you practice reading non-fiction texts critically, the better you will become at quickly identifying key arguments and evidence.
• Practice Writing Under Time Constraints : The synthesis essay is timed, so you need to be able to organize and express your thoughts quickly and efficiently.
• Learn to Synthesize : Synthesis goes beyond summarizing sources. It involves combining ideas from different sources to support your own argument in a cohesive way.
• Expand Your Vocabulary : A rich vocabulary allows you to express your ideas clearly and persuasively.

Example Synthesis Prompt and Thesis

Prompt : In an increasingly digital world, libraries are at a crossroads. Some argue that libraries are more important than ever, providing access to digital resources and a public space for the community. Others believe that libraries are becoming obsolete in the age of the internet. Based on the sources provided, construct an argument about the role that libraries should play in contemporary society.

Thesis : In the 21st century, libraries must evolve beyond their traditional role as repositories of printed materials; they should serve as dynamic community centers that provide access to digital resources, promote digital literacy, and foster communal engagement.

With this thesis, the essay will not only synthesize the given sources but also present a nuanced perspective on the future of libraries.

AP Language Synthesis Essay Example #1

Prompt: Over the past decade, there has been a rising trend of telecommuting, with many individuals working from home rather than in traditional office settings. Some argue that telecommuting offers greater work-life balance and reduces the environmental impact of commuting. Others contend that it can lead to feelings of isolation and may hinder collaboration among colleagues. Based on the sources provided, write an essay that synthesizes at least three of the sources to develop your position on the pros and cons of telecommuting.

• Source A: An article about the environmental benefits of telecommuting.
• Source B: A study on productivity changes when employees work from home.
• Source C: An interview with a psychologist discussing the social implications of telecommuting.
• Source D: A business magazine article on the impact of telecommuting on company culture.
• Source E: A blog post from a telecommuter sharing personal experiences.
• Source F: An infographic with statistics on telecommuting trends.

Example Synthesis Essay

Title: Telecommuting: Balancing the Scale of Work-Life and Collaboration

In a world where the digital landscape is rapidly redefining the traditional workspace, telecommuting emerges as a beacon of modern employment. It promises a greener earth through fewer carbon emissions, a more balanced life away from the rigors of office commutes, and an autonomous work environment. However, these benefits come with trade-offs, such as potential obstacles to collaboration and a risk of worker isolation. By synthesizing insights from multiple sources, it becomes evident that telecommuting is a multifaceted issue that requires a nuanced approach to harness its benefits while mitigating its drawbacks.

The environmental argument for telecommuting, as presented in Source A, is compelling. The reduction in daily commutes translates to fewer cars on the road and a significant decrease in carbon footprint. This source posits that if employees with telework-compatible jobs worked from home even half the time, the national savings would total over $700 million in reduced oil consumption annually. The environmental benefits are clear, but they represent only one slice of the telecommuting pie.

Source B presents a more complex picture, suggesting that telecommuting can lead to increased productivity. The study details how employees often work longer hours from the comfort of their homes, free from the distractions of office politics and the time sink of daily commutes. However, this increased productivity does not necessarily equate to increased job satisfaction. The isolation mentioned in Source B can lead to a sense of disconnection from colleagues and the company culture.

The psychological impact of this isolation is further explored in Source C, where a psychologist asserts that human beings are inherently social creatures who thrive on interpersonal interactions. The psychologist warns that prolonged periods of isolation can lead to feelings of loneliness and can be detrimental to mental health—even more so in a work context where collaboration and team cohesion are essential.

Conversely, Source D argues that company culture does not have to suffer as a result of telecommuting. It proposes that with the right communication tools and regular in-person meetings, a company can maintain, if not strengthen, its culture. The article highlights companies that have successfully integrated telecommuting without sacrificing their collaborative ethos. This suggests that while telecommuting presents challenges to maintaining company culture, these challenges are not insurmountable with intentional effort.

The personal account in Source E provides a testament to the positive aspects of telecommuting, outlining the writer’s improved work-life balance, increased autonomy, and reduced stress levels. This perspective is valuable as it underscores the importance of individual differences. For some, the solitude of telecommuting is a blessing that allows for deep work and concentration, whereas for others, it can be a curse that breeds isolation and disconnection.

The infographic in Source F offers a broader overview, presenting data that reflects the growing trend of telecommuting. It states that telecommuting has increased by 44% over the last five years, suggesting that the workforce is adapting to this new model. This rise indicates that despite its challenges, telecommuting is meeting the needs of a significant portion of the workforce.

Considering the evidence, telecommuting presents a paradoxical challenge: it can both enhance and diminish the quality of the working experience. On the one hand, it can lead to environmental benefits, increased productivity, and improved work-life balance (Sources A, B, and E). On the other hand, it can impede collaboration and contribute to feelings of isolation (Sources C and D). The solution lies not in rejecting telecommuting outright but in approaching it with a strategy that fosters connection and collaboration while allowing for the flexibility that many workers desire.

In conclusion, telecommuting is not a one-size-fits-all solution. It is a flexible tool that, when used appropriately, can offer significant benefits to both the employee and the environment. Organizations and employees alike must strive to strike a balance—leveraging technology to maintain team unity, instituting regular check-ins to combat isolation, and promoting a culture that values both individual and collective success. As the workplace continues to evolve, so must our strategies for ensuring that telecommuting serves as a bridge to a more sustainable and satisfying professional life, rather than a barrier.

This synthesis essay integrates material from at least three of the provided sources to construct an argument. It carefully balances the pros and cons of telecommuting, providing a nuanced analysis of the issue. Remember that actual AP sources will contain more detailed information, and your essay should include direct reference to the content of the sources, including quotations and specific data where appropriate. Always cite the sources as Source A, Source B, etc., within your essay.

AP Language Synthesis Essay Example #2

Prompt: The rise of social media platforms has transformed the way people interact and consume information. While some praise social media for democratizing information and connecting people worldwide, others criticize it for contributing to the spread of misinformation and reducing the quality of public discourse. Based on the sources provided, write an essay that synthesizes at least three of the sources to argue whether social media has been more beneficial or detrimental to society.

• Source A: An article on the role of social media in political movements.
• Source B: A study examining the relationship between social media use and mental health.
• Source C: A journalist’s opinion piece on the spread of misinformation through social media.
• Source D: A report on the impact of social media on local businesses and economies.
• Source E: A survey revealing how different generations use social media.
• Source F: An interview with a social media platform developer discussing the intent behind the platform’s design.

Title: Navigating the Digital Maze: The Dual Faces of Social Media

In an age where a tweet can spark a revolution and a hashtag can unite millions, social media has become a fundamental pillar of modern communication. Its rapid ascendancy has ushered in a new era, where information is at the fingertips of anyone with internet access. This power to connect has been instrumental in driving political movements, as noted in Source A, which highlights the crucial role social media played in the Arab Spring. However, this connectivity comes at a price. As social media’s influence deepens, its capacity for harm seems to match its potential for good. The debate on whether social media serves as a force for societal benefit or detriment is multifaceted, and a synthesis of the provided sources reveals a complex web of consequences that social media weaves.

The democratizing power of social media is evident in its ability to mobilize and empower individuals, particularly in political contexts. Source A illustrates this through examples of social media as a tool for political activism, enabling citizens to organize, protest, and hold authorities accountable. This represents a significant shift in power dynamics, from a centralized broadcast model to a decentralized network where voices that were previously marginalized can now be amplified.

Despite these positive aspects, the argument that social media is a double-edged sword is well-founded. Source B presents alarming evidence linking excessive social media use to deteriorating mental health, especially among younger demographics. The constant comparison with others, cyberbullying, and the “fear of missing out” are cited as contributing factors to anxiety and depression. This correlation points to a darker side of social networks, where the quest for likes and follows can eclipse the quest for genuine human connection.

The pernicious spread of misinformation through social media platforms, as discussed in Source C, adds another layer of complexity. The piece elucidates how false information can go viral, sometimes with dire consequences. The recent proliferation of “fake news” has led to widespread confusion and a general mistrust in the information ecosystem. Social media, designed to facilitate the rapid exchange of information, has inadvertently become a conduit for deception on a grand scale.

However, not all effects of social media are so grim. Source D sheds light on its positive economic impacts, particularly for local businesses. By providing a platform for advertising and customer engagement, social media has enabled small businesses to flourish. The report suggests that social media has been a boon for entrepreneurship, offering affordable and effective marketing tools that were previously accessible only to large companies with substantial budgets.

The generational divide in social media use, as shown in Source E, suggests that the platform’s effects are not uniform across all age groups. While younger users may be more prone to the negative social impacts, older generations might leverage social media primarily for staying connected with family and friends, thus experiencing more of its benefits.

Lastly, Source F provides insight from the perspective of those behind the curtain: the developers of social media platforms. The interviewee reflects on the original intent of these networks—to connect people—and acknowledges that while the platforms have largely succeeded in this goal, they have also created unintended negative consequences.

In synthesizing these sources, it becomes clear that social media is neither wholly beneficial nor entirely detrimental. It is a reflection of humanity itself—capable of great good and great harm. The key lies in how individuals and societies choose to utilize this tool. Social media has the potential to be a formidable ally in the quest for a more informed and connected world, as long as users remain vigilant against its darker tendencies.

In conclusion, the impact of social media on society is akin to fire—a powerful element that can warm a home or raze it. It is incumbent upon users, platform developers, and policymakers alike to cultivate a virtual environment that fuels the flames of positive change while containing the destructive blazes of harm. As social media continues to evolve, so too should our understanding and regulation of its vast influence.

This essay integrates material from the provided sources and develops an argument about the complex nature of social media’s impact on society. It weaves together the benefits and drawbacks discussed in the sources to present a nuanced view that recognizes the power of social media as a tool whose ultimate effect depends on its use and regulation. Remember, in an actual AP Synthesis Essay, you would need to reference the sources more directly, including specific evidence and quotations, and provide in-text citations (Source A, Source B, etc.) within the body of your essay.

AP Language Synthesis Essay Example #3

Prompt: In recent years, the movement towards organic and locally sourced foods has gained momentum. Advocates claim that this shift is essential for health, environmental sustainability, and supporting local economies. Critics argue that it is an inefficient use of resources and can be economically divisive. Based on the sources provided, write an essay that synthesizes at least three of the sources to evaluate the validity of the movement towards organic and locally sourced foods.

• Source A: A study on the health benefits of organic foods.
• Source B: An economic analysis comparing the costs of local vs. imported foods.
• Source C: An article on the environmental impact of local sourcing.
• Source D: A food critic’s blog post questioning the superiority of organic food taste.
• Source E: A sociologist’s research paper on food deserts and community access to organic foods.
• Source F: A farmer’s interview about the challenges and rewards of local farming.

Title: The Organic Odyssey: Weighing the Costs and Benefits of a Local Plate

The push for organic and locally sourced foods has transformed from a niche interest into a significant cultural and economic movement. Proponents hail it as a panacea for a range of issues from health to the environment, while critics decry it as an impractical and elitist trend that exacerbates social inequalities. This dichotomy necessitates a critical examination of the widespread claims surrounding the movement. By drawing from various perspectives outlined in the provided sources, it is possible to construct a more measured appraisal of the push for organic and local food sourcing.

Source A presents compelling evidence on the health advantages of organic foods, citing lower pesticide levels and higher nutritional content. These health benefits provide a strong incentive for consumers to seek out organic options, potentially leading to better overall public health outcomes. Yet, the study does not fully address the economic implications of choosing organic, which can be significantly more expensive than conventionally grown produce.

The economic argument against the exclusive consumption of organic and local foods is expounded in Source B. The analysis reveals that local foods often come with a higher price tag due to the economies of scale enjoyed by larger, non-local farms. This cost difference can make organic and locally sourced foods less accessible to lower-income individuals, inadvertently contributing to a socioeconomic divide.

Environmental considerations are the focus of Source C, which underscores the reduced carbon footprint associated with local sourcing. By eliminating long-distance transportation, local sourcing minimizes greenhouse gas emissions, which is a clear environmental win. This source suggests that the benefits of local sourcing extend beyond the individual to global ecological health, reinforcing the environmental argument in favor of the local food movement.

However, Source D introduces a contrarian viewpoint, challenging the purported taste superiority of organic foods. The food critic argues that taste is subjective and that organic foods do not consistently outperform their non-organic counterparts in blind taste tests. This perspective is a reminder that personal preference should not be overlooked in the discourse on food sourcing and that taste alone may not justify the higher cost of organic foods for many consumers.

The issue of access is further complicated in Source E, which investigates food deserts—urban and rural areas where fresh, healthy food is difficult to obtain. The sociologist’s research highlights the disparity in access to organic foods, emphasizing that for many communities, the debate over organic versus conventional is moot when availability is the primary concern. This research implies that the movement toward organic and local foods must be accompanied by efforts to increase access and affordability if it is to be truly transformative.

Finally, Source F provides insight into the experiences of a local farmer, revealing the challenges faced by small-scale agriculture. The interview conveys the passion and dedication of local farmers and the value they place on sustainable practices. It also brings to light the financial and logistical hurdles that these farmers encounter in a market dominated by large agribusinesses.

Synthesizing these sources, it becomes evident that the movement toward organic and locally sourced foods is neither an unequivocal good nor an outright misstep. It offers tangible benefits in health and environmental sustainability but also poses significant economic and access challenges. The validity of this movement, therefore, hinges on a delicate balance: promoting the growth of organic and local food markets while ensuring that these options are affordable and accessible to all segments of the population.

In conclusion, the organic and local food movement has the potential to be a force for positive change, provided that it does not become an exclusive club for the affluent. Bridging the gap between healthful, sustainable food and the diverse needs of a broad consumer base requires policy innovations, community support initiatives, and continued dialogue. As the movement evolves, it must strive to include rather than divide, to nourish both the body and the fabric of society.

In this synthesis essay, the sources provided are integrated to explore the complexity of the organic and locally sourced food movement. The essay examines the movement from multiple angles, considering health, economic, environmental, taste preference, accessibility, andpersonal perspectives. It does not outright reject or accept the movement but rather calls for a nuanced approach that acknowledges its benefits and addresses its limitations. In an actual AP Synthesis Essay, direct references to the sources with in-text citations (Source A, Source B, etc.) would be included to support the points made, and quotations might be used for evidence. The essay would demonstrate how the writer can engage with multiple viewpoints and synthesize them into a coherent argument.

Final Thoughts

The synthesis essay on the AP Language exam presents a unique opportunity to showcase your ability to think critically, argue effectively, and integrate information from multiple sources. By understanding the prompt, examining the sources critically, developing a strong thesis, organizing your thoughts clearly, and employing rhetorical strategies skillfully, you can compose an essay that demonstrates your readiness for college-level work and beyond.

Remember, the key to success is practice. The more you work on reading critically, writing essays, and synthesizing information, the more adept you will become at this challenging but rewarding task. Good luck on your AP Language journey!

About Mr. Greg

Mr. Greg is an English teacher from Edinburgh, Scotland, currently based in Hong Kong. He has over 5 years teaching experience and recently completed his PGCE at the University of Essex Online. In 2013, he graduated from Edinburgh Napier University with a BEng(Hons) in Computing, with a focus on social media.

Mr. Greg’s English Cloud was created in 2020 during the pandemic, aiming to provide students and parents with resources to help facilitate their learning at home.

In his spare time, he likes to compete in powerlifitng events and the odd strongman event!

Whatsapp: +85259609792

[email protected]

How to Write a Synthesis Essay AP Lang | Guide to Getting a Perfect Score

The AP Language and Composition exam is notoriously difficult. Even top, A+ language arts students have found it exceptionally challenging. 

Beyond diligently studying with a  top-rated AP Lang review book , you should also carefully review our comprehensive guide on how to write a synthesis essay for AP Lang featured in this article.

Once you complete the supremely humbling hour-long multiple-choice section, making up only 45% of your score, the trial has only just begun. Now, already fatigued from the first section, you must begin the grueling, two-hour free response section of the exam, which accounts for a whopping 55% of your final exam score. This section requires you to compose three essays of distinct types: an argumentative essay, a rhetorical analysis essay ( you also need to learn how to use AP Lang rhetorical devices ) and, the most dreaded of all, the synthesis essay.

Luckily, there are some great options to help you prepare to nail your synthesis essay. So, read on for everything you need to know to knock your synthesis essay out of the park!

How to Write Synthesis Essays AP Lang

One of the most challenging aspects of the AP synthesis essay is figuring out what the prompt is asking you to do. After all, what does it mean to “synthesize” something anyway? And what’s the difference between a synthesis essay and an evidence-based argumentative essay?

In this guide, we’ll answer these questions and a lot more. We’ll help you establish a solid understanding of what synthesis is, how to do it, and how to use it to write a high-scoring essay, according to College Board’s AP Language and Composition scoring guidelines . Lastly, we’ll leave you with some advice about things to be sure and attend to in your essay, as well as the most important things to avoid. 

Introduction to Syntheses

Before we get into all the details and advice on how to write a quality synthesis essay, we first need to answer a critical question: what is a synthesis essay?

Simply put, a synthesis essay is a piece of writing that brings together information and ideas from two or more sources. 

The synthesis part comes in as you begin to develop connections between the sources, whether they are in agreement, disagreement, approach the same topic from different angles, or simply provide ideas on different topics that can in some way contribute some other discourse.

This, of course, is just a very basic introduction to what a synthesis essay is.

Throughout this article, the concept will surely become clearer to you.

Two Types of Syntheses

There are essentially two types of synthesis essay that you will run into: argumentative syntheses and explanatory syntheses. Luckily, you really only need to master one of them, the argumentative synthesis, as this is the most common expectation on AP exams.

Explanatory Synthesis

An explanatory synthesis essay is exactly what it sounds like. It the type of writing in which you will be asked to explain the arguments and information presented in your sources. You should also seek out connections and contrasting elements between the sources in order to give your essay a certain level of nuance and to display your deeper understanding and reasoning skills. 

Most of the time, AP Language and Composition exams won’t focus on explanatory synthesis essays. However, it would be wise to use some explanatory techniques even within your argumentative synthesis essay.

Argumentative Synthesis

When someone asks, “what is a synthesis in writing?” they’re typically referring to argumentative synthesis, and this is especially the case for the AP exam. 

At its most basic, an argumentative synthesis essay is on in which you must present your own opinions and support them with appropriate ideas and information from your sources. Most importantly, the thesis for your argumentative synthesis essay must be a proposition that can be debated. That is, there must be another potential argument against your own. 

Standards for Synthesis Essays

The people who will be scoring your AP Lang synthesis essay use a very clearly defined rubric to determine your score according to various criteria. Unfortunately, these prompt-specific rubrics are not available to the public until after the exams.

That said, we can still gain a wealth of useful information from past scoring guidelines.

Here are some of the elements of high-scoring essays that seem to be fairly constant from exam to exam, regardless of the essay prompt topic:

Supply useful context on the topic

Give a sense of why the topic is important

Engage with the complexity of the subject

Foreground your opinion on the topic

Offer thorough and thoughtful analysis of quotations, paraphrases, etc.

Synthesize source material by finding connections with your own ideas and opinions

Properly attributes ideas to sources

Conclude with more than just a summary by answering the “so what?” question

Techniques for Developing Synthesis Essays

Before you can start writing a quality synthesis essay, you need to spend some time developing your ideas and seeing how they do or do not relate to your source materials.

The following is a list of steps that you should always take before you start writing the bulk of your actual essay. These guidelines will be enormously helpful when it comes time to figure out what you want to say in your essay. If you read this carefully and take seriously these suggestions, you’ll have no trouble coming up with interesting and complex ideas for your essay.

What’s your purpose? Before you do anything, you need to determine what the prompt is asking you to do. Obviously, it’s going to ask you to synthesize some stuff, but keep an eye out for these helpful guide words:

Compare/Contrast

Read the source material; then, read it again to annotate. Once you’ve read through the sources once, go back and reach each one again, this time with a pencil to underline and add notes as you go.

Formulate your thesis statement. After reading and taking notes on your sources, you’re ready to brainstorm your thesis statement. As you do this, try to keep track of potential aspects of each source that you can use to support your claim. 

Sketch an outline. When you have a thesis statement down (at least a tentative one—you should always be open to revising it as you go), you should sketch a simple outline that includes your thesis statement, supporting points that you can use for topic sentences, and a rough idea of how you will incorporate your sources. 

If you follow these steps closely, there’s no doubt that you’ll be ready to start writing what is sure to be a clever, thoughtful, and nuanced synthesis essay.

How to Write a Good Synthesis Essay?

Now that we know what a synthesis essay is, what AP exam scorers will be looking for in your essay, and what techniques you can use to develop your essay topic, it’s time to look at some different strategies for how to actually write a synthesis essay in AP Lang.

As you go about the work of composing your essay, there are several approaches and strategies to can implement at different points in the essay.

None of these elements will be particularly effective in isolation, so be sure to use a variety of these strategies to enhance the complexity and depth of your argument.

Summarize. Summarizing ideas and source material is easy, and for that reason it is not going to do a whole lot in the way of getting you a great score. It is, however, an incredibly useful tool that, when used in conjunction with other strategies on this list, can be quite effective.

Compare and Contrast. This is typically the level of synthesis that most people start at after summarizing the content they are considering. It’s not exactly “high-order” analysis, but it can be very useful in establishing the positions of your sources and creating a foundation on which you can present your own ideas and opinions.

Give an Example. A great way to show you understand a certain concept is to apply your understanding through an example. You can think of examples that illustrate the concepts you’re dealing with as a way to clarify your topic and also to support your own arguments. 

“They Say, I Say.” This is the classic, and possibly most effective, synthesis move. After you’ve presented a quotation or paraphrase of one or more sources’ ideas, move on to explain your own position as it relates to theirs. It becomes much easier to state your own ideas and opinions when you do it within the context of the larger discussion of the topic.

Synthesis Essay Structure

One of the most sure-fire ways to earn a passing score on your synthesis essay is to ensure you structure it effectively. To do this well, it’s a smart idea, prior to writing your essay, to sketch out a quick outline of the essay’s structure. Your outline doesn’t need to be especially detailed, but it will be tremendously helpful for you to have a general plan to work from.

Another good idea that will help you learn how to structure your essay is by looking at a synthesis example.

Helpfully, the College Board’s AP Language and Composition exam site supplies several samp le essays for you to get an idea of what good, average, and poor synthesis essays look like.

If you take some time to read these examples, you’ll have a much better vision of what the scorers are looking for in terms of a well-structured synthesis essay.

That said, there is a very basic structure for synthesis essays that, if followed carefully, will guarantee that your essay is, at the very least, structured logically. This format is essentially the standard format for any basic five-paragraph essay. Take a look.

Basic Essay Structure

Introduction Paragraph

Give some BACKGROUND information and CONTEXT on the general topic of your essay.

Briefly introduce the SOURCES that you will be using.

Present your THESIS STATEMENT (this is usually the very last sentence of the paragraph).

Body Paragraph

Start with a TOPIC SENTENCE that supports your thesis statement.

Cite one or more SOURCES that support your topic sentence.

Provide COMMENTARY and ANALYSIS on the ideas you have just cited from your sources. 

Use a TRANSITION WORD or PHRASE to guide the reader logically toward the ideas you will present in the topic sentence of the next paragraph.

Body Paragraphs 2-?

Repeat the steps in the previous section with different topic sentences and source references, all of which must support your thesis statement. 

Include as many body paragraphs as you have points and topic sentences to justify. Typically, a good AP Lang synthesis essay will have around 3-4 well-constructed and reasoned body paragraphs, but this is just a general guideline.

Conclusion Paragraph

Restate your THESIS statement in a new and interesting way (that is, do not simply repeat your thesis word-for-word as it appears in the introduction!).

Tie it all together by briefly summarizing your main points.

Answer the “SO WHAT?” QUESTION by explaining why your argument matters and what the implications of it might be. Try to broaden your scope in order to show the reader how it fits in with the “big picture.”

Synthesis Writing Dos and Don’ts

Finally, we want to leave you with a quick list of things to strive for and things to avoid at all costs. 

DO Develop a Strong, Clear Thesis Statement

DO Use Topic Sentences 

DO Cite Your Sources Accurately and Appropriately

DO Sketch a Basic Outline 

DO Pace Yourself

DO Proofread and Revise Your Essay Carefully

DON’T Overdo It with Summaries

DON’T Start Paragraphs with Quotations

DON’T Get Overwhelmed by the Sources

DON’T Use Other People’s Ideas without Citing Your Sources

DON’T Use Overly Lengthy Quotations or Paraphrases

Leonard Haggin

I created this site to help students like you learn from the experiences my team had learned during our extensive academic careers. I am now studying Law at Stanford, but I also make time to write articles here in order to help all you fellow students advance in your academic careers and beyond. I hope our efforts on Study Prep Lounge will arm you with the knowledge you need to overcome whatever trial or test you find in front of you.

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