md vs phd vs psyd

Psy.D. Vs. Ph.D.: Which Is The Right Fit For You?

Updated: Jan 2, 2024, 3:22pm

Committing to a Ph.D. or a Psy.D. program can have a significant impact on your career path. Both will prepare you for a career in psychology , but there are significant differences between the two programs you should know about. In general, a Ph.D. in psychology focuses more on research and a Psy.D. focuses on practical application.

While both programs can lead to becoming a licensed psychologist , taking a closer look at what each degree track will provide will help you determine whether a Ph.D. or Psy.D. is best for you.

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What Is a Ph.D. in Psychology?

A Ph.D. in psychology, or a Doctor of Philosophy in psychology, is a doctoral degree that primarily focuses on training students in scientific research. Compared to a Psy.D, the Ph.D. is more common and can be found at many public and private universities.

Students in a Ph.D. in psychology program can expect to obtain and build on the knowledge and skills within general psychology or in a concentration. The American Psychological Association (APA) has an extensive list of subfields that range from clinical psychology to climate and environmental psychology.

Benefits of a Ph.D. in Psychology

A significant benefit of a Ph.D. in psychology is that it offers more financial aid options. Many programs offer scholarships, teaching assistantships or even full or partial tuition remission to cover expenses. Some programs also have research grants and fellowships that are sponsored by government agencies and private companies that you can apply for and become part of a research team.

Another benefit is that some programs offer training in both applied practice and in research, rather than focusing heavily on application as a Psy.D. program would. Having dual training may provide you more opportunities on the job market.

What Is a Psy.D.?

A Psy.D., or a Doctor of Psychology, is also a doctoral degree that focuses on application. A Psy.D. program prepares students to provide services for patients and clients, rather than a focus on research.

Unlike a Ph.D., Psy.D. programs are often found in professional schools of psychology that may be university-based, free-standing or in medical or health and science institutions.

Benefits of a Psy.D.

While a Psy.D. may not have the same financial benefits of a Ph.D. program, a Psy.D. will give you more experience with patients earlier in your program. Candidates will often begin coursework and clinical training in the first year of their program.

A Psy.D. program, such as one for aspiring clinical psychologists , features an intensive focus on client-focused skills. Courses can include supervision and consultation, treatment and assessment and other classes that will cover disorders.

In some Psy.D. programs, you may be expected to complete a doctoral-level research project instead of a dissertation.

What to Consider When Choosing a Program

The first consideration you should make when choosing a program is the kind of work you want to pursue post-graduation. Do you want to do research or teach? Do you want to provide services to clients and patients?

Here are some considerations you should make when making the big decision.

Look at Time Spent in School

Both Ph.D. and Psy.D. programs require a heavy investment of your time in school. Programs often require applicants to have an undergraduate and master’s degree. However, some programs have combined master’s and doctorate degrees, reducing years of education and allowing students to enter the workforce sooner.

Students can expect to spend five years in school before obtaining a degree, with four years of coursework and one year of internship. Many candidates, however, take between five to seven years to graduate.

Find Your Focus

Your academic focus and concentration choice may sway your decision in applying for one doctoral degree over the other.

Concentrations in a Psy.D program are typically in clinical, counseling, school or industrial-organizational psychology . In contrast, the options of subfields within a Ph.D. program are more broad and focus heavily on research and experimentation to build knowledge within a discipline.

Consider Your Career Path

Considering your career path or interests will help you decide whether a Ph.D. or Psy.D. is right for you. While the most familiar psychology careers are commonly found in education and healthcare, psychologists are needed in other industries, such as business and technology. These in-demand specialties contribute to high psychologist salaries .

Accreditation

Accreditation of your Ph.D. or Psy.D. program ensures that your program is recognized by the governing bodies for licensure. While completing an accredited program will not guarantee you employment or licensure, it will equip you with necessary skills and knowledge.

The APA has a tool to help students find accredited doctoral programs, as well as internships and postdoctoral residencies across the country.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What can you do with psy.d..

A Psy.D. focuses on working directly with patients to provide psychological services. For example, a clinical Psy.D. will prepare students to provide mental and behavioral healthcare to individuals and families across all demographics and over individuals’ lifespans.

Which psychology field is most in-demand?

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects strong job growth for psychologists from 2022 to 2032, with a 6% increase overall. Clinical and counseling psychologists will see the highest demand, with an expected growth rate of 11%, followed by industrial-organizational psychologists at 6%.

How long does it take to earn a Ph.D. in psychology?

Many Ph.D. programs project a five year completion time. However, many students can take upwards of seven years.

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Brandon Galarita is a freelance writer and K-12 educator in Honolulu, Hawaii. He is passionate about technology in education, college and career readiness and school improvement through data-driven practices.

• Psychology Programs

What are the Key Differences Between a PsyD and Ph.D Program in Psychology?

If psychology is your major of choice, and you want to get an advanced degree, you might be faced with choosing between a PsyD and Ph.D. The question is, what are the differences between the two?

Ultimately, both degrees offer a high level of training in psychology, but how these programs go about doing that differs, both in terms of some of the coursework and the learning outcomes you are expected to master.

Likewise, you will find differences in the careers you might pursue after completing a PsyD as opposed to a Ph.D. Other differences exist, too – which are explained in the detailed guide below.

PsyD Vs Ph.D.

PsyD (Doctor of Psychology) emphasizes clinical practice and hands-on therapy. Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology) often focuses on research, theory, and teaching. While both can lead to therapeutic roles, their primary goals differ: PsyD trains clinicians, while PhD prepares researchers and academics.

PsyD programs are much newer. While Ph.D. programs in psychology date back to the late 1800s , PsyD programs weren’t developed until the early 1970s . But why did the psychology community feel the need to add another high-level degree offering?

Simply put, back then, as today, Ph.D. programs in psychology focused mostly on research and academic pursuits, not clinical applications of psychology. PsyD programs, on the other hand, were developed as professional training specifically for students who wished to provide psychological services to clients in a clinical setting.

As a result of this key difference, these programs approach coursework and learning outcomes in different ways.

Differences in Coursework

The core coursework of most PsyD and Ph.D. programs is actually quite similar. In both programs, you will spend the first couple of years of your studies exploring the central tenets of psychology in courses like psychopathology, developmental psychology, and ethical issues in psychology.

Likewise, PsyD and Ph.D. programs typically include coursework in psychological assessment, history and systems of psychology, and cognitive psychology. Behavioral psychology, psychological interventions, and psychoanalysis are common.

However, as one progresses through these programs, the focus of the coursework begins to diverge. For example, as a PsyD student, you can expect to continue a path of psychology coursework for much of the remainder of the program. But as a Ph.D. student, the third through sixth years of the program focus much more on research-related topics.

Let’s assume you are a third-year PsyD student. Since PsyD programs focus more on clinical applications of psychology, your semester course schedule might look like this:

• Projective personality assessment
• Couples and family therapy
• Psychopharmacology

Now let’s assume you are a third-year Ph.D. student. With a focus on psychological research, your semester course load might look like this:

• Biostatistics
• Experimental design
• Data analysis

So, while the foundational courses students initially take might be very similar, the focus in many programs begins to shift such that PsyD students get the needed training to apply their knowledge as a clinician, whereas Ph.D. students get the needed training to conduct research .

It’s worth mentioning that not all Ph.D. programs are wholly focused on research – some Ph.D. options mirror the training provided by a Psy.D.

Differences in Duration, Core Subjects, and Electives

When deciding between a PsyD and a PhD in psychology, understanding the duration and course structure can help prospective you align their choices with your personal and professional goals.

• Duration : Typically, PsyD programs last between 4 to 6 years , including internship. The exact duration can vary based on full-time vs. part-time enrollment, the program’s intensity, and individual progress.
• Course Structure :
• Core Subjects : PsyD programs often include core courses in psychotherapy, diagnostics, psychological assessment, human development, and psychopathology.
• Electives : PsyD programs may offer electives in areas like child psychology, forensic psychology, neuropsychology, and health psychology, allowing you to tailor your education to specific interests.
• Clinical Training : Hands-on clinical experience is central to the PsyD curriculum. You will engage in supervised internships or practicums throughout your program.
• Duration : PhD programs typically last between 5 to 7 years , with the variation often due to the time required for original research and dissertation completion.
• Core Subjects : PhD programs frequently include core courses in research methods, statistics, cognitive psychology, biological psychology, and psychometrics.
• Electives : As a PhD candidate, you can choose electives related to your specific research interests, be it in social psychology, developmental psychology, organizational psychology, or other specializations.
• Research : A significant portion of a PhD program is dedicated to research. You will be expected to produce original research, culminating in a dissertation. Some programs also require teaching or assisting in undergraduate courses.

Differences in Learning Outcomes

As a result of the differences in coursework between these programs, there are often distinct differences in learning outcomes as well.

A good example of this is in the application of knowledge and skills acquired in a PsyD versus a Ph.D. program:

• A primary learning outcome for PsyD students might be successfully assessing and diagnosing a client with a specific psychological disorder. This would include having competency using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders to identify the presenting issue and outlining a course of treatment to address the presenting.
• A primary learning outcome for Ph.D. students might be to design and carry out a psychological experiment successfully. This would include the competency to examine relevant psychological research, conduct detailed data analyses, and interpret data to draw evidence-based conclusions.

We can drill down to even more specific differences in these learning outcomes. For example, a PsyD student might be evaluated on their ability to form a trusting relationship with a client in a clinical setting. This skill would be evaluated and assessed in the context of a supervised field experience, such as a pre-doctoral internship. The PsyD student would be observed by their supervisor, who would provide actionable feedback regarding the student’s demeanor with the client, application of relevant skills, and so forth.

Meanwhile, a Ph.D. student might be evaluated on their research competencies in the context of their dissertation research. The dissertation process is a lengthy one, with years of research devoted to the project and feedback provided by one’s dissertation committee at various points in the process.

But, rather than being evaluated on their ability to provide psychological services to a client, a Ph.D. student’s dissertation committee would provide a final evaluation of the quality of research and academic value of that research during the student’s dissertation defense. Again, while the underlying theory and training might be similar, the application of knowledge gained in a PsyD versus a Ph.D. program can be quite different.

Licensing and Certifications

After completing a PsyD program, graduates typically need to pass a state licensing exam, often referred to as the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP) . Additionally, all states have post-doctoral supervised practice requirements before granting full licensure.

If you are looking to specialize further, there are various certifications available. These can be in areas like clinical child psychology, forensic psychology, school psychology, or neuropsychology. These certifications may enhance your job prospects, professional reputation, and potential earning capacity.

Just like PsyD graduates, PhD graduates aiming for clinical practice must pass the EPPP and fulfill any state-specific requirements. If you are planning to venture into academia, credentials like teaching certifications or post-doctoral fellowships can further bolster your academic profile.

Differences in Career Opportunities

As a result of the differences in coursework and learning outcomes in PsyD and Ph.D. programs, you’ll find that the career opportunities can be quite different as well.

Assume you are a PsyD graduate looking for your first job. With your background in psychological assessment, diagnosis, and treatment, it stands to reason that the career opportunities ahead of you would be in areas like clinical psychology, counseling psychology, or marriage and family therapy.

Bear in mind that the specific job opportunities you have depend on your specific PsyD training. For example, some PsyD programs focus on forensic psychology. In that case, the career opportunities you pursue would be specific to that field, such as clinical forensic psychology. With this specialization, jobs in marriage and family therapy would likely not be on your radar.

Even though PsyD programs might have a narrowed focus on a specific niche of psychology, what binds PsyD programs together is clinical training. Regardless of whether your PsyD program focuses on clinical psychology, developmental psychology, forensic psychology, or something in between, your training will lead to a career in which you apply your skills in a therapeutic setting with clients.

The career opportunities for Ph.D. students can be much broader than Psy.D. students. On the one hand, if you complete a traditional Ph.D. program focusing on psychology research, your career opportunities will mostly exist in the research and academic realms.

For example, you might pursue employment at a psychology research lab, conducting research trials for new medications to treat psychological conditions. Alternatively, you might pursue employment at a college as a teaching professor in psychology. In both instances, you’re applying your training in non-clinical fields.

However, as noted earlier, not all Ph.D. programs in psychology are research-focused. For example, you can complete a Ph.D. program in counseling psychology and pursue a career in community mental health. Likewise, your Ph.D. program might provide you with training in child psychology, which would lead to a career working with children and adolescents in a clinical setting.

Differences in Admission Requirements

The application process for PsyD and PhD programs can be competitive. Admission requirements for PsyD and PhD programs slightly differ:

• Educational Background : Most PsyD programs require a bachelor’s degree, but not always in psychology. However, having a foundation in psychology can be beneficial.
• Prerequisite Courses : Some programs might require completion of specific coursework, such as statistics, research methods, or foundational psychology courses.
• Graduate Record Examination (GRE) : Many programs require GRE scores, but some might waive this requirement.
• Letters of Recommendation : Typically, 2-3 letters from academic or professional references..
• Personal Statement : An essay detailing your interest in the field, career goals, and reasons for choosing a PsyD program.
• Clinical Experience : While not always mandatory, having prior experience in a relevant clinical or counseling setting can strengthen an application.
• Educational Background : A bachelor’s or master’s degree, often with a preference for psychology or a related field.
• Research Experience : Given the research emphasis of PhD programs, prior research experience, publications, or presentations can be a significant advantage.
• Graduate Record Examination (GRE) : Required by most, though some institutions have started to eliminate this requirement.
• Letters of Recommendation : Generally, 2-3 letters, with a preference for those from research advisors or professors familiar with your academic abilities.
• Statement of Purpose : This is more than just a personal statement. It should detail your research interests, potential faculty mentors, past research projects, and long-term career aspirations.
• Interview : Many PhD programs have an interview component, either in-person or virtual, where the fit between you and the program is evaluated.

Both PsyD and PhD programs may also assess other materials like writing samples and CVs.

Is a PsyD Harder than a PhD?

Whether a PsyD is harder than a Ph.D. really comes down to your individual strengths as a student and prospective psychologist.

For example, if you aren’t comfortable working with clients with serious psychological issues, you might have difficulty completing a PsyD program since much of its focus is on developing the skills necessary to build an effective therapeutic relationship with a client. Likewise, if you aren’t terribly interested in mastering the techniques of specific psychological approaches (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy), you will find a PsyD program hard to complete.

Conversely, a Ph.D. program would be difficult if you struggle with the scientific applications of psychology. If statistics, for example, is hard for you to understand, you will have trouble in a Ph.D. program since statistics is a much larger component of the curriculum than in a PsyD program.

In other words, in a vacuum, a PsyD program isn’t harder than a Ph.D. program, nor is a Ph.D. program harder than a PsyD program. What it comes down to is what your strengths are, what your goals are, and what you’re interested in as a future psychologist. If you align your selected program to those components, you’ll have an easier time completing the program.

It should go without saying, though, that both PsyD and Ph.D. programs are difficult. They require years of training and practical experience, an enormous output of time and money, and require a sincere dedication to mastering relevant knowledge and skills. No matter which type of program you select, you will have to work hard to achieve your educational goals!

Is a PsyD as Good as a PhD?

Yes, a PsyD is every bit as accepted as a high-level psychology degree as a Ph.D. Think about it like the differences between a Master of Science and a Master of Arts – though these degrees have distinct differences, they are widely accepted as equal qualifications for many jobs in the psychology field.

Which is Better? A PhD or PsyD?

As discussed earlier, a Ph.D. is often preparatory for a career in research psychology and academics, which usually makes it a better choice if you wish to pursue jobs in those specific fields. On the other hand, a PsyD might be a better option if you prefer to explore a career in a helping profession like clinical or counseling psychology.

But this isn’t a clear-cut, black-and-white issue in which one of these degrees is always better than the other. Each degree has developed as a quality training program for different psychology applications. Which one is better for your specific needs and interests depends mainly on how you want to apply what you’ve learned in a work setting.

Either way you go, a PsyD. or Ph.D. in psychology is an excellent vehicle for advancing your education. When it comes down to it, you will emerge from either program with a terminal degree in your field backed by years of training and practical experience that makes you an expert in psychology.

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PsyD vs PhD: Which Psychology Degree Should You Get?

Studying psychology provides a window into human behavior. Doctoral psychology programs teach both an understanding of how people think and analytical and reasoning skills to further success in various careers. But deciding to pursue a doctoral degree in psychology means dedicating yourself to the highest level of education available in the field and represents a commitment of several years and significant effort.

While both a doctor of psychology (PsyD) degree and a doctor of philosophy (PhD) promise remarkable opportunities for advancement, the two offer very different career outcomes. While a PhD puts you on a path to pursue research and further understanding, a PsyD allows you to practice as a psychologist. 

According to the  Bureau of Labor Statistics , demand for psychologists with both degrees is expected to continue growing at a rate of approximately 8% over the next decade as more and more individuals, organizations, and academic institutions have greater need of counseling services and insights into the way that people act, think, and engage with one another.

What Are PsyD and PhD In Psychology Degrees For?

While both a PsyD and a PhD provide you with a doctoral degree and the highest level of education in the field, the two provide different types of expertise, and it is important for you to understand their distinctions so that you can make the choice that best matches your goals.

A PhD in psychology trains you in research and statistical analysis in preparation for adding to the body of knowledge, either through your own scientific pursuits or by helping to educate others studying psychology . By contrast, PsyD studies focuses more extensively on providing psychological services, whether counseling or applying psychology’s principles to further an organization’s goals.

Though pursuing either one will not preclude you from crossing over to a career that’s more aligned to the other, choosing the degree that best suits your long-term interests provides you with the education that is best suited to your aspirations.

Picking Between A Doctor of Psychology or PhD In Psychology Program

To help you determine which of the two doctoral degrees is the best choice for you, let’s take a look at what each type of program entails and what type of future each prepares you for.

What is a PsyD?

A  doctor of psychology program  generally takes between 4-6 years to complete and prepares you for a career in clinical practice. It has less of an emphasis on research than human behavior and development, psychological assessment, and intervention.

Most programs require completion of approximately sixty credits of study, participation in 2,000-to-3,000 hours of clinical practice and internship, and preparation and presentation of a dissertation. 

Upon completion of the program, graduates demonstrate the understanding and skills needed to guide one-on-one, family and group therapy sessions, to guide organizational strategies around anticipated human behaviors and engagement, to conduct neuropsychological assessments, and to treat mental health problems and issues.

Who Should Get a PsyD?

Doctoral candidates best suited for a PsyD are those who want to engage directly with individuals, families or groups, using their education and training to provide service rather than conducting research.

Those enrolled in PsyD programs receive extensive training in assessment and intervention, on human development, and on the role of cultural and economic contributors, all with the goal of better facilitating their understanding of behavior. PsyD students also study the practical aspects of clinical psychology, including legal, ethical, and professional issues.

PsyD Careers and Salaries

With a PsyD degree you become prepared for professional practice within any number of applications of psychology science. A PsyD degree trains you to use your knowledge and training in service and practice, with an emphasis on assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and making improvements in the condition of and relations between humans in a variety of environments. Depending upon the career that they choose, their practice can include engaging with people in a clinical setting, at their workplace, in school, or elsewhere.

Typical careers held by those with a PsyD degree include:

• Median Salary: $51,340
• Career Outlook: +16% (2020-2030)

Family and marriage therapists work with couples and families with the goal of mediating and guiding the way that they engage with one another while providing coping strategies to improve family dynamics and to help those within these relationships deal with a wide range of issues, including behavioral problems, grief, domestic violence, marital conflicts, and substance abuse. 

Marriage and family therapists observe the interactions between the individuals in these groups and provide them with insights about troubling patterns, guidance on navigating crises, diagnosing mental health issues and disorders, and replacing disruptive or dysfunctional behaviors with alternatives that offer more positive engagement.

• Median Salary: $105,780
• Career Outlook: +8% (2020-2030)

The services of those holding doctoral degrees in psychology are increasingly in demand from a wide range of organizations and corporations seeking assistance with improving organizational behavior or providing coaching to managers and executives. These professionals apply their clinical skills in areas such as integrating systems theory or family therapy to companies hoping to address cultural issues or improve communication and cooperation within and between teams.

What is a PhD in Psychology?

A doctor of philosophy in psychology degree generally takes between 5-7 years to complete, and prepares you for a career in research and academia. The focus of a PhD in psychology program tends to be on statistics along with qualitative and quantitative research methods. The career goals of most students point towards teaching or scientific inquiry rather than private practice or direct engagement with patients.

Most PhD in psychology program require approximately a year-long internship and credit requirements that range between 60 and 125 credits. The programs require a significant level of concentration and are often so demanding that students need to dedicate themselves to the program on a full-time basis. The admission criteria into a PhD program tends to be more competitive than that of PsyD programs.

Once students in PhD in psychology programs successfully prepared and presented their dissertation, they have proven their command of the biological, intellectual and cognitive foundations of behavior, assessment, statistics and research techniques, research strategies, and more. They graduate prepared for careers in specialty areas including behavioral neuroscience, clinical psychology, human growth and development, with a particular emphasis on research and its application.

Who Should Get a PhD in Psychology?

In assessing whether you should pursue a PhD in psychology, you need to determine what type of career you hope to have and how you plan to apply your education. If your goal is to become a tenure-track professor at a research-oriented university or to dedicate yourself to academic research, then there is no doubt that a PhD is the right degree for you. The same is true if you hope to work in a business-oriented field such as market research or product development with an emphasis on consumer insights. 

The benefit of a PhD in psychology is its emphasis on research design and analytical skills, and that training can be applied to numerous fields that do not involve direct engagement with, assessment, diagnosis, or interventions with patients.

PhD in Psychology Careers and Salaries

Those who pursue a PhD in psychology tend to be less focused on the monetary benefits of their education than in the intellectual stimulation that they receive or the benefits that their education can provide to clients or to greater understanding of human behaviors gained through their efforts.

The career goals of those who opt for a PhD can include clinical roles, but more frequently veer towards professions that place them in a position of conducting research and applying their knowledge to educating students and providing insights that can be used by other fields. Possible careers for PhD graduates include:

• Median Salary: $82,180

The field of forensic psychology applies general principles of research in the field of clinical psychology to legal issues. This can include assessment, treatment, and evaluation of topics such as eyewitness identification, suggestibility, competence to testify, motivation and threat assessment. Forensic psychologists are often called on to provide custody evaluations, counseling services to crime victims, screening of law enforcement applicants and intervention and treatment for juvenile and adult offenders.

• Median Salary: $80,560
• Career Outlook: +12% (2020-2030)

Those who teach psychology are also frequently researchers who split their time between conducting scientific inquiry within an academic environment and teaching it to students at the undergraduate and graduate level. Professors with a PhD in Psychology gather, document and communicate psychological knowledge.

• Median Salary: $125,350
• Career Outlook: +9% (2020-2030)

The knowledge and training gained with a PhD in psychology is extremely valuable to numerous industries seeking greater understanding of human behavior, and this is particularly true of the world of politics. PhDs in psychology are well-positioned to guide candidates in the way that they present themselves to voters and to help legislators craft laws or discuss issues with their constituents, assessing what their priorities and perspectives are and how marketing efforts, speeches, votes and political positions could be received.

Best Psychology Schools

Choosing the right psychology program can be stressful, especially with so many options available. Using a  rigorous methodology , Universities.com considers these to be the 10 best psychology schools in the nation:

• Northwestern University
• Columbia University in the City of New York
• Lindsey Wilson College
• University of Pennsylvania
• Webster University
• Lamar University
• Liberty University
• Capella University
• Walden University
• University of Central Florida

To find more psychology schools, check out  our complete ranking of all psychology schools  in the nation.

If you’re looking for other schools that offer PdD programs on psychology, check out the Find Your Perfect “U” tool. You can search over 6,000 colleges and universities with 11 different filters to find the  perfect school for you !

PsyD Vs PhD At A Glance

Choosing between a PsyD and a PhD is a matter of personal choice, and your answer depends upon your personal goals. Though both doctor of psychology degrees provide you with the education, training and credentials to put you at the pinnacle of the field, there are important differences, including:

• A PsyD program better prepares you for a service-based psychology career geared towards counseling, while a PhD program better prepares you for a career geared towards discovery through research and academia.
• Acceptance into PsyD programs are generally less competitive than PhD programs.
• PsyD programs are better suited to online learning, while PhD programs favor in-person learning.
• PsyD program lengths generally take four-to-six years to complete, while PhD programs generally take five-to-eight years to complete.
• A PsyD curriculum is likely to include classes focused on assessment and intervention, while a PhD curriculum is likely to focus on statistics and analysis.

What to Look for In Psychology Doctoral Degree Programs

Doctoral degrees in psychology are offered in traditional, on-campus settings as well as online. Both options provide similarly high levels of education and the same curriculum requirements, often pairing students with an individual faculty advisor responsible for guiding their path to a doctoral degree.

There are many advantages to pursuing a degree online, including providing students the ability to choose a program based on its focus rather than on geographic proximity and allowing them to continue upholding family responsibilities. Despite this convenience, many students pursuing either a PsyD or a PhD choose an in-person program that allows them to fully immerse themselves in their studies.

As is the case with choosing between a PsyD or a PhD, there is no right or wrong choice. Students that choose online programs graduate with the same credentials as those who choose in-person programs, so each candidate should choose the option that best suits their personal needs.

Though requirements vary, most states require that psychologists counseling patients complete a doctoral degree in psychology and have a state-issued license. The requirements for these licenses generally include:

• Earning either a PsyD or a PhD from an institution of higher learning that has been accredited by the American Psychological Association
• Passing the  Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP )
• Fulfilling a minimum number of supervised clinical practice hours.

Many graduates  recommend  investigating the credentialing requirements of the states where they are interested in working to ensure that their doctoral degree properly prepares them and meets their standards.

The best way to ensure that the PsyD or PhD program you select prepares you for licensure is to select a program that has gone beyond the basic regional accreditation of institutions of higher learning and been recognized by the  American Psychological Association . This specialized accreditation is recognized by both the Council for Higher Education Accreditation and the U.S. Department of Education, and specifically addresses the high standards needed for professional education and training in psychology.

The APA currently  accredits  hundreds of programs throughout the nation, providing those interested in pursuing their doctoral degree an extensive range of offerings for their professional future.

Applying to Psychology Doctoral Programs

Choosing to pursue a doctoral degree in psychology represents a significant investment of time, money and effort with the anticipated outcome of becoming either a noted academician and scholar or an accomplished, difference-making professional. Entry to these programs is competitive, particularly for those seeking entry into one of the programs offering a PhD in psychology program, which generally only accept 10-15% of applicants.

The first step in the application process is similar to the one you likely pursued when applying to undergraduate programs: You need to identify the programs that best match your long-term goals and your personal needs, then address each of their application requirements by assembling needed materials including letters of recommendations and personal statements and ensuring that they are in each program’s possession well in advance of their deadlines.

Admission Requirements for PsyD and PhD Programs

Individuals choosing to pursue either a PsyD or a PhD come from a wide range of backgrounds and interests, and this is reflected in the fact that programs do not necessarily require that applicants possess an undergraduate degree in Psychology, though those who have not taken foundational courses likely need to investigate how they’ll need to supplement their education before proceeding with their doctoral degrees.

Acceptance into both PsyD and PhD programs generally requires:

• Transcripts from accredited baccalaureate program showing a minimum 3.0 GPA,  preferably in psychology
• Personal statement or statement of purpose
• Submission of scores on both the general GRE exam and the GRE subject exam in Psychology
• Three letters of recommendation
• Personal Interview (in person or by phone or video conference)
• A PsyD is a doctoral degree in psychology. It is an indication that an individual has attained the highest level of education available in the study of psychology, but they are not a medical doctor.
• PsyD and PhD are both terminal degrees in psychology that indicate having attained the highest level of education and expertise in the field. The determination of which is better depends upon the goals of the individual pursuing the degree.
• The PsyD degree provides education and training geared towards clinical practice and a professional career in treating patients, while a PhD education focuses more heavily on research and academic pursuits. The PhD generally takes longer to attain.
• In the majority of states, psychologists are not able to write prescriptions for medication. Illinois, Louisiana and New Mexico permit licensed psychologists to qualify for prescribing authority after taking additional courses in psychopharmacology.

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PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology: Which Is Right for Me?

Written by: psych degree starter editorial team   •  jun 7, 2024.

Choosing the right doctoral degree in psychology is a significant decision that can shape your career path and professional opportunities. With options like the Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) and the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Psychology, it’s essential to understand the differences and similarities between these degrees to make an informed choice. 

Both degrees offer unique benefits and cater to different career aspirations. Whether you are drawn to clinical practice or academic research, it’s important to consider your professional goals when comparing a PsyD versus a PhD in Psychology.

PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology: Definitions

Understanding the fundamental differences between a PsyD and a PhD in Psychology is crucial for prospective students. Each degree has distinct goals, educational structures, and career outcomes.

What Is a Doctor of Psychology?

The Doctor of Psychology is a professional doctorate designed to prepare graduates for clinical practice. Introduced in the 1970s, the PsyD was created to address the need for more practitioners in the field of psychology.

Focus: The PsyD program emphasizes clinical skills and practical experience over research. Students are trained to work directly with clients in various therapeutic settings.

Curriculum: The curriculum includes extensive coursework in psychological theories, assessment techniques, and therapeutic interventions. It also involves a significant amount of supervised clinical practice.

Duration: A typical PsyD program takes four to six years to complete, including a full year of internship.

Career Paths: PsyD graduates often pursue careers as clinical psychologists, therapists, or counselors, working in settings such as private practices, hospitals, and mental health clinics.

What Is a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Psychology?

The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Psychology is a research-oriented degree aimed at advancing the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The PhD is one of the oldest and most recognized doctoral degrees in psychology.

Focus: The PhD program is centered on research, data analysis, and theoretical exploration. Students are trained to conduct original research and contribute to the academic body of knowledge in psychology.

Curriculum: The curriculum includes rigorous coursework in research methods, statistics, and experimental design, along with specialized courses in various psychology subfields. A substantial portion of the program is dedicated to conducting research and writing a dissertation.

Duration: PhD programs typically take five to seven years to complete, depending on the nature of the research and dissertation work.

Career Paths: PhD graduates often pursue careers in academia, research institutions, or applied psychology settings. They may work as university professors, researchers, or clinical psychologists, among other roles.

In summary, while both the PsyD and PhD in Psychology are doctoral-level degrees that lead to careers in the field of psychology, their primary focus areas and career outcomes differ significantly. Understanding these differences can help you determine which path aligns best with your professional goals and interests.

Comparing PsyD and PhD in Psychology

To make an informed decision between a PsyD and a PhD in Psychology, it is important to compare their key similarities and differences. This comparison highlights the distinct educational paths and career opportunities each degree offers.

Key Similarities

While the PsyD and PhD are distinct degrees, they share several commonalities:

Doctoral Level: Both the PsyD and PhD are doctoral-level degrees, requiring advanced coursework and extensive training.

Licensure: Graduates of both programs are eligible to become licensed psychologists, provided they meet state-specific licensure requirements.

Foundational Coursework: Both degrees require coursework in core areas of psychology, including human development, psychopathology, and ethics.

Clinical Training: Students in both programs undergo supervised clinical training, although the extent and focus may differ.

Key Differences

The PsyD and PhD programs diverge significantly in several key areas:

Focus: The PsyD focuses on clinical practice and direct patient care, whereas the PhD emphasizes research and academic scholarship.

Duration: PsyD programs generally take four to six years to complete, while PhD programs often require five to seven years.

Dissertation Requirement: PhD students must complete a research-based dissertation, whereas PsyD students may have alternative capstone projects or dissertations with a clinical focus.

Career Paths: PsyD graduates typically work in clinical settings, while PhD graduates often pursue careers in academia, research, or applied psychology.

PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology: Education Structure and Curriculum

The structure and curriculum of PsyD and PhD programs are designed to align with their respective focuses on clinical practice and research. Understanding these structures can help prospective students choose the program that best suits their career goals.

PsyD Structure and Curriculum

The PsyD program is structured to provide comprehensive clinical training and practical experience:

Coursework: Students take courses in psychological assessment, intervention techniques, and evidence-based practices.

Practicum: Extensive supervised practicum experiences are integral to the PsyD curriculum, allowing students to apply theoretical knowledge in real-world settings.

Internship: A full-year internship is typically required, offering hands-on clinical experience.

Capstone Project: Some programs may require a clinical dissertation or a capstone project focused on practical applications of psychology.

PhD Structure and Curriculum

The PhD program emphasizes research skills and academic scholarship:

Coursework: Students engage in advanced coursework in research methods, statistics, and experimental psychology.

Research: PhD students are expected to conduct original research, often leading to publications in academic journals.

Teaching: Many PhD programs include teaching assistantships, providing experience in instructing undergraduate courses.

Dissertation: A significant portion of the program is dedicated to the dissertation, a substantial research project that contributes new knowledge to the field of psychology.

PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology: Accreditation

Accreditation ensures that educational programs meet established standards of quality and rigor. It is a crucial factor for students to consider when choosing between PsyD and PhD programs.

PsyD Accreditation

Accreditation for PsyD programs ensures that they meet professional standards for clinical training:

APA Accreditation: The American Psychological Association (APA) is the primary accrediting body for PsyD programs. 

Program Standards: Accredited programs must demonstrate that they provide comprehensive training in clinical skills, ethical practice, and professional development.

Importance of Accreditation: Attending an accredited program is critical for eligibility for licensure and ensures that the education received meets professional standards.

PhD Accreditation

Accreditation for PhD programs focuses on the quality of research training and academic rigor:

APA Accreditation: The APA also accredits PhD programs in clinical psychology, ensuring they meet high standards of training and education. Attending an APA-accredited PsyD or PhD program is essential for licensure in many states.

PCSAS Accreditation: The Psychological Clinical Science Accreditation System (PCSAS) accredits PhD programs with a strong emphasis on clinical science and research.

Benefits of Accreditation: Accredited PhD programs are recognized for their commitment to excellence in research and education, which is important for career advancement and licensure.

Choosing an accredited program, whether pursuing a PsyD or PhD, is essential for ensuring a high-quality education that meets professional standards and supports future career success.

Career Options for PsyD and PhD Graduates

Both PsyD and PhD graduates have a wide range of career options available to them. However, the specific paths often differ based on the focus and training of each degree.

PsyD Careers

Graduates with a PsyD degree are well-prepared for careers in clinical practice. They often work directly with clients in various therapeutic settings.

Clinical Psychologist: PsyD holders frequently work as clinical psychologists, providing assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of mental health issues.

Private Practice: Many PsyD graduates establish private practices, offering therapy and counseling services to individuals, couples, and families.

Hospitals and Clinics: PsyD professionals are employed in hospitals, mental health clinics, and rehabilitation centers, where they collaborate with other healthcare providers.

Community Mental Health: PsyD graduates may work in community mental health centers, providing services to underserved populations.

PhD Careers

PhD graduates often pursue careers in academia, research, and applied psychology settings.

Academic Positions: Many PhD holders become university professors, conducting research and teaching undergraduate and graduate courses.

Research Institutions : PhD graduates may work in research institutions, leading studies on various aspects of psychology and contributing to scientific knowledge.

Clinical Practice: Some PhD graduates also work as clinical psychologists, particularly those who specialize in clinical psychology during their training.

Consulting: PhD holders may work as consultants, applying their expertise to solve problems in organizational, forensic, or health psychology.

PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology: Salary and Job Outlook

Understanding the salary potential and job outlook for PsyD and PhD graduates is essential for making an informed decision about which degree to pursue.

PsyD Salary

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) , the median annual salary for all psychologists, including clinical, counseling, and school psychologists, was $92,740 as of May 2023. However, salaries can vary widely based on geographic location, experience, and industry.

Private Practice: Clinical and counseling psychologists earned a median salary of $96,100 in 2023, according to the BLS. 

Geographic Variations: Salaries can differ significantly by location. For example, clinical and counseling psychologists in California and New Jersey earned higher salaries than those in other states in 2023.

PhD holders in psychology can expect a range of salaries depending on their specific career path and industry.

Academic Positions: According to the BLS, the median salary for postsecondary psychology teachers was approximately $82,140 per year in 2023.

Clinical Practice: PhD graduates working in clinical settings can expect salaries similar to those of PsyD graduates.

PsyD Job Outlook

The job outlook for PsyD graduates is promising, with growing demand for clinical practitioners:

Growth Rate: The BLS projects an 11% growth rate for clinical and counseling psychologists from 2022 to 2032, which is faster than the average for all occupations.

Demand for Services: Increasing awareness of mental health issues and the need for psychological services in schools, hospitals, and mental health centers contribute to the demand for clinical psychologists.

PhD Job Outlook

PhD graduates also have a favorable job outlook, particularly in academic and research settings:

Academic Opportunities: The demand for postsecondary psychology teachers is expected to grow 5% between 2022 and 2032, faster than the average for all occupations.

Research Roles: Opportunities in research are robust, with continued funding for psychological studies and applied research in various industries.

Specialized Fields: PhD holders in specialized areas of psychology, such as neuropsychology or industrial-organizational psychology, may see higher demand and job growth.

According to the BLS, the overall employment of psychologists is projected to grow 6% from 2022 to 2032, driven by the need for psychological services in schools, hospitals, and mental health centers, as well as in businesses and research organizations.

Choosing between a PsyD and a PhD involves considering both the potential salary and job outlook, ensuring that the chosen path aligns with personal and professional goals.

Tips for Choosing Between a PsyD and PhD

Selecting the right doctoral program in psychology depends on several factors, including career goals, personal interests, and professional aspirations. Here are some tips to help you decide between a PsyD and a PhD.

Assess Your Career Goals

Clinical Practice: If your primary interest lies in providing therapy and working directly with clients, a PsyD might be the better choice. This degree is tailored for those who want to engage in hands-on clinical work.

Research and Academia: If you are passionate about conducting research, teaching at a university level, or contributing to academic knowledge, a PhD may be more suitable. The PhD program focuses heavily on research methodologies and academic scholarship.

Evaluate Program Structure and Curriculum

PsyD Programs: These programs often have a more structured and practice-oriented curriculum. Consider the extensive clinical training and practicum experiences that are integral to PsyD programs.

PhD Programs: These programs emphasize research and typically offer more flexibility in terms of research opportunities and specialization areas. Reflect on whether you prefer a curriculum that includes a significant research component.

Consider Financial and Time Commitments

Program Duration: PsyD programs generally take four to six years to complete, while PhD programs can take five to seven years. Think about how much time you are willing to invest in your education.

Financial Costs: Both programs can be costly, but PhD programs often provide opportunities for funding through research assistantships and teaching assistantships. Evaluate your financial situation and funding opportunities for each type of program.

Research Accreditation and Program Reputation

Accreditation: Ensure that the programs you are considering are accredited by recognized bodies such as the APA for PsyD and PhD programs or the PCSAS for PhD programs.

Reputation: Research the reputation of the programs and institutions. Look into faculty expertise, research facilities, and clinical training opportunities.

Utilizing available resources can help you make an informed decision about pursuing a PsyD or PhD in Psychology. Here are some recommended resources:

American Psychological Association (APA): The APA provides valuable information on accredited PsyD and PhD programs, licensure requirements, and career resources for psychologists. Visit the APA or APA Accreditation website.

Psychological Clinical Science Accreditation System (PCSAS): PCSAS accredits PhD programs with a strong emphasis on clinical science and research. Learn more on the PCSAS website.

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS): The BLS offers comprehensive data on job outlook, salaries, and employment trends for psychologists. Explore these resources on the BLS website.

Payscale: Payscale provides salary information for various psychology-related careers, helping you understand potential earnings. Visit the Payscale site for more information.

University Websites: Many universities provide detailed information about their PsyD and PhD programs, including admission requirements, curriculum details, and faculty profiles. Check out the psychology department pages of universities you are interested in.

Explore Your Career Options With a PsyD or a PhD in Psychology

Choosing between a PsyD and a PhD in Psychology is a critical decision that can shape your professional future. Both degrees offer unique advantages and cater to different career paths. The PsyD is ideal for those passionate about clinical practice and direct patient care, while the PhD is suited for individuals interested in research and academia. 

By carefully evaluating your career goals, program structure, financial and time commitments, and accreditation, you can make an informed choice that aligns with your aspirations. You can benefit from utilizing the resources available to you, and taking the time to research and reflect on what will best support your long-term professional and personal goals in the field of psychology.

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LCSW vs. Psychologist: Differences and Similarities

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PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology: What’s the Difference?

A PsyD (Doctor of Psychology) degree and a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in psychology both offer advanced education and training to develop expertise in psychology. While both degrees prepare you for careers in the field of psychology, deciding which degree is right for you can depend on your career interests. So, PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology: What’s the Difference?

One important factor to consider is whether the doctoral program you are interested in is clinical or non-clinical. A PsyD program focuses on clinical training, while a PhD in psychology is more oriented towards scientific research. It is essential to evaluate your goals for obtaining a graduate degree and choose the program that best aligns with those goals.

Although many PsyD-holders work in research or teaching roles, and many non-clinical PhD-holders work in helping professions, if your objective is to obtain licensure for clinical practice, pursuing a PsyD may be the appropriate choice. Conversely, if you have no interest in clinical practice and prefer a career in other areas, a non-clinical PhD might be a better fit.

What Is a PhD in Psychology?

A non-clinical PhD program in psychology generally focuses on the knowledge of psychology without the focus of specifically working with clients. Usually, PhD programs focus on information rather than practice – how the mind works, how humans develop throughout their lives, or even how changing conditions (in the environment, in a community, or in a family) can impact different populations.

Non-clinical programs also focus on research skills – how to conduct research that contributes to the body of knowledge about psychology. Ultimately, pursuing a PhD in Psychology prepares students for a wide range of career opportunities in the field of psychology, whether in research, consulting, or teaching.

What Is a PsyD?

A PsyD is a doctoral degree in psychology that prepares students for careers as clinical psychologists. It is an applied clinical doctorate degree that is one of the highest-level degrees available in the field of psychology. The degree is a terminal degree, similar to the PhD and EdD, and in many states, the PsyD leads to licensure as long as you also meet the other requirements established by the state’s licensing board. NU’s Doctor in Psychology (PsyD) in Clinical Psychology (California) Program has been awarded a 10-year accreditation by the  American Psychological Association (APA) .

What’s the Difference Between PsyD and PhD in Psychology?

The key difference between a PsyD and a PhD in psychology lies in the primary focus and training emphasis of each degree. PsyD programs concentrate on clinical work and practical application, preparing students for licensure eligibility and careers as practicing psychologists. In contrast, PhD programs in psychology, particularly those following the scientist-practitioner model, place a greater emphasis on research training and may lead to careers in academia, research, or non-clinical settings.

Feel free to reach out to professors, professionals in the field you are interested in, as well as organizations of interest to determine if your career goals will require licensure. You will need to do some soul-searching and some research, but these efforts will help you choose the best path toward realizing your goals. Contact state and national psychological organizations to request information about licensing requirements. You can also call your state licensing board and speak with an advisor about what jobs and positions require licensure. You can even browse through local job listings to see what the employer’s requirements are.

Courses/Training

PsyD programs typically provide a comprehensive curriculum encompassing clinical theory and application, core psychological principles, research methodologies, and psychological evaluation and assessment. The training component is structured to facilitate practical exposure throughout the program duration, comprising ethnographic learning in the initial stage, followed by multiple practicum placements, an Externship in the penultimate year, and a predoctoral Internship in the final year.

PhD programs typically emphasize scholarly writing and foundational psychological knowledge, coupled with basic to advanced research methods and study planning, as well as psychological tests and measurements. Students have the flexibility to pursue a general PhD program or opt for a specialization in fields such as Gerontology, Health Psychology, Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Gender and Sexuality Psychology, Social Policy and Behavioral Health Administration, Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders, or Trauma and Disaster Relief. For those pursuing a specialization, the curriculum includes additional courses pertinent to the selected field.

Licensing/Certification

The PhD in psychology program does not lead to certification or licensure. Graduates of the PsyD program who have completed a year-long postdoctoral residency can take the licensing exam in professional psychology, known as the EPPP. Passing this exam enables the individual to apply for licensure in any state, although some additional state requirements may vary. More information about the EPPP may be found on the Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards (SPPB) website.

How to Choose Between PhD and PsyD

If your goal is to work in a job or career where state licensure to practice psychology is required, a PsyD or clinical PhD program is your best option. However, there are many positions where you might work directly with people or within the mental health field that do not require state licensure. As part of choosing the correct program, consider your goals and the career path you want to pursue.

If you want a job that requires licensure, choose a PsyD. If you are interested in jobs that don’t involve working as a clinician, consider if a PhD might be the right path. It’s also important to consider issues such as class size, graduation rates, doctoral projects, and financial assistance/scholarships available.

Career Options for PhD and PsyD

Here, we delve into the wide range of professional opportunities for those with advanced psychology degrees. Discover the multitude of rewarding careers across academia, research, clinical practice, and more.

Clinical Career Options

Most PsyD graduates work in a variety of clinical roles: psychotherapy (individual, family, and group); assessor, administering and interpreting psychological test data; Neuropsychology; consultation; and forensic work. Increasingly, clinical psychologists collaborate in teams with other healthcare providers, such as social workers, physicians, nurses, and counselors.

According to APA’s Center for Workforce Analysis , 74% of clinical psychologists report that they work collaboratively with other healthcare providers. As a result, the PsyD is a versatile degree, enabling one to potentially work in business, education, healthcare, and research, in addition to the traditional practice settings of psychotherapy and assessment.

In a recent survey, there were approximately 106,000 licensed psychologists in the US, 87% of whom were employed 5 years post-graduation (APA, 2019), earning a median annual salary of $90,000. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, demand for licensed psychologists is set to grow by over 12% in the next 10 years. They predict further that clinical career opportunities in Neuropsychology, Geropsychology, and Forensic psychology are expected to show even stronger growth.

Non-clinical Career Options

If you need to complete a clinical program such as a PsyD to become a clinician, what can you do as a non-clinical PhD in psychology? Individuals with a PhD in Psychology work in a wide variety of career fields. Recent research suggests 50% of those with a psychology PhD reported working as counselors, top-level managers and administrators, training and labor relations specialists, and managers in the medical and health services fields ( Pappas & Samm, 2021 ). The National Science Foundation (2021) reported that over the past ten years, those with a doctorate in psychology entering business or industry has increased by 10%.

Psychology Professor (non-clinical)

A psychology professor is an expert in their field of psychological study (non-clinical) who instructs students at a bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral level and conducts psychological research. They often work at a college or university where they specialize in a particular area of psychology, including organizational/industrial, developmental, forensic, health, or neuropsychology. As of May 2022, the BLS reported the median average salary for a psychology professor is $78,810.

Research psychologists investigate different topics, carry out experiments, and contribute to the advancement of our scientific understanding. They are predominantly employed in psychology departments, medical schools, and business schools within higher education institutions. However, researchers also hold positions in government, non-profit organizations, and the private sector. As of May 2021, the BLS reported the median average salary for a research psychologist is $81,040.

Organizational Psychologist

Industrial-organizational psychologists concentrate on studying the actions of workers within their work environment. By utilizing research methods and psychological principles, they aim to enhance various aspects of the work environment, such as performance, communication, job satisfaction, and safety. I/O psychologists are employed in diverse work settings, such as organizational development, talent management, or people analytics. As of May 2022, the BLS reports the median average salary for an Industrial-organizational psychologist is $139,280.

Forensic Psychologist

Forensic psychologists specialize in the application of scientific psychological principles to legal matters at all levels of the justice system. Non-clinical forensic psychologists don’t provide evaluation or treatment services but instead engage in research, consultation, and non-clinical service delivery pertaining to psychology and the law. Consultation involves providing expert psychological knowledge within the legal and judicial systems, while research may focus on areas such as memory, perception, child development, and decision-making as they relate to eyewitnesses, juvenile offenders, or police training and procedures.

They may also be employed by mental health, substance abuse, and intellectual or developmental disability facilities or in policing. The overall objective of forensic psychology is to support law enforcement officers, attorneys, and judges in implementing evidence-based policies that promote fairness and accuracy in the justice system. As of July 2022, data from Indeed reported the median average salary for a forensic psychologist is $94,045.

Sports Psychologist

Sports psychologists specialize in both the psychological and physical aspects that impact an individual’s motivation and performance in competitive sports and athletic activities. Although they are not clinical psychologists and do not conduct psychological counseling or assessments, they can become a Certified Mental Performance Consultant (CMP) and offer support to clients in developing and utilizing cognitive, life, or self-regulation skills to improve their performance, personal growth, and enjoyment in sports or other areas such as the military or performing arts.

These professionals may work in various settings, including private practice, health clinics, academic institutions, government agencies, or with professional or collegiate sports teams. As of July 2022, data from Indeed reported the median average salary for a sports psychologist is $54,000.

Developmental Psychologist

Developmental psychologists explore the process of growth and adaptation across different life stages. They engage in research that is intended to assist of people of all ages to achieve their full potential and support their growth, and collaborate with people of all ages to comprehend and promote their development. Developmental psychologists operate in a range of contexts, including academic institutions, government agencies, healthcare facilities, and schools.

Those employed in colleges and universities usually concentrate on research or teaching, while those employed in applied settings, such as healthcare facilities or clinics, help evaluate, assess, and treat individuals who have developmental disabilities. Developmental psychologists might also work in nursing homes, hospitals, mental health clinics, or centers for the homeless. As of May 2023, the BLS reported the average salary for a developmental psychologist is $74,509

Health Psychologist

Health psychologists investigate how patients manage illness, reasons people may fail to follow medical advice, and effective approaches to alleviate pain or modify unhealthy behaviors. They also create healthcare programs aimed at enhancing emotional and physical wellness.

A health psychologist who does not work in a clinical setting typically collaborates with clinical psychologists or physicians in areas such as weight management, pain management, aiding individuals in coping with genetic diseases, preventing patient re-hospitalization, and designing walkable communities that encourage physical activity. As of May 2023, according to data provided by ZipRecruiter , the average salary for a health psychologist is $91,884.

Neuropsychologist

Non-clinical neuropsychologists research cognitive impairment and its effects on behavior, emotions, and cognitive abilities. They may also investigate various therapeutic and alternative methods for diagnosing and treating neurological disorders. While non-clinical neuropsychologists do not provide medical treatment, they do work with other healthcare professionals to help them understand the causes of neurological disorders, the impact these disorders can have on daily life, and to provide training to professionals such as clinical psychologists and psychotherapists on how to manage cognitive disorders and diseases. As of July 2022, data from Indeed reported the median average salary for neuropsychologists is $162,400.

Earn Your PsyD or PhD from National University

The PsyD program operates on a traditional academic quarter system, and all classes are held in person at the JFK SOPSS campus in Pleasant Hill, CA. Students must reside in Northern California, as this program is normally delivered in person, on-site, at the Pleasant Hill campus. A small number of scholarships are available through the Dean’s office at the JFK School of Psychology and Social Sciences. 94% of our students graduate from the program. For further information about the program’s accreditation status, please contact Dr. Doug Haldeman, Program Director ( [email protected] ).

The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Psychology

The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Psychology program at National University offers students the opportunity to complete their studies on their own time, with a new start date every Monday. The program is 100% online and can be completed in 46 months, with 20 courses, and is taught in the 1;1 teaching model.

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PsyD vs PhD: Which Degree is Best for Your Career Goals?

From therapy to research to facility management, a lot is covered by the PsyD and PhD degrees in clinical psychology. But which is right for you?

Explore application requirements for Pacific's PsyD and PhD programs in clinical psychology and get your materials ready for the opening of the admissions window this fall. 

The Doctor of Psychology degree — sometimes called a doctorate in clinical psychology — is an entry point to a wide array of careers geared toward helping people through teaching, research, and clinical practice.

Split into two distinct doctoral degrees — the treatment-focused PsyD and the research-focused PhD — graduates with a doctor of psychology degree enter the workforce with an expertise in the study of human behavior.

They may sound similar, but the PsyD and PhD degrees are very different clinical psychology pathways.

While both programs enable graduates to treat people directly, their inherent specializations make them quite unique.

So which is right for you? Here's your guide to choosing between the two.

PSYD REQUIREMENTS

PHD REQUIREMENTS

PsyD vs PhD: What’s the Difference?

Since both the PsyD and PhD enable graduates to help people in a clinical treatment setting, it can be confusing to distinguish between the two degrees.

What is a PsyD in clinical psychology? For students who want to work directly with those experiencing mental health disorders, a PsyD degree is ideal.

Generally divided into several different specialties — the most common being child , adult , and neuropsychology — PsyD graduates enter the workforce able to diagnose and treat complex neurological conditions.

Across the country, and in Oregon specifically, there is a shortage of qualified mental healthcare providers, as well as a lack of diversity in the profession. To help address this gap, Pacific University has received a $1.8 million grant from the Oregon Health Authority to help increase capacity and diversity in the state’s mental health workforce. The two-year grant, which provides tuition assistance and stipends to Pacific PsyD and MSW students, is part of $80 million allocated to the OHA by the Oregon legislature as part of the Behavioral Health Workforce Initiative .

Pacific also features a unique path that specifically examines Latinx psychology , one of only a handful nationally.

What is a PhD in clinical psychology? The PhD is designed for students who want to improve the lives of others through scientific innovation.

A PhD in clinical psychology is perfect for those who want to study and examine topics in neuroscience such as mindfulness , addiction , and emotion management using scientific research and testing.    

Is an MA in psychology enough to do what I want?

Generally speaking, the Master’s in Applied Clinical Psychology is NOT seen as the terminal degree for those wanting to study and treat human behavior. 

While an MA in psychology can prepare graduates for careers in social work, counseling, or research, the PsyD or PhD programs are recommended for those who want to study and treat more complex neurological disorders and mental health issues. 

Are Clinical Psychologists Medical Doctors?

Neither PsyD or PhD graduates can practice medicine, as neither degree necessitates attending medical school or completing a medical residency.

Those wishing to become medical doctors with a focus on mental health should instead pursue the much longer doctoral path that results in a career in psychiatry.

How Long is Clinical Psychology School?

Both the PsyD and PhD programs take five years to complete, though students with certain advanced degrees — such an MA or MS in psychology — can finish in four.

Many programs will run year-round, meaning classes in the summer in addition to the normal course load.

Both programs are split between four years of coursework, research, and job training as well as a final entire year spent off campus in a doctoral internship . 

The PsyD and PhD programs in clinical psychology place a heavy emphasis on replicating real-world experiences that prepare students for careers after graduation.

Where can Clinical Psychologists Work?

The unique set of skills taught in PsyD and PhD programs means that graduates can begin a wide range of careers at a high rate of pay.

PsyD recipients can work in:

Recovery centers. Substance abuse and other destructive behaviors are often treated with either group or individualized therapy from trained clinical psychologists.

Mental health facilities. Talk therapy is an essential part of living with mental illness, and PsyD graduates find rewarding work in these settings helping people lead more fulfilling lives. 

Private practice. Focusing on one-on-one, couples, and family counseling, private practice is a good choice for those who want an intimate connection with the people they treat.

Pacific’s Healthcare Management MBA can prepare prospective private clinicians for running their own business. 

Schools. For those with an emphasis on child psychology and development, working in an educational setting is a good way to greatly impact the lives of young people through individual attention. 

PhD graduates can work in:

Research universities. Either as instructors, researchers, or postdoctoral fellows, a great deal of the research done in this country comes at the university level from PhD graduates in clinical psychology.

Private business. Due to the broad nature of human behavior and psychology, many corporations employ psychologists to help analyze and improve the lives of its consumers and employees .

Government. Whether working for the military, organizations overseeing public health, or in a federal health facility, governmental jobs offer a high degree of flexibility in how you use your degree.

Criminal Justice. PhD graduates are vital in the fields of forensic psychology and criminal profiling. 

How much does a Clinical Psychologist Make?

Although there are different job outcomes for PsyD vs PhD, the salary for a clinical psychologist does not vary significantly by degree.

Connect with an expert PsyD or PhD admissions counselor today and start your journey towards a career in clinical psychology. 

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Graduate School in Psychology: PsyD or Psy Phd, Which Is Right for You?

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Occupational Outlook Handbook states, “Overall employment of psychologists is projected to grow 6 percent from 2021 to 2031, about as fast as the average for all occupations,” though the anticipated bump for specialists in clinical and counseling psychology is slightly higher, at a projected 10%.

The publication continues, “About 14,100 openings for psychologists are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.” 

Are you considering graduate school in psychology?  

There are master of science degree programs in clinical counseling that provide the education and pathway to become a licensed professional counselor (LPC) or a licensed social worker (LSW), both of which are essentially secure careers as mental health counselor professionals. An LPC must work under the supervision of an LPCC (licensed professional clinical counselor), whereas an LSW must work under the supervision of an LISW (licensed independent social worker). Both the LPC and the LSW have career paths that require a master’s degree from an accredited university, a minimum of 3,000 hours of clinical work supervised by an independent practitioner, and certification with an advanced licensing exam. Once an LPC or LSW has met the criteria to advance in their field and practice without mandatory supervision, they may become an LPCC or LISW counselor and are able to diagnose and treat mental health issues, though they are not able to prescribe medications.

According to a May 2020 Psychology Today article called “Careers in Psychology 2020,” “Master’s-level programs overlap more with undergraduate education. People may pursue a master’s education as an end in itself, to deepen and broaden their knowledge in a certain area.” Some mental health caseworkers pursue a graduate degree through a work incentive to achieve licensing; others do so because they’re ladder climbers and can find themselves – upon completing an accredited master’s program in psychology – eager to keep climbing after encountering the work of a clinical psychologist or clinical psychology researcher. 

Do you want a medical degree (MD, DO) or a doctorate or PhD in psychology?

Some people come to clinical psychology after weighing the options: psychiatry versus a doctorate in clinical psychology versus a PhD in clinical psychology.  

A psychiatrist is a medical doctor (MD or DO) who completes medical school and pursues a specialization in psychiatry. Following medical school, they complete a residency in psychiatry, which involves specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of mental health disorders. Psychiatrists often work in clinical settings, hospitals, and private practices. Psychiatrists are qualified to provide talk therapy, but they more commonly focus on medical management of mental health conditions. They can prescribe medication to address psychiatric disorders and might use a combination of therapy and medication for treatment. Their approach to assessment might lean more toward medical and biological factors when determining whether medication is appropriate. Patient care is often managed in tandem with a clinical counselor or therapist who provides therapy and counseling services.

Psychology doctoral programs demand a different level of motivation and commitment than master’s degree programs, and they require one to be quite clear about one’s life and career goals. A PhD in psychology (Psy PhD), a doctorate degree in psychology (PsyD), and a doctorate in education (EdD) in psychology are all pathways to professional counseling careers, though not with the same career goals. 

Generally, the application and graduation requirements for EdD and PsyD programs can be less rigorous than those for PhD programs. However, any doctoral-level grad school degree is highly competitive and a means to a rewarding and reputable career.

The EdD appeals to teachers and administrators who will continue to work in higher education and schools. According to Psychology.org , “The Ed.D. remains a popular option for professional educators like teachers, administrators, and counselors wanting to gain more expertise, qualify for an additional license, or move into a leadership position.” The site notes that school psychologists who hope to enter independent clinical practice would benefit more from completing a PsyD. 

Choosing between a Psy PhD and a PsyD program depends on one’s career goals, interests, and preferences. Both programs lead to a doctoral degree in psychology, but they have different emphases and outcomes. 

If your primary goal is to work as a clinical psychologist providing therapy and counseling, a PsyD program aligns better with your career aspirations. Licensed clinical psychologists work in clinical settings such as hospitals, clinics, and private practice. They primarily use talk therapy and counseling techniques to help individuals address emotional, psychological, and behavioral issues using various therapeutic modalities, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoanalysis, and humanistic therapy, to help clients understand and manage their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Clinical psychologists are trained in conducting psychological assessments and diagnostic testing to evaluate a person’s mental health and cognitive functioning.

PsyD programs typically take four to six years to complete. They can involve fewer research requirements than PhD programs, and although some PsyD programs do include research activity, the focus is primarily on developing clinical skills and practical experience. 

If you are more interested in conducting research , teaching, and potentially pursing an academic career, a PhD program is a better fit. PhD programs in psychology emphasize research and academic scholarship. Students are trained to conduct original research, contribute to the field’s knowledge base, and publish scientific papers. PhD graduates pursue academic careers as professors, researchers, and scholars. They might teach at universities, conduct research, and mentor students. Some work at research institutions, government agencies, and private organizations.

PhD programs are typically longer than PsyD programs, taking five to seven years to complete. They require comprehensive exams and a dissertation on original research.

Either way, know the specific focus of the schools and programs you’re interested in attending. Look for accredited schools with certifications in subspecialities conferred by professional associations, including the American Board of Professional Psychology and the American Psychological Association.

Know the clinical counseling focus and philosophy of a PsyD program and the career aims of those orientations. Some schools have a wide reach in that their curriculum and research cover many tracks, from neuropsychology to multiculturalism, whereas other schools’ research interests are narrow. 

Take Rutgers University’s PsyD program, for instance. The program focuses primarily on two tracks, clinical counseling and school psychology. As a result, the research focus is on these areas of specialization, offering research exposure and experience in applied behavioral analysis, autism spectrum disorders, and addiction.

The University of Hartford, on the other hand, is a general program serving students who want a population focus in child and adolescent development and psychology broadly. 

Aim to find a school that presents a program, curriculum, service learning, and faculty that are committed to your field of interest. Additionally, for Psy PhD programs, know the research focus and philosophy goals of the professors and their laboratories. PhD research in clinical psychology often falls into the following categories: clinical, counseling, school, cognitive, social, industrial organizational, marriage and the family, behavioral neuroscience psychology, and forensic.

For PsyD programs, know their curriculum orientation within the scope of employment you’ll be seeking, because they often differentiate between adult clinical, child clinical, and health tracks. Many schools have subspecialities and corollary tracks.

Whether the EdD, PsyD, or Psy PhD degree is for you, always seek out an accredited program . Do your school research, looking at specializations, the scope of the educational experience, the orientation to the field and subfields, the expertise of the faculty, graduation rates, and work placement success – and start that application early.

Dr. Mary Mahoney, PhD, is the medical humanities director at Elmira College and has more than 20 years of experience as an advisor and essay reviewer for med school applicants. She is a tenured English professor with an MFA in creative writing from Sarah Lawrence College and a PhD in literature and writing from the University of Houston. For the past 20 years, Mary has served as a grad school advisor and essay reviewer for med school applicants.  Want Mary to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch!

Related Resources:

• Acing the PsyD Interview: The 3-P Plan
• Insider Tips on Applying to PsyD Programs
• The “Sizzle Factor”: 5 Tips for Writing PsyD Personal Statements

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Masters vs. PsyD vs. PhD in Clinical or Counseling Psychology

General resources:.

• The Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies has a video that explains the differences between a PhD vs PsyD.
• We recommend reading Chapter 2 “Choosing the PhD or PsyD program” in the Insider’s Guide to Graduate Programs in Clinical and Counseling Psychology . This book, written by Michael A. Sayette (a faculty member at Pitt!), and John C. Norcross (University of Scranton) provides much more details than we can go into here. You can buy this book online, and there is also a copy in Pitt’s Psych Dept. advising office, and if you aren’t a student at Pitt, your advising office may have a copy as well. 
• We also recommend watching the videos about psychology careers on drkit.org that explain many different psychology careers. 
• In this video Dr. Julie Quimby explains the differences between PsyD vs. PhDs. 
• Psychologist vs. Therapist: What's the Difference?

Emphasis on Research

PhD programs tend to be fairly focused on research, whereas PsyD programs tend to be less focused on research and more centered on direct clinical service provision. (Masters level programs tend to involve no or minimal research.) However, there is variation and you should look at each program individually to see where it falls on the research spectrum - the book mentioned in the prior paragraph can help.

One exception is that a minority of accredited Psychology PhD programs offer a focus on qualitative rather than quantitative research, and may emphasize clinical skill development and intellectual scholarship grounded in psychological and philosophical literature over the production of original quantitative studies. Graduates of these programs who choose to stay in academia will be good fits for other programs that share a similar emphasis on humanistic psychology. You can learn more about humanistic psychology from APA’s division 32 , and you can learn more about psychoanalysis from APA’s division 39 . You can also learn where a PhD program falls in terms of their focus on research versus practice from the program’s online description.   Programs that are heavily research-focused may describe themselves as “clinical science” programs, whereas those that balance research and practice training may describe themselves as espousing a “scientist-practitioner” model of training.   On the practice end of the continuum, APA-accredited PsyD programs will often refer to themselves as espousing a “practitioner scholar” model of training, which will include some research training and independent dissertation research (often in the qualitative domain) along with a heavy focus on practice.

Our overall advice is that it is very helpful to try to clarify your level of interest in research before applying to and committing to a PhD program. Doing research as an undergrad, and potentially for a few years after college, will help with this. Surely there are many people who get a PhD in clinical psychology who eventually realize that they don’t want to go into a career in research. There are also some people who aren’t sure about how much they like research and find out in a PhD program that they like it more than they expected. However, it is helpful to try to learn about your level of interest in research before making a major life commitment to a graduate program.

If you know you are not interested in research, you should seriously consider whether a PhD program is right for you for the following reasons:

• In the application process most schools will be screening applicants for their promise in doing research. So it will be hard to feign interest.
• During graduate school the majority of your training will be to do research. If you do not like research, a doctoral degree is a long-term commitment to a challenging program, and so doing something you don't enjoy for much of that time will likely feel very taxing.
• At many schools there will be implicit pressure if not explicit pressure to pursue a research-oriented career. (This is not something we condone, but will happen at many places.) If you do not want to go into research, this can feel ostracising and make you feel like you are making the ‘wrong’ choice for your career.

Comparisons of Masters, PsyD, and PhD

• PsyD vs PhD – Differences Explained
• Types of Doctorates

A PsyD is a Doctor of Psychology, whilst a PhD is a Doctor of Philosophy. Both are doctoral degrees, but their focuses and goals differ. A PsyD focuses on the application of knowledge and aims to train students in clinical psychology. A PhD in psychology focuses on research and adding new knowledge, often leading to a career in research or academia, rather than clinical work.

Introduction

Many graduate students who possess a psychology degree look to improve their career outlook through postgraduate study. In particular, aspiring psychologists look to complete a doctoral degree. There are two popular choices for these psychology students, the PsyD and the PhD. Please note this article has been written for the perspective of a US audience.

What is a PsyD and a PhD?

There are two types of doctoral degrees in psychology: a PsyD and a PhD. Here is what they stand for:

• A PsyD is a Doctor of Psychology.
• A PhD is a Doctor of Philosophy.

Both doctoral degree programs prepare students for careers in psychology, but their goals and purposes differ.

A Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) degree focuses on the practical and clinical applications of psychology. The PsyD program provides clinical training to doctoral students teaching you how to apply scientific knowledge of psychology and how to work with patients in a professional environment. A PhD in psychology places a greater emphasis on research methods and the theoretical concepts of the subject, requiring students to contribute novel findings to their area of research.

Is Someone With a PsyD a Doctor?

A PsyD is a doctoral degree, in the same way a PhD is, and those who possess one use the title of doctor in their name (e.g. Dr. Surname). To be clear however, PsyD holders are not medical doctors unless they also hold a medical degree, such as an MD in the US or MBBS in the UK.

Both doctorates are valuable to possess, but PsyDs have less international recognition and are more commonplace in the US.

Is a PsyD or PhD Better?

Neither degree is better than the other, but one may be more suitable for you, based on your career goals.

Generally, PsyD programs are suited to students who wish to pursue a career in providing psychological services in a clinical setting. In comparison, PhD programs are suited to those who wish to pursue a career path in research or academia.

This does not mean that those with a PsyD degree cannot pursue a career in research or academia, nor does it mean that those with a PhD cannot practice clinical psychology.

How Long Does It Take to Get a PsyD?

We are often asked “how many years is a PsyD?”. Although the duration of a PsyD varies depending on the institution, the typical program lasts 4 to 6 years. This usually includes a yearlong clinical internship toward the end of the program.

In comparison, a PhD in Psychology typically takes 6 to 8 years to complete.

A PsyD program is usually less expensive than a PhD psychology program. However, funding is more widely available for PhD programs, which means PsyD programs are often associated with higher levels of student debt.

What is the Difference Between a PsyD and PhD Program?

As mentioned previously, PsyD programs are designed to focus on the direct application of scientific knowledge. Coursework and topics of study include human behavior, providing clinical care to patients, assessment & diagnosis, therapy, and mental health conditions. This may involve a clinical training program and trainees undertaking clinical placements.

PhD programs focus on the theory behind psychology. Topics of study include analyzing data, statistical models, and research methodology.

There is some overlap between the two doctoral programs. PsyD students may still study data analyzation, and PhD students will still learn about the clinical practice of psychology and may gain clinical experience to aid their professional development.

Though the application process may be similar, PhD programs in psychology tend to be more competitive and have lower acceptance rates than PsyD programs

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

Does a PsyD Require a Dissertation?

Some PsyD programs require students to complete a written dissertation or thesis . Those that do will require the dissertation or thesis to address an applied clinical problem.

Most PsyD programs do not require submission of a dissertation or thesis. Instead, a PsyD student is required to complete an internship (also referred to as a practicum) and carry out clinical work at the end of their doctorate degree program. These internships are typically a year long and assess your clinical skills in a professional practice on actual patients.

What Jobs Can You Get With a PsyD?

The PsyD program follows the ‘practitioner-scholar’ model, engaging in practice-oriented study. This allows those with a doctor of psychology degree to pursue a wide range of career options, including:

• Clinical Psychologist,
• Counselling psychologist,
• Mental health counselor,
• School psychologist,
• Psychotherapist,
• Consultant,
• Licensed psychologist.

It should be noted that PsyD holders can operate in a broad range of professional environments and clinical settings such as hospitals, correctional facilities, private practices, mental health clinics, social work and schools.

In comparison, the PhD program follows the ‘scientist-practitioner’ model which prepares the doctoral student for a career in research & academia. Typical destinations for a PhD student include:

• Higher Education (university professor/lecturer),
• Licensed Psychologist,
• Researcher.

The career opportunities with a doctoral degree in psychology are also dependent on the specific research area of the doctoral program. Research areas can include forensic psychology, health psychology, counselling psychology, social psychology, social science, applied psychology, educational psychology, psychological assessment, social care, cognitive behavioral psychology and psychological therapies.

Whichever method you choose to attain your doctorate in psychology, know that you will have invaluable skills and experience that make you a valuable asset in a number of industries not just within clinical psychology.

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The Differences Between a PhD in Psychology and PsyD

Written by Jennifer Cione-Kroeschel

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Mental health professionals looking to further their education in the field have two major degrees to choose from: A PhD in Psychology, which is a Doctor of Philosophy degree, and a PsyD, which is Doctor of Psychology degree. They sound nearly the same, so what is the difference between a PhD and PsyD?

Do psychologists have a PhD or PsyD? Well, either, but an increasing number of psychologists in clinical practice or who see patients in a traditional therapy setting are earning a PsyD. In order to be a psychologist, you need a doctoral-level degree in the field, which both of these are, but a PsyD is more oriented toward becoming a practicing clinician. However, most PhDs also go on to work with clients in a clinical setting and apply their specialized research and knowledge to providing therapy for the specific issues they study.

In the end, both satisfy the requirements for full authority licensure and neither limits you from clinical practice or research work, but the training in a PhD is a bit more traditionally oriented to academia while the PsyD focuses more narrowly on clinical practice.

What Is a PhD in Psychology?

A PhD in Psychology is a doctorate degree designed to lead to the development of new information in the field, though it can just as well be used to go into clinical practice. Someone who holds a PhD, though, will be well prepared to teach psychology or work with other researchers on experimental trials and studies. The goal of having a PhD in Psychology is to advance the knowledge of mental health issues as well as the methods used to treat them.

While it used to be the only doctoral level degree in the field, now that a PsyD is available, a PhD is beginning to be viewed a bit more as being better suited for people who want to go into psychology education, clinical trials, or research.

But ultimately, pursuing a PhD in Psychology prepares students for a wide range of career opportunities in the field of psychology, whether in research, consulting, teaching, or clinical practice.

What Is a PsyD?

Professionals with a PsyD usually use their degrees to work with people who seek therapy, or for more serious clinical interventions for the severely mentally ill in psychiatric hospitals. Knowledge from the studies done in the degree program is applied to providing therapy, rather than continuing research. As opposed to a PhD, a PsyD is a more straightforward, hands-on degree for the practice of psychology.

Is someone with a PsyD a doctor? Short answer: Yes, but not a medical doctor. Anyone with a doctoral-level degree holds the title of doctor, but unless they have a medical degree, they can’t prescribe medication or conduct medical treatments. The same goes for those with a PhD in Psychology.

Earning a PsyD degree puts you on a direct path to practicing psychology in a clinical setting.

Similarities and Differences

The main difference between a PhD in Psychology and PsyD is that a PhD emphasizes research while a PsyD prepares student for practicing psychology.

PsyD programs focus on applying scientific knowledge directly to the practice of psychology, while PhD programs study the theories behind psychology. While PsyD students will have classes in human behavior, therapy, and mental health conditions, PhD candidates will have coursework like research methodology and statistical models. Although, PsyD students will still have some exposure to research and analyzing data, and PhD students will also have plenty of coursework that deals with clinical practice.

Both degrees develop research skills and build knowledge and skill sets that can be applied to either clinical practice or education. While there is overlap, there are also clear differences, like acceptance rates, cost, coursework, and common career outcomes

Things to Consider When Choosing a PhD and PsyD

Before pursing either of these degrees, some important factors need to be considered, like your interests and expectations. They’re not identical degrees, and one might be better suited to a student than the other on an individual basis.

Generally, PhD programs may be more difficult to get into and the program usually lasts between 5 and 8 years. PsyD programs, while still competitive, have a relatively higher acceptance rate and take 1-2 years fewer to complete. While tuition for both programs can be high, PhD students are often offered tuition assistance in exchange for teaching and research assistance.

Is a PsyD better than a PhD? Nobody could really make a case that a PsyD is categorically better than a PhD, but it might be a little more geared to exactly what you want to do with your career. If you really want to focus in on the application of your psychology skills working directly with clients or in a clinical setting with people suffering with more serious mental health problems, a PsyD will give you the focus you’re looking for. If you want a more traditional doctorate experience that also includes a research focus and dissertation, a PhD is the more fitting choice.

Let’s talk money. Realistically, earning potential does factor into which degree program to choose and which path to go down. It’s fair to assume that most people reading this are wondering, do PsyD or PhD make more money? The answer is that there is absolutely nothing to suggest that one or the other will result in making more money. Both PsyD and PhD graduates have the same kind of career prospects, and the same salary potential based on which career path they might take.

But there’s more to this question than just whether one or the other will result in making more money. A PsyD will typically take less time, allowing the holder to start making a salary sooner, but a PhD may have less tuition to pay back if they receive any waivers or stipends for teaching and research during the program. The amount of money either makes will depend on what type of job they choose. If a PhD becomes a tenured professor, clinician, or lead researcher at a university, in private practice, or at a medical facility. If comparing apples to apples, practicing psychologists with a PhD earn slightly more than those with a PsyD, but the difference is small.

The difference between PsyD and PhD is enough to make someone stop and think about which would be best for them, while both are valuable degrees that share similarities and can lead to rewarding careers.

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PsyD vs. PhD: Which Is Right for Me?

by Celeste Jones, PsyD, ABPP

What’s the difference between a PhD and a PsyD degree in clinical psychology ?

In short, while both degrees afford training opportunities in both research and clinical work, the curriculum is designed differently to address the following emphases:

• The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Psychology is a research doctorate designed to advance the knowledge base of the discipline through research and writing, typically within an academic setting.
• The Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)  is a professional doctorate designed to train psychologists for clinical practice, including providing psychotherapy, psychological assessment, and consultation in a variety of clinical settings.

View the PsyD program at George Fox University in Oregon

The Field of Clinical Psychology

There are many different career paths and areas of specialty within psychology, all aimed toward scholarship and/or service that bring psychological healing and wellness to a world that desperately needs it. For this reason, there are also many types of psychological training programs, including both clinical and non-clinical specializations.

The study of clinical psychology specifically explores the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of mental and behavioral health concerns of individuals and families , ranging from mild to severe psychopathology. Clinical psychology also includes work in consultation, training, supervision, teaching and research.

Some non-clinical psychology doctoral degrees include PhDs in social psychology, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, and experimental psychology, which are designed to develop academic scholars and researchers in these areas.

Within clinical psychology, one of the primary differentiators between training programs is the distinction between PhD (“scientist-practitioner” model) and PsyD (“practitioner-scholar” model) programs. There is considerable overlap between them in both research and clinical training, and both can be accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA) . To further complicate matters, psychologists from both types of programs are often convincing and passionate about the effectiveness of whichever they endorse.

So let’s consider the general differences between the PhD and PsyD in clinical psychology.

PhD clinical psychology programs most often use a mentor-based model of doctoral training, where a student is matched to a single research mentor who they work most closely with throughout their doctoral training. The PhD mentor is responsible to monitor their student’s academic progress and oversee the completion of their doctoral dissertation, often based on the mentor’s area of research interest.

PhD clinical psychology programs are six years long , starting with two years of course work, traditionally with 20 to 40% of course work in statistics and research. After two years of course work, there are three years of clinical practicum, the last two of which also include completion of a doctoral dissertation.

In PhD programs, there are fewer courses, with more time dedicated to research and scholarship . Year six is dedicated to completion of a year-long, full-time supervised internship. While specific rates vary, generally about half of the individuals who graduate from PhD clinical psychology programs become academics or researchers, and the other half engage in the practice of clinical psychology.

PsyD clinical psychology programs most often involve more course work than the PhD programs , aiming to focus in more depth on clinical skills and foundations needed for clinical practice in a wide range of populations and settings. Most PsyD programs match students to a research mentor to facilitate completion of the doctoral dissertation, but there is less time spent on research in general.

PsyD programs are completed in five years , with the first year dedicated to foundational course work, followed by three years of a combination of course work, clinical practicum and dissertation research. The fifth year is dedicated to completion of a year-long, full-time supervised internship. Clinical training toward service delivery is the emphasis of these training programs, with students gaining enough competency in research to be able to apply research effectively in their clinical practice.

Social Context

As psychologists are aware, social context matters immensely to one’s overall well-being, and graduate training programs in clinical psychology are no exception. Many prospective students wonder what kinds of social support are provided in graduate training programs, and PhD and PsyD programs often have different organizing structures around the training relationships students are involved in.

Traditionally, PhD programs are smaller programs , with a mentor taking one to two new students each training year.  Depending on the number of faculty in a program, there may be five to 10 students in each graduating class. With fewer courses and more limited relationships with other faculty, the most important relationship in this kind of program is with the mentor, with a second level of support coming from other students working in the same mentor’s research lab.

PsyD programs are typically a bit larger , with 20 to 50 students per graduating class.  Generally, the PsyD programs that are on the lower end of those class sizes are more likely to be “high-touch” programs, emphasizing close-knit faculty-student and community relationships as formative to the developing psychologist. With less time committed to research and more course work with various faculty, PsyD students have the opportunity to develop close relationships with many mentors  (research advisor, clinical practicum supervisors, other faculty).

Many PsyD programs also use “cohort model” training, in which an incoming student class generally takes all of their required course work together with the students they entered the program with, an intentional design to promote student relationship-building and the formation of healthy group dynamics that facilitate student learning and development.

Career Opportunities

One of the draws of gaining a doctorate in clinical psychology, whether PhD or PsyD, is the wide variety of career opportunities a clinical psychologist is equipped for.

PhD programs may have more students interested in becoming academic scholars and college faculty members (which do not necessarily require licensure), while PsyD programs may have more students interested in clinical practice and the delivery of psychological services with clients.

Within clinical service, the settings in which psychologists work include:

• Private practices
• Group practices
• Community mental health agencies
• Prisons and corrections settings
• Psychiatric inpatient treatment
• Residential treatment centers
• Primary care offices

Their work can include diagnosis, assessment and treatment of common psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression and ADHD, as well as rarer and/or more severe psychopathology such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or personality disorders (e.g., narcissistic personality disorder, borderline personality disorder).

Psychologists are often valued members of interdisciplinary teams, collaborating with primary care physicians, specialists, occupational therapists, social workers, speech and language pathologists, teachers, and other allied health professionals.

Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology

State licensure as a clinical psychologist requires completion of a doctoral degree in clinical psychology.  A few states have an option of completing additional supervision and oversight after earning a Master of Arts (MA) in Clinical Psychology degree in order to attain licensure at the master’s level, but for the most part a doctoral degree is required to practice psychology.

Licensure at the MA level most often requires additional training and supervision. This is called a “non-terminal” master’s degree, which means that the MA curriculum is not designed to meet any particular licensure requirements. Rather, the MA degree is an academic stepping stone to attaining licensure after the subsequent doctoral degree is earned.

Students typically apply to doctoral training programs that include a non-terminal MA degree – such as George Fox University’s PsyD program  – directly after earning their bachelor’s degree. Doctoral programs most often include earning an MA as part of the same program.

Financial Cost/Return on Investment

While the meaning and purpose found in a career as a clinical psychologist can be deeply satisfying, it’s also helpful for prospective students to consider salaries and costs of training. For both the PsyD and PhD, the year-long internship in the final year of training is funded, so students only take a minimal number of credits. Let’s consider the costs of the first five years (PhD) or four years (PsyD) of training.

Some PhD programs are tuition-based, but more traditional PhD programs offer grant-funded stipends  for the students working in a particular mentor’s research lab. With fewer courses and grant-funded research, funded positions in PhD programs often provide an affordable way to complete a doctorate in clinical psychology. This is important to the ongoing development of career academics and researchers whose salaries are often significantly lower than those in clinical practice, at least until later in their academic career.

While PsyD programs are tuition-based (costing upwards of $100,000 in the end), salaries in clinical practice are higher , making student loan repayment very affordable. A program’s financial aid office often has information on a program’s “default rate,” which is the percentage of students who are unable to successfully pay off their student loans – a number worth looking into prior to investing in a PsyD degree. In addition, there are federal programs like the National Health Service Corps that exchange loan repayment for graduates who work in underserved areas.

Closing Thoughts

The field of clinical psychology is a highly satisfying career, rich in meaning and purpose and providing a wide variety of career opportunities.

Once you decide to become a clinical psychologist, there are many factors to consider in determining whether a PhD or PsyD program would be the best fit. While there are many areas of overlap and both can be accredited by the APA, there are some general differences in the training models based on the training goals and curriculum design and structure.

Prospective students are encouraged to thoughtfully consider these training program attributes in determining the best fit for their graduate training aims.

Celeste Jones is the former program director for George Fox University’s PsyD program in Oregon.

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PsyD vs PhD in Psychology: Which Degree Is Right for Me?

If you want to work in the field of mental health, pursuing a doctorate in psychology is an excellent decision. The gold standard of degrees in the field of psychology, a doctorate will help qualify you for a number of career opportunities.

When considering which graduate psychology program is right for you, there are a lot of factors to take into account: location, cost, program length, funding opportunities, available areas of concentration, internship and community placement options, training model, faculty achievements–the list goes on.

One factor you may not have considered, however, is the type of degree you will earn: a Phd or PsyD in psychology.

The PhD in Psychology was the only available degree option, until in the 60s and 70s, a movement was started to create a new type of degree, one that was practice-oriented and would appeal to those wanting a strong professional program with less of a focus on conducting research. Although it was initially met with skepticism and was mired in controversy, today the PsyD is a viable, practical option offered at many universities around the country.

Choosing to pursue a PhD vs. PsyD degree will largely depend upon your career goals.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Psychology

The PhD in Psychology is more research-oriented, and is usually a better fit for those students looking for a career in a research institution or an academic or administrative setting. Do you want to eventually teach psychology at the university level? Are you interested in conducting scientific research to further the study of psychology today? The Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology is probably the right degree for you then.

Just because a PhD in Psychology degree program is more research-focused doesn’t mean it neglects practical experience, however. PhD in Psychology programs are often taught in the scientist-practitioner model, which aims to give students a foundation in both research and clinical practice, with the belief that integrating scientific research into practice makes for a well-rounded psychologist. Most PhD programs have a clinical component where students can obtain real-world experience providing mental health services to a variety of clients in a variety of settings.

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The Doctor of Psychology degree was created to train practitioners, instead of researchers, by focusing on a course of study that emphasizes clinical training. In the 1960s, when the PsyD movement began, more doctoral-trained psychologists were choosing careers as academic researchers rather than careers in practice. The need for practitioners in the community was real—but no program existed that was geared toward students wanting to practice clinical psychology rather than move into research.

Over the years, many critics of the PsyD degree have argued that PsyD programs ignore the scientific component of psychology. But just as the PhD doesn’t neglect clinical practice, the PsyD doesn’t neglect research—or the science behind psychology. Although PsyD programs focus on practical application, their teachings are based in and informed by scientific research, and students are trained to apply the scientific method to problems they see in their communities.

Choosing the Right Doctorate Degree for You

When evaluating whether the PhD vs. PsyDis right for you, start by considering your career interests. Would you rather work directly with the community, helping individuals in a practice-based setting? Or are you more interested in conducting research to make new discoveries in the field of psychology, or entering academia and passing your knowledge along to the next generation of psychologists?

Program availability may also influence your PhD vs. PsyD decision. Although both degrees are offered nationwide, the PhD in Psychology is more widespread.

Keep in mind that no matter whether you decide to pursue a PsyD or PhD, it’s critical to select a program that is accredited by the American Psychological Association . If you enter a program that is not accredited, you will likely have a hard time getting an internship or getting licensed.

Alliant’s Doctorate in Psychology Programs

Whether you’re looking for a PhD or a PsyD program, Alliant has you covered. Alliant’s California School of Professional Psychology offers both PhD in Psychology and    PsyD in Psychology programs—with both degree options being offered at multiple locations throughout California.

Although all the programs have commonalities, each doctoral program also has something unique to offer. We invite you to explore each program in-depth to find the one that best meets your specific interests and goals.

To learn more about our doctorate in psychology programs, or to speak with an advisor, please contact us today!

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PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology [2024 Guide]

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Are you contemplating the career benefits of a PsyD vs. PhD?

Both of these often respected and fulfilling degree paths can lead to exciting things. Let’s explore the differences.

Comparing a PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology – Key Differences

You may be considering a doctorate degree in psychology because you’re simply fascinated by the human mind. You may also be confident that you can use your passion for helping people to carve out a very fulfilling career.

It’s important to be very methodical and targeted when choosing your degree path if you’re going to be working in a doctorate-level role. Let’s compare and contrast PsyD and PhD degrees.

A PsyD or a Doctor of Psychology degree is considered an “alternate” degree path that puts an emphasis on the clinical and applied aspects of the field. A PsyD is likely a good fit if your goal is to work within a professional practice or counseling setting.

PsyD graduates typically work in clinical settings like psychiatry practices, rehabilitation centers, public schools, universities, or prisons. The coursework for a PsyD revolves heavily around applying things like evidenced-based research and standards of practice in real-world settings.

PsyD programs are designed to help students learn how to apply many decades of research to patient settings. Original research is not the primary goal of someone pursuing a PsyD. Yes, you will likely do independent research as part of your learning path. However, most of your focus will likely be on learning to apply your education in clinical settings.

A traditional or online PhD in Psychology is often a natural fit for someone with an acute interest in the research side. This path may appeal to you if you love to break down data to discover insights. The insights that you discover through your independent research could help to move the field forward.

Many PhD holders work in research settings where they design and conduct tests and surveys to gain better understandings of things like human behavior, the effectiveness of various treatments, and underlying causes of psychological disorders.

PhD graduates are also qualified to work as instructors at colleges and universities. That means that they can apply what they’ve learned through study and research to help train the next generation of psychologists and researchers.

Many healthcare and government institutions also hire PhDs for consulting duties. The expertise that a PhD in the field of psychology can bring to the table is important for forming policies and decisions at both private and public institutions.

Ultimately, it is important to know what is a PsyD and what is a PhD in psychology before determining the best degree path for yourself.

Doctoral Psychology Careers & Salaries

What types of job roles are open to people with doctoral degrees in psychology? Roles can be filled at private practices, mental health facilities, schools, universities, and research facilities.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , the median annual wage for clinical, counseling, and school psychologists is $79,820. Here’s a look at some specific annual salary expectations based on government data:

Salary expectations should be based on years of experience and the type of institution you’re employed by during your career.

PsyD vs. PhD Salary Differences

It’s not an apples-to-apples comparison when it comes to salaries for these two degree paths. The setting that you choose to work in will heavily influence your salary.

Potential for promotions and raises when moving from a general counseling role or social-work role. A private practice can often be the most lucrative option because you are earning revenue based on patient volume.

PsyD graduates can often expect generous pay when working as corporate or sports psychologists.

PhD graduates can typically command the highest salaries in the field of psychology when leading research projects. Some PhD graduates earn six figures as tenured college professors.

Both PsyD and PhD candidates have very similar overall salary projections. However, the reality of your salary potential with either psychology degree online comes down to the type of setting you choose to work in.

Psychology Specializations & Concentrations

Most people who pursue PsyD and PhD degrees want to apply their skills to some very specific passions and interests. Here’s a look at some areas of focus for doctoral candidates:

• Clinical psychologists work one-on-one with patients to treat and diagnose mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. They often work in practices, hospitals, and care facilities.
• Forensic psychologists apply their skills to the legal arena. They lend their expertise to things like investigations and court cases. Government agencies and local law enforcement routinely consult with forensic psychologists when working on cases or investigating crimes.
• Mental health psychologists use their highly specialized training to evaluate a person’s mental health. This is done through recognized and respected methods for interviewing, evaluating, and testing.
• Organizational psychologists provide services to organizations and businesses looking to increase productivity through psychological principles. An organizational psychologist would come into the picture to study productivity trends, management style, and employee morale to get an understanding of a company. Next, strategic recommendations are given for how to make improvements using techniques for motivation, cooperation, and productivity.
• Sports psychologists are experts at understanding how performance is impacted by both psychological and physical factors. This multifaceted specialty requires an understanding of the relationships between physiology, kinesiology, biomechanics, and psychology. Sports psychologists often work with coaches and trainers to create comprehensive plans for individual athletes and teams. They are often employed by sports teams, gyms, high schools, and universities.

A psychologist’s training and skills are tested every day on the job! The rewarding part is that all of these roles allow psychology professionals to see the impact of their work.

Psychology Licensing and Certification

Yes, you should become very familiar with the various licensing and accreditation bodies once you get deeper into your pursuit of becoming a working, licensed psychologist. It’s important to take licensing and certification seriously because your ability to legally act and speak as a psychologist depends on them!

• The American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP) is what you might call the primary certifying body for professional psychologists in the United States. This certification shows a psychologist is credible and can be taken seriously. In addition, this certification is essentially a default requirement for being employed or representing yourself as a psychologist.
• The Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards (ASPPB) oversees standards for the licensing and certification of all psychologists throughout both the United States and Canada. Yes, every single practicing psychologist in both countries needs to meet the association’s standards before being allowed to formally practice in their field. The ASPPB administers the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP).
• The Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP) is the licensing exam developed by the ASPPB. The exam exists to certify that post-doctoral students are legally permitted to practice psychology. The ASPPB’s recommended minimum passing score is 500 out of a potential score of 800.

The bottom line is that you cannot be a practicing psychologist in the United States without having approval from the ABPP and ASPPB. Fulfilling all requirements and passing required exams are as important as graduating from a doctoral program!

It’s also worth looking into a school with regional accreditation through an organization recognized by CHEA.org .

Choosing Between a PhD in Psychology or a PsyD Degree

It’s time to get serious about making that hard choice between a PhD and PsyD. Choosing as early as possible can help you to narrow down your school search and get all of your paperwork in. Let’s look at the requirements for each program.

• A dissertation is required.
• Lower acceptance rate (approximately 15 percent).
• More funding, stipends, and support are generally provided by institutions.
• Generally requires 90 to 120 credit hours.
• A dissertation isn’t always required.
• Higher acceptance rate (approximately 40 percent).
• No special stipends are generally given to PsyD candidates apart from standard FAFSA
• Generally requires 70 to 114 credit hours.

It can seem that a PsyD is easier to obtain at first glance. However, it’s more important to focus on which type of program is going to provide you with the preparation and training you need to be able to contribute to your chosen field of expertise.

It’s not that a PhD is more difficult to obtain. What we’re really looking at is the fact that a PhD simply requires candidates to dive into research in a more specific way than clinically minded PsyD candidates.

Yes, it does typically take less time to obtain a PsyD. This may make this degree path more attractive to you if you’re interested in getting into your field as quickly as possible.

PsyD vs. PhD Admissions Requirements

The admissions requirements for PsyD and PhD candidates are similar. However, they are not interchangeable. It is typically much more difficult to be accepted into a PhD program than a PsyD program. The main reason is that PhD programs accept a fraction of the candidates.

Actual admissions requirements vary by school. However, many of the requirements are universal across all institutions. Here’s a peek at what you’ll probably need to prepare.

• A bachelor’s degree
• Transcripts from all previous universities attended
• Letters of recommendation
• A minimum undergraduate GPA (varies by school)
• Personal essay
• GRE scores (varies by school)
• A bachelor’s degree or master’s degree in a related field
• A minimum undergraduate GPA (typically 3.0)

What’s the Difference in PsyD vs. PhD reputation?

Both are usually highly respected. A PhD is typically viewed as a research-oriented degree.

A PsyD is typically viewed as an appropriate degree for someone with clinical aspirations.

What Jobs Can I Get With a Doctoral Degree in Psychology?

A variety of clinical and research positions are available to professionals with doctoral degrees in psychology.

The list includes psychologists, psychology researchers, school psychologists, sports psychologists, organizational psychologists, and forensic psychologists.

What is a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)?

A PsyD is a professional doctoral degree that is designed to prepare graduates for careers in clinical settings.

Graduates often take leadership roles in institutions that diagnose and support mental health.

What is a PhD in Psychology?

A psychology PhD is a doctor of philosophy in the field of psychology.

The rigorous training and research involved in this program is designed to prepare a student to work in clinical, research, and academic settings.

Should I Continue With a Graduate Psychology Degree Program?

A graduate psychology degree program can greatly expand your career prospects. This may be a worthwhile pursuit if your goal is to become a respected expert in your field.

Getting an additional degree may enable you to go from “support” roles to leadership roles in the field of psychology.

What are the PsyD Requirements to Graduate?

You will need to complete all of the required credit hours. This typically ranges from 70 to 114 total hours. In addition, you may be required to complete a dissertation.

Most PsyD programs require an internship or practicum to provide hands-on experience.

What are the PhD in Psychology Requirements to Graduate?

It will be necessary to complete all credit hours required by your program. This may be as many as 120 credit hours for a PhD program.

You will also need to complete a dissertation related to the specialty you’re pursuing.

What are Key Differences Between a PhD and PsyD in Clinical Psychology?

Choosing between a PhD and PsyD in clinical psychology comes down to a choice of research versus hands-on application.

Someone who is interested in research or academic pursuits is probably better suited for a PhD. Someone looking to practice in a clinical setting that relies on one-on-one interactions with patients is probably better suited for a PsyD.

That’s not to say that there’s no overlap. Yes, a person with a PhD can fulfill roles that require clinical expertise. Additionally, graduates of PsyD programs do sometimes end up in research roles.

Getting Your PsyD or PhD Online

Can you really dive into the human psyche on a doctoral level from home? Yes, many colleges and universities now provide doctoral programs in psychology that can be completed remotely.

Both PsyD and PhD programs usually require heavy reading and research. That means that you’ll probably be doing a lot of self-guided study as you pursue your online psych degree . This is one of the reasons why a doctorate in this field may actually be ideal for a syllabus comprised of online coursework.

A PhD or PsyD programs online can balance the self-guided nature of doctorate-level psychology studies with the expertise and guidance of trained, qualified professors in the field.

It may be necessary to complete hands-on training in a clinical setting as part of your degree requirements. This is something that colleges and universities can assist you with once you enter into a doctorate program. It’s possible that you’ll be able to complete clinical work that satisfies your degree requirement locally.

Great minds are interested in studying minds! You may be a perfect fit for an online PsyD or PhD program. Find a school that will help you make big contributions to the field of psychology to get on the perfect degree path.

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What is the Real Difference between an MD and PhD?

Phds advance knowledge, whereas mds merely apply existing knowledge..

Posted March 7, 2011 | Reviewed by Kaja Perina

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If you ask someone in the psychology world how people with PhDs (Doctor of Philosophy ) differ from those with MD (Doctor of Medicine) you may get an answer like "MDs can prescribe medication , whereas PhDs cannot." That is true. Another difference is that MDs generally make more money in the United States.

MDs are consider by many to be the "real doctors" because they can help with physiological medical problems. That too is true. I certainly don't refer to myself as "Dr. Kelly" in any context other than an academic setting, because people might get the false impression that I could jump in and help in the event of a broken foot or migraine headache.

All that sounds pretty bad for the PhD. But here's the most essential difference between the two degrees: PhDs advance knowledge, whereas MDs merely apply existing knowledge. Unlike the MD who does not need to produce any original research, the person earning a PhD must produce original research and write it up in a thesis or dissertation. Then a committee of experts must deem that thesis as offering an acceptable advancement of knowledge before the PhD is conferred. It typically takes a couple of years longer to earn a PhD than an MD. Part of the reason it takes so long is that the person earning the PhD is being trained on how to think critically about existing knowledge, and it can take a while to find one's niche and fill a gap in the knowledge base.

If you yourself want to make important scientific discoveries and then tell the world about them, you will be much better prepared by getting a PhD than an MD. You also will be much better prepared to criticize studies you read about in virtually any field because you will be trained in critical thinking and writing.

If you are deciding which degree is right for you, ask yourself if you will be content with applying the knowledge you learn (MD) from other people, or if you would like to get in on the action of making the discoveries yourself (PhD). For instance, would you like to be one of the scientists who are figuring out how to reverse the aging process (PhD)? Would you like to see if giving aging mice a particular the enzyme (one that you discover) makes their hair shiny again and restores their fertility (PhD)? Or would you be content giving your future medical patients the proper dose of the medications that arise from this research and then seeing the signs of youth return in your patients (MD)? These are the kinds of questions that college students everywhere should be asking themselves, and yet I have never seen them do so.

This difference in training also means that if you want to know what the cutting -edge knowledge is in a given field, you have to ask a PhD in that field, not an MD. So for instance, let's say you or your mate is having trouble getting pregnant . If you just ask your local obstetrician or gynecologist what the cutting edge discoveries are regarding fertility, that MD is not likely to know. That MD can give you fertility treatments that he or she has learned about and tried with other patients. It should be noted, however, that many MDs make an effort to remain abreast of scientific research long after their degree has been conferred.

The upshot of my message is this: We need both kinds of people, those who apply existing knowledge (such as the MD does in the medical field) and those who advance it (PhDs). But if you think a PhD is less qualified than an MD when it comes to having cutting-edge knowledge, you have that backwards.

Anita E. Kelly, Ph.D., is a Professor of Psychology at the University of Notre Dame. She is author of The Clever Student and The Psychology of Secrets.

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Debating MD vs PhD/PsyD

I'm stuck between pursuing an MD or getting a PhD in clinical psychology. On the one hand, I really am fascinated by the medical field as a whole and would aim to end up as a psychiatrist but I feel that the way I would want to practice psychiatry is closer to that of a clinical psychologist (plus the ability to prescribe meds.) The most idealistic scenario for me is to get an MD and then a PhD or PsyD, but given the amount of time/resources it would take, it's unrealistic. Any advice or suggestions?

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Speaker 1: Welcome to Grad Life Grind. If you're new to this channel, thank you for checking it out, and if you're already a subscriber, thanks for being back again. My name is Arielle, and I'm a PhD student in clinical psychology, and in this channel I bring you information about the mental health field and talk about my journey as a PhD student. In today's video, I want to address another really common question that I get about the field of psychology, and that is, what is the difference between a PhD and a PsyD? So to break that down pretty simply, a PhD is a Doctor of Philosophy, and you can get a PhD in any field, and a doctorate degree is typically the highest one you can get in a given subject. So you can get a PhD in philosophy, in sociology, in education, and it's not the same as a medical degree or MD, which I talked about in a recent video, but the PsyD is also a doctoral degree, also the highest you can get, but it's specifically a Doctor of Psychology. And when I was trying to figure out whether I wanted to get a PhD or PsyD, I consulted some people that I knew in the field, and when I decided that I wanted to pursue psychology as a career, I had no idea that a PsyD even existed. I thought it was just bachelor's, master's, PhD, like every other field, and once I was doing my research about which graduate programs that I should apply to, I found out about a PsyD. And typically the main distinction between PhD and PsyD is research, since research is a really big part of what clinical psychologists do, research is also a huge part of clinical psychology PhD programs. Now PsyD programs involve a dissertation, but they aren't as research-heavy in their curriculum, so the way to decide which degree is right for you is really based on your career goals. I cannot tell you which one you should go for, it really depends on you. So if you know that you want to have a more academic or research-based career in the future, then the PhD might make more sense for you. If you know that you want to do more clinical work at the doctoral level, then a PsyD might be more right for you. And there's definitely also a little bit of crossover, so there are definitely clinical psychology PhD programs that are super clinically oriented, and the research isn't such a huge component of the curriculum at that school. On the other hand, there are also clinical psychology programs that are very research-heavy, and they aren't really breeding students who want to be therapists in the future. In that case, then maybe a PsyD is the option for you. And there are also people that I've worked with who have a PsyD that are running their own research lab, so there is definitely a possibility for crossover. The reason why I felt like a PhD was right for me is because I wanted to have more options. So I knew that at some point in my career I was going to want to work as a therapist, I knew that at another point in my career I might want to focus on research or an academic position, teaching as a professor, or maybe having an administrative role, and I felt that having a PhD would give me a little bit more options so that if at some point in my career I want to switch to something else, or if I want to hold many different roles at the same time, I felt like the PhD would make more sense. Another reason why I went for a PhD is because not a lot of people know what a PsyD is, and they may not know that a PsyD is still a doctoral degree, and I feel like most of the time when you hear the word PhD you know that that's the highest level, and that might seem kind of trivial, but I wanted to make sure that the letters after my name mean something to people, and like I said a PsyD is still doctoral degree, it's still the highest that you can get, so you're still doctor of psychology, your title will still be doctor, whatever your last name is, but I really felt like the PhD was a better fit for me because I love so many different things about the field. I love research, I love clinical work, I love being a mentor, I love having the ability to be a teacher, so that basically breaks down the difference between PhD and PsyD. If you have any other questions please drop them in the comments and I will respond to you personally as soon as I can, and if you want to understand the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist, I just recorded a video on that so you can find that in the description for this video as well.