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Hvordan skrive et essay

9 minutter lesemateriale

• 01. Hva er et essay?
• 02. Hvordan ser et essay ut?
• 03. Hvordan skrive et godt essay
• 04. Hvordan planlegge et essay
• 05. Eksempel på oppsett av et essay
• 06. Flere tips til essayskriving

Å skrive et essay er noe man vil møte mange ganger i løpet av skolegangen. Noen elever synes det er utfordrende å planlegge og skrive essay . Selv mindre oppgaver kan for mange virke overveldende å begynne på.

Det er derfor en god idé å bli vant til å skrive essay før du skal skrive større og viktige oppgaver, som for eksempel en bacheloroppgave eller en eksamen. Selv om en bacheloroppgave ofte ligger på 6,000-10,000 ord , er det ingen tvil om at den har mange fellestrekk med essay.

Så hva er egentlig et essay og hvordan kan man skrive det? I denne guiden ser vi nærmere på nettopp denne skriveformen og forklarer alt du trenger å vite for å bli mer selvsikker på det å skrive essay .

Hvis du synes det er spennende å lære om språk, er det mange andre temaer du bør sjekke ut. Hva med å lese om hvordan teknologien har påvirket språket vårt?

Hva er et essay?

Et essay er en kort, litterær tekst som gir forfatteren mulighet til å utforske, analysere eller reflektere over et spesifikt emne. Dette gir en personlig tilnærming til temaet, og kan inneholde argumenter basert på forfatterens synspunkter og erfaringer.

Sjangeren kjennetegnes gjerne som en vandring innen et emne hvor teksten ofte ikke kommer fram til noen klar konklusjon eller svar. Poenget er heller å stille spørsmål og drøfte rundt et emne, uten at det finnes definitive svar spørsmålene. Teksten kan også være mer personlig og subjektiv, noe som skiller sjangeren fra mange andre.

Kjennetegn på essay

• En klar idé om et emne
• Faktabasert og kunnskapsorientert
• En tydelig rød tråd gjennom teksten
• Spørsmål og drøftinger rundt et emne
• Subjektive meninger eller tanker, og kan skrives fra førsteperson (jeg)
• Virkemidler som humor og ironi brukes ofte
• Ingen klar konklusjon eller mål om å svare på et spesifikt spørsmål. Leseren skal selv kunne trekke sine egne konklusjoner, eller gjøre sine egne meninger ut ifra hva som drøftes

Hvordan ser et essay ut?

Selv om et essay kan virke annerledes enn andre artikler og oppgaver, er det fortsatt ett emne i bunn som skal skinne gjennom. Det er viktig å ha en klar rød tråd og guide leseren gjennom drøftingene sine.  Derfor er det viktig med en god struktur på oppgaven.

Selv om det ikke gis noen klar konklusjon eller svar, skal teksten fortsatt ha en naturlig avslutning. Det er derfor mulig å bruke en sirkelkomposisjon også i denne sjangeren. Det hele starter med å introdusere et tema og noen tanker rundt dette, før ulike spørsmål og eksempler presenteres, og det til slutt oppsummeres og legger opp til videre drøfting.

Likevel kan sjangeren tenkes på som mer muntlig, som en samtale hvor man diskuterer et tema fram til man er fornøyd med diskusjonen. Derfor kan det være lurt å finne en privatlærer som holder norskkurs i Oslo , som kan fungere som en sparringspartner.

Hvordan skrive et godt essay

Nå som vi har forklart litt om hva essay er, er det på tide å se nærmere på hvordan du kan skrive et essay selv. Det viktigste for elever å vite når de skal begynne å skrive essay er at det, dessverre, nesten er umulig å planlegge det perfekte essayet. Det finnes nemlig ingen fasit for denne sjangeren.

Selv om hvert essay kan settes opp på lik måte, finnes det ikke et perfekt antall avsnitt eller poeng å ha som mål. Det er heller ingen liste med krav for alle typer essay. Essay er en sjanger hvor ideer kan flyte fritt, og skal reflektere personligheten og meningene til skribenten.

Om du spør en norsklærer om det mest perfekte essayet de noensinne har lest, kommer du ikke til å få ett svar. Det hadde vært umulig for dem å svare, for hver elev har unike erfaringer å skrive om, noe som gjør at teksten deres skiller seg fra andres. Mange synes det er gøy å få prøve seg på essaysjangeren i norsktimene på skolen, da man får være kreativ! Hvis du synes det er vanskelig, kan du få gode råd og tips med hjelp av norskkurs på nett .

Våre beste tips!

Å skrive essay kan være en krevende oppgave, men frykt ikke! Rådene under kan hjelpe deg å unngå noen av de vanligste feilene.

• Forstå og svar på spørsmålet som stilles. Understrek nøkkelord og viktige punkter. Skal du diskutere, sammenligne, definere eller evaluere?
• Gjør research. Ta detaljerte notater fra kildene dine (bøker, artikler, filmer). Pass på å skrive detaljer om hvor sitatene og ideene stammer fra, slik at du kan referere riktig, og sørg for å finne kilder som anses som gode av lærestedet ditt.
• Planlegg strukturen. Begynn med å få ned ideene i et tankekart eller en liste, og organiser dem. Finn ut hva du ønsker i introduksjonen, hovedpoengene for hvert avsnitt og hvordan du skal knytte alt sammen. Det er viktig at du har en tenkt struktur klar før du setter i gang.
• Bruk en aktiv stemme når du kan. Den aktive stemmen er når setningens subjekt også er den som utfører handlingen. For eksempel: «Hitlers hær invaderte Polen» framfor «Polen var invadert av Hitlers hær». Den første setningen er mer direkte, mens den passive stemmen kan høres litt vag ut.
• Unngå generaliseringer. Dette inkluderer setninger som «Mange tror at [x mening]». Ikke bruk dem da det ikke gir noen klar informasjon. Vær heller så spesifikk som mulig. Dette vil også gi teksten mer troverdighet for leserne dine.
• Vær forsiktig med å presentere andres ideer og meninger som dine egne.  Dette er fort gjort, men teller fortsatt som plagiat. Om du skriver om en mening du har lest om et sted, skriv heller: «[Dr X] skrev om dette i hennes artikkel om [Y], så det er mulig at [Z]».

Viktigst av alt er å huske at essayet skal være din sjanse til å skrive hva du mener om et tema. Om du følger rådene over, og tar med litt personlighet i essayet, kommer du nok til å ende opp med et godt resultat.

Å ha god grammatikk og staving gjennom teksten er selvfølgelig også veldig viktig. Det finnes heldigvis mange gode ressurser som kan hjelpe deg med å rette opp i skrivefeil i teksten din.

Hvordan planlegge et essay

Selv om noen elever er naturtalenter og kan skrive et essay uten å planlegge noe særlig, trenger de fleste elevene en plan eller kladd til å jobbe med. Enten du bruker et tankekart , flytskjema eller du bare skriver ned nøkkelpunkter i planleggingsfasen, bør du prøve å visualisere avsnittene på siden og hvordan alt blir satt sammen .

Det er på dette stadiet, når du leker rundt med ideer og teorier, at du kan bestemme rekkefølgen poengene skal sorteres inn i . Gode essay kobler ofte sammen avsnittene på en naturlig måte, så ha dette i bakhodet når du sorterer poengene dine og planlegger hva teksten skal gå gjennom.

Det er mens du planlegger essayet at du gjør mesteparten av researchen rundt hva du skal skrive om. Du trenger kanskje å lese deler eller kapitler av lærebøkene dine på nytt, se over notater fra norsktimene, se på ressurser fra sider som NDLA, eller lete på nettet etter kritikk og tips du kan ta med når du skal skrive essay selv. Husk at essayet skal være engasjerende og interessant å lese, som disse eksemplene  fra ndla.

Husk at selv om essayet kan være subjektivt og personlig, skal det bygge på fakta og kunnskap. Gjør derfor nøye research; du kan spare mye tid på å finne kilder før du begynner å skrive. Om du planlegger hva du skal skrive på forhånd, så har du et godt utgangspunkt for essayet. Alt du trenger å gjøre da, er å utdype punktene med tankene dine.

Eksempel på oppsett av et essay

Om du prøver å skrive et essay i rekkefølgen du leser det, kommer du til å slite.  Selv om du kan planlegge hva du skal researche og inkludere, bør du fortsatt ha litt frie tøyler under selve skriveprosessen. Hvis ikke, kan essayet ende opp med å virke monotont og følelsesløst , noe som ikke passer sjangeren.

Her ser vi nærmere på hvordan du kan sette opp essayet ditt etter hvert som du kommer i skrivefasen. Hvis du trenger mer hjelp med å sette opp et essay, kan du finne lærere som tilbyr norskkurs hos Superprof.

Du bør begynne skrivingen med hoveddelen, som betyr å jobbe igjennom punktene i essayplanen og legge til detaljer, sitater og andre kilder som støtter dine punkter. Om du får noen nye ideer under denne delen, følg instinktet ditt og se hvor analysen tar deg.

Så lenge du ikke blir så distrahert at du kommer bort fra selve temaet av oppgaven, kan du fortsatt følge planen, selv med noen nye punkter. Du vet aldri om en av disse spontane endringene gjør at essayet ditt går fra godt til bedre!

Det har ingenting å si hvor lang tid det tar for deg å skrive essayet . Skriver du raskt, så klarer du kanskje å skrive 1500 ord på bare ett par timer. Det er også mulig å for eksempel skrive to-tre timer hver kveld i en uke, om det er en bedre løsning for deg. Her er det ingen fasit, så gjør hva som føles best for deg. Bare fordi andre bruker lenger eller kortere tid på essayene sine, betyr ikke dette at ditt arbeid er bedre eller dårligere.

Mange elever ønsker å bli så gode som mulig til å skrive tekster, slik at de kan fullføre norskfaget med god karakter. Les blant annet om hvordan daglige skriveøvelser kan forbedre dine språkferdigheter.

Hvordan skrive introduksjonen

Et godt skrivetips for essay er å skrive introduksjonen og konklusjonen til slutt, selv om det kanskje virker unaturlig. Introduksjonen til et essay forteller leseren hva du skal se på og gir dem en følelse av hvordan essayet blir.

Introduksjonen bør være nokså vag siden du ikke har forklart noen av punktene dine enda, og du vil jo ikke avsløre hva konklusjonen blir. Det viktigste er at introduksjonen leder til konklusjonen.

Hvordan avslutte et essay

Konklusjonen skal oppsummere hovedpoengene i hoveddelen, støttet av kilder du tidligere har nevnt. Det konkluderende avsnittet kan svare på spørsmålene som stilles i begynnelsen av essayet, men husk at du ikke nødvendigvis trenger å gi noen klare svar. Det er her du må være smart og tydelig med kildene du har brukt, og hvordan det støtter diskusjonen din på ulike måter.

Husk at introduksjonen og avslutningen er veldig tett knyttet og du bør derfor kunne lese dem sammen og se tydelig hvordan den ene svarer på spørsmålene i den andre. En tydelig fortelling med fornuft og forklaring er nøkkelen, som i en sirkelkomposisjon! Om konklusjonen ikke passer sammen med introduksjonen, bør du skrive om slik at du får en naturlig overgang fra begynnelse til slutt.

Hvis du kunne tenke deg litt ekstra hjelp med essaysjangeren, finnes det mange dyktige lærere. For hjelp fra privatlærer i nærheten av deg, kan du enkelt gå inn på Superprof.no og se oversikt over norskkurs i Trondheim , eller andre byer.

Flere tips til essayskriving

Lærere og sensorer er enig om at et godt essay består av flere ting. Noen ting de ser etter er blant annet en god innledende påstand, en interessant tolkning av temaet, en konklusjon som oppsummerer poengene tidligere nevnt i teksten og god grammatikk, vokabular og tegnsetting.

Ikke fullfør essayet ditt og legg det til side. Selv om du er glad for å endelig være ferdig, kan noen siste små endringer gjøre mye med teksten. Dette betyr å gå over og korrekturlese teksten flere ganger; først for å se etter skrivefeil du bør rette opp og deretter en siste gang for å sjekke flyten or rød tråd. Du kan også be en venn eller familiemedlem om å lese gjennom og gi deg konstruktiv kritikk.

Du bør også være klar over tone og perspektiv i essayet. Om du først bruker førstepersonsperspektiv, eller «jeg-form», bør du være konsekvent og bruke det ut hele teksten . Om essayet ditt blir markert som et originalt verk eller det er en tekst for skolen eller universitetet, bør du bruke sitater, kilder og referanser for å unngå plagiat.

Det kan være lurt å ha en synonymordbok, og en vanlig ordbok, tilgjengelig når du skriver essayet. Da kan du lettere bruke mer imponerende språk. Om du har et begrenset vokabular, kan du bruke en synonymordbok for å finne nye ord som passer din tone og skrivestil.

Føler du deg ikke helt ferdig med å lære om hvordan du kan skrive bedre tekster? Her kan du finne flere artikler om hvordan du kan forbedre skriveferdighetene . Lykke til med essayet!

Likte du denne artikkelen? Vurder den!

Hilde Gundersen

Hilde har en bachelor i oversetting og interkulturell kommunikasjon, og er veldig interessert i språk og kultur.

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Hvordan skrive essay

Kreativ sjanger

Se også Hvordan skrive kåseri  og Hvordan skrive novelle

SJEKKLISTE FOR SKRIVING AV ESSAY

• Jeg har spurt meg selv hva som er poenget med det jeg skriver om.
• Jeg har vært mer opptatt av å undre meg enn av å komme til en bestemt konklusjon .
• Jeg har nærmet meg emnet fra flere kanter, gransket det og prøvd å kaste lys over det fra en personlig synsvinkel.
• Jeg har unngått klisjéaktige tanker.
• Jeg har prøvd å samle refleksjonene mine i et paradoks, og jeg har unngått å skrive «Jeg mener….», «Jeg synes….», «Her føler jeg at det er riktig å …» osv.
• Jeg har skrevet ned episoder på en slik måte at leseren settes i en bestemt stemning.
• Jeg har knyttet refleksjoner til episoden(e) og bygget opp teksten slik at det er refleksjoner både før og etter episoden.
• Jeg har vært språklig bevisst, arbeidet med å formulere setninger som klinger godt, og jeg har brukt litterære virkemidler, for eksempel kontraster, språkbilder, ordspill og bokstavrim.
• Jeg har brukt ironi og humor uten å bli flåsete eller fleipete.
• Jeg har uttrykt meg muntlig og unngått uttrykk og setninger som ville være unaturlige å bruke i en samtale.
• Jeg har et tankevekkende innhold.
• Hovedideen min ligger hele tiden under teksten. Emnet er den røde tråden i teksten, men det kan være sidesprang.
• Jeg har overlatt til leseren å trekke konklusjoner.

Jens Bjørneboe var en fremragende essayist. Foto: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag

Essayet er en egen sjanger med mange muligheter. Ordet betyr «forsøk», og essayet var opprinnelig temmelig upretensiøst, men har utviklet seg til å bli en krevende sjanger. Mange store forfattere har brukt essaysjangeren, og i norsk litteratur var det Holberg som introduserte den i sine Epistler og Moralske Tanker. Norsk litteratur har en sterk essaytradisjon i begge målformer, og av kjente forfattere i det 20. århundre kan vi nevne fremragende essayister som Nils Kjær, Sigurd Hoel, Gunnar Heiberg, Johan Borgen, Odd Eidem og Jens Bjørneboe.

Et essay er gjerne bygget opp som en vandring i et emne, der poenget ikke er å komme frem til en bestemt konklusjon, løse et problem eller finne et svar, men å undre seg og å stille viktige spørsmål. Essayet er som en undrende samtale, og forfatteren er mer interessert i å få leserne i tale enn å overbevise dem. Forfatteren har likevel en idé, noe han vil formidle til leseren, men i stedet for å si rett ut hva han mener, velger han en indirekte metode, som går ut på å få leseren til selv å tenke.

I et essay gjelder ikke kravet om nøytralitet og balanse på samme måte som i artikkelsjangeren. Forfatteren kan gjerne være personlig, men bastant skal man ikke være. Undringen ligger under teksten. Et essay begynner eller konkluderer ikke med «Jeg mener» eller «Jeg synes», slik det ofte er tilfellet i leserbrev. Derimot vil man ofte finne spørsmål. Mange essays er bygd rundt et paradoks, en tilsynelatende motsetning, som viser seg å være sann. (Eksempel på et paradoks: «Det er den som farer vild, som finder nye veje» (Nils Kjær)).

Til sitt formål bruker forfatteren flere litterære og språklige virkemidler, og essayet passer for den som liker å leke med språket og skrive poengterte, personlige fremstillinger. Forfatteren er ofte kritisk og ironisk – ja, ironien har gjerne en sentral plass, for man spissformulerer seg gjerne og setter ting på hodet.

Også komposisjonen er viktig, for et essay er bare tilsynelatende en springende og tilfeldig tekst. Her gjelder det mer enn ellers med Egon Olsen «å ha en plan». Forfatteren må vite i hvilken retning han vil lede leseren.

Forfatteren av essayet tar ofte utgangspunkt i et forhold eller en situasjon som setter tankene i sving.

Ofte blir leseren «invitert» til å utforske emnet sammen med forfatteren. Forfatteren kommenterer og stiller spørsmål og er på bølgelengde med leseren.

Hvordan skal man skrive et essay?

Noen elever trives som fisken i vannet i denne sjangeren, mens andre henfaller til poengløst prat. Essayet krever av deg at du har kunnskap om og innsikt i stoffet du skal behandle, så løst snakk nytter ikke. Den som skriver, kan forutsette kunnskaper og innsikt også hos leseren, så man behøver ikke være pedagogisk, forklare i detalj og mate leseren med teskje. De gode formuleringene og et kunstnerisk uttrykk er nødvendig i et godt essay.

Trives du som fisken i vannet i essaysjangeren, eller henfaller du til poengløst prat? Foto: Fotolia

Du må selv vite hvilket eller hvilke poenger du ønsker å fremheve før du begynner å skrive. Et essay inneholder gjerne episoder, anekdoter, personlige refleksjoner, assosiasjoner og tankesprang, men hovedideen din skal hele tiden ligge under teksten.

Oppgaveformuleringen vil hjelpe deg i gang. Et tankekart kan være en god begynnelse. Der kan du skrive ned alle salgs ideer og assosiasjoner, episoder, poengterte formuleringer, momenter og ordtak. Så må du ta en runde med deg selv og bevisst velge:

a) Hovedidé, poenger du vil fremheve.

b) Hvilke språklige virkemidler du ønsker å bruke eller legge vekt på for å nå frem til leseren: gjentagelse, kontrast, språklige bilder, overraskende formuleringer, spørsmål, bokstavrim, ordspill?

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Hva er et essay?

"Storebror" til kåseriet

Kåseriet og essayet har flere likhetstrekk. Både kåsøren og essayisten behandler emnet sitt på en subjektiv måte. Begge har meninger og synspunkter de vil fremme, og begge legger vekt på en bevisst, gjennomarbeida språkbruk.

Kåseriet er opprinnelig en muntlig sjanger, og vi forventer derfor at språket skal ha et lett og muntlig preg. Essayet derimot har alltid vært en skriftlig tekst. Essayisten behandler dessuten emnet på en grundigere måte enn kåsøren.

Utprøvende skriving

Et essay kan handle om vitenskapelige, filosofiske, litterære, moralske eller mer hverdagslige emner. Formålet er å nærme seg emnet fra ulike retninger. Den som skriver et essay om kjærlighet, kan for eksempel trekke inn egne observasjoner, dikt og annen skjønnlitteratur, ordtak, filosofiske refleksjoner eller forskningsresultater fra samfunns- eller naturvitenskapen.

Essayforfatteren prøver seg fram, uten strenge krav til vitenskapelig metode, logisk rekkefølge eller fullstendig argumentasjon. Leseren får ta del i en tankeprosess og blir med på forfatterens vandring gjennom emnet.

En essayist har synspunkter og argumenterer for dem, men målet er ikke nødvendigvis å komme fram til en klar konklusjon. Selve vandringa gjennom emnet er like viktig som målet. Essayforfatteren er mest opptatt av å vise utenkte sammenhenger, han vil overraske og tvinge leseren til å tenke selv.

Vekt på det språklige uttrykket

Et annet viktig krav til essayet er at forfatteren vandrer med stil. Essayisten skal leke med språket og utnytte de virkemidlene som fins. Han står også fritt til å velge oppbygning og rekkefølge i teksten. Ofte kan det se ut som om forfatteren bare følger de assosiasjonene han får underveis i tenkeprosessen. Likevel har han alltid en plan, og det som virker tilfeldig, er i virkeligheten nøye gjennomtenkt.

"Essayet har fantasien felles med diktekunsten og begrepa felles med vitskapsprosaen." (Grepstad, 1997, s.233)

Krav til forfatter og leser

Essayisten skal være kritisk til vedtatte sannheter og allmenne oppfatninger. Han må ha erfaring og kunnskaper nok til å få leseren interessert, og han forutsetter ofte at også leseren er en kunnskapsrik person.

To hovedtyper

Helt siden essaysjangeren ble skapt på 1500-tallet, har det vært et klart skille mellom to hovedtyper: det personlige essayet og saksessayet. Begge essaytypene har derfor en lang tradisjon, samtidig som de selvsagt også har forandra og utvikla seg gjennom 400 år.

Den franske filosofen og forfatteren Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592) var den første som kalte tekstene sine for essais (forsøk). Han regnes som skaperen av det personlige essayet. Francis Bacon (1561–1626), engelsk filosof og forfatter, blir sett på som skaperen av saksessayet.

I saksessayet får den saklige argumentasjonen nokså stor plass. Over tid har framstillingsformen i saksessayet nærmet seg den vitenskapelige artikkelen mer og mer, med strengere krav til kildehenvisninger og upersonlig språkbruk.

Personlig essay

Det personlige essayet gir større rom for forfatterens subjektive refleksjoner. Forfatteren har likevel ikke rollen som privatperson, han skal være en kunnskapsrik formidler. Å trekke inn personlige erfaringer er derfor ikke noe mål i seg selv, erfaringene må belyse emnet på linje med annen informasjon forfatteren tar med i teksten sin.

En sjanger for de få – eller for alle?

Johan Tønnesson, professor i sakprosa ved Universitetet i Oslo, omtaler essayet i boka Hva er sakprosa? (2008). Han mener blant annet at en del essayforfattere først og fremst skriver for et lite, akademisk utdanna publikum. De er mer opptatt av å høste anerkjennelse hos denne lille lesergruppa enn av å nå ut til større grupper. Dette synes Tønnesson er beklagelig, for mange flere burde få oppleve gleden ved å lese og skrive essay.

Tønnesson ser det dessuten som mindre viktig å følge noen tradisjonell, akademisk sjangeroppskrift til punkt og prikke. Derimot er han opptatt av det han kaller den essayistiske skrivemåten: en utprøvende stil, med vekt på god språklig utforming. En slik skrivemåte kan også brukes i andre sakprosatekster, ikke bare når en skriver essay.

Grepstad, O. (1997) Det litterære skattkammer . Oslo: Det Norske Samlaget

Tønnesson, Johan L. 2008. Hva er sakprosa? Oslo: Universitetsforlaget

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Øving for deg som skal ta Norskprøven nivå B1-B2!

How to pass Norskprøven B1 to B2: tips and tricks

Norskprøven level B1–B2 is a demanding exam. Here you will find some tips and tricks for the different parts of Norskprøven level B1–B2 and some tips that are good to have with you on the actual exam day.

General tips and tricks for Norskprøven

It is difficult to specify how long it is necessary to study the Norwegian language in order to be ready for Norskprøven level B1–B2. It varies from person to person, as our ability to learn languages is different. Remember that B1–B2 is a high level, so it is wise to sign up for a physical or online course that has a similar level.

It is also possible to use training material that prepares you for that level, but this is up to you. It is always a good idea to read Norwegian newspapers, books and listen to the news on TV or radio. This gives you good training for the reading comprehension and listening comprehension tasks. The writing test requires that you master grammar and spelling, and that you have a rich vocabulary. In this exam, you write a coherent text about a topic. Here you have to try to write as much as possible, but also as correctly as possible. It's always a good idea to have someone proofread your text so you understand where you can improve.

The test takes approx. four hours. It's quite a long time where you have to be concentrated, so it's a good idea to have a good breakfast on the day of the exam. Be careful not eat anything too heavy, because then the body will focus on digesting the food instead of having 100% focus on thinking and solving tasks. If there is a break of a few minutes between the exam parts, use the break to eat a little or relax.

The links to the tips below will take you to our database, where you have to be a member to access all the tasks. If you are not a member, but want to see how the tasks are structured, try our free sample test.

Specific tips and tricks to the assignments in Norskprøven level B1–B2

Tips for the reading assignments.

The reading part lasts a maximum of 75 minutes. Here, the duration will vary based on your language level. The reading part is adaptive, and your progress in the exam is based on the number of correct answers in the preliminary exam(s). Here the assignments are made up of preliminary exam questions, as is for the listening comprehension tasks. You can get one, two or three preliminary exams and one main exam. As previously mentioned, some candidates may have one preliminary and one main exam, while others will have two or three preliminary and one main exams. This depends on how well you answer the assignments. You get more questions the more correct answers you give. Below you can see a figure that explains this in terms of Norskprøven. Note that this is only an example

When you complete the reading part, you can go back and forth between the tasks in each section by clicking the previous and next buttons on the screen. You must confirm that you want to proceed to the next part, but note that you cannot go back and forth between completed parts.

At level B1–B2, you must be able to:

• find information
• understand details
• read between the lines
• connect information
• understand the main points
• understand the meaning of words in context
• understand the context of texts

At level B1, one must understand the main content and details of clear and simple texts and familiar topics related to, for example, school, work, home and leisure. You are also expected to be able to understand short public documents and letters.

At level B2, you must be able to understand main points and details from different types of texts on a wide range of subjects, and perceive points of view and attitudes.

The assignments here on Norskproven.com test all the above points, but also your grammar skills and your vocabulary. Some of the tasks have been created with the intention of measuring your ability to read between the lines, but also to understand the context of the text so that the solution is correct in its entirety. Many of our customers say that this task has given them quite a challenge, but also that they have benefited greatly from it, as you can see how difficult the task can be.

We at Norskproven.com believe that it is better for you to be given more difficult tasks during practice, because then it will be easier for you when you have to take the exam itself.

Tips for reading comprehension B1–B2

• Familiarise yourself with the format of the assignments, and what you have to do in each task.
• Remember that the first paragraph in «Flytt avsnitt» cannot be moved.
• Read carefully the different answer options in «Flervalgsoppgaver» – lang og kort og «Lukeoppgave».
• Read the text in its entirety to understand the context.
• Do not be put off by difficult words. You do not need to know all words.

Tips for the listening part

The purpose of listening comprehension is to measure your ability to understand information and then use the information to solve a task. This part lasts from 30 to 60 minutes, as the time spent varies based on each individual's language level. The listening part is also adaptive. Try not to focus on how long this part lasts when you take the exam.

In the exam, the listening part is made up of one, two or three preliminary tests and one main test. Some may get one preliminary and one main test, and others may get two or three preliminary and one main test. The more correct answers you give, the more preliminary tests and more difficult tasks you will get. In addition, the test lasts longer.

You will be guided through the entire part and will not receive a warning when transitioning between the preliminary and the main tests. You get to hear the tasks at level A1 to B1 twice while tasks at level B2 will be played only once. This will be announced at the exam. Note that you cannot go back and forth between the tasks during the listening comprehension part.

According to information from Kompetanse Norge, headphones are used during the listening part. We at Norskproven.com, on the other hand, recommend doing some of the exercises here on the website using a loudspeaker, as the tasks will be more challenging for you.

Listening comprehension level B1–B2 tests your ability to:

• understand the text context
• perceive attitudes
• understand details.

The difference between levels B1 and B2 of the listening test is as follows: At level B1, you must understand simple information regarding every day or work-related topics, and you must perceive both main messages and details when spoken clearly. If you are to achieve level B2, you must understand details of what it is said in a standardized spoken language, and in addition perceive information, views and attitudes in lectures, news and other presentations. At level B1, you must understand content from familiar topics, such as work, school and free time. It is expected that the main content of news is also grasped. At level B2, on the other hand, it is expected that one is able to understand complex lines of argument if the matter is known and the structure is clear. You should also be able to understand dialects when the speaker moderates the language somewhat.

The listening tasks here at Norskproven.com are tailored and test all the points above, so that actual exam will be easier for you. Norskproven.com offers listening exercises in several dialects, and in addition the level is B2–C1.

Tips for Listening Comprehension B1–B2

• Read carefully through the different alternatives.
• Remember that there is only one correct answer.
• Listen to the messages using a loudspeaker if you want to make the task more difficult and if you are used to using headphones.
• Don't be put off by difficult words. You don't need to know all words.

Tips for the writing part

The writing part measures your written communication skills. You are assessed both according to communication criteria, how the various tasks are solved, and linguistic criteria - both breadth and degree of control.

You have 120 minutes at your disposal at level B1–B2. You will get the tasks on the screen and have to enter the answer on the computer. The answer is finally delivered electronically. There is no opportunity to print your written text at the end or after the exam.

During your practice, it is strongly recommended that you switch off the automatic correction function of the writing program you use, so that the practice is as realistic as possible.

Level B1–B2 contains two tasks of varying difficulty. You must answer both tasks to get a result.

During the exam, the examiner usually announces when only 15 minutes are left to the end. Another announcement is made 5 minutes before the end. You will receive a confirmation of the delivered written part. You have to also sign the attendance list in the field for "delivered test" before you leave the exam room. It is not allowed to take notes out of the room.

You can leave the room early, but not before 15 minutes have passed since the exam has started. The written part consists of Assignment 1 (Uttrykke egne meninger) and Assignment 2 (Argumentere).

Your communication skills are measured during the test. In this context, it means how you solve the writing assignment. You are not assessed on the basis of opinions and factual knowledge. What is assessed, however, is whether you have the language skills needed to do what the task requires.

On task A at B1 level, you must be able to answer the task and express your views on the given topic and give some reasons for these.

At B2 level, your views on the given subject must be clearly stated, and in addition you must justify these.

When it comes to task B at B1 level, you must be able to write relatively clearly about the subject and express your views, but the reasoning and argumentation may be a little unclear and lacking.

At B2 level, you must be able to write clearly and factually about the subject. In addition, you must be able to write a reasoned text in which your views and arguments are clearly presented. Here, the arguments can be a little unclear in some places.

Tips for Writing B1–B2

• Remember that you must choose only one topic in Assignment 2 (Argumentere).
• Stay within the task formulation. This is very important, as you can get a deduction if you are far from the task formulation.
• It is important to note that writing correct Norwegian is more important than what your own opinion is.
• To introduce the topic, you can use other facts or general information that you know about the topic.
• Your text in Assignment 2 (Argumentere) must contain an introduction where you have to present the topic. The next section must be used to discuss the topic and express your opinion and your arguments for it.
• Do not submit your text until you have read over it one or more times to check for errors.
• The text should be coherent and easy to follow. It is a good idea to use conjunctions, but be careful not to use the same conjunctions too often.
• Spelling and punctuation (use of periods and commas) are important. Double consonants, large differences between speech and writing and skj/sj/kj-combinations can be particularly challenging.
• Variation and precision with regard to words and expressions is important to show a broad vocabulary.
• Be careful with the conjugation of nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verbs.
• Watch out for sentence structure and grammatical deviations.
• Make sure that the communication is clear and factual.

What is our best tip for passing Norskprøven?

Do as many practice assignments as possible, privacy overview.

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Crafting a Scholarship Essay that Stands Out: Tips and Techniques

Table of Contents

Scholarship essays often represent a critical opportunity for students to stand out in a sea of applicants. Crafting a compelling and memorable scholarship essay requires a unique combination of storytelling, self-reflection, and strategic presentation of one’s achievements. Here are some methods and insights to help students create a scholarship essay that captures attention and leaves a lasting impact.

Understand the Prompt

Before putting pen to paper, it is crucial to fully understand the essay prompt. Scholarship committees design essay prompts to assess applicants’ fit with the scholarship criteria, values, and goals. Whether the prompt asks about personal achievements, experiences that shaped their life, or future aspirations, a clear comprehension of the question is the first step towards a successful essay.

Brainstorming and Outlining

Once the prompt is crystal clear, brainstorming ideas is the next step. Students should reflect on their lives, including significant events, challenges, and accomplishments that align with the topic. Creating a mind map or a list of potential points to include can help organize thoughts systematically.

An outline serves as a roadmap for the essay, ensuring that it flows logically from introduction to conclusion. A typical structure might include an engaging introduction, a few paragraphs detailing specific experiences or accomplishments, and a strong conclusion that ties everything together.

Start with a Captivating Introduction

First impressions matter, especially in writing. The introduction should grab the reader’s attention right away. Beginning with an anecdote, a powerful quote, or a thought-provoking question can intrigue the reader and set the tone for the rest of the essay. A well-crafted introduction provides a glimpse of the essay’s direction and entices the reader to continue reading.

Be Authentic and Personal

Authenticity is key in a scholarship essay. Committee members can distinguish between genuine expressions and generic statements. Sharing personal experiences, emotions, and thoughts can make the essay more relatable and engaging. It’s essential to communicate one’s true self, as authenticity fosters a stronger connection with the reader.

Highlight Achievements and Experiences

While discussing achievements is important, it’s equally crucial to show how those achievements were attained. Instead of merely listing accomplishments, students should detail the journey, challenges faced, and lessons learned. Connecting achievements to personal growth or future goals can add depth to the essay.

Demonstrate Passion and Motivation

Scholarship committees are often interested in a candidate’s passion and drive. Showing enthusiasm for one’s field of study or future career can be compelling. Discussing what motivates or inspires them, and how the scholarship will help achieve their goals, can make their essay resonate with evaluators.

Use Clear and Concise Language

Scholarship essays should be easy to read and understand. Using clear, concise language ensures that ideas are communicated effectively. Avoiding overly complex sentences or unnecessary jargon can keep the reader engaged. Each sentence should serve a purpose and contribute to the overall narrative.

Include Specific Examples

Specific examples can make abstract qualities more tangible. Rather than saying "I am a leader," describing a specific scenario where they demonstrated leadership can be far more impactful. Concrete examples provide evidence of character traits and skills, making the essay more convincing.

Show, Don’t Just Tell

The adage “show, don’t tell” is particularly pertinent in scholarship essays. Instead of stating that they are hardworking, students should illustrate a situation that required perseverance and dedication. Using descriptive language to paint a picture helps the reader visualize experiences and understand their significance.

Revise and Proofread

After completing the initial draft, revising is necessary to refine the essay. Students should review their essay multiple times, focusing on clarity, coherence, and consistency. Seeking feedback from teachers, mentors, or peers can provide valuable insights and highlight areas that need improvement.

Proofreading is equally important to eliminate grammatical errors, typos, and stylistic inconsistencies. A polished essay reflects attention to detail and professionalism, which can positively influence the reader’s perception.

Adhere to the Guidelines

Each scholarship has specific guidelines, including word count, formatting, and submission requirements. Adhering to these guidelines is crucial, as failure to comply can result in disqualification. Carefully reading and following instructions demonstrates respect for the application process and attention to detail.

Convey Financial Need (If Applicable)

For need-based scholarships, clearly articulating financial need can be a decisive factor. Being honest and detailed about their financial situation, without exaggerating or downplaying it, helps committees understand the applicant’s context. Explaining how receiving the scholarship would alleviate financial burdens and enable educational pursuits can strengthen their application.

Highlight Community Involvement and Leadership

Many scholarships value community involvement and leadership qualities. Discussing volunteer work, participation in community projects, or leadership roles in school or extracurricular activities can illustrate a commitment to making a positive impact. Highlighting these experiences demonstrates a well-rounded character and a sense of responsibility.

Express Gratitude and Forward-Looking Vision

Concluding the essay with a note of gratitude towards the scholarship committee for their time and consideration can leave a positive impression. Additionally, outlining a forward-looking vision, detailing how the scholarship will help achieve future goals, can reinforce the purpose and aspirations behind the application.

Practice Integrity

Maintaining honesty and integrity throughout the essay is paramount. Exaggerations or falsehoods can be detrimental if discovered. Authenticity and sincerity not only build credibility but also reflect moral integrity, a quality highly valued by scholarship committees.

Stay Positive

Throughout the essay, maintaining a positive and optimistic tone can be inspiring. Even when discussing challenges or adversities, focusing on the positive outcomes and lessons learned can create a more uplifting and motivational narrative.

Tailor Each Essay

While it might be tempting to use the same essay for multiple scholarships, tailoring each essay to align with the specific values and criteria of each scholarship can make a significant difference. Customizing content signals to the committee that the applicant has invested time in understanding what the scholarship stands for and how they embody those qualities.

Success Through Storytelling

Ultimately, a successful scholarship essay is one that tells a compelling story. Weaving together experiences, achievements, aspirations, and personal reflections into a cohesive narrative can captivate the reader and convey the essence of the applicant.

Emphasizing Growth and Potential

Scholarship committees often look for candidates with potential for growth and contributions to their field or community. Describing how past experiences have prepared them for future challenges and opportunities can underline their readiness to take on new endeavors and make meaningful contributions.

A Final Thought

Crafting a scholarship essay that stands out requires thoughtful preparation, self-reflection, and meticulous attention to detail. By understanding the prompt, being authentic, using clear language, and illustrating experiences with specific examples, students can create a compelling narrative that resonates with scholarship committees. Staying true to one’s unique journey, goals, and motivations will make the essay not only stand out but also truly shine.

We also recommend reading the following:

• How to Choose the Right University for Your Career Field & Not Be Wait-Listed
• How can I apply for a scholarship to study in EU without passing on some campus of some countries of EU?
• Please I am in search for a full funded scholarship, can you give me a link?

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Personal Narrative Essay

Personal narrative essay generator.

Writing a personal narrative essay is sometimes confused with writing some things in your diary. Well, it’s not merely just that. Although narrative essays tell instances in your life, these instances are meant to deliver an impactful point or two to your audience. The instances that can be cited in this type of essays don’t really have to be extremely rare and anything mundane can also be written on it.

• Evolution Essay Samples
• Descriptive Essay Samples

Personal narrative essays can be written as a means to point out the activities in our mundane life and painting them in another light. From sharp observations, significant questions which should not be ignored can then be formulated. Subsequently, a growing curiosity transforms into an individual need that compels the individual to learn and familiarize the principles on a certain matter. If there are struggles you wish to overcome when writing a personal narrative essay, reading the content of this article will definitely be a big help. Furthermore, we offer sample narrative essays which you may download and use as references to keep you guided. You may also see the  comparative essay samples .

Tips for Writing your Personal Narrative Essay

There are struggles that can easily be eliminated when you are in the early stages of writing your personal narrative essay. Surely, just thinking about creating one for a school project, special events, or for your personal blogs makes you already think about the possible hardships that will be inevitably faced. And, that’s when you may get frantic every minute. Stop your worries and check the list of tips below for you to come up with a perspective-widening output:

• Choose an instance in your life that has affected your outlook on life . Rare or special occasions of your life must be cited in your essay as this is the essence of a personal narrative essay. As what has been mentioned above, the situation doesn’t really have to be at all special or rare for there are still ideas that are often disregarded as significant. The aim of the essay is to educate the audience about the things or ideas that they may have missed or had never given the chance to think about. Through this, you then allow your audience to know how difficult or life-changing it must have been for you. If your speech discusses mainly on sensitive topics such as LGBTQ affairs and you have an audience who despises the course, your personal narrative essay can bend their thoughts and beliefs about the subject. Since the instance is not a preconceived idea, it will be a lot easier for people who despise the concept of certain matters to educate them.
• Organize your thoughts . Imagining what points you are going to point out can bombard you with seemingly infinite ideas that make penning all these ideas difficult. To organize your thoughts, you can get a scratch paper and list down all your ideas. Once you have done so, you can rank the ideas that you want to share with the crowd. An output that displays an organized thought does not leave your audience confused due to ambiguities. These ambiguities refer to what your speech may suggest though you don’t have any intentions to do so. Needless to say, your personal narrative essay’s points and ideas can be simply nullified. Keep a clear mind and don’t lose your main point when your mind is bombarded with relevant and seemingly relevant ideas.
• Write and edit later. Now that you have ranked your points, start writing them on a scratch paper and concern yourself with the grammatical errors later on. This is so for you not to miss points that enter your stream of consciousness as you write. For example, after writing your introduction you check your work to see if you have missed writing some words or have committed some grammatical errors. As you proceed to write your next paragraph you might be stressed from re-grouping your thoughts– and possibly be exasperated if you forget the words you were going to use to effectively back your points up. Don’t be too conscious of your grammatical errors for there is a time for that.
• Minimize your usage of big words. Never sugarcoat your points by adding too many fancy words on your essay. If you really want everyone to understand the points you like to impart to your audience, you have to make sure that they understand every word you say without looking at the thesaurus and dictionary. Keeping it simple at the same time comprehensible makes it easy for you to persuade your audience. Putting too many fancy words in your essay and unnecessary fillers bores the crowd out and would only wait for your speech to end. Big words do not display your level of intelligence. It’s not like you cannot simplify overwrought statements that seem unfathomable to others.
• In citing a situation, spill the details to paint a vivid imagery. For you to perfectly persuade your audience, you have to make them feel how a situation was like. And the only way you can do that is by telling them a story. Everyone loves a story after all. Allowing your emotions to flow as you tell them the story of a certain situation that happened to you makes the crowd sympathize naturally. From this, your chance of the widening your audience’s perspectives increases. For example, “ It was on a mid summer’s day, at an almost abandoned theme park where my best friend, who turned out to be my worst enemy, encountered. The feeling sent chills to my back and sadness to my heart,” allows the audience to think how things happened. Whereas, “ The encounter with my best friend who then turned out to be my worst enemy was truly unpleasant, ” which is not very effective when appealing to the emotions of your audience.
• Insert intellectual sayings or philosophies to justify your claims. Inserting relevant quotations and intellectual sayings is one of the best ways that justify your claims. Through this, your points can be easily inculcated to your audience. You just have to make sure you don’t interpret the quotations you choose, most especially the philosophies where misinterpretations are most common. Furthermore, adding famous sayings and quotations can breed to other ideas or lead to other points. Having stated this, the chance of facing arguments that counter your points decreases drastically; thereby, making your audience consider all of your points.

A personal narrative essay is one of the best tools to stop social issues that are often disregarded. For example, when a victim of stereotyping writes down all he or she feels each time he or she is mocked by her oppressors and expresses this in the means of publishing an essay about it and share it on various social media sites. It is through this approach that your audience becomes aware of how a victim feels. If sharp-witted and humanely written, stereotyping will decline as other’s personal narrative essays already have. You have to commit to memory how words are enough to convert anyone for the good or the other way around. If you are troubled with expressing your sentiments to anyone, write it. And, make it known.

Text prompt

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Write a Personal Narrative Essay on a challenge that tested your strength.

Create a Personal Narrative Essay about achieving a personal goal.

5 Books About The College Application Process To Read This Summer

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In the increasingly competitive landscape of top college admissions, strategy and preparation are critical for crafting a standout application. The process of planning high school coursework, selecting extracurriculars, writing essays, and navigating financial aid can be overwhelming and stressful — even taking a toll on the relationship between students and their parents. However, with the right resources, families can recover the joy and excitement that comes with entering this new phase of a student’s journey.

Whether a student is preparing to start their freshman or senior year of high school in the fall, summer is an optimal time for students and their families to educate themselves about the college admissions process. If you’re lounging poolside or passing time on a flight, bring along the following books for engaging and instructive perspectives on the college admissions process:

1. The Truth about College Admission: A Family Guide to Getting In and Staying Together by Brennan Barnard and Rick Clark

In The Truth about College Admission , Brennan Barnard, a college counselor, and Rick Clark, then the director of undergraduate admissions at Georgia Tech, provide a refreshing and honest look at the college application process. The book emphasizes maintaining family harmony and reducing stress while navigating the complexities of college admissions. With a focus on fostering open communication and realistic expectations, Barnard and Clark offer invaluable insights for both students and their families. For those who are hungry for more information, the authors also host a podcast with the same name, bringing together expert guests to share their insights on the college admissions process.

2. The Exceptional Applicant: For College Admission, You Don't Have to Be Perfect, You Just Have to Be Original by Deborah Bedor

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Deborah Bedor’s The Exceptional Applicant is a strategic guide aimed at high-achieving students aspiring to join the ranks at Ivy League and other top universities. A seasoned college admissions consultant, Bedor offers targeted insights to help students in every stage of the process develop an admissions strategy and craft an original and compelling profile. The book covers everything from selecting extracurricular activities to writing compelling essays and preparing for interviews. Bedor's insights are particularly valuable for students seeking to articulate their unique voice and perspective in an increasingly competitive admissions landscape.

3. Who Gets In and Why: A Year Inside College Admissions by Jeffrey Selingo

In Who Gets In and Why , journalist Jeffrey Selingo takes readers behind the college admissions curtain at Emory University, Davidson College, and the University of Washington to reveal insights into the secrets and nuances of the admissions process. Through meticulous reporting and interviews with admissions officers, Selingo reveals the strategies and decisions that admissions committees use to shape each incoming class. The book provides a nuanced understanding of what colleges are looking for in applicants and offers practical advice for students aiming to stand out. Selingo’s articulation of admissions officers’ processes makes this book an eye-opening read for students and parents embarking on the college admissions process.

4. On Writing the College Application Essay: The Key to Acceptance at the College of Your Choice by Harry Bauld

Harry Bauld’s On Writing the College Application Essay is a classic guide that has helped countless students craft essays that stand out in the decades since its original publication in 1987. A former admissions officer at Brown and Columbia, Bauld provides an insider’s perspective on what makes an essay memorable. The book offers practical tips on brainstorming, writing, and revising essays, as well as avoiding common pitfalls. Bauld’s lighthearted and engaging style makes this a must-read for any student facing the daunting task of writing their college application essays this summer.

5. Where You Go Is Not Who You'll Be: An Antidote to the College Admissions Mania by Frank Bruni

For families seeking an alternative to the frenzied culture of college admissions preparation, New York Times columnist Frank Bruni offers a more nuanced approach to the process, challenging the conventional wisdom that people’s future success is determined by the prestige of the colleges they attend. In Where You Go Is Not Who You'll Be , Bruni argues that the obsession with elite institutions is misplaced and that students can achieve success and fulfillment at a wide range of schools. A Times review of Bruni’s book states : “He doesn’t deny the networking value of attending a prestigious college — especially for those with the dubious dream of working on Wall Street — but he knows that this value is overstated, that the exhilaration of winning the prize is often a prelude to exhaustion, and that on every elite college campus the mental-health services are overstretched.” Bruni’s thought-provoking book provides a much-needed perspective to free students and parents caught up in the “mania” of college admissions—or to save them from getting caught up in it in the first place.

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Impulsive and Hyperactive? It Doesn’t Mean You Have A.D.H.D.

Many other conditions have similar symptoms, experts say, so avoid the pull of self-diagnosis.

By Christina Caron

The 6-year-old boy sitting across from Douglas Tynan, a child and adolescent clinical psychologist based in Delaware, clearly did not have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Dr. Tynan was sure of that. But the boy’s first-grade teacher disagreed.

He could be inattentive in class, but at home his behavior wasn’t out of the ordinary for a child his age. A voracious reader, he told Dr. Tynan that he liked to bring his own books to school because the ones in class were too easy.

What his teacher had not considered was that the child was most likely academically gifted, as his mother had been as a child, Dr. Tynan said. (Studies have shown that Black children, like the boy in his office, are less likely to be identified for gifted programs.)

Further testing revealed that Dr. Tynan was correct. The child wasn’t inattentive in school because of A.D.H.D. It was because he was bored.

A.D.H.D. is a neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in childhood and typically involves inattention, disorganization, hyperactivity and impulsivity that cause trouble in two or more settings, like at home and at school.

But those symptoms — for children and adults alike — can overlap with a multitude of other traits and disorders. In fact, difficulty concentrating is one of the most common symptoms listed in the American Psychiatric Association’s diagnostic manual, and it’s associated with 17 diagnoses, according to a study published in April.

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