n (%)
Present study [ Table/Fig-2 ] reveals the association between different socio-demographic profile and perception of need of sex education among adolescents; it shows that majority of adolescents 695 (93.5%) favour sex education. However, boys 374 (97.1%) were more likely to favour sex education as compared to girls 321 (89.7%). It was found that adolescents with higher age group, belongs to urban area and private school with higher SES favours sex education in school. It was considered statistically significant.
Perception of sex education according to their socio-demographic profile of adolescents.
Variables | Yes | No | Total | χ (p-value) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age group (years) | ||||
13-14 | 138 (87.3%) | 20 (12.7 %) | 158 (100%) | 18.206 (p≤0.001) |
15-16 | 273 (92.9%) | 21 (7.1 %) | 294 (100%) | |
17-18 | 251 (97.7 %) | 6 (2.3%) | 257 (100%) | |
>19 | 33 (97.1%) | 1 (2.9%) | 34 (100%) | |
Sex | ||||
Boys | 374 (97.1%) | 11 (2.9%) | 385 (100%) | 18.1 (p≤0.001) |
Girls | 321 (89.7%) | 37 (10.3%) | 358 (100%) | |
Type of school | ||||
Government | 406 (91.0%) | 40 (9.0%) | 446 (100%) | 11.617 (p=0.001) |
Private | 289 (97.3%) | 8 (2.7%) | 297 (100%) | |
Place of school | ||||
Rural | 332 (91.7%) | 30 (8.3 %) | 362 (100%) | 3.899 (p=0.048) |
Urban | 363 (95.3%) | 18 (4.7%) | 381(100%) | |
Class | ||||
9 | 121 (84.6%) | 22 (15.4%) | 143 (100%) | 33.899 (p<0.001) |
10 | 184 (91.1%) | 18 (8.9%) | 202 (100%) | |
11 | 198 (98.0%) | 4 (2.0 %) | 202 (100%) | |
12 | 192 (97.9%) | 4(2.1%) | 196 (100%) | |
Type of family | ||||
Joint | 344 (91.7%) | 31 (8.3%) | 375 (100%) | 4.088 (p=0.043) |
Nuclear | 351 (95.4%) | 17 (4.6 %) | 368 (100%) | |
Socio-economic status | ||||
I | 83 (98.8%) | 1 (1.2%) | 84 (100%) | 30.022 (p<0.001) |
II | 153 (98.0%) | 3 (2.0 %) | 156 (100%) | |
III | 198 (93.8%) | 13 (6.2%) | 211 (100%) | |
IV | 96 (90.6%) | 10 (9.4%) | 106 (100%) | |
V | 165 (88.7%) | 21 (11.3%) | 186 (100%) |
[ Table/Fig-3 ] reveals the reason for sex education among adolescents, out of 695 adolescents who are in favour of sex education, 600 (86.3%) said sex education can prevent the occurrence of AIDS, whereas 396 (57.0%) removes myth, 373 (53.7%) believe knowledge of sex makes future life easy, 275 (39.5%) thought that protects from other diseases and 102 (13.7%) don’t give any reason for sex education.
Perception of the reasons of sex education among adolescents (n=695).
Reason for sex education | Boys | Girls | Total* |
---|---|---|---|
Prevent the occurrence of AIDS | 344(49.5%) | 256(36.8%) | 600(86.3%) |
Protect from other disease | 158(22.7%) | 117(16.8%) | 275(39.5%) |
Knowledge of sex makes future life easy | 209(30.1%) | 164(23.6%) | 373(53.7%) |
Remove myth | 236(34.0%) | 160(23.0%) | 396(57.0%) |
Need of their age | 156(22.4%) | 119(17.1%) | 275(39.5%) |
Not stated | 20(2.7%) | 82(11.0%) | 102(13.7%) |
(*Multiple responses)
[ Table/Fig-4 ] reveals that majority of adolescents thought 615 (86.9%) sex education and STDs, 581 (82.2%) menstruation and its hygiene, 512 (72.3%) changes occurring during puberty and 503 (71.0%) drug abuse was the most common topic that should be discussed in class. However, 349 (49.4%) urban adolescents thought menstrual and its hygiene topic and about 280 (39.5%) rural adolescents sex education and STDs related topic should discuss in class.
Perception of students about content of sex education.
Topic should discuss in class | No. of responses | ||
---|---|---|---|
Rural | Urban | Total * | |
Changes occurring during puberty | 178(25.1%) | 334(47.2%) | 512(72.3%) |
Menstruation and its hygiene | 232(32.8%) | 349(49.4%) | 581(82.2%) |
Birth spacing and contraception | 217(30.7%) | 249(35.2%) | 466(65.9%) |
Maternal and child health | 261(37.0%) | 201(28.5%) | 462(65.4%) |
Sex education and STDs | 280(39.5%) | 335(47.3%) | 615(86.9%) |
Drug abuse | 259(36.6%) | 244(34.5%) | 503(71.0%) |
[ Table/Fig-5 ] shows the area wise distribution of respondents according to their preference for getting sex education. It was found that majority 680 (91.5%) of adolescents prefers doctors should give them sex education followed by 617 (83.0%) school/teacher and least preference was parents 277 (37.3%). However, in urban adolescents most common preference for sex education was school/teacher i.e., 357(48.0%) and in rural area 347 (46.7%) doctor was the most common preference for getting sex education.
Distribution of respondents according to their preference for getting sex education.
This study has tried to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding reproductive health and sexual problems, to assess the perception regarding reproductive and sexual health among adolescents and to identify the need of imparting sex education in school going adolescents (13-19 year) from urban and rural area of district Ambala Haryana.
Regarding the need of sex education among adolescents, it shows that majority of adolescents (93.5%) favour the sex education. However, boys (97.1%) were more likely to favour sex education as compared to girls (89.7%). A similar study was conducted by Jaideep K et al., in Chandigarh found that 95% of students were in favours of mainstreaming of sex education [ 12 ]. Another study done by Benzaken T et al., shows 90% favours sex education and study by Thakur HG et al., shows that 90% and 97% favours sex education, among boys 82.9% and among girls 75.6% respectively [ 13 , 14 ]. A study done by Dorle AS et al., from Karnataka found only 48% of student favours sex education in higher and senior secondary school and it was lower than our study it might be because of regional and cultural difference and also study was conducted five year back [ 15 ].
To find out the reason of sex education, 86.3% participants said that sex education can prevent the occurrence of AIDS, whereas 57.0% remove myth, 53.7% knowledge of sex makes future life easy, 39.5% protect from other disease and 102 (13.7%) don’t give any reason for sex education. A study done by Mueller TE et al., reported that majority of adolescents said sex education reduce the risks of potentially negative outcome from sexual behaviour such as fear and stigma of menstruation, unwanted and unplanned pregnancies and infection with STIs including HIV [ 16 ]. To know the preference for getting sex education, present study found that majority 680 (91.5%) of adolescents prefers doctors followed by 617 (83.0%) school/teacher and least preference was parents 277 (37.3%) respectively. A similar study was conducted by Jaideep K et al., in Chandigarh found that 76.74% students choose the teacher as the best source to provide sex education [ 12 ]. Similar observation was found by Wong WC et al., in Hongkong and Zhang L et al., in China [ 17 , 18 ]. All these variation might be because of regional and cultural difference. A study done by Dorle AS et al., from Karnataka found girls favours parents and boys favours friend as a source of information about sex [ 15 ]. A view point given by Datta SS et al., favours school and college should give sex education to adolescents [ 19 ].
This study suffers from the usual limitation of a cross-sectional study. We only include the co-education school so it cannot be generalizes to all school adolescent. As sex education is a sensitive topic, we cannot guarantee about the honest answers as it covered the sensitive issue i.e., recall bias. Participants may agree with statements as presented to them, especially when in doubt i.e., acquiescence bias and also social desirability bias.
Sex Education must be introduced in the school which should start from the primary school and brings about the age appropriate topics as they go through the high school. It should contain a package of information about life skills, reproductive health, safe sex, pregnancy and STI’s including HIV/AIDS. A socio cultural research is needed to find the right kind of sexual health education services for boys and girls separately from the teacher of same gender. It is the responsibility of parents, teachers, social workers, politicians, administrators, medical and paramedical profession so that adolescent girl or boy got legitimate due to education and empowerment and change over to adult men or women is smooth and streamlined with nil or least medical, social or psychological problems.
In this present study knowledge and perception of sex education was good, majority believe that sex education should implemented in school curriculum and majority of them gave good reason for sex education implementation in school. The most common preference for getting sex education was from doctor and teacher/school followed by friend respectively. Sex education and sexuality is unaccepted in many communities and also among some parents, adolescents feel shy and scared to talk about sex education, some adolescents hesitate to reply about sex education especially girls.
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) "plays a central role in the preparation of young people for a safe, productive, fulfilling life" (p. 12) [17] and adolescents who receive comprehensive sex education are more likely to delay their sexual debut, as well as to use contraception during sexual initiation [18].
Sex education has the potential to help generations with awareness and utilization of their sexual rights and promoting their sexual well-being. Research in India has unfortunately been sparse in this area. 16 More evidence base is needed for the effects of CSE on sexual violence and gender equity in this country.
For more than four decades, sex education has been a critically important but contentious public health and policy issue in the United States [1-5].Rising concern about nonmarital adolescent pregnancy beginning in the 1960s and the pandemic of HIV/AIDS after 1981 shaped the need for and acceptance of formal instruction for adolescents on life-saving topics such as contraception, condoms, and ...
Purpose: School-based sex education plays a vital role in the sexual health and well-being of young people. Little is known, however, about the effectiveness of efforts beyond pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease prevention. The authors conducted a systematic literature review of three decades of research on school-based programs to find evidence for the effectiveness of comprehensive ...
School-based sex education in the U.S. is at a crossroads. The United Nations defines sex education as a curriculum-based process of teaching and learning about the cognitive, emotional, physical, and social aspects of sexuality [1]. Over many years, sex education has had strong support among both parents [2] and health professionals [3-6], yet the receipt of sex education among U.S ...
Future research on sex education interventions should aim to co-ordinate and standardise outcomes so that quantitative comparisons through meta-analysis can be conducted. Finally, it is important to highlight that the screening of the title and abstract (Cohen's k = .45, 90% agreement between reviewers) and full-text review (Cohen's k = .51 ...
Purpose: School-based sex education plays a vital role in the sexual health and well-being of young people. Little is known, however, about the effectiveness of efforts beyond pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease prevention. The authors conducted a systematic literature review of three decades of research on school-based programs to find evidence for the effectiveness of comprehensive ...
The United States has one of the highest teen birth rates among rich countries (), a distinction that has long sustained the interest of academics, politicians, and the public (2 -4).Teen births are also much more likely to be reported as unintended than births at older ages ().The federal government has responded, in part, by funding two types of sex education for America's teens ...
The limitations in the quality of research in sex education have been highlighted by several authors in the past two decades (Kirby and Baxter, 1981; Card and Reagan, 1989; Kirby, 1989; Peersman et al., 1996). Due to these deficits in the quality of research—which resulted in a reduced number of studies that met the criteria for inclusion and ...
134 papers were included on school-based relationships and sex education for children aged 4-18 years from 2000 to 2020. • Terms used in the field are vast; however, 'sexuality education' was the most frequently defined term.
In academic debates on sex education, an important opposition has arisen between those that regard sex education as a health intervention (Schaalma et al., 2004), and those that counter the depoliticized rhetoric of health (Bay-Cheng, 2017).This article contributes to understanding sexuality education beyond health effects or critique, through exploring sex education in school spaces.
Objective: To systematically review and synthesise evidence on the effectiveness of school-based sex education interventions on sexual health behaviour outcomes and to identify Behaviour Change ...
School-based sex education plays a vital role in the sexual health and well-being of young people. Little is known, however, about the effectiveness of efforts beyond pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease prevention. The authors conducted a systematic literature review of three decades of research on school-based programs to find evidence for the effectiveness of comprehensive sex education.
Research evaluating state and local-level programs of sex education that are more comprehensive (i.e., provide broad interdisciplinary information, utilize rights-based content, positive, skill ...
Sex Education / statistics & numerical data. The objective of this overview was to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of sex education interventions aimed at reducing sexual risk behaviors in adolescents. A search was conducted of systematic reviews in English, Spanish and Portuguese from 1946 until July 2018 in the following databases: M ….
Louisa Allen. Article | Published online: 11 Aug 2024. Dual and multiple identities: stigmatisation and the dilemmas of being a translator of rainbow works in China. Xiaoming Tian et al. Article | Published online: 11 Aug 2024. View all latest articles. Explore the current issue of Sex Education, Volume 24, Issue 5, 2024.
1.1. Sex Education. Sex education refers to "an age-appropriate, culturally relevant approach to teaching about sex and relationships by providing scientifically accurate, realistic, non-judgmental information" [] (p. 69).This definition acknowledges that the aim of sex education extends beyond the transfer of knowledge on human physiology, reproductive system, or the prevention of STIs.
Abstract. This paper reviewed 33 empirical studies which assessed the effectiveness of sex education. Methodological issues were considered within six sections: (a) populations, (b) instructors ...
Sex education, they say, should also be about relationships. Giving students a foundation in relationship-building and centering the notion of care for others can enhance wellbeing and pave the way for healthy intimacy in the future, experts say. It can prevent or counter gender stereotyping and bias. And it could minimize instances of sexual ...
Introduction. Sexual socialization is the process of obtaining ideas, knowledge, values, and shared norms about sexuality through social interactions with socialization agents (Grusec, Citation 2002; Ward, Citation 2003).In sexual socialization, there is a long-term and multidimensional procedure, starting from receiving, interpreting, and internalizing messages given by socialization agents.
The review included 15 research articles. To be included, articles had to measure either a reduction in HIV/STI incidence; sexual risk behaviors; violence against women; or normative change in attitudes as outcomes. ... National Sexuality Education Standards: Core content and skills, K-12 [a special publication of the Journal of School Health].
South Korean police say the number of deepfake sex crime cases they have taken on so far this year has surged to 297. That compares to 156 for all of 2021 when data was first collated. Most ...
School-based sex education plays a vital role in the sexual health and well-being of young people. Little is known, however, about the effectiveness of efforts beyond pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease prevention. The authors conducted a systematic literature review of three decades of research on school-based programs to find evidence ...
Early neonatal deaths, occurring within the first six days of life, remain a critical public health challenge. Understanding the trends and factors associated with this issue is crucial for designing effective interventions and achieving global health goals. This study aims to examine the trends in early neonatal mortality in Ethiopia and identify the key factors associated with changes in ...
2.2. Participants. The participants in this research were selected through non-probability or convenience sampling [] in which all students were invited to participate and were taught by the researchers in this study during the 2021-2022 academic year.The study sample consisted of 293 students from the Faculty of Education Sciences and the inter-university master's degree in culture of ...
Contract farming is considered the most effective income-generating strategy for smallholder farmers and a significant source of foreign currency in Ethiopia. Avocado farmers in the study area made a contract agreement with the Savando avocado oil processing company, which is part of the Yirgalem agro-processing industry. The main aim of this research was to look at the factors influencing ...
Present study [Table/Fig-2] reveals the association between different socio-demographic profile and perception of need of sex education among adolescents; it shows that majority of adolescents 695 (93.5%) favour sex education.However, boys 374 (97.1%) were more likely to favour sex education as compared to girls 321 (89.7%). It was found that adolescents with higher age group, belongs to urban ...