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DNA: History and Structure.

Published by Karla Laugesen Modified over 5 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "DNA: History and Structure."— Presentation transcript:

DNA Structure.

Griffith and Transformation

Nucleic Acids The Genetic Material. Two types of Nucleic acids RNA RNA DNA DNA.

DNA History and Structure History. Friedrich Miescher  Published in 1871  First to isolate and identify DNA and suggested its role in heredity.

EQ: How did the structure of DNA lead scientist to the function of the molecule?

DNA: History and Structure. A Brief History of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): –Discovery of DNA by many different scientists –1928 – Griffith – studied.

DNA Structure and Function

Chapter 8 From DNA to Protein. 8-2 DNA Structure 3 understandingsGenes 1. Carry information for one generation to the next 2. Determine which traits are.

DNA Structure Review. Questions 1.Name the term used to describe the shape of the DNA molecule. 2.What does DNA stand for? 3.What 3 chemicals make up.

DNA. Nucleic Acids Informational polymers Made of C,H,O,N and P No general formula Examples: DNA and RNA.

DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid. What do we remember about Nucleic Acids?

Chap. 10 : Nucleic Acids & Protein Synthesis I. DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid - function – store and use information to direct activities of the cell and.

Chapter 11: DNA & the Language of Life – Genes are made of DNA Review: – 1928: Griffith used bacteria in mice to discover “transforming factor”

8.2 Structure of DNA TEKS 3F, 6A, 6B The student is expected to: 3F research and describe the history of biology and contributions of scientists; 6A identify.

DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid. What can DNA do? Carries information from one generation to the next Determines the heritable characteristics of organisms.

Review What organelle is the “control center” of the cell? The nucleus What structures are found in the nucleus? Chromosomes What structures are located.

DNA. DNA History Griffith – Experimented on mice and observed some harmless strains of bacteria could change into harmful strains. He called this transformation.

DNA The Discovery of DNA. Griffith and Transformation: Transformation: One strain of bacteria (harmless) had changed into disease-causing strain Meant.

DNA and Genes. Prokaryotes VS Eukaryotes Prokaryotes: no defined nucleus and a simplified internal structure Eukaryotes: membrane limited nucleus and.

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DNA Presentation Templates

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DNA is a double-stranded polymer. Each strand contains the information required to produce every protein the body needs. Because the strands are anti-parallel, they fit together by facing opposite directions.

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DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes

Jan 02, 2020

320 likes | 491 Views

DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes. The instructions for life!!!. Cells and DNA. All organisms are made of one or more cells With few exceptions, all cells contain DNA All organisms have DNA. What is the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes?.

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• chromosomes
• sex chromosomes
• histone proteins
• called sex chromosomes
• gamete sex cells sperm

Presentation Transcript

DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes The instructions for life!!!

Cells and DNA • All organisms are made of one or more cells • With few exceptions, all cells contain DNA • All organisms have DNA

What is the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes? • DNA is found in all living things and carries the instructions to make proteins – A single DNA strand holds the information to build many different proteins

What is the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes? • Chromosomes are strands of DNA that are coiled up – A chromosome holds the information to build many different proteins

What is the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes? • Genes are pieces of DNA that hold the information to build 1 type of protein – A chromosome has many genes

Gene • Segment of DNA that has the information (the code) for a protein or RNA. • A single molecule of DNA has thousands of genes on the molecule. • Remember the mantra: DNA to RNA to Protein

What is the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes?

Analogy • Chromosomes are like phone books because chromosomes have many genes just like phone books have many phone numbers

DNA, Gene, Chromosome Animation • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V04jvRh5YFE

Chromosomes • DNA and the proteins associated with the DNA. • Histone proteins help DNA coil up and form its shape. • Non-histone proteins regulate turning on and turning off genes. • Found in the nucleus.

Chromosomes are really just the form DNA becomes in the nucleus when the cell is preparing to divide. (In the form of chromatin at other times.) Humans have 46 chromosomes. One set of 23 chromosomes from mom. One set of 23 chromosomes from dad.

Chromatid • Two exact copies of a chromosome that are connected together. • The point where they are connected near the middle is called the centromere. • Chromatids are made when new cells are going to be made.

Eukaryotic Chromosome Structure Chromosomes are only visible when a cell is dividing so we usually see them in their double-stranded form.

Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes. • Diploid (2n) : two sets of chromosomes • Found in all the non-sex cells or autosomes of an organism's body (with a few exceptions). • Examples include humans (46), crayfish (200), etc. • Haploid (n) contains one set of chromosomes. • In the life cycle of many animals, only sperm and egg cells(sex cells) have the haploid number. • Examples include humans (23), crayfish (100), etc.

Vocabulary • Gamete: sex cells= sperm or egg • Fusion of gametes forms a zygote. • A zygote always has a full or diploid (2n) number of chromosomes • A fertilized egg cell. (sperm + egg)

Homologous Chromosomes • Chromosomes containing the same type of genetic information • one comes from male parent, one comes from female parent

Homologous Chromosomes

Types of Chromosomes: • Autosomes = Body chromosomes or non sex chromosomes ( humans have 44 or 22 pairs) • Sex Chromosomes = XX or XY (23rd pair for humans) determines the sex of the offspring

The chromosomes diagrammed below are arranged in a karyotype, the 46 chromosomes have been arranged in homologous pairs.

The first 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes are called autosomes or autosomal chromosomes. The 23rd pair of chromosomes determines the sex of the individual and are called sex chromosomes. The sex chromosomes of a female are XX. The sex chromosomes of a male are XY.

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