uw madison medical physics phd

Medical Physics Graduate Degree Program

Position title: Graduate Program Manager

Email: [email protected]

Website: Medical Physics Graduate Degree Program's website

Phone: 608-265-6504

Address: 005 Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research (WIMR) 1111 Highland Avenue Madison, WI 53705-2275

MAIN AREAS OF RESEARCH

The broad research base developed by Medical Physics provides considerable flexibility to promote and accommodate the rapid influx of new discoveries and technological developments in physics. As a result, we have ongoing research in every major area of the application of physics to medicine. These areas include: advanced dosimetry and radiation oncology, biomagnetism, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), molecular imaging, molecular imaging and nano-technology, neutron/proton metrology, nuclear medicine/PET, radiation metrology/radiation calibration, radiation metrology/radiation calibration, ultrasound, diagnostic x-ray imaging.

PROGRAM FUNDING

The department typically supports 85–95 percent of students enrolled in the medical physics graduate program through department or university fellowships, research or teaching assistantships, or NIH NRSA training grant appointments.  All awards include a comprehensive health insurance program and remission of tuition. The student is responsible for segregated fees.

ADMISSIONS REQUIREMENTS

A bachelor’s degree in physics is considered the best preparation for graduate study in medical physics, but majors such as nuclear engineering, biomedical engineering, electrical engineering, or chemistry may also be acceptable. The student’s math background should include calculus, differential equations, linear algebra, and Fourier analysis, such as might be learned in modern optics or undergraduate quantum theory. Some facility in computer programming and electronic instrumentation is desirable. One year of chemistry, a year of biology, and an introductory course in physiology are also advantageous.

Beginning graduate students should start their studies in the fall semester, as the course sequence is based on that assumption. Students applying for admission should submit an online application and all supporting documentation by December 1 to ensure consideration for admission and financial support to begin the following fall.

Admission to the graduate program is competitive. Applications are judged on the basis of a student’s previous academic record, research experience, letters of recommendation, and personal statement of reasons for interest in graduate study in medical physics.

The application includes:

• The online application to the Graduate School
• Payment of the application fee
• Electronic copy of resume/CV (include awards, fellowships, and scholarships received, publications, volunteer activities, and research experience)
• Applicant data sheet
• Personal statement of reasons for interest in graduate study in medical physics.  The personal statement should include your reasons for graduate study, why medical physics, your future career goals as it relates to a PhD (or MS) in medical physics and your area(s) of research interest. It is advantageous to also research and include the faculty member(s) with whom you would like to work. The personal statement should be no more than 3 pages, single-spaced, 11 point font or larger
• Transcripts from all academic institutions of study (scan and upload)
• Recommendation letters from people who can attest to your ability to be successful in the PhD program due to your experience, academics, etc.(submitted electronically through the online application)

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Medical Physics

One of the basic science departments of the University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, the Department of Medical Physics offers comprehensive training in diagnostic and therapeutic medical physics and in health physics.

University of Wisconsin Madison Multiple locations Madison , Wisconsin , United States Top 0.5% worldwide Studyportals University Meta Ranking 4.7 Read 20 reviews

Achievement of the Ph.D. degree in this department reflects strong scholarship and research skills in one of the top medical physics programs in North America. Graduates are prepared for teaching and/or research positions in universities, national laboratories, or in the medical and nuclear technology industries. 

Features 

• Graduates at University of Wisconsin Madison are also prepared for admission into medical physics residency programs to become board eligible for clinical Medical Physics positions.

Programme Structure

• Radiation Physics and Dosimetry
• Physics of Radiotherapy
• Health Physics and Biological Effects
• Mathematical Methods in Medical Physics
• Data Science in Medical Physics

Key information

• 60 months

Start dates & application deadlines

• Apply before 2024-12-01 00:00:00

Disciplines

Academic requirements.

We are not aware of any specific GRE, GMAT or GPA grading score requirements for this programme.

English requirements

Student insurance.

Make sure to cover your health, travel, and stay while studying abroad. Even global coverages can miss important items, so make sure your student insurance ticks all the following:

• Additional medical costs (i.e. dental)
• Repatriation, if something happens to you or your family
• Home contents and baggage

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Remember, countries and universities may have specific insurance requirements. To learn more about how student insurance work at University of Wisconsin Madison and/or in United States, please visit Student Insurance Portal .

Other requirements

General requirements.

• About 80–90 applicants per year apply to the medical physics program. Each fall, the program admits 10–20 students.  This results in an average enrollment of approximately 100 students each semester. Less than one-tenth of the students pursue the M.S. degree as a terminal degree, and the remainder continue on to the PhD.
• A bachelor's degree in physics is considered the best preparation for graduate study in medical physics, but majors such as nuclear engineering, biomedical engineering, electrical engineering, or chemistry may also be acceptable. 

Tuition Fee

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Scholarships Information

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Patrick Hill, PhD

Associate professor (chs), department of human oncology.

• Publications

I am an associate professor in the Department of Human Oncology. My primary role is to provide clinical medical physics services in the Department of Radiation Oncology at the UW Health University Hospital. In the clinic, I perform tasks to ensure that patients are being treated safely and accurately on each day of their treatment. This includes making sure radiation-producing machines are operating correctly and that the quality of a patient’s treatment is maintained from the day they first arrive in our department to the day of their last treatment. I am the lead physicist for the TomoTherapy service and among the primary physics contacts for our radiosurgery program, treatment planning systems, and image processing software.

The radiotherapy process requires a diverse team of physicians, physicists, dosimetrists, therapists, nurses and others. Much of my efforts are focused on improving the ways in which this team can come together and care for patients. I have detailed knowledge of clinical operations along with the hardware and software tools we use on a daily basis. I do things like develop processes to better achieve treatment goals, learn and implement new technology, and design and execute quality assurance tests that ensure our equipment is functioning properly.

Outside the clinic, I am a rotation mentor for our Radiation Oncology Physics Residency program and occasionally teach various physics courses to residents, graduate students, and trainees. I am involved in several research projects in adaptive therapy, particle therapy, and image guidance. These projects span departments within our university as well as at other institutions. I am fortunate to serve in a position where I can combine my love for solving engineering problems with my knowledge and research in radiation physics to ensure patient safety and continually advance patient care.

Resident, University of Iowa, Radiation Oncology (2014)

Postdoctoral Fellow, Washington University in St. Louis, Radiation Oncology (2012)

PhD, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Medical Physics (2011)

MS, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Nuclear Engineering and Engineering Physics (2009)

MS, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Medical Physics (2007)

BS, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Nuclear Engineering (2005)

Academic Appointments

Associate Professor (CHS), Human Oncology (2022)

Assistant Professor (CHS), Human Oncology (2014)

Selected Honors and Awards

Executive Education Grant, University of Wisconsin Department of Engineering Professional Development (2016)

Physicist Training Scholarship, American Brachytherapy Society (2013)

NIH Training Fellowship (2009–2011)

Vilas Travel Grant (2009, 2010)

Tau Beta Pi Engineering Honor Society (2005)

Boards, Advisory Committees and Professional Organizations

University of Wisconsin TomoTherapy Service Improvement Committee (2017–pres.)

University of Wisconsin Medical Physics Residency Program Oversight Committee (2016–pres.)

American Association of Physicists in Medicine North Central Chapter Executive Committee (2016–pres.)

American Society for Radiation Oncology (2012–pres.)

American Association of Physicists in Medicine (2005–pres.)

Research Focus

Adaptive Radiotherapy, Image Registration, Informatics and Information Systems, Radiosurgery, Treatment Planning Systems, Workflow Automation

Dr. Patrick Hill provides clinical medical physics services in the Department of Radiation Oncology at University Hospital to ensure that patients are being treated safely and accurately. He also teaches physics courses and conducts research on adaptive therapy, particle therapy and image guidance.

BACKGROUND: The dynamic collimation system (DCS) provides energy layer-specific collimation for pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy using two pairs of orthogonal nickel trimmer blades. While excellent measurement-to-calculation agreement has been demonstrated for simple cube-shaped DCS-trimmed dose distributions, no comparison of measurement and dose calculation has been made for patient-specific treatment plans.

PURPOSE: To validate a patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) process for DCS-trimmed PBS treatment plans and evaluate the agreement between measured and calculated dose distributions.

METHODS: Three intracranial patient cases were considered. Standard uncollimated PBS and DCS-collimated treatment plans were generated for each patient using the Astroid treatment planning system (TPS). Plans were recalculated in a water phantom and delivered at the Miami Cancer Institute (MCI) using an Ion Beam Applications (IBA) dedicated nozzle system and prototype DCS. Planar dose measurements were acquired at two depths within low-gradient regions of the target volume using an IBA MatriXX ion chamber array.

RESULTS: Measured and calculated dose distributions were compared using 2D gamma analysis with 3%/3 mm criteria and low dose threshold of 10% of the maximum dose. Median gamma pass rates across all plans and measurement depths were 99.0% (PBS) and 98.3% (DCS), with a minimum gamma pass rate of 88.5% (PBS) and 91.2% (DCS).

CONCLUSIONS: The PSQA process has been validated and experimentally verified for DCS-collimated PBS. Dosimetric agreement between the measured and calculated doses was demonstrated to be similar for DCS-collimated PBS to that achievable with noncollimated PBS.

PMID:38977285 | DOI:10.1002/mp.17295

PURPOSE: Targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) in combination with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) shows promise as a method to increase tumor control and mitigate potential high-grade toxicities associated with re-treatment for patients with recurrent head and neck cancer. This work establishes a patient-specific dosimetry framework that combines Monte Carlo-based dosimetry from the 2 radiation modalities at the voxel level using deformable image registration (DIR) and radiobiological constructs for patients enrolled in a phase 1 clinical trial combining EBRT and RPT.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Serial single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) patient scans were performed at approximately 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours postinjection of 577.2 MBq/m2 (15.6 mCi/m2) CLR 131, an iodine 131-containing RPT agent. Using RayStation, clinical EBRT treatment plans were created with a treatment planning CT (TPCT). SPECT/CT images were deformably registered to the TPCT using the Elastix DIR module in 3D Slicer software and assessed by measuring mean activity concentrations and absorbed doses. Monte Carlo EBRT dosimetry was computed using EGSnrc. RPT dosimetry was conducted using RAPID, a GEANT4-based RPT dosimetry platform. Radiobiological metrics (biologically effective dose and equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions) were used to combine the 2 radiation modalities.

RESULTS: The DIR method provided good agreement for the activity concentrations and calculated absorbed dose in the tumor volumes for the SPECT/CT and TPCT images, with a maximum mean absorbed dose difference of -11.2%. Based on the RPT absorbed dose calculations, 2 to 4 EBRT fractions were removed from patient EBRT treatments. For the combined treatment, the absorbed dose to target volumes ranged from 57.14 to 75.02 Gy. When partial volume corrections were included, the mean equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions to the planning target volume from EBRT + RPT differed -3.11% to 1.40% compared with EBRT alone.

CONCLUSIONS: This work demonstrates the clinical feasibility of performing combined EBRT + RPT dosimetry on TPCT scans. Dosimetry guides treatment decisions for EBRT, and this work provides a bridge for the same paradigm to be implemented within the rapidly emerging clinical RPT space.

PMID:38367914 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.02.005

Objective.To integrate a Dynamic Collimation System (DCS) into a pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy system and validate its dosimetric impact.Approach.Uncollimated and collimated treatment fields were developed for clinically relevant targets using an in-house treatment plan optimizer and an experimentally validated Monte Carlo model of the DCS and IBA dedicated nozzle (DN) system. The dose reduction induced by the DCS was quantified by calculating the mean dose in 10- and 30-mm two-dimensional rinds surrounding the target. A select number of plans were then used to experimentally validate the mechanical integration of the DCS and beam scanning controller system through measurements with the MatriXX-PT ionization chamber array and EBT3 film. Absolute doses were verified at the central axis at various depths using the IBA MatriXX-PT and PPC05 ionization chamber.Main results.Simulations demonstrated a maximum mean dose reduction of 12% for the 10 mm rind region and 45% for the 30 mm rind region when utilizing the DCS. Excellent agreement was observed between Monte Carlo simulations, EBT3 film, and MatriXX-PT measurements, with gamma pass rates exceeding 94.9% for all tested plans at the 3%/2 mm criterion. Absolute central axis doses showed an average verification difference of 1.4% between Monte Carlo and MatriXX-PT/PPC05 measurements.Significance.We have successfully dosimetrically validated the delivery of dynamically collimated proton therapy for clinically relevant delivery patterns and dose distributions with the DCS. Monte Carlo simulations were employed to assess dose reductions and treatment planning considerations associated with the DCS.

PMID:37832529 | PMC:PMC11128250 | DOI:10.1088/2057-1976/ad02ff

BACKGROUND: The Dynamic Collimation System (DCS) has been shown to produce superior treatment plans to uncollimated pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy using an in-house treatment planning system (TPS) designed for research. Clinical implementation of the DCS requires the development and benchmarking of a rigorous dose calculation algorithm that accounts for pencil beam trimming, performs monitor unit calculations to produce deliverable plans at all beam energies, and is ideally implemented with a commercially available TPS.

PURPOSE: To present an analytical Pencil bEam TRimming Algorithm (PETRA) for the DCS, with and without its range shifter, implemented in the Astroid TPS (.decimal, Sanford, Florida, USA).

MATERIALS: PETRA was derived by generalizing an existing pencil beam dose calculation model to account for the DCS-specific effects of lateral penumbra blurring due to the nickel trimmers in two different planes, integral depth dose variation due to the trimming process, and the presence and absence of the range shifter. Tuning parameters were introduced to enable agreement between PETRA and a measurement-validated Dynamic Collimation Monte Carlo (DCMC) model of the Miami Cancer Institute's IBA Proteus Plus system equipped with the DCS. Trimmer position, spot position, beam energy, and the presence or absence of a range shifter were all used as variables for the characterization of the model. The model was calibrated for pencil beam monitor unit calculations using procedures specified by International Atomic Energy Agency Technical Report Series 398 (IAEA TRS-398).

RESULTS: The integral depth dose curves (IDDs) for energies between 70 MeV and 160 MeV among all simulated trimmer combinations, with and without the ranger shifter, agreed between PETRA and DCMC at the 1%/1 mm 1-D gamma criteria for 99.99% of points. For lateral dose profiles, the median 2-D gamma pass rate for all profiles at 1.5%/1.5 mm was 99.99% at the water phantom surface, plateau, and Bragg peak depths without the range shifter and at the surface and Bragg peak depths with the range shifter. The minimum 1.5%/1.5 mm gamma pass rates for the 2-D profiles at the water phantom surface without and with the range shifter were 98.02% and 97.91%, respectively, and, at the Bragg peak, the minimum pass rates were 97.80% and 97.5%, respectively.

CONCLUSION: The PETRA model for DCS dose calculations was successfully defined and benchmarked for use in a commercially available TPS.

PMID:37370239 | PMC:PMC10751389 | DOI:10.1002/mp.16559

Objective. Proton therapy conformity has improved over the years by evolving from passive scattering to spot scanning delivery technologies with smaller proton beam spot sizes. Ancillary collimation devices, such the Dynamic Collimation System (DCS), further improves high dose conformity by sharpening the lateral penumbra. However, as spot sizes are reduced, collimator positional errors play a significant impact on the dose distributions and hence accurate collimator to radiation field alignment is critical.Approach. The purpose of this work was to develop a system to align and verify coincidence between the center of the DCS and the proton beam central axis. The Central Axis Alignment Device (CAAD) is composed of a camera and scintillating screen-based beam characterization system. Within a light-tight box, a 12.3-megapixel camera monitors a P43/Gadox scintillating screen via a 45° first-surface mirror. When a collimator trimmer of the DCS is placed in the uncalibrated center of the field, the proton radiation beam continuously scans a 7×7 cm2square field across the scintillator and collimator trimmer while a 7 s exposure is acquired. From the relative positioning of the trimmer to the radiation field, the true center of the radiation field can be calculated.Main results.The CAAD can calculate the offset between the proton beam radiation central axis and the DCS central axis within 0.054 mm accuracy and 0.075 mm reproducibility.Significance.Using the CAAD, the DCS is now able to be aligned accurately to the proton radiation beam central axis and no longer relies on an x-ray source in the gantry head which is only validated to within 1.0 mm of the proton beam.

PMID:37267924 | PMC:PMC10330655 | DOI:10.1088/2057-1976/acdad5

PURPOSE: The recently reported FLAME trial demonstrated a biochemical disease-free survival benefit to using a focal intraprostatic boost to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-identified lesions in men with localized prostate cancer treated with definitive radiation therapy. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-directed positron emission tomography (PET) may identify additional areas of disease. In this work, we investigated using both PSMA PET and mpMRI in planning focal intraprostatic boosts using stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

METHODS AND MATERIALS: We evaluated a cohort of patients (n = 13) with localized prostate cancer who were imaged with 2-(3-(1-carboxy-5-[(6-[18F]fluoro-pyridine-2-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl)-ureido)-pentanedioic acid (18F-DCFPyL) PET/MRI on a prospective imaging trial before undergoing definitive therapy. The number of lesions concordant (overlapping) and discordant (no overlap) on PET and MRI was assessed. Overlap between concordant lesions was evaluated using the Dice and Jaccard similarity coefficients. Prostate SBRT plans were created fusing the PET/MRI imaging to computed tomography scans acquired the same day. Plans were created using only MRI-identified lesions, only PET-identified lesions, and the combined PET/MRI lesions. Coverage of the intraprostatic lesions and doses to the rectum and urethra were assessed for each of these plans.

RESULTS: The majority of lesions (21/39, 53.8%) were discordant between MRI and PET, with more lesions seen by PET alone (12) than MRI alone (9). Of lesions that were concordant between PET and MRI, there were still areas that did not overlap between scans (average Dice coefficient, 0.34). Prostate SBRT planning using all lesions to define a focal intraprostatic boost provided the best coverage of all lesions without compromising constraints on the rectum and urethra.

CONCLUSIONS: Using both mpMRI and PSMA-directed PET may better identify all areas of gross disease within the prostate. Using both imaging modalities could improve the planning of focal intraprostatic boosts.

PMID:37250282 | PMC:PMC10209128 | DOI:10.1016/j.adro.2023.101241

Objective. Pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy target dose conformity can be improved with energy layer-specific collimation. One such collimator is the dynamic collimation system (DCS), which consists of four nickel trimmer blades that intercept the scanning beam as it approaches the lateral extent of the target. While the dosimetric benefits of the DCS have been demonstrated through computational treatment planning studies, there has yet to be experimental verification of these benefits for composite multi-energy layer fields. The objective of this work is to dosimetrically characterize and experimentally validate the delivery of dynamically collimated proton therapy with the DCS equipped to a clinical PBS system.Approach. Optimized single field, uniform dose treatment plans for 3 × 3 × 3 cm3target volumes were generated using Monte Carlo dose calculations with depths ranging from 5 to 15 cm, trimmer-to-surface distances ranging from 5 to 18.15 cm, with and without a 4 cm thick polyethylene range shifter. Treatment plans were then delivered to a water phantom using a prototype DCS and an IBA dedicated nozzle system and measured with a Zebra multilayer ionization chamber, a MatriXX PT ionization chamber array, and Gafchromic™ EBT3 film.Main results. For measurements made within the SOBPs, average 2D gamma pass rates exceeded 98.5% for the MatriXX PT and 96.5% for film at the 2%/2 mm criterion across all measured uncollimated and collimated plans, respectively. For verification of the penumbra width reduction with collimation, film agreed with Monte Carlo with differences within 0.3 mm on average compared to 0.9 mm for the MatriXX PT.Significance. We have experimentally verified the delivery of DCS-collimated fields using a clinical PBS system and commonly available dosimeters and have also identified potential weaknesses for dosimeters subject to steep dose gradients.

PMID:36706460 | PMC:PMC9940016 | DOI:10.1088/1361-6560/acb6cd

PURPOSE: Accelerated partial breast irradiation and lumpectomy cavity boost radiation therapy plans generally use volumetric expansions from the lumpectomy cavity clinical target volume to the planning target volume (PTV) of 1 to 1.5 cm, substantially increasing the volume of irradiated breast tissue. The purpose of this study was to quantify intrafraction lumpectomy cavity motion during external beam radiation therapy to inform the indicated clinical target volume to PTV expansion.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Forty-four patients were treated with a whole breast irradiation using traditional linear accelerator-based radiation therapy followed by lumpectomy cavity boost using magnetic resonance (MR)-guided radiation therapy on a prospective registry study. Two-dimensional cine-MR images through the center of the surgical cavity were acquired during each boost treatment to define the treatment position of the lumpectomy cavity. This was compared with the reference position to quantify intrafraction cavity motion. Free-breathing technique was used during treatment. Clinical outcomes including toxicity, cosmesis, and rates of local control were additionally analyzed.

RESULTS: The mean maximum displacement per fraction in the anterior-posterior (AP) direction was 1.4 mm. Per frame, AP motion was <5 mm in 92% of frames. The mean maximum displacement per fraction in the superior-inferior (SI) direction was 1.2 mm. Per frame, SI motion was <5 mm in 94% of frames. Composite motion was <5 mm in 89% of frames. Three-year local control was 97%. Eight women (18%) developed acute G2 radiation dermatitis. With a median follow-up of 32.4 months, cosmetic outcomes were excellent (22/44, 50%), good (19/44, 43%), and fair (2/44, 5%).

CONCLUSIONS: In approximately 90% of analyzed frames, intrafraction displacement of the lumpectomy cavity was <5 mm, with even less motion expected with deep inspiratory breath hold. Our results suggest reduced PTV expansions of 5 mm would be sufficient to account for lumpectomy cavity position, which may accordingly reduce late toxicity and improve cosmetic outcomes.

PMID:36089252 | DOI:10.1016/j.prro.2022.08.011

Radiation therapy is integral to cancer treatments for more than half of patients. Pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy is the latest radiation therapy technology that uses a beam of protons that are magnetically steered and delivered to the tumor. One of the limiting factors of PBS accuracy is the beam cross-sectional size, similar to how a painter is only as accurate as the size of their brush allows. To address this, collimators can be used to shape the beam along the tumor edge to minimize the dose spread outside of the tumor. Under development is a dynamic collimation system (DCS) that uses two pairs of nickel trimmers that collimate the beam at the tumor periphery, limiting dose from spilling into healthy tissue. Herein, we establish the dosimetric and mechanical acceptance criteria for the DCS based on a functioning prototype and Monte Carlo methods, characterize the mechanical accuracy of the prototype, and validate that the acceptance criteria are met. From Monte Carlo simulations, we found that the trimmers must be positioned within ±0.5 mm and ±1.0 deg for the dose distributions to pass our gamma analysis. We characterized the trimmer positioners at jerk values up to 400 m/s3 and validated their accuracy to 50 μm. We measured and validated the rotational trimmer accuracy to ±0.5 deg with a FARO® ScanArm. Lastly, we calculated time penalties associated with the DCS and found that the additional time required to treat one field using the DCS varied from 25-52 s.

PMID:35284033 | PMC:PMC8905094 | DOI:10.1115/1.4053722

Purpose. The Dynamic Collimation System (DCS) is an energy layer-specific collimation device designed to reduce the lateral penumbra in pencil beam scanning proton therapy. The DCS consists of two pairs of nickel trimmers that rapidly and independently move and rotate to intercept the scanning proton beam and an integrated range shifter to treat targets less than 4 cm deep. This work examines the validity of a single aperture approximation to model the DCS, a commonly used approximation in commercial treatment planning systems, as well as higher-order aperture-based approximations for modeling DCS-collimated dose distributions.Methods. An experimentally validated TOPAS/Geant4-based Monte Carlo model of the DCS integrated with a beam model of the IBA pencil beam scanning dedicated nozzle was used to simulate DCS- and aperture-collimated 100 MeV beamlets and composite treatment plans. The DCS was represented by three different aperture approximations: a single aperture placed halfway between the upper and lower trimmer planes, two apertures located at the upper and lower trimmer planes, and four apertures, located at both the upstream and downstream faces of each pair of trimmers. Line profiles and three-dimensional regions of interest were used to evaluate the validity and limitations of the aperture approximations investigated.Results. For pencil beams without a range shifter, minimal differences were observed between the DCS and single aperture approximation. For range shifted beamlets, the single aperture approximation yielded wider penumbra widths (up to 18%) in the X-direction and sharper widths (up to 9.4%) in the Y-direction. For the example treatment plan, the root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) in an overall three-dimensional region of interest were 1.7%, 1.3%, and 1.7% for the single aperture, two aperture, and four aperture models, respectively. If the region of interest only encompasses the lateral edges outside of the target, the resulting RMSEs were 1.7%, 1.1%, and 0.5% single aperture, two aperture, and four aperture models, respectively.Conclusions. Monte Carlo simulations of the DCS demonstrated that a single aperture approximation is sufficient for modeling pristine fields at the Bragg depth while range shifted fields require a higher-order aperture approximation. For the treatment plan considered, the double aperture model performed the best overall, however, the four-aperture model most accurately modeled the lateral field edges at the expense of increased dose differences proximal to and within the target.

PMID:35130520 | PMC:PMC8917788 | DOI:10.1088/2057-1976/ac525f

PURPOSE: The radiobiological benefits afforded by spatially fractionated (GRID) radiation therapy pairs well with the dosimetric advantages of proton therapy. Inspired by the emergence of energy-layer specific collimators in pencil beam scanning (PBS), this work investigates how the spot spacing and collimation can be optimized to maximize the therapeutic gains of a GRID treatment while demonstrating the integration of a dynamic collimation system (DCS) within a commercial beamline to deliver GRID treatments and experimentally benchmark Monte Carlo calculation methods.

METHODS: GRID profiles were experimentally benchmarked using a clinical DCS prototype that was mounted to the nozzle of the IBA-dedicated nozzle system. Integral depth dose (IDD) curves and lateral profiles were measured for uncollimated and GRID-collimated beamlets. A library of collimated GRID dose distributions were simulated by placing beamlets within a specified uniform grid and weighting the beamlets to achieve a volume-averaged tumor cell survival equivalent to an open field delivery. The healthy tissue sparing afforded by the GRID distribution was then estimated across a range of spot spacings and collimation widths, which were later optimized based on the radiosensitivity of the tumor cell line and the nominal spot size of the PBS system. This was accomplished by using validated models of the IBA universal and dedicated nozzles.

RESULTS: Excellent agreement was observed between the measured and simulated profiles. The IDDs matched above 98.7% when analyzed using a 1%/1-mm gamma criterion with some minor deviation observed near the Bragg peak for higher beamlet energies. Lateral profile distributions predicted using Monte Carlo methods agreed well with the measured profiles; a gamma passing rate of 95% or higher was observed for all in-depth profiles examined using a 3%/2-mm criteria. Additional collimation was shown to improve PBS GRID treatments by sharpening the lateral penumbra of the beamlets but creates a trade-off between enhancing the valley-to-peak ratio of the GRID delivery and the dose-volume effect. The optimal collimation width and spot spacing changed as a function of the tumor cell radiosensitivity, dose, and spot size. In general, a spot spacing below 2.0 cm with a collimation less than 1.0 cm provided a superior dose distribution among the specific cases studied.

CONCLUSIONS: The ability to customize a GRID dose distribution using different collimation sizes and spot spacings is a useful advantage, especially to maximize the overall therapeutic benefit. In this regard, the capabilities of the DCS, and perhaps alternative dynamic collimators, can be used to enhance GRID treatments. Physical dose models calculated using Monte Carlo methods were experimentally benchmarked in water and were found to accurately predict the respective dose distributions of uncollimated and DCS-collimated GRID profiles.

PMID:35120278 | PMC:PMC9007854 | DOI:10.1002/mp.15523

BACKGROUND: To define the location of the initial contralateral lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with oropharynx cancer.

METHODS: The location of the LN centroids from patients with oropharynx cancer and a single radiographically positive contralateral LN was defined. A clinical target volume (CTV) inclusive of all LN centroids was created, and its impact on dose to organs at risk was assessed.

RESULTS: We identified 55 patients of which 49/55 had a single contralateral LN in level IIA, 4/55 in level III, 1/55 in level IIB, and 1/55 in the retropharynx. Mean radiation dose to the contralateral parotid gland was 15.1 and 21.0 Gy, (p <0.001) using the modeled high-risk elective CTV and a consensus CTV, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: We present a systematic approach for identifying the contralateral nodal regions at highest risk of harboring subclinical disease in patients with oropharynx cancer that warrants prospective clinical study.

PMID:34761832 | PMC:PMC9723806 | DOI:10.1002/hed.26924

PURPOSE: Respiration-induced tumor or organ positional changes can impact the accuracy of external beam radiotherapy. Motion management strategies are used to account for these changes during treatment. The authors report on the development, testing, and first-in-human evaluation of an electronic 4D (e4D) MR-compatible ultrasound probe that was designed for hands-free operation in a MR and linear accelerator (LINAC) environment.

METHODS: Ultrasound components were evaluated for MR compatibility. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding was used to enclose the entire probe and a factory-fabricated cable shielded with copper braids was integrated into the probe. A series of simultaneous ultrasound and MR scans were acquired and analyzed in five healthy volunteers.

RESULTS: The ultrasound probe led to minor susceptibility artifacts in the MR images immediately proximal to the ultrasound probe at a depth of <10 mm. Ultrasound and MR-based motion traces that were derived by tracking the salient motion of endogenous target structures in the superior-inferior (SI) direction demonstrated good concordance (Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.95-0.98) between the ultrasound and MRI datasets.

CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that our hands-free, e4D probe can acquire ultrasound images during a MR acquisition at frame rates of approximately 4 frames per second (fps) without impacting either the MR or ultrasound image quality. This use of this technology for interventional procedures (e.g. biopsies and drug delivery) and motion compensation during imaging are also being explored.

PMID:34218199 | PMC:PMC8403156 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.06.017

PURPOSE: The aim of this work was to develop and experimentally validate a Dynamic Collimation Monte Carlo (DCMC) simulation package specifically designed for the simulation of collimators in pencil beam scanning proton therapy (PBS-PT). The DCMC package was developed using the TOPAS Monte Carlo platform and consists of a generalized PBS source model and collimator component extensions.

METHODS: A divergent point-source model of the IBA dedicated nozzle (DN) at the Miami Cancer Institute (MCI) was created and validated against on-axis commissioning measurements taken at MCI. The beamline optics were mathematically incorporated into the source to model beamlet deflections in the X and Y directions at the respective magnet planes. Off-axis measurements taken at multiple planes in air were used to validate both the off-axis spot size and divergence of the source model. The DCS trimmers were modeled and incorporated as TOPAS geometry extensions that linearly translate and rotate about the bending magnets. To validate the collimator model, a series of integral depth dose (IDD) and lateral profile measurements were acquired at MCI and used to benchmark the DCMC performance for modeling both pristine and range shifted beamlets. The water equivalent thickness (WET) of the range shifter was determined by quantifying the shift in the depth of the 80% dose point distal to the Bragg peak between the range shifted and pristine uncollimated beams.

RESULTS: A source model of the IBA DN system was successfully commissioned against on- and off-axis IDD and lateral profile measurements performed at MCI. The divergence of the source model was matched through an optimization of the source-to-axis distance and comparison against in-air spot profiles. The DCS model was then benchmarked against collimated IDD and in-air and in-phantom lateral profile measurements. Gamma analysis was used to evaluate the agreement between measured and simulated lateral profiles and IDDs with 1%/1 mm criteria and a 1% dose threshold. For the pristine collimated beams, the average 1%/1 mm gamma pass rates across all collimator configurations investigated were 99.8% for IDDs and 97.6% and 95.2% for in-air and in-phantom lateral profiles. All range shifted collimated IDDs passed at 100% while in-air and in-phantom lateral profiles had average pass rates of 99.1% and 99.8%, respectively. The measured and simulated WET of the polyethylene range shifter was determined to be 40.9 and 41.0 mm, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a TOPAS-based Monte Carlo package for modeling collimators in PBS-PT. This package was then commissioned to model the IBA DN system and DCS located at MCI using both uncollimated and collimated measurements. Validation results demonstrate that the DCMC package can be used to accurately model other aspects of a DCS implementation via simulation.

PMID:33740253 | PMC:PMC8273151 | DOI:10.1002/mp.14846

Intrafraction imaging-based motion management systems for external beam radiotherapy can rely on internal surrogate structures when the target is not easily visualized. This work evaluated the validity of using liver vessels as internal surrogates for the estimation of liver tumor motion. Vessel and tumor motion were assessed using ten two-dimensional sagittal MR cine datasets collected on the ViewRay MRIdian. For each case, a liver tumor and at least one vessel were tracked for 175 s. A tracking approach utilizing block matching and multiple simultaneous templates was applied. Accuracy of the tracked motion was calculated from the error between the tracked centroid position and manually defined ground truth annotations. The patient's abdomen surface and diaphragm were manually annotated in all frames. The Pearson correlation coefficient (CC) was used to compare the motion of the features and tumor in the anterior-posterior (AP) and superior-inferior (SI) directions. The distance between the centroids of the features and the tumors was calculated to assess if feature proximity affects relative correlation, and the tumor range of motion was determined. Intra- and interfraction motion amplitude variabilities were evaluated to further assess the relationship between tumor and feature motion. The mean CC between the motion of the vessel and the tumor were 0.85 ± 0.11 (AP) and 0.92 ± 0.04 (SI), 0.83 ± 0.11 (AP) and -0.89 ± 0.06 (SI) for the surface and tumor, and 0.80 ± 0.17 (AP) and 0.94 ± 0.03 (SI) for the diaphragm and tumor. For intrafraction analysis, the average amplitude variability was 2.47 ± 0.77 mm (AP) and 3.14 ± 1.49 mm (SI) for the vessels, 2.70 ± 1.08 mm (AP) and 3.43 ± 1.73 mm (SI) for the surface, and 2.76 ± 1.41 mm (AP) and 2.91 ± 1.38 mm (SI) for the diaphragm. No relationship between distance and motion correlation was observed. The motion of liver tumors and liver vessels was well correlated, making vessels a suitable surrogate for tumor motion in the liver.

PMID:32533758 | PMC:PMC7484818 | DOI:10.1002/acm2.12943

PURPOSE: When designing a collimation system for pencil beam spot scanning proton therapy, a decision must be made whether or not to rotate, or focus, the collimator to match beamlet deflection as a function of off-axis distance. If the collimator is not focused, the beamlet shape and fluence will vary as a function of off-axis distance due to partial transmission through the collimator. In this work, we quantify the magnitude of these effects and propose a focused dynamic collimation system (DCS) for use in proton therapy spot scanning.

METHODS: This study was done in silico using a model of the Miami Cancer Institute's (MCI) IBA Proteus Plus system created in Geant4-based TOPAS. The DCS utilizes rectangular nickel trimmers mounted on rotating sliders that move in synchrony with the pencil beam to provide focused collimation at the edge of the target. Using a simplified setup of the DCS, simulations were performed at various off-axis locations corresponding to beam deflection angles ranging from 0° to 2.5°. At each off-axis location, focused (trimmer rotated) and unfocused (trimmer not rotated) simulations were performed. In all simulations, a 4 cm water equivalent thickness range shifter was placed upstream of the collimator, and a voxelized water phantom that scored dose was placed downstream, each with 4 cm airgaps.

RESULTS: Increasing the beam deflection angle for an unfocused trimmer caused the collimated edge of the beamlet profile to shift 0.08-0.61 mm from the baseline 0° simulation. There was also an increase in low-dose regions on the collimated edge ranging from 14.6% to 192.4%. Lastly, the maximum dose, D max , was 0-5% higher for the unfocused simulations. With a focused trimmer design, the profile shift and dose increases were all eliminated.

CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that focusing a collimator in spot scanning proton therapy reduces dose at the collimated edge compared to conventional, unfocused collimation devices and presented a simple, mechanical design for achieving focusing for a range of source-to-collimator distances.

PMID:32170750 | PMC:PMC7375903 | DOI:10.1002/mp.14139

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To investigate deformable image registration (DIR) and multi-fractional dose accumulation accuracy of a clinical MR-guided online adaptive radiotherapy (MRgoART) program, utilizing clinically-based magnitudes of abdominal deformation vector fields (DVFs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A heterogeneous anthropomorphic multi-modality abdominal deformable phantom was comprised of MR and CT anatomically-relevant materials. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were affixed within regions of interest (ROIs). CT and MR simulation scans were acquired. CT was deformed to MR for dose calculations. MRgoART was executed on a MR-linac (MRIdian) for 5 Gy/5 fractions. Before each fraction, a deformation was applied. Ground truth was known for ROI volume, TLD position, and TLD dose measured by an accredited dosimetry calibration laboratory. To validate the range of applied deformations, phantom DVFs were compared to DVFs of clinical abdominal MRgoART fractions. MR-MR deformation accuracy was quantified through dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Hausdorff distance (HD), mean distance-to-agreement (MDA), and as mean-absolute-error (MAE) for CT-MR-MR deformation. Arithmetic-summation of calculated dose at respective TLD positions and deform-accumulated dose (MIM) was compared to TLD measured dose, respectively. MR-MR deformation statistics were quantified for MRIdian and MIM.

RESULTS: Mean phantom DVFs were 5.0 ± 2.9 mm compared to mean DVF of clinical abdominal patients at 5.2 ± 3.0 mm. Respective mean DSC, HD, MDA was 0.93 ± 0.03, 0.74 ± 0.80 cm, 0.08 ± 0.03 cm for MRIdian and 0.93 ± 0.03, 0.54 ± 0.27 cm, 0.08 ± 0.03 cm for MIM (N = 80 ROIs). Mean MAE was 20.5 HU. Respective mean and median dose differences were 0.3%, -0.3% for arithmetic-summation and 4.1%, 0.6% for deformed-accumulation. Maximum differences were 0.21 Gy (arithmetic-summation), 0.31 Gy (deformed-accumulation).

CONCLUSIONS: MRgoART deformation and dosimetric accuracy has been benchmarked for mean fractional DVFs of 5 mm in a multiple-rigid-body deformable phantom. Deformation accuracy was within TG132 criteria and clinically acceptable end-to-end MRgoART dosimetric agreement was observed for this phantom. Further efforts are needed in validation of deform-accumulated dose.

PMID:32146260 | DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2020.02.012

This work describes a novel application of MR-guided online adaptive radiotherapy (MRgoART) in the management of patients whom urgent palliative care is indicated using statum-adaptive radiotherapy (STAT-ART). The implementation of STAT-ART, as performed at our institution, is presented including a discussion of the advantages and limitations compared to the standard of care for palliative radiotherapy on conventional c-arm linacs. MR-based treatment planning techniques of STAT-ART for density overrides and deformable image registration (DIR) of diagnostic CT to the treatment MR are also addressed.

PMID:31696053 | PMC:PMC6817496 | DOI:10.3389/fonc.2019.01013

The dynamic collimation system (DCS) can be combined with pencil beam scanning proton therapy to deliver highly conformal treatment plans with unique collimation at each energy layer. This energy layer-specific collimation is accomplished through the synchronized motion of four trimmer blades that intercept the proton beam near the target boundary in the beam's eye view. However, the corresponding treatment deliveries come at the cost of additional treatment time since the translational speed of the trimmer is slower than the scanning speed of the proton pencil beam. In an attempt to minimize the additional trimmer sequencing time of each field while still maintaining a high degree of conformity, a novel process utilizing ant colony optimization (ACO) methods was created to determine the most efficient route of trimmer sequencing and beamlet scanning patterns for a collective set of collimated proton beamlets. The ACO process was integrated within an in-house treatment planning system optimizer to determine the beam scanning and DCS trimmer sequencing patterns and compared against an analytical approximation of the trimmer sequencing time should a contour-like scanning approach be assumed instead. Due to the stochastic nature of ACO, parameters where determined so that they could ensure good convergence and an efficient optimization of trimmer sequencing that was faster than an analytical contour-like trimmer sequencing. The optimization process was tested using a set of three intracranial treatment plans which were planned using a custom research treatment planning system and were successfully optimized to reduce the additional trimmer sequencing time to approximately 60 s per treatment field while maintaining a high degree of target conformity. Thus, the novel use of ACO techniques within a treatment planning algorithm has been demonstrated to effectively determine collimation sequencing patterns for a DCS in order to minimize the additional treatment time required for trimmer movement during treatment.

PMID:31484170 | PMC:PMC6995666 | DOI:10.1088/1361-6560/ab416d

PURPOSE: Patients receiving pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy with the addition of a dynamic collimation system (DCS) are potentially subject to an additional neutron dose from interactions between the incident proton beam and the trimmer blades. This study investigates the secondary neutron dose rates for both single-field uniform dose (SFUD) and intensity modulated proton therapy treatments.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Secondary neutron dose distributions were calculated for both a dynamically collimated and an uncollimated, dual-field chordoma treatment plan and compared with previously published neutron dose rates from other contemporary scanning treatment modalities. Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code was used to track all primary and secondary particles generated from nuclear reactions within the DCS during treatment through a model of the patient geometry acquired from the computed tomography planning data set. Secondary neutron ambient dose equivalent distributions were calculated throughout the patient using a meshgrid with a tally resolution equivalent to that of the treatment planning computed tomography.

RESULTS: The median healthy-brain neutron ambient dose equivalent for a dynamically collimated intracranial chordoma treatment plan using a DCS was found to be 0.97 mSv/Gy for the right lateral SFUD field, 1.37 mSv/Gy for the apex SFUD field, and 1.24 mSv/Gy for the composite intensity modulated proton therapy distribution from 2 fields.

CONCLUSIONS: These results were at least 55% lower than what has been reported for uniform scanning modalities with brass apertures. However, they still reflect an increase in the excess relative risk of secondary cancer incidence compared with an uncollimated PBS treatment using only a graphite range shifter. Regardless, the secondary neutron dose expected from the DCS for these PBS proton therapy treatments appears to be on the order of, or below, what is expected for alternative collimated proton therapy techniques.

PMID:30114462 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.08.012

Magnetic resonance-guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) offers advantages for image guidance for radiotherapy treatments as compared to conventional computed tomography (CT)-based modalities. The superior soft tissue contrast of magnetic resonance (MR) enables an improved visualization of the gross tumor and adjacent normal tissues in the treatment of abdominal and thoracic malignancies. Online adaptive capabilities, coupled with advanced motion management of real-time tracking of the tumor, directly allow for high-precision inter-/intrafraction localization. The primary aim of this case series is to describe MR-based interventions for localizing targets not well-visualized with conventional image-guided technologies. The abdominal and thoracic sites of the lung, kidney, liver, and gastric targets are described to illustrate the technological advancement of MR-guidance in radiotherapy.

PMID:29872602 | PMC:PMC5985918 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.2422

The dosimetric stability of six TomoTherapy units was analyzed to investigate changes in performance over time and with system upgrades. Energy and output were tracked using monitor chamber signal, onboard megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) detector profile, and external ion chamber measurements. The systems (and monitoring periods) include three Hi-Art (67, 61, and 65 mos.), two TomoHDA (31 and 26 mos.), and one Radixact unit (11 mos.), representing approximately 10 years of clinical use. The four newest systems use the Dose Control Stability (DCS) system and Fixed Target Linear Accelerator (linac) (FTL). The output stability is reported as deviation from reference monitor chamber signal for all systems and/or from an external chamber signal. The energy stability was monitored using relative (center versus off-axis) MVCT detector signal (beam profile) and/or the ratio of chamber measurements at 2 depths. The clinical TomoHDA data were used to benchmark the Radixact stability, which has the same FTL but runs at a higher dose rate. The output based on monitor chamber data of all systems is very stable. The standard deviation of daily output on the non-DCS systems was 0.94-1.52%. As expected, the DCS systems had improved standard deviation: 0.004-0.06%. The beam energy was also very stable for all units. The standard deviation in profile flatness was 0.23-0.62% for rotating target systems and 0.04-0.09% for FTL. Ion chamber output and PDD ratios supported these results. The output stability on the Radixact system during extended treatment delivery (20, 30, and 40 min) was comparable to a clinical TomoHDA system. For each system, results are consistent between different measurement tools and techniques, proving not only the dosimetric stability, but also these quality parameters can be confirmed with various metrics. The replacement history over extended time periods of the major dosimetric components of the different delivery systems (target, linac, and magnetron) is also reported.

PMID:28464517 | PMC:PMC5689853 | DOI:10.1002/acm2.12085

PURPOSE: Magnetic resonance imaging-guided radiation therapy has entered clinical practice at several major treatment centers. Treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer with stereotactic body radiation therapy is one potential application of this modality, as some form of respiratory motion management is important to address. We hypothesize that magnetic resonance imaging-guided tri-cobalt-60 radiation therapy can be used to generate clinically acceptable stereotactic body radiation therapy treatment plans. Here, we report on a dosimetric comparison between magnetic resonance imaging-guided radiation therapy plans and internal target volume-based plans utilizing volumetric-modulated arc therapy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer who underwent radiation therapy planning and treatment were studied. Following 4-dimensional computed tomography, patient images were used to generate clinically deliverable plans. For volumetric-modulated arc therapy plans, the planning tumor volume was defined as an internal target volume + 0.5 cm. For magnetic resonance imaging-guided plans, a single mid-inspiratory cycle was used to define a gross tumor volume, then expanded 0.3 cm to the planning tumor volume. Treatment plan parameters were compared.

RESULTS: Planning tumor volumes trended larger for volumetric-modulated arc therapy-based plans, with a mean planning tumor volume of 47.4 mL versus 24.8 mL for magnetic resonance imaging-guided plans ( P = .08). Clinically acceptable plans were achievable via both methods, with bilateral lung V20, 3.9% versus 4.8% ( P = .62). The volume of chest wall receiving greater than 30 Gy was also similar, 22.1 versus 19.8 mL ( P = .78), as were all other parameters commonly used for lung stereotactic body radiation therapy. The ratio of the 50% isodose volume to planning tumor volume was lower in volumetric-modulated arc therapy plans, 4.19 versus 10.0 ( P < .001). Heterogeneity index was comparable between plans, 1.25 versus 1.25 ( P = .98).

CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance imaging-guided tri-cobalt-60 radiation therapy is capable of delivering lung high-quality stereotactic body radiation therapy plans that are clinically acceptable as compared to volumetric-modulated arc therapy-based plans. Real-time magnetic resonance imaging provides the unique capacity to directly observe tumor motion during treatment for purposes of motion management.

PMID:28168936 | PMC:PMC5616053 | DOI:10.1177/1533034617691407

SBRT is increasingly utilized in liver tumor treatment. MRI-guided RT allows for real-time MRI tracking during therapy. Liver tumors are often poorly visualized and most contrast agents are transient. Gadoxetate may allow for sustained tumor visualization. Here, we report on the first use of gadoxetate during real-time MRI-guided SBRT.

PMID:26627702 | DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2015.10.024

PURPOSE: To introduce a method to model the 3D dose distribution of laterally asymmetric proton beamlets resulting from collimation. The model enables rapid beamlet calculation for spot scanning (SS) delivery using a novel penumbra-reducing dynamic collimation system (DCS) with two pairs of trimmers oriented perpendicular to each other.

METHODS: Trimmed beamlet dose distributions in water were simulated with MCNPX and the collimating effects noted in the simulations were validated by experimental measurement. The simulated beamlets were modeled analytically using integral depth dose curves along with an asymmetric Gaussian function to represent fluence in the beam's eye view (BEV). The BEV parameters consisted of Gaussian standard deviations (sigmas) along each primary axis (σ(x1),σ(x2),σ(y1),σ(y2)) together with the spatial location of the maximum dose (μ(x),μ(y)). Percent depth dose variation with trimmer position was accounted for with a depth-dependent correction function. Beamlet growth with depth was accounted for by combining the in-air divergence with Hong's fit of the Highland approximation along each axis in the BEV.

RESULTS: The beamlet model showed excellent agreement with the Monte Carlo simulation data used as a benchmark. The overall passing rate for a 3D gamma test with 3%/3 mm passing criteria was 96.1% between the analytical model and Monte Carlo data in an example treatment plan.

CONCLUSIONS: The analytical model is capable of accurately representing individual asymmetric beamlets resulting from use of the DCS. This method enables integration of the DCS into a treatment planning system to perform dose computation in patient datasets. The method could be generalized for use with any SS collimation system in which blades, leaves, or trimmers are used to laterally sharpen beamlets.

PMID:25735287 | PMC:PMC5360162 | DOI:10.1118/1.4907965

Contact Information

College Health Physician

• Madison, Wisconsin
• UNIV HEALTH SERVICES/CLINICAL MEDICINE-GEN
• Health and Wellness Services
• Staff-Full Time
• Opening at: Jul 12 2024 at 09:05 CDT
• Closing at: Aug 10 2024 at 23:55 CDT

Job Summary:

Prescribe your Future: Join our Medical Team! University Health Services (UHS) is looking for a Primary Care Physician that will work collaboratively with the interdisciplinary treatment team to provide exceptional patient care. This individual will a bring a passion for providing medical services tailored to student's needs and support and champion an integrated and holistic care model. Additionally, they will participate in quality improvement programming, advise on best practices and clinical standards, and may choose to participate in the education of medical students, residents, fellows, and allied health professional learners. **Start date can be flexible based on situation. Founded in 1848, UW-Madison is the flagship institution of the University of Wisconsin System and a land-grant research university committed to excellence in research, teaching, and public service. It consistently ranks among the world's top research universities and draws on revenues of more than $2.4 billion annually. It has a student body of approximately 50,000 and a faculty and staff of approximately 25,000. UHS is the student health center at UW-Madison, and it provides comprehensive medical and mental health care, and prevention services to members of the UW-Madison campus community.

Responsibilities:

• 40% Examines, assesses, and treats patients
• 10% Reviews patient records and updates patient medical history
• 10% Orders, performs, reviews, and interprets diagnostic test results
• 10% Develops and communicates plan of treatment with patients and other members of the patient care team as required for treatment
• 10% Counsels patients on preventive healthcare and treatment options
• 20% Serves as a subject matter expert in field of practice to other healthcare practitioners for complex patients cases or incorporating new medical techniques or standards into clinical practice

Institutional Statement on Diversity:

Diversity is a source of strength, creativity, and innovation for UW-Madison. We value the contributions of each person and respect the profound ways their identity, culture, background, experience, status, abilities, and opinion enrich the university community. We commit ourselves to the pursuit of excellence in teaching, research, outreach, and diversity as inextricably linked goals. The University of Wisconsin-Madison fulfills its public mission by creating a welcoming and inclusive community for people from every background - people who as students, faculty, and staff serve Wisconsin and the world. For more information on diversity and inclusion on campus, please visit: Diversity and Inclusion

Required Terminal Degree MD or DO degree with completed residency in Pediatrics (additional specialization in Adolescent Medicine Required), Emergency Medicine, Family Medicine, or Internal Medicine

Qualifications:

Required --2 years post training clinical experience --Experience providing clinical assessment and treatment for acute illnesses, injuries, chronic problems, preventive care, and health counseling in an ambulatory setting. --Commitment to health promotion and primary care, interest in teaching and training, sensitivity to a diverse student community, and a demonstrated ability to provide culturally competent and sensitive medical services to a racially, ethnically, and culturally diverse population. Preferred --Experience in evaluation and treatment of musculoskeletal injuries and office procedures including, but not limited to laceration repair, incision and drainage, skin biopsy, and ingrown toenail removal OR willingness to learn procedures -- Experience in caring for patients with anxiety and depression -- Experience and/or interest in caring for patients with disordered eating

License/Certification:

Required DO - Physician (Do) - State Licensure Current Licensure or eligibility to become licensed as a physician in the state of Wisconsin. Board Certification in Primary Specialty required. Board Eligible physicians will be considered only during their 1st post-graduate year. Required MD - Physician - State Licensure Current Licensure or eligibility to become licensed as a physician in the state of Wisconsin. Board Certification in Primary Specialty required. Board Eligible physicians will be considered only during their 1st post-graduate year.

Full Time: 100% It is anticipated this position requires work be performed in-person, onsite, at a designated campus work location.

Appointment Type, Duration:

Ongoing/Renewable

Negotiable ANNUAL (12 months)

Additional Information:

UHS is part of Student Affairs at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, led by the vice chancellor for student affairs. Our staff is dedicated to serving students and to helping them succeed in and out of the classroom in areas including health and well-being, identity and inclusion, leadership and engagement, and student advocacy. Student Affairs includes departments led by the dean of students; departments that provide identity-based spaces and leadership resources; the Wisconsin Union; University Health Services; and University Recreation and Wellbeing. Successful applicants are responsible for ensuring their eligibility to work in the United States (i.e. a citizen or national of the United States, a lawful permanent resident, a foreign national authorized to work in the United States without need of employer sponsorship) on or before the effective date of appointment. A criminal background check will be conducted prior to hiring.

How to Apply:

Please click on the "Apply Now" button to start the application process. You will be required to log in or create an account to continue. Please upload a cover letter and resume to apply. You will also be asked to provide the contact information for three professional references, one of which should be a current or former supervisor. This vacancy is being announced simultaneously with job PVL # 301087 and job PVL #301076 There is only one position available. Having three job postings allows University Health Services to consider candidates with Nurse Practitioner, Physician Assistant or Physician credentials for this position. This posting is for candidates with the following credentials: Physician For candidates with Nurse Practitioner credentials, please see job [PVL # 301087]. For candidates with Physician Assistant credentials, please see job [PVL # 301076]. Please make sure your cover letter references your licensing status. Selected candidate must be licensed in the state of Wisconsin prior to start date.

Karin Butikofer [email protected] 608-890-2860 Relay Access (WTRS): 7-1-1. See RELAY_SERVICE for further information.

Official Title:

Physician(HS035)

Department(s):

A57-UNIV HEALTH SERVICES/CL SVCS/PRIMARY CARE

Employment Class:

Academic Staff-Renewable

Job Number:

The university of wisconsin-madison is an equal opportunity and affirmative action employer..

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School of Engineering welcomes new faculty

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The School of Engineering welcomes 15 new faculty members across six of its academic departments. This new cohort of faculty members, who have either recently started their roles at MIT or will start within the next year, conduct research across a diverse range of disciplines.

Many of these new faculty specialize in research that intersects with multiple fields. In addition to positions in the School of Engineering, a number of these faculty have positions at other units across MIT. Faculty with appointments in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) report into both the School of Engineering and the MIT Stephen A. Schwarzman College of Computing. This year, new faculty also have joint appointments between the School of Engineering and the School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences and the School of Science.

“I am delighted to welcome this cohort of talented new faculty to the School of Engineering,” says Anantha Chandrakasan, chief innovation and strategy officer, dean of engineering, and Vannevar Bush Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. “I am particularly struck by the interdisciplinary approach many of these new faculty take in their research. They are working in areas that are poised to have tremendous impact. I look forward to seeing them grow as researchers and educators.”

The new engineering faculty include:

Stephen Bates joined the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science as an assistant professor in September 2023. He is also a member of the Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems (LIDS). Bates uses data and AI for reliable decision-making in the presence of uncertainty. In particular, he develops tools for statistical inference with AI models, data impacted by strategic behavior, and settings with distribution shift. Bates also works on applications in life sciences and sustainability. He previously worked as a postdoc in the Statistics and EECS departments at the University of California at Berkeley (UC Berkeley). Bates received a BS in statistics and mathematics at Harvard University and a PhD from Stanford University.

Abigail Bodner joined the Department of EECS and Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences as an assistant professor in January. She is also a member of the LIDS. Bodner’s research interests span climate, physical oceanography, geophysical fluid dynamics, and turbulence. Previously, she worked as a Simons Junior Fellow at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at New York University. Bodner received her BS in geophysics and mathematics and MS in geophysics from Tel Aviv University, and her SM in applied mathematics and PhD from Brown University.

Andreea Bobu ’17 will join the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics as an assistant professor in July. Her research sits at the intersection of robotics, mathematical human modeling, and deep learning. Previously, she was a research scientist at the Boston Dynamics AI Institute, focusing on how robots and humans can efficiently arrive at shared representations of their tasks for more seamless and reliable interactions. Bobu earned a BS in computer science and engineering from MIT and a PhD in electrical engineering and computer science from UC Berkeley.

Suraj Cheema will join the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, with a joint appointment in the Department of EECS, as an assistant professor in July. His research explores atomic-scale engineering of electronic materials to tackle challenges related to energy consumption, storage, and generation, aiming for more sustainable microelectronics. This spans computing and energy technologies via integrated ferroelectric devices. He previously worked as a postdoc at UC Berkeley. Cheema earned a BS in applied physics and applied mathematics from Columbia University and a PhD in materials science and engineering from UC Berkeley.

Samantha Coday joins the Department of EECS as an assistant professor in July. She will also be a member of the MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics. Her research interests include ultra-dense power converters enabling renewable energy integration, hybrid electric aircraft and future space exploration. To enable high-performance converters for these critical applications her research focuses on the optimization, design, and control of hybrid switched-capacitor converters. Coday earned a BS in electrical engineering and mathematics from Southern Methodist University and an MS and a PhD in electrical engineering and computer science from UC Berkeley.

Mitchell Gordon will join the Department of EECS as an assistant professor in July. He will also be a member of the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. In his research, Gordon designs interactive systems and evaluation approaches that bridge principles of human-computer interaction with the realities of machine learning. He currently works as a postdoc at the University of Washington. Gordon received a BS from the University of Rochester, and MS and PhD from Stanford University, all in computer science.

Kaiming He joined the Department of EECS as an associate professor in February. He will also be a member of the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL). His research interests cover a wide range of topics in computer vision and deep learning. He is currently focused on building computer models that can learn representations and develop intelligence from and for the complex world. Long term, he hopes to augment human intelligence with improved artificial intelligence. Before joining MIT, He was a research scientist at Facebook AI. He earned a BS from Tsinghua University and a PhD from the Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Anna Huang SM ’08 will join the departments of EECS and Music and Theater Arts as assistant professor in September. She will help develop graduate programming focused on music technology. Previously, she spent eight years with Magenta at Google Brain and DeepMind, spearheading efforts in generative modeling, reinforcement learning, and human-computer interaction to support human-AI partnerships in music-making. She is the creator of Music Transformer and Coconet (which powered the Bach Google Doodle). She was a judge and organizer for the AI Song Contest. Anna holds a Canada CIFAR AI Chair at Mila, a BM in music composition, and BS in computer science from the University of Southern California, an MS from the MIT Media Lab, and a PhD from Harvard University.

Yael Kalai PhD ’06 will join the Department of EECS as a professor in September. She is also a member of CSAIL. Her research interests include cryptography, the theory of computation, and security and privacy. Kalai currently focuses on both the theoretical and real-world applications of cryptography, including work on succinct and easily verifiable non-interactive proofs. She received her bachelor’s degree from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, a master’s degree at the Weizmann Institute of Science, and a PhD from MIT.

Sendhil Mullainathan will join the departments of EECS and Economics as a professor in July. His research uses machine learning to understand complex problems in human behavior, social policy, and medicine. Previously, Mullainathan spent five years at MIT before joining the faculty at Harvard in 2004, and then the University of Chicago in 2018. He received his BA in computer science, mathematics, and economics from Cornell University and his PhD from Harvard University.

Alex Rives  will join the Department of EECS as an assistant professor in September, with a core membership in the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. In his research, Rives is focused on AI for scientific understanding, discovery, and design for biology. Rives worked with Meta as a New York University graduate student, where he founded and led the Evolutionary Scale Modeling team that developed large language models for proteins. Rives received his BS in philosophy and biology from Yale University and is completing his PhD in computer science at NYU.

Sungho Shin will join the Department of Chemical Engineering as an assistant professor in July. His research interests include control theory, optimization algorithms, high-performance computing, and their applications to decision-making in complex systems, such as energy infrastructures. Shin is a postdoc at the Mathematics and Computer Science Division at Argonne National Laboratory. He received a BS in mathematics and chemical engineering from Seoul National University and a PhD in chemical engineering from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Jessica Stark joined the Department of Biological Engineering as an assistant professor in January. In her research, Stark is developing technologies to realize the largely untapped potential of cell-surface sugars, called glycans, for immunological discovery and immunotherapy. Previously, Stark was an American Cancer Society postdoc at Stanford University. She earned a BS in chemical and biomolecular engineering from Cornell University and a PhD in chemical and biological engineering at Northwestern University.

Thomas John “T.J.” Wallin joined the Department of Materials Science and Engineering as an assistant professor in January. As a researcher, Wallin’s interests lay in advanced manufacturing of functional soft matter, with an emphasis on soft wearable technologies and their applications in human-computer interfaces. Previously, he was a research scientist at Meta’s Reality Labs Research working in their haptic interaction team. Wallin earned a BS in physics and chemistry from the College of William and Mary, and an MS and PhD in materials science and engineering from Cornell University.

Gioele Zardini joined the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering as an assistant professor in September. He will also join LIDS and the Institute for Data, Systems, and Society. Driven by societal challenges, Zardini’s research interests include the co-design of sociotechnical systems, compositionality in engineering, applied category theory, decision and control, optimization, and game theory, with society-critical applications to intelligent transportation systems, autonomy, and complex networks and infrastructures. He received his BS, MS, and PhD in mechanical engineering with a focus on robotics, systems, and control from ETH Zurich, and spent time at MIT, Stanford University, and Motional.

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PhD Program

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Program Overview

The PhD is the highest degree conferred by the University. It is a research degree, with the following general requirements:

• Minimum of 51 graduate level credits.  These credits may include research (Physics 990); they must include the five core courses (Physics 711, 715, 721, 731, and 732) and a minor program | List of Physics Courses
• Pass Qualifying (“Qualifier”) and Preliminary (“Prelim”) Examinations at the Ph.D. level
• Thesis on original research topic and thesis defense to the student’s doctoral thesis committee

The completion of a program of original research is the critical component of each student’s PhD Program. An early start in selecting a research area and a doctoral advisor is encouraged and expected; students in the Physics PhD program may select any physics faculty member or affiliate member . The department is open and informal, and professors are always eager to talk with students who are interested in working in their research areas. An important goal of a first-year graduate student is to secure a research assistantship for the summer following the first academic year.

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Department Overview

The Department of Physics has a strong tradition of graduate study and research in astrophysics; atomic, molecular, and optical physics; condensed matter physics; high energy and particle physics; plasma physics; quantum computing; and string theory. There are many facilities for carrying out world-class  research . We have a large professional staff: 45 full-time  faculty  members, affiliated faculty members holding joint appointments with other departments, scientists, senior scientists, and postdocs. There are over 175 graduate students in the department who come from many countries around the world. More complete information on the graduate program, the faculty, and research groups is available at the  department website . 

Research specialties include:

Theoretical Physics

Astrophysics; atomic, molecular, and optical physics; condensed matter physics; cosmology; elementary particle physics; nuclear physics; phenomenology; plasmas and fusion; quantum computing; statistical and thermal physics; string theory.

Experimental Physics

Astrophysics; atomic, molecular, and optical physics; biophysics; condensed matter physics; cosmology; elementary particle physics; neutrino physics; experimental studies of superconductors; medical physics; nuclear physics; plasma physics; quantum computing; spectroscopy.

PhD Degree Details

The PhD degree requires successful completion of advanced course work in physics (required core coursework), completion of a minor, and passage of the qualifying and preliminary examinations. However, the PhD is primarily a research degree, awarded only upon completion of substantial original research. This broad range of research opportunities makes the department especially attractive to beginning students who have not yet chosen a field of specialization. The program provides the background, experience, and credentials needed for employment as a professional physicist in research or education. All admitted PhD students typically receive financial support in the form of teaching or research assistantships and fellowships. 

Please consult the table below for key information about this degree program’s admissions requirements. The program may have more detailed admissions requirements, which can be found below the table or on the program’s website.

Graduate admissions is a two-step process between academic programs and the Graduate School. Applicants must meet the minimum requirements of the Graduate School as well as the program(s). Once you have researched the graduate program(s) you are interested in, apply online .

The Department of Physics does not require the subject GRE for admission.  However, if students submit the score, the admissions committee will review it as part of the application.  

The general GRE will not be considered even if submitted. The subject GRE is recommended in these circumstances:

• If your transcript does not accurately reflect your academic strengths.
• If including the score would significantly strengthen your application.
• If you are particularly interested in pursuing Physics Theory as a research focus.

Admission is competitive. All applicants are reviewed and evaluated on the basis of previous academic record, three letters of recommendation, statement of purpose for graduate studies, and resume. All eligible applicants with complete files are considered for teaching or research assistantships and fellowships. To be considered for admission, students must submit all application materials via the Graduate School electronic application site by the application deadline.

Graduate School Resources

Resources to help you afford graduate study might include assistantships, fellowships, traineeships, and financial aid.  Further funding information is available from the Graduate School. Be sure to check with your program for individual policies and restrictions related to funding.

Financial support for PhD students in physics

All admitted PhD students are provided with a guarantee of financial support. Typically, a graduate student is first appointed as a teaching assistant. Teaching assistants assist faculty members in the introductory physics courses, generally by teaching discussion and laboratory sections. Later, as a research assistant, the student works with a major professor on a mutually agreed research program. Tuition is remitted for teaching assistant and research assistant appointments greater than one-third time or greater.  However, all students must still pay the segregated fees and any additional university fees each semester.

Teaching Assistantships

The typical first appointment for a beginning graduate student is a teaching assistantship (TA). A teaching assistantship is both a teaching position and a means of support for graduate study. It is normally advantageous for a graduate student to hold a TA position for at least a semester during graduate studies, since the teaching activity solidifies and deepens the teaching assistant's undergraduate education in physics and also helps prepare for a possible career in teaching.

Research Assistantships

Research assistantships are made available by individual professors to students who have decided on their field of research. Most departmental RA appointments are made for an annual (12-month) period. Students who wish to be considered for an RA appointment should contact the faculty directly.

Fellowships

Fellowships, including University Fellowships and Advanced Opportunity Fellowships, are awarded by the College of Letters & Science and the Graduate School upon recommendation of the Department of Physics. In addition, the department may have additional fellowships — funded by endowments from physics department alumni — available for first-year graduate students.

Minimum Graduate School Requirements

Major requirements.

Review the Graduate School minimum academic progress and degree requirements , in addition to the program requirements listed below.

Mode of Instruction

Mode of Instruction Definitions

Accelerated: Accelerated programs are offered at a fast pace that condenses the time to completion. Students typically take enough credits aimed at completing the program in a year or two.

Evening/Weekend: ​Courses meet on the UW–Madison campus only in evenings and/or on weekends to accommodate typical business schedules.  Students have the advantages of face-to-face courses with the flexibility to keep work and other life commitments.

Face-to-Face: Courses typically meet during weekdays on the UW-Madison Campus.

Hybrid: These programs combine face-to-face and online learning formats.  Contact the program for more specific information.

Online: These programs are offered 100% online.  Some programs may require an on-campus orientation or residency experience, but the courses will be facilitated in an online format.

Curricular Requirements

Required Courses

Graduate School Policies

The  Graduate School’s Academic Policies and Procedures  provide essential information regarding general university policies. Program authority to set degree policies beyond the minimum required by the Graduate School lies with the degree program faculty. Policies set by the academic degree program can be found below.

Major-Specific Policies

Prior coursework, graduate credits earned at other institutions.

Refer to the Graduate School: Transfer Credits for Prior Coursework policy.

Undergraduate Credits Earned at Other Institutions or UW-Madison

Up to 7 credits in courses numbered 500 or above from UW-Madison may transfer to satisfy minimum degree requirements.  Credits to not transfer from other institutions.

Credits Earned as a Professional Student at UW-Madison (Law, Medicine, Pharmacy, and Veterinary careers)

Credits earned as a university special student at uw–madison.

With program approval, students are allowed to transfer no more than 15 credits of coursework numbered 500 or above taken as a UW-Madison University Special student.  Coursework earned ten or more years prior to admission to a doctoral degree is not allowed to satisfy requirements.

Refer to the Graduate School: Probation policy.

Advisor / Committee

All incoming students are assigned a faculty mentoring committee upon matriculation. The responsibility to acquire (choose and be accepted by) a major professor (permanent advisor) is entirely with the student. Acceptance for PhD research by a professor depends on the professor’s appraisal of the student’s potential for research and on the ability/willingness of the professor to accept a student at that time. Often the major professor will offer support in the form of a research assistantship, but this is not always possible, and students may need to work as a teaching assistants while performing thesis research.

Graduate students should begin research work as early as possible. Students are encouraged to acquire a major professor (advisor) and begin research by the end of the second semester. Summer is the ideal time to begin research unencumbered by coursework or teaching.

At the time of the preliminary examination, the major professor and at least two additional faculty members will form a committee that will evaluate and advise the student. 

At the time of the final oral defense, the major professor and at least two additional faculty members will form a committee that will evaluate the student.  All PhD Committee members will serve as readers of the student's thesis.

Credits Per Term Allowed

Time limits.

Refer to the Graduate School: Time Limits policy.

Grievances and Appeals

These resources may be helpful in addressing your concerns:

• Bias or Hate Reporting  
• Graduate Assistantship Policies and Procedures
• Office of the Provost for Faculty and Staff Affairs
• Employee Assistance (for personal counseling and workplace consultation around communication and conflict involving graduate assistants and other employees, post-doctoral students, faculty and staff)
• Employee Disability Resource Office (for qualified employees or applicants with disabilities to have equal employment opportunities)
• Graduate School (for informal advice at any level of review and for official appeals of program/departmental or school/college grievance decisions)
• Office of Compliance (for class harassment and discrimination, including sexual harassment and sexual violence)
• Office Student Assistance and Support (OSAS)  (for all students to seek grievance assistance and support)
• Office of Student Conduct and Community Standards (for conflicts involving students)
• Ombuds Office for Faculty and Staff (for employed graduate students and post-docs, as well as faculty and staff)
• Title IX (for concerns about discrimination)

Students should contact the department chair or program director with questions about grievances. They may also contact the L&S Academic Divisional Associate Deans, the L&S Associate Dean for Teaching and Learning Administration, or the L&S Director of Human Resources.

Typical funding is through 50% assistantships. Typically, all enrolled PhD students are funded for the duration of their degree. All programs are full-time and require full-time student enrollment during fall and spring terms.

• Professional Development

Take advantage of the Graduate School's  professional development resources to build skills, thrive academically, and launch your career. 

Program Resources

Students are encouraged to attend Graduate School sponsored Professional Development events and participate in Graduate School Professional Development resources, such as the Individual Development Plan (IDP).

In addition, PhD students in Physics have multiple opportunities for professional development throughout their graduate careers. As an integral part of the research experience, students regularly work at places such as CERN, national laboratories (Argonne, FermiLab), and the IceCube Neutrino observatory at the South Pole to name a few.

Students are encouraged to travel to relevant conferences across the U.S. and around the world. Students regularly attend the annual American Physical Society (APS) March Meeting and are encouraged to attend APS meetings in their sub-field throughout the year. Often students attend summer schools at various host institutions to expand their knowledge and to interact with fellow scientists in the field.    

• Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate mastery of the core physical concepts (Classical Mechanics, Electricity & Magnetism, Quantum Mechanics, and Statistical Mechanics).
• Evaluates or synthesizes information pertaining to questions or challenges in physics.
• Engages appropriately and communicates clearly with other research professionals in physics.
• Formulates and plans original research.
• Creates research, scholarship, or performance that makes a substantive contribution to the field of physics.
• Gains a broad awareness of the status of contemporary research beyond the student’s area of specialization.

More detail about each faculty member and the research areas can be found on the Physics website.

Yang Bai, Professor Baha Balantekin, Eugene P. Wigner Professor Vernon Barger, Van Vleck Professor and Vilas Research Professor Keith Bechtol, Associate Professor Kevin Black, Professor Stanislav Boldyrev, Professor Uwe Bergmann, Martin L. Pearl Professor in Ultrafast X-Ray Science Tulika Bose, Professor Victor Brar, Van Vleck Associate Professor Duncan Carlsmith, Professor Daniel Chung, Professor Susan Coppersmith, Emeriuts Robert E. Fassnacht Professor and Vilas Research Professor Kyle Cranmer, Professor & Data Science Institute Director Sridhara Dasu, Professor Jan Egedal, Professor Mark Eriksson, John Bardeen Professor and Department Chair Ilya Esterlis, Assistant Professor Lisa Everett, Professor Ke Fang, Assistant Professor Cary Forest, Prager Professor of Experimental Physics Pupa Gilbert, Vilas Distinguished Achievement Professor Francis Halzen, Gregory Breit Professor, Hilldale Professor, & Vilas Research Professor Kael Hanson, Professor Aki Hashimoto, Professor Matthew Herndon, Professor Robert Joynt, Emeritus Professor Albrecht Karle, Professor Roman Kuzmin, Dunson Cheng Assistant Professor Alex Levchenko, Professor Lu Lyu (aka Lu Lu), Assistant Professor Dan McCammon, Professor Robert McDermott, Professor Moritz Muenchmeyer, Assistant Professor Yibin Pan, Associate Professor Brian Rebel, Professor Mark Rzchowski, Associate Chair and Professor Mark Saffman, Professor John Sarff, Professor Gary Shiu, Professor Paul Terry, Professor Peter Timbie, Professor Justin Vandenbroucke, Associate Professor Maxim Vavilov, Professor Thad Walker, Vilas Distinguished Achievement Professor Sau Lan Wu, Enrico Fermi Professor, Hilldale Professor, and Vilas Research Professor Deniz Yavuz, Professor Ellen Zweibel, William L Kraushaar Professor of Astronomy & Physics

Affiliated Faculty

David Anderson, Professor, Electrical & Computer Engineering Paul Campagnola, Professor, Biomedical Engineering Jennifer Choy, Assistant Professor, Engineering Physics Elena D'Onghia, Professor, Astronomy Chang-Beom Eom, Professor, Materials Science & Engineering Chris Hegna, Professor, Engineering Physics Sebastian Heinz, Professor, Astronomy Mikhail Kats, Associate Professor, Electrical & Computer Engineering Jason Kawasaki, Associate Professor, Materials Science & Engineering Irena Knezevic, Professor, Electrical & Computer Engineering Alexandre Lazarian, Professor, Astronomy Daniel Rhodes, Assistant Professor, Materials Science & Engineering Oliver Schmitz, Professor, Engineering Physics Micheline Soley, Assistant Professor, Chemistry Carl Sovinec, Professor, Engineering Physics Richard Townsend, Professor, Astronomy Ying Wang, Assistant Professor, Materials Science & Engineering Jun Xiao, Assistant Professor, Materials Science & Engineering

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Contact Information

Physics College of Letters & Science Physics, PhD physics.wisc.edu

Sharon Kahn, Graduate Program Manager [email protected] 608-262-9678 2320F Chamberlin Hall 1150 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706

Kevin Black, Associate Chair for Graduate Programs [email protected] 608-262-1232 4217 Chamberlin Hall 1150 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706

Graduate Program Handbook View Here

Graduate School grad.wisc.edu

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Research – All

The research mission of the Department of Medical Physics is to develop solutions for accurate diagnosis and optimized treatment of human disease. Our faculty and staff provide comprehensive graduate and residency medical physics education, and their research improves human health by developing accurate, sensitive, and safe medical imaging techniques, systems for precision treatment of disease, and advanced imaging techniques for early, non-invasive assessment of treatment efficacy.

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MS in Medical Physics

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Mission statement.

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Program Goals

• To train students to develop the necessary academic framework as well as a thorough practical understanding in medical physics, including areas of diagnostic radiologic physics, health physics, nuclear medicine, and a designated focus on radiation therapy.

Learning Outcomes

• Students will be able to apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering to formulate and solve relevant medical physics problems.
• Students will be able to communicate scientific and technical research effectively in writing and oral presentations.
• Students will be able to work with physicians and technicians in conducting diagnostic radiology or radiation therapy

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