tourism impact assessment essay

Exploring the application of environmental impact assessment to tourism and recreation in protected areas: a systematic literature review

• Published: 09 February 2024

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• Gabriela Francisco Pegler   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-6147-6983 1 ,
• Clara Carvalho de Lemos 2 &
• Victor Eduardo Lima Ranieri 1  

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Over the years, concerns regarding the effects of tourism and recreational activities on protected areas have been consistently raised. The establishment of recreation ecology dates as far back as the 1920s and 1930s, marking efforts to address these concerns. Throughout the development of this field, a variety of tools and procedures were proposed for managing and monitoring the impacts of recreation, such as the recreation opportunity spectrum, limits of acceptable change, visitor activity management process, visitor impact management (VIM), visitor experience and resource protection, and the protected area VIM. In addition to these tools, environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a valuable approach for informing decision-making processes and predicting the environmental consequences of activities that may cause significant environmental degradation, thus aligning tourism and recreation with the goals of preserving protected areas. The purpose of this paper is to identify and critically discuss how environmental impact assessment is contributing to improving decision-making and management of public use in protected areas, with a focus on methodological approaches, the extent of its application and reported outcomes. To achieve this, we conducted a systematic literature review and established a preliminary connection between the methodologies for evaluating and monitoring the impacts of public use proposed in the reviewed articles and EIA. Our findings indicate that EIA can contribute in four main ways: firstly, by being applied prior to the implementation of the activity, secondly, by using methods to identify and predict impacts, thirdly, by applying monitoring procedures, and finally, by providing tiered steps to facilitate better decision-making.

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This work was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES—Brazil). The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available on request from the corresponding authors.

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Pegler, G.F., de Lemos, C.C. & Ranieri, V.E.L. Exploring the application of environmental impact assessment to tourism and recreation in protected areas: a systematic literature review. Environ Dev Sustain (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04532-6

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Appropriate tourism impact assessment: A case study of Kaniki Point Resort Palawan, Philippines

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Appropriate tourism impact assessment: a case study of Kaniki Point Resort, Palawan, Philippines.

• W. Trousdale , V. Smith , M. Brent
• Published 2001
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Sociocultural sustainability of rural community-based tourism : case study of local participation in fair trade coffee trail, nicaragua, participatory risk assessment of tourism development in coastal areas: challenges and implications for management on the kwazulu-natal coast, the sustainability of surfing tourism at remote destinations, sustaining ecotourism: insights and implications from two successful case studies, the development and management of beach resorts: boracay island, the philippines, the efficacy of environmental impact assessment on development proposals with respect to cost and time in south africa: a three case study review, tourism and the kimberley coastal waterways: environmental and cultural aspects of expedition cruising.

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Evaluation of vinegar bottles’ environmental footprint using the life cycle approach: a preliminary analysis.

1. Introduction

2. methodology.

• Goal definition and scoping: this involves outlining the study’s objectives, intended use and audience, system boundaries, and defining the functional unit, which quantitatively measures the functions provided by the goods or services;
• Inventory analysis: This results in a compilation of inputs and outputs throughout the product’s life cycle in terms of the functional unit. It includes quantitative data on the direct and indirect materials/energy inputs and waste emissions;
• Impact assessment: this evaluates the potential human and ecological impacts of energy, water, and material usage, as well as the environmental emissions identified in the previous phase;
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Share and Cite

Karvounidi, M.D.; Alexandropoulou, A.P.; Fousteris, A.E.; Georgakellos, D.A. Evaluation of Vinegar Bottles’ Environmental Footprint Using the Life Cycle Approach: A Preliminary Analysis. Environments 2024 , 11 , 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments11070154

Karvounidi MD, Alexandropoulou AP, Fousteris AE, Georgakellos DA. Evaluation of Vinegar Bottles’ Environmental Footprint Using the Life Cycle Approach: A Preliminary Analysis. Environments . 2024; 11(7):154. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments11070154

Karvounidi, Maria D., Alexandra P. Alexandropoulou, Andreas E. Fousteris, and Dimitrios A. Georgakellos. 2024. "Evaluation of Vinegar Bottles’ Environmental Footprint Using the Life Cycle Approach: A Preliminary Analysis" Environments 11, no. 7: 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments11070154

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Amtrak Passengers Face Record Delays From Extreme Weather

The dated U.S. rail infrastructure is struggling to stay operational as climate change accelerates and intense heat waves, downpours and high winds become more frequent.

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By Minho Kim

Reporting from Washington

On June 20, after millions of Americans had suffered through a sweltering heat wave for three days, Amtrak sent an ominous warning over social media : Trains connecting the largest cities in Northeast could face up to an hour of delay from high temperatures.

Later that afternoon, after the temperature peaked at 96 degrees in Newark, Amtrak lost electricity near the New Jersey side of the Hudson River tunnels. The power failure soon shuttered a 150-mile stretch of the busiest rail corridor in the United States for more than three hours. The impact reverberated until the next day, when trains chugged through with hours of residual delays.

As the planet rapidly warms, train delays and breakdowns are becoming more frequent as America’s antiquated rail infrastructure struggles to remain functional during prolonged extreme weather events that were not typical when the system was constructed.

A New York Times analysis of Amtrak data found that the rail service’s passengers have faced record delays in recent years caused by inclement weather such as heat waves, storms, floods, high winds, low temperatures, tornadoes, lightning and wildfires.

Extreme weather events bogged down Amtrak trains for more than 4,010 hours in the 2023 fiscal year, which began in October 2022 and ended in September 2023, according to a Times analysis of more than 313,000 individual train delay data dating to September 2003. That was the highest number of weather-related delays in at least 20 years.

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