scientific management mcdonald's case study

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Reflections on the Relevance of the Principles of Scientific Management: An Analysis of McDonalds Corporation

2023, International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

The method of scientific management was developed by Frederic Taylor during the Second World War. With the commercial change came a rapidly expanding pool of people searching for opportunities that required a new management strategy. The first management theory to be used internationally was scientific management. It supports the efficient use of resources for maximum productivity, motivating employees to earn more money. According to Taylor, the main obstacle to improving the productivity of human labour is managers' ineptitude. Taylor decided to get into agreements with other businesses for the reorganisation of the manufacturing processes to make the jobs that each employee had to do simpler. The employees at the Taylorized factories perform the same straightforward duty and don't do a lot of other things. Although there are still several indications that the majority of companies are using scientific management for their commercial operations, the concepts of scientific management have a significant impact on society as a whole. This article examines how McDonald’s has utilised the scientific management principles to establish its dominance.

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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

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The "Taylorism" method of scientific management was developed by Frederic Taylor during the Second World War. With the commercial change came a rapidly expanding pool of people searching for opportunities that required a new management strategy. The first management theory to be used internationally was scientific management. It supports the efficient use of resources for maximum productivity, motivating employees to earn more money. According to Taylor, the main obstacle to improving the productivity of human labour is managers' ineptitude. Taylor decided to get into agreements with other businesses for the reorganisation of the manufacturing processes to make the jobs that each employee had to do simpler. The employees at the Taylorized factories perform the same straightforward duty and don't do a lot of other things. Although there are still several indications that the majority of companies are using scientific management for their commercial operations, the concepts of scientific management have a significant impact on society as a whole. This article examines how McDonald’s has utilised the scientific management principles to establish its dominance.

APPLYING THE SERVPERF SCALE TO EVALUATE QUALITY OF CARE IN TWO SPECIALIST PUBLIC HOSPITALS AT BENGHAZI, LIBYA

hager abeid

The quality provided to the patient depends on many parties in the organization, as any medical error by any of these parties in any aspect of providing these services is completely unacceptable. The main aim of this investigation was to assess the quality of both specialist health centers, the nephron and cardiac, in Benghazi City Libya. This study used the descriptive method and SERVPERF scale to measure the quality, and the methodological approach taken in this study was cross section design. The research data in this thesis was drawn from two specialist medical health care centers: cardiac and nephron. Data had been collected from 244 workers (doctors, nurses, technicians, and employees) in both health centers, and the response rate was 81.3% in two weeks. The questionnaire was designed to measure the following 28 items, divided into five domains: tangible physical evidence, reliability, strength of response, safety and trust, and empathy. Data analysis and management were performed using SPSS. Conclusions and recommendations: The most important finding from this study was that the cardiac health center achieved the highest percentage of agreement on the availability of dimensions of quality (73.5%), while the overall rate was for the nephron health center (46.5%). In the two health centers, the guarantee was one of the highest dimensions, while the tangibility dimension achieved the lowest. Regarding health care professionals, reliability dimensions were the lowest from the point of view of technicians in the Nephron Center.

International Journal of Economic Research

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The ever changing structure of the business unit often presents some of the most interesting challenges in the world of business. A lot of companies have faced significant challenges with issues like staffing and retention of employees. In the business unit, there are a multitude of factors that have led to and continual decline in the amount of people who remain at a job three years after the first inquiry. This paper focuses on strategies and measures that a business can use to improve on their staffing and employee retention. The principles discussed in the paper give a theoretical framework of approaches that have worked in the past and present and have potential sustainability in the future. The focus of the paper is McDonalds UK. While the theoretical issues discussed have been applied in different institutions, the theoretical issues discussed are explicitly valuable to the staffing problem that Mc Donald's UK had since 2008 till date. The paper therefore merges the principles in human resource management and applies them in the context of Mc Donald's UK.

Chitrang Rana

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This study focuses on evaluating the performance and potential contributions of ChatGPT, a generative artificial intelligence model, to the advancement of scientific and research fields, including public health, climate change, computer programming, education etc. The research commences by examining the role of ChatGPT in scientific publishing, demonstrating how it can streamline the creation of research content, thereby enhancing the accessibility and dissemination of scientific knowledge. In the context of public health and medical writing, the study investigates how ChatGPT can transform healthcare by assisting professionals and researchers in generating accurate and informative documents, thereby contributing significantly to the widespread dissemination of critical health information and advancements. In the fight against climate change and global warming, ChatGPT emerges as a promising tool for addressing challenges related to data analysis, prediction modeling, and communication. The research explores how ChatGPT can support climate scientists and policymakers in synthesizing intricate data, creating effective communication materials, and mobilizing public awareness and action. Furthermore, the study assesses ChatGPT's contributions to the field of computer programming, where it can aid developers in debugging programming errors. Its ability to comprehend and generate code snippets streamlines problem-solving, thereby boosting software development efficiency and code quality. The research extends its examination to ChatGPT's performance across various domains, including public health, climate change, computer programming, and education. Additionally, the study delves into the opportunities and challenges associated with integrating large language models like ChatGPT into education. It investigates how ChatGPT can enhance the learning experience, automate administrative tasks, and deliver personalized educational content. Simultaneously, it addresses concerns related to bias, ethics, and data privacy. This research underscores the significant potential of ChatGPT in advancing scientific and research endeavors across multiple domains. It emphasizes the importance of responsible and ethical utilization of AI models like ChatGPT, recognizing the opportunities they offer to expedite progress and address critical global challenges, all while remaining vigilant about ethical and societal implications.

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Human Subjects Office

Medical terms in lay language.

Please use these descriptions in place of medical jargon in consent documents, recruitment materials and other study documents. Note: These terms are not the only acceptable plain language alternatives for these vocabulary words.

This glossary of terms is derived from a list copyrighted by the University of Kentucky, Office of Research Integrity (1990).

For clinical research-specific definitions, see also the Clinical Research Glossary developed by the Multi-Regional Clinical Trials (MRCT) Center of Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard  and the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) .

Alternative Lay Language for Medical Terms for use in Informed Consent Documents

A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I  J  K   L   M   N   O   P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W  X  Y  Z

ABDOMEN/ABDOMINAL body cavity below diaphragm that contains stomach, intestines, liver and other organs ABSORB take up fluids, take in ACIDOSIS condition when blood contains more acid than normal ACUITY clearness, keenness, esp. of vision and airways ACUTE new, recent, sudden, urgent ADENOPATHY swollen lymph nodes (glands) ADJUVANT helpful, assisting, aiding, supportive ADJUVANT TREATMENT added treatment (usually to a standard treatment) ANTIBIOTIC drug that kills bacteria and other germs ANTIMICROBIAL drug that kills bacteria and other germs ANTIRETROVIRAL drug that works against the growth of certain viruses ADVERSE EFFECT side effect, bad reaction, unwanted response ALLERGIC REACTION rash, hives, swelling, trouble breathing AMBULATE/AMBULATION/AMBULATORY walk, able to walk ANAPHYLAXIS serious, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction ANEMIA decreased red blood cells; low red cell blood count ANESTHETIC a drug or agent used to decrease the feeling of pain, or eliminate the feeling of pain by putting you to sleep ANGINA pain resulting from not enough blood flowing to the heart ANGINA PECTORIS pain resulting from not enough blood flowing to the heart ANOREXIA disorder in which person will not eat; lack of appetite ANTECUBITAL related to the inner side of the forearm ANTIBODY protein made in the body in response to foreign substance ANTICONVULSANT drug used to prevent seizures ANTILIPEMIC a drug that lowers fat levels in the blood ANTITUSSIVE a drug used to relieve coughing ARRHYTHMIA abnormal heartbeat; any change from the normal heartbeat ASPIRATION fluid entering the lungs, such as after vomiting ASSAY lab test ASSESS to learn about, measure, evaluate, look at ASTHMA lung disease associated with tightening of air passages, making breathing difficult ASYMPTOMATIC without symptoms AXILLA armpit

BENIGN not malignant, without serious consequences BID twice a day BINDING/BOUND carried by, to make stick together, transported BIOAVAILABILITY the extent to which a drug or other substance becomes available to the body BLOOD PROFILE series of blood tests BOLUS a large amount given all at once BONE MASS the amount of calcium and other minerals in a given amount of bone BRADYARRHYTHMIAS slow, irregular heartbeats BRADYCARDIA slow heartbeat BRONCHOSPASM breathing distress caused by narrowing of the airways

CARCINOGENIC cancer-causing CARCINOMA type of cancer CARDIAC related to the heart CARDIOVERSION return to normal heartbeat by electric shock CATHETER a tube for withdrawing or giving fluids CATHETER a tube placed near the spinal cord and used for anesthesia (indwelling epidural) during surgery CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) brain and spinal cord CEREBRAL TRAUMA damage to the brain CESSATION stopping CHD coronary heart disease CHEMOTHERAPY treatment of disease, usually cancer, by chemical agents CHRONIC continuing for a long time, ongoing CLINICAL pertaining to medical care CLINICAL TRIAL an experiment involving human subjects COMA unconscious state COMPLETE RESPONSE total disappearance of disease CONGENITAL present before birth CONJUNCTIVITIS redness and irritation of the thin membrane that covers the eye CONSOLIDATION PHASE treatment phase intended to make a remission permanent (follows induction phase) CONTROLLED TRIAL research study in which the experimental treatment or procedure is compared to a standard (control) treatment or procedure COOPERATIVE GROUP association of multiple institutions to perform clinical trials CORONARY related to the blood vessels that supply the heart, or to the heart itself CT SCAN (CAT) computerized series of x-rays (computerized tomography) CULTURE test for infection, or for organisms that could cause infection CUMULATIVE added together from the beginning CUTANEOUS relating to the skin CVA stroke (cerebrovascular accident)

DERMATOLOGIC pertaining to the skin DIASTOLIC lower number in a blood pressure reading DISTAL toward the end, away from the center of the body DIURETIC "water pill" or drug that causes increase in urination DOPPLER device using sound waves to diagnose or test DOUBLE BLIND study in which neither investigators nor subjects know what drug or treatment the subject is receiving DYSFUNCTION state of improper function DYSPLASIA abnormal cells

ECHOCARDIOGRAM sound wave test of the heart EDEMA excess fluid collecting in tissue EEG electric brain wave tracing (electroencephalogram) EFFICACY effectiveness ELECTROCARDIOGRAM electrical tracing of the heartbeat (ECG or EKG) ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE an imbalance of minerals in the blood EMESIS vomiting EMPIRIC based on experience ENDOSCOPIC EXAMINATION viewing an  internal part of the body with a lighted tube  ENTERAL by way of the intestines EPIDURAL outside the spinal cord ERADICATE get rid of (such as disease) Page 2 of 7 EVALUATED, ASSESSED examined for a medical condition EXPEDITED REVIEW rapid review of a protocol by the IRB Chair without full committee approval, permitted with certain low-risk research studies EXTERNAL outside the body EXTRAVASATE to leak outside of a planned area, such as out of a blood vessel

FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the branch of federal government that approves new drugs FIBROUS having many fibers, such as scar tissue FIBRILLATION irregular beat of the heart or other muscle

GENERAL ANESTHESIA pain prevention by giving drugs to cause loss of consciousness, as during surgery GESTATIONAL pertaining to pregnancy

HEMATOCRIT amount of red blood cells in the blood HEMATOMA a bruise, a black and blue mark HEMODYNAMIC MEASURING blood flow HEMOLYSIS breakdown in red blood cells HEPARIN LOCK needle placed in the arm with blood thinner to keep the blood from clotting HEPATOMA cancer or tumor of the liver HERITABLE DISEASE can be transmitted to one’s offspring, resulting in damage to future children HISTOPATHOLOGIC pertaining to the disease status of body tissues or cells HOLTER MONITOR a portable machine for recording heart beats HYPERCALCEMIA high blood calcium level HYPERKALEMIA high blood potassium level HYPERNATREMIA high blood sodium level HYPERTENSION high blood pressure HYPOCALCEMIA low blood calcium level HYPOKALEMIA low blood potassium level HYPONATREMIA low blood sodium level HYPOTENSION low blood pressure HYPOXEMIA a decrease of oxygen in the blood HYPOXIA a decrease of oxygen reaching body tissues HYSTERECTOMY surgical removal of the uterus, ovaries (female sex glands), or both uterus and ovaries

IATROGENIC caused by a physician or by treatment IDE investigational device exemption, the license to test an unapproved new medical device IDIOPATHIC of unknown cause IMMUNITY defense against, protection from IMMUNOGLOBIN a protein that makes antibodies IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE drug which works against the body's immune (protective) response, often used in transplantation and diseases caused by immune system malfunction IMMUNOTHERAPY giving of drugs to help the body's immune (protective) system; usually used to destroy cancer cells IMPAIRED FUNCTION abnormal function IMPLANTED placed in the body IND investigational new drug, the license to test an unapproved new drug INDUCTION PHASE beginning phase or stage of a treatment INDURATION hardening INDWELLING remaining in a given location, such as a catheter INFARCT death of tissue due to lack of blood supply INFECTIOUS DISEASE transmitted from one person to the next INFLAMMATION swelling that is generally painful, red, and warm INFUSION slow injection of a substance into the body, usually into the blood by means of a catheter INGESTION eating; taking by mouth INTERFERON drug which acts against viruses; antiviral agent INTERMITTENT occurring (regularly or irregularly) between two time points; repeatedly stopping, then starting again INTERNAL within the body INTERIOR inside of the body INTRAMUSCULAR into the muscle; within the muscle INTRAPERITONEAL into the abdominal cavity INTRATHECAL into the spinal fluid INTRAVENOUS (IV) through the vein INTRAVESICAL in the bladder INTUBATE the placement of a tube into the airway INVASIVE PROCEDURE puncturing, opening, or cutting the skin INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG (IND) a new drug that has not been approved by the FDA INVESTIGATIONAL METHOD a treatment method which has not been proven to be beneficial or has not been accepted as standard care ISCHEMIA decreased oxygen in a tissue (usually because of decreased blood flow)

LAPAROTOMY surgical procedure in which an incision is made in the abdominal wall to enable a doctor to look at the organs inside LESION wound or injury; a diseased patch of skin LETHARGY sleepiness, tiredness LEUKOPENIA low white blood cell count LIPID fat LIPID CONTENT fat content in the blood LIPID PROFILE (PANEL) fat and cholesterol levels in the blood LOCAL ANESTHESIA creation of insensitivity to pain in a small, local area of the body, usually by injection of numbing drugs LOCALIZED restricted to one area, limited to one area LUMEN the cavity of an organ or tube (e.g., blood vessel) LYMPHANGIOGRAPHY an x-ray of the lymph nodes or tissues after injecting dye into lymph vessels (e.g., in feet) LYMPHOCYTE a type of white blood cell important in immunity (protection) against infection LYMPHOMA a cancer of the lymph nodes (or tissues)

MALAISE a vague feeling of bodily discomfort, feeling badly MALFUNCTION condition in which something is not functioning properly MALIGNANCY cancer or other progressively enlarging and spreading tumor, usually fatal if not successfully treated MEDULLABLASTOMA a type of brain tumor MEGALOBLASTOSIS change in red blood cells METABOLIZE process of breaking down substances in the cells to obtain energy METASTASIS spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another METRONIDAZOLE drug used to treat infections caused by parasites (invading organisms that take up living in the body) or other causes of anaerobic infection (not requiring oxygen to survive) MI myocardial infarction, heart attack MINIMAL slight MINIMIZE reduce as much as possible Page 4 of 7 MONITOR check on; keep track of; watch carefully MOBILITY ease of movement MORBIDITY undesired result or complication MORTALITY death MOTILITY the ability to move MRI magnetic resonance imaging, diagnostic pictures of the inside of the body, created using magnetic rather than x-ray energy MUCOSA, MUCOUS MEMBRANE moist lining of digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary tracts MYALGIA muscle aches MYOCARDIAL pertaining to the heart muscle MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION heart attack

NASOGASTRIC TUBE placed in the nose, reaching to the stomach NCI the National Cancer Institute NECROSIS death of tissue NEOPLASIA/NEOPLASM tumor, may be benign or malignant NEUROBLASTOMA a cancer of nerve tissue NEUROLOGICAL pertaining to the nervous system NEUTROPENIA decrease in the main part of the white blood cells NIH the National Institutes of Health NONINVASIVE not breaking, cutting, or entering the skin NOSOCOMIAL acquired in the hospital

OCCLUSION closing; blockage; obstruction ONCOLOGY the study of tumors or cancer OPHTHALMIC pertaining to the eye OPTIMAL best, most favorable or desirable ORAL ADMINISTRATION by mouth ORTHOPEDIC pertaining to the bones OSTEOPETROSIS rare bone disorder characterized by dense bone OSTEOPOROSIS softening of the bones OVARIES female sex glands

PARENTERAL given by injection PATENCY condition of being open PATHOGENESIS development of a disease or unhealthy condition PERCUTANEOUS through the skin PERIPHERAL not central PER OS (PO) by mouth PHARMACOKINETICS the study of the way the body absorbs, distributes, and gets rid of a drug PHASE I first phase of study of a new drug in humans to determine action, safety, and proper dosing PHASE II second phase of study of a new drug in humans, intended to gather information about safety and effectiveness of the drug for certain uses PHASE III large-scale studies to confirm and expand information on safety and effectiveness of new drug for certain uses, and to study common side effects PHASE IV studies done after the drug is approved by the FDA, especially to compare it to standard care or to try it for new uses PHLEBITIS irritation or inflammation of the vein PLACEBO an inactive substance; a pill/liquid that contains no medicine PLACEBO EFFECT improvement seen with giving subjects a placebo, though it contains no active drug/treatment PLATELETS small particles in the blood that help with clotting POTENTIAL possible POTENTIATE increase or multiply the effect of a drug or toxin (poison) by giving another drug or toxin at the same time (sometimes an unintentional result) POTENTIATOR an agent that helps another agent work better PRENATAL before birth PROPHYLAXIS a drug given to prevent disease or infection PER OS (PO) by mouth PRN as needed PROGNOSIS outlook, probable outcomes PRONE lying on the stomach PROSPECTIVE STUDY following patients forward in time PROSTHESIS artificial part, most often limbs, such as arms or legs PROTOCOL plan of study PROXIMAL closer to the center of the body, away from the end PULMONARY pertaining to the lungs

QD every day; daily QID four times a day

RADIATION THERAPY x-ray or cobalt treatment RANDOM by chance (like the flip of a coin) RANDOMIZATION chance selection RBC red blood cell RECOMBINANT formation of new combinations of genes RECONSTITUTION putting back together the original parts or elements RECUR happen again REFRACTORY not responding to treatment REGENERATION re-growth of a structure or of lost tissue REGIMEN pattern of giving treatment RELAPSE the return of a disease REMISSION disappearance of evidence of cancer or other disease RENAL pertaining to the kidneys REPLICABLE possible to duplicate RESECT remove or cut out surgically RETROSPECTIVE STUDY looking back over past experience

SARCOMA a type of cancer SEDATIVE a drug to calm or make less anxious SEMINOMA a type of testicular cancer (found in the male sex glands) SEQUENTIALLY in a row, in order SOMNOLENCE sleepiness SPIROMETER an instrument to measure the amount of air taken into and exhaled from the lungs STAGING an evaluation of the extent of the disease STANDARD OF CARE a treatment plan that the majority of the medical community would accept as appropriate STENOSIS narrowing of a duct, tube, or one of the blood vessels in the heart STOMATITIS mouth sores, inflammation of the mouth STRATIFY arrange in groups for analysis of results (e.g., stratify by age, sex, etc.) STUPOR stunned state in which it is difficult to get a response or the attention of the subject SUBCLAVIAN under the collarbone SUBCUTANEOUS under the skin SUPINE lying on the back SUPPORTIVE CARE general medical care aimed at symptoms, not intended to improve or cure underlying disease SYMPTOMATIC having symptoms SYNDROME a condition characterized by a set of symptoms SYSTOLIC top number in blood pressure; pressure during active contraction of the heart

TERATOGENIC capable of causing malformations in a fetus (developing baby still inside the mother’s body) TESTES/TESTICLES male sex glands THROMBOSIS clotting THROMBUS blood clot TID three times a day TITRATION a method for deciding on the strength of a drug or solution; gradually increasing the dose T-LYMPHOCYTES type of white blood cells TOPICAL on the surface TOPICAL ANESTHETIC applied to a certain area of the skin and reducing pain only in the area to which applied TOXICITY side effects or undesirable effects of a drug or treatment TRANSDERMAL through the skin TRANSIENTLY temporarily TRAUMA injury; wound TREADMILL walking machine used to test heart function

UPTAKE absorbing and taking in of a substance by living tissue

VALVULOPLASTY plastic repair of a valve, especially a heart valve VARICES enlarged veins VASOSPASM narrowing of the blood vessels VECTOR a carrier that can transmit disease-causing microorganisms (germs and viruses) VENIPUNCTURE needle stick, blood draw, entering the skin with a needle VERTICAL TRANSMISSION spread of disease

WBC white blood cell

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Dead on the beach predicting the drift of whale remains improves management for offshore disposal.

1. Introduction

1.1. large whale offshore disposal and decomposition, 1.2. modelling drift, 2. materials and methods, 2.1. whale remains and position tracking, 2.2. drift trajectory modelling, 2.3. search object database, 2.4. environmental data, 2.5. dispersion parameters, 2.6. comparison of simulated trajectory and satellite track, 4. discussion, 4.1. offshore whale carcass disposal enhanced through modelling drift, 4.2. study limitations, 5. conclusions, supplementary materials, author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest.

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Share and Cite

Meynecke, J.-O.; Zigic, S.; Perez, L.; Dunn, R.J.K.; Benfer, N.; Gustafson, J.; Bosshard, S. Dead on the Beach? Predicting the Drift of Whale Remains Improves Management for Offshore Disposal. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024 , 12 , 1156. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071156

Meynecke J-O, Zigic S, Perez L, Dunn RJK, Benfer N, Gustafson J, Bosshard S. Dead on the Beach? Predicting the Drift of Whale Remains Improves Management for Offshore Disposal. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering . 2024; 12(7):1156. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071156

Meynecke, Jan-Olaf, Sasha Zigic, Larissa Perez, Ryan J. K. Dunn, Nathan Benfer, Johan Gustafson, and Simone Bosshard. 2024. "Dead on the Beach? Predicting the Drift of Whale Remains Improves Management for Offshore Disposal" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 7: 1156. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071156

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