literature review on information technology

• Corpus ID: 37454342

Literature Review of Information Technology Adoption Models at Firm Level

• T. Oliveira , Maria F. O. Martins
• Published 2011
• Computer Science, Business, Economics

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Literature Review of Information Technology Adoption Models at Firm Level

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Abstract: Today, information technology (IT) is universally regarded as an essential tool in enhancing the competitiveness of the economy of a country. There is consensus that IT has significant effects on the productivity of firms. These effects will only be realized if, and when, IT are widely spread and used. It is essential to understand the determinants of IT adoption. Consequently it is necessary to know the theoretical models. There are few reviews in the literature about the comparison of IT adoption models at the individual level, and to the best of our knowledge there are even fewer at the firm level. This review will fill this gap. In this study, we review theories for adoption models at the firm level used in information systems literature and discuss two prominent models: diffusion on innovation (DOI) theory, and the technology, organization, and environment (TOE) framework. The DOI found that individual characteristics, internal characteristics of organizational structure, and external characteristics of the organization are important antecedents to organizational innovativeness. The TOE framework identifies three aspects of an enterprise's context that influence the process by which it adopts and implements a technological innovation: technological context, organizational context, and environmental context. We made a thorough analysis of the TOE framework, analysing the studies that used only this theory and the studies that combine the TOE framework with other theories such as: DOI, institutional theory, and the Iacovou, Benbasat, and Dexter model. The institutional theory helps us to understand the factors that influence the adoption of interorganizational systems (IOSs); it postulates that mimetic, coercive, and normative institutional pressures existing in an institutionalized environment may influence the organization's predisposition toward an IT-based interorganizational system. The Iacovou, Benbasat, and Dexter model, analyses IOSs characteristics that influence firms to adopt IT innovations. It is based on three contexts: perceived benefits, organizational readiness, and external pressure. The analysis of these models takes into account the empirical literature, and the difference between independent and dependent variables. The paper also makes recommendations for future research.

Keywords: information technology, diffusion of innovations (DOI) theory, technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework, interorganizational systems (IOSs), institutional theory

1. Introduction

These days, information technology (IT) is universally regarded as an essential tool in enhancing the competitiveness of the economy of a country. It is commonly accepted today that IT has significant effects on the productivity of firms. These effects will only be fully realized if, and when, IT are widely spread and used. It is crucial, therefore, to understand the determinants of IT adoption and the theoretical models that have arisen addressing IT adoption. There are not many reviews of literature about the comparison of IT adoption models at the individual level, and to the best of our knowledge there are a smaller number at the firm level. This review will fill this gap.

In this study, we review theories for adoption models at the firm level used in information systems (IS) literature and discuss two prominent models, presented in Section 2. The two models reviewed are: diffusion on innovation (DOI) (Rogers 1995); and the technology, organization, and environment (TOE) framework (Tornatzky and Fleischer 1990), since most studies on IT adoption at the firm level are derived from theories such as these two (Chong et al. 2009). Section 3 presents an extensive analysis of the TOE framework, analysing the studies that used only this theory and the studies that combine the TOE framework with other theories such as: DOI, institutional theory, and the Iacovou et al. (1995) model. In the last section, we present the conclusions.

2. Models of IT adoption

There are many theories used in IS research (Wade 2009). We are interested only in theories about technology adoption. The most used theories are the technology acceptance model (TAM) (Davis 1986, Davis 1989, Davis et al. 1989), theory of planned behaviour (TPB) (Ajzen 1985, Ajzen 1991), unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) (Venkatesh et al. 2003), DOI (Rogers 1995), and the TOE framework (Tornatzky and Fleischer 1990). We will develop only the DOI, and especially the TOE framework, because they are the only ones that are at the firm level. The TAM, TPB and UTAUT are at the individual level.

DOI is a theory of how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology spread through cultures, operating at the individual and firm level. DOI theory sees innovations as being communicated through certain channels over time and within a particular social system (Rogers 1995). Individuals are seen as possessing different degrees of willingness to adopt innovations, and thus it is generally observed that the portion of the population adopting an innovation is approximately normally distributed over time (Rogers 1995). Breaking this normal distribution into segments leads to the segregation of individuals into the following five categories of individual innovativeness (from earliest to latest adopters): innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, laggards (Rogers 1995). The innovation process in organizations is much more complex. It generally involves a number of individuals, perhaps including both supporters and opponents of the new idea, each of whom plays a role in the innovation-decision.

Based on DOI theory at firm level (Rogers 1995), innovativeness is related to such independent variables as individual (leader) characteristics, internal organizational structural characteristics, and external characteristics of the organization (Figure 1). (a) Individual characteristics describes the leader attitude toward change. (b) Internal characteristics of organizational structure includes observations according to Rogers (1995) whereby: "centralization is the degree to which power and control in a system are concentrated in the hands of a relatively few individuals"; "complexity is the degree to which an organization's members possess a relatively high level of knowledge and expertise"; "formalization is the degree to which an organization emphasizes its members' following rules and procedures"; "interconnectedness is the degree to which the units in a social system are linked by interpersonal networks"; "organizational slack is the degree to which uncommitted resources are available to an organization"; "size is the number of employees of the organization". (c) External characteristics of organizational refers to system openness.

Since the early applications of DOI to IS research, the theory has been applied and adapted in various ways. Some examples are presented in Table 1.

2.2 Technology, organization, and environment context

The TOE framework was developed in 1990 (Tornatzky and Fleischer 1990). It identifies three aspects of an enterprise's context that influence the process by which it adopts and implements a technological innovation: technological context, organizational context, and environmental context (Figure 2). (a) Technological context describes both the internal and external technologies relevant to the firm. This includes current practices and equipment internal to the firm (Starbuck 1976), as well as the set of available technologies external to the firm (Thompson 1967, Khandwalla 1970, Hage 1980). (b) Organizational context refers to descriptive measures about the organization such as scope, size, and managerial structure. (c) Environmental context is the arena in which a firm conducts its business-its industry, competitors, and dealings with the government (Tornatzky and Fleischer 1990).

The TOE framework as originally presented, and later adapted in IT adoption studies, provides a useful analytical framework that can be used for studying the adoption and assimilation of different types of IT innovation. The TOE framework has a solid theoretical basis, consistent empirical support (see Tables 2 and 3), and the potential of application to IS innovation domains, though specific factors identified within the three contexts may vary across different studies.

This framework is consistent with the DOI theory, in which Rogers (1995) emphasized individual characteristics, and both the internal and external characteristics of the organization, as drivers for organizational innovativeness. These are identical to the technology and organization context of the TOE framework, but the TOE framework also includes a new and important component, environment context. The environment context presents both constraints and opportunities for technological innovation. The TOE framework makes Rogers' innovation diffusion theory better able to explain intrafirm innovation diffusion (Hsu et al. 2006). Thus, the next Section analyses the studies that adopted TOE framework.

3. Empirical literature of the TOE framework

We thoroughly analyse the TOE framework and present an exhaustive description of studies that draw on this theory. Section 3.1 discusses the relevant papers that used only the TOE framework as a theoretical model (Table 2), while Section 3.2 includes some papers that combined the TOE framework with other theoretical models (Table 3).

3.1 Studies that used only the TOE framework

Several authors used only the TOE framework to understand different IT adoptions, such as: electronic data interchange (EDI) (Kuan and Chau 2001); open systems (Chau and Tam 1997); web site (Oliveira and Martins 2008); e-commerce (Liu 2008, Martins and Oliveira 2009, Oliveira and Martins 2009); enterprise resource planning (ERP) (Pan and Jang 2008); business to business (B2B) e-commerce (Teo et al. 2006); e-business (Zhu et al. 2003, Zhu and Kraemer 2005, Zhu et al. 2006b, Lin and Lin 2008, Oliveira and Martins 2010a); knowledge management systems (KMS) (Lee et al. 2009). The variables analysed, methods used, data, and context of empirical studies are presented in Table 2.

3.2 Studies that used the TOE framework combined with other theories

Some authors used the TOE framework with other theories to understand IT adoption (Thong 1999, Gibbs and Kraemer 2004, Hsu et al. 2006, Zhu et al. 2006a, Li 2008, Soares-Aguiar and Palma-Dos-Reis 2008, Chong et al. 2009, Oliveira and Martins 2010b). In Table 3 we can see that DOI, institutional theory, and the Iacovou et al. (1995) model were used in combination with the TOE framework to better understand IT adoption decisions.

Studies combining the TOE framework and DOI theories include the following. Thong (1999) joins CEO characteristics from DOI to the TOE framework. Chong et al. (2009) add innovation attributes (relative advantage, compatibility, and complexity) from DOI and an additional new factor in the adoption study called information sharing culture characteristics to the TOE framework. Zhu et al. (2006a) combined relative advantage, compatibility, cost, and security concern from DOI with the TOE framework. Wang et al. (2010) add relativeve advantage, complexity, and compatibility from DOI to the TOE framework. Additional theories include those listed below.

3.2.1 Institutional theory

Institutional theory emphasizes that institutional environments are crucial in shaping organizational structure and actions (Scott and Christensen 1995, Scott 2001). According to the institutional theory, organizational decisions are not driven purely by rational goals of efficiency, but also by social and cultural factors and concerns for legitimacy. Institutions are transported by cultures, structures, and routines and operate at multiple levels. The theory claims that firms become more similar due to isomorphic pressures and pressures for legitimacy (Dimaggio and Powell 1983). This means that firms in the same field tend to become homologous over time, as competitive and customer pressures motivate them to copy industry leaders. For example, rather than making a purely internally driven decision to adopt e-commerce, firms are likely to be induced to adopt and use e-commerce by external isomorphic pressures from competitors, trading partners, customers, and government.

Several recent studies have taken an institutional approach to e-commerce or EDI diffusion and assimilation (Purvis et al. 2001, Chatterjee et al. 2002, Teo et al. 2003). It is well known that mimetic, coercive, and normative institutional pressures existing in an institutionalized environment may influence organizations' predisposition toward an IT-based interorganizational system (Teo et al. 2003). Mimetic pressures are observed when firms adopt a practice or innovation imitating competitors (Soares-Aguiar and Palma-Dos-Reis 2008). Coercive pressures are a set of formal or informal forces exerted on organizations by other organizations upon which the former organizations depend (Dimaggio and Powell 1983). Normative pressures come from dyadic relationships where companies share some information, rules, and norms. Sharing these norms through relational channels amongst members of a network facilitates consensus, which, in turn, increases the strength of these norms and their potential influence on organizational behaviour (Powell and DiMaggio 1991).

Some studies combine the TOE framework with the institutional theory (Gibbs and Kraemer 2004, Li 2008, Soares-Aguiar and Palma-Dos-Reis 2008). The institutional theory adds to the environmental context of the TOE framework external pressures, which include pressure from competitors and pressure exerted by trading partners.

3.2.2 Iacovou et al. (1995) model

Iacovou et al. (1995) analysed interorganizational systems (IOSs) characteristics that influence firms to adopt IT innovations in the context of EDI adoption. Their framework is well suited to explain the adoption of an IOS. It is based on three factors: perceived benefits, organizational readiness, and external pressure (see Figure 3). Perceived benefits is a different factor from the TOE framework, whereas organizational readiness is a combination of the technology and organization context of the TOE framework. Hence, IT resources is similar to technology context and financial resources is similar to organizational context. The external pressure in the Iacovou et al. (1995) model adds the trading partners to the external task environmental context of the TOE framework as a critical role of IOSs adoptions.

Hsu et al. (2006) used the DOI theory, the TOE framework, and the Iacovou et al. (1995) model to explain e-business use. Their model proposed four constructs (perceived benefits, organizational readiness, external pressure, and environment). Organization readiness, is consistently used in all three frameworks in the literature. Environment is from the TOE framework. Perceived benefits and external pressure are from the Iacovou et al. (1995) model.

Oliveira and Martins (2010b) used the TOE framework, and the Iacovou et al. (1995) model to explain adoption of e-business by firms belonging to European Union (EU) countries, by comparing the effect across two different industries: telecommunications and tourism. Their model proposed comprises three dimensions (perceived benefits, technology and organizational readiness, and environmental and external pressure). The perceived benefits dimension comes from the Iacovou et al. (1995) model. The technology and organizational readiness is a combination of TOE from the Tornatsky and Fleischer (1990) framework and organizational readiness from the Iacovou et al. (1995) model. The environmental and external pressure is also a combination from both earlier studies.

4. Conclusions

This paper made a review of literature of IT adoption models at the firm level. Most empirical studies are derived from the DOI theory and the TOE framework. As the TOE framework includes the environment context (not included in the DOI theory), it becomes better able to explain intra-firm innovation adoption; therefore, we consider this model to be more complete. The TOE framework also has a solid theoretical basis, consistent empirical support, and the potential of application to IS adoption. For this reason an extensive analysis of the TOE framework was undertaken, analysing empirical studies that use only the TOE model, and empirical studies that combine this model with the DOI theory, the institutional theory, and the Iacovou et al. (1995) model, and concluding that the same context in a specific theoretical model can have different factors.

In terms of further research, we think that for more complex new technology adoption it is important to combine more than one theoretical model to achieve a better understanding of the IT adoption phenomenon.

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Tiago Oliveira and Maria Fraga Martins

ISEGI, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

[email protected]

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Copyright Academic Conferences International Limited Jan 2011

Today, information technology (IT) is universally regarded as an essential tool in enhancing the competitiveness of the economy of a country. There is consensus that IT has significant effects on the productivity of firms. These effects will only be realized if, and when, IT are widely spread and used. It is essential to understand the determinants of IT adoption. Consequently it is necessary to know the theoretical models. There are few reviews in the literature about the comparison of IT adoption models at the individual level, and to the best of our knowledge there are even fewer at the firm level. This review will fill this gap. In this study, we review theories for adoption models at the firm level used in information systems literature and discuss two prominent models: diffusion on innovation (DOI) theory, and the technology, organization, and environment (TOE) framework. The DOI found that individual characteristics, internal characteristics of organizational structure, and external characteristics of the organization are important antecedents to organizational innovativeness. The TOE framework identifies three aspects of an enterprise's context that influence the process by which it adopts and implements a technological innovation: technological context, organizational context, and environmental context. We made a thorough analysis of the TOE framework, analysing the studies that used only this theory and the studies that combine the TOE framework with other theories such as: DOI, institutional theory, and the Iacovou, Benbasat, and Dexter model. The institutional theory helps us to understand the factors that influence the adoption of interorganizational systems (IOSs); it postulates that mimetic, coercive, and normative institutional pressures existing in an institutionalized environment may influence the organization's predisposition toward an IT-based interorganizational system. The Iacovou, Benbasat, and Dexter model, analyses IOSs characteristics that influence firms to adopt IT innovations. It is based on three contexts: perceived benefits, organizational readiness, and external pressure. The analysis of these models takes into account the empirical literature, and the difference between independent and dependent variables. The paper also makes recommendations for future research. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

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Information Technology Investments: A Literature Review

While researchers have encouraged further examination on the causal links between Information Technology (IT) investments and a firm’s performance, results of empirical studies have been varied. This is to a certain extent due to the exclusion of IT-business partnership (also known as IT-business strategic alignment). Indeed, strategic alignment has emerged as one of the most important concern facing business and IT executives all over the world (Raymond and Croteau, 2009, Johnson and Lederer, 2010). Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed literature review that both academics and practitioners can use in order to understand the resources required to realize the potential values of their IT investments. This is achieved by providing a review of the IT and IT-business literature on a firm’s business performance. It is hoped that the article will spark helpful discussion on the merits of continuous examination of IT investments.

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Ra'ed Masa'deh

Although researchers have encouraged further exploration on the causal links between Information Technology (IT) investments and a firm’s competitive advantage, outcomes of empirical studies have been non-conclusive. This is to a certain extent owing to the omission of IT-business strategic partnership (also known as strategic alignment). Indeed, strategic alignment has emerged as one of the most important issue facing business and IT executives all over the world. Importance aside, what is not clear is how to achieve and sustain this harmony relating business and IT. Therefore, scholars have continuously called for research that addresses the antecedent factors that lead to the alignment. In addition, some scholars have called for further adjustments to the concept of alignment by applying new theoretical approaches which have not been explored in the field of information systems (IS). Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed roadmap in which practitioners can use to understand the resources required to realize the potential values of their IT investments. This could be achieved by presenting further insight to the factors that could lead to strategic alignment; and investigating the relationships among strategic alignment antecedents, strategic alignment and competitive advantage.

Aurora Sánchez-Ortiz

David J Williamson

IT and business strategy alignment (IT&BSA) has been studied by scholars and attempted by prac-titioners for more than 15 years. Success has remained surprisingly elusive. If it is indeed possible to align a rapidly changing resource with a rapidly moving target, the potential for business benefit from alignment is tremendous. However, without some changes in current paradigms and assump-tions, alignment may be an unachievable state. This systems approach, qualitative paper analyzes 47 IT&BSA studies from 1990 through 2005. It assesses research approaches, methods, strategies, and techniques, and summarizes the key organizational, IT, and alignment concepts and topics using content analysis and semiotics. It then synthesizes the underlying trends in research and top-ics to determine how the field has changed in the last 15 years. Findings include a predominance of the systems approach in IT&BSA research. Both empirical and conceptual research strategies are common. Three dominant schools of thought pervade the study period. Strategic alignment maturi-ty has appeared in the literature relatively consistently since 1993. The balanced scorecard emerged in the late 1990s and is still under consideration. Shared domain knowledge, terminology, and vision is a more recent concept. These larger trends in IT&BSA research have also been sup-plemented by other smaller changes in concepts and topics. The study shows that IT and business strategy alignment is an elusive, if not impossible goal. Implications for practitioners include the need to continually reevaluate the strategic alignment and integration of these critical functions. Implications for researchers include the need for a unifying paradigm or model for future research. Keywords: Information Technology, Strategic Alignment, Research Methods

Hosea A. Ofe

This thesis examines the challenges and strategies to IT-Business alignment from the perspective of IT managers. The increasing importance of Information technology (IT) to organizations in areas such as joint research and development (R&D), Open innovation, and the ever-changing business environment means that organizations need to reassess their IT and business strategies so as to remain competitive. This implies that organizations in general and business and IT professionals in particular would have to work together more often than before in strategic planning. This is not easy because these professionals with diverse viewpoints may understand IT and business quite differently. Using a qualitative research design in the form of semi-structure interviews with open-ended questions, findings indicate that communication, partnership, governance, and skills are major challenges and strategies to alignment. This study contributes to ongoing research in IT-Business alignment by indicating that challenges to aligning business and IT strategies such as communication should not be narrowly thought of to exist just between IT and business professionals, it is equally a main concern among IT professionals.

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• Literature Review Topics in Information Technology

A literature review is an interesting and crucial work and it is important to select an appropriate topic to approach effectively. To conduct the literature review work in the domain of Information technology (IT), we list out various suitable literature review  topics that satisfy different research areas and are relevant to basic concepts as well as latest patterns:  

• Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
• Ethical Considerations in the Development and Application of AI
• Machine Learning Techniques in Predictive Analytics: A Comparative Review
• The Role of Deep Learning in Image and Speech Recognition Technologies
• Networking and Telecommunications
• 5G Technology: Opportunities, Challenges, and the Future of Mobile Communications
• Wireless Network Security Protocols: A Comparative Review
• The Evolution of SDN (Software-Defined Networking) and Its Role in Modern Networks
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• Cloud Computing Models: A Comparative Study of IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS
• Challenges and Solutions in Cloud Data Security and Privacy
• The Adoption of Cloud Computing in Healthcare: Benefits and Barriers
• Cybersecurity and Privacy
• Evolving Cyber Threats in the IoT Ecosystem: A Review
• The Impact of Blockchain Technology on Cybersecurity and Privacy
• Privacy Concerns and Data Protection Strategies in Big Data Analytics
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• IoT in Smart Cities: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions
• Security and Privacy Challenges in IoT Devices and Their Mitigation Strategies
• The Role of IoT in Enhancing Agricultural Practices and Outcomes
• Data Science and Big Data Analytics
• Big Data Analytics in Retail: Techniques and Case Studies
• The Role of Data Science in Personalized Medicine: Opportunities and Challenges
• Data Visualization Techniques and Tools: A Review for Effective Data Communication
• Software Development Methodologies
• Agile vs. Waterfall: A Review of Software Development Methodologies
• The Rise of DevOps: Principles, Practices, and Impacts on Software Development
• Microservices Architecture: Challenges and Best Practices in the Modern Software Development Landscape
• Blockchain Technology
• Blockchain Beyond Cryptocurrencies: Applications in Supply Chain Management
• Smart Contracts: Potential, Limitations, and Future Directions
• Blockchain for Enhancing Transparency and Trust in E-Government Services
• Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
• User Experience (UX) Design Principles for Mobile Applications: A Review
• The Impact of Virtual Reality (VR) on Education and Training: A Literature Review
• Accessibility in Web Design: A Review of Guidelines and Best Practices
• Emerging Technologies
• Quantum Computing: Principles, Progress, and Potential IT Applications
• Exploring the Potential of Augmented Reality (AR) in Marketing and Consumer Engagement
• Generative AI in Creative Industries: Opportunities, Ethics, and Future Trends

How to write Review paper for Information Technology Research?

Writing a review paper is considered as an effective work that provides a chance to find gaps in existing studies, examine and describe the latest condition of the research, and recommend possible regions for further exploration process. To carry out this work for Information Technology Research, we offer well-formatted procedures below that support you efficiently:

• Choose the Topic Wisely
• Relevance: It is significant to choose a topic that is related to the domain of IT and the latest trends. You should think about various aspects such as regions that require more in-depth research, current discussions, or evolving technologies.
• Scope: Initially, determine whether you intend to target a very particular area or explore a wide range of research areas. So, to maintain concentration throughout the process, describe the range of your review clearly.
• Conduct a Thorough Literature Search
• Database Search: To identify specific and related conference papers, articles, and books, utilize reputable educational databases such as ACM Digital Library, ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar.
• Keywords: For carrying out an extensive search, a collection of key-terms relevant to the chosen topic have to be created.
• Inclusion Criteria: On the basis of several factors like date of publication, technical approaches, and importance, create particular principles for deciding which materials to encompass in the review.
• Read and Evaluate the Literature
• Summarize Key Findings: It is essential to outline all the major methodologies and discoveries of every material while conducting the reading process.
• Critical Evaluation: Relevant to the specific research domain, explore important discussions, research patterns, and directions. In the previous studies, the challenges, dedications, and methodologies must be assessed thoroughly.
• Organize the Review
• Themes or Chronology: By determining which approach is more suitable for the selected topic, arrange the relevant literature chronologically, theoretically, or thematically.
• Structure: Some major sections like introduction, body (that includes topics or significant concepts), and a conclusion are generally encompassed in review papers. By comparing, differentiating, and integrating the discoveries, describe the literature studies in the body of the review paper.
• Writing the Review
• Introduction: This section should include the introduction of the topic, description of its significance, and demonstration of the review’s goals. Any important themes and keywords relevant to your review have to be specified.
• Current State of Research: Based on the chosen topic, the latest conditions of the research like conceptual procedures and main discoveries must be explained.
• Methodologies: By mentioning any efficiencies and shortcomings, describe the methodologies that are utilized in the specific domain.
• Gaps and Debates: The current discussions, contradictory results, or any research gaps in the studies have to be emphasized.
• Conclusion: In this phase, the major perceptions that you acquired from previous studies must be outlined. You should describe your discovery’s impacts for the particular domain. For further exploration process, recommend potential regions.
• Cite the Sources
• It is crucial to make sure whether each cited material in your review is specified in the reference phase at the end of the review paper. Across the entire paper, you must utilize a coherent citation style such as IEEE, APA.
• Revise and Edit
• Feedback: From experts or professionals, who have knowledge based on your topic, try to obtain suggestions.
• Clarity and Cohesion: You should confirm whether all your discussions are integrated in a consistent and explicit manner and your review is orderly arranged.
• Proofreading: For identifying any formatting problems, typographical, and grammar mistakes, proofread your review thoroughly.

Information Technology Literature Review Ideas

If you are looking for the best Information Technology Literature Review Ideas and writing services then phdservices.org will be your best option. We create custom literature ideas and writing services as per your specifications you can work with some of the leading writers in IT sector. Quality assurance and on time delivery with high esteemed writers your paper will be carried out.

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• Research on Data Mining Modeling Technology of Charging Fault Characteristics Based on BP Neural Network
• Some techniques and applications in data mining
• Data Mining And Analysis For Predicting Electrical Energy Consumption
• A Framework of Multi-Agent Professional Search Engine Based on Rough Set and Data Mining
• Data mining techniques for microarray datasets
• Construction and Application of Bayesian Network Model for Spatial Data Mining

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The Challenges and Opportunities of Smart Cities Infrastructure

• Original Research
• Published: 17 July 2024
• Volume 5 , article number  713 , ( 2024 )

Cite this article

• Amer Abuali 1 ,
• Wejdan Alharthi 1 ,
• Mariam Althbyani 1 ,
• Fahad Ghabban   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-3158-6131 1 ,
• Omair Ameerbakhsh 1 ,
• Ibrahim Alfadli 1 ,
• Ashwaq Hasen Al-Shehri 1 &
• Najmah Adel Fallatah 1  

Information communications technology (ICT) refers to the technology used for communication and managing information must be utilized to enhance the environment, economics, mobility, and governance, among other facets of urban life, in order to create smart cities. However this progress is frequently accompanied by a number of challenges and unfavorable outcomes. This study aims to uncover ICT difficulties related to smart city infrastructure through an extensive literature review. In addition, a survey was carried out among Saudi nationals to find out what they thought about, anticipated, and worried about in terms of smart city concepts and features. The study also looked at a literature checklist of ICT problems, which included dangers to information security, incompatibilities across systems, privacy concerns, and deficiencies in digital capabilities. Based on the findings it appears that privacy breaches and information security concerns are the most important issues. This is explained by heightened susceptibility and potential, cyberattacks and a pervasive ignorance of the protection of personal data. Because of the anticipated high costs and difficulties with adaption and utilization, the public is concerned about incompatibility between systems and services. Furthermore, older individuals and those with lesser educational achievement have different digital skills.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of education in Saudi Arabia.

Author information

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College of Computer Science and Engineering, Information System Department, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia

Amer Abuali, Wejdan Alharthi, Mariam Althbyani, Fahad Ghabban, Omair Ameerbakhsh, Ibrahim Alfadli, Ashwaq Hasen Al-Shehri & Najmah Adel Fallatah

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Contributions

A.A has designed and the study and lead the project. While, W.A has conducted the literature review, and helped in the result interpretation. In addition, MA, and F.G have supervised the work and validated the idea, and made the Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication. Moreover, O.A.B, and I.A have helped in analyzing the related works and providing the first paper draft. Furthermore, A.H.A, and N.A.F have helped in the study design, analyzing the related works. All the authors have reviewed and approved the final paper version.

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Correspondence to Fahad Ghabban .

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All participants involved in this study provided informed consent prior to their participation. They were informed about the purpose of the research, the procedures involved, potential risks and benefits, and their rights as participants. Participants were assured of the confidentiality of their responses and were informed that their participation was voluntary, with the option to withdraw at any time without penalty. Written consent was obtained from participants before their inclusion in the study.

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The smart city concept uses information and communication technologies to improve the quality of life by facilitating more efficient and sustainable management of cities. This questionnaire aims to understand residents' perceptions and concerns regarding the smart city concept and its services. The questionnaire includes three main parts as presented and takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. The first part consists of four questions related to demographic characteristics, including gender, age group, educational level, and current city. The second part includes 10 questions covering participants’ perceptions and interests about the concept of the smart city, its services, and their use of these services. The third part addresses four challenges associated with smart city infrastructure, including information security risks, privacy violations, incompatibilities between different systems, and digital skills gaps identified through the literature review. There are three sub sections for each potential challenges : (1) the potential causes, (2) the severity of the impacts , (3) proposed solutions.

Section 1: Demographic information

What is your sex?

What is your age range?

What is your education level?

Master or higher

What is your current city?

Section 2: Smart City Concept and Services.

How well do you know the concept of smart cities?

I have no knowledge 

Very little 

Some knowledge 

Mention an example of any smart city project you know? Optional question

Smart cities aim to improve the quality of life using communications and information technologies. In your opinion, what are the positives? You can choose multiple answers.

Improved infrastructure: Smart cities use advanced technologies that improve transportation systems, energy networks, and waste management, which leads to reduced resource consumption and lower costs.

Effective transportation: Intelligent transportation systems integrate data and smart sensors to improve traffic flow and reduce congestion.

Improving safety and security: Smart cities use advanced monitoring systems, smart lighting, and emergency response mechanisms to enhance public safety.

Improving the quality of life: Smart cities focus on improving the quality of life of residents by providing smart health care systems, effective public services, and digital communication, which leads to improved access to basic services and increased comfort.

What are your concerns regarding the concept of smart cities? You can choose multiple answers?

Personal data privacy.

Lack of advanced technical skills.

Information security (such as cyber attacks, system collapse).

There are no fears.

how would you rate your participation and involvement in Saudi smart cities initiative?

i have no idea about it .

I heard but am not interested about it.

I am very interested but not involved

I participated in public forums about the initiative 

what is the type of smart city services that you think are more useful and fulfill population needs?

services that bring more stable and safer life

services that contribute to my relationship with other people

services that are conducive to my personal development,self -esteem and self actualization?

how you usually feel when you use e-services such as online mapping, navigation systems? 1 always 5 never

Do you read the disclaimers/conditions when you use a new device or application?

Yes, sometimes

Yes, always

will you stop using a device or installing an application Bea cause you do not accept the disclaimers/conditions?

what is the personal information that you will not give when you use a device or an application?

(a)Location tracking .

(b)Email address .

Phone number .

(d)Social media accounts .

Section 3: Potential challenges associated with smart cities:

1 (Likelihood of possible causes):

Please rate the likelihood of these causes from 1 (very low) to 5 (very high):

2 The impact of these challenges

Please rate the severity of each impact from 1 (very low) to 5 (very high)

3 The effectiveness of some proposed solutions)

Please rate the effectiveness of these solutions from 1 (very low) to 5 (very high):

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Abuali, A., Alharthi, W., Althbyani, M. et al. The Challenges and Opportunities of Smart Cities Infrastructure. SN COMPUT. SCI. 5 , 713 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-024-03033-7

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Received : 12 March 2024

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Published : 17 July 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-024-03033-7

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A systematic literature review : the influence of information technology and organizational learning on performance.

Merlin Apriliyanti , UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya Follow Ilham M , Airlangga University of Surabaya Indonesia Follow Dian Ekowati , Airlangga University of Surabaya Indonesia Follow Tanti Handriana , Airlangga University of Surabaya Indonesia Follow

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Winter 1-9-2021

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This studi is to discuss the information technology enabler is a strategic asset in creating competitive advantage. The contribution of information technology investment to company performance does not appear immediately, but is independent in supporting business activities.

This Study is to discuss about literature review of Information technology enabler is a strategic asset in creating competitive advantage. The contribution of information technology investment to company performance does not appear immediately, but is independent in supporting business activities. The ability and mastery of information technology is not necessarily effective in contributing to company performance. Organizational learning plays a role in mediating the relationship between Information Technology enablers and company performance. This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review of research in the field of Information Technology Enabler and learning organization and performance with data from all international research publications. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review method and the research data using the Services Analyze Search Results from Scopus and the VOSviewer application. The data obtained in this study amounted to 113 academic documents published from 1994 to 2020 globally. The results showed that the most productive institutions and individual researchers at the global level in the publication of Enabler Information Technology and Leraning Organization and Performance with the most researchers were Huo, B. and Lobo, S.R. and Samaranayake, P. with 2 documents. Then the most publications occurred in 2020 with 20 documents, the most documents by country from the Enabler Information Technology and Leraning Organization and Performance Studies were the United Kingdom and the United State with 18 documents. The results of the systematic literature review can be concluded that there is a significant effect of information technology enablers and organizational learning on organizational performance.

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Bioinformatics in neonatal/pediatric medicine—a literature review.

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Rallis, D.; Baltogianni, M.; Kapetaniou, K.; Kosmeri, C.; Giapros, V. Bioinformatics in Neonatal/Pediatric Medicine—A Literature Review. J. Pers. Med. 2024 , 14 , 767. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14070767

Rallis D, Baltogianni M, Kapetaniou K, Kosmeri C, Giapros V. Bioinformatics in Neonatal/Pediatric Medicine—A Literature Review. Journal of Personalized Medicine . 2024; 14(7):767. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14070767

Rallis, Dimitrios, Maria Baltogianni, Konstantina Kapetaniou, Chrysoula Kosmeri, and Vasileios Giapros. 2024. "Bioinformatics in Neonatal/Pediatric Medicine—A Literature Review" Journal of Personalized Medicine 14, no. 7: 767. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14070767

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Bibliometrics & citations, view options, recommendations, neural networks, financial trading and the efficient markets hypothesis.

The efficient markets hypothesis asserts that the price of an asset reflects all of the information that can be obtained from past prices of the asset. A direct corollary of this hypothesis is that stock prices follow a random walk, and that any profits ...

Artificial Intelligence in Financial Markets: Cutting Edge Applications for Risk Management, Portfolio Optimization and Economics

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