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How to Start a Farm: Plan Your Operation

Think about your operation from the ground up and start planning for your business.  A good farm business plan is your roadmap to start-up, profitability, and growth, and provides the foundation for your conversation with USDA about how our programs can complement your operation. 

Keep reading about planning your business below, get an overview of the beginning farmer's journey , or jump to a different section of the farmer's journey.

On This Page

Why you need a farm business plan.

A comprehensive business plan is an important first step for any size business, no matter how simple or complex. You should create a strong business plan because it:

• Will help you get organized . It will help you to remember all of the details and make sure you are taking all of the necessary steps.
• Will act as your guide . It will help you to think carefully about why you want to farm or ranch and what you want to achieve in the future. Over time, you can look back at your business plan and determine whether you are achieving your goals.
• Is required to get a loan . In order to get an FSA loan, a guarantee on a loan made by a commercial lender, or a land contract, you need to create a detailed business plan . Lenders look closely at business plans to determine if you can afford to repay the loan.

How USDA Can Help

Whether you need a good get-started guide, have a plan that you would like to verify, or have a plan you’re looking to update for your next growth phase, USDA can help connect you to resources to help your decisions.

Your state's beginning farmer and rancher coordinator  can connect you to local resources in your community to help you establish a successful business plan. Reach out to your state's coordinator for one-on-one technical assistance and guidance. They can also connect you with organizations that specifically serve beginning farmers and ranchers.

It is important to know that no single solution fits everyone, and you should research, seek guidance, and make the best decision for your operation according to your own individual priorities.

Build a Farm Business Plan

There are many different styles of business plans. Some are written documents; others may be a set of worksheets that you complete. No matter what format you choose, several key aspects of your operation are important to consider.

Use the guidelines below to draft your business plan. Answering these kinds of questions in detail will help you create and develop your final business plan. Once you have a business plan for your operation, prepare for your visit to a USDA service center. During your visit, we can help you with the necessary steps to register your business and get access to key USDA programs.

Business History

Are you starting a new farm or ranch, or are you already in business? If you are already in business:

• What products do you produce?
• What is the size of your operation?
• What agricultural production and financial management training or experience do you, your family members, or your business partners have?
• How long have you been in business?

Mission, Vision, and Goals

This is your business. Defining your mission, vision and goals is crucial to the success of your business. These questions will help provide a basis for developing other aspects of your business plan.

• What values are important to you and the operation as a whole?
• What short- and long-term goals do you have for your operation?
• How do you plan to start, expand, or change your operation?
• What plans do you have to make your operation efficient or more profitable ?
• What type of farm or ranch model (conventional, sustainable, organic, or alternative agricultural practices) do you plan to use?

Organization and Management

Starting your own business is no small feat. You will need to determine how your business will be structured and organized, and who will manage (or help manage) your business. You will need to be able to convey this to others who are involved as well.

• What is the legal structure of your business? Will it be a sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, trust, limited liability company, or other type of entity?
• What help will you need in operating and managing your farm or ranch?
• What other resources, such as a mentor or community-based organization , do you plan to use?

Marketing is a valuable tool for businesses. It can help your businesses increase brand awareness, engagement and sales. It is important to narrow down your target audience and think about what you are providing that others cannot.

• What are you going to produce ?
• Who is your target consumer ?
• Is there demand for what you are planning to produce?
• What is the cost of production?
• How much will you sell it for and when do you expect to see profit ?
• How will you get your product to consumers ? What are the transportation costs and requirements?
• How will you market your products?
• Do you know the relevant federal, state, and local food safety regulations? What licensing do you need for your operation?

Today there are many types of land, tools, and resources to choose from. You will need to think about what you currently have and what you will need to obtain to achieve your goals.

• What resources do you have or will you need for your business?
• Do you already have access to farmland ? If not, do you plan to lease, rent, or purchase land?
• What equipment do you need?
• Is the equipment and real estate that you own or rent adequate to conduct your operation? If not, how do you plan to address those needs?
• Will you be implementing any conservation practices to sustain your operation?
• What types of workers will you need to operate the farm?
• What additional resources do you need?

Now that you have an idea of what you are going to provide and what you will need to run your operation you will need to consider the finances of your operation.

• How will you finance the business?
• What are your current assets (property or investments you own) and liabilities (debts, loans, or payments you owe)?
• Will the income you generate be sufficient to pay your operating expenses, living expenses, and loan payments?
• What other sources of income are available to supplement your business income?
• What business expenses will you incur?
• What family living expenses do you pay?
• What are some potential risks or challenges you foresee for your operation? How will you manage those risks?
• How will you measure the success of your business?

Farm Business Plan Worksheets

The Farm Business Plan Balance Sheet can help gather information for the financial and operational aspects of your plan.

Form FSA-2037 is a template that gathers information on your assets and liabilities like farm equipment, vehicles and existing loans.

• FSA-2037 - Farm Business Plan - Balance Sheet
• FSA-2037 Instructions

Planning for Conservation and Risk Management

Another key tool is a conservation plan, which determines how you want to improve the health of your land. A conservation plan can help you lay out your plan to address resource needs, costs and schedules.

USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) staff are available at your local USDA Service Center to help you develop a conservation plan for your land based on your goals. NRCS staff can also help you explore conservation programs and initiatives, such as the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) .

Conservation in Agriculture

Crop insurance, whole farm revenue protection and other resources can help you prepare for unforeseen challenges like natural disasters.

Disaster Recovery

Special Considerations

Special considerations for businesses.

There are different types of farm businesses each with their own unique considerations. Determine what applies to your operation.

• Organic Farming  has unique considerations. Learn about organic agriculture , organic certification , and the  Organic Certification Cost Share Program  to see if an organic business is an option for you. NRCS also has resources for organic producers and offers assistance to develop a conservation plan.
• Urban Farming  has special opportunities and restrictions. Learn how USDA can help farmers in urban spaces .
• Value-Added Products . The Agricultural Marketing Resource Center (AgMRC) is a national virtual resource center for value-added agricultural groups.
• Cooperative.  If you are interested in starting a cooperative, USDA’s Rural Development Agency (RD) has helpful resources to help you begin . State-based  Cooperative Development Centers , partially funded by RD, provide technical assistance and education on starting a cooperative.

Special Considerations for Individuals

Historically Underserved Farmers and Ranchers: We offer help for the unique concerns of producers who meet the USDA definition of "historically underserved,"  which includes farmers who are:

• socially disadvantaged
• limited resource
• military veterans

Women: Learn about specific incentives, priorities, and set asides for  women in agriculture within USDA programs.

Heirs' Property Landowners: If you inherited land without a clear title or documented legal ownership, learn how USDA can help Heirs’ Property Landowners gain access to a variety of programs and services

Business Planning

Creating a good business plan takes time and effort. The following are some key resources for planning your business.

• Farm Answers from the University of Minnesota features a library of how-to resources and guidance, a directory of beginning farmer training programs, and other sources of information in agriculture. The library includes business planning guides such as a Guide to Developing a Business Plan for Farms and Rural Businesses and an Example Business Plan .
• The Small Business Administration (SBA) offers information about starting, managing, and transitioning a business.

SCORE is a nonprofit organization with a network of volunteers who have experience in running and managing businesses. The Score Mentorship Program partners with USDA to provide:

• Free, local support and resources, including business planning help, financial guidance, growth strategies.
• Mentorship through one-on-one business coaching -- in-person, online, and by phone.
• Training from subject matter experts with agribusiness experience.
• Online resources and step-by-step outlines for business strategies.
• Learn more about the program through the Score FAQ .

Training Opportunities

Attend field days, workshops, courses, or formal education programs to build necessary skills to ensure you can successfully produce your selected farm products and/or services. Many local and regional agricultural organizations, including USDA and Cooperative Extension, offer training to beginning farmers.

• Cooperative Extension  offices address common issues faced by agricultural producers, and conduct workshops and educational events for the agricultural community.
• extension.org  is an online community for the Cooperative Extension program where you can find publications and ask experts for advice.

Now that you have a basic plan for your farm operation, prepare for your visit to a USDA service center.

2. Visit Your USDA Service Center

How to Start a Farm with USDA

Get an  overview of the beginning farmer's journey  or jump to a specific page below.

Find Your Local Service Center

USDA Service Centers are locations where you can connect with Farm Service Agency, Natural Resources Conservation Service, or Rural Development employees for your business needs. Enter your state and county below to find your local service center and agency offices. If this locator does not work in your browser, please visit offices.usda.gov.

Learn more about our Urban Service Centers . Visit the Risk Management Agency website to find a regional or compliance office  or to find an insurance agent near you.

Farm and Agriculture Business Plans

Agri-tourism business plans.

• Vineyard Bed & Breakfast Business Plan
• Agritourism Business Plan

Agriculture Consulting Business Plans

• Agricultural Consultants Business Plan

Agriculture Products & Retail Business Plans

• Butcher Shop Business Plan
• Feed and Farm Supply Business Plan
• Garden Nursery Business Plan
• Garden Products Recycling Business Plan
• Horse Reseller Business Plan
• Recycling Waste Materials Business Plan

Farm Business Plans

• Agriculture Farm Business Plan
• Agriculture Fruit Farm Business Plan
• Horse Training Business Plan
• Hydroponics Farm Business Plan
• Peach and Apricot Farm Business Plan
• Produce Farm Business Plan

Farm Machinery Business Plans

• Farm Machinery Manufacturer Business Plan

Farming and agriculture are complicated businesses. To be successful, you need more than a green thumb and the willingness to get your hands dirty. You need to know how to operate your agricultural enterprise efficiently and not just forecast your crop rotations, but your cash position and revenue. To do that, you need a business plan.

How can a business plan help your farm or agriculture business?

A good business plan will help your farm or food production business grow. It can improve your chances of receiving government grants or loans, help you manage your business through hard times, and identify additional forms of revenue like tourism or consulting. Most lenders or investors require a business plan before they even consider funding a project. When you add in the numerous elements of running an agricultural business, and the factors like weather and government regulations that are often beyond your control, a business plan becomes an essential tool for effective management, strategic planning and communication across all the key stakeholders in your business.

Find the right agriculture business plan template for your business

If you’re not sure where to begin, check out our farms, food growers, food production facilities, and other agriculture-related sample business plans for inspiration.

The quickest way to turn a business idea into a business plan

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Agriculture Business Plan Template

Written by Dave Lavinsky

Agriculture Business Plan

Over the past 20+ years, we have helped over 500 entrepreneurs and farm owners create business plans to start and grow their agricultural companies.

If you’re unfamiliar with creating an agriculture or farm business plan, you may think creating one will be a time-consuming and frustrating process. For most entrepreneurs it is, but for you, it won’t be since we’re here to help. We have the experience, resources, and knowledge to help you create a good business plan.

In this article, you will learn some background information on why business planning is important. Then, you will learn how to write an agriculture business plan step-by-step so you can create your plan today.

Download our Ultimate Business Plan Template here >

What is an Agriculture Business Plan?

A business plan provides a snapshot of your agricultural business as it stands today, and lays out your growth plan for the next five years. It is a valuable tool that explains your business goals and your strategies for reaching them. It also includes market research to support your plans.  

Why You Need a Business Plan for an Agriculture Business

If you’re looking to start an agricultural business or grow your existing agricultural company, you need a business plan. A business plan will help you raise funding, if needed, and plan out the growth of your farm to improve your chances of success. Your agricultural business plan is a living document that should be updated annually as your company grows and changes.  

Sources of Funding for Agricultural Businesses

With regard to funding, the main sources of funding for an agricultural business are personal savings, credit cards, bank loans, and angel investors. When it comes to bank loans, banks will want to review a comprehensive business plan and gain confidence that you will be able to repay your loan and interest. To acquire this confidence, the loan officer will not only want to ensure that your financials are reasonable, but they will also want to see a professional plan. Such a plan will give them the confidence that you can successfully and professionally operate a business. Personal savings and bank loans are the most common funding paths for agricultural companies.

    Finish Your Business Plan Today!

How to write a business plan for an agricultural business.

If you want to start an agricultural business or expand your current one, you need a business plan. A good farm business plan should include 10 sections as follows:

Executive Summary

Company overview, industry analysis, customer analysis, competitive analysis, marketing plan, operations plan, management team, financial plan.

Your executive summary provides an introduction to your business plan, but it is normally the last section you write because it provides a summary of each key section of your plan. The goal of your executive summary is to quickly engage the reader. Explain to them the kind of farm business you are running and the status. For example, are you a startup, do you have an agricultural business that you would like to grow, or do you have a farming operation that you would like to sell? Next, provide an overview of each of the subsequent sections of your plan.

• Give a brief overview of the agricultural industry.
• Discuss the type of farm you are operating.
• Detail your direct competitors. Give an overview of your target customers.
• Provide a snapshot of your marketing strategy. Identify the key members of your team.
• Offer an overview of your financial plan.

In your company overview, you will detail the type of agricultural production you are operating.

For example, you might specialize in one of the following types of agricultural businesses:

• Animal feed manufacturing : the production and sale of food formulas for farm animals.
• Agrichemical and seed manufacturing : the production and sale of agrichemicals (e.g., fertilizers, pesticides, and fungicides) and seeds to farmers that support the growth of their crops.
• Agricultural engineering : development, testing, and implementation of new agriculture tools and machinery to improve the process for farmers.
• Biofuel manufacturing : the production of energy from biomass.
• Crop production : the process of growing and harvesting a variety of crops such as fruits, vegetables, and grains.

In addition, the company overview needs to provide information about the business history.

Include answers to questions such as:

• When and why did you start the business?
• What milestones have you achieved to date? Milestones could include reaching X number of harvests per year, the number of customers served, or reaching $X amount in revenue.
• Your legal business Are you incorporated as an S-Corp? An LLC? A sole proprietorship? Explain your legal structure here.

In your industry or market analysis, you need to provide an overview of the agricultural industry. While this may seem unnecessary, it serves multiple purposes.

First, researching the agricultural industry educates you. It helps you understand the market in which you are operating.

Secondly, market research can improve your marketing strategy, particularly if your analysis identifies industry trends.

The third reason is to prove to readers that you are an expert in your industry. By conducting the research and presenting it in your plan, you achieve just that.

The following questions should be answered in this section:

• How big is the agricultural industry (in dollars)?
• Is the market declining or increasing?
• Who are the key competitors in the market?
• Who are the key suppliers in the market?
• What trends are affecting the industry?
• What is the industry’s growth forecast over the next 5 – 10 years?
• What is the relevant market size? That is, how big is the potential target market for your agricultural business? You can extrapolate such a figure by assessing the size of the market in the entire country and then applying that figure to your local population.

The customer analysis section must detail the customers you serve and/or expect to serve.

The following are examples of customer segments: individuals, schools, families, and corporations.

As you can imagine, the customer segment(s) you choose will have a great impact on the type of agricultural business you operate. Clearly, schools would respond to different marketing promotions than corporations, for example.

Try to break out your target market into segments in terms of their demographic and psychographic profiles. With regards to demographics, including a discussion of the ages, genders, locations, and income levels of the potential customers you seek to serve.

Psychographic profiles explain the wants and needs of your target audience. The more you can recognize and define these needs, the better you will do in attracting and retaining your customers.

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Your competitive analysis should identify the indirect and direct competitors your business faces and then focus on the latter.

Direct competitors are other farms and agricultural producers.

Indirect competitors are other options that customers have to purchase from that aren’t directly competing with your product or service. This includes other types of farmers, wholesalers, and distributors.

For each such competitor, provide an overview of their business and document their strengths and weaknesses. Unless you once worked at your competitors’ businesses, it will be impossible to know everything about them. But you should be able to find out key things about them such as:

• What types of customers do they serve?
• What type of agricultural business are they?
• What is their pricing (premium, low, etc.)?
• What are they good at?
• What are their weaknesses?

With regards to the last two questions, think about your answers from the customers’ perspective. And don’t be afraid to ask your competitors’ customers what they like most and least about them.

The final part of your competitive analysis section is to document your areas of competitive advantage. For example:

• Will you make it easier for your customers to engage with you?
• Will you offer products or services that your competition doesn’t?
• Will you provide better customer service?
• Will you offer better pricing?

Think about ways you will outperform your competition and document them in this section of your plan.

Traditionally, a marketing plan includes the four P’s: Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. For an agriculture business, your marketing strategy should include the following:

Product : In the product section, you should reiterate the type of agricultural company that you documented in your company overview. Then, detail the specific products or services you will be offering. For example, will you produce fruit, soy, or vegetable products?

Price : Document the prices you will offer and how they compare to your competitors. Essentially in the product and price sub-sections of your plan, you are presenting the products and/or services you offer and their prices.

Place : Place refers to the site of your agricultural company. Document where your company is situated and mention how the site will impact your success. For example, is your agricultural business located on a small or large farm near your customer base? And, will you operate one or multiple locations? Discuss how your site might be the ideal location for your customers.

Promotions : The final part is where you will document how you will drive potential customers to your location(s). The following are some promotional methods you might consider:

• Advertise in local papers, radio stations and/or magazines
• Reach out to websites
• Distribute flyers
• Attend farmers markets
• Engage in email marketing
• Advertise on social media platforms
• Improve the SEO (search engine optimization) on your website for targeted keywords

While the earlier sections of your business plan explained your goals, your operations plan describes how you will meet them. Your operations plan should have two distinct sections as follows.

Everyday short-term processes include all of the tasks involved in running your farm business, including scheduling employees, tracking inventory, accepting orders and payments, and meeting with customers.

Long-term goals are the milestones you hope to achieve. These could include the dates when you expect to reach your Xth harvest, or when you hope to generate $X in revenue. It could also be when you expect to expand your farm business to a new region.

To demonstrate your potential to succeed, a strong management team is essential. Highlight your key players’ backgrounds, emphasizing those skills and experiences that prove their ability to grow a company.

Ideally, you and/or your team members have direct experience in managing agricultural businesses. If so, highlight this experience and expertise. But also highlight any experience that you think will help your business succeed.

If your team is lacking, consider assembling an advisory board. An advisory board would include 2 to 8 individuals who would act as mentors to your business. They would help answer questions and provide strategic guidance. If needed, look for advisory board members with experience in managing an agriculture business, or owning their own farm.

Your financial plan should include your 5-year financial statement broken out both monthly or quarterly for the first year and then annually. Your financial statements include your income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statements.

Income Statement

An income statement is more commonly called a Profit and Loss statement or P&L. It shows your revenue and then subtracts your costs to show whether you turned a profit or not.

In developing your income statement, you need to devise assumptions. For example, how many pounds of each crop do you plan to yield each season? And what is your sales strategy to grow by 2% or 10% per year? As you can imagine, your choice of assumptions will greatly impact the financial forecasts for your business. As much as possible, conduct research to try to root your assumptions in reality.

Balance Sheets

Balance sheets show your assets and liabilities. While balance sheets can include much information, try to simplify them to the key items you need to know about. For instance, if you spend $50,000 on building out your farm business, this will not give you immediate profits. Rather it is an asset that will hopefully help you generate profits for years to come. Likewise, if a lender writes you a check for $50,000, you don’t need to pay it back immediately. Rather, that is a liability you will pay back over time.

Cash Flow Statement

Your cash flow statement will help determine how much money you need to start or grow your business, and ensure you never run out of money. What most entrepreneurs and business owners don’t realize is that you can turn a profit but run out of money and go bankrupt.

When creating your Income Statement and Balance Sheets be sure to include several of the key costs needed in starting or growing a farm business:

• Cost of farm equipment and supplies
• Operating expenses
• Payroll or salaries paid to staff
• Business insurance
• Other start-up costs (if you’re a new business) like legal expenses, permits, computer software, and equipment

Attach your full financial projections in the appendix of your plan along with any supporting documents that make your plan more compelling. For example, you might include your farm’s location lease or a list of agricultural equipment and machinery used on your farm.  

Free Business Plan Template for a Farm or Agriculture Business

You can download our farm business plan PDF template here.  

Agriculture Business Plan Summary

Putting together a business plan for your agriculture business will improve your company’s chances of success. The process of developing your plan will help you better understand your target market, your competition, and your customers. You will also gain a marketing plan to better attract and serve customers, an operations plan to focus your efforts, and financial projections that give you goals to strive for and keep your company focused.

Growthink’s Ultimate Business Plan Template allows you to quickly and easily write your business plan.  

Additional Resources for Starting an Agriculture Business

• How To Start a Farm
• Sample Farm Business Plan
• Starting a New Agricultural Business
• Small and Mid-Sized Farmer Resources
• Starting a Sustainable Agriculture Business
• Beginning Farmers and Ranchers Loans
• Business Resources for Those Starting to Farm or for an Existing Farm

With Growthink’s Ultimate Business Plan Template you can finish your plan in just 8 hours or less!

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Since 1999, Growthink has developed business plans for thousands of companies who have gone on to achieve tremendous success.

Click here to see how Growthink’s business plan professional services can help you create a winning business.  

Other Helpful Business Plan Articles & Templates

Farm Business Planning

Farm Business Planning is key to beginning farmer success.

It helps beginning farmers :

• Plan for the economic sustainability of a new farm enterprise.
• Obtain funding to purchase land, equipment and other resources from lending institutions, investors and/or grant making agencies.
• Articulate what their farm will look like.

On this page, we compiled free farm business planning resources to help you understand what a formal business plan is, and how to start planning your farm business. Sections include:

• Developing a Farm Business Plan
• Enterprise Budgeting

Enterprise budget resources are included on the farm business planning page because such tools are usually essential in helping you to develop your business plan.

Planning your farm business involves more than is outlined on this page alone. You’ll probably also be interested in funding (loans/grants) , farm incorporation , and risk management . Our  starting a farm page is worth visiting first. Also, you might find the following article helpful, because it touches on many farm business planning topics: Farm Products, What to Charge: Marketing, Price, Calculating Costs, Strategy and Much More .

1. Developing a Farm Business Plan

A  business plan  is a decision making tool that takes the form of a formal document. It states your business goals, why you think you can achieve them, and lays out your plan for doing so. Farm business planning is also a process, not an end product. A business plan is a work in progress, which farm business owners or operators will want to revisit regularly. 

Planning and Funding Your Farm Business  from the Cornell University Small Farms Project has lots of important and useful farm business planning resources.

Rural Businesses  is a web and print publication from the Minnesota institute for Sustainable Agriculture (MISA).

Building a Business Plan for Your Farm: Important First Steps  is a 20 page farm business planning publication that discusses the initial steps to help you move toward writing a formal business plan.

The Center for Agroecology has a Small Farm Business Planning publication that goes over many of the basics in a step by step format.

Building a Sustainable Business: A Guide to Developing a Business Plan for Farms and Rural Businesses is a farm business planning publication available from SARE.

Do I need a Business Plan for my Farm? is a web resource from the New England Small Farm Institute. It’s a great place to get started.

AgPlan  from the University of Minnesota helps rural business owners develop a business plan for free, while also offering sample business plans for ideas, and a way to print or download your plan.

Developing a Farm Business Plan includes several helpful resources from the USDA National Agricultural Library’s Rural Information Center.

Organic Farm Business Planning Page  from North Carolina State University features a number of publications and links related to financial planing for organic farmers.

Agricultural Business Planning Templates and Resources   is an ATTRA publication most relevant to smaller-scale or alternative agricultural entrepreneurs.

Beginning Farmer and Rancher Resources offers comprehensive resources on Bookkeeping and Other Basics ; Cash Flow Budgeting and Managing Debt ; Small Farm and Ranch Income Taxes , and more.

Purdue University’s Center for Food and Agricultural Business  has educational resources to explore, such as the New Ventures in Food and Agriculture in Indiana , which offers business planning assistance.

Purdue University Cooperative Extension offers strategic farm business planning tools for commercial farm producers.

Penn State University College of Agricultural Sciences has many Business Planning tools and information.  Penn State Cooperative Extension has a Developing a Business Plan page. Penn State also has a Farm Business Plan Template that allows you to plug in your information and create a basic business plan.

The U.S. Small Business Administration  works with local partners to counsel, mentor and train small businesses. It is worth getting to know their programs and connect with your local office.

The Martindale Center Reference Desk has an extensive  compilation of links to calculators, applets, spreadsheets, courses, manuals, handbooks, simulations, animations, videos and more. Martindale’s Agriculture Center can be of great use to farmers making business plans.

2. Enterprise Budgets

Enterprise budgets project costs and returns for a particular farm production practice. You can use enterprise budgets to make smart business management decisions, and to help you develop a viable business plan.

Enterprise Budgeting Tools of all sorts from the Agricultural Marketing Resource Center, including organic crop budgeting tools, many vegetable budgeting tools, the crop conversion tool for side-by-side crop comparisons, specialty crop and livestock budgets, hydroponics budgets, wind calculators, composting calculators, manure calculators, distillers grain budgets, biomass calculators and specialty foods calculators.

Introduction to Farm Planning Budgets for New and Beginning Farmers (Virginia Tech)

Importance and Use of Enterprise Budgets in Agriculture   (University of Nevada)

Enterprise Budgeting (Kerr Center)

Organic Specific Enterprise Budgets

• Enterprise Budgets and Production Costs for Organic Production (ATTRA)
• Organic Crop Production Enterprise Budgets and Information   (Iowa State)
• Organic Enterprise Budget (Kansas Rural Center)

More Enterprise Budget Pages and Information

• Enterprise Budgets List (Virginia Cooperative Extension)
• Dairy Sheep Enterprise Budget (Center for Integrated Ag Systems, UW-Madison)
• Crop Budgets (University of Maryland)
• Farm Management Enterprise Budgets (Ohio State)
• Alabama Enterprise Budget Summaries (Alabama A&M and Auburn) 
• Start developing your business plan with the resources at   https://www.beginningfarmers.org/farm-business-planning/
• You can find more gr eat farming resources at   https://www.beginningfarmers.org/additional-farming-resources/

[Pdf Sample] Integrated Farming Business Plan Docx

Are you interested in venturing into the world of integrated farming? Are you looking for a comprehensive business plan that will guide you through the process? Look no further! In this article, we will provide you with a detailed integrated farming business plan sample in PDF format.

[Pdf Sample] Integrated Farming Business Plan Proposal Docx

To write a business plan , here is a breakdown of how it should be structured and what should be in each category. After this instruction, I will provide you with a sample of one I wrote for my farm also subsequently as we go, so, let us go:

Read Also:  [Pdf Sample] Business Plan For Horticulture Farming Docx

Introduction

In the introduction, we will delve into the concept of integrated farming and its significance in modern agriculture. We will explore how integrated farming promotes sustainable practices , maximizes resource utilization, and reduces environmental impact. Furthermore, we will highlight the potential profitability of integrated farming ventures.

Market Analysis

We will identify the target audience, analyze market trends, and evaluate the competitive landscape. Understanding consumer preferences and market demand will allow you to tailor your integrated farming business to meet market needs effectively.

Farm Selection

Farm infrastructure.

Building an efficient and functional infrastructure is essential for integrated farming operations. In this section, we will outline the necessary facilities and equipment required for crop production, livestock management, and value-added product processing. We will also emphasize the importance of sustainable practices in the design and construction of farm infrastructure.

Crop Production

Integrated farming involves the simultaneous cultivation of various crops . We will provide insights into crop selection, crop rotation strategies, and organic farming practices. We will also explore innovative techniques such as vertical farming, hydroponics, and aquaponics, which can be integrated into your farming system to optimize productivity and resource utilization.

Livestock Management

Integrating livestock into your farming system offers additional revenue streams. This section will focus on livestock selection, breed management, feeding techniques, and disease control measures. We will discuss the benefits of raising animals in conjunction with crop production and explore the concept of symbiotic relationships in integrated farming .

Value-Added Products

Creating value-added products from your farm produce can significantly enhance your profitability . We will explore various processing and preservation methods , such as canning, drying, and juicing. Additionally, we will discuss the development of brand identity, packaging, and marketing strategies for your value-added products.

Marketing and Sales

A successful integrated farming business requires effective marketing and sales strategies. We will discuss the importance of branding, online presence, and networking in promoting your products. Furthermore, we will explore different distribution channels, including direct sales, farmers’ markets, local stores, and online platforms.

Financial Projections

In this section, we will outline the financial aspects of your integrated farming business . We will create a detailed projection of start-up costs, operational expenses, revenue forecasts, and profitability analysis. Understanding the financial implications of your business plan will allow you to make informed decisions and secure necessary funding.

Risk Assessment

Here is the download link to Integrated Farming Business Plan Pdf

Integrated Farming System (IFS) Model:

Integrated Farming System (IFS) is a holistic approach to farming that combines various agricultural components and practices to optimize resource utilization, increase productivity, and enhance sustainability. It involves integrating crop production, livestock management, agroforestry, aquaculture, and other complementary activities on a farm.

Goals of IFS:

The 5 p’s in ifs:.

The 5 P’s in Integrated Farming System (IFS) represent the key components of the system:

Poultry: Livestock, particularly poultry, plays a vital role in IFS by providing manure, pest control , and additional income through meat and egg production.

Piggery: Pig farming contributes to organic waste management, manure production, and income generation through pork production.

People: The involvement and empowerment of farmers, local communities, and stakeholders are crucial for the successful implementation of IFS.

The 6 C’s of IFS:

The 6 C’s in Integrated Farming System (IFS) represent the principles and practices that guide its implementation:

Composting: Utilizing organic waste and livestock manure to produce compost enhances soil health, nutrient availability, and reduces the reliance on synthetic fertilizers.

Conservation: Implementing conservation practices like agroforestry, contour farming, and water management techniques help preserve natural resources and protect the environment.

Care: Prioritizing animal welfare, responsible pesticide use, and sustainable farming practices ensure the long-term health and productivity of the farm.

Commerce: Integrating value-added activities, market-oriented production, and efficient marketing strategies enhance profitability and market competitiveness.

Beneficiaries of IFS:

Consumers: IFS offers consumers access to safe, nutritious, and sustainably produced agricultural products, meeting their preferences for organic and environmentally friendly choices.

Government and Society: IFS aligns with national goals of food security, sustainable agriculture , and rural development, offering potential economic and environmental benefits to society as a whole.

Conclusion:

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How to start a commercial farm in 8 steps

Are you overwhelmed by excess information on the best way to start a commercial farm? In this guide, we focus on the 8 steps that are key for setting up and running a successful crop or an animal farm. The 8 steps are;

• Market research
• Draw a business plan
• Make an operating budget
• Seek funding for your farm

Invest in farm infrastructure and equipment

• Join a farmers forum
• Practice climate-smart agriculture
• Use modern farming tech

These kits will make your farming more professional, evidence-based and well documented. These tools include a business plan, farming guide, soil test kits at home, budget, farm equipment, sourcing guides and water management solutions.  We explore each here below.

Research and analysis

A farming guide provides basic information and instructions for producing and marketing a certain crop or animal. This document is prepared by a qualified expert like a vet or an agronomist. Its topic areas are varied and include;

• The different varieties or breeds of crops or animals you intend to raise. The pros and cons of each variety are provided. A farmer can choose the most efficient one to produce.
• Rainfall amounts, temperature and altitude range where the plant or animal thrives well.  More information is on soil features like PH, Drainage and type.
• Crop production guides focus on plant multiplication methods, land preparation, crop spacing, planting and manure application. More information is on cultivation, pruning, top-dressing, common pests and diseases, spraying and farm chemical recommendations. 
• Livestock and poultry raising guides have information on breeds, feeding and vaccination. Instructions are also offered on how to construct shelters and how to set the field.
• Best practices on Harvesting grading and storage of produce to reduce post-harvest losses.

You can easily download dozens of cheap farming guides online. Choose one compiled by a leading authority (positive reviews) in your desired field. Farming techniques vary from one region to the next. To enjoy the highest value for your money, look for a farming guide prepared in your own country or one near you with similar ecological and production features. Shop for latest farm guides today in poultry, livestock, bees and horticultural production from amazon here

Make a business plan

Each farm whether it is for-profit or non-profit needs a business plan. This will determine if an agribusiness investment is right for you. It is a necessary document when you are pitching for cheaper agricultural loans and grants. It is important for a start-up or an expanding business. The ideal period for a business plan is three years while a strategic plan should be five years. Missing a proper plan on your production and marketing operations is courting failure and attracting loss of your investment. The key parts of your farming business plan are; 

• Market research or analysis which determines internal and external business capacity including SWOT and PESTLE analysis. 
• Farming operation plans like cultivation, crop protection and animal health management for maximum yields and profit generation.
• Marketing operations outlining your potential consumers, pricing strategies, market potential and market share.
• Budget and cash flow projections outlining your expected investment and cash flows throughout your operations period. 
• Human resource plan for casual, skilled and unskilled labourers for profitable farming and safety production. 
• Risk mitigation and control measures including insurance options for your crops and livestock. 
• An exit strategy on how you will either re-invest or shut down your farm incurring no losses.  

A business planning process helps you in developing as well as review and or revise your investment plans in your farm. The process has to be owned and led by the farming business (cooperative, partnership, and sole-proprietor). The process can also be outsourced to a professional firm or consultants.

Agcenture develops profitable business plans for small, medium and big farms. Each plan is customized to the type of crops or animals that you grow, geographical location and level of operations. Get in touch today with one of our specialists to learn more. 

Make a farm budget

A budget is a must document for your farm.  To plan, control and all gauge performance of farm operations costs and revenue. You need it to complete the financial strategy section of your business plan. It is useful as a decision-making tool while you are shopping for affordable credit or loan.

To develop your farm budget;

• Compile all the costs you will incur to source inputs, pay workers, and settle utility bills, market produce, and other miscellaneous costs.
• Determine the expected revenue from selling your yields by multiplying the yields by the unit selling price.
• Compute your cash flows and profitability by comparing revenues and costs.

Agcenture analyses profits for growing various crops and animals as shown here. In our approach, we specify the quantity and prevailing market prices of each item. This ensures accuracy and relevance in our estimates for informed decisions. We also offer to make custom profit analysis for a specific crop or animal production on your farm. 

Seek funding

Investing in agribusiness is expensive, hence the need for financial loans.  Your farm is risky to droughts and you require to mitigate through a crop or animal insurance. Sometimes, farmers and traders settle for poor financial products and services given their low financial literacy. Others cannot enjoy farming grants for failing to respond to grant terms satisfactorily.

Accessing a loan from a bank, Sacco or mobile apps for farming purposes is expensive.  Majority of borrowers cannot pay their loans in case of erratic weather. They end up rated poorly on credit score or blacklisted from future borrowing.  To avoid such a scenario, engage in capital budgeting and cash projections to choose the best lender and negotiate loan terms.

To mitigate farming risks, you need an insurance policy. To choose the most appropriate, you need advice from an expert. 

If you are eligible for a grant, you need to respond to the proposed terms satisfactorily. This process is technical and requires the services of an informed proposal or grant writer.

 Agcenture offers advisory service in the capital budgeting process for agricultural assets like tractors, coolers and greenhouses.  We also project cash flows for running your farm efficiently. You can use can this information to choose the best lender. Cash projections will inform on your capacity to repay a loan. You can use this information to negotiate for favourable terms such as grace period or term extensions.

You can also access our grant application and proposal writing services. You can contact our services or enjoy our coaching services to train you on how to develop winning proposals. 

Automation in farming is crucial for improving your yields, cutting costs and improving labor efficiency. Modern equipment such as coolers assists gardeners to add value or process products to earn extra income and reduce incidences of post-harvest food loss. 

Modern farm structures that reduce growth maturity period and improve quality of yields are greenhouses, raised seedbeds, rooftop gardens, zero-grazing units and drip irrigation kits. Additional equipment includes cold storage, wash and pack facilities among others. The process of shopping, buying, installing or building those farm structures and equipment is critical for good performance and affordability. 

Agcenture offers food chain players with technical and financial assistance to mechanize their operations. Our services focus on choice and installation of modern equipment, clean energy (solar and wind) machines, efficiency audits and improvement advice for profitability among other services.

Join a farmers organisation

Smallholder farmers do not make a profit from their operations. They lack direct access to urban consumers and depend on brokers who exploit them. There are many market linkage strategies which growers can adopt to reach more consumers and diversify their income streams. These strategies are;

• Food safety certification and trace-ability compliance with international and local requirements such as ISO, Global GAP and Onkes1758. 
• Organic food production strategies, use of bio-pesticides and other premium production methods that guarantee premium prices.
• Formal management of farmer markets, mobile markets, roadside stands and restaurants. 
• Agricultural production and marketing diversification including growing and marketing of specialty breeds of crops and animals such as African leafy vegetables and mushrooms.
• Establishment and management of producer associations, cooperatives and agribusinesses.
• Out-grower schemes and contracted farming that facilitate timely access to farm inputs, professional agronomic support and guarantee a ready market. 

Agcenture assists in the design and execution of market linkage strategies. We have a rich network of value chain players from input suppliers, processors and food traders benefiting our clients with marketing services. You can contact us today to learn more. 

Embrace Climate-smart farming

Climate change is a key threat to your agricultural production today. Frequent and prolonged droughts can make you lose a total or partial crop. Besides, you can lose fodder or water for your animals. Climate-smart agriculture proposes for efficient water management practices that are clean energy efficient and saves on water wastage. 

These methods include; drip and precise irrigation, rainwater harvesting and collection of flood runoff and use of greenhouses and exotic mulch materials.  We assist food growers in choosing and implementing viable water management practices. Contact us to learn more.

Invest in modern-intensive production systems

Accessing farmland today is hard and expensive especially where the grower is not the farm owner.  Many land sellers subdivide the land to uneconomical parcel unfit for farming. In our urban farming advisory services, we promote zero-acreage farming and intensive production systems.

• Soil-less production techniques include production in other items rather than soil. They include vertical farming methods like hydroponics and aquaponics systems. Other means are growing crops on rooftops, vertical gardens and containers hanged or placed on walls, windows and balconies. 
• Intensive production systems in pig and poultry production, zero-grazing in dairy farming as well as greenhouse production in horticultural and vegetable farming. 

We assist producers in choosing appropriate soilless and intensive production systems to ensure profitability for commercial urban farmers.

The above guides and toolkit are appropriate for all farmers but more applicable to urban farmers, “telephone farmers” couch farmers and remote/ diaspora investors wishing to outsource their production to professional agriculturists.  These tool kits can make your farming more professional, making it more evidence-based with proper documentation.

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A step-by-step guide to creating a successful mixed farming business plan can help farmers navigate the industry’s complexities and ensure a profitable and sustainable operation. This guide should include an industry overview, market analysis, financial projections, and strategies for managing risks and resources. Farmers can develop a clear vision for their business and succeed in the competitive mixed farming industry by following a step-by-step approach.

Mixed Farming Business Plan

Mixed agriculture is a type of farming that involves both the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock on the same farm. The practice is common in many countries, including India, Malaysia, Indonesia, South Africa, Canada, and Russia. In mixed farming, crops, and livestock are interdependent, with animal waste used as fertilizer for crops and crops used as feed for livestock.

This maximizes land use and creates a sustainable and efficient system. Mixed farming can include a variety of crops and livestock, such as cereal crops, vegetables, fruits, cattle, sheep, pigs, and poultry. This approach allows farmers to diversify their income streams and mitigate risks associated with relying on a single commodity. As agriculture continues to evolve, mixed farming remains a popular and important method of agricultural production.

Mixed farming refers to an agricultural system in which farmers perform different agricultural practices together, such as crop cultivation, livestock rearing, horticulture, forestry, and fisheries, on the same farm. In India, where agriculture is the main source of income for most people, mixed farming has become an important way of handling the various problems faced by the different sub-sectors of agriculture. With extreme climate changes and volatile agricultural markets, mono-culture activity could be risky, and farmers who depend solely on the value of a single crop are under threat.

Mixed farming provides better income returns to farm owners and higher productivity. It reduces the cost of production per unit area, increases income and productivity, and reduces the risk to farmers. The mixed farming system could be crop-livestock, crop-forestry, crop-horticulture, fish-pig, fish-duck, paddy-fish, etc. In addition, mixed farming promotes sustainable agriculture by utilizing natural resources efficiently without balancing the environment.

• Mixed farming is a method of farming that involves growing crops and raising livestock on the same piece of land. This type of farming offers numerous benefits to farmers.
• One of the benefits is that it allows farmers to keep their areas under continuous production, thereby enriching the growth of the farmland. It also raises the per capita profitability of farmers by diversifying their income sources.
• Mixed farming involves the complementary use of crops and livestock. Farmers grow fodder in the field, used to feed the livestock. This improves the land’s health and boosts the harvest return. 
• Moreover, it helps farmers earn money throughout the season. When crops fail due to climatic or other reasons, livestock can provide an alternative source of income.
• Keeps the environmental balance by reducing the dependence on chemical fertilizers.

In case you missed it: Beekeeping Business Plan: Bee Farming Cost, Profit, and Project Report in India

• Co-cultivation farming involves growing two or more crops on the same land simultaneously, with each crop benefiting the other. The crops should have different water requirements, maturation times, root depths, and nutrient requirements. Examples include maize and potato, cotton and moong bean, sorghum, and pigeon pea.
• Agricultural crops with garden system : Farmers grow agricultural crops in the fertile wasteland in the fruit crops/garden. For instance, growing spices in a coconut garden.
• Agricultural with forestry system : This system involves growing forestry plants and crops together. In some places, trees are grown around the bunds of a field crop.
• Beekeeping with crops : This system involves cultivating crops along with beekeeping to ensure a steady supply of flowers for bees. Suitable crops include sunflower, mustard, and others.
• Fish with pig farming : This system involves rearing fish with pig farming. About 30-40 pigs provide enough manure to raise fish in one hectare of a pond.
• Farm pond system : In this system, farmers construct small ponds to store rainwater, which can be used for fish farming or growing vegetables.
• Fish with duck farming : This system involves raising fish, ducks, and vegetables together. Approximately 250-300 ducks are enough to manure a 1 ha of water-spread area.
• Fish with paddy farming : Farmers can cultivate paddy and raise fish in this system. This method can increase the yield of paddy by more than 50%.

A business plan is a formal document that helps in outlines the goals and objectives of a business and the strategies that will be used to achieve them. It provides a roadmap for the organization and helps to guide decision-making, allocate resources, and measure progress.

In case you missed it: Crafting a Regenerative Farming Business Plan for a Thriving Future

• Market research involves gathering information about the demand for your products and the competition in your area.
• Choosing a location : You need to select a location that is suitable for farming and is easily accessible to customers and suppliers.
• Securing funding : You will need to determine the amount of funding you need to start your business and explore financing options such as loans, grants, and crowdfunding.
• Developing a business plan : Your business plan should outline your goals, strategies, and financial projections.
• Obtaining necessary permits and licenses : You must obtain permits and licenses from local and state authorities to operate your business legally.
• Acquiring equipment and supplies : You will need to purchase equipment such as tractors, plows, and harvesters, as well as seeds, fertilizers, and other supplies.
• Hiring employees : You may need employees to assist with farming operations, marketing, and administration.
• A business plan helps clarify goals and strategies.
• It helps secure funding from investors and lenders.
• A business plan provides a framework for measuring progress.
• It helps communicate with stakeholders such as employees and suppliers.

Funding sources for a mixed farming business include loans from financial institutions and government and private grants for sustainable and organic farming. 

The summary is the first section of your business plan, providing a brief business overview. It should include the following:

• A description of your mixed farming business and its products.
• An overview of the market and competition.
• Your goals and strategies for achieving them.
• Your financial projections.
• A summary of your team and their qualifications.

In case you missed it: Organic Farming Profits Per Acre in India: Cost of Cultivation, Production Key Rules to Double Returns

• A mixed farming business combines multiple agricultural practices, such as crop production, animal husbandry, and forestry, within a single farm operation.
• The goal of mixed farming is to diversify income streams and maximize the use of available resources, including land, labor, and equipment.
• Mixed farmers may grow crops like wheat, corn, or soybeans and raise livestock such as cattle, pigs, or chickens.
• They may also engage in other agricultural activities like beekeeping, fish farming, or fruit and vegetable cultivation.
• To succeed, mixed farmers must be knowledgeable about various farming techniques, crop and livestock management, and marketing strategies.
• A successfully mixed farming business requires careful planning and management and the ability to adapt to changing market conditions and weather patterns.
• Mixed farming businesses can provide various benefits, such as sustainable land use practices, local food production, and rural economic development.
• This type of farming provides a diverse source of income and reduces the risks associated with a single crop failure.
• Farmers in mixed farming often use crop rotation to maintain soil fertility and reduce the spread of diseases.
• Livestock raised in mixed farming can provide additional income by selling meat, dairy, and other animal products.
• Mixed farming requires significant investment in infrastructure and equipment, including buildings, machinery, and storage facilities.
• Mixed farming offers a range of business opportunities, including cultivating multiple crops and raising different types of livestock, which can be sold to local or regional markets.
• Farmers can also sell their products online or through farmer’s markets, which are becoming increasingly popular.
• Value-added products, such as cheese, yogurt, and other dairy products, can be made from milk produced by livestock, which can be sold at a higher price than raw milk.
• Using sustainable and organic farming practices, mixed farmers can tap into the growing organic and environmentally friendly products market.
• Mixed farming can also provide opportunities for agritourism, such as farm stays, tours, and other on-farm activities, which can provide an additional source of income.
• Mixed farming can provide opportunities for collaboration with other farmers and businesses, such as cooperatives and joint ventures, to share resources and reduce costs.

In case you missed it: How to Start Polyhouse Farming from Scratch: For Vegetables, Flowers, and Herbs

• Identify your target market : Determine the audience for your mixed farming products, such as local consumers, restaurants, or specialty markets.
• Develop a unique selling proposition : Define what sets your products apart from competitors, such as using sustainable farming practices or producing value-added products.
• Build brand awareness : Develop a brand that resonates with your target market, a logo, and a website that highlights your products and values.
• Leverage social media : Use social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter to showcase your products and engage with customers.
• Offer promotions and discounts : Provide incentives to encourage repeat business, such as discounts on bulk purchases or loyalty programs.
• Crop and livestock planning : Determine which crops and livestock to cultivate and raise, and develop a planting and harvesting schedule to maximize yield.
• Land and equipment management : Ensure all equipment is properly maintained and serviced and the land is prepared for planting and grazing.
• Animal care and health : Provide proper nutrition, healthcare, and shelter for all livestock, and monitor their health regularly to prevent diseases.
• Sales and marketing : Develop a sales and marketing strategy to sell the crops and livestock, such as through local markets, online platforms, and partnerships with other businesses.
• Financial management : Keep accurate records of expenses and revenue, and create a budget to ensure the business remains profitable. Regularly analyze financial statements and make adjustments to improve profitability.

In case you missed it: Earning 10 Lakh From Lemongrass Farming: How This Farmer Turned Rich by Growing This Medicinal Plant

Mixed farming business management involves overseeing all aspects of the farming operation, from crop and livestock production to sales and marketing, financial management, and human resources. Effective management requires a strong understanding of agriculture and business management principles such as budgeting, strategic planning, and risk management.

To remain competitive, farmers must stay current with changing regulations, industry trends, and emerging technologies. Communication and leadership skills are also important, as farmers must effectively communicate with employees, partners, and customers to ensure the business’s success.

A financial plan for a mixed farming business should include a budget, revenue forecast, and strategies for managing expenses and generating income. The budget should account for all expenses, including equipment, labor, feed, maintenance, and projected crop and livestock sales revenue.

Strategies for managing expenses include using sustainable farming practices to reduce costs, negotiating prices with suppliers, and investing in renewable energy sources to lower costs. Income can be generated by diversifying products, offering value-added products, and collaborating with other businesses. Farmers should also consider financing options such as grants, loans, and crowdfunding to ensure adequate capital for the operation. Regular financial monitoring and analysis can help identify areas for improvement and opportunities for growth.

A well-crafted mixed farming business plan is essential for anyone looking to start a mixed farming business. It serves as a roadmap to success and helps secure funding, attract investors, and identify potential challenges and opportunities. By following the step-by-step guide outlined in this article, farmers can create a comprehensive business plan tailored to their specific needs and goals, setting them on the path to a successful and profitable farming operation.

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Crop Planning 101: How To Make A Crop Plan (Simplified)

I first learned how to make a crop plan a couple years ago in order to offer a weekly vegetable bundle to my micro farm customers. 

Today, I still use my original crop plan as a base but have simplified it considerably to make it suitable for use in container gardening .

In this article, I’ll share a simple process to create a crop plan and some reference data I’ve collected from my garden.

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What Is A Crop Plan?

A crop plan is a simple tool designed to give growers a visual overview of their potential crop production throughout the year.

In its basic form, it can help schedule planting, but farmers can also develop it to assist with more advanced tasks such as budgeting, calculations for seed orders, and forecasting sales.

Importance Of Crop Planning

Crop Planning takes some of the guesswork out of food production. It allows us to make the most of available space at any given time. 

In fact, the main objective of crop planning is to increase profit and productivity while lowering the resources used. 

How To Make A Crop Plan (Step By Step)

The easiest way to make a crop plan is to plot the necessary information on a graph paper or spreadsheet. 

This visual approach allows us to ensure that the entire garden is wholly planted out at any given time. 

1. Collect Growing Information For Each Plant

To begin, you have to create a list of the plants you want to grow. Select vegetables and herbs you like to eat or usually use in the kitchen.

Then, gather the planting information for each crop on the list. Fill in the following details:

2. Determine How Many Of Each Vegetable You Need

Next, you need to figure out how many plants to grow. This can be based on your current grocery list or your available space.

You can modify the list to suit your needs. Then, add a new column to your plant list to include your ideal quantities. This will give you an idea of how many plants you need to grow.

3. Create A Visual Crop Map

Once you have your list and planting information, you can plot it down on a grid using either graph paper or a spreadsheet.

4. Use A Crop Map To Create A Succession Plan

You can use the information in your plant list to fill in the “empty spaces” with a suitable vegetable . Remember, start from the harvest and work back to the transplant date.

We then have to use the planting information from each vegetable and continue until the entire growing season is covered.

5. Estimate The Seed Start Date For Each Crop

Now that you have completed your Succession Plan, it’s time to extract the various transplant and harvest dates, then start to develop the actual crop plan.

For this exercise, I will use data from my farm, where the average temperature throughout the year is about 86 °F. 

6. Assemble The Crop Plan

Now, you have all the information you need to create your crop plan. You can organize the table to suit your needs. However, I prefer to start with the harvest dates as in the table below.

However, you can choose whichever date you intend to give priority. Remember, this is only a guide, so be prepared to adjust when necessary. 

7. Transfer Information To Calendar (Optional)

Additionally, you can add other tasks, such as fertilizer and pest management schedules. You can be as broad or detailed as you wish.

Final Thoughts

A crop plan is a valuable tool to help you maximize your gardening efforts. However, the accuracy of the plan depends on many factors, some of which are beyond our control.

That said, the crop plan cannot miraculously transform your garden. Still, it can help you focus on completing important tasks on time. 

Related Questions

What is crop planning, what are multiple cropping methods.

The two main types of Multi Cropping Methods are succession cropping and intercropping, which include the production of 2 or more types of crops in the same area within the same calendar year.

What Is Meant By Crop Rotation?

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How to Write a Business Plan for Farming and Raising Livestock

Last Updated: May 4, 2023 Approved

This article was co-authored by Karin Lindquist . Karin Lindquist earned a BSc in Agriculture as an Animal Science major from the University of Alberta, Canada. She has over 20 years of experience working with cattle and crops. She's worked for a mixed-practice veterinarian, as a sales representative in a farm supply store, and as a research assistant doing rangeland, soil, and crop research. She currently works as a forage and beef agriculture extension specialist, advising farmers on a variety of issues relating to their cattle and the forages they grow and harvest. wikiHow marks an article as reader-approved once it receives enough positive feedback. This article received 17 testimonials and 93% of readers who voted found it helpful, earning it our reader-approved status. This article has been viewed 383,671 times.

A business plan is essential to have in place before you seek to start up a farm business, no matter what else you've done by way of preparation. In today's world, animal agriculture is more complex and more variable than it was 100 years ago. There are changing markets, high costs, low profit margins, different ways to raise cattle, and niche markets. The type of business plan you make is up to you, but the following step-by-step process of making a proper business plan will help you in the long run.

• You should be mainly brainstorming about your goals and objectives. [1] X Research source It's much more effective to run any business when you have a goal in mind to reach rather than having vague ideas of "wanting to do something with animals". That's simply not enough, and is certainly not going to get you anywhere fast!
• As you consider your goals, remember that strategy is not the same as marketing. The strategy for your business is how you plan to deliver value to your customers (your "value proposition"), how you intend to you convince potential customers to obtain that value from you by communicating your distinctiveness as a producer (or, what makes you different from other farms or ranches), and why you can deliver that value better than other producers (your performance anatomy). Your marketing plan should explain how you intend to communicate your strategy to your existing and potential customers. [2] X Research source

• Such an analysis is very simple and flexible to use, since you can use it to analyze your personal self, your business, or the industry you are wishing to start a career in.
• Internal forces that you have control over such as what breeds you choose, whether you want to run an intensive or extensive operation, how you feed your animals, etc.
• External forces that you have no control over such as the weather, the topography and soil-type of the land you are farming/ranching on, local, national and international industry issues, market prices, product demand and consumer preferences.
• Also analyze your farm, the land your farm sits on and your family. Ask similar questions as mentioned above, only with your family you will need to ask about times you should have to spend with them, what will happen if you put your farming operation before your family, what you can do to encourage and teach your kids to be involved in your operation, etc.
• The more research about what you're getting into that you do at this stage, the more aware you will be of what to expect when surprises do come. When you finally get started on your business plan, you'll be far more aware of the pitfalls, challenges , needs and requirements it takes to be involved and compete in the kind of livestock/farming operation you want to have.

• Where am I at now? Include a SWOT analysis (see earlier step), for these areas: customers, operations, human resources, and finance . If you don't have a business, a SWOT analysis as mentioned in the previous step is totally fine.
• Personal goals include things like working fewer hours, furthering your education in areas like different commodity markets or accounting and production programs, etc.
• Business goals are focused mainly on the farm unit as a business entity; examples include maximum debt load to carry, possibly owning or controlling x number acres, etc.
• How do I get there? This is the most important part of your business plan, because this is the area where you put on paper how you want to get the things you want for a better you, family and business. Brainstorming is great tool to use in this section, as you can always have a Plan B, C, D, etc., in addition to your Plan A.
• How do I know I have arrived? If you visualize your business plan as a journey, it is not difficult to understand that you will need to measure your progress along the way and determine if you are moving towards your goals, spinning your wheels or rolling backwards. This is done by defining, collecting and reviewing metrics, measurements and Key Performance Indicators on a regular basis in order to validate your plan and decisions, direct your future activities, justify any modifications to the plan and intervene when things are not happening according to the plan. All your goals should be measurable. Metrics and measurements will give you the answer to this important question.

• Vision Statement: A statement of what you or your farm will look like in the next 5 to 10 years.
• Mission: This determines or defines the purpose the organization attempts to perform in society. This statement should concisely explain what the company does, for whom and why.
• Values: These are general standards or guidelines that are important to your farm and farm family.
• Situational Analysis: This is the process of identifying and understanding how your business is positioned within the environment you operate, both internal and external. Step 3 is what this part of the strategic plan is all about.
• Goals: What are the major achievements you would like to accomplish in the next 3 to 5 years?
• Objectives: How do you plan on achieving your goals?
• Critical Success Factors: Areas of performance critical to long-term successes of an organization, and its development, growth and achievement. For each CSF you should define one or more Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), which are metrics you will use to determine if you are achieving your CSFs. CSFs are expressed as general statements of goals ("Maintain customer satisfaction.") while KPIs are more specific ("Decrease in number of product packaging complaints.")
• In a nutshell, you don't have to go through the headache of answering all of the questions posted above. Instead, use the three simple questions above in Step 4 as a means to answer all 8 of these standard business-plan questions.
• Production resources are also important to mention: Land base, Equipment base, and Buildings and Structures.
• Marketing Plan: Where and how will you sell your commodities? Remember, selling is just getting rid of what you have. When you market, you have to plan to sell commodities at a good price.
• Financial Plan: This includes budget analysis, revenues and expenses, debt, unpaid labour, opportunity costs, benchmark analysis of yourself from other operations, statements of cash flow , depreciation of machinery, animals, buildings, etc., wages, family living costs, etc.
• Human Resources plan: Most farms rely on one worker (i.e., the owner) to run the operation. But, nonetheless, human resource plans should highlight hiring issues facing the business and how to address them. It should further describe the kind of people that are required to operate the business (general responsibilities, title, skills, availability and any training programs needed.)
• Plan: Establish the objectives for whatever it is you intend to do, the processes necessary achieve those objectives and the metrics and measurements required to control the processes and prove that the objectives are being achieved.
• Do: Execute the plan and collect metrics and measurements along the way as defined in the previous phase.
• Check: Review the results, metrics and measurements and determine if any improvements can and should be made to the plan.
• Act: Implement the improvements so the next time the process is executed the results will be better.
• Succession Planning . This can be the hardest part of a business plan, as one has to plan what should happen if the main operator is injured or worse, dies. Succession planning includes developing a continuity plan for your business and determining the process of transitioning a business to new owners. This transition may be an outside sale (equipment and land auction sale), or an inheritance sale (passing the business down to the next generation). [7] X Research source

• Proprietorship : This is the simplest form of business organization. It primarily involves one person running the whole she-bang. Debts and negligent acts committed by employees are the responsibility of the proprietor. But, all the legal complications and expenses and negotiations for agreements are not required, nor is a business name required.
• General Partnership : This means two or three people running an operation. With more than one person running a farm, this means that the business must have a registered name, and each partner is responsible for all debts, obligations and liabilities of the operation. This partnership automatically dissolves with a death, bankruptcy, or insolvency.
• Limited Partnership : This is basically one person is responsible for everything in the firm, whereas the other is only there to supply capital, nothing more or less. A limited partner has no active part in the goings-on of an operation, but he may inspect the books of the firm and advise management.
• Co-ownership : This is where two or more persons own property jointly.
• Joint Venture : This is commonly used in farming, where there is a joint partnership between parties, and is created in order to conduct a specific or limited commercial venture without creating a partnership. This is commonly a temporary arrangement between two parties.
• Corporations : These are legal entities where shareholders own the corporation through the ownership of shares. It is a separate legal entity, distinct from its shareholders. The individual shareholder's liability is limited to that person's investments in the corporation, unless the shareholder has personally guaranteed the obligations of the corporation. A corporation can provide very flexible framework in terms of succession to the next generation. The owner may also give employees shares in the growth and profit of the operation without giving up management rights of a partner.
• Trust: This is a relationship where legal ownership of the property is separated from beneficial ownership of the property.

Community Q&A

• Ask for help when writing a business plan. Get a professional business analyst or someone similar with lots of experience analyzing and writing up such plans so they can help you if and when you are stuck on a particular section. Thanks Helpful 33 Not Helpful 5
• A business plan is good to have when signing on for a loan at the bank. They will be more interested in the financial portion of your business plan, because they need to see how it will affect them in terms of what they can get out of it in terms of money. Thanks Helpful 30 Not Helpful 9
• Put everything in writing. Nothing's worse than not writing something down and suddenly forgetting it. Also, have a separate file folder for thus business plan so you know where it is and where you can access it in the future. If you have it on the computer, save it on a hard drive or a data stick so if your computer crashes on you and you can't get your work back up, you have it saved on a separate disk. Thanks Helpful 29 Not Helpful 10

• Don't go in over your head and attempt to write out a business plan in one sitting. It may take a week or more before you get it all done, so take your time. Indeed, many established businesses started by spending six months or more preparing business plans; rushing will simply harm your business in the long run. Thanks Helpful 11 Not Helpful 2
• Don't think that you won't have to look at your business plan ever again for the rest of the time you are running your operation. You should always try to analyze what yourself and your business at least once a year to know where you are struggling and where you are doing great. Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 2

Things You'll Need

• Computer text program or paper/notepad and pens
• Printer if you want hard copies of computer documents
• Research tools such as the internet, local library, libraries of agricultural bodies, etc.
• Phone numbers of people in the industry that you're interested in so that you can ask any important questions
• Books or websites on making business plans (but don't over-complicate things)
• Books on information about certain livestock interested in raising
• Newspapers and magazines of industry news and events in your area or the area you are interested in pursuing your farming career

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://grasshopper.com/academy/developing-a-business-plan/brainstorming-tips/
• ↑ https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelskok/2013/06/14/4-steps-to-building-a-compelling-value-proposition/
• ↑ https://www.business.qld.gov.au/starting-business/planning/market-customer-research/swot-analysis/conducting
• ↑ https://www.agriculture.com/farm-management/business-planning/do-a-swot-analysis-on-your-farm
• ↑ https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-strategic-planning-and-operational-planning.html
• ↑ https://fitsmallbusiness.com/business-succession-planning/

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Crop Production Strategy Plan Template

What is a Crop Production Strategy Plan?

A crop production strategy plan outlines the practical steps needed to meet the desired goals for crop production. It is a comprehensive plan that outlines the objectives, actions, and measurable targets (KPIs) necessary to achieve the desired outcome. It also serves as a roadmap for how to implement projects and make decisions throughout the crop production process.

What's included in this Crop Production Strategy Plan template?

• 3 focus areas
• 6 objectives

Each focus area has its own objectives, projects, and KPIs to ensure that the strategy is comprehensive and effective.

Who is the Crop Production Strategy Plan template for?

The Crop Production Strategy Plan template is designed for agricultural companies, farming cooperatives, and other organizations involved in crop production and management who are looking to develop or improve their strategic plans. The template provides a comprehensive overview of the key components of a crop production strategy plan.

1. Define clear examples of your focus areas

The first step in developing a crop production strategy plan is to define the focus areas. Focus areas are the broader goals and objectives that the plan should strive to achieve. Examples of strategic focus areas that could fall under a Crop Production Strategy Plan could be: Improve Crop Yield, Improve Water Management, and Reduce Pesticide Usage.

2. Think about the objectives that could fall under that focus area

Once the focus areas have been identified, the next step is to think about the objectives that could fall under each focus area. Objectives are the specific goals that should be achieved in order to meet the broader focus area. Examples of objectives could include increasing crop yield, improving soil quality, increasing irrigation efficiency or reducing the use of pesticides.

3. Set measurable targets (KPIs) to tackle the objective

Setting measurable targets (KPIs) is an important part of the crop production strategy plan. KPIs are measurable targets that can be used to track progress towards the objectives. Examples of KPIs could include increasing average crop yield from 10 tons/acre to 15 tons/acre, increasing average soil organic matter from 2.7% to 4.5%, increasing irrigation efficiency from 35% to 60%, or decreasing total water usage by 40%.

4. Implement related projects to achieve the KPIs

Once the KPIs have been established, the next step is to implement related projects to achieve them. Projects are the practical steps that must be taken in order to meet the KPIs. Examples of projects could include utilizing fertilizers to increase crop yield, using organic matter to improve soil quality, replacing traditional irrigation systems to increase irrigation efficiency, or implementing integrated pest management to reduce pesticide usage.

5. Utilize Cascade Strategy Execution Platform to see faster results from your strategy

The Cascade Strategy Execution Platform is a powerful tool that can help organizations quickly and easily develop and track a crop production strategy plan. The platform provides a comprehensive overview of the key components of a strategy plan, as well as the ability to easily track progress towards the objectives and KPIs. With the Cascade Strategy Execution Platform, organizations can develop and track their strategy plans in a fraction of the time.

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Agri Farming Business Plan – A Beginners Guide

Table of contents, purpose of a agri farming business plan, innovations in agriculture business, crop production of agri farming business plan, agriculture business categories, establish an agriculture business, the step-by-step approach in drafting an agri-business plan, urban agriculture, herb growing, vegetable farming, floriculture, frozen chicken production , botanical pesticide production, fruit growing, organic gardening, field crop farming, fertilizer distribution business , organic farm greenhouse, mushroom farming business, making a business plan for your agriculture business, common mistakes in the drafting of business plans, important facts for running the agriculture business, benefits of having a business plan.

Introduction: Hello friends we are back with information of agri farming business plan. Agricultural business is also known as agribusiness, is the farming, management, production, and marketing of agricultural commodities, such as livestock and crops. The agricultural business field contains resource management, farming, conservation, ranching, and sales. The Agribusiness plan is a road map for a business. It describes the main functions of business operations, finance, management, and marketing. It must support the mission statement, objectives and goals set by the owners.

A step by step guide to Agri farming business plan

A good business plan will help farm or food production businesses succeed. Before you start a business plan, take a look at some sample business plans for farms, food production facilities, and other agriculture-related businesses. Business plans have more direct benefits for the business owner. The business process also helps to define business goals and to assess the impact that uncertainty may have on future business outcomes. Perhaps most importantly, the written plan gives a well-defined direction for the business. So, it can be used to keep all employees moving toward the common goals established within it.

Completing the Agribusiness plan can be a time-consuming activity, but well worth the effort. Agribusinesses operate in an ever-changing environment, the plan must be revisited periodically to be sure that the business is headed in a good direction. Again, the systematic review of the agribusiness plan forces the owner, and potentially others, to look at the business as a whole and make better-informed decisions. In this article we can also cover the below sections;

• Agribusiness plan purposes
• Drafting an agri-business plan
• Different agriculture business plans
• Mistakes in the drafting of business plans
• Common errors while making a business plan
• Steps for running the agriculture business
• Advantages of agribusiness plan

A business plan has mainly two purposes;

• To help the business management team create decisions to meet the specified objectives and goals; and
• To help sell the feasibility of the business to bankers and other potential investors when requesting required capital.

You may like Rabbit Farming Business Plan, Cost, Margin in Rabbit Farming .

The business plan must be tailored to the preferences and concerns of those who will use it (either the management team or lenders). The content of an agribusiness plan depends on factors such as the type of business and the way they plan will be used.

The medicinal plants, such as Aloe Vera and also Neem are targeted by the medical and pharmaceutical industries for mass production

The plants want high inputs at the initial stage but have a promising sustainable revenue generation capability and growth rate.

The important requirement or decision is the place. There are many options obtainable, such as backyard, renting an open space, large balconies or even the terraces.

Once the place and varieties of produce are decided, whether it is the seasonal vegetables or the medicinal plants the next step is to take the help of an expert to make a financial plan for the whole Agri farm business plan .

The production plan conveys the type and quantity of commodities to be formed, projected for 3 years into the future. The production plan must be easy for the reader to follow. Crop production plans must include the estimated acreage for each crop each year (crop rotation) and an estimated yield for each crop.

Estimated production levels can then be combined with estimated prices to generate some of the figures required for the financial component. Livestock operations will contain more variables, such as the size of the herd, cull rates, weaning rates, weaning weights, rates of gain, purchase prices, and sales prices, etc. The production plan must be defined for a minimum of 3 years. Although changes will occur, these projections show where the business plan is going and whether it can reach its goals and objectives.

Agriculture Business can be divided into three categories and they are as follows;

• Productive Resources such as feed, seed, fertilizer, equipment, energy, machinery, etc.
• Agricultural Commodities like raw and processed commodities of food and fiber.
• Facilitative Services such as credit, insurance, marketing, storage, processing, transportation, packing, etc.  

The best way to start a farm business plan or activity is to conduct market research on obtainable resources and technology.

You should not miss the How to Find Soil Health, Soil Health Indicators .

Farming is a technically intense procedure and requires the help of qualified and experienced professionals. The important thing in the business is the quality and trust of the business partners and individual customers. The hybrid seeds obtainable in the market and the knowledge of fertilizers and other inputs are essential. The most important step is to decide what to grow and where to grow along with the amount of the produce. The agriculture farm business plan itself has several divisions and varieties.

Secure the identified land proof of ownership or lease agreement and obtain a farm map of the farm that includes farm boundaries or watering points.

Identify potential markets and the requirements for entrance into the market. Identify resources obtainable for utilization to develop potential commodities.

Take into consideration your ability, knowledge, and access to support before deciding on the commodity to be business plan.

Calculate viability and economic feasibility on potential commodity and probable opportunities for value-adding. Source information on the different forms of agribusinesses.

Decide on what agribusiness form will be the best for the situation. If the agribusiness form needs to be registered to proceed with the process.

Different agricultural business ideas

Urban agriculture refers to agricultural practices in urban areas and their surrounding regions and is a centralized operation involving horticulture, animal husbandry, aquaculture, and other practices for farming food or other agricultural products. You don’t want a huge space to get into the agriculture business. If you have a city or suburban home, you can still plant some crops in small or vertical containers to obtain the most out of your space.

Herbs such as basil, parsley, and mint can make for great agriculture products. So you can grow it at home or farm and sell it.

You can also plant a variety of different vegetable plants and harvest them to sell or make them into different products.

You may be interested in Crops Suitable for Balck Soil .

It wants a retail space and a connection with the flower growers. It is one of the profitable retail agriculture business ideas that can be done online by providing customers with doorstep delivery of flowers.

The demand for this product is growing globally and one can start this business by living in a metro or a suburban city.

It is essential and mandatory for organic farming. As the demand for this product is high, it is considered as one of the profitable agriculture business ideas .

Growing fruit plants is harder than most folks first think. Fruits want continuous care from spring to fall. Or you could grow and harvest different types of fruit to sell or make into other fruit-based products.

You could specialize in organic gardening practices so you can market your products to health and eco-conscious consumers.

Soybeans, cloves and other types of crops want a fair amount of field space to grow. But if you have the land, you can harvest different crops to sell to food producers.

One can start this fertilizer business with moderate capital investment. And it is mostly controlled by the government.

The increased demand for organically grown farm products has led to the growth of this organic agricultural business. As there are many health risks in the foods grown with fertilizers, people are growing organic food.  

If you have space and the ability to care for cows or dairy animals, you could start dairy farms where you produce milk, cheese, and similar products.

Poultry farming is the ‘raising different types of domestic birds commercially for meat, eggs and feather production’. Poultry farming in India is a profitable business.

Fish farming is a growing sector of the agriculture industry. The procedure requires raising fish in large tanks or enclosures. This farming business can be done at any time of the year. It wants modern techniques and moderate capital investment.

By doing this mushroom business you can make good profits in just a few weeks. It wants a low start-up capital investment. Mushroom cultivation can give additional income to farmers who wish to take up this activity especially in their lean season. The greatest benefit of this venture is the fact that mushrooms can convert nutritionally valueless substances like wheat or paddy straw into nutritious delicacies.

The financial plan will contain all the initial and running costs along with the revenue generation calculations.

The correct calculation of the growth curve and breakeven point is necessary for futuristic sustainable growth and positive aggressive expansion. Then, develop a marketing strategy.

There are a lot of options that want to be explored, such as grocery delivery giants, large retail stores and various restaurants around the region.

Nowadays, the trend is also considering hiring a self-business team and trucks for selling the make in urban societies to avail the correct value for the produce.

The owner of the Agri farm business plan can create its startup and sell its products in the open market to create sustainable income and reduce dependability.

Incase if you miss this: Crops Suitable for Drip Irrigation .

Most prospective entrepreneurs focus mostly on the infrastructure that is required and ignore the cash flow which is critical to the daily operations of the business. Cash flow assists in managing financial resources, i.e. debtors and creditors’ control.

A vague business plan

Prospective entrepreneurs or writers of business plans assume that the reader, funding institution, and investor know what the business venture is all about. So, it is important to provide as much detail as possible and elaborate wherever necessary to clarify the needs of the business.

Unrealistic assumptions

Almost all writers of business plans assume that the business will succeed, they make unrealistic assumptions. It is advisable to benchmark against existing or similar agribusinesses in the industry for acceptable standards. The goals of the business should be realistic and achievable. Rather start small and then expand.

Many business plans ignore the risks or do not create provisions for the risks. The business plan must include all risks and provide information on how some of those risks can be mitigated.

• The agriculture farm business plan and implementation mainly involve a huge amount of risks and vulnerabilities, such as failure of crops drop in quality and non-seasonal rains along with the different pests and crop-destroying insects.
• The owner should calculate all the available risks and take all the appropriate and necessary measures to protect the business and crop in all circumstances.
• The rise of IT and digitalization has led to the growth of home delivery start-up enterprises and the e-commerce sector.
• The owner should research upon and consider of investing heavily on technology to ensure sustainable growth by implication of house delivery system, and online selling platform, etc
• The evolution from agriculture to agribusiness has brought with it numerous advantages. These contain reduced drudgery for laborers; the release of workers for nonagricultural endeavors; a better quality of food; a greater variety of products; improved nutrition; and increased mobility of people.
• Helping you to clarify vision and deciding whether or not to forge ahead with the idea.
• Determining if your product and service have a sufficient market to support it and whether or not it will be profitable.
• Providing an estimate of start-up costs and how much you’ll need to invest or finance.
• Convincing investors and lenders to fund business.
• Defining corporate objectives and programs to achieve those types of objectives.

That’s all future farmers about agri farming business plan, ideas. You may be interested in Organic Agriculture Information .

Sir we are having a agricultural land near Pune Maharashtra I have also decided to come back to farming business that to DAIRY FARMING but don’t know how to start some says for dairy farming man power is must agreed but how to get good and skill person to start the dairy business if get a good team ready to start the DAIRY Farm need some guide line

it feels as if i am already in farming industry business. i have always been in construction business forever and the industry is so very much saturated and i cannot breathe anymore. it was then i sat down and wondered in which other business can i indulge in. through my researches and speculations, agriculture (animals) is the one although i have not yet decided which one. i do not know anything about farming but all i know is i must have a business plan. please walk me step-by-step and hand-in-hand

Sir iam also looking to start Agro based Integrated farming. Would you like to join hands.

I want join in your farming technology information and newsletter.

Hi, Subscribe to our free newsletter service.

I am very much interested in farming, animal feed distribution sector.i will appreciate your step by step guide and more relevant advice and support.

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Organic Farming vs. Natural Farming (ZBNF): Key Principles and Differences

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Cassava Farming Business Plan [Sample Template]

By: Author Tony Martins Ajaero

Home » Business Plans » Agriculture Sector

Are you about starting a cassava farm? If YES, here’s a complete sample cassava farming business plan template & feasibility report you can use for FREE.

Okay, so we have considered all the requirements for starting a cassava farming business. We also took it further by analyzing and drafting a sample cassava farm marketing plan template backed up by actionable guerrilla marketing ideas for cassava farms. So let’s proceed to the business planning section.

If you live in the united states, you may not know the value of going into commercial cassava farming. This is so because it is not a popular area of farming in the US. But do you know that cassava is a major raw material cum ingredient in the production of alcoholic beverages ?

It is also a major source of carbohydrates for most Africans. Cassava can be used in the production of biofuel, animal feed, laundry starch and for medicinal use. The good news is that cassava can be cultivated in the United States of America.

Cassava farming is known to be a profitable business and over the years, it has evolved from small scale into a global industry in most countries where it is carried out. If you are considering starting a commercial cassava farming business, the good news is that you can’t get it wrong. This is because cassava is consumed by both human and livestock in different forms.

It is important to state that starting a cassava farming business comes with its own fair share of challenges, but that does not rule out the fact that it is indeed a profitable business venture. An aspiring entrepreneur can either choose to start a cassava farm on a small scale or on a large scale depending on their financial status.

So, if you have decided to go into cassava farming, then you should ensure that you carry out thorough feasibility studies and also market survey. This will enable you properly locate the business in a good location and then hit the ground running.

Business plan is yet another very important business document that you should not take for granted in the bid to launch your own cassava farming business. Below is a sample cassava farming business plan template that can help you to successfully write your own with little or no difficulty.

A Sample Cassava Farming Business Plan Template

1. industry overview.

Businesses in the cassava farming industry primarily grow different species of cassava for different purposes. As a matter of fact, worldwide, 800 million people depend on cassava as their primary food staple especially in Sub – Saharan Africa, South America and some parts of Asia.

Cassava is known to be the third-largest source of food carbohydrates in the tropics, after rice and maize. Cassava is indeed a major staple food in Africa, providing basic food for over five million people. It is one of the most drought-tolerant crops, capable of growing on marginal soils. Nigeria is the world’s largest producer of cassava, while Thailand is the largest exporter of dried cassava.

Cassava is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrates. Although it is often called yucca in Spanish and in the United States, it is important to state that it differs from the yucca, an unrelated fruit-bearing shrub in the Asparagaceae family.

The Cassava Farming Industry is indeed a very large industry and pretty much thriving in countries such as Nigeria , Thailand, Brazil, Indonesia and Republic of the Congo et al. In 2014, global production of cassava root was 268 million tones, with Nigeria as the world’s largest producer of nearly 55 million tones or 21 percent of the world total.

As a matter of fact, with the recent advancement in technology, farmers can now comfortably grow crops such as cassava in a country where such crops can hardly survive.

One thing is certain when it comes to commercial cassava farming, if you are able to conduct your market research and feasibility studies before choosing a location for cultivating your cassava, you are more likely not going to struggle to grow the cassava and also to sell your cassava because there are always food processing companies, laundry starch production companies, biofuel production companies, pharmaceutical companies and consumers out there who are ready to buy from you.

Lastly, with commercial cassava farming in the United States, it will pay you not to only cultivate cassava and sell them to manufacturing companies that depend on cassava as a major raw material. You can as well start a complimentary business like cassava processing plant; producing and packaging laundry starch, animal feed or any other product that can be gotten from cassava.

The bottom line is that if you have enough farmland (space) and you are interested in maximizing commercial cassava farming, you are sure going to make huge profits from the business.

2. Executive Summary

Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc. is a registered commercial farm that will be based in the outskirts of Dallas, Texas – United States. We have done our detailed market research and feasibility studies and we were able to secure a well – situated and suitable farm land to start our commercial cassava farm.

Our commercial cassava farm is going to be a standard farm hence will be involved in both commercial cassava cultivation, laundry starch and animal feed production. We will be involved in both organic commercial cassava farming and non – organic commercial cassava farming.

We have put plans in place that will help us launch a standard and world-class cassava processing plant within the first three years of officially running Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc. We will produce laundry starch and animal feeds and ensure that they flood the market both in the United States and in other countries of the world.

We want to compete with the best in the industry, which is why aside from the fact that we have secured the required farm land and most of the farming equipment and machines, we have also hired some key employees who are currently undergoing training so as to fit into the ideal picture of the 21 st  century commercial cassava farm workforce that we want to build.

We are in the commercial cassava farming business because we want to leverage on the vast opportunities available in the commercial farming industry to contribute our quota in growing the U.S. economy, in national food production, raw materials production for industries, to export agriculture produce from the United States to other countries and over and above to make profit.

Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc. is well positioned to become one of the leading commercial cassava farms in the United States of America, which is why we have been able to source for the best hands and farm machineries to run the farm with.

We have put process and strategies in place that will help us employ best practices when it comes to commercial cassava farming processes and laundry starch and animal feeds production as required by the regulating bodies in the United States of America.

Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc. is a family business that is owned by Mr. Akin Williams and his immediate family members. The farm cum business will be fully and single handedly financed by Akin Williams and his immediate family members.

Before starting Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc., Akin Williams has worked with some of the leading commercial farms and laundry starch production plants in the United States of America; he has a degree (B.Sc.) in Agricultural Science from A & M University Texas.

3. Our Products and Services

Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc. is a world class commercial farm that is committed to cultivating organic and non – organic cassava for both the United States’ and the global market. We are in business to produce both food and raw materials for people and industries in commercial quantities.

We will also ensure that we operate a standard cassava processing and packaging plant (laundry starch and animal feed production) as part of our complimentary business.

We are in this line of business to make profits, and we will ensure that we do all that is allowed by the law of the United States of America to achieve our business goals and objectives. These are the areas we will concentrate on in our commercial cassava farms. If need arises we will definitely cultivate related crops;

• Cultivation of numerous cassava varieties (organic and non – organic)
• Production of laundry starch and animal feeds

4. Our Mission and Vision Statement

• Our Vision is to become one of the leading commercial cassava farms and laundry starch and animal feed production brand not just in the United States of America but also on the global stage.
• Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc. is a world class commercial cassava farm that is in business to cultivate cassava in commercial quantities, and produce laundry starch and animal feed for both the United States and the international market. We want our well – packaged laundry starch and animal feed to flood every nooks and crannies of the United States and other countries of the world.

Our Business Structure

Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc. is a commercial cassava farm that intends starting small in Dallas – Texas, but hopes to grow big in order to compete favorably with leading commercial cassava farms in the commercial farming industry both in the United States and on a global stage.

We are aware of the importance of building a solid business structure that can support the picture of the kind of world class business we want to own. This is why we are committed to only hire the best hands in and around Texas.

At Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc., we will ensure that we hire people that are qualified, hardworking, dedicated, customer centric and are ready to work to help us build a prosperous business that will benefit all the stakeholders (the owners, workforce, and customers).

As a matter of fact, profit-sharing arrangement will be made available to all our senior management staff and it will be based on their performance for a period of five years or more as agreed by the management of the farm. In view of the above, Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc. have decided to hire qualified and competent hands to occupy the following positions;

• Chief Operating Officer

General Farm Manager

Administrator/Accountant

Cassava Cultivation Manager/Supervisor

• Laundry Starch and Animal Feeds Production Plant Manager
• Sales and Marketing Executive
• Field Employees
• Front Desk Officer

5. Job Roles and Responsibilities

Chief Operating Officer:

• Increases management’s effectiveness by recruiting, selecting, orienting, training, coaching, counseling, and disciplining managers; communicating values, strategies, and objectives; assigning accountabilities; planning, monitoring, and appraising job results; developing incentives; developing a climate for offering information and opinions; providing educational opportunities
• Creates, communicates, and implements the organization’s vision, mission, and overall direction – i.e. leading the development and implementation of the overall organization’s strategy
• Responsible for fixing prices and signing business deals
• Responsible for providing direction for the business
• Responsible for signing checks and documents on behalf of the company
• Evaluates the success of the organization
• Responsible for the planning, management and coordinating all farm activities across the various sections on behalf of the organization
• Supervises other section managers (cassava cultivation manager, laundry starch and animal feed production manager)
• Ensures compliance during project executions
• Provides advice on the management of farming activities across all section
• Responsible for carrying out risk assessment
• Uses IT systems and software to keep track of people and progress of the growth of crops (cassava)
• Responsible for overseeing the accounting, costing and sale of farm produce after harvest
• Represents the organization’s interest at various stakeholders’ meetings
• Ensures that farming goals desired result are achieved, the most efficient resources (manpower, equipment, tools and chemicals et al) are utilized and different interests involved are satisfied. Responsible for preparing financial reports, budgets, and financial statements for the organization
• Responsible for overseeing the smooth running of HR and administrative tasks for the organization
• Handles all financial transactions for the company
• Defines job positions for recruitment and managing interviewing process
• Carries out staff induction for new team members
• Responsible for training, evaluation and assessment of employees
• Oversees the smooth running of the daily farming activities across the various farming sections
• Responsible for preparing financial reports, budgets, and financial statements for the organization
• Responsible for financial forecasting and risks analysis
• Responsible for developing and managing financial systems and policies
• Responsible for administering payrolls
• Ensures compliance with taxation legislation
• Handles all financial transactions for the farm
• Serves as internal auditor for the farm
• Responsible for managing the cassava cultivation section of the commercial cassava farm
• Supervises other workers within the department
• Works closely with the General Manager to achieve the organizations’ goals and objectives

Laundry Starch and Animal Feed Production Manager/Supervisor

• Responsible for managing the laundry starch and animal feed production section of the commercial farm

Sales and Marketing Officer

• Identify, prioritize, and reach out to new partners, and business opportunities et al
• Identifies development opportunities; follows up on development leads and contacts; participates in the structuring and financing of projects; assures the completion of relevant projects
• Writes winning proposal documents, negotiate fees and rates in line with company policy
• Responsible for handling business research, makes surveys and feasibility studies for clients
• Responsible for supervising implementation, advocate for the customer’s needs, and communicate with clients
• Develops, executes and evaluates new plans for expanding increase sales
• Documents all customer contact and information
• Represents the company in strategic meetings
• Helps to increase sales and growth for the farm

Field Workers/Contract Staff

• Responsible for preparing farm land for cassava cultivation
• Responsible for watering the crop
• Weeding, fertilizer and pest control application
• Handles farm implements and machines as instructed by the section manager/supervisor
• Assists in handling the harvest of cassava
• Carries out tasks in line with the stated job description
• Assist in transport working tools and equipment from the farm and back to the designated store room
• Handle any other duties as assigned by the line manager

Client Service Executive/Front Desk Officer

• Welcomes guests and clients to the farm by greeting them in person or on the telephone; answering or directing inquiries
• Ensures that all contacts with clients (e-mail, walk-In center, SMS or phone) provides the client with a personalized customer service experience of the highest level
• Through interaction with clients on the phone, uses every opportunity to build client’s interest in the company’s products and services
• Manages administrative duties assigned by the manager in an effective and timely manner
• Consistently stays abreast of any new information on the company’s products, promotional campaigns etc. to ensure accurate and helpful information is supplied to clients
• Receives parcels/documents for Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc.
• Distributes mails in Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc.
• Handles any other duties as assigned by the line manager

6. SWOT Analysis

Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc. do not intend to launch out with trial and error hence the need to conduct a proper SWOT analysis.

We know that if we get it right from the onset, we would have succeeded in creating the foundation that will help us build a standard cassava farm that will favorably compete with leading commercial cassava farms in the United States of America.

We are quite aware that there are several large, medium and small scale cassava farms, laundry starch and animal feeds production companies all over Dallas – Texas and even in the same location where we intend locating ours, which is why we are following the due process of establishing a business.

We know that if a proper SWOT analysis is conducted for our business, we will be able to position our business to maximize our strength, leverage on the opportunities that will be available to us, mitigate our risks and be welled equipped to confront our threats.

Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc. employed the services of an expert HR and Business Analyst with bias in the commercial farming industry to help us conduct a thorough SWOT analysis and to help us create a Business model that will help us achieve our business goals and objectives.

Here is a summary from the result of the SWOT analysis that was conducted on behalf of Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc.;

Our strength as a commercial cassava farm is the fact that we have healthy relationships with loads of major players (agriculture merchants and manufacturing companies who deal in cassava) in the commercial farms industry; both suppliers and buyers within and outside of the United States.

We have some of the latest commercial farming machines, tools and cassava processing equipment that will help us cultivate cassava in commercial quantities with less stress. Aside from our relationship (network) and equipment, we can confidently boast that we have some the most experienced hands in Dallas – Texas in our payroll.

Our weakness could be that we are a new commercial cassava farm in the United States, and perhaps the fact that cassava farming is not a popular venture in the US. We are aware of this and from our projection will overcome this weakness with time and turn it to a major advantage for the business which is why we are into laundry starch and animal feed production.

• Opportunities:

The opportunities that are available to us cannot be quantified; we know that there are loads of individuals who consume organic and non – organic cassava in different forms both in the United States of America and other parts of the world.

We will ensure that we maximize the opportunities available to commercial cassava farmers. We will ensure that we create business structure and frameworks that will enable us go into biofuel production and the production of other alcoholic beverages from our cassava.

Some of the threats and challenges that we are likely going to face when we start our own commercial cassava farm are global economic downturn that can impact negatively on household spending, bad weather cum natural disasters (draughts, epidemics), unfavorable government policies and the arrival of a competitor (a commercial farm that cultivates same crop – cassava) within same location.

There is hardly anything you can do as regards these threats and challenges other than to be optimistic that things will continue to work for your good.

7. MARKET ANALYSIS

• Market Trends

One of the common trends in the commercial cassava farming line of business is that most players in the industry are no longer concentrating only on non – organic cassava farming. They now find it easier to run both organic cassava cultivation and non – organic cassava cultivation. It is a fact that despite that organic food is expensive, the sale is on the increase and it is indeed profitable.

Despite the fact that commercial cassava farming has been in existence since time immemorial, it does not in any way make the industry to be over saturated; commercial cassava farmers are exploring new technology to continue to improve cassava cultivation, preservation and processing processes; mechanized farming has indeed increased the tons of food produced by farmers.

The fact that there is always a ready market for cassava makes the business highly profitable. Lastly, it is a common trend to find standard commercial cassava farmers in the United States run a cassava processing plant business alongside their farm. It is a means of maximizing profit in the business.

8. Our Target Market

It is a known fact that the end consumers of cassava and those who benefit from the business value chain of commercial cassava farming is all encompassing.

Almost every household makes use of products from cassava or consumes cassava in different forms. In essence, a commercial cassava farmer should be able to sell his or her farm produce to as many people as possible including laundries, alcoholic beverage production companies, laundry starch production companies, livestock farmers and other production companies that make use of cassava as raw materials.

We will ensure that we position our business to attract consumers of cassava and production plants that rely on cassava as raw materials not just in the United States of America alone but also other parts of the world which is why we will be exporting some of our farm produce either in raw or processed form to other countries of the world.

Our competitive advantage

The truth is that it is easier to find entrepreneurs flocking towards an industry that is known to generate consistent income which is why there are more commercial farmers in the United States of America and of course in most parts of the world.

Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc. is fully aware that there are competitions when it comes to selling commercial farm produce including cassava all over the globe, which is why we decided to carry out thorough research so as to know how to take advantage of the available market in the United States and in other parts of the world.

We have done our homework and we have been able to highlight some factors that will give us competitive advantage in the marketplace; some of the factors are effective and reliable cassava farming processes that can help us sell our produce at competitive prices, good network and excellent relationship management.

Another competitive advantage that we are bringing to the industry is the fact that we have designed our business in such a way that we will operate an all – round standard commercial cassava farm that will also include cassava processing plant (laundry starch and animal feeds production). With this, we will be able to take advantage of all the available opportunities within the industry.

Lastly, our employees will be well taken care of, and their welfare package will be among the best within our category (start – ups commercial cassava farms) in the industry meaning that they will be more than willing to build the business with us and help deliver our set goals and achieve all our aims and objectives.

9. SALES AND MARKETING STRATEGY

• Sources of Income

Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc. is in the commercial farming business for the purpose of maximizing profit hence we have decided to explore all the available opportunities within the industry to achieve our corporate goals and objectives.

In essence we are not going to rely only on the sale of our farm produce to generate income for the business. Below are the sources we intend exploring to generate income for Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc.;

• Cultivation of various species of cassava (both organic and non – organic)
• Production and sale of laundry starch and animal feeds

10. Sales Forecast

We conducted a thorough market survey and feasibility studies and we were able to discover that the sales generated by a commercial farm depends on the size of the farm and the nature of the commercial farm (whether cattle rearing, poultry farming, fish farming, crop cultivation et al).

We have perfected our sales and marketing strategies and we are quite optimistic that we will meet or even surpass our set sales target of generating enough income/profits from the first year of operation and build the business from survival to sustainability.

We have been able to critically examine the agriculture industry cum commercial cassava farm line business, we have analyzed our chances in the industry and we have been able to come up with the following sales forecast.

• First Fiscal Year-: $200,000
• Second Fiscal Year-: $400,000
• Third Fiscal Year-: $750,000

N.B : This projection was done based on what is obtainable in the industry and with the assumption that there won’t be any major economic meltdown that can impact negatively on household spending, bad weather cum natural disasters (droughts, epidemics), and unfavorable government policies.

• Marketing Strategy and Sales Strategy

We are quite aware that the reason why some commercial cassava farms hardly make good profit is their inability to sell off their cassava as at when due. In view of that, we decided to set up a standard cassava processing plant to help us maximize profits.

Our sales and marketing team will be recruited based on their vast experience in the industry and they will be trained on a regular basis so as to be well equipped to meet their targets and the overall goal of the organization. We want to build a standard and world – class cassava farm that will leverage on word of mouth advertisement from satisfied clients (both individuals and businesses).

Over and above, we have perfected our sale and marketing strategies first by networking with agriculture merchants and companies that rely on cassava as their major raw materials. In summary, Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc. will adopt the following strategies in marketing our cassava;

• Introduce our business by sending introductory letters alongside our brochure to stakeholders in the agriculture industry, livestock farms and production companies that rely on supply of cassava as raw materials and cassava processing plants et al.
• Advertise our business in agriculture and food related magazines and websites
• List our commercial cassava farms on yellow pages ads
• Attend related agriculture and food expos, seminars, and business fairs et al
• Leverage on the internet to promote our business
• Engage in direct marketing
• Encourage the use of Word of mouth marketing (referrals)

11. Publicity and Advertising Strategy

Any business that wants to grow beyond the corner of the street or the city they are operating from must be ready and willing to utilize every available means (both conventional and non – conventional means) to advertise and promote the business.

We intend growing our business which is why we have perfected plans to build our brand via every available means. Below are the platforms we will leverage on to boost our commercial cassava farm brand and to promote and advertise our business;

• Place adverts on both print (newspapers and magazines) and electronic media platforms
• Sponsor relevant community based events/programs
• Leverage on the internet and social media platforms like; Instagram, Facebook, twitter, YouTube, Google + et al to promote our business
• Install our billboards on strategic locations all around Dallas – Texas
• Engage in roadshows from time to time in targeted neighborhoods
• Distribute our fliers and handbills in target areas
• Contact laundries, livestock farms and production companies that rely on supply of cassava as raw materials, agriculture produce merchants and residents in our target areas by calling them up and informing them of Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc. and the farm produce we sell
• List our commercial cassava farms in local directories/yellow pages
• Advertise our commercial cassava farms in our official website and employ strategies that will help us pull traffic to the site
• Ensure that all our staff members wear our branded shirts and all our vehicles and trucks are well branded with our company logo et al.

12. Our Pricing Strategy

If you want to get the right pricing for your farm produce, then you should ensure that you choose a good location for your commercial farm, choose a good breed that will guarantee bountiful harvest, cut the cost of running your farm to the barest minimum.

You must try as much as possible to attract buyers to your farm as against taking your farm produce to the market to source for buyers; with this, you would have successfully eliminated the cost of transporting your harvest to the market and other logistics.

We are quite aware that one of the easiest means of penetrating the market and acquiring loads of customers for our cassava, laundry starch and animal feeds is to sell them at competitive prices hence we will do all we can to ensure that the prices of our cassava are going to be what other commercial cassava farmers would look towards beating.

One thing is certain, the nature of commercial farming makes it possible for farmers to place prices for their farm produce based on their discretion without following the benchmark in the industry. The truth is that it is one of the means of avoiding running into a loss. The easier you sell off your harvested cassava, the better for your business.

• Payment Options

The payment policy adopted by Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc. is all inclusive because we are quite aware that different customers prefer different payment options as it suits them but at the same time, we will ensure that we abide by the financial rules and regulation of the United States of America.

Here are the payment options that Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc. will make available to her clients;

• Payment via bank transfer
• Payment with cash
• Payment via online bank transfer
• Payment via check
• Payment via Point of Sale Machines (POS Machines)
• Payment via mobile money transfer
• Payment via bank draft

In view of the above, we have chosen banking platforms that will enable our client make payment for farm produce purchased without any stress on their part. Our bank account numbers will be made available on our website and promotional materials to clients who may want to deposit cash or make online transfers for our cassava.

13. Startup Expenditure (Budget)

When it comes to calculating the cost of starting a commercial cassava farm with a cassava processing plant, there are some key factors that should serve as a guide. Factor such as the capacity of cassava processing plant you want to own, the product you want to produce and the size of the commercial cassava farm.

Besides, in setting up any business, the amount or cost will depend on the approach and scale you want to undertake. If you intend to start a world – class commercial farm, then you would need a good amount of capital as you would need to ensure that your employees are well taken care of, and that your farm is conducive enough for workers to be creative and productive.

Below are some of the basic areas we will spend our start – up capital in setting up our commercial cassava farm;

• The total fee for incorporating the business in United States of America – $750
• The total cost for payment of insurance policy covers (general liability, workers’ compensation and property casualty) at a total premium – $9,400
• The amount needed to acquire/lease a farm land – $50,000
• The amount required for preparing the farm land – $70,000
• The cost for acquiring the required working tools and equipment/machines/fencing et al – $10,000
• The amount required for purchase of the first set of cassava seedlings et al – $50,000
• The amount required to set up a standard cassava processing plant within the farm facility – $100,000
• Operational cost for the first 3 months (salaries of employees, payments of bills et al) – $40,000
• The cost of launching an official website – $600
• The amount required for payment of workers for a period of 3 months – $100,000
• Additional Expenditure (Business cards, Signage, Adverts and Promotions et al) – $2,000

Going by the report from the detailed research and feasibility studies conducted, we will need an average of $500,000 to start a standard commercial cassava farm with cassava processing plant business in the United States of America. These are some of the equipment that we will need to fully launch our commercial cassava farm,

• Soil cultivator
• Harrow (e.g. Spike harrow, Drag harrow, Disk harrow)
• Stone / Rock / Debris removal implement (e.g. Destoner, Rock windrower / rock rake, Stone picker / picker)
• Broadcast seeder (alternatively: broadcast spreader, fertilizer spreader, or Air seeder)
• Plastic mulch layer
• Transplanter
• Sprinkler system irrigation
• Wheel Barrow

Generating Funds/Startup Capital for Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc.

Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc.  is a family business that will be owned and managed by Akin Williams and his immediate family members.

They are the sole financiers of the business, but may likely welcome other partners later which is why they decided to restrict the sourcing of the start – up capital for the business to just three major sources. These are the areas where we intend sourcing for fund for Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc.;

• Generate part of the start – up capital from personal savings and sale of stocks
• Generate part of the start – up capital from friends and other extended family members
• Generate a larger chunk of the startup capital from the bank (loan facility)

N.B:  We have been able to generate about $100,000 (Personal savings $80,000 and soft loan from family members $20,000) and we are at the final stages of obtaining a loan facility of $400,000 from our bank. All the papers and documents have been duly signed and submitted, the loan has been approved and any moment from now our account will be credited.

14. Sustainability and Expansion Strategy

The future of a business lies in the number of loyal customers that they have, the capacity and competence of their employees, their investment strategy and the business structure. If all of these factors are missing from a business (company), then it won’t be too long before the business closes shop.

One of our major goals of starting Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc. is to build a business that will survive off its own cash flow without injecting finance from external sources once the business is officially running.

We know that one of the ways of gaining approval and winning customers over is to sell our farm produce (organic and non – organic cassava and even processed and packaged laundry starch and animal feeds) a little bit cheaper than what is obtainable in the market and we are well prepared to survive on lower profit margin for a while.

Akin Williams® Cassava Farms, Inc. will make sure that the right foundation, structures and processes are put in place to ensure that our staff welfare are well taken of. Our organization’s corporate culture is designed to drive our business to greater heights and training and retraining of our workforce is at the top burner of our business strategy.

As a matter of fact, profit-sharing arrangement will be made available to all our management staff and it will be based on their performance for a period of five years or more as determined by the management of the organization. We know that if this is put in place, we will be able to successfully hire and retain the best hands we can get in the industry; they will be more committed to help us build the business of our dreams.

Check List/Milestone

• Business Name Availability Check: Completed
• Business Incorporation: Completed
• Opening of Corporate Bank Accounts in various banks in the United States: Completed
• Opening Online Payment Platforms: Completed
• Application and Obtaining Tax Payer’s ID: In Progress
• Application for business license and permit: Completed
• Purchase of All forms of Insurance for the Business: Completed
• Leasing of farm land in Dallas – Texas and preparing the farm land: Completed
• Conducting Feasibility Studies: Completed
• Start – up Capital Generation: Completed
• Writing of Business Plan: Completed
• Drafting of Employee’s Handbook: Completed
• Design of The Company’s Logo: Completed
• Graphic Designs and Printing of Packaging, Marketing/Promotional Materials: Completed
• Recruitment of employees: In Progress
• Purchase of the needed working tools, machines and equipment: Completed
• Creating Official Website for the Company: In Progress
• Creating Awareness for the business (Business PR): In Progress
• Farm land Treatment, Health and Safety Arrangement: In Progress
• Establishing business relationship with vendors and key players in the industry (agriculture farm produce merchants, production companies that rely on supply of cassava as raw materials, fertilizer suppliers and transporter/haulage companies et al): Completed

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• Changemakers
• Farmer’s Inside Track
• Food for Thought

Farmer Mbali Nwoko has great advice for new farmers. Photo:Supplied/Food For Mzansi

A crop production plan is the best way to maximise the use of your land and ensure a reliable supply of produce to your customer s, advises farmer Mbali Nwoko of Green Terrace from her own experience.

An efficient way to start developing a good crop production plan is to map out your available farm space.

The best way to go about this exercise is to subdivide your farm into different blocks, of either half or one hectare each. Within these blocks, you can plan for different seasons and for different times of the month throughout the year. 

Before the new season starts, you need to consider the following in detail: 

1. Crop selection

Have conversations with your agronomist and seed representative about which varieties or cultivars you will be planting for that season, and which crops you are going to rotate with after the season has ended.

Choose seeds that represent your farm’s brand promise to its customers or clients. For example, if your farming philosophy is to use the “organic” approach, then open pollinated and or non-GMO seeds will be on your priority list.

If you are farming for commercial purposes and your objective is to ensure that your plants produce certain characteristics i.e., size, shape, weight and or colour, and your crops are disease resistant, then hybrid seeds will be your best option.

You will need to choose what is best for your farm and the clientele that you will be servicing. 

2. Determine yield

When planning your crop, it’s also important to estimate what yield you are going to expect from your production. For example, if you are planting maize, how many tonnes per hectare are you expecting to harvest? If you are planting tomatoes in a tunnel, how many kilograms can a plant give you per cycle?

This information can be derived from the planning you will have done with your agronomist and seed representative. Yield estimation is important because it gives you an idea of the revenue you project to make in your business and how you will be able to pay for monthly operational expenses.

Farm revenue = Yield x Price 

ALSO READ: New farmers: How to find markets for your produce

3. Plan for losses

A mistake farmers often make is that we often don’t account for losses at the start of the planting season. If your crop production plan requires you to plant 100 000 seeds or seedlings for example, my advice is to procure 110 000 seeds or seedlings.

The reason for this is that not every seed you put in the ground will germinate, not every seedling you plant will develop strong roots and survive its first few weeks of planting. There are several reasons as to why these things happen i.e., weather, date and time of planting, too much or too little irrigation, etc.

Therefore, when purchasing your seeds or seedlings, always buy a little bit more than what you need to protect yourself from such losses. 

4. The market

Experienced farmers will tell you that before you put anything onto the ground, you need to have a market i.e., you need to know where your produce will be sold and for what price. Therefore, always start with the end in mind and work backwards, which will help you plan a lot better and ensure that you are planting enough (yield) for each customer and that the crop selection (including variety) meets the customer’s expectation. 

When speaking to your customers, it’s not enough to simply have an agreement in place confirming that they will procure the produce at a certain price and just leave it there. You need to find out about the quantities that they will procure at different times of the month or days in the week.

This will help you plan your harvesting cycles much better and identify how many employees you will need on your farm on the day of your harvest. This is how you manage and control your expenses to ensure that you don’t find yourself in a situation where your fields or tunnels are ready for harvest, but your clients can only take a small quantity at a time. 

ALSO READ: New farmers: What to do when looking for a farm

5. Keep records

Considering all the above, it’s important to keep detailed records of everything that has to do with your crop production plan and record every single activity that occurs on your farm. That way you can use past experience to determine when particular crops thrive and what kind of yield to expect at different times of the year.

This will guide you when it comes to drawing up future plant and harvest schedules. 

It may sound like a lot of work, but this approach will ensure you have a broader outlook in terms of how you plan to maintain a steady, quality crop supply to your market. By using these strategies, you will not only boost your crop yield, but also be in a better position to project expenses and income and maximise your profits.

This approach also keeps you in firm control when it comes to the scheduling on the farm, which avoids any nasty surprises such as finding yourself in a position where you’re unable to service your customers because you don’t have sufficient produce available. 

ALSO READ: New farmers: Focus on your core offering

Mbali Nwoko

Mbali Nwoko is a multi award winning commercial farmer, entrepreneur, speaker, columnist, blogger and podcaster. She is the founder and CEO of Green Terrace, which is an agribusiness based in Johannesburg farming swiss chard and sweet peppers, and supplies to leading wholesalers, retailers and fresh produce markets across South Africa.

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The importance of a business plan

A business plan is critical if you need investors or financing. in this article, janine ryan looks at the basics of developing a sound and attractive business plan for your farming operation..

A business plan is a comprehensive written document that outlines a business’s goals and the strategy for achieving them.

It serves as a roadmap for the business, providing a detailed overview of various aspects of the business, including its mission, vision, products or services, market analysis, competition, financial projections, and operational plans.

READ What are the objectives of your business plan?

A well-prepared business plan helps guide decision-making, secure financing, and communicates the business’s objectives and strategies to stakeholders.

Elements of a business plan These are the key components of a business plan.

An executive summary. This is a concise summary of the entire business plan, highlighting the most critical points, including the business’s mission, key objectives, and summary financial projections.

A business description. This offers an overview of the business, including its legal structure, location, history, ownership, and a description of its products or services.

A market analysis. This is a detailed analysis of the industry and market in which the business operates. For example, if you are farming sheep for wool production, you need to include a detailed market analysis of the wool market in South Africa and abroad. This section includes information on market size, growth trends, target audience, customer needs, and the competitive landscape.

Competitive analysis. This offers an examination of competitors, their strengths and weaknesses, market share, and strategies. It should outline your business’s unique selling points and competitive advantages.

Value proposition. This explains what makes the business unique and why customers should choose your products or services over alternatives. In other words, what makes your farming business unique?

Business strategy. This is a description of the business’s overall strategy for achieving its goals. This section may include information on marketing, sales, distribution, pricing, and branding strategies.

Products and services. This is a detailed explanation of the products or services offered by the business, including their features, benefits, and any intellectual property considerations.

Operational plan. This includes information about how the business operates day-to-day, including production processes, supply chain management, staffing, and facility requirements.

Management team. In this section, you should profile key team members, their qualifications, roles, and responsibilities within your business.

Financial projections. Here, you need to offer detailed financial forecasts, including income statements, balance sheets, cash flow statements, and break-even analysis. This section often includes assumptions used in the projections.

Funding request. This is particularly relevant when asking for funding. Here, you need to provide the possible lender with information about the amount of financing needed, how it will be used, and the expected return on investment for potential investors or lenders.

Exit strategy. This is applicable if you have investors or stakeholders, and details how they can expect to realise a return on their investment should the business fail, such as through a sale of the business, public offering, or other means.

Appendices. Finally, you need to include supporting documents, such as market research data, résumés of key team members, legal documents, patents, and any additional information that supports the business plan.

Why do you need a business plan? A business plan serves multiple purposes. It provides a framework for setting and achieving business goals, helping the management team stay focused on key objectives.

If you need funding or investors, a business plan is a crucial first step to securing such funding.

A good business plan demonstrates the business’s potential for success and its ability to generate returns, which is critical to entice financial institutions or other investors to put money into your business.

It is important to remember that a business plan is not only useful for applying for finance, but also serves an essential purpose for the management of your business.

A business plan, for example, can be used to track progress and hold the management team accountable for meeting financial and operational targets. Essentially, it serves as a blueprint for the goals of the business, and aids in informed decision-making by providing a comprehensive view of the business’s current status and future prospects.

Why do financial institutions require a business plan? Investors and financial institutions will most likely require a business plan before offering you a finance solution.

A well-prepared business plan provides important information to lenders, investors and other stakeholders, helping them assess the viability and risk associated with your business.

These institutions will use the business plan when conducting a risk assessment of your business. A risk assessment allows lenders to assess the level of risk associated with providing financing to your business.

READ Get credit! Tips on writing a business plan for your farm

As the business plan outlines your business model, market analysis, competitive landscape and financial projections, it allows them to more speedily evaluate the potential risks and rewards. Before offering funding, financial institutions need to determine if your business concept is viable and has a realistic chance of success.

A business plan provides details about your product or service, target market and growth potential, helping lenders gauge the feasibility of your business.

Lenders also need to understand how your business intends to generate revenue and cash flow to repay the loan or meet other financial obligations. Your business plan should include financial projections, including income statements, balance sheets and cash flow statements to demonstrate your ability to service debt.

Lastly, a business plan clarifies the purpose of the loan or financing. Whether you need funds for start-up costs, expansion, working capital or a specific project, the plan outlines how the funds will be used and how they will benefit the business.

Developing a business plan Developing a business plan for consideration by a financial institution, such as a bank or credit union, requires a structured approach.

• Step 1: The executive summary Begin with a concise executive summary that provides an overview of your financial institution. In this section, include the institution’s name, location, mission statement, and a brief summary of the plan’s key highlights.
• Step 2: Business description You now need to offer a detailed description of your farming operation. Explain the type of farming you are embarking on or currently running, and the specific products you intend to produce.
• Step 3: The market and competitor analysis As mentioned above, you need to include a thorough market analysis. For this section, you can include surveys and other data sets that show your understanding of the market, and that there is a gap to be exploited. In this section, you also need to include your competitor analysis. Who are your competitors? What will you be doing differently to attract customers or offtake agreements?
• Step 4: Value proposition Here, clearly articulate what sets your farm apart. Explain your unique selling points, such as sustainable practices, product quality, or niche markets you serve.
• Step 5: Business strategy Describe your overall strategy for running the farm. Discuss your production methods, pricing strategy, distribution channels, and marketing efforts.
• Step 6: Operational plan In this section, provide details about the day-to-day operations of your farm, including land management, crop or livestock care, equipment and machinery use, and labour requirements. Describe your supply chain and any partnerships with suppliers or distributors.
• Step 7: Financial projections Present detailed financial projections, including income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements. Use realistic assumptions, including production yields, pricing and expense estimates. Include a break-even analysis and a capital expenditure plan if applicable.
• Step 8: Resource management In this section, explain how you plan to manage key resources, including land, water, energy and labour. Discuss sustainability practices and conservation efforts. Outline your pest and disease management strategies where applicable.
• Step 9: Marketing and sales strategy Describe your marketing and sales plan. Include details on how you will promote your products, pricing strategies, and sales channels, such as farmers’ markets, local retailers, and online sales. Highlight any branding efforts and customer engagement initiatives.
• Step 10: Risk assessment and mitigation Identify potential risks and challenges that could impact your farming business. Explain how you plan to mitigate these risks. Consider factors such as adverse weather conditions, disease outbreaks, market fluctuations, and regulatory changes.
• Step 11: Legal and regulatory compliance Ensure that your business plan addresses all legal and regulatory requirements specific to farming, including permits, licences and environmental regulations.
• Step 12: Environmental and sustainability practices This may not be applicable for all operations, but considering the push towards a greener future, it may be worth your while to detail your commitment to environmental stewardship and sustainable farming practices. Explain how you plan to minimise environmental impact and promote sustainability.
• Step 13: Management team Introduce key members of your management team, including their roles, qualifications and responsibilities. Include résumés as needed. Also explain how they will drive your business towards reaching its goals.
• Step 14: Appendices Finally, include any supplementary materials, such as market research data, soil test results, crop rotation plans, photographs, or additional financial details, in appendices.

Don’t forget to regularly review and update your business plan to reflect changing conditions, market dynamics, and strategic shifts in your farming business.

If you feel unable to put together a well-developed business plan, you could always rely on the services of external companies.

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Livestock & Crop Production and Commercial Horticulture 2025 Plan of Work

Warren county ces.

Livestock & Crop Production and Commercial Horticulture 2025

Agriculture

Agents Involved:

Joanna Coles and Kristin Hildabrand

MAJOR PROGRAM 1:

Major program 2:, major program 3:.

Integrated Pest Management

MAJOR PROGRAM 4:

Horticulture, Commercial

In 2017, Warren County’s total value of crop sales was $50,458,000 and total value of livestock sales was $60,438,000.  With this large emphasis and economic impact, livestock and crop programming is important to Warren County farmers.  The number of farms and acres for commercial horticulture also continues to grow. According to the 2017 USDA Ag Census, Warren County ranks #1 in fruit, nut and berry production and #31 in vegetable production. It also includes 1,715 acres of nursery, greenhouse, floriculture and sod.

Long-Term Outcomes:

Livestock operations and commercial horticulture growers will report increased profitability and sustainability Crop producers will improve profitability through better production and marketing management Commercial horticulture producers will expand and maintain access to local food.   Individuals will improve environmental quality through reducing, reusing and recycling and best management conservation practices

Intermediate Outcomes:

Farmers and commercial horticulture producers will adopt Extension recommendations, utilize best management practices and marketing strategies Farmers and commercial horticulture producers will create and apply new technologies Farmers and commercial horticulture producers will establish new markets.  Commercial horticulture producers will establish new markets for their business.  Farmers will recycle pesticide containers and dispose of pesticides in the proper manner Consumers will conserve water and follow best management practices to improve water quality Consumers will reduce nonpoint source pollution

Initial Outcomes:

Farmers will increase husbandry knowledge, learn recommended production practices and aspire to implement them in their farming operation to improve profitability Farmers will gain knowledge in recommended production and marketing practices for grain, forage and woodland crops Individuals will learn benefits  of recycling, responsible use of pesticides, conservation practices, nonpoint source pollution and energy & natural resource conservation Commercial horticulture growers will increase their knowledge on specific growing practices and methods to help them extend their growing season. They will also learn about integrated pest management strategies (IPM) as well as utilizing different testing and diagnostic services in order to improve management and production.  Farmers and commercial horticulture growers will learn how to use technology as a marketing tool by exploring possible additions through website creation, newsletters, blogs, Facebook and other social media platforms.    Commercial horticulture growers will grow their knowledge in other areas of farm business such as integrated pest management practices (IPM), record keeping and financial management, and marketing.    Horticulture producers will begin to explore different markets and also consider other crop diversification options for their farm.  

Evaluation:

Initial Outcome: Gained knowledge in the areas of animal husbandry and production practices. Producers will learn about best management & production practices Indicator:  Individuals state they gained knowledge and aspire to implement practices on their farm Method:  Post educational activity evaluation Timeline:  Throughout the year Initial Outcome: Increase knowledge on specific growing practices and methods to help them extend the growing season. Commercial horticulture producers will learn about integrated pest management strategies (IPM) and utilize different testing and diagnostic services. Indicator: Producers note that they gained the knowledge of different growing practices and season extension techniques. There will be an increase in commercial samples for diagnostic and testing services through the county CES office. Method: surveys, phone calls, emails, and testimonies  Timeline: Throughout the year  Intermediate Outcomes:  Individuals implement production practices learned during educational activities to increase profitability Indicator:  Number of practices adopted and implemented  Method:  Post evaluations and follow up surveys Timeline: 6-8 weeks after educational activity  Long-term Outcomes: Farmers will be more profitable by applying learned marketing strategies and production practices  Indicator:  Number of participants who adopt recommended practices and impact increased profitability  Method:  Evaluations, follow up surveys and testimony Timeline:  On going

Learning Opportunities:

Audience: Beef Producers Project or Activity: Beef Quality & Care Assurance Content or Curriculum: Best Management Practices and Consumer Confidence Inputs: BQA manual, facilities Date: Spring 2025 Audience: Beef Producers, Industry Representatives Project or Activity: Beef Field Day Content or Curriculum: Backgrounding, health facilities  Inputs: Farm operator, facilities, sponsors, tables, av equipment  Date:  September 2024 Audience: Beef Producers Project or Activity: Educational Beef Meetings Content or Curriculum: Nutrition, health, marketing, policies Inputs: Agents time, facilities, sponsors, industry reps, volunteers Date: 3 rd Thursday of each month September thru April Audience: Crop & Livestock Producers Project or Activity: Rinse & Return Content or Curriculum: Proper disposal of pesticide containers Inputs: KDA staff, facilities, advertisements, volunteers Date: September 2024 & June 2025 Audience: Homeowners, Crop & Livestock Producers Project or Activity: Private Pesticide Applicators Training Content or Curriculum: Pesticide Safety, Worker Protection Standards, recordkeeping, Understanding Pesticide Labels, crop related pests, restricted use pesticides Inputs: Facilities, videos, publications Date: January – February 2025 Audience: Industry Representatives, Commercial Applicators  Project or Activity: SoKY Commercial Pesticide Training Content or Curriculum: General Pesticide Use Inputs: Agents time, specialist, facilities Date: November 2024 Audience: Commercial Beekeepers Project or Activity: Warren Co. Beekeepers Association monthly meetings Content or Curriculum: Local beekeepers, Extension specialists and agents  Inputs: Meeting space, time and mail outs  Date: July 2024 – June 2025 Audience: Commercial & Sustainable Horticulture Producers Project or Activity: Warren County Beekeepers Association  Content or Curriculum: Hive health & management, honey products & marketing Inputs: Meeting space, time, mail outs Date: 4th Tuesday of each month  Audience: Commercial Horticulture Producers & Farmers Market Vendors Project or Activity: Produce Best Practices Training (PBPT) and Sampling   Content or Curriculum: Produce Best Practices PowerPoint presentation material, KY Department of Agriculture Sampling information   Inputs: Extension Specialists, visual aids  Date: Winter, Spring, and Summer  Audience: Commercial Producers and Horticulture Enthusiasts  Project or Activity: Media Appearances via Radio and Television Content or Curriculum: Up-to-date and seasonal information for producers Inputs: Promotional materials, visual aids Date: Spring, Summer, Fall and Winter Audience: Home and Commercial Gardeners Project or Activity: Horticulture Newsletter Content or Curriculum: Commercial and consumer gardening techniques Inputs: Extension specialists, Kentucky Pest News, Crop Diversification, etc.   Date: Spring, Summer, Fall and Winter Audience: Commercial Cut Flower Producers   Project or Activity: Commercial Cut Flower Production Content or Curriculum: Field Days & Workshops, CES curriculum, Commercial Horticulture, Crop Diversification, Season Extension Techniques, etc.   Inputs: Extension agents & specialists, KY Horticulture Council, cut flower growers, etc. Date: Seasonally

How to Write a Business Plan Outline in 9 Steps (Example Included!)

Starting a business often begins with writing a business plan , especially if you need funding . It acts as a roadmap, guiding you through each stage of launching and managing your company, and it presents a clear, compelling case to potential investors and partners. But here's the thing: not everyone finds this step intuitive. That's where a business plan outline can be incredibly helpful.

Creating a detailed business plan outline helps you organize your thoughts and ensure you cover all the key aspects of your business strategy. Plus, it might be just what you need to overcome that blank page and start typing.

Below, you'll find an easy-to-follow guide on how to craft your business plan outline, and an example to show you what it should look like.

​​ Build your dream business with the help of a high-paying job—browse open jobs on The Muse »

What is an outline of a business plan?

Think of a business plan outline as the skeleton of your entire business plan. It gives a high-level overview of the main sections you'll need to flesh out later. It's not the final document but a crucial step in getting you there.

Simply put, it's like creating a detailed table of contents for your business plan, showing you exactly what information to include and how everything fits together. A well-structured business plan outline also helps you plan things ahead, saving time and effort.

Writing a business plan outline in 9 steps

Follow these steps to build your business plan outline and learn exactly what each section should include.

(Bear in mind that every business plan is unique, tailored to the specific needs and goals of the business. While the structure below is common, the order of sections may vary—only the executive summary will always come first.)

1. Executive summary

Imagine you have just 60 seconds to convince someone to invest in your business. That's the essence of a strong executive summary. Although it appears first on your business plan, this section is often written last because it sums up the entire plan. Think of it as your elevator pitch . This section gives a quick overview of your entire business plan, highlighting key points that grab the reader's attention.

Keep it clear and concise. Start with a brief overview of your business, including its name and what it offers. Summarize your mission statement and objectives, and don’t forget to mention crucial aspects like financial projections and competitive advantages.

2. Company description

Here's where you provide detailed information about your company. Begin with the business name and location. Describe the legal structure (e.g., sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation) and ownership. If your business already exists, share a brief history.

For new ventures, explain the business's nature and the problems you aim to solve. Go into more detail about your vision and mission statements, outlining your goals and the principles guiding your business. This section helps potential investors and stakeholders grasp your company’s identity and purpose.

3. Market research and analysis

This section shares insights into your company’s industry. Start with a landscape analysis to give an overview of the market, including its size, growth rate, and key players.

Next, define your target market and customer demographics—age, location, income, and interests—detailing who your ideal customers are. Identify market needs and trends your business will address, and highlight customer pain points your product or service aims to solve.

Consider conducting a SWOT analysis to evaluate your business's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, and gain a strategic view of where your business stands in the competitive landscape.

4. Organization and management

Describe how your business is structured and who runs it. Outline the organizational structure, and if helps, include a chart. Introduce the leadership team and key personnel, highlighting their qualifications and roles. If you have a board of directors, mention them and briefly explain their involvement.

Then, outline your production processes, detailing how your product or service is (or will be) created—from sourcing materials to delivery—to give a comprehensive view of your operational capabilities.

5. Products and services

This section of your business plan outline is crucial for showing potential investors what makes your products and services unique and valuable.

Clearly describe what your business offers, emphasizing your unique selling propositions (USPs) and the benefits and features that set you apart from the competition. Talk about the product life cycle, including any plans for future updates.

If your business holds any intellectual property or proprietary technologies, detail them here to underscore your competitive advantages.

6. Marketing strategy

Having a fantastic product or service is just half the battle. The marketing plan section should outline how you'll reach your target market and convert them into customers.

Begin with market positioning and branding, explaining how you want your brand perceived. Detail your marketing and promotional strategies, including specific tactics to reach your target audience.

Discuss your sales strategy, focusing on how you'll convert leads into customers. Lastly, include your pricing strategy and provide a sales forecast, projecting your expected revenue over a certain period.

7. Operations plan

Here, the goal is to give a detailed overview of the physical and logistical aspects of your company. Start with the business location and facilities, describing where it operates and any significant physical assets. Detail the technology and equipment needed for daily operations.

Briefly describe your supply chain and logistics processes to illustrate how you manage inventory, procurement, and distribution. Finish it by outlining your production process and quality control measures to ensure your products or services consistently meet high standards.

8. Financial plan

Use this section of the business plan to show how your company will succeed financially. Include financial projections like income statements and cash flow statements. Specify how much capital you need and how you plan to use it, discussing funding sources.

Conduct a break-even analysis to estimate when your business will become profitable. Be transparent and address any financial risks and assumptions, outlining how you plan to mitigate them.

9. Appendices and exhibits

In this section, include any additional information that supports your business plan. This might be resumes of key personnel to highlight your team's expertise and experience, or even legal documents and agreements.

Include market research data and surveys to back up your market analysis. Add financial statements for a detailed look at your financial plan. Also, provide detailed product specifications to give a clear understanding of your products and services.

Here's a business plan outline example

Not quite there yet? Take a look at this business plan outline example—it will make everything clear for you.

3.1 Executive Summary

• Overview of the business
• Key points of the business plan

3.2 Company Description

• Business name and location
• History and nature of the business
• Legal structure and ownership
• Vision and mission statement

3.3 Market Research and Analysis

• Industry analysis
• Target market and customer demographics
• Market needs, trends
• Customer pain points
• SWOT analysis

3.4 Organization and Management

• Organizational structure
• Leadership team and key personnel
• Roles and responsibilities
• Board of directors (if applicable)
• Production processes

3.5 Products and Services

• Description of products or services offered
• Unique selling propositions, benefits, features
• Product lifecycle and development plans
• Intellectual property and proprietary technologies

3.6 Marketing Strategy

• Market positioning and branding
• Marketing and promotional strategies
• Sales strategy and tactics
• Pricing strategy and sales forecast

3.7 Operations Plan

• Business location and facilities
• Technology and equipment
• Supply chain and logistics
• Production process and quality control

3.8 Financial Plan

• Financial projections (income statements, balance sheets, cash flow statements)
• Funding requirements and sources
• Break-even analysis
• Financial risks and assumptions

3.9 Appendices and Exhibits (if applicable)

• Supporting documents and additional information
• Resumes of key personnel
• Legal documents and agreements
• Market research data and surveys
• Financial Statements
• Detailed Product Specifications

Bonus tips on how to write a winning business plan

Once you've done your business plan outline, it's time to fill in the gaps and craft a winning business plan. Here are some bonus tips to keep in mind:

• Tailor it to fit your business : Customize sections to meet industry-specific needs and highlight what makes your business unique.
• Keep it clear and concise : Use straightforward language and support your points with data to ensure easy understanding and avoid any confusion.
• Set actionable and realistic goals : Define measurable objectives with clear timelines and milestones to track your progress.
• Update regularly : Keep your plan dynamic by making regular updates to reflect changes in goals, market conditions, and strategies.
• Seek feedback : Gain insights from mentors and advisors to refine your plan.

Read this next: How to Start a Business in 8 Steps: A Comprehensive Guide from Concept to Launch

• 1-Atoms/icons/search@3x
• July 16, 2024
• PressRelease
• Sustainability

PepsiCo Europe and Yara partner to decarbonize crop production

New partnership will help farmers across Europe adopt low-carbon agricultural practices, covering around 1,000 farms and 128,000 hectares across the EU and the UK. 

Fertilizer use currently makes up most of PepsiCo’s potato carbon footprint in Europe, as PepsiCo targets a 40% reduction in emissions by 2030. 

As part of the deal, Yara and PepsiCo will provide farmers with lower carbon footprint fertilizers, precision farming digital tools, and best-practice agronomic advice. 

16 July 2024, Brussels - Oslo: PepsiCo Europe and Yara announced today a long-term partnership in Europe aimed at providing farmers with crop nutrition programs to help decarbonize the food value chain.  

As part of the partnership, which spans multiple countries, participating PepsiCo Europe farmers will be equipped with best-in-class crop nutrition products and advice as well as precision farming digital tools. This will allow them to increase nutrient use efficiency (NUE), boost yields and reduce the carbon footprint of their crops. Yara, the leading crop nutrition company in Europe, will supply PepsiCo with the products and services. 

Yara will deliver up to 165,000 tons of fertilizer per year to PepsiCo, covering around 25% of their crop fertilizer needs in Europe by 2030. These fertilizers will be mostly Yara Climate Choice fertilizers, which include low-carbon footprint fertilizers produced from either renewable ammonia ( Herøya, Norway ) or low-carbon ammonia via carbon capture and storage (CCS), currently under construction in Yara Sluiskil . The mix will also include Yara’s standard premium nitrate-based mineral fertilizers produced using natural gas, which have a carbon footprint that is around 50% lower than most non-EU fertilizers thanks to the use of catalyst technology. The aim of the partnership is to upgrade to Yara Climate Choice fertilizers over time as production scales up and technologies mature so that all of the 165,000 p.a. tons are Yara Climate Choice fertilizers by 2030.  

The collaboration underlines the companies’ shared commitment to building a more sustainable food system in line with the European Union’s climate targets. At the same time, it will support farmers through transition costs to ensure their livelihoods are not adversely impacted.  

“This partnership with Yara aligns with our end-to-end transformation known as PepsiCo Positive (pep+) and will be critical as we transition towards the net-zero food system of the future. Targeting Scope 3 emissions is central to our pep+ agenda, but it can be one of the most challenging areas to directly influence. Providing our farmers with fertilizers that have a lower carbon footprint and supporting them to improve crop nutrition end-to-end will allow us to make a significant step towards our target of achieving net zero by 2040,” said Archana Jagannathan, Chief Sustainability Officer at PepsiCo Europe.  

The collaboration is also in line with Yara’s mission to responsibly feed the world and protect the planet.  

“To grow a nature-positive food future and transform our food system, we need to collaborate across the food value chain. We’re excited to work with first movers like PepsiCo to help make this a reality. Decarbonizing food production will be critical to delivering on the Paris Agreement – and farmers will play a key role in helping us get there,” said Mónica Andrés Enríquez, Executive Vice President for Europe at Yara.  

The partnership, which will help drive the adoption of regenerative agricultural practices, will include approximately 1,000 farms, covering a total of around 128,000 hectares across the European Union and the UK. Efforts will initially focus on potatoes, a key crop for PepsiCo, and then expand to other crops such as oats and corn.   

Fertilizers are the biggest opportunity to reduce emissions as fertilizer production and in-field emissions account for half of PepsiCo’s average potato carbon footprint in Europe.* 

This partnership will also further scale up sustainable nutrient management practices across the PepsiCo farmer groups. This will include full season crop and soil data capture and monitoring using PepsiCo’s CropTrak and ML Analytics tool, and will be complemented by Yara's digital solutions offering, for example digital satellite imagery via the AtFarm platform and the MegaLab soil analysis.   

ENDS  

*29 percent is related to fertilizer production emissions and 25 percent to fertilizer in-field emissions. The partnership will support the 24 percentage point reduction target in production emissions and the 5 percentage point reduction target for in-field emission while maintaining crop quality and yields. 

+32 477653309  

About PepsiCo  

PepsiCo products are enjoyed by consumers more than one billion times a day in more than 200 countries and territories around the world. PepsiCo generated more than $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, driven by a complimentary beverage and convenient foods portfolio that includes Lay’s, Doritos, Cheetos, Gatorade, Pepsi-Cola, Mountain Dew, Quaker, and SodaStream. PepsiCo’s product portfolio includes a wide range of enjoyable foods and beverages, including many iconic brands that generate more than $1 billion each in estimated annual retail sales.   

Guiding PepsiCo is our vision to Be the Global Leader in Beverages and Convenient Foods by Winning with pep+ (PepsiCo Positive). pep+ is our strategic end-to-end transformation that puts sustainability and human capital at the centre of how we will create value and growth by operating within planetary boundaries and inspiring positive change for the planet and people. For more information, visit www.pepsico.com , and follow on X (Twitter) , Instagram , Facebook , and LinkedIn @PepsiCo.   

About Yara  

Yara's mission is to responsibly feed the world and protect the planet. We pursue a strategy of sustainable value growth through reducing emissions from crop nutrition production and developing low-emission energy solutions. Yara’s ambition is focused on growing a nature-positive food future that creates value for our customers, shareholders and society at large and delivers a more sustainable food value chain.  

To drive the green shift in fertilizer production, shipping, and other energy intensive industries, Yara will produce ammonia with significantly lower emissions. We provide digital tools for precision farming and work closely with partners at all levels of the food value chain to share knowledge and promote more efficient and sustainable solutions.  

Founded in 1905 to solve the emerging famine in Europe, Yara has established a unique position as the industry’s only global crop nutrition company. With 18,000 employees and operations in more than 60 countries, sustainability is an integral part of our business model. In 2023, Yara reported revenues of USD 15.5 billion. For more information, visit www.yara.com .  

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• Published: 18 July 2024

Regional irrigation expansion can support climate-resilient crop production in post-invasion Ukraine

• Lorenzo Rosa   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-9945 1 ,
• Silvan Ragettli   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-9817-8541 2 ,
• Ranu Sinha 3 ,
• Olga Zhovtonog 4 ,
• Winston Yu 3 &
• Poolad Karimi 3 , 5  

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Ukraine supplies a large proportion of grain and oilseeds to the world market and faces disruptions from the Russian invasion in 2022. Here we explore the combined effects of the invasion and climate change on Ukraine’s irrigation. In 2021, only 1.6% of Ukraine’s cropland was irrigated. Of this portion, 73% experienced substantial declines in irrigated crop production following the invasion. We estimate that by the mid-twenty-first century, three-quarters of croplands will experience water shortages, making business-as-usual rain-fed agricultural practices inadequate in addressing the challenges posed by climate change. We explore how leveraging local surface and groundwater resources could enable sustainable irrigation expansion over 18 million hectares of croplands and form a viable climate adaptation strategy. Finally, we identify regions for implementing enhancements or expansions of irrigation systems that can foster a more resilient agricultural sector—underscoring the growing importance of irrigation in sustaining crop production in Ukraine.

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Acknowledgements

L.R. was funded by Carnegie Institution for Science. This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions or discrepancies in the information or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colours, denominations and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. We extend our gratitude to the Ukraine Institute of Water Problems and Land Reclamation (IWPLR) of the National Academy of Agrarian Science of Ukraine for their professional discussions, provision of research and statistical data and digitalization of irrigation service areas for validating remote sensing modelling.

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Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA

Lorenzo Rosa

hydrosolutions GmbH, Zurich, Switzerland

Silvan Ragettli

Water Global Practice, World Bank, Washington, DC, USA

Ranu Sinha, Winston Yu & Poolad Karimi

National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine

Olga Zhovtonog

Department of Land and Water Management, IHE Delft Institute of Water Education, Delft, the Netherlands

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L.R., R.S., P.K. and W.Y. conceived the study; L.R., S.R., R.S. and P.K. designed the study; L.R. wrote the study with inputs from all authors; L.R. and S.R. performed analysis; L.R., S.R. and O.Z. collected data.

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Correspondence to Lorenzo Rosa .

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Rosa, L., Ragettli, S., Sinha, R. et al. Regional irrigation expansion can support climate-resilient crop production in post-invasion Ukraine. Nat Food (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-024-01017-7

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Received : 10 January 2024

Accepted : 26 June 2024

Published : 18 July 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-024-01017-7

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PepsiCo Europe and Yara to decarbonize crop production in their new partnership

PepsiCo Europe and Yara have announced a long-term partnership in Europe aimed at providing farmers with crop nutrition programs to help decarbonize the food value chain.

• 18 July 2024
• Press Release

PepsiCo Europe and Yara announced this week a long-term partnership in Europe aimed at providing farmers with crop nutrition programs to help decarbonize the food value chain.

As part of the partnership, which spans multiple countries, participating PepsiCo Europe farmers will be equipped with best-in-class crop nutrition products and advice as well as precision farming digital tools. This will allow them to increase nutrient use efficiency (NUE), boost yields and reduce the carbon footprint of their crops. Yara, the leading crop nutrition company in Europe, will supply PepsiCo with the products and services.

Yara will deliver up to 165,000 tons of fertilizer per year to PepsiCo, covering around 25% of their crop fertilizer needs in Europe by 2030. These fertilizers will be mostly Yara Climate Choice fertilizers, which include low-carbon footprint fertilizer. The aim of the partnership is to upgrade to Yara Climate Choice fertilizers over time as production scales up and technologies mature so that all of the 165,000 p.a. tons are Yara Climate Choice fertilizers by 2030.

“This partnership with Yara aligns with our end-to-end transformation known as PepsiCo Positive (pep+) and will be critical as we transition towards the net-zero food system of the future. Providing our farmers with fertilizers that have a lower carbon footprint and supporting them to improve crop nutrition end-to-end will allow us to make a significant step towards our target of achieving net zero by 2040,” said Archana Jagannathan, Chief Sustainability Officer at PepsiCo Europe.

“To grow a nature-positive food future and transform our food system, we need to collaborate across the food value chain. Decarbonizing food production will be critical to delivering on the Paris Agreement – and farmers will play a key role in helping us get there,” said Mónica Andrés Enríquez, Executive Vice President for Europe at Yara.

The partnership will include approximately 1,000 farms, covering a total of around 128,000 hectares across the European Union and the UK. Efforts will initially focus on potatoes, a key crop for PepsiCo, and then expand to other crops such as oats and corn.

This partnership will also further scale up sustainable nutrient management practices across the PepsiCo farmer groups. This will include full season crop and soil data capture and monitoring using PepsiCo’s CropTrak and ML Analytics tool, and will be complemented by Yara's digital solutions offering, for example digital satellite imagery via the AtFarm platform and the MegaLab soil analysis.

Find out more here.

• Posted In: Europe , Agriculture , Technology

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