in closing speech synonym

15 Other Ways to Say “In Conclusion”

Think of all the times you’ve had to wrap up a speech, presentation, or written work. You’ve probably found yourself repeatedly using the phrase “in conclusion.”

While it’s a perfectly acceptable way to signal the end of your message, there are plenty of other expressions that can add a touch of creativity and freshness to your closing remarks.

Whether you’re bidding farewell to your audience, wrapping up an essay, or concluding a public speaking engagement, let’s explore some imaginative alternatives to “in conclusion.”

Table of Contents

Other Ways to Say “In Conclusion”

Closing remarks.

When you’re rounding off a presentation or speech, consider using these phrases:

1. Final Thoughts

Example: “Before we conclude today’s meeting, I’d like to share my final thoughts on the matter.”

Meaning: Last insights or opinions shared at the end of a discussion or presentation, often to summarize key points.

Usage: Effective in encouraging the audience to reflect on the main ideas presented and leaving them with something to ponder.

2. To Sum It Up

Example: “ To sum it up , our project’s success relies on effective communication, collaboration, and dedication.”

Meaning: A concise way to provide a summary of the main points or key takeaways.

Usage: Clear and straightforward, suitable for various contexts to reiterate the message succinctly.

Wrapping It Up

If you’re concluding a written work, you might opt for these alternatives:

3. In Summary

Example: “ In summary , the research findings suggest a strong correlation between exercise and mental well-being.”

Meaning: To provide a brief overview or recap of the primary content or findings.

Usage: Neatly summarizes the main ideas, often used in academic or professional writing.

4. To Conclude

Example: “ To conclude this essay, it’s evident that technology has revolutionized various aspects of our lives.”

Meaning: To signal the end of an argument, discussion, or written work with a slightly formal tone.

Usage: Commonly used in academic papers and formal essays to wrap up the content.

5. Bringing It All Together

Example: “ Bringing it all together , our marketing strategy integrates social media, content marketing, and influencer partnerships.”

Meaning: Emphasizing the synthesis and interconnectedness of ideas or components.

Usage: Indicates that the various elements discussed are unified and complement each other.

Parting Words

When you’re bidding farewell to your audience, these phrases can add a touch of elegance:

6. In Farewell

Example: “ In farewell , I wish you all continued success in your endeavors.”

Meaning: A formal and courteous way to bid farewell or say goodbye.

Usage: Suitable for speeches and formal occasions, conveying good wishes as you part ways.

7. In Closing

Example: “ In closing , let’s remember the importance of environmental conservation in preserving our planet for future generations.”

Meaning: Similar to “in conclusion,” but with a polished and sophisticated tone, used to summarize key points.

Usage: Suitable for formal speeches and presentations, providing a polished closure.

8. To Wrap It Up

Example: “ To wrap it up , our fundraising campaign has exceeded our expectations, thanks to your generous contributions.”

Meaning: A casual yet effective way to indicate that you’re bringing a discussion or presentation to a close.

Usage: Conveys a sense of informality while summarizing the main points.

9. To Close Out

Example: “ To close out this chapter of our journey, I want to express my gratitude to our loyal customers.”

Meaning: Suggests that you’re concluding your remarks or a particular phase.

Usage: Effective in both formal and informal settings to signal the end of a discussion or period.

10. Last but Not Least

Example: “And finally, last but not least , I’d like to acknowledge the dedication of our hardworking team.”

Meaning: Emphasizes the importance or significance of the final point or idea being presented.

Usage: Adds a touch of significance to the concluding statement, often used in speeches or presentations.

11. In the Final Analysis

Example: “ In the final analysis , the success of our business venture hinges on effective market research and adaptability.”

Meaning: Adds a formal touch and suggests a comprehensive examination of the topic.

Usage: Suitable for formal reports, presentations, or discussions to convey a thorough examination of the subject matter.

Broad Perspective

12. in the grand scheme of things.

Example: “ In the grand scheme of things , individual setbacks are minor compared to the collective progress we’ve achieved.”

Meaning: Places ideas or events in a broader context, highlighting their relative significance.

Usage: Effective when discussing larger, long-term implications or perspectives.

13. To Bring the Curtain Down

Example: “And with that final revelation, we bring the curtain down on this captivating story.”

Meaning: Adds drama and flair to the conclusion, often used in creative or storytelling contexts.

Usage: Creates a sense of closure in a dramatic or narrative manner.

Gentle Closure

14. to draw to a close.

Example: “As the sun sets on this memorable day, let us draw this celebration to a close. ”

Meaning: A gentle and elegant way to signal the end of an event, discussion, or written work.

Usage: Provides a graceful conclusion, particularly in formal or celebratory contexts.

Direct Conclusion

15. in the end.

Example: “ In the end , our shared values and commitment will lead us to success.”

Meaning: A straightforward way to indicate the final remarks, summary, or conclusion.

Usage: Commonly used in both formal and informal settings to wrap up discussions or presentations.

15 Other Ways to Say In Conclusion Infographic

Choosing the Right Expression

The choice of which alternative to use depends on the context and your relationship with your audience. Here’s a breakdown of when to use different closing expressions:

Formal Presentations and Academic Settings

In formal presentations, lectures, or academic papers, it’s essential to maintain a professional tone. Opt for expressions like “to conclude” or “in summary” to wrap up your ideas succinctly. These phrases are clear and indicate that you’re bringing your discourse to an orderly close.

Casual Conversations and Informal Settings

In more relaxed settings, such as conversations with friends, family, or casual gatherings, you have more freedom to use informal and friendly expressions. Phrases like “closing remarks” or “final thoughts” work well in these situations, as they maintain a friendly tone while signifying the end of your discussion.

Speeches and Public Speaking

When delivering speeches or public addresses, you may want to choose expressions like “in farewell” or “in closing” to add a touch of formality and elegance to your conclusion. These phrases can leave a strong impression on your audience, especially in more ceremonial or celebratory contexts.

Written Works and Essays

For written pieces like essays, articles, or reports, it’s essential to select closing expressions that align with the overall tone and purpose of your work. “In summary” or “to sum it up” work well for academic and informative pieces, while “bringing it all together” can be suitable for more creative or reflective writing.

In conclusion, the choice of words in the concluding part of an invitation is crucial in leaving a lasting impression on the recipients. By selecting the right phrase, you can effectively summarize your message and create excitement for your event.

For more detailed examples and a comprehensive list of synonyms for “in conclusion,” you can explore the article 50+ Synonyms for ‘In Conclusion’ with Examples on 7ESL.

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Synonyms and antonyms of concluding speech in English

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concluding speech

noun as in epilogue

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Example Sentences

Davies gives Jill a concluding speech to Ritchie’s mother that assigns blame for his crimes — “he killed people!” — not to his own agency but to the family that never taught him to properly love: “He was ashamed, he kept on being ashamed, he kept shame going by having sex with men, infecting them and then running away.”

In his concluding speech, Velásquez said the commission’s work allowed people to see “the links between politics and corruption and between money laundering and politics; the relationships between judges and lawyers in practices of impunity; networks of drug trafficking and local government; businesspeople illicitly financing political campaigns and receiving the benefits of state contracts; and, in every case, distorting democracy.”

He reminded the bishops in his concluding speech that the synod was “a journey,” full of “running fast,” “fatigue,” “enthusiasm and ardor,” and also acknowledged it was “a journey of human beings, with the consolations there were also moments of desolation, of tensions and temptations.”

Third, he showed that amidst it all he maintains a sense of humor—he wryly joked about the “welcoming” gays controversy in the same concluding speech, misusing the word “welcome” and then correcting himself.

He is wearing his blue jacket today, having just delivered the concluding speech at the 2011 Baldrige Regional Conference, an educational event for organizations contemplating or embarked on what acolytes refer to as "the journey."

Related Words

Words related to concluding speech are not direct synonyms, but are associated with the word concluding speech . Browse related words to learn more about word associations.

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39 Different Ways to Say ‘In Conclusion’ in an Essay (Rated)

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

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essay conclusion examples and definition, explained below

The phrase “In conclusion …” sounds reductive, simple and … well, just basic.

You can find better words to conclude an essay than that!

So below I’ve outlined a list of different ways to say in conclusion in an essay using a range of analysis verbs . Each one comes with an explanation of the best time to use each phrase and an example you could consider.

Read Also: How to Write a Conclusion using the 5C’s Method

List of Ways to Say ‘In Conclusion’ in an Essay

The following are the best tips I have for to say in conclusion in an essay.

1. The Weight of the Evidence Suggests…

My Rating: 10/10

Overview: This is a good concluding phrase for an evaluative essay where you need to compare two different positions on a topic then conclude by saying which one has more evidence behind it than the other.

You could also use this phrase for argumentative essays where you’ve put forward all the evidence for your particular case.

Example: “The weight of the evidence suggests that climate change is a real phenomenon.”

2. A Thoughtful Analysis would Conclude…

My Rating: 9/10

Overview: I would use this phrase in either an argumentative essay or a comparison essay. As an argument, it highlights that you think your position is the most logical.

In a comparison essay, it shows that you have (or have intended to) thoughtfully explore the issue by looking at both sides.

Example: “A thoughtful analysis would conclude that there is substantial evidence highlighting that climate change is real.”

Related Article: 17+ Great Ideas For An Essay About Yourself

3. A Balanced Assessment of the Above Information…

Overview: This phrase can be used to show that you have made a thoughtful analysis of the information you found when researching the essay. You’re telling your teacher with this phrase that you have looked at all sides of the argument before coming to your conclusion.

Example: “A balanced assessment of the above information would be that climate change exists and will have a strong impact on the world for centuries to come.”

4. Across the Board…

My Rating: 5/10

Overview: I would use this phrase in a less formal context such as in a creative discussion but would leave it out of a formal third-person essay. To me, the phrase comes across as too colloquial.

Example: “Across the board, there are scientists around the world who consistently provide evidence for human-induced climate change.”

5. Logically…

My Rating: 7/10

Overview: This phrase can be used at the beginning of any paragraph that states out a series of facts that will be backed by clear step-by-step explanations that the reader should be able to follow to a conclusion.

Example: “Logically, the rise of the automobile would speed up economic expansion in the United States. Automobiles allowed goods to flow faster around the economy.

6. After all is Said and Done…

Overview: This is a colloquial term that is more useful in a speech than written text. If you feel that the phrase ‘In conclusion,’ is too basic, then I’d also avoid this term. However, use in speech is common, so if you’re giving a speech, it may be more acceptable.

Example: “After all is said and done, it’s clear that there is more evidence to suggest that climate change is real than a hoax.”

7. All in All…

Overview: ‘All in all’ is a colloquial term that I would use in speech but not in formal academic writing. Colloquialisms can show that you have poor command of the English language. However, I would consider using this phrase in the conclusion of a debate.

Example: “All in all, our debate team has shown that there is insurmountable evidence that our side of the argument is correct.”

8. All Things Considered…

My Rating: 6/10

Overview: This term is a good way of saying ‘I have considered everything above and now my conclusion is..’ However, it is another term that’s more commonly used in speech than writing. Use it in a high school debate, but when it comes to a formal essay, I would leave it out.

Example: “All things considered, there’s no doubt in my mind that climate change is man-made.”

9. As a Final Note…

My Rating: 3/10

Overview: This phrase gives me the impression that the student doesn’t understand the point of a conclusion. It’s not to simply make a ‘final note’, but to summarize and reiterate. So, I would personally avoid this one.

Example: “As a final note, I would say that I do think the automobile was one of the greatest inventions of the 20 th Century.”

10. As Already Stated…

My Rating: 2/10

Overview: I don’t like this phrase. It gives teachers the impression that you’re going around in circles and haven’t organized your essay properly. I would particularly avoid it in the body of an essay because I always think: “If you already stated it, why are you stating it again?” Of course, the conclusion does re-state things, but it also adds value because it also summarizes them. So, add value by using a phrase such as ‘summarizing’ or ‘weighing up’ in your conclusion instead.

Example: “As already stated, I’m going to repeat myself and annoy my teacher.”

11. At present, the Best Evidence Suggests…

My Rating: 8/10

Overview: In essays where the evidence may change in the future. Most fields of study do involve some evolution over time, so this phrase acknowledges that “right now” the best evidence is one thing, but it may change in the future. It also shows that you’ve looked at the latest information on the topic.

Example: “At present, the best evidence suggests that carbon dioxide emissions from power plants is the greatest influence on climate change.”

12. At the Core of the Issue…

Overview: I personally find this phrase to be useful for most essays. It highlights that you are able to identify the most important or central point from everything you have examined. It is slightly less formal than some other phrases on this list, but I also wouldn’t consider it too colloquial for an undergraduate essay.

Example: “At the core of the issue in this essay is the fact scientists have been unable to convince the broader public of the importance of action on climate change.”

13. Despite the shortcomings of…

Overview: This phrase can be useful in an argumentative essay. It shows that there are some limitations to your argument, but , on balance you still think your position is the best. This will allow you to show critical insight and knowledge while coming to your conclusion.

Often, my students make the mistake of thinking they can only take one side in an argumentative essay. On the contrary, you should be able to highlight the limitations of your point-of-view while also stating that it’s the best.

Example: “Despite the shortcomings of globalization, this essay has found that on balance it has been good for many areas in both the developed and developing world.”

14. Finally…

My Rating: 4/10

Overview: While the phrase ‘Finally,’ does indicate that you’re coming to the end of your discussion, it is usually used at the end of a list of ideas rather than in a conclusion. It also implies that you’re adding a point rather that summing up previous points you have made.

Example: “Finally, this essay has highlighted the importance of communication between policy makers and practitioners in order to ensure good policy is put into effect.”

15. Gathering the above points together…

Overview: While this is not a phrase I personally use very often, I do believe it has the effect of indicating that you are “summing up”, which is what you want out of a conclusion.

Example: “Gathering the above points together, it is clear that the weight of evidence highlights the importance of action on climate change.”

16. Given the above information…

Overview: This phrase shows that you are considering the information in the body of the piece when coming to your conclusion. Therefore, I believe it is appropriate for starting a conclusion.

Example: “Given the above information, it is reasonable to conclude that the World Health Organization is an appropriate vehicle for achieving improved health outcomes in the developing world.”

17. In a nutshell…

Overview: This phrase means to say everything in the fewest possible words. However, it is a colloquial phrase that is best used in speech rather than formal academic writing.

Example: “In a nutshell, there are valid arguments on both sides of the debate about socialism vs capitalism.”

18. In closing…

Overview: This phrase is an appropriate synonym for ‘In conclusion’ and I would be perfectly fine with a student using this phrase in their essay. Make sure you follow-up by explaining your position based upon the weight of evidence presented in the body of your piece

Example: “In closing, there is ample evidence to suggest that liberalism has been the greatest force for progress in the past 100 years.”

19. In essence…

Overview: While the phrase ‘In essence’ does suggest you are about to sum up the core findings of your discussion, it is somewhat colloquial and is best left for speech rather than formal academic writing.

Example: “In essence, this essay has shown that cattle farming is an industry that should be protected as an essential service for our country.”

20. In review…

Overview: We usually review someone else’s work, not our own. For example, you could review a book that you read or a film you watched. So, writing “In review” as a replacement for “In conclusion” comes across a little awkward.

Example: “In review, the above information has made a compelling case for compulsory military service in the United States.”

21. In short…

Overview: Personally, I find that this phrase is used more regularly by undergraduate student. As students get more confident with their writing, they tend to use higher-rated phrases from this list. Nevertheless, I would not take grades away from a student for using this phrase.

Example: “In short, this essay has shown the importance of sustainable agriculture for securing a healthy future for our nation.”

22. In Sum…

Overview: Short for “In summary”, the phrase “In sum” sufficiently shows that you are not coming to the moment where you will sum up the essay. It is an appropriate phrase to use instead of “In conclusion”.

But remember to not just summarize but also discuss the implications of your findings in your conclusion.

Example: “In sum, this essay has shown the importance of managers in ensuring efficient operation of medium-to-large enterprises.”

23. In Summary…

Overview: In summary and in sum are the same terms which can be supplemented for “In conclusion”. You will show that you are about to summarize the points you said in the body of the essay, which is what you want from an essay.

Example: “In summary, reflection is a very important metacognitive skill that all teachers need to master in order to improve their pedagogical skills.”

24. It cannot be conclusively stated that…

Overview: While this phrase is not always be a good fit for your essay, when it is, it does show knowledge and skill in writing. You would use this phrase if you are writing an expository essay where you have decided that there is not enough evidence currently to make a firm conclusion on the issue.

Example: “It cannot be conclusively stated that the Big Bang was when the universe began. However, it is the best theory so far, and none of the other theories explored in this essay have as much evidence behind them.”

25. It is apparent that…

Overview: The term ‘ apparent ’ means that something is ‘clear’ or even ‘obvious’. So, you would use this word in an argumentative essay where you think you have put forward a very compelling argument.

Example: “It is apparent that current migration patterns in the Americas are unsustainable and causing significant harm to the most vulnerable people in our society.”

26. Last but not least…

Overview: The phrase “last but not least” is a colloquial idiom that is best used in speech rather than formal academic writing. Furthermore, when you are saying ‘last’, you mean to say you’re making your last point rather than summing up all your points you already made. So, I’d avoid this one.

Example: “Last but not least, this essay has highlighted the importance of empowering patients to exercise choice over their own medical decisions.”

27. Overall…

My Rating: 7.5/10

Overview: This phrase means ‘taking everything into account’, which sounds a lot like what you would want to do in an essay. I don’t consider it to be a top-tier choice (which is why I rated it 7), but in my opinion it is perfectly acceptable to use in an undergraduate essay.

Example: “Overall, religious liberty continues to be threatened across the world, and faces significant threats in the 21 st Century.”

28. The above points illustrate…

Overview: This phrase is a good start to a conclusion paragraph that talks about the implications of the points you made in your essay. Follow it up with a statement that defends your thesis you are putting forward in the essay.

Example: “The above points illustrate that art has had an overwhelmingly positive impact on humanity since the renaissance.”

29. The evidence presented in this essay suggests that…

Overview: I like this phrase because it highlights that you are about to gather together the evidence from the body of the essay to put forward a final thesis statement .

Example: “The evidence presented in this essay suggests that the democratic system of government is the best for securing maximum individual liberty for citizens of a nation.”

30. This essay began by stating…

Overview: This phrase is one that I teach in my YouTube mini-course as an effective one to use in an essay conclusion. If you presented an interesting fact in your introduction , you can return to that point from the beginning of the essay to provide nice symmetry in your writing.

Example: “This essay began by stating that corruption has been growing in the Western world. However, the facts collected in the body of the essay show that institutional checks and balances can sufficiently minimize this corruption in the long-term.”

31. This essay has argued…

Overview: This term can be used effectively in an argumentative essay to provide a summary of your key points. Follow it up with an outline of all your key points, and then a sentence about the implications of the points you made. See the example below.

Example: “This essay has argued that standardized tests are damaging for students’ mental health. Tests like the SATs should therefore be replaced by project-based testing in schools.”

32. To close…

Overview: This is a very literal way of saying “In conclusion”. While it’s suitable and serves its purpose, it does come across as being a sophomoric term. Consider using one of the higher-rated phrases in this list.

Example: “To close, this essay has highlighted both the pros and cons of relational dialectics theory and argued that it is not the best communication theory for the 21 st Century.”

33. To Conclude…

Overview: Like ‘to close’ and ‘in summary’, the phrase ‘to conclude’ is very similar to ‘in conclusion’. It can therefore be used as a sufficient replacement for that term. However, as with the above terms, it’s just okay and you could probably find a better phrase to use.

Example: “To conclude, this essay has highlighted that there are multiple models of communication but there is no one perfect theory to explain each situation.”

34. To make a long story short…

My Rating: 1/10

Overview: This is not a good phrase to use in an academic essay. It is a colloquialism. It also implies that you have been rambling in your writing and you could have said everything more efficiently. I would personally not use this phrase.

Example: “To make a long story short, I don’t have very good command of academic language.”

35. To Sum up…

Overview: This phrase is the same as ‘In summary’. It shows that you have made all of your points and now you’re about to bring them all together in a ‘summary’. Just remember in your conclusion that you need to do more than summarize but also talk about the implications of your findings. So you’ll need to go beyond just a summary.

Example: “In summary, there is ample evidence that linear models of communication like Lasswell’s model are not as good at explaining 21 st Century communication as circular models like the Osgood-Schramm model .”

36. Ultimately…

Overview: While this phrase does say that you are coming to a final point – also known as a conclusion – it’s also a very strong statement that might not be best to use in all situations. I usually accept this phrase from my undergraduates, but for my postgraduates I’d probably suggest simply removing it.

Example: “Ultimately, new media has been bad for the world because it has led to the spread of mistruths around the internet.”

37. Undoubtedly…

Overview: If you are using it in a debate or argumentative essay, it can be helpful. However, in a regular academic essay, I would avoid it. We call this a ‘booster’, which is a term that emphasizes certainty. Unfortunately, certainty is a difficult thing to claim, so you’re better off ‘hedging’ with phrases like ‘It appears’ or ‘The best evidence suggests’.

Example: “Undoubtedly, I know everything about this topic and am one hundred percent certain even though I’m just an undergraduate student.”

38. Weighing up the facts, this essay finds…

Overview: This statement highlights that you are looking at all of the facts both for and against your points of view. It shows you’re not just blindly following one argument but being careful about seeing things from many perspectives.

Example: “Weighing up the facts, this essay finds that reading books is important for developing critical thinking skills in childhood.”

39. With that said…

Overview: This is another phrase that I would avoid. This is a colloquialism that’s best used in speech rather than writing. It is another term that feels sophomoric and is best to avoid. Instead, use a more formal term such as: ‘Weighing up the above points, this essay finds…’

Example: “With that said, this essay disagrees with the statement that you need to go to college to get a good job.”

Do you Need to Say Anything?

Something I often tell my students is: “Can you just remove that phrase?”

Consider this sentence:

“In conclusion, the majority of scientists concur that climate change exists.”

Would it be possible to simply say:

“ In conclusion, The majority of scientists concur that climate change exists.”

So, I’d recommend also just considering removing that phrase altogether! Sometimes the best writing is the shortest, simplest writing that gets to the point without any redundant language at all.

How to Write an Effective Conclusion

Before I go, I’d like to bring your attention to my video on ‘how to write an effective conclusion’. I think it would really help you out given that you’re looking for help on how to write a conclusion. It’s under 5 minutes long and has helped literally thousands of students write better conclusions for their essays:

You can also check out these conclusion examples for some copy-and-paste conclusions for your own essay.

In Conclusion…

Well, I had to begin this conclusion with ‘In conclusion…’ I liked the irony in it, and I couldn’t pass up that chance.

Overall, don’t forget that concluding an essay is a way to powerfully summarize what you’ve had to say and leave the reader with a strong impression that you’ve become an authority on the topic you’re researching.

So, whether you write it as a conclusion, summary, or any other synonym for conclusion, those other ways to say in conclusion are less important than making sure that the message in your conclusion is incredibly strong.

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