essay writing on invention

89 Invention Essay Topics & Examples

Looking for a topic about invention that changed the world? You’re in the right place! Find the best invention essay examples and title ideas below.

🏆 Top Invention Essay Examples

📱 interesting invention speech topics, 👍 good essay topics on invention, ❓ invention research questions.

An invention is an innovative method, device, or process. Whether it is a small improvement or a radical breakthrough, an invention is something that changes production processes and the everyday life of people. Both the wheel and a super-modern smartphone are examples of inventions.

In your invention essay, you might want to discuss the importance of inventing in our life. Another option is to talk about a famous or your favorite invention. Want to get more ideas? In this article, we’ve gathered the best invention essay examples, speech topics, and titles. Go on reading to learn more.

• Electricity Is the Most Important Invention: Essay Example This process began centuries ago, yet its most active stage was launched in the middle of the nineteenth century, and one of the major moving forces of the rapid technological development was the reception and […]
• The Invention of Internet Several events led to the advancement of the internet in the world today. The level of computer literacy in the world played a leading role in the advancement of internet as teachers and students wanted […]
• Papyrus: Its Invention and Impact on the World The invention of papyrus paper by the Egyptians changed the scene since papyrus-paper proved to be the ideal writing material of the time.
• The Gunpowder Invention and Its Impacts on the World In the present times, the production of gunpowder still goes on as a continuation of the works of the ancient alchemists from China.
• Dynamite Invention Influence on Politics, Society, and Economy The duality of the impact of the invention of dynamite is present in each of the three major civilizational areas mentioned above.
• Inventions That the World Would Do Without For instance, the invention of communication technology has been of great help to the entire world because of the convenience and reliability it has come with.
• The Inventions of Thomas Edison Many new developments appeared due to Edison’s achievements, who was one of the founders of the practical application of current. The introduction of compressed current energy marked the transition to a new technological era.
• Ancient Chinese Contributions and Inventions Trying to point to ten most useful inventions and contributions of the Ancient China, it was really difficult to select the most necessary ones as Ancient China is famous for its contribution into the development […]
• Impact of the Invention of the Camera on Art The invention of the camera immensely impacted the arts, especially in terms of painting. On the other hand, the camera’s invention spurred the development of new art directions, namely, Realism and Impressionism.
• Invention in Writing It refers to the creation of new ideas in relation to the question given or the use of old ideas to come up with new ideas in writing.
• Golden Age of Islam: Inventions and Success in Science The achievements of the Muslim technology and science contributed to the development of the Western society and helped Europe come out of the Dark Ages.
• Invention of Photography and Its Social Impact Although photography was invented in its full form only in 1835, an understanding of the social impact that was a result of the invention of photography is rightly portrayed by Azoulay in his article “The […]
• The Invention of Television According to Street, Paul Nipkow developed the Nipkow disc in 1884, which was capable of transmitting pictures by use of a cable. In the earlier times, it was hard to send a message for its […]
• The Invention of Development On being sworn in as the president of the United States, Rist notes, Truman introduced the term, underdevelopment, as a new concept of regarding the impoverished regions of the world.
• Telescope and Microscope Discovery Combo The paper will look into the history of the discoveries and their effects in the development of the human well beings as well as the enhancement of the human understanding of the surrounding nature in […]
• Alexander Graham Bell and the Passion for Invention It was a very short notice and since I had counted on working on my telephone project in the spring of 1870, I was at first not ready to move with my parents.
• The Flute Advancement and Its Invention The volume of the flute is dependent on the resonator’s size, the size of the air stream or the velocity of the air stream.
• Marcel Duchamp’s Invention of ‘The Readymade’ In his invention of readymade art, Duchamp based his artwork on the belief that creative art was not made from the perspective of the artist but from the point of view of the spectator who […]
• Computers: The History of Invention and Development It is treated as a reliable machine able to process and store a large amount of data and help out in any situation.”The storage, retrieval, and use of information are more important than ever” since […]
• Apple Company: Development, Inventions, Expansion This essay provides an insight into the development of the Apple Company and the various personalities that have contributed to its growth.
• Phonograph Invention and Evolution The time period the phonograph was invented and the circumstances that led to the invention. The invention and advancement of the phonograph and its operations has had a part to play on other inventions.
• Inventions of the Ancient Romans The Romans built some of the most impressive buildings in the world, including the Pantheon and the Colosseum. Thus, the Romans were ahead of their time, and their legacy continues to shape modern engineering and […]
• The Invention and the Power of Music This moment was the beginning of a practical study of the benefits of music therapy for the mental and physical condition of a person.
• Walter Benjamin’s Article: The Invention of Photography In “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction”, Walter Benjamin discusses how the invention of photography and other mechanical reproduction forms has changed how people perceive works of art.
• Spectrophotometers: Invention and Development Jensen explains that spectrophotometers can be used to make measurements where previous methods were unable to, like measuring the amount of light absorbed by a substance at different wavelengths.
• The Motion Picture Invention and Inventors John Isaac played a key role in helping Eadweard to develop a technology used to take the first motion picture of a galloping horse.
• The Lego Company’s Inventions and Reinvention Hasbro and Barbie, the Lego company has the capacity to widen its range of products and diversify. The Lego company realized the importance of its community, and effectively used it in order to improve its […]
• Testing New Invention: Blender Switch The purpose of the analysis will be to determine if the proportion of returned blenders with new switches were deferent from the proportion of blenders with old switches.
• Social Needs: Inventions and Innovations The Pony Express was birthed in 1861 in the US with the primary goal of delivering mail and in the same breath, Coleman Sellers invented a Kinematoscope.
• Invention of Light Bulbs by Davy: Ethical Issues This was a pivotal moment when Humphrey picked up an interest in the field of electrochemistry in the year 1808 because it led to discovery of the most famous invention in his life which was […]
• Nikola Tesla’s Inventions and Achievements It is interesting to discuss that Tesla’s AC system led to the event in the history of the scientific and commercial world called the war of the currents.
• Radio Technology Invention and Development In 1906 he broadcasted a Christmas concert, including his voice and violin play with the help of 400-foot towers to the ships of the United Fruit Company, which were equipped with Marconi’s radios. In 1922 […]
• The Invention of Daguerreotypes Overall, the work on the daguerreotypes began in 1727, when Schulze introduced his important innovations into photography; it continued in the beginning of the 1800s, when the rudimentary camera obscura was created and actively used; […]
• Ancient Chinese Inventions and Contributions In spite of this stereotype, China is the Motherland of many inventions of the past. Gunpowder is one of the most significant and well-known inventions of ancient China.
• Discovery Versus Invention: Understanding, Comparison and Principles of the Subject The earlier example of gods invented to explain cosmology is an area where the knowledge was true for its time in the sense that it organized the universe and the world, but was later replaced […]
• “John Koza Has Built an Invention Machine” by Jonathon Keat In other words, a new scientific solution of a genius can be appropriate only when the society draws to a head with a little bit mere understanding of the scientific flow at a definite epoch […]
• Photography: Brief History of Invention At that time all images produced were in black and white and eventually all masters of the art came to believe that the only artistic way to record photographic images was in black and white. […]
• Two Inventions Comarison: Telephone and Internet However, the history of the first inventor of the telephone is shrouded in mystery with the name of Elisha Gray attached with the invention of the first telephone.
• Blackberry Device: History of Invention The introduction of the blackberry devices has provided a major breakthrough in the communication industry making it cheaper and faster to consumers.
• Airplnane: Description of the Invention The credit for the invention of the first powered airplane goes to the Wright brothers Orville and Wilbur. The worlds first powered, sustained and controlled flight in a heavier-than-air airplane was achieved by the Wright […]
• Rome and the Invention of the West In ” The Aeneid,” Virgil tells of the adventures of the hero of the Trojan war, Aeneas, who was destined by the gods to stay alive after the destruction of Troy to come to Italy […]
• “Invention as a Social Act” Analysis The paper is divided into four parts: social aspects of the invention, invention as a dialectical process, invention as an act, and classical criteria for a social view of the invention.
• Artificial Light Invention This reflective treatise attempts to explore the invention of artificial light, benefits, and usage in the field of chemistry. To begin with, artificial light is used in most of the experiments in the laboratory to […]
• Sickle Cell Disease and Scientific Inventions The disease is caused by a gene that is linked to the production of mutant hemoglobin. This is due to advance treatment and management of the disease”.
• The Enable Talk Gloves: Invention’s Pros & Cons The gloves have special sensors that turn the signs into texts on a smartphone that also turns the texts into speech. This invention will impact the participation of people with speech problems in the activities […]
• Optical Tools: History of Invention and Consequential Development Nevertheless, as the socio-cultural progress in this part of the world continued to gain a powerful momentum, the idea of using lenses to create optical devices began to appeal to more and more intellectually advanced […]
• Television, Its Invention and Technical Evolution The history of television involves the contribution of several engineers from different parts of the world. This paper seeks to explore the technical evolution of the television from its invention to the current developments.
• Biomimicry: Inventions Inspired by Nature The main idea or aim of biomimicry is that nature is able to provide humanity with brilliant solutions that can and need to be used.
• Visual Communications and Technological Inventions The invention of the printing press altered the history of the world the most notable one being the reduction of the power of the church.
• The Progressive Era and Its Technological Inventions Moreover, the period marked the shift from the agrarian to the urban society, and many critics referred to it as the age of reforms in American history.
• Umbrella and Its Invention in Different Cultures An umbrella in ancient China was not only the item of sun protection, but it was also a symbol of a high rank and nobility of its owner.
• The Invention of Cinema at the End of the XIX Century First attempt to introduce the idea of moving pictures traces back to middle of the seventeenth century, when Athanasius Kircher “who projected crude hand-painted images of the Devil…on the wall of a darkened chamber by […]
• New Product Invention: Australian Tourism This project will be beneficial because the hotels in the region have since been overwhelmed by the current flow of the visitors.
• Ancient Chinese Inventions History In this article, I highlight some of the inventions and contributions and examine four that I consider to be outstanding. A sample of these inventions and contributions include “silk, tea, porcelain, paper, printing, gunpowder, the […]
• Collective Invention During Industrial Revolution The major similarity between collective invention and heroic individual invention is that both provided important source of innovations during the early stages of industrialization.
• Thomas Edison’s Kinetoscope As he famously used to say, the Kinetoscope did with the eye the same thing the phonograph did to the ear.
• Invention Analysis and Claiming: A Patent Lawyer’s Guide In page 5 of the book, the significance of persistent empirical research in technological advancement is demonstrated. Pasteurization is used in the exemplification of these different technological themes and applications.
• Aviation Industry and Its Prominent Inventions The above are some of the most influential aviation inventions ever made in the history of the industry. Given the failure in the development of manned aircraft by Russia, it is safe to conclude that […]
• Luc Sante “The Invention of the Blues” and John Jeremiah Sullivan “Unknown Bards” Personally, I have found the article “The Invention of the Blues” by Sante important because it explains in details the origin of the music genre.
• Modeling, Prototyping and CASE Tools: The Inventions to Support the Computer Engineering Despite the fact that the engineering is constantly being enriched with the new notions and techniques which add the new ways and methods to make the process of engineering quicker and flawless, the science still […]
• The Period Encompassing the Invention of Cinema Therefore, because of the establishment of the photographic film at that time that required the use of great illumination, the application of the electric spotlight that was introduced in 1904 in theatres became essential in […]
• US Inventions: Electronic Appliances and Transport Facilities Fortunately, the inventions of recorders, compact disks, and radio led to the spread of the music in other parts of the world.
• How Did the Invention of Agriculture Allowed Stable?
• How Did the Invention of the First American Transcontinental Affect the Nation?
• How Has the Invention and Use of Television Affected Human Life?
• How Has the Invention of Contact Lenses Affected People’s Sight?
• How Has the Invention of Social Media Affected Human Life Over Time?
• How Has the Invention of Vaccines Helped the World?
• How Remix Culture Fuels Creativity and Invention?
• How Did Television Change Since Its Invention?
• How the Bit Was Born: Claude Shannon and the Invention of Information?
• How Has the Invention and Use of the Computer Changed Lives in the 21st Century?
• How Venture Capital Works: Invention and Innovation Drive?
• Was Modern Art Greater Influenced by the Invention of the Camera or Kindergarten?
• What Are the Invention That Changed the 20th Century?
• What Brought About the Invention of Response Cards?
• What Did the Invention of the Bicycle as an Alternative Model?
• What Can the Invention Be Made for a Healthier?
• What Inspires Leisure Time Invention?
• What Invention Would the World Be Better off Without, and Why?
• Which Invention Has Had the Most Significant Effect on Our Lives in the Last Two Hundred Years?
• Which Invention Was More Important: The Internet or the Telegraph?
• Which Invention Has Made the Most Impact on Our Lives?
• What Was Invented in 2021?
• Why Is the Internet Most Important Invention?
• Why the Gatling Gun Is an Invention of Great Importance to the Science of Warfare?
• Computers: The Greatest Invention of the Century?
• Does Compulsory Licensing Discourage Invention?
• The Microscope: Science’s Greatest Invention?
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Essay on Invention

Students are often asked to write an essay on Invention in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Invention

The magic of inventions.

Inventions are the creations of brilliant minds. They are new devices, methods, or processes made from innovative ideas. Inventions have shaped our world, making life easier and more interesting.

Types of Inventions

Inventions can be physical, like the telephone, or conceptual, like mathematical formulas. They can also be improvements of existing things, like the smartphone.

Impact of Inventions

Inventions have a great impact. They can change how we live, work, and play. For instance, the internet has transformed communication and information access.

Inventing the Future

Inventing is about solving problems and imagining new ways to do things. It’s a key part of progress and the future of our world.

250 Words Essay on Invention

The genesis of invention.

Invention is the cradle of progress, the heart of human advancement. It is the product of creative minds that strive to improve our lives and the world around us. Inventions, whether they are technological, scientific, or artistic, have shaped the course of history and continue to define our future.

The Role of Necessity

The axiom “necessity is the mother of invention” holds true. The need to solve problems or improve existing conditions often sparks the flame of invention. For instance, the invention of the wheel was driven by the need for easier transportation, while the development of the internet was a response to the need for global connectivity.

The Power of Curiosity

However, necessity alone can’t fuel invention. It’s the marriage of necessity and curiosity that truly births invention. Curiosity pushes us to question the status quo, to seek answers, and to venture into the unknown. It’s this curiosity that led to inventions like the telescope, which expanded our understanding of the cosmos.

The Impact of Invention

Inventions have a profound impact on society. They revolutionize industries, transform lifestyles, and redefine societal norms. The printing press democratized knowledge, the steam engine propelled the Industrial Revolution, and digital technology is reshaping our world today.

Conclusion: The Continuum of Invention

Invention is a continuum, a never-ending journey of discovery and improvement. Every invention is a stepping stone to the next, creating a chain reaction of progress. As we stand on the brink of a new era of innovation, the power of invention promises to continue shaping our collective destiny.

500 Words Essay on Invention

Introduction to invention.

Invention is a creative process that has been the cornerstone of human progress. It is the act of bringing ideas or objects together in a novel way to create something that did not exist before. Inventions have shaped and reshaped our world, influencing every aspect of our lives, from communication and transportation to healthcare and entertainment.

The Essence of Invention

The essence of invention lies in the recognition of a problem or a need, followed by the imaginative thinking to conceive a solution. It requires a blend of creativity, critical thinking, and often, a deep understanding of scientific principles. The invention process is iterative, involving trial and error, experimentation, and refinement until a workable solution is achieved.

Invention and Society

Inventions have profound impacts on society. They can stimulate economic growth, improve living standards, and even redefine societal norms. The invention of the printing press, for instance, revolutionized information dissemination, fostering literacy and the spread of new ideas. Similarly, the invention of the internet transformed the way we communicate, access information, and conduct business.

Invention and Technological Advancement

Technological advancements are often the result of inventions. For instance, the invention of the transistor led to the development of the digital computer, which has since revolutionized many fields, from data processing to artificial intelligence. Technological inventions, in turn, often spur further inventions, creating a cycle of innovation.

The Role of Invention in Scientific Discovery

Invention also plays a critical role in scientific discovery. Many scientific breakthroughs have been made possible by inventions. For instance, the invention of the microscope opened up a whole new world of microorganisms, leading to significant advances in biology and medicine. Similarly, the invention of the telescope has led to numerous astronomical discoveries, expanding our understanding of the universe.

Challenges and Ethical Considerations in Invention

However, invention is not without its challenges and ethical considerations. The process of invention often requires significant resources, and there is always the risk of failure. Moreover, some inventions can be used for harmful purposes or have unintended negative consequences. For example, the invention of nuclear technology has brought both the potential for clean energy and the threat of nuclear weapons. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the ethical implications of inventions and to strive for responsible innovation.

In conclusion, invention is a powerful force that drives human progress. It is a process of creative problem-solving that leads to new products, technologies, and scientific discoveries, with far-reaching impacts on society. However, it also brings challenges and ethical considerations that need to be carefully managed. As we continue to invent and innovate, we must strive to do so in a way that benefits society and minimizes potential harm.

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Essay Samples on Invention

Significance of black inventions that changed the world.

Introduction Many people have heard about famous inventions, such as the lightbulb, the steam engine, and the iPhone. The list is, in fact, endless and impressive. However, although we use many products and inventions in our lives, we don't give thought to who made it...

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Radio: History Review of Creating and First Usage

A radio is a machine that is producing or receiving inaudible waves, and that transforms it into a sound that human beings can understand. The range of the band is from 87.5 to 108 MHz. It is intended to be received directly by the public...

Bicycle Made of Plastic Waste Review

Our team had the idea of creating a bicycle that is made out of plastic wastes and also include a built-in energy pack that is removable so that it can act as a power bank to charge any electrical appliances such as mobile phones. By...

Scientific Discovery And Invention: Necessity Is The Mother Of Invention

Hundreds of inventions and discoveries appear every day. Do you think all inventions are intentional? And are discovered after research and experimentation? I don’t think so. A famous quote states: “Necessity is the mother of invention.” That is true to a great extent. However, many...

The Invention Of A Periodic Table

Ever since the first grade, Dmitri Mendeleev has been my hero. When I first saw the periodic table, I was in awe; the colors, the patterns, the symmetric shape—everything mesmerized me. Ever since that moment, the periodic table has defined the way I live. Just...

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The Invention Of The Pocket Watch During The Renaissance Period

“The Renaissance was a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries and marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity. The traditional view focuses more on the early modern aspects of the Renaissance and argues that it was...

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Life of Thomas Edison and His Long History of Inventions

Introduction Thomas Alva Edison, most famous American inventor, scientist and businessman in the 20th century, may be one of the world's greatest inventor of all time. He changed our lives from the moment he started innovating, bringing already invented or discovered devices and gadgets into...

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The Worldwide Significance of The Wright Brothers’ Invention

In Ohio, in 1905, the very first practical aeroplane was invented by Wilbur and Orville Wright, more famously known as the Wright brothers. What they created would forever change the world. Although many consider the steam engine, the flying shuttle or the spinning jenny to...

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The Chronology of the Achievements of Elon Musk

For as long as I can remember I have always been interested in new inventions and machines that improve life and that put a modern twist on basic everyday necessities. When I read the outline for this book report I was enthused and had one...

The Achievements and Legacy of the Han Dynasty

The Han Dynasty was very important, the Hans made some very important functional inventions that helped them with their everyday things, some of which we still use today. The Han Dynasty was live from 206 B.C. all the way to 220 A.D. The Han’s territory...

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The Wright Brothers in Search of the Perfect Solution to Fly

The Wright Brothers had a big influence on the revolution of America, and to this day their design and research are still affecting the way air and space craft are created. The first brother born was born in 1867 and his name was Wilbur, the...

The Wrights Brothers and the Revolutionary Invention of an Airplane

Throughout history, mankind has been fascinated with the concept of flight. It was not until the turn of the 20th Century that the dream of flying among the birds became a reality. On December 17, 1905, Wilbur and Orville Wright flew on the first flying...

History of The Birth of Typography in Germany

The development of modern typography started in Germany with the printing of the Gutenberg Bible by Johann Gutenberg in 1455. Gutenberg successfully brought together existing technologies and slightly tweaked them to print the first major Western book using moveable metal type with a press. Gutenberg...

A Glimpse of Typography History: Aldus Manutius, the Inventor of Modern Book Typography

Aldus Manutius creator of Aldine Press had many beautiful works. The book I am taking a page from to write about is The Hypnerotomachi. A book set in 1467 is categorized in the romance genre. This book has many groundbreaking and new for the time...

Gottfried von Wilhelm Leibniz and Invention of Calculus

Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz was born on July 1, 1646 in Leipzig, Germany. He is best recognized for being one of the founding fathers of calculus, along with Sir Isaac Newton. His nickname is the last “Universal Genius” because his work spanned across many areas...

The Development of Calculus and My Routinary Activities Connected with Calculus

Calculus - A subject that has amassed over different concepts, theorems, and the like. Its complex structure is that of a key figure in the world of mathematics. As far as history goes, the invention of calculus was a great advancement; a marvelous achievement to be added to...

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Thomas Edison as the Greatest Innovator of the Time

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Inventing Solutions of Thomas Edison and Tesla

Invention is something that was never done before, or the creation process that was never done before. While a solution is a way to solve a problem or deal with a difficult situation. Solution is an answer to a problem. Inventing solutions is the act...

Change of the Visualisation of the World by Thomas Edison

Abstract In this assignment, I talk about one of the nation’s most honored men. He is a great inventor and businessman, Thomas Alva Edison from America. He is famous with their great inventions and have a long-lasting impact on Automotive Industry and on the modern...

Life of Archimedes and His Mysterious Inventions

Contributions When Archimedes returned home, the king was faced with a problem because he didn’t know how to empty water from the hull of a ship, so he recurred to Archimedes. According to the article Archimedes of Syracuse, “Archimedes' solution was to create a machine...

Quantum Mechanics: Laser One of the Greatest Inventions

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Great Discoveries Of Sir Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton was a mathematician and astronomer from the 17th century. His work and inventions dedicated a lot to the math and science that we use today. Let’s start from the beginning. Sir Isaac Newton was born on January 4th, 1643 in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire,...

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How and What is Made 3D Printing

3D printing also known as additive manufacturing is an old technology that has been referred to as a group of technologies that build physical objects directly from 3D-CAD data file [125].In contrast to subtractive manufacturing technologies (such as milling or machining, cutting, lathing, turning, etc.),...

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3D Printing Revolution In the World of Producing

Abstract 3D printing has been a revolution within the world of producing that has modified the manner a product is intended and made. it's led to a seismal amendment within the methodology of producing, whereby the merchandise is made layer-by-layer to the ultimate kind. This...

Benjamin Frankiln's Recollection of Life in The Autobiography

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Benjamin Franklin as a Key Figure in Science and Innovation

Benjamin Franklin is broadly acknowledged as one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and is given credit for the assistance in building the foundation of our nation. Although people only know of some of the careers he pursued, he had many others that...

Prof. Harmon Northrop Morse: An Inventor Of Paracetamol

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University Of The Future With Use Of Technology in Education

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Bicycle and Modern Industrial Methods

A bicycle, often called a bike (and sometimes referred to as a “pushbike”, “pedal bike”, “pedal cycle”,or “cycle”), is a human-powered, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A bicycle rider is called a cyclist, or bicyclist. Bicycles...

Lights, Camera, Action: How Movies Were Invented

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Modeling Of Electro Elastic Materials Using Implicit Theories

This proposal develops a mathematical model for various electro-active materials using implicit constitutive theories and solve some boundary value problems for different practical cases. There are some materials such as quartz, PZT etc. which react to electric fields by showing deformation and electric field which...

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Biotelemetry can be described as the tracking of biological organisms by using electronic or satellite tags that send the data via radio waves in the atmosphere. There are a wide range of devices used in biotelemetry. These include devices that can record environmental conditions such...

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The Pilbox was launched by Marine Parade Polyclinic on May 2016 which has now been extended to Bedok and Punggol Polyclinics too. It is an innovative product that has helped many people save their time by beating the queue at the Polyclinic pharmacy. To use...

Best topics on Invention

1. Significance of Black Inventions That Changed the World

2. Radio: History Review of Creating and First Usage

3. Bicycle Made of Plastic Waste Review

4. Scientific Discovery And Invention: Necessity Is The Mother Of Invention

5. The Invention Of A Periodic Table

6. The Invention Of The Pocket Watch During The Renaissance Period

7. Life of Thomas Edison and His Long History of Inventions

8. The Worldwide Significance of The Wright Brothers’ Invention

9. The Chronology of the Achievements of Elon Musk

10. The Achievements and Legacy of the Han Dynasty

11. The Wright Brothers in Search of the Perfect Solution to Fly

12. The Wrights Brothers and the Revolutionary Invention of an Airplane

13. History of The Birth of Typography in Germany

14. A Glimpse of Typography History: Aldus Manutius, the Inventor of Modern Book Typography

15. Gottfried von Wilhelm Leibniz and Invention of Calculus

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Invention (aka brainstorming), what is “invention”.

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Invention (also referred to as brainstorming) is the stage of the writing process during which writers discover the ideas upon which their essays will focus. During this stage, writers tend to overcome some of the anxiety they might have about writing a paper, and in many cases, actually become excited about it. Although invention usually occurs at the beginning of the writing process, exercises aimed at facilitating invention can be helpful at many stages of writing. Some of the best writers return to this stage a number of times while composing drafts of their essays.

Recommended Invention Techniques

Freewriting.

Read through your assignment and choose a topic, theme, or question that comes to mind. Write for 10-15 minutes in response to this idea – do not lift your pen from the paper or your hands from the keyboard.

When you are finished, read through your draft and underline or circle ideas that might lead you to a thesis for your paper. Consider asking a classmate or friend to read what you’ve written and ask questions about your ideas and topics.

After freewriting, read through what you have written and underline a phrase or sentence that you think is particularly effective or that expresses your ideas most clearly. Write this at the top of a new sheet of paper and use it to guide a new freewrite.

Repeat this process several times. The more you write and select, the more you will be able to refine your ideas.

Talk to Yourself

Some people often find themselves saying, “I know what I want to say. It’s just that I can’t figure out how to put it in writing.” If this is the case for you, try dictating your thoughts on a digital recording device. After several minutes, listen to what you’ve recorded and write down ideas you want to incorporate into your paper.

If you don’t have a recording device, ask a friend to write down some of the main points you make as you talk about your ideas.

List all the ideas you can think of that are connected to the topic or the subject you want to explore. Consider any idea or observation as valid and worthy of listing (go for quantity at this point). List quickly and then set your list aside for a few minutes. Come back and read your list and then do the listing exercise again.

Using Charts or Shapes

Use phrases or words that are central to your topic and try to arrange them spatially in a graph, grid, table, or chart. How do the different spatial representations help you see the relationships among your ideas? If you can’t imagine the shape of a chart at first, just put the words on a page and draw lines between or around them.

Break Down the Assignment

Sometimes prompts are so complicated that they can seem overwhelming. Students often ask: There’s so much to do, where should I start? Try to break the assignment down into its constituent parts:

• The general topic, like “The relationship between tropical fruits and colonial powers.”
• A specific subtopic or required question, like “How did the availability of multiple tropical fruits influence competition among colonial powers trading from the larger Caribbean islands during the 19th century?”
• A single term or phrase that seems to repeat in the material you’ve read or the ideas you’ve been considering. For example, if have you seen the words “increased competition” several times in the class materials you’ve been reading about tropical fruit exports, you could brainstorm variations on the phrase within the context of those readings or focus on variations of each component of the phrase (i.e., “increased” and “competition”).

Once you have identified the major parts of the topic, try to figure out what you are being asked to think about in the assignment. What questions are you expected to answer? Are there related questions that need to be addressed in order to answer the primary questions? If so, what are they?

Defining Terms

In your own words, write definitions for key terms or concepts given in the assignment. Find other definitions of those terms in your course readings, the dictionary, or through conversations and then compare the definitions to your own. Keep these definitions in mind as you begin to write your essay.

Summarizing Positions

Summarize the positions of relevant authors from your course readings or research. Do you agree or disagree with their ideas, methods, or approaches? How do your interests overlap with the positions of the authors in question? Try to be brief in your descriptions. Write a paragraph or up to a page describing a reading or a position.

Get together with a group of classmates and have each person write down her or his tentative topic or thesis at the top of a blank sheet of paper. Pass the sheets around from left to right so that each person can write down a thoughtful question or suggest related ideas to think about.

Compare / Contrast Matrix

If your assignment asks you to compare or contrast two concepts, texts, subjects, etc., try to organize your thoughts in a compare/contrast matrix by focusing on the attributes you will consider in your draft. These attributes should establish the key points of comparison or contrast with which you will deal in your essay.

Last revised: 07/2008 | Adapted for web delivery: 05/2021

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Prewriting (Invention) General Questions

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Beyond the strategies outlined in the previous section, these questions might help you begin writing.

Explore the problem — not the topic

• Who is your reader?
• What is your purpose?
• Who are you, the writer? (What image or persona do you want to project?)

Make your goals operational

• How can you achieve your purpose?
• Can you make a plan?

Generate some ideas

• Keep writing
• Don't censor or evaluate
• Keep returning to the problem

Talk to your reader

• What questions would they ask?
• What different kinds of readers might you have?

Ask yourself questions

Journalistic questions

Who? What? Where? When? Why? How? So What?

Stasis questions

Conjecture: what are the facts? Definition: what is the meaning or nature of the issue? Quality: what is the seriousness of the issue? Policy: what should we do about the issue? For more information on the stases, please go to the OWL resource on stasis theory .

Classical topics (patterns of argument)

• How does the dictionary define ____?
• What do I mean by ____?
• What group of things does ____ belong to?
• How is ____ different from other things?
• What parts can ____ be divided into?
• Does ____ mean something now that it didn't years ago? If so, what?
• What other words mean about the same as ____?
• What are some concrete examples of ____?
• When is the meaning of ____ misunderstood?

Comparison/Contrast

• What is ____ similar to? In what ways?
• What is ____ different from? In what ways?
• ____ is superior (inferior) to what? How?
• ____ is most unlike (like) what? How?

Relationship

• What causes ____?
• What are the effects of ____?
• What is the purpose of ____? - What is the consequence of ____?
• What comes before (after) ____?
• What have I heard people say about ____?
• What are some facts of statistics about ____?
• Can I quote any proverbs, poems, or sayings about ____?
• Are there any laws about ____?

Circumstance

• Is ____ possible or impossible?
• What qualities, conditions, or circumstances make ____ possible or impossible?
• When did ____ happen previously?
• Who can do ____?
• If ____ starts, what makes it end?
• What would it take for ____ to happen now?
• What would prevent ___ from happening?

Contrastive features

• How is ____ different from things similar to it?
• How has ____ been different for me?
• How much can ____ change and still be itself?
• How is ____ changing?
• How much does ____ change from day to day?
• What are the different varieties of ____?

Distribution

• Where and when does ____ take place?
• What is the larger thing of which ___ is a part?
• What is the function of ____ in this larger thing?

Cubing (considering a subject from six points of view)

• *Describe* it (colors, shapes, sizes, etc.)
• *Compare* it (What is it similar to?)
• *Associate* it (What does it make you think of?)
• *Analyze* it (Tell how it's made)
• *Apply* it (What can you do with it? How can it be used?)
• *Argue* for or against it

Make an analogy

Choose an activity from column A to explain it by describing it in terms of an activity from column B (or vice-versa).

Rest and incubate.

(Adapted from Linda Flower's Problem-Solving Strategies for Writing, Gregory and Elizabeth Cowan's Writing, and Gordon Rohman and Albert Wlecke's Prewriting.)

Flower, Linda. Problem-Solving Strategies for Writing . Third Edition. Orders, 1989.

Neeld, Elizabeth Cowan, and Gregory Cowan. Writing . Scott, Foresman, 1986.

Want to create or adapt books like this? Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices.

7 Reinventing Invention: Discovery and Investment in Writing

Discovery and Investment in Writing

Michelle D. Trim and Megan Lynn Isaac

Invention can be understood as a process of discovery (Conley 317) and creation (Welch 169). [1] This can mean that you will discover something new about an existing idea or create a new way of looking at something. That seems pretty straightforward on the surface. Writers invent texts the way engineers invent new gadgets. But invention in the rhetorical sense is about a lot more than just coming up with ideas. Invention is also a way to describe what happens when a writer searches for a topic, develops a specific idea about that topic, and then strategizes a plan for fitting that specific idea to the writing situation at hand. In other words, invention is about coming up with something shiny, new, and unique, but it is also about brainstorming, synthesizing, and learning.

You use invention without realizing it every time you solve a problem. When presented with the dilemma of how to complete an assignment after spilling cola all over her new laptop, a student might engage in the following thought process.

She could begin by brainstorming ideas for actions she could take. Some of those might include:

• Call tech support for help.
• Go use a public terminal.
• Handwrite the essay.
• Ask a friend to loan his computer.
• Request an extension from the professor

Once she has several possible ideas to work with, she has to evaluate her options to see which might best fit the situation. Her evaluation process might go something like this:

• Call tech support for help. “Not enough time; the assignment is due tomorrow.”
• Go use a public terminal. “The nearest lab closes in two hours; that is not enough time to begin again and complete the essay.”
• Handwrite the essay. “This is possible, but the syllabus says the professor accepts only typed work.”
• Ask a friend to loan his computer. “This might work; Sam is next door and enrolled in a different English class.”
• Request an extension from the professor. “This might work, but the professor has a strict policy on late work.”

Now that she has evaluated her options, she can refine the selection to reflect new ideas. That refinement process might result in the following results:

• Sam loaned his computer, but it did not have the same word processing software on it.
• In discussing the problem with Sam, he suggested combining two ideas by handwriting the essay and submitting it while also requesting an extension.

As with this example, invention activities can and do occur at any stage of the writing process. Writers can brainstorm ideas, hone in on a topic, and refine that topic continually, no matter how much drafting, researching, or revising has already occurred.

The first two aspects of invention—brainstorming ideas and developing a workable topic—seem to be the areas of invention that challenge students the most. Unless the professor assigns a specific writing prompt, college students most likely will be expected to develop writing that reflects their—not their teacher’s—ideas. This can be scary. Students in our first year writing classes remarked that they liked knowing what the teacher wanted. For example, Alice [2] writes, “ . . . I never know whether the teacher is going to like the topic I chose, which scares me a lot.” Jared indicates that developing topics from scratch seems too challenging: “I have trouble thinking of my own ideas but when I am given ideas and examples it is a lot easier . . . .”

It has been suggested that part of the reason why first year college students struggle with invention may be due to widespread standardized testing practices that require students to respond to a pre-formed writing topic in limited ways (Hillocks 64). Such experiences rarely offer students the opportunity to develop a writing topic, let alone forefront their own interests in that topic. They also do not challenge students to think about how one kind of approach to a topic fits some writing situations better than others. For instance, a student wanting to write about date-rape prevention would likely formulate a very different means of constructing his argument for his sociology professor than for his fraternity newsletter. Likewise, a student writing to local businesses about why they should support Autism research would construct a personal essay on the subject very differently.

Without practice doing invention, you may find yourself struggling to meet the demands of your college writing assignments. More than half of the students in our composition classes remarked that they didn’t have much experience devising topics in high school. For example, Liz writes, “ . . . we did not have a choice about what to write about.” Josh explains, “Oftentimes we would have a list of a few topics that everyone had to choose from.” With similar past experiences, students may feel antagonized by a professor’s resistance to such tried and true topics as “steroid use” or “stem-cell research.” A student may perceive herself as reliable and responsible when she chooses a standard topic, but her professor may label it trite and tired. Learning to reimagine writing as an opportunity to create something original rather than as a duty to respond predictably can be challenging. Students are often accustomed to being rewarded for following directions precisely, and thus are conditioned to fear breaking the rules. When college instructors introduce changes to the set of expectations student writers have about the composition process, it is not unusual for them to react with disbelief and dismay.

Even more perplexing, professors may insist you develop more than one workable topic for a particular assignment. For students accustomed to responding to a single prompt or who expect to be rewarded for producing the right answer, the idea that invention is a process including experimenting with and refining ideas can be frustrating. Instructors hope students will think broadly, creatively, and playfully as they craft approaches to a writing assignment—in part because they believe that investing time in invention helps prevent problems during the later stages of the writing process. Students are busy and often value efficiency. They often want to hone in on a topic immediately, proceeding directly to the drafting stage of the writing process. The problem is that the lack of a “Plan B” may lead to various forms of collapse as the project develops. Just as avid hikers spend time studying a topographical map and evaluating several different routes to the summit before they hit the trails, you will find that energy invested in the invisible stages of writing pays dividends later on.

Lack of experience selecting writing topics isn’t the only challenge you may face when it comes to invention. Not being excited by one’s writing often results in less successful writing (or as writing process researcher Janet Emig argues, less successful learning). Once the opportunity presents itself, invention is the key to identifying writing topics that both satisfy the writing situation and reflect your interest and investment. That is just one reason why many professors disallow those tried and true paper topics; they want their students to write about something that interests them now, not something they have written about since high school. Furthermore, professors want students to learn from their writing rather than circumvent new learning by rehashing a comfortable topic.

While invention skills may be rusty for some, the good news is that they only require practice to become just another part of everyday writing. In order to help our writing students practice their invention skills, we have developed some invention exercises that work well for different kinds of invention tasks and at different stages of the writing process.

Part 2: Practicing Invention

Writers can engage in a variety of invention activities when confronted with a writing task. The key is to develop a practice of invention that works, not to wait for inspiration to strike while staring at a blank screen until the wee hours of the morning. Some writers become so accustomed to writing first drafts that are “good enough,” that they may skip aspects of the invention process beyond selecting their first idea for a topic. Others rely on ancillary sources to provide topics, such as a teacher’s example or a list of common debate questions and oral presentation topics on the WWW. One of our students stated that she often relied on Facebook quiz topics for ideas. In a pinch, these methods might help a writer squeeze by, but in the long run, writers need to trust themselves to generate topics of importance to them with whatever resources are available.

It is not that teachers mind students working together to develop ideas or to use television, the Internet, or even the lyrics of their favorite song as inspiration for a writing topic. In fact, teachers would likely applaud these activities. Many writers have in their minds an image of the inventor—someone like Thomas Edison, for example—who toils alone until that great idea hits him like an act of nature. This image is a romantic one, but it isn’t very realistic. Invention, as writing scholar Karen LeFevre argues, is “a social act: one in which individuals interact with society and culture in a distinctive way to create something” (121). It is not a solitary experience. In terms of invention, this means that writers should not see invention as something they go off and do by themselves, free of the influence of the world around them. Writers’ ideas are always already impacted by the context and the culture in which they live. The key is not to try to develop an idea that is perfectly unique, but rather to uniquely develop a topic in response to a specific rhetorical situation—that is, for a specific audience and with a specific purpose. Think of how a music lover might build her playlist on her computer. She might have all the same songs as her best friend, but his process for surveying an album, evaluating choices, and selecting tracks to include will be very different. Both friends are part of the culture that decides what music is good, which songs are worth buying and listening to, but they also have their own tastes and their own way of enjoying the music they decide to play. Some songs are perfect for working out while others can only be appreciated after a particularly unpleasant break-up. While listeners might agree about the genres of these kinds of songs, their own choices in similar situations may be very different.

When students ask what they should write about, writing teachers often respond by asking about their interests. Teachers might ask you, “What do you care about?” or “What makes you mad?” Traditionally, teachers might guide you in a prewriting activity like freewriting or clustering. These approaches can help you generate that first initial idea for a topic, but they may not work for everyone. Sometimes writers need help remembering what areas of study they find exciting and what issues stimulate their thinking. More often, writers can feel constricted by the academic setting and automatically eliminate ideas or approaches that don’t seem conventional. You may expect a teacher to value a dry piece of writing because it fits the assignment, despite the fact that you have no interest in producing or reading it. In fact, some of you may never expect to enjoy the topics of their writing. It does not have to be this way. What seems like a dull and prescribed research assignment, or even specific prompt, can actually be an opportunity for creativity. And, if writers find the results of writing about an uninteresting topic to be boring, readers will likely agree.

Considering your individual interests while also engaging with others in a group environment can make for a fun and dynamic invention experience. The following activity builds on this idea by beginning with individual responses before juxtaposing them with those of classmates. The goal is both to spark interesting ideas that might not have been considered otherwise, while also learning how different people, with different experiences can resolve invention activities in unexpected ways.

Classroom Activity 1: Brainstorming as a Group

While on the surface the following activity may appear like a survey for finding the perfect blind date, it works best if you try to take the questions seriously. The questions can be modified to fit a specific writing situation or left more general, as we suggest, to fit a more open-ended writing task. One of the important elements of this activity is to share your responses with others—a friend, your writing group, a Writing Center consultant, etc.

Respond in writing to the following questions.

• What new place would you most like to visit?
• What form of technology or invention do you value most?
• What famous person (alive or dead) would you most like to meet?
• What is your favorite astral body? (planet, moon, star, etc.)
• What hands on skill would you like to learn (sailing a boat, making stained glass windows, etc.)?
• What two qualities do you admire most in a leader?
• What profession is the most rewarding?
• What law would you change and why?
• What one thing should all children learn?
• What is the most unjust event in history?
• What historical incident would you most like to witness?
• What is the most important book written in your lifetime?
• What is the highest honor a person can achieve?
• What difference in people do you find most troubling?
• What product would you take off the market if you could?

(You can add other questions to this list, because the exact formulation of the questions is less important than their potential for stimulating your thinking in unexpected ways.)

You should individually compose answers to the questions being careful not to share your ideas with others (yet).

You should share your responses to at least three or four of the queries that you found most provocative, paying attention to the responses of others. (Recording the answers as lists helps you focus on the range of your peers’ responses).

Writers should spend a few minutes listing what top five answers particularly grabbed their attention or seemed most compelling.

With others, discuss the individual lists.

With others, generate a list of ten possible paper topics based on either the individual lists generated in step 4 or the discussion of the lists in step 5. (It is a good idea to generate more than ten rather than discarding ones that group members find especially exciting.)

You may select one topic from the list or lists to develop for the writing assignment or use the topics as a jumping off point for inventing another topic idea altogether.

Responses to Invention Activity 1: “Brainstorming as a Group”

Although our writing students generally found this activity to be interesting and new to them, the same invention activity will not work the same way for every writer. If we return to the original description of invention from Part 1, we see that invention incorporates both discovery and creation. Discovery in this instance is a singular experience since it depends on what writers already know about themselves. In other words, when we discover an idea that we want to explore further, what we are really discovering is our interest in that idea—not the subject matter itself. You create a topic when you fit that interest to the writing task at hand. Since every writer encounters a writing task with a unique set of attitudes and experiences, it makes sense that he or she would generate different topic ideas even when applying the same invention tool.

Unsurprisingly, since we did this as a class activity, the “Brainstorming as a Group” invention activity did not generate a paper topic idea in the same way for every one of our students. Some students commented that they found the questions too random and couldn’t see how they fit with the paper assignment. Their comments imply that they expected the activity to entirely lead them to a topic that was already preformed to fit their interests and the writing assignment. But, here’s the thing: this activity was designed to do exactly the opposite. Its goal is not to ask a random question with an ideal writing topic as its answer. The objective of this activity is to remind you of your own passions, interests, and opinions on a variety of real life subjects. That is the discovery part of the process. In jogging that part of our your memories, we seek to pull you out of school mode and into everyday life mode where you can bring one of your interests from life outside of school into the classroom via your writing assignments. As one student writes:

The activity was a great start to open our minds on what topic to write about. It didn’t give me a topic but rather sparked certain areas to think about. My answers showed what I was passionate about, things that are important to me, and things I want to do in my life. My own answers showed me personal beliefs and opinions on certain topics. Then listening to other people’s answers sparked a whole new way of thinking. Hearing other people’s interpretations of the questions and their answers allowed me to broaden my thinking. Different answers sparked different reactions that allowed for topics to debate about. Someone’s answer to a question might prompt me to say, “Oh really? That’s surprising to me. I thought about it a completely different way,” and thus a conversation could ensue. The activity allowed for us to gain our own opinions and then react to other people’s opinions. (Cabbie)

Other students amiably completed the questions but did not initially realize that they were inventing a paper topic by doing so. For example, one group of students found that they all enjoyed answering the question about their favorite astral body. Discussing their answers to this question led them to a debate on space exploration. That then led them to a debate on funding such space-related projects—the pros and cons of which formed the nexus of their group argument project. They formed a topic that explored the funding of agencies like NASA, arguing for continued monetary support while acknowledging the unavoidable economic constraints. Despite the seeming lack of successful topic generation by the invention activity, this group used the activity to arrive at a topic that they probably would not have selected otherwise. They discovered their shared interest and conflicting views on funding for space exploration and shaped that interest to fit their writing assignment.

Similarly, Emily writes that the activity,

“ . . . encouraged my creativity, and sparked my curiosity, but it did not help me to select a topic . . . . It did however guide my entire group to the decision to write about something with a more objective feel. We immediately all decided we wanted an issue with concrete sides and arguments that could be supported by evidence instead of opinions (like which invention is the most important). The activity also steered us to choose a broader topic, instead of concentrating so much on the answer. For example, in response to my answer about which law I would change we thought of immigration from Cuba as a possible topic.”

Like many other aspects of the writing process, the success of invention strategies cannot always be measured by the ‘product’ (in this case a clearly stated topic for a writing assignment). Sometimes, the most successful invention activity is the one that gets you thinking so that ideas are more accessible and easier to formulate. As Mary states, “[b]ecause this activity asked such broad questions, we were able to get ideas from our classmates’ answers and from other ideas that occurred as a result of the questions of the activity.”

Individual Activity: Brainstorming Based on Interests

While Activity 1 asks you to interact with others about your ideas and responses, answering the same set of questions can be equally helpful when you are working on your own to generate a writing topic. In this case, writers can work entirely alone by looking at their responses and then spending time freewriting or clustering in response to any one given answer. You may also interrogate a specific answer to flesh out your revealed interests more fully. Using the reporter’s 5 W’s and an H is one way to do this. See the following fictional example.

Oscar decided that he wanted to develop a paper idea based on his answer to the question about a leader’s qualities. He believed that a leader should be open-minded and have integrity. In order to try to see how these ideas could become a topic, he had to ask himself the following questions:

• Who did he have in mind when naming these qualities? Oscar did not have a specific person in mind when generating this answer.
• What kind of leader needed these qualities? These qualities might have applied to any leadership position, but Oscar was thinking of the recent undergraduate student government meeting he had attended.
• When would these qualities matter the most? There had been some student protesting lately over the school’s policies regarding its observation of certain religious holidays. That kind of conflict seemed to need leadership from a person with these qualities.
• Where would a leader like this exist? Oscar did not have a specific place in mind, but he wasn’t thinking of someplace unknown or unfamiliar.
• Why this answer? Oscar assumed that the recent happenings on his campus combined with the discussion at the last student government meeting had triggered this response. The current president was stepping down due to problems with academic achievement, and the representatives had to decide if the current vice president would take her place or if there would be an election. Oscar was concerned that the vice president seemed to see only one side to the current problem and tended to make fun publically of the opposition.
• How would these qualities take shape? Oscar believed that an open-minded leader would listen to all sides before responding and that a sign of integrity would be when she/he treated constituents with respect, no matter her/his side on an issue.

In this instance, Oscar discovered that he wanted to write about the need for a leader to be open-minded and have integrity. The assignment had asked students to make an argument that was supported by examples or reasons. Specifically, after the above exercise, he discovered that he wanted to argue for the importance of these two qualities above all else and connect that argument to times of conflict and disagreement. He decided he would use examples from the current undergraduate student government dilemma in order to make his points clear to his readers.

Group Activity 2: Inventing for Genre, Audience, and Purpose

Although we think strong writing often develops out of a writer’s own interests, we also like invention activities that help writers think about the rhetorical context of a writing task. Good writers, whether generating a text about how to fund NASA or the most significant qualities demanded of a candidate for student government, also think about who will be reading their text, why, and what kind or genre of text will best communicate the necessary information. Some college writing assignments state the audience, genre and purpose of the task absolving you from having to make too many decisions, but others don’t. Invention activities that encourage writers to think about rhetorical context are helpful because they forefront these concerns and remind writers that the invention process goes beyond selecting a topic—it includes developing that topic according to the writing situation.

Inventing an Audience

This activity works well either in a group or as an individual writing activity. Begin by reading the following scenario:

Imagine a friend asked you to move his car for him from one side of campus to the other. He had just discovered that the parking lot where it was located was being closed for a special event, but since he had class, he did not have time to move it himself. While moving the car, you leaned over to adjust the sound system and didn’t notice that you were coming up on one of the college’s many pedestrian crosswalks. You hit a pedestrian as he entered the walkway. The man’s leg was broken. The man also happened to be the college president. The police cite you for reckless driving, and in two weeks, you will be called to appear before the campus Honor Board for possible further sanctioning.

Develop a plan for responding to each of the following five writing activities:

• Write a letter to your parents informing them about the situation.
• Write a letter to a close friend from high school informing him or her about the situation.
• Write a letter to the college president about the situation.
• Write a letter to the Honor Board about the situation in preparation for the upcoming hearing.
• Write a letter to your insurance agent explaining the situation.

Then, select one plan to follow and write the letter using the plan you devised.

Next, you might join a small group and share your different approaches with each other, discussing the following topics:

• What strategies did the writer employ to make this letter appropriate to the audience?
• What purpose does this letter serve?
• What strategies does the writer employ to further its specific purpose?
• How does each writer portray himself or herself?
• Which letter seems most likely to be successful?

Finally, each group might analyze the writing strategies that enabled each writer to address her/his audience and purpose effectively.

Inventing a Genre

Like the previous activity, this exercise asks you to work in a group from a shared prompt to develop a range of different texts geared toward varying rhetorical contexts, but this activity asks writers to complicate the task a bit more by writing not only to different audiences with different purposes, but in a variety of short genres.

Consider the following scenario:

On the first Monday of every month at 7:00 p.m., the campus residence halls test their fire alarms. No one is required to exit the building during these regularly scheduled tests. Last Monday (the third Monday of the month) at about 7:15, a candle was left unattended on the sill of an open window in a residence hall. Apparently, a billowing curtain was ignited, and the fire quickly spread. When the two students who shared the room returned and discovered the fire, they pulled the alarm in the hallway, but almost no one in the residence hall paid any attention, mistaking the alarm for the monthly test. The fire department arrived quickly but was forced to spend significant time helping to evacuate the building before they could turn their full attention to controlling the fire. No one was injured, but damage to the building was significant.

Develop a plan for how you might craft one of the following:

• Write the text for a new college brochure on fire safety to be distributed to all occupants of the campus residence halls.
• Write a news article for the college paper.
• Write an email from a student whose room was destroyed by fire to a faculty member requesting an extension on a research paper.
• Write a letter from the President of the university to alumni asking for emergency contributions to repair and refurbish the residence hall.
• Write a letter from the Fire Chief to the Director of the campus residence halls.

Next, share your plans with others and discuss the following questions about each of the five writing assignments’ situations:

• What purposes does this text serve?
• How does the intended audience for this text affect the strategies that the writer should employ?
• What constraints does the genre of this text impose on the writer?
• What kinds of information does this genre convey best?

In generating plans for these writing situations, you can perhaps see more clearly some of the ways that genre, audience, and purpose affect how a topic can best be articulated. In this exercise, writers had to decide basic things like length, style of writing (informal versus scholarly), and use of support (reasons or examples). They also had to have an idea of what information, or message, they wanted to convey, what ideas worked to their best advantage, and what ones could be left out. When the audience, purpose, and genre of a text are taken into account at any stage of writing, invention takes place.

Classroom Activity 3: Refining Topics for Research

The following invention activity also aids in finding an initial idea for a research paper, but then goes further by using group work to aid you in developing that idea into a workable paper topic. This activity is especially useful if you are nervous about researching in a subject area new to you.

Writers embarking on a research writing project sometimes encounter two different problems. Either, like one recent student interested in the cognitive skills developed by multiple-player on-line games, they are so deeply invested in their topic, that they have trouble imagining an audience less schooled and enthusiastic than themselves. Or, despite a genuine interest in a topic, like another recent student excited about exploring biofuel alternatives, they have no idea how to begin writing about a subject they know virtually nothing about. These situations are complicated when writers don’t have a clear idea of who they are writing for (other than their teacher) or what purpose their writing is intended to serve (other than fulfilling a requirement for a grade.) Are they writing to educate an audience unfamiliar with their topic or are they writing for a community of insiders who are deeply invested in it?

This exercise can help illustrate how writing can be one avenue toward learning and how peers are often a valuable audience.

Join together with other students to share a potential research paper topic and a typed paragraph of at least 200 words describing why this topic appeals to you, what kind of text you would like to create, and who would be most interested in reading/seeing it. (One purpose of this step is to ensure that you have the opportunity to engage in some advanced preparation rather than feeling like you are grasping at straws once you arrive in class. A general rule of thumb says that if writers cannot sustain interest in a topic long enough to write 200 words about it, then it is not the best choice for an extended project.)

With others, very briefly share your topic, audience, and text ideas. Afterwards, each member of the group should answer in writing the following set of questions about the topics being proposed by all the other group members. You should expect to spend around ten minutes writing about each of the topics introduced by your fellow writers.

• What do you already know about this topic? (Simply make a list of facts or claims brainstorming as quickly as possible.)
• Where have you seen information about this topic in the past? (What kinds of texts have you seen that discuss it?)
• What should a writer exploring this topic do to make it interesting to you as a potential audience member? (Be as specific as possible and provide as many possibilities as you can think of.)
• What background information, questions, or facts should someone exploring this topic make sure to cover for an audience already interested in the topic? For an audience unfamiliar with the topic?
• What kinds of sources or authorities do you think the author should consult while researching this topic?

Have everyone in the group give their responses back to the original authors of the topics. Then have everyone spend a few minutes reading the responses they received for their topic.

With others, discuss your topics with the goal of helping each other understand how to refine each topic, shape it to appeal to the selected audience, develop research strategies, and account for differences in background knowledge between the writer and the chosen audience.

Thinking about the experience of your group, you should reflect on what you have learned about the kinds of things that writers should take into account when developing a topic for a specific audience. You should invite other writers to discuss the activity further, focusing on what aspects of topic generation you found most challenging and/or surprising.

Student Response to “Refining Topics for Research”

As with all group work, classes using this invention activity will experience the occasional hiccup. You might become frustrated with your topic and toss it out. Although you may perceive the exercise as a failure since it eliminated your topic instead of enriching it, invention is, among other things, a sorting process and figuring out what won’t work is a very practical use of time. Even those students who find themselves without a topic when the exercise is completed will have a much clearer idea of what kind of topic might work based on those they have helped their peers develop.

Students who do manage to keep their topic intact over the course of the exercise may have a very different idea of how to approach it after it has been vetted and discussed by their peers. In one recent class, Jessica [3] began her research assignment intending to write about post-partum depression. Initially, she was frustrated by the responses provided to the four questions by one of her group members, Kyle, because he claimed he did not know anything at all about post-partum depression and answered the four questions with ideas that she perceived to be ridiculously basic and simplistic. Since she had written thoughtfully and at length about his topic, new developments in artificial intelligence, she believed Kyle was being lazy and irresponsible by not providing her with similar feedback. During the small group discussion, however, Jessica realized that Kyle was being honest. Aside from having a vague idea that post-partum depression had something to do with pregnancy, the concept was foreign to him, and he had no idea why it should concern him. Since Jessica had originally intended to write for an audience unfamiliar with her topic, she not only devoted more of her paper to educating her audience about her topic than she had expected, she also shifted her approach to include arguments about why a phenomenon that only affects women should be of interest to men, even those men who are not themselves fathers.

Group discussion of the topic development exercise also helped our students to see each other as resources. After one student discussed her interest in writing about increased diagnoses of celiac disease, another student volunteered the information that her mother struggled with the condition, and the two students began to discuss the possibility of arranging an interview with the mother. Students also helped narrow each other’s topics by pointing out what aspects of a broad field intrigued them the most. Kaleigh’s group realized that her topic, animal rights, was horribly large when they recognized how diverse their written responses to her topic were. It clearly would not be possible for her to use the topic without further refinement. So they helped her consider and eliminate different aspects of animal rights (in the food industry, in drug experimentation, and in puppy mills) until they hit upon a focal point that intrigued Kaleigh—the treatment of captive wild animals in zoos and circuses.

Finally, using group work as part of the invention process serves a larger goal in any writing class—it sets you up to be invested readers and editors of each other’s work as the writing process progresses. Kyle was a much more enthusiastic peer reviewer of Jessica’s paper because it included issues he had raised, and he now saw himself as a genuine audience for the work. Similarly, other students took pride in noticing how their ideas had been incorporated or were able to make very concrete suggestions for revision by reminding their peers of issues that had been raised in the initial invention session.

Invention, like every other aspect of the writing process, is neither a single-faceted nor a static skill. Each new writing situation brings a different set of rhetorical challenges that vary from writer to writer. Experienced writers expect that they will have to wrestle and play with ideas before they begin writing. You should remember that the mental calisthenics that precede the production of a string of words are not a waste of time or indicative of the absence of writing talent; they are instead utterly normal and wonderfully useful. Making choices among ideas is a significant aspect of writing. And making choices is important—whether the decision is as frivolous as picking which flavor of ice cream to order from a store with dozens of options or deciding which college to attend. But making choices can be fun, too. When you focus on invention by using activities like the ones discussed above, you are able to break down stereotypes about “appropriate topics,” forefront your interests and areas of expertise, and craft texts that speak to an intended audience while accomplishing an intended purpose.

• How would you describe the invention process? In other words, what are writers doing when they are inventing?
• Why might some students find generating their own writing topics to be stressful or challenging? List as many reasons as you can.
• What are the goals of the group-based invention activities? In other words, what are they trying to help students learn about invention?

Works Cited

Conley, Thomas M. Rhetoric in the European Tradition . Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1990.

Emig, Janet. “Writing as a Mode of Learning.” College Composition and Communication 28.2 (1977): 122–28.

Hillocks, George, Jr. “Fighting Back: Assessing the Assessments.” English Journal 92.4 (2003): 63–70.

LeFevre, Karen Burke. Invention as a Social Act . Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois UP, 1987.

Welch, Kathleen E. The Contemporary Reception of Classical Rhetoric: Appropriations of Ancient Discourse. Hillsdale: Erlbaum, 1990.

• This work is licensed under the Creative Commons AttributionNoncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License and is subject to the Writing Spaces Terms of Use. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. To view the Writing Spaces Terms of Use, visit http://writingspaces.org/terms-of-use . ↵
• Direct quotes from student work are cited using students’ first names according to the students’ stated directives to use their actual first names or pseudonyms. ↵
• References to student conversations use pseudonyms only. ↵

Reinventing Invention: Discovery and Investment in Writing Copyright © 2010 by Michelle D. Trim and Megan Lynn Isaac is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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The Invention Process: Ten Strategies for Producing Writing

Getting Started

Invention is, simply, the process of identifying what to write. But, whether you’re new to writing or a prolific pro, invention doesn’t always feel simple when you’re stuck on a blank page or screen.

You may have learned in school a stage-oriented writing process that begins with invention (sometimes called “pre-writing”), moves to drafting, then feedback, revision, and editing, and ultimately publication. Researchers now acknowledge, much as practitioners have known, that the writing process isn’t a linear progression. In other words, we use invention not only to start a piece, but throughout the writing process.

This blog post lists ten invention strategies for “pre-writing” or getting un-stuck when the words won’t flow. Regardless of when the need occurs or whether you’re writing fiction or non-fiction, short stories or books, invention exercises can help.

Ten Invention Strategies

The list below presents a range of invention approaches. Some techniques help begin a project, other practices work best when you’ve already got some ideas, and some strategies may yield better results for particular writers. If one tool doesn’t work, try another. The goal is to write.

Freewriting

Freewriting focuses on rapidly producing words, phrases, sentences, and even paragraphs to bypass writing-inhibiting anxieties about word choice, grammar, spelling, or how a peer reviewer or editor might respond. To freewrite, set a timer for a specified period, perhaps 5 minutes, then put fingers to keyboard or around a pen, and write as fast as possible without slowing to edit or reject any ideas . The session might begin with “I don’t know what to write” and proceed from there. The focus in freewriting is getting ideas and phrases that jumpstart the writing.

Writers can use cell phone or online timers . Web-based freewriting tools include the punitive Write or Die , which deletes words if the writer doesn’t meet their stated goal, and Written? Kitten! , which displays a reward photo at the writer’s goal.

Writing “Invisibly”

Freewriters who re-read and edit during their timed sessions can turn to a strategy that prevents peeking. In this modified freewriting technique, brave and/or skilled typists open a fresh document, then turn off or tape a sheet of paper over the monitor to keep from seeing what they’re rapidly writing. (The danger, of course, is that the writing may end up looking like a cat walked across your keyboard.) The paper version of “invisible” writing is to pull a sheet of paper down over previously written lines.

Brainstorming

This classic activity similarly involves setting a timer and listing ideas as fast as possible without worrying about form, spelling, or editing. Brainstorming prohibits rejecting possibilities for any reason. While freewriting primarily focuses on generating prose, brainstorming involves listing ideas, concepts, and/or phrases one after another, as quickly as possible, until the session time expires.

After ending freewriting (or brainstorming), the writer looks over the session’s output, highlights key words, ideas, or sentences, and then chooses one of these as a focus for another invention session. This strategy enables the writer to develop a particular area. Repeating the looping produces even more material.

Writers often have strong feelings about outlining, or identifying the main structures of a piece before writing. While many writers are familiar with outlining a project before its onset, the reverse outline, which identifies the construction of a piece partly or wholly written, can also be an invention tool. For this technique, writers list in order the keywords or main points of previously written material. This framework can help the writer identify additional areas that can be written, expanded upon, or re-written.

Mapping/Clustering

This visual “mind-mapping” technique involves identifying a keyword, phrase, or name, placing it in a circle, and then attaching to the circle additional thoughts or ideas related to that term. The writer then branches additional related concepts off each term. The method helps writers both identify concepts and see relationships between them.

Writers can use mapping techniques on paper or online, such as through bubbl.us .

Flowcharting

Much as mapping can help writers visualize connections, flowcharting can help a writer visualize possible choices, a technique particularly useful for plotting character decisions. Writers can create flowcharts on paper or via free online flowchart software, such as draw.io and Lucidchart .

Double-Entry Listing

More linear than mapping and more directed than brainstorming, this method involves creating two columns. In one column, the writer places a word or phrase for a concept, theme, or other concern. On the other side, the writer lists details, evidence, or ideas supporting each identified concept, theme, or concern.

The dialogue technique involves either talking with another person or asking yourself questions about your writing. The process of articulating responses can help the writer identify material to write, as can answering questions, such as: What could create audience interest? What else does the reader need to know to make the material clear? Writers can create various who, what, when, where, why, and how questions to further develop the writing.

Writing about the Writing

Similar to talking to another person, the writing about the writing technique involves the writer articulating what they want  the writing to be. Less question-oriented than dialoguing, describing the subject or the writing problem can spur drafting a solution. In her famous Bird by Bird , Anne Lamott suggests writing a letter to someone, real or imagined, about the project because the letter’s informality and/or audience change can initiate ideas and words flowing.

Extending the Invention Process

For this blog post, I used multiple invention processes. To get started, I outlined a blog post structure to guide my drafting. I brainstormed invention sub-topics. When stuck mid-paragraph, I challenged myself to freewrite. As I proceeded with drafting and revising processes, I discussed the piece with a friend and asked myself questions. Writers don’t use invention processes only when starting to write fiction, but continuously until we submit or print any writing.

Have invention strategies of your own? Leave a comment below to share an idea!

Brenta Blevins is a writer, assistant professor, and researcher of digital rhetoric and composition. Her short fiction has appeared in such markets as  Analog  and  Daily Science Fiction . Her nonfiction has appeared in  Clarkesworld ,  Strange Horizons , and  NewMyths.com . She is a graduate of Clarion West. She tweets from @brentablevins.

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Home — Essay Samples — Science — Electricity — The Invention of Light Bulb

The Invention and The Importance of Light Bulb

• Categories: Electricity Light Thomas Edison

About this sample

Words: 606 |

Published: Dec 5, 2018

Words: 606 | Page: 1 | 4 min read

Works Cited

• Buranelli, V. (2003). Edison and the Electric Chair: A Story of Light and Death. New York University Press.
• Energy Basics. (2022). U.S. Department of Energy.
• Fifty Inventions That Shaped the Modern Economy. (2019). Oxford University Press.
• History of the Light Bulb. (2022). Edison Tech Center.
• Holmes, J. (2014). The Invention of the Light Bulb. The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/features/the-invention-of-the-light-bulb-9829735.html
• Incandescent Light. (2022). In Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/incandescent-light
• Kean, S. (2011). The Disappearing Spoon: And Other True Tales of Madness, Love, and the History of the World from the Periodic Table of the Elements. Back Bay Books.
• Krupp, E. C. (2019). Light Bulb. In Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 11th ed., vol. 11 (pp. 655-657). McGraw-Hill Education.
• Pagán, E. (2021). Thomas Edison. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/magazine/2021/03-04/thomas-edison-how-an-inventor-became-a-cultural-icon/
• Lighting the Way: A History of the Light Bulb. (2010). Smithsonian Magazine.

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Nature Communications. 'Global energy demand to increase due to climate change.' Nature Communications, vol. 9, no. 5, 2018, pp. 1-10. 

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There Have Been Many Inventions in Human History Such as the Wheel – IELTS Writing Task 2

Updated On Apr 12, 2024

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Effective IELTS Essay Connectors for Writing Task 2 & Task 1

In this IELTS Writing Task 2 Agree/Disagree essay – ‘There Have Been Many Inventions in Human History Such as the Wheel,’ we delve into the impact of technological advancements leading to inventions.

So let’s get started on this  IELTS Writing Task 2  Agree/Disagree essay so that we can understand the new age inventions and understand if they are more important than the invention of wheel.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

There have been many inventions in human history such as the wheel. Some people think the most important thing is the internet. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

You should write at least 250 words.

Structural Breakdown

Type:   Agree/Disagree Essay

Band 7 Sample Answer For Writing Task 2 – There Have Been Many Inventions in Human History Such as the Wheel

While it is undeniable that the internet has significantly impacted human society, I do not entirely agree that it surpasses all other inventions in importance, such as the wheel. Admittedly, the internet has revolutionized communication, commerce, and access to information. It has connected people across the globe, facilitated rapid exchange of ideas, and transformed how businesses operate. However, the wheel, which dates back to ancient times, remains fundamental to human progress.

The wheel laid the foundation for transportation, enabling the movement of goods and people with greater efficiency. It revolutionized agriculture by facilitating the use of carts and plows, leading to increased productivity and the growth of civilizations. Moreover, the wheel played a crucial role in the development of machinery and technology, from simple pulleys to complex machinery in modern industries.

While the internet has undoubtedly accelerated the pace of globalization and information dissemination, its significance is somewhat limited by accessibility issues in certain parts of the world. In contrast, the wheel’s impact transcends geographical boundaries and is essential to various aspects of human life, including transportation, industry, and agriculture.

In conclusion, while the internet has transformed the way we live, work, and communicate, its importance should not overshadow that of earlier inventions like the wheel. Both have played critical roles in shaping human civilization, with the wheel laying the groundwork for physical mobility and the internet revolutionizing virtual connectivity.

Vocabulary for Band 7

• Fundamental:  Forming a necessary base or core; of central importance.

Example:  Learning to read and write is fundamental to acquiring knowledge in any field of study.

• Efficiency:  The ability to accomplish a task with minimal waste, effort, or cost.

Example:  Installing energy-efficient lighting systems in buildings can significantly reduce electricity consumption.

• Civilization:  A complex society characterized by urban development, social organization, and cultural advancement.

Example:  The Indus Valley civilization thrived around 3300–1300 BCE, with planned cities like Mohenjo-Daro.

• Productivity:  The measure of output per unit of input, often referring to the efficiency of production or labor.

Example:  Implementing time-management strategies can improve productivity in the workplace.

• Machinery:  Machines collectively or a system of machines, especially those used in a particular industry or enterprise.

Example:  Industrial machinery automates production processes, increasing output and reducing labor costs.

• Accessibility:  The ease of use and availability of a product, service, or resource, especially to those with disabilities or in disadvantaged situations.

Example:  Making public transportation accessible to people with mobility impairments improves their independence and quality of life.

• Transcend:  To surpass or go beyond the usual limits of something.

Example:  Shakespeare’s works transcend time and culture, remaining relevant and celebrated centuries after their creation.

• Accelerated:  Happening or progressing at a faster rate than usual.

Example:  Technological advancements have accelerated the pace of innovation in various industries, leading to rapid changes in products and services.

• Dissemination:  The act of spreading something, especially information, widely.

Example:  The internet facilitates the rapid dissemination of news, allowing people to stay informed about current events around the world.

• Connectivity:  The quality or state of being connected or interconnected.

Example:  High-speed internet connectivity is essential for businesses to communicate with customers and partners globally.

Band 8 Sample Answer For Writing Task 2 – There Have Been Many Inventions in Human History Such as the Wheel

Undoubtedly, the internet stands as one of the most transformative inventions in human history, yet to claim it surpasses all others, including the wheel, seems overly simplistic. While the internet has reshaped the world in profound ways, the wheel’s significance cannot be understated. The wheel, originating in ancient times, revolutionized transportation, agriculture, and engineering, laying the groundwork for subsequent technological advancements.

The internet’s impact on communication, commerce, and knowledge dissemination is undeniable. It has connected individuals worldwide, enabling instant communication and collaboration across continents. Moreover, e-commerce platforms have transformed the way goods and services are bought and sold, reshaping global economies. However, accessibility remains a concern, with digital divides persisting between developed and developing regions.

In contrast, the wheel’s influence transcends time and geography. Its invention facilitated the movement of goods and people, driving the expansion of trade networks and the growth of civilizations. From carts and chariots to modern automobiles and industrial machinery, the wheel’s versatility is unmatched. Its role in agriculture increased productivity, contributing to the sustenance and growth of societies.

While the internet has accelerated the pace of globalization, the wheel’s impact on physical mobility and infrastructure development remains unparalleled. Moreover, the wheel’s simplicity and universality ensure its relevance across diverse societies and technological landscapes. Thus, while the internet represents a remarkable advancement in virtual connectivity, it does not eclipse the foundational significance of the wheel in human progress.

In conclusion, while the internet has revolutionized communication and commerce, its importance should not overshadow that of earlier inventions like the wheel. Both have played pivotal roles in shaping human civilization, with the wheel’s contributions to transportation and infrastructure laying the groundwork for modern society.

Vocabulary for Band 8

• Transformative:  Causing a marked change in someone or something.

Example:  The discovery of antibiotics was transformative for medicine, revolutionizing the treatment of bacterial infections.

• Profound:  Having deep insight or understanding; intellectually deep or penetrating.

Example:  The philosopher’s profound reflections on the nature of existence influenced generations of thinkers.

• Understated:  Presented or expressed in a subtle or restrained manner; not given enough emphasis or importance.

Example:  The artist’s understated style often conveys complex emotions with minimalistic brushstrokes.

• Versatility:  The quality of being able to adapt to many different functions or activities.

Example:  The versatility of smartphones allows users to perform various tasks, from communication to entertainment, with a single device.

• Unparalleled:  Having no parallel or equal; unmatched or unrivaled.

Example:  The company’s commitment to customer satisfaction is unparalleled in the industry, setting a new standard for excellence.

• Infrastructure:  The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.

Example:  Investing in infrastructure projects such as roads and bridges is crucial for stimulating economic growth and development.

• Universality:  The quality of being applicable or common to all people or situations.

Example:  The universality of human rights ensures that fundamental freedoms and protections apply to everyone, regardless of nationality or background.

• Eclipse:  To surpass or overshadow something by being more prominent or significant.

Example:  The athlete’s remarkable performance in the championship eclipsed all previous records, making headlines worldwide.

• Foundational:  Forming the basis or groundwork for something; essential or fundamental.

Example:  Literacy is foundational to academic success, providing the necessary skills for learning and communication.

• Pivotal:  Of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else.

Example:  The Industrial Revolution was a pivotal moment in history, transforming economies and societies through technological innovations.

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Band 9 Sample Answer For Writing Task 2 – There Have Been Many Inventions in Human History Such as the Wheel

While the internet undeniably represents a pinnacle of human innovation in the digital age, asserting its supremacy over all other inventions, such as the wheel, is an oversimplification of historical significance. The wheel, an ancient invention dating back thousands of years, remains unparalleled in its foundational impact on human civilization, serving as the cornerstone of transportation, industry, and agriculture.

The internet’s transformative power in revolutionizing communication, commerce, and access to information is indisputable. It has shrunk the world, enabling instantaneous communication and collaboration on a global scale. Moreover, e-commerce platforms have reshaped economic landscapes, transcending geographical boundaries. However, the internet’s reach is constrained by digital divides and infrastructural limitations, hindering universal accessibility.

In contrast, the wheel’s influence transcends millennia, revolutionizing the movement of goods and people. Its invention paved the way for the expansion of trade networks, fostering cultural exchange and economic growth. From carts and chariots to modern automobiles and industrial machinery, the wheel’s adaptability and simplicity remain unparalleled. Furthermore, its role in agriculture revolutionized food production, contributing to the sustenance and prosperity of civilizations.

While the internet has accelerated globalization, the wheel’s impact on physical mobility and infrastructure development is incomparable. Its ubiquity and timelessness ensure its relevance across diverse societies and technological epochs. Thus, while the internet represents a paradigm shift in virtual connectivity, it cannot overshadow the foundational importance of the wheel in human progress.

In conclusion, while the internet has reshaped the modern world in profound ways, its significance must be contextualized within the broader tapestry of human innovation. The wheel, with its enduring legacy and multifaceted impact on human civilization, remains an indispensable cornerstone of progress.

Vocabulary for Band 9

• Oversimplification:  Presenting something as simpler or more straightforward than it actually is.

Example:  Suggesting that the internet alone is responsible for societal progress is an oversimplification; numerous factors contribute to human advancement.

• Foundational:  Forming the basis or groundwork for something.

Example:  The discovery of fire was foundational to early human survival, enabling cooking, warmth, and protection from predators.

• Indisputable:  Impossible to question or doubt.

Example:  The impact of climate change on global weather patterns is indisputable, supported by overwhelming scientific evidence.

• Transcending:  Going beyond the limits or boundaries of something.

Example:  Love has the power to transcend cultural differences, connecting people from diverse backgrounds on a fundamental level.

• Infrastructural:  Relating to the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.

Example:  Developing countries often struggle with infrastructural challenges such as inadequate roads, electricity, and telecommunications networks.

• Adaptability:  The ability to adjust to new conditions or changes.

Example:  The success of a species often depends on its adaptability to environmental changes over time.

• Timelessness:  Not affected by the passage of time or changes in fashion.

Example:  Classic literature possesses a timelessness that resonates with readers across generations.

• Ubiquity:  The state or capacity of being everywhere, especially at the same time; omnipresence.

Example:  Social media’s ubiquity in modern life has transformed how people interact and share information.

• Paradigm shift:  A fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimental practices of a scientific discipline.

Example:  The Copernican Revolution marked a paradigm shift in astronomy, challenging the geocentric view of the universe.

• Enduring:  Continuing or long-lasting.

Example:  Despite the rise of digital photography, film photography maintains an enduring appeal for enthusiasts who appreciate its unique aesthetic.

Connectors That’ll Improve Your Writing Task 2 Score For The Topic ‘There Have Been Many Inventions in Human History Such as the Wheel’

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• Furthermore
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• In addition
• Nevertheless
• On the other hand
• Nonetheless
• Consequently
• In conclusion

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Posted on Dec 11, 2023

My essay on the topic: There have been many inventions in human history, such as the wheel. Some people think the most important thing is the internet. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

During the whole human’s history people invent different things, which help him and improve human’s life. In each period of time there was its special invention such as a wheel, a steam engine, an agricultural machine and even the Internet. All modern inventions such as the Internet, the AI, an electric car, etc. are connected with previous one. For example If hadn’t invented a wheel we wouldn’t have had an electric car. For another example if hadn’t invented a steam press people wouldn’t have had books so they wouldn’t have had an opportunity to study and to get new knowledge. Today the Internet might be the most significant invention for some people but it wasn’t in the past. The Internet was created in 1980s but in that time it meant nothing for everyone except army. I suppose in that time a personal computer could be the most considerable invention but not the Internet. Now certainly it helps us to do huge things easily. We are working from home, shopping at foreign e-markets, keeping in touch with people from other countries. All of this we can do via the Internet. Tomorrow someone will invent a new thing which become the most important invention. For instance it will be a capsule that person to lay in to cure all illnesses simultaneously. Such as a thing in science fiction movies about the Space. Therefore I don’t agree with these people. To answer the topic question I would say: «Now maybe it is. In the past, it wasn’t definitely. In the future, it will be possible or not who knows.

IELTS Expert

Posted on Dec 12, 2023

Overall Band: 5 Organisation is evident but is not wholly logical and there is a lack of overall progression. Nevertheless, there is a sense of underlying coherence to the response. Punctuation is faulty at places and more range of grammatical expressions are required to be added.

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Sindhu-guntaka

Posted on Nov 14, 2023

In the history of man-kind there are plethora of inventions like bicycles, water-filters, healthcare products which made everyone’s life easy and promising. However, many believe that the foremost innovation among all is the internet and this contentious topic has been profoundly debated in several forums. I totally disagree with this opinion because every creation has its own significance in human life and internet is unreliable source. I will reason my stance meticulously before implicating a rational conclusion.

Throwing weight behind my view, although internet is the major development many believe that it is not the life changing one as there are plenty of issues that individuals have to tackle in their day to day life beforehand which are resolved by revolutionary inventions such as purified water, medicines which are essential in this modern era due to numerous environmental and lifestyle factors of humans. For instance, during the unexpected coronavirus pandemic, the invention of prophylactic vaccine saved many lives by developing the immune system in a way to restrain from virus attack. Moreover, the net does not give the appropriate information as anyone can upload and modify the information which results in panic situations in the society spreading of false information.

Juxtaposed to my view, others believe that the world wide web is significant creation than any other on this planet because it provides information instantly which is time-saving. Furthermore, cyberspace helps people to stay connected with family, friends and loved ones. For example, the students who are studying or living abroad can make virtual calls to their parents using internet operated skype or instagram applications, however this is a limited benefit but not crucial as there are countries who do not have basic needs to survive such as filtered water and healthcare.

In conclusion, this essay disagrees with the opinion that the internet is a vital invention although it has its importance in developed nations. To reiterate that there are many other discoveries and creations that society needed indeed than internet.

Posted on Nov 15, 2023

Overall Band : 6.5 Main ideas are extended and supported but there is a lack of focus and precision in supporting ideas.A few errors in grammar persist, but these do not impede communication, thus user needs to be more careful with the grammar. To enhance your writing skills, you can avail a Free Writing Class with our band 9 Expert Trainer.

Posted on Nov 2, 2021

Human history has been filled with inventions, which have certainly eased the hardships faced by mankind. And some people consider internet to be the most beneficial of them all. I totally agree with this. Two arguments in support of this view and a counter argument are presented below, along with conclusion.

Internet has contributed to global connectivity. This has facilitated globalization as businesses are now able to operate overseas, and manage their operations remotely. For instance, numerous MNCs employ staff from developing countries, such as India, and enable staff to control operations in a foreign country. It is undeniable that this ease of operating in several countries simultaneously, has been turned into reality by internet. Therefore, if internet was not available, the world would be isolated and with limited trade.

Moreover, internet provides us with solutions to the innumerable problems that we face. It enables children to learn various aspects while being at home. Previously, this was not possible. For examples, schools nowadays, send assignments to children on e-mail and many teaching sessions can be conducted online. There are a plethora of courses available online. And we would not have been able to benefit from it if internet had not existed. So, internet is indispensable because of it’s wide range of uses in the modern world.

However, the usage of internet has several cons. Although internet provides numerous advantages to us, one should be cautious while using it. This is predominantly because of a surge in cyber crime, existence of malware and viruses, which can disrupt the functioning of our system and steal confidential data. There has been a rise in antivirus softwares, but this alone is not sufficient to curb the danger of sensitive data theft. So, it is imperative that we exercise caution with it’s usage.

In conclusion, internet has become an essential part of our life. It has proved this by enabling globalization and providing several other uses. It will not be wrong to say that this world would be a different place to live without internet.

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Advantages and disadvantages of modern inventions essay IELTS 7 band

In this lesson, you will find IELTS writing task 2 essay and answer “Advantages and disadvantages of modern inventions essay IELTS 7 band”

You should spend about  40  minutes on this task.

The modern invention brings many disadvantage to society, do you agree or disagree? You should write at least  250  words.

Advantages and disadvantages of modern inventions essay IELTS 7 band sample answer

The evolution in science has picked up pace like never before, now a days we are inundated with the new inventions which promise to be the best so far and make our lives better but at the same time there are quite a few people who argue that new inventions have caused more problems to us by making us totally materialistic in approach with utter disrespect for human values. They opine that these so called new inventions have made the pace of life extremely fast and have not left any leisure time for us to enjoy.

It is undoubtedly true that modern inventions have brought lot of benefits to our society and these inventions have made our lives better, its hard to imagine how life would be without these inventions such as mobile phone and internet which allow us to remain connected with whole world the entire time, the wealth of invaluable information on every conceivable topic is available at the touch of few buttons using internet. It has also allowed little known people to be heard all over the world by integrating social media. These are just a few examples of how well modern inventions have served us and this list is countless. Therefore, it is easy to conclude that modern inventions have served us really very and helped us evolve over these years.

Conversely modern inventions have also brought their own set of problems to us for example because of fast pace of life our lives have become more stressful as pressure to achieve more is takes heavy toll on our life it has brought to the fore many diseases unheard of, furthermore easy availability has made us lazy and aloof as gadgets have taken over the place of leisure time. Also excessive use of social media over internet is waste of time that could have been used for other meaningful activities.

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Inventors And Inventions Essay & Paragraph In English

In this article you can read a brief paragraphs essay about inventors and inventions. I hope you will find following composition a meaningful for all class students.

The process of creating something new that has value is known as invention. This could be a new product , a new process, or a new way of doing something. Taking what already exists and making it better, faster, or cheaper is a common method of invention.

Table of Contents

500 Words Paragraph Inventions

Individual inventors’ hard work and dedication have resulted in many great inventions. These inventors are frequently enthusiastic about their work and devote a significant amount of time to developing their concepts. Thomas Edison, who invented the light bulb, and Eli Whitney, who invented the cotton gin, are two well-known inventors.

Individuals do not, however, create all inventions. Sometimes groups of people collaborate to create new products or processes. The Wright brothers, for example, were not the only people involved in the development of the first airplane. They had a team of people who helped them with their ideas and prototypes.

Inventions have transformed society as we know it, making life easier and more efficient for people. Some inventions, such as cell phones and televisions, have changed the world so dramatically that they have become an essential part of everyone’s daily lives. Inventions improve our lives in a variety of ways, including improved health care, transportation, communication , and more!

As you can see, great inventors create some of the most important things in life. People make the world go round by creating new things that benefit everyone, whether they do so alone or as part of a team. Whether it is cute cat videos on YouTube, an app to help you hail a Left, or even a good old- fashioned light bulb inventions have improved our lives!

What do they imply? Is not invention the process of creating something new and valuable? Is this to say that anything goes?

No way, no how. For example, if I went outside right now and made fire out of thin air, I would be creating something new, but it would be worthless, so it would not be an invention. Something must be valuable to someone in order to meet the definition of invention. It could be value to the creator, such as a new toy they created for themselves, or value to others, such as a new medical procedure that saves lives. Creating things that are useful and valuable to someone is what invention is all about.

Who was the inventor of the light bulb? The light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison. He spent a lot of time working on different versions of the light bulb and came up with the idea of using electricity to power lights.

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Tooth brush, safety pin, fountain pen, pencil, plastic and soon. We take these things for granted and never bother to find who first made them. They have become inseparable part of our lives, they are some of the simple inventions, yet very useful and purposeful.

The ancient Chinese made tooth brushes with bristles of wild boars and tooth brushes were also found in the pyramids of ancient Egypt. William Addis of England created the first toothbrush. Walter Hunt invented the safety pin, Lewis waterman created the first practical fountain pen, pencils were made in England but Frenchman, Nicolas Conte developed the process used to make pencils and Synthetic Plastic was invented by Leo Hedrick Baeland and so on.

It was Man’s need and curiosity which led to most of the inventions. Of course, some of inventions were accidentally built or made. Most of the initial inventions were simple devices which helped humans to do simple work. Today we call them simple machines. They act like extensions of our hands.

Some of the inventions which have been life-changing are basic, important inventions. For example, ‘The invention of Wheel’. This brought huge changes and put man on the road to civilization. It’s the result of work of many men. Man must have been a tool user some 1.000000 years ago. And thousands of years went by until he made a wheel. This invention of man is the most original invention. and important to the growth of technology, even today. Many other inventions changed our lives.

Inventions, some were the result of continuous search, study, experiments, trial and errors. It took a long time of ban] work and perseverance. Sometimes, most of wonders existing today were even ridiculed or ignored when first made and tested. The invention of light bulb (1879) by Edison was result of hard work of many years though the idea was fifty years old. Two other scientists also tried to bring it out. Edison improved and was successful. Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright made the first successful flight on December 17, 1903 and it was photographed by an attendant persuaded by the brothers. Few realized its importance and this historic event was ignored by the press and not published.

Today, some of the inventions are improved versions of basic inventions. to make our life more comfortable and easy. They are developed from the basic or simple inventions which accumulated over the years.

Right from cavemen to modern man, Man’s inventive mind has created and developed things which changed the world. Today, we can’t imagine a day without these innovative creations-ideas turned into reality, our lives transforming every year, and still waiting for the next new thing to happen.

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Write about an invention that has changed your life

IELTS essay Write about an invention that has changed your life

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Opinion Dogs are our greatest creation. And we might be theirs.

Tommy Tomlinson is the author of “ Dogland .” He lives in Charlotte with his wife, her mother and a cat named Jack Reacher.

The dog is humankind’s greatest invention. The wheel, the lightbulb, concrete — all amazing. Top of the line. But nothing in human creation has been as essential and adaptable as the countless descendants of the ancient gray wolf.

How did we do it? I spent three years following the traveling carnival of American dog shows — like a Grateful Dead tour with Milk-Bones — in search of the answer. My journey culminated in the dog world’s most prestigious event: the Westminster Dog Show. Show dogs are bred from the purest stock, culled from litters at just a few weeks old, trained with the dedication of Olympic gymnasts — and groomed like supermodels. They’d be unrecognizable to their ancient kin — and to ours.

The American Kennel Club, arbiter of bloodlines, now recognizes about 200 breeds, while tracking crossbreeds like goldendoodles, and even mutts. From the most massive mastiff to the tiniest teacup chihuahua, all dogs trace back to the same common ancestors.

Scientists think this weird and powerful companionship of humans and dogs might have started somewhere between 15,000 and 30,000 years ago. Humans of that era were mainly hunters traveling in camps. They ate meat by the fire. The cooking meat attracted wolves who were drawn to the aroma but stayed safely out of range of the flames. Every so often, a human would fling a bone into the darkness. The wolves gnawed on the bones. They trailed the humans to the next campsite, still keeping their distance. There was an unspoken arrangement. The wolves alerted the humans to intruders, and the humans fed the wolves well.

Over time the wolves crept closer. One fateful night a curious wolf came all the way into the firelight. The humans didn’t chase it off.

Slowly, the humans mingled with the wolves. After days or months or generations or centuries, a wolf curled up at a human’s feet. Maybe got its belly rubbed. That was the first dog.

As far as we can tell, dogs are the first animals that humans ever tamed. The wolves that hung out with humans found themselves changing inside and out. They developed shorter muzzles and smaller teeth. Their instinct to run became a desire to stay close. With time, dogs were manufactured through breeding to meet different human needs. We made huskies to pull sleds and Newfoundlands to pull fish nets and dachshunds to catch badgers.

Dogs taught humans the early science of designer genes. In the mid-19th century, as we moved off the farm and into the factory, we created dogs we could bring indoors at the end of a workday. And we created dogs we could bring to work: French bulldogs (now the most popular breed in America ) started out as literal lap dogs for lace-makers in France. We molded dogs to be friends, companions, playmates and unofficial therapists.

So dogs are not just humanity’s greatest invention but also its longest-running experiment.

That’s one way to look at it.

Now switch out the frame. Swap the subject and the object. Change the verbs.

Here’s another view:

Around the time early humans evolved, Neanderthals also walked the planet. At some point — roughly 40,000 years ago — humans started to thrive while Neanderthals died off. And this is about the time when those first curious wolves began to evolve into dogs. Some scientists believe the timing is not a coincidence. Maybe the dog was the key advantage in the triumph of humankind.

Dogs enabled humans to settle down and stop their endless wandering. Dogs protected humans at this vulnerable transition from nomadic to settled life. Dogs did work that humans did not have the strength or stamina to do: guarding, herding, hunting, pulling sleds. They created time for humans to build and think and create without having to focus every moment on the next meal or the next threat.

We domesticated dogs, and they domesticated us.

Today, dogs provide not just companionship but also an uncomplicated kind of love in an ever more complicated world. And for those restless souls wandering from town to town, chasing job after job — nomads again — a dog can be an anchor, something to hold on to on a lonely night.

From the gray wolf by the ancient fire to a coifed Pomeranian prancing around the show ring, dogs have been with us nearly as long as we have been human.

They might be our greatest creation. And we might be theirs.

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Let’s face it. Everything we do – everything – will be changed by AI. From the major things that make life on this planet what it is to the trivial things that make living on this planet what it is, nothing will escape the changes AI brings.

Ever since I realized and declared, nine years ago, that AI will be the greatest, most profound transformation that humans will ever have experienced, I’ve seen the reactions to that statement transform as well.

At first it was innocent ignorance (“AI. What’s that?”) while the few people who knew a thing or two knew not much more, and Chat GPT hadn’t changed that yet through popular usage.

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NPR editor Uri Berliner resigns with blast at new CEO

David Folkenflik

Uri Berliner resigned from NPR on Wednesday saying he could not work under the new CEO Katherine Maher. He cautioned that he did not support calls to defund NPR. Uri Berliner hide caption

Uri Berliner resigned from NPR on Wednesday saying he could not work under the new CEO Katherine Maher. He cautioned that he did not support calls to defund NPR.

NPR senior business editor Uri Berliner resigned this morning, citing the response of the network's chief executive to his outside essay accusing NPR of losing the public's trust.

"I am resigning from NPR, a great American institution where I have worked for 25 years," Berliner wrote in an email to CEO Katherine Maher. "I respect the integrity of my colleagues and wish for NPR to thrive and do important journalism. But I cannot work in a newsroom where I am disparaged by a new CEO whose divisive views confirm the very problems at NPR I cite in my Free Press essay."

NPR and Maher declined to comment on his resignation.

The Free Press, an online site embraced by journalists who believe that the mainstream media has become too liberal, published Berliner's piece last Tuesday. In it, he argued that NPR's coverage has increasingly reflected a rigid progressive ideology. And he argued that the network's quest for greater diversity in its workforce — a priority under prior chief executive John Lansing – has not been accompanied by a diversity of viewpoints presented in NPR shows, podcasts or online coverage.

Later that same day, NPR pushed back against Berliner's critique.

"We're proud to stand behind the exceptional work that our desks and shows do to cover a wide range of challenging stories," NPR's chief news executive, Edith Chapin, wrote in a memo to staff . "We believe that inclusion — among our staff, with our sourcing, and in our overall coverage — is critical to telling the nuanced stories of this country and our world."

Yet Berliner's commentary has been embraced by conservative and partisan Republican critics of the network, including former President Donald Trump and the activist Christopher Rufo.

Rufo is posting a parade of old social media posts from Maher, who took over NPR last month. In two examples, she called Trump a racist and also seemed to minimize the effects of rioting in 2020. Rufo is using those to rally public pressure for Maher's ouster, as he did for former Harvard University President Claudine Gay .

Others have used the moment to call for the elimination of federal funding for NPR – less than one percent of its roughly $300 million annual budget – and local public radio stations, which derive more of their funding from the government.

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Berliner reiterated in his resignation letter that he does not support such calls.

In a brief interview, he condemned a statement Maher issued Friday in which she suggested that he had questioned "whether our people are serving our mission with integrity, based on little more than the recognition of their identity." She called that "profoundly disrespectful, hurtful, and demeaning."

Berliner subsequently exchanged emails with Maher, but she did not address those comments.

"It's been building up," Berliner said of his decision to resign, "and it became clear it was on today."

For publishing his essay in The Free Press and appearing on its podcast, NPR had suspended Berliner for five days without pay. Its formal rebuke noted he had done work outside NPR without its permission, as is required, and shared proprietary information.

(Disclosure: Like Berliner, I am part of NPR's Business Desk. He has edited many of my past stories. But he did not see any version of this article or participate in its preparation before it was posted publicly.)

Earlier in the day, Berliner forwarded to NPR editors and other colleagues a note saying he had "never questioned" their integrity and had been trying to raise these issues within the newsroom for more than seven years.

What followed was an email he had sent to newsroom leaders after Trump's 2016 win. He wrote then: "Primarily for the sake of our journalism, we can't align ourselves with a tribe. So we don't exist in a cocoon that blinds us to the views and experience of tens of millions of our fellow citizens."

Berliner's critique has inspired anger and dismay within the network. Some colleagues said they could no longer trust him after he chose to publicize such concerns rather than pursue them as part of ongoing newsroom debates, as is customary. Many signed a letter to Maher and Edith Chapin, NPR's chief news executive. They asked for clarity on, among other things, how Berliner's essay and the resulting public controversy would affect news coverage.

Yet some colleagues privately said Berliner's critique carried some truth. Chapin also announced monthly reviews of the network's coverage for fairness and diversity - including diversity of viewpoint.

She said in a text message earlier this week that that initiative had been discussed long before Berliner's essay, but "Now seemed [the] time to deliver if we were going to do it."

She added, "Healthy discussion is something we need more of."

Disclosure: This story was reported and written by NPR Media Correspondent David Folkenflik and edited by Deputy Business Editor Emily Kopp and Managing Editor Gerry Holmes. Under NPR's protocol for reporting on itself, no NPR corporate official or news executive reviewed this story before it was posted publicly.

• Katherine Maher
• uri berliner

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Subscriber only, sponsored content | best essay writing services: review and comparison of top-rated websites.

Reputable service, one of the best sites on the market;

All content is written from scratch by professionals;

No need to provide a lot of personal information, you can stay anonymous;

Reasonable price, great value for money.

Even though all papers that PaperHelp delivers are plagiarism-free, a plagiarism report costs extra;

Urgent orders with short deadlines (3-6 hours) can get expensive.

I’ve used PaperHelp a few times when I’ve been swamped with schoolwork and deadlines were creeping up. It’s a solid option if you’re looking for reliable essay writing services. They offer original content and make sure your papers are free from plagiarism, which is crucial for scoring well.

Their system is straightforward. You don’t need to contact customer support to place an order. You simply choose from three levels of professional essay writers — Basic, Advanced, or TOP — depending on your needs and budget. The starting price is $10 per page, and they can deliver within a minimum of three hours. However, adding extra features can increase the cost significantly, so it’s wise to consider whether you really need those extras.

PaperHelp’s policies are a big plus. They have a money-back guarantee, and you can ask for revisions and proofreading to refine your paper. This has been helpful in ensuring the final product meets my expectations.

One downside is that you have to create an account to make a purchase. It seems unnecessary and a bit annoying, especially since this is common with many online essay writing services — they end up sending you endless promotions.

Despite this, I found the quality of their work to be consistently high. It’s important to double-check and spell-check the work you receive, though, as errors can sometimes slip through.

Overall, PaperHelp is a dependable choice. It won’t replace studying or writing your own papers, but it’s a great help when you’re in a bind. If you’re browsing through Reddit for recommendations, you’ll likely come across positive reviews about them, and from my experience, they’re well-deserved.

2.  BBQPapers  — Best for Complex Assignments

BBQPapers is all about the quality. The company prides itself in writing college papers with professional paper writers that deliver best results on the market;

The company never misses deadlines, you can be sure to receive your order on time, just when you need it;

Free revisions are available 10 days after delivery.

There’s no quick price calculator to get an order estimate, you have to sign up to get the final price;

BBQPapers is somewhat more expensive than most professional essay writing services on this list.

I’ve had my share of experiences with essay writing services, and BBQPapers stands out when it comes to handling complex assignments. They have a team ready to take on papers of any difficulty, and you can even order presentations. Their support is available around the clock, ensuring that you get the best possible grades.

Their prices are pretty reasonable too. High school papers start at $5.85 per 100 words, college papers at $6.77, and PhD-level work begins at $10.64. Every order promises original, plagiarism-free content, thoroughly researched and well-cited, plus you get a free plagiarism report.

Quality control is tight, and each paper is reviewed by a trained editor to ensure error-free results. So, quality isn’t something you’ll need to worry about with them.

Now, understanding their pricing is straightforward. It depends on the academic level, urgency, and length of your paper. Simpler and less urgent tasks cost less, while detailed and urgent ones will naturally cost more. Unlike other essay writing websites that charge by the page, BBQPapers charges by every 100 words, which can make them more expensive. However, they justify their prices with the quality of professional college essay writers they hire.

In summary, while they might be pricier, the quality and service at BBQPapers are top-notch, and they’ve earned a loyal following for it.

3.  SpeedyPaper  — Best Research Paper Writing Service

Good quality, finding a professional essay writer is a matter of minutes, even if your subject is quite peculiar;

There’s no need to pay for a plagiarism report, it is free;

Lots of positive reviews on Reddit.

Finding an ENL essay writer can be quite hard, because SpeedyPaper mostly works with ESL essay writers.

I’ve had some experience with SpeedyPaper, a well-known online essay writing service. They’re pretty good at what they do, focusing on quick turnarounds and maintaining quality. Their services are broad, covering everything from essay writing and proofreading to solving complex problems and even crafting dissertations.

Their pricing is straightforward: starting at $9 for a basic 275-word piece, it can climb to $99 for an urgent six-hour deadline task. For example, a three-page research paper needed in six hours costs $96, but if you give them 24 hours, the price drops to $75.

SpeedyPaper also offers free essay samples on a variety of subjects like Law, Psychology, and Finance, which is a real lifesaver if you’re trying to write a paper on your own and have some time to spare.

The general consensus online seems to agree that SpeedyPaper is reliable and steady—qualities you want in a professional paper writing service that handles your academic needs. They don’t try to dazzle with flashy gimmicks, they just consistently deliver solid work.

From my interactions, the importance of clear communication is clear. When you place an order, you’ll work directly with a writer. It’s crucial to give them all the details up front to ensure the final product meets your expectations. This can really smooth out the whole process.

And while there are loads of glowing reviews on their main page, take it with a grain of salt—no essay writing service online can please everyone, and it’s normal for there to be a mix of opinions.

But if you need a reliable service without over-the-top pricing, SpeedyPaper might just do the trick. They seem to manage well by hiring competent and experienced writers in regions where the cost of living is lower, benefiting everyone involved.

4.  EssayPro  — Best College Paper Writing Service

Good quality, great value for money;

Unlike other sites on this list, EssayPro allows you to choose the best essay writer yourself by browsing through dozens of writers’ profiles;

Direct communication with the chosen professional;

Free essay originality report available.

Finding an online essay writer for your task can be a time-consuming process.

I recently used EssayPro, an essay writing service that really stands out because of its commitment to quality and originality in everything from college essays to academic research. It’s a great help for students who need support with writing, rewriting, editing, or proofreading their assignments.

EssayPro is a cheap essay writing service that serves students across all academic levels, as well as professionals looking for quick, reliable results. Their team includes specialized professionals with diverse expertise, ensuring that every paper is expertly handled.

You can pick your own essay writer, chat directly with them, and place orders at reasonable prices. They promise a stress-free process with top-notch customer support and deliver quality work fast—sometimes in as little as six hours.

Additionally, EssayPro offers a range of services like case studies, dissertations, and business plans, among others. They provide unique perks like a free originality report, guaranteed anonymity, 24/7 support, and unlimited revisions.

From my experience, what really sets them apart is their transparent approach. You can view detailed profiles of their essay writers online and choose who you want to work with based on a flexible bidding system. This flexibility extends to their pricing, making it easier to work within your budget—unless you’re after the most sought-after professional essay writers, as their fees can go up with demand.

If you’re good at academic writing and looking for freelance opportunities, EssayPro might be worth considering. They manage to keep their rates competitive by handling a large volume of work.

The design of the website is clear and easy to navigate, with a pleasing aesthetic and a straightforward interface. It’s definitely a reliable choice for anyone needing academic writing help.

5.  ExpertWriting  — Best for Discounts and Bonuses

Reasonable price, good quality;

Great discounts for regular customers, good choice for resellers.

The company doesn’t clearly communicate the fact that some disciplines can cost more than others;

Customer service couldn’t be more responsive.

I’ve used ExpertWriting for various academic assignments, and I’ve found it to be a reliable service. This platform offers a variety of academic writing services, including essay writing, research papers, term papers, and coursework, as well as editing and proofreading to improve your essays.

The process is straightforward. You submit your assignment details, and they quote a rate. If you agree, you gain access to their pool of essay writers and editors who can assist with your writing needs. You’ll receive your completed work by the deadline you set.

ExpertWriting is known for being affordable, which is great for students on a budget. They are often recommended on platforms like Reddit as a cost-effective option without compromising on quality. They also offer discounts for bulk orders, which can help save even more.

I’d particularly recommend ExpertWriting if you’re pressed for time. We’ve all been there—needing to complete a solid piece of academic work in a rush. While their prices go up for tighter deadlines, they manage them well. For example, they can deliver work in as little as three hours, though for more complex papers, more time will naturally be required.

However, it’s wise not to expect miracles for extremely short deadlines, especially for lengthy papers. For a more realistic turnaround, an eight-hour deadline is doable for them without sacrificing the quality too much.

Pricing on ExpertWriting is reasonable. For a less urgent two-week deadline, you’ll pay around $11 per page, which can increase depending on the urgency, academic level, and length of your paper. This is pretty standard across most professional writing services.

Lastly, they don’t just handle essays. You can get help with almost any type of academic writing, including research proposals, creative writing assignments, cover letters, and literature reviews. It’s a versatile platform that can meet various academic needs.

6.  ExtraEssay  — Best Customer Service

Affordable prices and good quality;

Free, unlimited revisions for 10 days after order delivery;

Exceptional customer service, the customer support team is always ready to help anytime.

Sometimes ExtraEssay fails to meet customers’ deadlines.

I’ve been turning to ExtraEssay for my academic writing needs for a couple of years now, and they’ve been a reliable resource ever since they started up about seven years ago. Their focus is clear—they prioritize attention to detail, reliability, and professionalism.

They offer a broad spectrum of about 20 services, primarily catering to students. You can get anything from basic essays to more specialized documents like resumes and cover letters, all tailored to meet your needs.

What really sets ExtraEssay apart for me is their competitive pricing. It’s rare to find such affordable rates without compromising on quality. The essays and support you receive are absolutely top-tier. Speaking of support, their customer service is remarkable. I’ve had several interactions with their team, and each time they were exceptionally helpful and knowledgeable.

Navigating their website is a breeze too. The homepage is packed with useful information, making it easy for anyone to understand their offerings right off the bat. From a handy price calculator to detailed descriptions of the ordering process, everything is laid out to ensure a smooth user experience.

They don’t just cater to experienced users, and newcomers will find themselves comfortably making their way through the site. They’ve also detailed essential features like free revisions and continuous customer support, which have been lifesavers for me on more than one occasion.

With thousands of clients each year and an 85% return rate, it’s clear they’re doing something right. Their commitment to their customers really shows through in every aspect of their service.

7.  GradeMinders  — Best for Quick Turnaround

Reputable company, solid and consistent quality;

The fastest college essay service on the market (1-hour turnaround time available);

Finding a writer during crunch season might be time-consuming.

GradeMiners is more expensive than most essay writing sites in the industry.

I’ve been using GradeMiners for a while now, and I have to say, they offer a solid service at a fair price. A high school essay runs about $16 per page, and a college paper is $18 per page. They offer a wide array of professional academic writing services beyond just essays; you can get help with everything from presentations and book reviews to lab reports and dissertations.

The process is straightforward: you go to their website, pick your subject, set your deadline, and the professional writers take it from there. They assure that your paper will be completely original and plagiarism-free, which is crucial.

One of the standout features is their speedy delivery. If you’re pressed for time, you can get a college paper done within an hour—as long as it’s not too long. This frees you up to concentrate on other things that might need more of your attention or are more appealing to you.

8. EssayTerritory — Best New Essay Writing Company

Good quality, fair price;

Great loyalty program, good choice for students who are looking to use this site regularly;

Exceptional customer service.

No sample essays available;

Plagiarism report doesn’t come for free;

Expensive extras.

I recently tried out EssayTerritory, a new but promising college paper writing service. It was easy to find an essay writer that matched my specific needs, and the platform has a roster of over 800 active paper writers. They’ve already completed more than 1300 orders, which is impressive for a newcomer.

What stands out most about EssayTerritory is their 98% satisfaction rate. It seems they really know how to please their customers, as about 85% of users return for more academic papers. They offer a plagiarism-free guarantee like many top essay writing services, and they’ll give you a full refund if they miss your deadline or if your work contains plagiarism.

You can order various assignments from them—essays, research papers, case studies, term papers, dissertations, and even help with presentations or speeches if that’s what you need. They also provide proofreading and editing services.

Privacy and confidentiality are top priorities for them. They ensure that every “write my essay” request is kept anonymous and your personal details are secure. They have robust measures in place to prevent any data leaks. This level of security gave me a lot of confidence in using their essay writer service.

FAQs About Best Paper Writing Services

Should i trust essay writing service reviews.

Trusting essay writing service reviews can be tricky. Unfortunately, some companies that offer a custom essay writing service also operate fake review sites to maintain a positive online reputation. This means you need to be cautious about where you look for reviews.

For more reliable information, it’s better to use independent review platforms like SiteJabber and Reviews.io. These sites are generally more trustworthy because they’re not directly affiliated with any essay writing services.

However, even with these platforms, it’s wise to approach reviews with a critical eye. Some dedicated essay writing review sites might have biases or hidden motives, so take their recommendations with skepticism and always cross-reference multiple sources if possible.

How long does it take to have my essay written for me?

Essay writers generally focus on producing high-quality work, and the time it takes to write an essay largely depends on its length. For a standard 275-word essay, the average turnaround is about 3 hours. Most essay writing services strive to meet these deadlines consistently.

If you’re in a rush and your deadline is just a few hours away, you can opt for a premium service. This usually involves having several top-rated writers collaborate to deliver your essay in about half the standard time.

It’s worth noting that the best college paper writing services might experience delays during peak times when demand is high. Typically, they recommend giving writers at least six hours to complete an essay. If you’re willing to pay extra, your order can be prioritized to ensure a faster delivery.

For more complex assignments like thesis papers or extensive research projects, the process can take up to five days. Writers often submit a partial draft by the second day for client feedback, allowing any revisions to be included in the final submission by day five.

Will my essay be written by a professional essay writer?

Picking a reliable essay writing website is crucial for ensuring the safety, confidentiality, and quality of the service.

When hiring writers, most companies put them through a rigorous vetting process. They typically require that writers have native or near-native proficiency in the language they’ll be writing in, along with a relevant degree from an accredited university.

Once hired, these writers undergo further training on the platform to polish their linguistic and formatting skills. They only start working on actual assignments once their writing meets the company’s professional standards.

The best writing services take extra steps to maintain high-quality standards. For example, every piece of work is checked by a moderator before it goes to the client. Writers are also provided with ongoing opportunities to enhance their skills within the company’s supportive environment.

The person who is labeled as a premium paper writer often has more experience and higher qualifications, like a Ph.D., and at least two years of writing experience. While their services cost a bit more, the quality they deliver usually makes the investment worthwhile.

Is using a paper writing service confidential and safe?

The internet is a vast resource where people often share their knowledge, which is a huge help, especially for college students working on their homework. It’s also completely legal and secure to purchase essays and custom papers online if you need them. However, it’s crucial to choose a reputable provider to avoid issues like plagiarism or low-quality work, which could waste your time, money, and effort.

I’ve found that doing your homework on these services is essential. Make sure to look at the company’s refund policy in case you’re not satisfied with their work, and confirm that they’ll keep your school’s name confidential. It’s also a good idea to check reviews of their past work to see if it’s well-written and structurally sound.

From my experience, as long as you do this research beforehand, buying essays online can be a safe option that keeps your details private. Just be vigilant to avoid scams.

What if I’m not satisfied with my paper?

Most top-rated essay writing companies strive to deliver excellent quality, because they want their customers to come back. They have skilled writers who are well-versed in various academic tasks, including essays, lab reports, and research papers. They work hard to produce top-quality work.

If there are any issues with the finished product, these services usually offer free revisions until you’re satisfied with the quality. Client satisfaction is a high priority for these companies, driven by stiff market competition. The goal is to deliver a flawless paper that helps you achieve a high grade.

What are the main drawbacks of using essay writing services?

For many students, using essay writing services is considered a luxury, primarily because the reputable ones that offer great reviews, unlimited revisions, and maintain confidentiality tend to be more expensive. Opting for cheap essay writing services often means risking quality and reliability, especially when it comes to meeting deadlines.

Plagiarism is another serious issue. Both intentional and unintentional plagiarism can occur, particularly with services that don’t carefully vet their writers. Sometimes, clients don’t discover the plagiarism until it’s too late to rewrite the paper and meet their deadline.

Moreover, if an essay writing company lacks a quality control team, the work submitted by writers might be subpar, filled with typos and grammatical errors. Some writers might also resist feedback, making it hard to get the necessary revisions to ensure the essay meets your standards.

Who will write my work and what determines the price?

Your assignment will be handled by writers with diverse backgrounds. Some are full-time professionals dedicated solely to writing, while others are former academics who’ve embraced the flexibility of working from home. There are also those who write as a side job.

Regarding pricing, we’ve discussed the main factors in our article: the length of the assignment, its complexity, and the deadline. Another element influencing cost is the location of the company. Businesses based in regions like Eastern Europe, North Africa, and Central Asia often have lower rates because the cost of living is lower there, making the dollar stretch further.

Comparison of the Top Paper Writing Services

#1. paperhelp 🏅.

Academic papers written from scratch by writers with Ph.D. and Master’s degrees;

No need to provide any personal information;

Reasonable price, great quality, plagiarism-free papers.

#2. BBQPapers 🥈

Premium quality, best writers in the industry;

On-time delivery guarantee, even on rush orders;

Free revisions.

#3. EssayPro 🥉

Good quality at a reasonable price (ENL writers);

Free plagiarism report;

Good reputation.

Best Essay Services: Conclusion

Working with a professional essay writing service is important not only for the quality of the work you’ll receive but also for the security of your personal details. Many students turn to these services when they’re pressed for time and need to complete their academic tasks—there’s nothing wrong with this approach.

Today, numerous legitimate essay writing services uphold high standards of academic integrity and deliver plagiarism-free papers. These paper writing websites are generally affordable for most students, although there are some exceptions.

Before placing an order, it’s important to do your homework. Check the company’s reviews, find out if it offers a refund policy, and look into its track record on past projects. A reliable service will prioritize your confidentiality, which is a vital consideration.

The news and editorial staff of the Santa Cruz Sentinel had no role in this post’s preparation. This is a paid advertisement and does not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Santa Cruz Sentinel, its employees, or subsidiaries.

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