aiou assignment code 1423 spring 2022

Compulsory English-I Code 1423 Assignments of Spring 2022

Aiou compulsory english-i code 1423 assignments of ba class spring 2022.

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AIOU Compulsory English-I Code 1423

There are 2 assignments for this course. you will find all the assignments below. اس کورس کی 2 اسائنمنٹ ہیں آپ کو سب اسائنمنٹ نیچے مل جائے گی۔, aiou compulsory english-i code 1423 assignment number 1.

AIOU Compulsory English-I Code 1423 Assignment Number 2

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1. Allama Iqbal Open University ASSIGNMENTS :-

First and foremost Assignments are an essential part of the students. Because this plays a very important role. Moreove r , you can’t clear your semester without assignments. Most Importantly send your assignments in time. However, you can not pass exams without assignments. In other words, your attendance in exams is wasteless.

2. Assignments Recommendation:-

You will be considered to fail without submitting your assignment. In other words, even if you get 95% marks in the examination you will be considered as fail. If you clear your assignments, you have the chance to appear in the examination. Therefore you can have 3 attempts to appear.

Following are the passing marks of each assignment

1st Assignment must have at least 50% marks.
2nd Assignment must have at least 50% marks.

In contrast, subjects having 2 assignments follow the above same percentage.

Above All AIOU Master Academy strives to help AIOU students. Moreover, we provide exam preparation notes like Key books , Guess papers , and 5 years papers.

3. Academy Mission:-

First of all our mission is to educate our young generation. Secondly Academy tries its best to build civilized and sophisticated mankind in our country. besides, we are not indulged in any kind of miscellaneous activity that detracts students to take any shortcut in their education. subsequently, we always promote legal education as a priority, as well as help students self-learning and build skills to perform best in their future.

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Our basic earning is by selling hardcopy notes like Key books , Guess papers , and 5 years’ Papers to students at a very reasonable price. The Academy doesn’t earn by providing any kind of consultancy services. We assist students on Call or WhatsApp nor do we have premium support like others to earn money from needy students.

5. Free Notes:-

We also provide free Guess Papers , 5 Years Papers , and Soft Copy of Assignments to students on our website. Assignments are only available on the website for guidelines and awareness about the conten t and pattern of related courses.

6. Online Earning:-

Despite this, our earnings are from the internet, YouTube , and Google . Similarly, They pay us because of the ads they publish on our YouTube channel or on our website.

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AIOU عمرانیتات Code 411 Assignments of BA Class Spring 2022 16/06/2022

AIOU Solved Assignment Code 1423 Spring & Autumn 2023 PDF

Here, We have provided AIOU Solved Assignment Code 1423 for both Spring and Autumn semesters. According to AIOU policy, The assignment marks are 50% of your total exam marks. So Without submission of your assignments of code 1423 for BA , you will be considered a Fail.

It’s important to submit your all assignments of code 1423 on time to avoid any problems using AIOU Aagahi Portal. For this purpose, we have provided AIOU Solved Assignment Code 1423 for BA in PDF Format.

AIOU Solved Assignment Code 1423 Spring & Autumn (PDF Download)

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Aiou code 1423 english – i assignments spring and autumn.

AIOU Code 1423 English – I Assignments Spring And Autumn Welcome, pricey readers, to the realm of AIOU (Allama Iqbal Open University) and the journey by means of Code 1423 – English – I assignments. As we embark on this academic journey, let’s discover the great thing about studying, very similar to the altering seasons.

AIOU Code 1423 English – I Code 1423 is a course designed to boost our English language abilities. Whether or not you’re a scholar of the spring semester or the autumn semester, the journey stays identical. The course goals are to develop proficiency in studying, writing, and comprehension.

Compulsory English-I Code 1423 AIOU Guess Papers: Link 1 Compulsory English-I Code 1423 AIOU Guess Papers: Link 2

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Note: If you want more solved assignments of all other codes Click Here

علامہ اقبال اوپن یونیورسٹی کی ہاتھ سے لکھی ہوِئی حل شدہ مشقیں حاصل کرنے کے لیے رابطہ کریں

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Download aiou past papers last five years old papers.

Embracing the Spring Assignments Within the spring semester, as flowers bloom and nature awakens, so do our minds with the Code 1423 assignments. These duties are like seeds planted, ready to develop right into a backyard of information. Matters might vary from literature evaluation to artistic writing, difficult for us to think critically and categorize ourselves eloquently.

Navigating the Autumn Assignments Because the leaves change coloration within the autumn semester, so does the main target of our assignments. The duties assigned throughout this season might delve into totally different points of language studying. From grammar workout routines to honing our communication abilities, every task is a stepping stone in the direction of linguistic mastery.

Ideas for Success in Code 1423 Assignments Navigating the assignments for Code 1423 requires a compass of dedication and a few helpful ideas. Firstly, learn the task prompts rigorously to know the expectations. Secondly, analyze and collect related data earlier than crafting your responses. Lastly, proofread your work to ensure readability and coherence.

Embracing the Studying Journey The essence of Code 1423 goes past the assignments. It is about embracing the training journey with an open coronary heart and thoughts. Each phrase written, each idea understood, contributes to our development as language fanatics. Let’s savor the method, appreciating the nuances of language and communication.

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Compulsory English-I (1423)

Download and view past papers for Compulsory English-I code number 1423 (AIOU) for the semester of spring and autumn. It is a 3 credit hours book.Old papers will provide a clear understanding of important areas or parts of the subjects. Also previous examinations papers will provide a guess for the upcoming examination.Below table provide past papers. Click on the link to view:

Related Subjects

Compulsory English-II (1424)
Principle of Management (1427)
Commercial Geography (1428)
Business Mathematics (1429)
Business Statistics (1430)
Business Communication (1416)
Basics of Information Communication Technology (1431)
Introduction to Business Finance (1415)

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Download AIOU Solved Assignment Autunm 2023 Pdf BA Free

AIOU solved assignment Autumn 2023 pdf BA download for free. Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad Bachelor Class (General Group/ B.Com / BLIS Class ). Solved Assignments For Autumn 2023 .

Here you can download aiou studio 9 solved assignment Autumn 2023 BA and B.Com for all subject codes. We provide BA assignment spring and autumn of 2023 that is available for download. AIOU changed its system from manual to online. You can use the Aiou Aaghi LMS portal for all activities. We providing all pdf links below from where you can download all BA assignments 2023.

AIOU solved assignment Autumn 2022 pdf BA

Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) is a public research university located in Islamabad, Pakistan. The university offers undergraduate (BA) and graduate (MA) programs in a variety of disciplines, including education, management, social sciences, natural sciences, and technology. The assignments for these programs are generally given to students as a part of their coursework and are typically due at the end of each semester. The specific details of these assignments will depend on the course and program of study.

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AIOU solved the assignment Autumn 2023 pdf BA

جو اسائنمنٹ ابھی تک اپلوڈ نہیں ہوئی وہ اگلی اپڈیٹ میں آجائیں گی۔.

Download AIOU Solved Assignment Autunm 2023 Pdf BA Free 1

Half Credit (3 Credit Hours) Book Assignment Submission Date Autumn 202 3

I hope you have found the solution to your problem regarding AIOU solved assignment spring 2022 pdf BA . If you have any questions, comment on me in the comment section below. Thanks for reading, please share it with your fellows.

28 thoughts on “Download AIOU Solved Assignment Autunm 2023 Pdf BA Free”

Sir kindly 1431 ki assignments ur 1429 ki jldi upload kr dain do 3 din m ho sky to

Sir 1429 ki assignment upload kr dain kindly

G sir 1429 assignment no 1 ??

Or 1431 ki be

Insha Allah very soon

Sir 1429 ki asgmnt upload kr dain plz

Sir 1431 ki assignment Urdu may upload krna

1429…437…485.iiسمسٹر بہار 2022

Asslam u Alaikum sir how are you sir kindly b.con 4th semester ki baki sari b jaldi apload kar dyn

Sir BA semester spring 2022 ki 1429 business mathematics post KR dain shukriya

Plz sir 426 code ki assignment upload kr dn

code 437 & 484 solved assignment spring 2022 not yet update on pdf. Please confirm me updating date

Sir kindly upload assignment no 2 . 484 code thanks

Code 426 ba spring 2022 ka assingnment kqb show ho ga

code 484 ba 2022 ki 2nd assignment kab tak show ho gi.

i have contact wtspp 03474285603

1413 assignment nai hy plz upload Kr dyn

Aapko Miljaye Thu Mujhe Bhi Batana Plzz

mera admission objection he wo documents mang rahy thy mene upload kiye 1 month se zyada time hua he lekin abhi tak admission confirm nhi hua he kindly help me………….

Assalamu Alaikum sir! Kindly BA ki 2nd semester spring ki 427+437 ki assignment aplod kr dy thank you…

484 food and nutrition 2nd assignment Ba spring 2022

Sir g 408 awr 473 ka essgmint abe tak uplod nhe howa

Course basics of ICT 1431 B.A associate degree First assignment ki akhri date Kya hai

sir kindlyupload assignment no. 3 and 4 of book code 423, please

Sir B.A ki 422 or 430 ki jo reh gai hen wo bhi upload krden plzzz

449 ki 2nd assignment upload kr Dyn plz

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AIOU Solved Assignment 1 Code 1423 Spring 2022

Q.1 Convert the following statements into appropriate questions. (10)

She is serving in education ministry these days.
Massive illiteracy is the greatest hurdle in the path of progress and prosperity.
The old lady talked to me very politely.
She takes much interest in historical fiction.
They are going to visit us really very soon.
We will fight against ignorance till our last breath.
He will appear in CSS exam this year.
Faiz Ahmad Faiz is one of the most prominent figures of Urdu poetry.
She is crying because she has lost her favourite toy.
Is she serving in education ministry these days?
Is the massive literacy greatest hurdle in the path of progress and prosperity?
Did the old ladytalked to me very politely?
Does she take much interest in historical fiction?
Are they going to visit us really very soon?
we fight against ignorance till our last breath?
Will he appear in CSS exam this year?
Is Faiz Ahmed Faiz one of the most prominent figures of Urdu poetry?
Is she crying because she has lost her favorite toy?

Q.2 Observe your mother’s daily activities closely for a few days and then write a brief and concise paragraph about her daily routine. The paragraph must be both cohesive and coherent.

I feel all mothers are exceedingly dedicated to their families. I am just amazed at my mother’s devotion to me and my family! From dawn till late night she is an epitome of self-less love, care, and devotion to her family. During my examination days, she wakes me at 5 a.m. with a steaming cup of coffee. It means she must be getting up at 4:30 a.m. How does she manage to stay so active in spite of going to bed after ensuring our good night’s sleep ?!

Soon after, she gets busy in preparing breakfast and lunch for the entire family. She packs everyone’s tiffin box, water bottle, etc. After we go to school, she never has time to rest. Washing dishes and clothing, cleaning, dusting, ironing, buying vegetables and fruit from the green grocer, etc. She is bus throughout the day. When tired we reach home after the school, she welcomes us with her reassuring and loving smile. She serves us our delicious lunch, which refreshes and energizes us.

She is our wonderful counselor and psychotherapist 100. She is so good at detecting our tensions, worries, and concerns. Not only she elicits the source of our burdens out of us, she also cures all out aches. Then comes the dusk, she is the busiest at this hour. Dad comes hom& after the day’s work.

The entire family is reunited after the temporary separation that our responsibilities impose on us! Our mother is busy, working cooking dinner for A She serves us the dinner and ensures everyone has been satiated. Then again she is washing dishes, cleaning, and getting ready for the next day s routine After winding up the day’s work, she sits for her dinner. Thus I see my mother every day enjoying the grind of chores and work for the sake of her family.

Q.3 Write question tags for the following sentences. Notice carefully whether the statement is positive or negative in each case.

They are working very hard, ………………….? (Positive)
They do not take interest in their studies, ………………….? (Negative)
She was fond of classical music, ………………….? (Positive)
They may attend a training session next week,………………….? (Positive)
I hate hypocrites, ………………….? (Positive)
I shall try my level best to resolve the issue, ………………….? (Positive)
You were not happy with your working environment, ………………….? (Negative)
They were planning to be successful, ………………….? (Positive)
He is not good at pencil sketching, ………………….? (Negative)
She could not handle any situation skillfully, ………………….? (Negative)

Q.4 Write an informal letter to one of your friends and express your apologies for not being able to attend his/her wedding ceremony by giving some suitable justification.

Lhr DHA, Gulberg

03 June 2022

My dear friend,

I hope this letter finds you busy in the marriage bustle! I earnestly regret my absence on the auspicious occasion of the marriage of your sister. I am sure you would pardon me for my absence for which I am not to blame so much. Congratulations for the sister’s marriage! I received the card and the sweets! Everyone in my family relished the sweets. I wished to be there on that occasion. But I regret to say that I received a telephone call from Kolkata that my uncle’s condition was serious. He had suffered a heart attack. So we all had to rush to Kolkata. By God’s grace, he is out of danger now and is recovering. I am really very sorry to miss the marriage.

Kindly convey my heartiest wishes for the newlyweds and accept the small gift that I am sending for dear sister. I hope you will excuse me for an un willful absence. Please accept my apologies for not being able to share your joys.

Your Friendly

Q.5 The following instances contain some highlighted words, guess the meaning of these words and use them into sentences of your own. (10)

He may know how to layup a basketball, but my jump shot is
Even though peace between the two formerly warring nations had been established for years now, the solider still woke cold from dreams of battle.
I want to just set the table and be done with it, but my mother scrupulously arranged each napkin, dish and utensil until they were in perfect alignment.
Her parents really wanted her to attend the local university, but Eman argued her case so emphatically and with such great passion, that her parents gave Eman their consent.
The clues in the sentence were so helpful; I was able to ascertain the meaning of the word beyond a shadow of a doubt.

Extraordinary:

Highly exceptional, remarkable.

If you feel extraordinary work not happy then unemployed flavor will make you more upset; if you think a quiet life is not comfortable, and then the pain will make you more pain.

Established:

Of a religion,

There are no established trails, but I, ve been in that area before.

Scrupulously:

Meaning: Doubtful, or uneasy.

I was still excessively scrupulous about everything I wrote.

Emphatically:

In a force full way:

For their day and country they were emphatically the salt of earth

Investigation:

I am going to ascertain the truth.

Q.6 Express your agreement as well as disagreement with the following issues. Choose a different expression each time.

Pakistan will be politically stable the next year.
The greatest obstacle to economic stability is massive corruption.
Coeducation system should be introduced at the post graduate level.
Girls should be allowed to choose their profession.
Parents should select marriage partner for their children.

Pakistan will be politically stable the next year. (Disagreement)

The greatest obstacle to economic stability is massive corruption. (Agreement)

Coeducation system should be introduced at the post graduate level. (Agreement)

Girls should be allowed to choose their profession. (Agreement)

Parents should select marriage partner for their children. (Agreement)

Q.7 Look at the front cover given below and make ten predictions about the contents of the book.

It kind of sounds like How To Avoid Huge Ships.
It won an award.
It gives the people what they want.
It’s not cheap
The only problem is that wpe only get food or anything is once a month on a super huge ship called Kevin V.
So far I have avoided it successfully for seven days but I am getting a bit.
This is looking so beautiful.
Ship pilot can adjust many passengers in the ship.
Hug Ship start with in time.
Hug ship is very expensive in price.

Q.8 Suppose your younger brother has joined medical profession recently. Write him a letter and suggest him ways to serve the ailing humanity in the true sense of the term.

Mr. zahid Lhr,

Gulberg town

Dear Brother,

Though every profession, when conducted ethically and with passion, leads to service to the society, there are few areas of work where you can claim to save lives every day. One of those select few, where you are catapulted to the status of God,

Several hundred youngsters in our country take up ‘medicine’ every year, knowing well that a long journey of rigorous studies lies ahead; that financial returns, if any, will take time to come; and 15-18 hour shifts, including night-time emergencies.

So what makes a significant percentage of every generation take up this noble but tough profession, how it has evolved over the years and what more can be done. Probably like most of his counterparts, it was also the suffering of patients he encountered that inspired him to take up the choice of his specialization. The doctor says, “During the early days of my practice, this young man came to me with diabete.

AIOU Solved Assignment No. 1 Code 386 Autumn 2023

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AIOU Course Code 1424-1 Solved Assignment Spring 2022

ASSIGNMENT No. 1

DOWNLOAD BUTTON IS GIVEN AT THE END

Q.1 Read pages 1-14 carefully (the content is related to ‘academic writing’ and various types of ‘essays’) and briefly answer the following questions (in your own words).

What is ‘academic writing’? How is it different from other types of writing?

Academic writing is the style of writing we use in the field of academics. Research projects, term papers, conference papers, essays, abstracts, reports, etc. in various disciplines are written in this style. The main difference between academic writing and other styles of writings is that it is more formal and structured. Academic writing also has its own set of rules and structures. The target audience or the readers of academic writing is the scholars of the same discipline.

Academic writing is generally objective, concise and impersonal. It is also more complex than general writing and may consist of technical jargon. Precision is also another very important factor in academic writing. Punctuation and grammar should be strictly followed. Contractions (don’t, can’t, etc.), slang or informal words, clichés, unnecessary filler words such as really, very, etc. should also be avoided in academic writing.

Referencing and citations is another major difference in academic writing. In academic writing, the writer is expected to support his argument by citing evidence by other sources. However, this evidence from other sources always has to be properly attributed according to an accepted style guide such as APA, MLA , Chicago and Harvard referencing .

Writing for non-academic and no-technical purposes can be described as general writing. This is the style of writing we use in our day to day life. Diary and journal entries, letters, emails, newspaper articles, advertisements, posters, etc. are all written in a general writing style. Although general writing also requires correct spelling and grammar, it is not as strict as academic writing. In addition, there are no restrictions on the use of slang, contractions, clichés and other words. General writing can be informal, formal or semi-formal, but it’d be simpler and easier to understand than academic writing. There is also no need to use strict referencing and citation in general writing. Academic Writing is used in research projects, conference papers, essays, abstracts, reports, etc.

General Writing is used in letters, emails, newspaper articles, diary and journal entries, etc. Academic Writing uses formal, objective, concise language. General Writing uses informal, semi-formal language.

What is ‘analysis essay’? Write an analysis essay on ‘Internet’.

An analytical essay is a piece of writing that provides substantive analysis of a topic. Analysis papers can be written about art, music, literary works, current events, historical events, politics, scientific research, and philosophy, among other topics. Analytical essays are common in academic settings, and they also appear in magazines, newspapers, academic journals, trade journals. A good analytical essay can explain and contextualize basic information for the benefit of a reader. Analytical essays serve two purposes, one for the reader and one for the writer. High school teachers and college professors assign analytical papers to help their students grow as writers and thinkers. Analytical papers boost a student’s writing skills and enhance their comprehension of a particular topic.

Analytical essays also benefit readers. Newspapers and magazines routinely publish critical analysis essays to help their readers make sense of the news of the day. These types of essays enable authors, who may be experts in their fields, to educate their fellow citizens on matters of politics, economics, art, architecture, culture, and many other subjects of importance.

Analysis essay on ‘Internet’

Internet has already firmly established in the life of modern people. Practically no one can imagine their lives without it, whether they study, work, sit at home or travel around the world. The age when people start using it is on constant decrease, and I will not be surprised if I find out that my 10-year-old neighbor knows how to use it better than me.

Although there are the tendencies I just described, there are certain people who consider this technology to be harmful and of no real good to people. Well, what can I say? Those who say so just don’t know what they are talking about, because if they did, they would understand that the advantages of Internet usage greatly outweigh the drawbacks it may sometimes have.

First of all, Internet is a valuable source of information . Yes, people not so long ago succeeded to get education and be informed of the latest news without the web, but does it mean that we should stop using it for information purposes? I don’t think so. Previously people had to spend many hours in the libraries , writing and rewriting the necessary information . It took much time and nerves. Today all you have to do if you need some data is access it from your home, sitting in your favorite chair and maybe even listening to music. Isn’t it great? The opportunities it gives to students and all the people who like to be informed are just immense.

Q.2 Read pages 24-30 carefully (the content is about various parts of an academic essay) and write an academic essay (of about 150 words) on ‘My Favorite Subject’.

My favorite subject among all subjects is English. When I was studying in the primary section then only I loved to study English, as the book was filled up with different interesting stories. We had two books of English up to class 8th. Further, we had one book containing drama. We have separate teachers for teaching us grammar and literature. I eagerly wait for the period of English.

The subject of English helps me in increasing my vocabulary and reading capability. I am fond of reading stories and poems and later on, I use to write it all in my own words. We also have our assignments. We have to perform skits or presentations on the provided topic. I choose to perform a skit and always did the role of the narrator. English is a subject that helps me in improving my writing skills. I wrote many small stories based on my imagination and my story was published in our school library collection.

Q.3 Read pages 31-34 carefully (the content is about formal and informal styles of writing) and decide what type of writing style (formal/informal) is used in the following text and how?

This is a formal writing because the text is of academic point of view.

Q.4 Read Unit 2 which is on ‘sequence’ or ‘chronological order’ (pages 39-72). Sequence is a writing technique that writers use to present information in a step by step manner or in a process or in a sequence (of story, for example).

Now LINK (connect) sentences (given in the following text) by using appropriate SEQUENCE MARKERS (such as first, secondly, subsequently, then, after, finally, at last etc.). You are required to use at least TEN sequence markers in your answer.

Firstly , the early death of his mother in the Indiana wilderness, then a rude upbringing verging on the ill-mannered, the damage of rough and tumble frontier politics, unbearable mental breakdown resulting from uncertainty in life, all these played their role in the life of Lincoln. Subsequently the hurts of a not altogether happy marriage, and, then the loss of an infant son, all these had added their traces to the life of this great leader.

Q.5 Read the text titled as ‘A Day in the Life of a Nurse’ on pages 56-57 carefully. Also read Exercise-9 given on page 58. Now write down a PARAGRAPH of about 150 words on ‘A Day in the Life of a Bank Manager’. Follow the use of SEQUENCE MARKERS in your answer.

At exactly 5:30 am the alarm clock besides Ms Sarah goes off prompting her out of bed. Ms Mayanja has to rise early because of the nature of her family situation and new position as branch Manager of Equatorial Bank Ltd.

Her husband of 5 years, Sam, works up – country in Gulu, Northern Uganda, for a relief and development NGO and visits over the weekend. This means during his absence Ms sarah has to drop their 5-year-old son, Ali, at Aunt Molly’s kindergarten. Their three- year old, Sobia, is left in the care of a maid.

Quickly, with the help of her maid, she sees that Ali is dressed and readied for school. They sit down to breakfast by 6:30 and by 7:00 am there are both out of the driveway in a jet- blue Toyota Corsa while listening to their favourite morning show on 104.1 Power FM.

After dropping Ali at school, Sarah heads to the Acacia branch of Equatorial Bank and drops in by her normal time of 8 a.m. The first thing she does once in her office is to look at her diary and plot a to – do list. She always purposes to get through her in- tray before 9 a.m and then go through the day’s errand.

Sarah’s number-one priority is customer service-keeping current customers satisfied and signing up new ones. Privatization has intensified competition in the banking sector. No longer are the days of sitting back and waiting for corporate customers; the modern banker has to go out scouting for new customers, which is part of Sarah’s job.

To bring in new customers, she tries to make visits each day to potential business clients. Unless she finds the time for such visits, she is unlikely to meet her target of expanding the branch’s business-customer base. Her immediate boss, Mr. Fred Nsereko, the General Manager of Retail banking gave her a target of bringing in 50 new clients with a portfolio worth over $ 2 million each this year. She has already scheduled two important appointments today. One visit will be to Fang Fang restaurant whose proprietor wants to expand her lucrative business.

Another target is lawyers. She has already sent letters to the Uganda Law Society President, Mr. Shafiq Nkuruziza, trying to interest them in a special type of account that lets lawyers purchase Mercedes Benzes on credit. She hopes to find time to visit the Law society offices before Lunchtime, as she has to pick up Ali from school.

Sarah has also a personnel problem to handle in the day. A competitor bank recently recruited one of her assistant managers, Yvonne Nambi, and she has to talk to Human Resource to find her a suitable replacement. Sarah is happy that her people are competitive but she knows that the bank is weak in succession planning and hopes the Human Resource department devises a way to bridge the effect of these departures.

Sarah has also another personnel problem to handle. Lately, she has observed that Customer Relationship Manager, Musa Byamugisha, seems to be undermining her suggestions. She knows that Musa, who she hears is a relation to a certain Board member, had thought that the promotion would go to him yet in the end it was offered to her. She wonders also if Musa is ignoring her because she is a female and quiet younger than him. But Sarah knows that she was only promoted because of her proven track record. She decides she has to talk to Musa on the issue of insubordination late in the afternoon.

Sarah reviews her in-tray. There is a Memo containing new procedures she is to initiate at the branch, as well as information about new promotions (discounts on traveller’s checks and incentives to open checking accounts) that must be implemented. She then opens her Local Area Network mail system. There over 30 mails but she focuses on those addressed to her and near her concern. The rest she can catch up on later.

As she is going through her mail, a credit assistant knocks on the door and enters. Sarah keeps an open door and staff can access her anytime. The credit assistant has a report showing clients with rejected debits, indicating insufficient funds. On the basis of a customer’s account history, Sarah must decide whether to cover a check or let it bounce.

Since this is a Monday, Sarah holds staff meetings at 9 a.m., to review the bank’s performance last week and plans for the week. The meeting with her senior managers lasts less than an hour, as a rule for there is so much to do in the day.

During the peak time in the middle of the day, Sarah does what she calls Management by Walking Around (MBWA)- pitching in and helping her staff whenever needed. She might review loan applications, talk with customers, or handle special problems, such as the breakdown of an automated teller machine. If customer lines get particularly long, she works at a teller window. She must also sometimes deal with irate customers, who may be upset because lines are long or a mistake has been made.

Still, as much as possible, she likes to leave the operations of the branch to her assistant managers. Otherwise, she might get caught up in day-to-day problems and lose sight of her, main task-getting more customers for the bank and meeting her targets. Besides, she also feels the best way to help people grow in confidence is by letting them grow in their jobs.

Q.6 Read the text titled as ‘Planting a Tree: A Step by Step Guide’ on pages 60-61 carefully. Now draw a flow chart for ‘Shopping Online’ and write a paragraph on it by using appropriate SEQUENCE MARKERS.

Q.7 Read the text titled as ‘Pollution’ on pages 98-91 carefully and complete the following tasks briefly:

Define air pollution.

Air pollution is caused by a combination of gaseous and particulate pollutants such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen dioxide emitted from point sources such as factories and motor vehicles that burn fuel. Some gaseous emissions are visible to the eye and sometimes may even diffuse into the atmosphere and become invisible. Particulate pollution, on the other hand, such as soot and black carbon, is always visible.

Create a diagram illustrating various types of air pollution.
Explain what causes air pollution?

Certain gases in the atmosphere can cause air pollution. For example, in cities, a gas called ozone is a major cause of air pollution. Ozone is also a greenhouse gas that can be both good and bad for our environment. It all depends where it is in Earth’s atmosphere . When particles in the air combine with ozone, they create smog. Smog is a type of air pollution that looks like smoky fog and makes it difficult to see.

Q.8 Read text titled as ‘Types of Teachers’ on pages 96-98 carefully and answer the following questions briefly:

a) What are the characteristics of a friendly teacher?
expert communication skills
superior listening skills
deep knowledge and passion for their subject matter
the ability to build caring relationships with students
friendliness and approachability
excellent preparation and organization skills
strong work ethic
community-building skills
high expectations for all
How would you define a friendly teacher?

Some qualities of a good teacher include skills in communication, listening, collaboration, adaptability, empathy and patience. Other characteristics of effective teaching include an engaging classroom presence, value in real-world learning, exchange of best practices and a lifelong love of learning.

Q.9 Read about Cause and Effect’ (as given on pages 107-112) carefully and complete the exercises (given on pages 112-146) in the unit.

Now write down an ESSAY of about 250 words on the causes and effects of ‘Deforestation’. Follow the use of Cause and Effect relationship in your essay. You can discuss ONE effect of multiple causes and reasons and vice versa (multiple effects of ONE reason).

Deforestation refers to the decrease in forest areas across the world that are lost for other uses such as agricultural croplands, urbanization, or mining activities. Greatly accelerated by human activities since 1960, deforestation has been negatively affecting natural ecosystems, biodiversity, and the climate.

Causes of Deforestation

Agriculture.

Commercial or industrial agriculture (field crops and livestock) cause around 40% of forest loss – in the search for space to grow food, fibers or biofuel (such as soybeans, palm oil, beef, rice, maize, cotton and sugar cane). It is also particularly interesting to note livestock is believed to be responsible for about 14% of global deforestation. The main reasons why have to do with the large areas require both to raise livestock but also to grow its (soy-based) food.

New Constructions

The construction of human infrastructures has also been driving deforestation. More specifically, 10% of deforestation can be attributed to new infrastructures that serve the current human lifestyle in four main ways: transportation, transformation and energy generation.

On one hand, roads, rails, ports or airports have been built to move all sorts of goods – from cereals and fruits to spices, minerals or fossil fuels – either directly to trade centers or to transformation sites.

Urbanization

The populational shift that is leading people to move from rural areas to urban areas is also contributing to deforestation (5%, according to FAO). This urban growth – in which 68% of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by 2050 – is leading to an exponential growth of housing and consumption sites. And as cities become larger so they can host more people, they challenge the natural boundaries surrounding them, often leading to deforestation. This is one of the reasons why deforestation is happening.

Deforestation Effects

Effects of deforestation on biodiversity.

The most known consequence of deforestation is its threat to biodiversity . In fact, forests represent some of the most veritable hubs of biodiversity . From mammals to birds, insects, amphibians or plants, the forest is home to many rare and fragile species. 80% of the Earth’s land animals and plants live in forests.

By destroying the forests, human activities are putting entire ecosystems in danger, creating natural imbalances, and putting Life at threat. The natural world is complex, interconnected, and made of thousands of inter-dependencies and among other functions, trees provide shade and colder temperatures for animals and smaller trees or vegetation which may not survive with the heat of direct sunlight. Besides, trees also feeding animals with their fruits while providing them with food and shelter they need to survive.

Local People and Their Livelihoods

Healthy forests support the livelihoods of 1.6 billion people globally , one billion of whom are among the worlds poorest. This means there are many people depending on forests for survival and using them to hunt and gather raw products for their small-scale agriculture processes. But in developing countries such as Borneo, Indonesia, Vietnam, Brazil, or Mexico, land tenure systems are weak. This allows big businesses to get these lands and use them for other ends, disrupting local people’s lives.

Food Insecurity in the Future

Today, 52% of all the land used for food production is moderately or severely impacted by soil erosion . In the long term, the lack of healthy, nutritious soil can lead to low yields and food insecurity.

Soil Erosion

Deforestation weakens and degrades the soi l. Forested soils are usually not only richer on organic matter, but also more resistant to erosion, bad weather, and extreme weather events. This happens mainly because roots help fix trees in the ground and the sun-blocking tree cover helps the soil to slowly dry out. As a result, deforestation will probably mean the soil will become increasingly fragile, leaving the area more vulnerable to natural disasters such as landslides and floods.

Climate Change

Firstly, taking down trees means they’ll release back into the atmosphere the CO2 they were keeping. Secondly, fewer trees available means reducing the planet’s overall ability to capture and store CO2. Both these effects negatively contribute to the greenhouse effect and to climate change . As a matter of fact, while food and agriculture account for 24% of greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation is estimated to be responsible for 10-15% of all anthropogenic CO2 emissions.