research findings report template

28+ Free Sample Research Report Templates – PDF, DOC

A Research Report Template is a format meant to facilitate the creation of a research report, which includes step-by-step instructions on how and what to write. They usually contain advice, an abstract, an introduction, methods, results, a discussion, and a conclusion section. However, they can slightly differ as a certain study may require more or less of them, or an institution or a publication may have their preferences.

In this context, this template is highly effective for streamlining the process of creating the final report as it contains clear instructions on what information should be placed in the report, starting with the identification of the main problem, analysis of the results, conclusion, and recommendation section to make the final report easily understandable by the intended audience.

Download Free Sample Research Report Templates

What is a Research Report?

A Research Report can be described as a detailed paper that contains the results of an investigation of a question or number of questions through a systematic approach. The common aim of research articles is to give an overview of the research topic, the literature in the specific field, details of the method used, the result or outcome of the study, and an analysis of the result within the context of the particular discipline.

Research reports are informative tools intended to disseminate a study’s findings, support existing hypotheses, or solve existing issues within a specific discipline. This makes them essential in academic , scientific, and professional circles.

Components of a Research Report

Commonly, a research report comprises several elements that highlight a clear vision of the presentation of findings. These elements include:

• Abstract: An outline of the study, which may comprise the problem definition, the approach used in the research, the findings of the study, and the conclusion that has been made.
• Introduction: State the research topic and situate it in the problem area you intend to investigate and identify the research questions or objectives that you want to address.
• Literature Review: A literature review of prior studies and models concerning the examined topic and determining the current scientific literature’s gaps.
• Methodology: The analysis presents the research design, data collection, and analysis procedures used in the study.
• Results: Establish a coherent structure for presenting the study’s results, which may include tables, graphs, and statistical analysis.
• Discussion: Explains the findings in light of the formulated research question and, consequentially, discusses the interaction with findings, significance, and limitations.
• Conclusions and Recommendations: Present the research results briefly, state the conclusion that can be made based on the developed material and 4propose further working suggestions for additional research or utilization of the study.
• References/Bibliography: Always provide a list of all the sources used in developing the report in the format required for the report’s writing.

Importance of Research Reports

Such research studies are incredibly valuable for passing on information within different spheres as the basis for further investigations, more effective public policies, and industry advancements. They offer information about the progress and conclusions in research, thus helping other academics and practitioners better understand the approach and outcomes of the work conducted.

Through compiling and reporting on their research, scholars play a vital role in filling up a worldwide information base, which encourages researchers and scholars to continue striving to develop solutions to the challenges of modern society.

Guidelines for Preparing Research Reports

Here are some guidelines for preparing Research Reports:

1. Title and Abstract

• Title: Briefly identify the research topic or concern. It should be as descriptive as possible and interesting enough to make the reader interested in continuing reading.
• Abstract: The research question, aim, and objectives, as well as a brief methodological review, empirical findings, and conclusion, should be presented. With information on seven business reputations affected by reputation management, it should not exceed 250 words.

2. Introduction

• Context:  Introduce the context of your work, offer brief background information, and formally define the research problem.
• Objectives: Ensure you clearly understand the study’s aims and objectives and your research questions and/or hypotheses.

3. Methodology

• Participants:  State the study participants; this section should include details of the selection process and the rationale for sample selection, including whether the participants who participated in the study included only students or whether the study incorporated teachers, parents, and other community members.
• Materials/Tools: Indicate the type of materials, tools/ software that were used in the research.
• Procedure: Justify the processes that were followed during the research process. This section should allow another researcher to undertake your study using a procedure similar to what you explained.
• Data Presentation: Students are required to present the data in the form of figures, tables, and written text. Remember to provide proper annotations on all the presented images.
• Analysis: Explain the statistical or thematic analysis techniques applied in relation to the data that was gathered.

5. Discussion and Conclusion

• Interpretation: Discuss your results with reference to existing literature and research to identify consistencies or inconsistencies.
• Limitations: Our study should be limited in the following ways and encourage more research in the following areas.
• Applications: Explain the results’ relevance, importance, and significance and how they are useful to the discipline.

6. References

• After finishing your report, identify all the sources used in your report and give the full reference following the referencing style agreed upon by your research guide or the journal that you are submitting to.

7. Appendices

• Permission to use this section should also be sought to include any additional information that may be useful in the conduct of the study but doesn’t fit in the body area of the report due to size and other factors.

Tips for Writing an Effective Research Report Template

To craft an effective research report template, consider incorporating the following elements:

• Title Page: Make sure that it contains the title of the report, the author or the authors and the date it was dated.
• Abstract: An overview of what has been done in the research process, how the research was conducted, what was discovered and reasons for arriving at the discovery made.
• Table of Contents: Inform readers where they are in the report so that they can locate their position without struggling.
• Introduction: State the problem under investigation and the purpose of the research in light of the problem statement.
• Literature Review: This section should include an outline based on major research findings that help put the study into perspective.
• Methodology: Explain the method used in this research.
• Results: Use charts or graphs to present the findings when the recommendation requires it.
• Discussion: This paper will discuss the results and analyse them to assess the findings and validity of the study.
• Conclusions and Recommendations: Finally, I will briefly present the current study’s outcomes and directions for further study of hypothetical appeal types in connection with website design.
• References: This entails elaborating on all the sources used in preparing the report in the correct academic writing format.
• Appendices: Use extra information that may be useful but is not necessary in the body text of the article.
• Practical advice: When making formatting improvements, try to be as clear and consistent as possible; this will help make the report more readable and consumer-friendly.

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Research Paper Template

The fastest (and smartest) way to craft a research paper that showcases your project and earns you marks. 

Available in Google Doc, Word & PDF format 4.9 star rating, 5000 + downloads

Step-by-step instructions

Tried & tested academic format

Fill-in-the-blanks simplicity

Pro tips, tricks and resources

What It Covers

This template’s structure is based on the tried and trusted best-practice format for academic research papers. Its structure reflects the overall research process, ensuring your paper has a smooth, logical flow from chapter to chapter. Here’s what’s included:

• The title page/cover page
• Abstract (or executive summary)
• Section 1: Introduction 
• Section 2: Literature review 
• Section 3: Methodology
• Section 4: Findings /results
• Section 5: Discussion
• Section 6: Conclusion
• Reference list

Each section is explained in plain, straightforward language , followed by an overview of the key elements that you need to cover within each section. 

You can download a fully editable MS Word File (DOCX format), copy it to your Google Drive or paste the content to any other word processor.

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FAQs: Research Paper Template

What format is the template (doc, pdf, ppt, etc.).

The research paper template is provided as a Google Doc. You can download it in MS Word format or make a copy to your Google Drive. You’re also welcome to convert it to whatever format works best for you, such as LaTeX or PDF.

What types of research papers can this template be used for?

The template follows the standard best-practice structure for formal academic research papers, so it is suitable for the vast majority of degrees, particularly those within the sciences.

Some universities may have some additional requirements, but these are typically minor, with the core structure remaining the same. Therefore, it’s always a good idea to double-check your university’s requirements before you finalise your structure.

Is this template for an undergrad, Masters or PhD-level research paper?

This template can be used for a research paper at any level of study. It may be slight overkill for an undergraduate-level study, but it certainly won’t be missing anything.

How long should my research paper be?

This depends entirely on your university’s specific requirements, so it’s best to check with them. We include generic word count ranges for each section within the template, but these are purely indicative. 

What about the research proposal?

If you’re still working on your research proposal, we’ve got a template for that here .

We’ve also got loads of proposal-related guides and videos over on the Grad Coach blog .

How do I write a literature review?

We have a wealth of free resources on the Grad Coach Blog that unpack how to write a literature review from scratch. You can check out the literature review section of the blog here.

How do I create a research methodology?

We have a wealth of free resources on the Grad Coach Blog that unpack research methodology, both qualitative and quantitative. You can check out the methodology section of the blog here.

Can I share this research paper template with my friends/colleagues?

Yes, you’re welcome to share this template. If you want to post about it on your blog or social media, all we ask is that you reference this page as your source.

Can Grad Coach help me with my research paper?

Within the template, you’ll find plain-language explanations of each section, which should give you a fair amount of guidance. However, you’re also welcome to consider our private coaching services .

Additional Resources

If you’re working on a research paper or report, be sure to also check these resources out…

1-On-1 Private Coaching

The Grad Coach Resource Center

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Research Report Template

A Research Report Template is a structured document that provides a clear framework for presenting the findings, methods, and conclusions of a research study. Our Research Report Template is designed to assist researchers in organizing and presenting their data in a clear and systematic manner. For added convenience, this template is available in both Word and Google Docs formats.

About this Template

Contents of the template.

• Introduction Section: Sets the context and importance of the research topic.
• Objectives: Outlines the primary aims and research questions.
• Methodology: Details the research methods and tools utilized.
• Data Collection: Provides insights into where, when, and how data was gathered.
• Results: Presents the primary findings in a clear format.
• Discussion & Conclusion: Delves into the significance of the findings and sums up the research.
• Recommendations & Limitations: Offers actionable insights and acknowledges any research constraints.
• Future Research: Points out potential avenues for subsequent studies.
• Acknowledgements & References: Credits contributors and cites sources.

Why Use This Template

• Structured Approach: Assists in organizing research data methodically.
• Time-Saving: Reduces the time taken in format setting and layout designing.
• Consistency: Ensures a uniform presentation for multiple research reports.
• Easy Customization: Adjust sections as per specific research needs.
• Academic Researchers: Presenting findings in theses or dissertations.
• Corporate Analysts: Reporting on market trends or business insights.
• Independent Scholars: Sharing studies with peers or publishing in journals.
• Students: Crafting reports for class assignments or project submissions.

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Research report template

A research report describes the results of a survey, interviews, focus groups or any other type of qualitative or quantitative research. Even if they aren’t necessarily “researchers”, most international development practitioners will still need to write a basic research report at some point in their career. Either for a baseline or endline survey, needs assessment, or to describe the results of interviews or focus groups with program participants. This template can be used as a starting point for any type of basic research report (qualitative or quantitative).

Download research report template

This research report template is appropriate when:

• You need to write a report after conducting surveys, interviews, focus groups, or any other type of qualitative or quantitative research.
• You need to write a report for a simple baseline or endline survey, or needs assessment.

This research report template is NOT appropriate when:

• You need to write an academic research report.
• You need to write a report for a very complex or large research project (you could start with this template, but it would need a lot of modifications).

The Research Report Template by tools4dev is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License . All other content is  © tools4dev .

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Research Report

This template guides students and researchers in writing a research report.

About this template

Everything you need to write a comprehensive research report is in this template. From a Table of Contents page that includes sections sharing guidelines on how to craft an Executive Summary to describing your approach to research and pages for key takeaways and conclusions, this research template helps you communicate in depth your research findings to an audience. Use this template for market research, business research, and more.

Template outline

• Checkmark Cover Page
• Checkmark Table of Contents
• Checkmark Executive Summary
• Checkmark Approach
• Checkmark Subject Matter/Industry Overview
• Checkmark Sample Selection & Analysis
• Checkmark Key Topic or Segmentation Page
• Checkmark Analysis Page
• Checkmark Takeaways & Recommendations
• Checkmark Sources Cited Page
• Checkmark Thank You Page

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26+ research report templates – word, pdf.

Have you tried writing a report summary of a study academic or business project? It is not the same as writing an executive summary to a research template you read online or do at school. Writing a report for a study can be tricky. The contents should only contain your research analysis design and results. However, each outline in your research paper features many vital pieces of information, and some may find it challenging what details they should use. With our research report templates , we give a brief overview of writing your summary report with the sample content. Even a university student or elementary student from 2nd grade, 4th grade, and 5th grade can write a simple yet formal report within minutes.

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Kinds of Research Reports

• A market research report layout is a study done by a business to identify their market position and how they are perceived both by their target and prospective markets. Market research may also include comparisons with the products and/or services offered by the company’s competitors.
• A qualitative research report design is mainly focused on understanding concepts and ideas. It is a study that can be used as a foundation for quantitative research.
• An academic research report format is created by students who would like to identify solutions for existing problems or understand the framework of various undertakings. Usually, it is a part of the academic requirements of students.
• A research progress report is done within the duration of a research project or study to assure that all the steps or processes needed for the research completion will be accurately implemented.

Professional Study Academic Research Report

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Free 4th Grade Research Report Template

Guidelines for Preparing Research Reports

• Assure that all the variables of the professional report are present. If you are already done with the research and you will just present its results, your research report needs to be comprehensive and arranged in an organized manner.
• Use a template as a guide. Since the format or layout structure of a research report in Google Docs can affect its presentation in a lot of ways, you need to assure that you are properly guided in preparing the word document.
• Be critical with the items that you will include in the report. You need to assure that your research report is based on reality and that all the processes that are done by the researchers are reflected in the report.
• Familiarize yourself with the research report in Word . Maintain a format from the beginning of the report up to the end of the research report presentation. It will help the people who will review the document to have an easier time browsing it. You can also see more on Weekly Status Reports .

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Elementary Research Report Template

Product research report template, research progress report template, formal research report template, university student research report template, final research report template, qualitative research report template, finance research report template, research evaluation report template, action research report template.

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Home » Research Findings – Types Examples and Writing Guide

Research Findings – Types Examples and Writing Guide

Table of Contents

Research Findings

Definition:

Research findings refer to the results obtained from a study or investigation conducted through a systematic and scientific approach. These findings are the outcomes of the data analysis, interpretation, and evaluation carried out during the research process.

Types of Research Findings

There are two main types of research findings:

Qualitative Findings

Qualitative research is an exploratory research method used to understand the complexities of human behavior and experiences. Qualitative findings are non-numerical and descriptive data that describe the meaning and interpretation of the data collected. Examples of qualitative findings include quotes from participants, themes that emerge from the data, and descriptions of experiences and phenomena.

Quantitative Findings

Quantitative research is a research method that uses numerical data and statistical analysis to measure and quantify a phenomenon or behavior. Quantitative findings include numerical data such as mean, median, and mode, as well as statistical analyses such as t-tests, ANOVA, and regression analysis. These findings are often presented in tables, graphs, or charts.

Both qualitative and quantitative findings are important in research and can provide different insights into a research question or problem. Combining both types of findings can provide a more comprehensive understanding of a phenomenon and improve the validity and reliability of research results.

Parts of Research Findings

Research findings typically consist of several parts, including:

• Introduction: This section provides an overview of the research topic and the purpose of the study.
• Literature Review: This section summarizes previous research studies and findings that are relevant to the current study.
• Methodology : This section describes the research design, methods, and procedures used in the study, including details on the sample, data collection, and data analysis.
• Results : This section presents the findings of the study, including statistical analyses and data visualizations.
• Discussion : This section interprets the results and explains what they mean in relation to the research question(s) and hypotheses. It may also compare and contrast the current findings with previous research studies and explore any implications or limitations of the study.
• Conclusion : This section provides a summary of the key findings and the main conclusions of the study.
• Recommendations: This section suggests areas for further research and potential applications or implications of the study’s findings.

How to Write Research Findings

Writing research findings requires careful planning and attention to detail. Here are some general steps to follow when writing research findings:

• Organize your findings: Before you begin writing, it’s essential to organize your findings logically. Consider creating an outline or a flowchart that outlines the main points you want to make and how they relate to one another.
• Use clear and concise language : When presenting your findings, be sure to use clear and concise language that is easy to understand. Avoid using jargon or technical terms unless they are necessary to convey your meaning.
• Use visual aids : Visual aids such as tables, charts, and graphs can be helpful in presenting your findings. Be sure to label and title your visual aids clearly, and make sure they are easy to read.
• Use headings and subheadings: Using headings and subheadings can help organize your findings and make them easier to read. Make sure your headings and subheadings are clear and descriptive.
• Interpret your findings : When presenting your findings, it’s important to provide some interpretation of what the results mean. This can include discussing how your findings relate to the existing literature, identifying any limitations of your study, and suggesting areas for future research.
• Be precise and accurate : When presenting your findings, be sure to use precise and accurate language. Avoid making generalizations or overstatements and be careful not to misrepresent your data.
• Edit and revise: Once you have written your research findings, be sure to edit and revise them carefully. Check for grammar and spelling errors, make sure your formatting is consistent, and ensure that your writing is clear and concise.

Research Findings Example

Following is a Research Findings Example sample for students:

Title: The Effects of Exercise on Mental Health

Sample : 500 participants, both men and women, between the ages of 18-45.

Methodology : Participants were divided into two groups. The first group engaged in 30 minutes of moderate intensity exercise five times a week for eight weeks. The second group did not exercise during the study period. Participants in both groups completed a questionnaire that assessed their mental health before and after the study period.

Findings : The group that engaged in regular exercise reported a significant improvement in mental health compared to the control group. Specifically, they reported lower levels of anxiety and depression, improved mood, and increased self-esteem.

Conclusion : Regular exercise can have a positive impact on mental health and may be an effective intervention for individuals experiencing symptoms of anxiety or depression.

Applications of Research Findings

Research findings can be applied in various fields to improve processes, products, services, and outcomes. Here are some examples:

• Healthcare : Research findings in medicine and healthcare can be applied to improve patient outcomes, reduce morbidity and mortality rates, and develop new treatments for various diseases.
• Education : Research findings in education can be used to develop effective teaching methods, improve learning outcomes, and design new educational programs.
• Technology : Research findings in technology can be applied to develop new products, improve existing products, and enhance user experiences.
• Business : Research findings in business can be applied to develop new strategies, improve operations, and increase profitability.
• Public Policy: Research findings can be used to inform public policy decisions on issues such as environmental protection, social welfare, and economic development.
• Social Sciences: Research findings in social sciences can be used to improve understanding of human behavior and social phenomena, inform public policy decisions, and develop interventions to address social issues.
• Agriculture: Research findings in agriculture can be applied to improve crop yields, develop new farming techniques, and enhance food security.
• Sports : Research findings in sports can be applied to improve athlete performance, reduce injuries, and develop new training programs.

When to use Research Findings

Research findings can be used in a variety of situations, depending on the context and the purpose. Here are some examples of when research findings may be useful:

• Decision-making : Research findings can be used to inform decisions in various fields, such as business, education, healthcare, and public policy. For example, a business may use market research findings to make decisions about new product development or marketing strategies.
• Problem-solving : Research findings can be used to solve problems or challenges in various fields, such as healthcare, engineering, and social sciences. For example, medical researchers may use findings from clinical trials to develop new treatments for diseases.
• Policy development : Research findings can be used to inform the development of policies in various fields, such as environmental protection, social welfare, and economic development. For example, policymakers may use research findings to develop policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
• Program evaluation: Research findings can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of programs or interventions in various fields, such as education, healthcare, and social services. For example, educational researchers may use findings from evaluations of educational programs to improve teaching and learning outcomes.
• Innovation: Research findings can be used to inspire or guide innovation in various fields, such as technology and engineering. For example, engineers may use research findings on materials science to develop new and innovative products.

Purpose of Research Findings

The purpose of research findings is to contribute to the knowledge and understanding of a particular topic or issue. Research findings are the result of a systematic and rigorous investigation of a research question or hypothesis, using appropriate research methods and techniques.

The main purposes of research findings are:

• To generate new knowledge : Research findings contribute to the body of knowledge on a particular topic, by adding new information, insights, and understanding to the existing knowledge base.
• To test hypotheses or theories : Research findings can be used to test hypotheses or theories that have been proposed in a particular field or discipline. This helps to determine the validity and reliability of the hypotheses or theories, and to refine or develop new ones.
• To inform practice: Research findings can be used to inform practice in various fields, such as healthcare, education, and business. By identifying best practices and evidence-based interventions, research findings can help practitioners to make informed decisions and improve outcomes.
• To identify gaps in knowledge: Research findings can help to identify gaps in knowledge and understanding of a particular topic, which can then be addressed by further research.
• To contribute to policy development: Research findings can be used to inform policy development in various fields, such as environmental protection, social welfare, and economic development. By providing evidence-based recommendations, research findings can help policymakers to develop effective policies that address societal challenges.

Characteristics of Research Findings

Research findings have several key characteristics that distinguish them from other types of information or knowledge. Here are some of the main characteristics of research findings:

• Objective : Research findings are based on a systematic and rigorous investigation of a research question or hypothesis, using appropriate research methods and techniques. As such, they are generally considered to be more objective and reliable than other types of information.
• Empirical : Research findings are based on empirical evidence, which means that they are derived from observations or measurements of the real world. This gives them a high degree of credibility and validity.
• Generalizable : Research findings are often intended to be generalizable to a larger population or context beyond the specific study. This means that the findings can be applied to other situations or populations with similar characteristics.
• Transparent : Research findings are typically reported in a transparent manner, with a clear description of the research methods and data analysis techniques used. This allows others to assess the credibility and reliability of the findings.
• Peer-reviewed: Research findings are often subject to a rigorous peer-review process, in which experts in the field review the research methods, data analysis, and conclusions of the study. This helps to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings.
• Reproducible : Research findings are often designed to be reproducible, meaning that other researchers can replicate the study using the same methods and obtain similar results. This helps to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings.

Advantages of Research Findings

Research findings have many advantages, which make them valuable sources of knowledge and information. Here are some of the main advantages of research findings:

• Evidence-based: Research findings are based on empirical evidence, which means that they are grounded in data and observations from the real world. This makes them a reliable and credible source of information.
• Inform decision-making: Research findings can be used to inform decision-making in various fields, such as healthcare, education, and business. By identifying best practices and evidence-based interventions, research findings can help practitioners and policymakers to make informed decisions and improve outcomes.
• Identify gaps in knowledge: Research findings can help to identify gaps in knowledge and understanding of a particular topic, which can then be addressed by further research. This contributes to the ongoing development of knowledge in various fields.
• Improve outcomes : Research findings can be used to develop and implement evidence-based practices and interventions, which have been shown to improve outcomes in various fields, such as healthcare, education, and social services.
• Foster innovation: Research findings can inspire or guide innovation in various fields, such as technology and engineering. By providing new information and understanding of a particular topic, research findings can stimulate new ideas and approaches to problem-solving.
• Enhance credibility: Research findings are generally considered to be more credible and reliable than other types of information, as they are based on rigorous research methods and are subject to peer-review processes.

Limitations of Research Findings

While research findings have many advantages, they also have some limitations. Here are some of the main limitations of research findings:

• Limited scope: Research findings are typically based on a particular study or set of studies, which may have a limited scope or focus. This means that they may not be applicable to other contexts or populations.
• Potential for bias : Research findings can be influenced by various sources of bias, such as researcher bias, selection bias, or measurement bias. This can affect the validity and reliability of the findings.
• Ethical considerations: Research findings can raise ethical considerations, particularly in studies involving human subjects. Researchers must ensure that their studies are conducted in an ethical and responsible manner, with appropriate measures to protect the welfare and privacy of participants.
• Time and resource constraints : Research studies can be time-consuming and require significant resources, which can limit the number and scope of studies that are conducted. This can lead to gaps in knowledge or a lack of research on certain topics.
• Complexity: Some research findings can be complex and difficult to interpret, particularly in fields such as science or medicine. This can make it challenging for practitioners and policymakers to apply the findings to their work.
• Lack of generalizability : While research findings are intended to be generalizable to larger populations or contexts, there may be factors that limit their generalizability. For example, cultural or environmental factors may influence how a particular intervention or treatment works in different populations or contexts.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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• How to Write a Results Section | Tips & Examples

How to Write a Results Section | Tips & Examples

Published on August 30, 2022 by Tegan George . Revised on July 18, 2023.

A results section is where you report the main findings of the data collection and analysis you conducted for your thesis or dissertation . You should report all relevant results concisely and objectively, in a logical order. Don’t include subjective interpretations of why you found these results or what they mean—any evaluation should be saved for the discussion section .

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Table of contents

How to write a results section, reporting quantitative research results, reporting qualitative research results, results vs. discussion vs. conclusion, checklist: research results, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about results sections.

When conducting research, it’s important to report the results of your study prior to discussing your interpretations of it. This gives your reader a clear idea of exactly what you found and keeps the data itself separate from your subjective analysis.

Here are a few best practices:

• Your results should always be written in the past tense.
• While the length of this section depends on how much data you collected and analyzed, it should be written as concisely as possible.
• Only include results that are directly relevant to answering your research questions . Avoid speculative or interpretative words like “appears” or “implies.”
• If you have other results you’d like to include, consider adding them to an appendix or footnotes.
• Always start out with your broadest results first, and then flow into your more granular (but still relevant) ones. Think of it like a shoe store: first discuss the shoes as a whole, then the sneakers, boots, sandals, etc.

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If you conducted quantitative research , you’ll likely be working with the results of some sort of statistical analysis .

Your results section should report the results of any statistical tests you used to compare groups or assess relationships between variables . It should also state whether or not each hypothesis was supported.

The most logical way to structure quantitative results is to frame them around your research questions or hypotheses. For each question or hypothesis, share:

• A reminder of the type of analysis you used (e.g., a two-sample t test or simple linear regression ). A more detailed description of your analysis should go in your methodology section.
• A concise summary of each relevant result, both positive and negative. This can include any relevant descriptive statistics (e.g., means and standard deviations ) as well as inferential statistics (e.g., t scores, degrees of freedom , and p values ). Remember, these numbers are often placed in parentheses.
• A brief statement of how each result relates to the question, or whether the hypothesis was supported. You can briefly mention any results that didn’t fit with your expectations and assumptions, but save any speculation on their meaning or consequences for your discussion  and conclusion.

A note on tables and figures

In quantitative research, it’s often helpful to include visual elements such as graphs, charts, and tables , but only if they are directly relevant to your results. Give these elements clear, descriptive titles and labels so that your reader can easily understand what is being shown. If you want to include any other visual elements that are more tangential in nature, consider adding a figure and table list .

As a rule of thumb:

• Tables are used to communicate exact values, giving a concise overview of various results
• Graphs and charts are used to visualize trends and relationships, giving an at-a-glance illustration of key findings

Don’t forget to also mention any tables and figures you used within the text of your results section. Summarize or elaborate on specific aspects you think your reader should know about rather than merely restating the same numbers already shown.

A two-sample t test was used to test the hypothesis that higher social distance from environmental problems would reduce the intent to donate to environmental organizations, with donation intention (recorded as a score from 1 to 10) as the outcome variable and social distance (categorized as either a low or high level of social distance) as the predictor variable.Social distance was found to be positively correlated with donation intention, t (98) = 12.19, p < .001, with the donation intention of the high social distance group 0.28 points higher, on average, than the low social distance group (see figure 1). This contradicts the initial hypothesis that social distance would decrease donation intention, and in fact suggests a small effect in the opposite direction.

Figure 1: Intention to donate to environmental organizations based on social distance from impact of environmental damage.

In qualitative research , your results might not all be directly related to specific hypotheses. In this case, you can structure your results section around key themes or topics that emerged from your analysis of the data.

For each theme, start with general observations about what the data showed. You can mention:

• Recurring points of agreement or disagreement
• Patterns and trends
• Particularly significant snippets from individual responses

Next, clarify and support these points with direct quotations. Be sure to report any relevant demographic information about participants. Further information (such as full transcripts , if appropriate) can be included in an appendix .

When asked about video games as a form of art, the respondents tended to believe that video games themselves are not an art form, but agreed that creativity is involved in their production. The criteria used to identify artistic video games included design, story, music, and creative teams.One respondent (male, 24) noted a difference in creativity between popular video game genres:

“I think that in role-playing games, there’s more attention to character design, to world design, because the whole story is important and more attention is paid to certain game elements […] so that perhaps you do need bigger teams of creative experts than in an average shooter or something.”

Responses suggest that video game consumers consider some types of games to have more artistic potential than others.

Your results section should objectively report your findings, presenting only brief observations in relation to each question, hypothesis, or theme.

It should not  speculate about the meaning of the results or attempt to answer your main research question . Detailed interpretation of your results is more suitable for your discussion section , while synthesis of your results into an overall answer to your main research question is best left for your conclusion .

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I have completed my data collection and analyzed the results.

I have included all results that are relevant to my research questions.

I have concisely and objectively reported each result, including relevant descriptive statistics and inferential statistics .

I have stated whether each hypothesis was supported or refuted.

I have used tables and figures to illustrate my results where appropriate.

All tables and figures are correctly labelled and referred to in the text.

There is no subjective interpretation or speculation on the meaning of the results.

You've finished writing up your results! Use the other checklists to further improve your thesis.

If you want to know more about AI for academic writing, AI tools, or research bias, make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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The results chapter of a thesis or dissertation presents your research results concisely and objectively.

In quantitative research , for each question or hypothesis , state:

• The type of analysis used
• Relevant results in the form of descriptive and inferential statistics
• Whether or not the alternative hypothesis was supported

In qualitative research , for each question or theme, describe:

• Recurring patterns
• Significant or representative individual responses
• Relevant quotations from the data

Don’t interpret or speculate in the results chapter.

Results are usually written in the past tense , because they are describing the outcome of completed actions.

The results chapter or section simply and objectively reports what you found, without speculating on why you found these results. The discussion interprets the meaning of the results, puts them in context, and explains why they matter.

In qualitative research , results and discussion are sometimes combined. But in quantitative research , it’s considered important to separate the objective results from your interpretation of them.

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Customize this research report template to help you record your pertinent research findings and organize and present your data.

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A research paper is a type of academic writing demonstrating a researcher's ability to conduct in-depth research on a particular topic, critically analyze sources, and present an original argument. The research paper is often the culmination of a longer research process that includes evaluating sources, brainstorming and planning ideas, and drafting and revising the essay. Primary research involves fact-finding by the researcher rather than relying on secondary sources. It is conducted through surveys, interviews, focus group discussions, and observations. Secondary research looks at previously published data. The researcher must always check for the accuracy and credibility of secondary data. To come up with sound findings, researchers must be critical of both primary and secondary sources and assess their strengths and limitations. Once high-quality sources have been gathered, researchers must consider how to structure their argument. The introduction should introduce the topic at hand and provide a brief overview of the main points addressed in the body of the paper. The body of the paper should develop each of those points in detail, using evidence from the sources to support the argument. The conclusion summarizes

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