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Introduction to Hypothesis Testing
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Presentation on theme: "Introduction to Hypothesis Testing"— Presentation transcript:
Introductory Mathematics & Statistics for Business
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How to Write a Hypothesis
Aug 24, 2014
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How to Write a Hypothesis. Steps of the Scientific Method. Problem/Question? Collect Information Create a Hypothesis Perform an Experiment Analyze Data Conclusion. The hypothesis is the most important part of your investigation!. What is a hypothesis again?? It is an educated guess.
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Steps of the Scientific Method Problem/Question? Collect Information Create a Hypothesis Perform an Experiment Analyze Data Conclusion
The hypothesis is the most important part of your investigation! What is a hypothesis again?? It is an educated guess. It is your prediction about the outcome of the experiment. It explains a cause and effect.
A Hypothesis ... is written in the following way: “If the (independent variable) is (describe change), then the (dependent variable) will (describe measure).” IMPORTANT: You must always write a hypothesis as an “IF...THEN” statement. It shows how the independent and dependent variables are related.
Now Let’s Try! Here is a scenario: Mrs. Smith wants to know if the amount of TV her son, Jeff, watches affects the number of times he wakes up at night.
First, let’s figure out what our variables are... Independent variable? (hint- change) TV time (1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours) Dependent variable? (hint- measure) How many times Jeff wakes up at night.
And our hypothesis is? If the (amount of TV time) is (increased), then the (number of times Jeff wakes up) will (increase). Sound good?
Let’s try another scenario... Ms. Szydelko wants to find out if using fertilizer on her sunflowers will affect how high they grow. What might her hypothesis be?
Ms. Szydelko says... “If the amount of fertilizer used on the sunflowers increases, then the height of the sunflowers will also increase.”
Ready for some practice? #1 – Put everything away. #2 – I will count you off by 4’s. Remember your number! #3 – After you join your group, have one group member come and get a mini white board, marker, and tissue (for your eraser). #4 – YOU HAVE 2 MINUTES TO DO THIS.
INSTRUCTIONS I will put a problem or question up on the board. You will discuss with your group and come up with a HYPOTHESIS. When I say “show me your answer,” one person from the group holds up the white board. You must pass the whiteboard to a different team member for each question/problem.
Problem #1 Billy Bob wants to know if the amount of time 6th graders at IJHS spent playing video games affects their science test scores.
Problem #2 Davey Jones has seen those commercials that say “Axe” body spray attracts girls. He decides to test if the amount of times he sprays Axe body spray on himself affects the number of girls that approach him during one school day.
Problem #3 Brendan Quinn is setting up an experiment to find out if the weight of a hockey puck has an affect on the speed of his slap shot.
Problem #4 Dr. McDermott is really curious to find out if the amount of time students spend each night on homework affects their grades.
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COMMENTS
7-1 Basics of Hypothesis Testing 7-2 Testing a Claim about a Mean: Large Samples 7-3 Testing a Claim about a Mean: Small Samples 7-4 Testing a Claim about a Proportion 7- 5 Testing a Claim about a Standard Deviation (will cover with chap 8) Chapter 7Hypothesis Testing. 7-1 Basics of Hypothesis Testing. Hypothesis in statistics, is a statement regarding a characteristic of one or more ...
3 Hypothesis Testing A systematic procedure for deciding whether the results of a research study (using a sample) supports a hypothesis that applies to a population (probabilistic conclusion) Hypothesis: A predictions tested in a research study based on informal observation or theory e.g., Concrete words are remembered better than Abstract Theory: a set of principles that attempts to explain ...
18 Steps for hypothesis testing. Step 1: State the hypotheses Be sure to state both the null and alternative hypotheses . Step 2: Select a level of significance (1%, 5% or 10%) Step 3: Calculate the test value Step 4: Calculate the probability value Step 5: Make a decision Step 6: Summarize results. Download ppt "Formulation of hypothesis and ...
"A hypothesis is a conjectural statement of the relation between two or more variables" (Kerlinger, 1956). "Hypothesis is a formal statement that presents the expected relationship between an independent and dependent variable" (Creswell, 1994). Basically, a hypothesis is a prediction of what can or can't happen between different things.
Presentation Transcript. Hypothesis Defined (contd.) • It indicates the expectations of the researcher regarding certain variables. • It is the most specific way in which an answer to a problem can be stated • A hypothesis is never to be stated as a question, but always as a statement with an explanation following it.
Step 3: Form a Hypothesis • We write the hypothesis in an If-Then statement ex: If the amount of fertilizer is increased, then the height of the plant will increase. Variables & Controls • A variable is anything that changes in a scientific experiment. • The control is what you use to compare the results to in the end of the experiment.
Introduction to Hypothesis Testing and Estimation.pptx - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt / .pptx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. This document provides an introduction to hypothesis testing and estimation in inferential statistics. It discusses the key steps in hypothesis testing, including formulating the null and alternative hypotheses ...
Abstract. Hypothesis means less than or less certain than a thesis. Presumptive statement of a proposition or a tentative guess based upon available evidence. It is a tentative or working ...
Effect size. Significance tests inform us about the likelihood of a meaningful difference between groups, but they don't always tell us the magnitude of that difference. Because any difference will become "significant" with an arbitrarily large sample, it's important to quantify the effect size that you observe.
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1 Introduction to Hypothesis Testing. 2 What is a Hypothesis Test? A hypothesis test is a statistical method that uses sample data to evaluate a hypothesis about a population. 3 Falsifiability A good hypothesis is one that is falsifiable. You cannot prove something that cannot be disproved Better yet, you cannot support a hypothesis if you ...
Hypothesis+Testing+Complete+Slides - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. This document provides an overview of statistical inference and hypothesis testing. It discusses key concepts like point estimation, confidence intervals, sample means, and hypothesis testing errors.
The alternative hypothesis (denoted H1 or Ha) is a statement that the value of a population parameter somehow differs from the null hypothesis. The symbolic form must be a >, < or ≠ statement. We will be testing the null hypothesis directly (by assuming it's true) to reach a conclusion to either reject H0 or fail to reject H0.
Elly Thorsen. This scientific method resource about hypotheses contains two interactive notebook pages and a 27 slide PowerPoint. The notes are about about what a hypothesis is and how to write a good hypothesis. The If/then format and the placement of the independent variable before the dependent variable are emphasized.
Presentation Transcript. Hypothesis Testing: Inferential statistics These will help us to decide if we should: 1) believe that the relationship we found in our sample data is the same as the relationship we would find if we tested the entire population OR 2) believe that the relationship we found in our sample data is a coincidence produced by ...
It explains a cause and effect. A Hypothesis ... is written in the following way: "If the (independent variable) is (describe change), then the (dependent variable) will (describe measure).". IMPORTANT: You must always write a hypothesis as an "IF...THEN" statement. It shows how the independent and dependent variables are related. Now ...