mahatma gandhi odia essay pdf

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Gandhi in odisha – i, kailash chandra dash.

  Mahatma Gandhi visited Odisha seven times. In this four-part series, Kailash Chandra Dash gives an account of Gandhiji’s remarkable visits.

Gandhian philosophy and ideas were considerably appreciated in Odisha during his lifetime and even after his death. The first known article on him entitled Purusasimha Gandhi (Mahatma Mohanchand Karamchand Gandhi) with his image was presented in 1916 in Utkal Sahitya by its illustrious editor Biswanath Kar who described him as God among men (Nara Devata).

Gobinda Mishra

The brief introduction by Kar indicated his awareness of the activities of Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa as well as in India by 1916. Gobinda Mishra, a great revolutionary from Daspallastate of Odisha, was an inmate of Sabarmati Satyagraha  Ashram of Mahatma Gandhi from November 18, 1918. While staying in that Ashram Gobinda Mishra had published an article entitled Bharatare Naba Jagarana (New Awakening in India) in Odia in Sambalpur Hiteisini from Bamanda in February 1919. He had presented Mahatma Gandhi and his non-violent program to the Odias in clear and cogent language. This relationship of Gobinda Mishra with Mahatma also enabled the latter to acquaint him with Odisha. It was the period when the Odias were more interested in the union of all Odia speaking areas through the powerful organisation Utkala Sammilani and then there was no strong wave of political activities affecting Odisha.

Puri Famine

During the Khilafat movement, Gopabandhu Das was the only active leader to think of an all India question. The Puri famine in 1919 made Mahatma Gandhi more concerned about Odisha and he came to know more on this province from Gobinda Mishra. According to Gobinda Mishra, he had presented before Gandhi the speech of Gopabandhu Das in Bihar Orissa Council meeting on the Puri famine and this satisfied him so much so that he sent Amritalal Thakkar (a member of Bharat Sebak Samradaya) to Puri to know about the situation. He also sent Rupees 5000 for Puri famine through Thakkar. Mahatma also presented an article on the Puri Famine in his Young India and Naba Bharat where he stated clearly that his disciple Gobinda Mishra told him about Odisha problems. In the Nagpur Congress session, Mahatma Gandhi had three minutes talk with Gopabandhu Das and therefore the Non-cooperation Movement began to spread to Odisha.

Non-cooperation

In 1920 the message of Non-cooperation of Mahatma Gandhi was well known in Odisha. In Utkal Dipika of 25 th September and 20 th , November of 1920 two important articles in English on Non-cooperation were published. During that time in ‘Asha’ and ’Samaj’, there was interesting debate and discourse on the Non-cooperation Movement of Mahatma Gandhi. In Utkal Dipika in the two articles, there was considerable focus on Mahatma Gandhi and his message of non-violent Satyagraha. On his message of Non-cooperation the Utkala Dipika of 20 th November 1920, there was an interesting remark. According to this report-“non-cooperation has come as a tremendous boon and is called a powerful weapon which is going to prove formidable as its propaganda operation starts. It has spread already.

First visit

Mahatma Gandhi for the first time came to Odisha on 22 nd March 1921. His visit was necessary for the spread of non-cooperation message in Odisha. He remained in Odisha for 8 days and spread his message of Satyagraha and non-cooperation in Cuttack, Puri, Balasore, and Ganjam. On March 23 rd he addressed a huge audience in Kathjori sand zone in Cuttack. He addressed the public in Cuttack on 24 th March, in Bhadrak on 25 th March and after delivering his address at Bhadrak on March 25 th he came to take rest in Puri Golakothi thorough Sakhigopal on 26 th March. On March 27 he addressed the women in Puri in a women conference. On that day, he also addressed a big gathering of people at Gundicha mandira in Puri. He remained in Puri on 28 th and 29 th March and left for Brahmapur. He also addressed the great gathering of people on 29 th March and left to Andhra Pradesh on 30 th March for attending the All India Congress Committee Meeting at Bejwada (Vijayawada).

Tilak Swaraj Fund

The purpose of this meeting was to collect more men and women for Congress membership and the collection of one crore of rupees for Tilak Swaraj Fund by June 30, 1921. Odisha`s share was three lakhs of Congress members and three lakhs of rupees for Tilak Swaraj Fund. This amount was to be shared by all the districts of Odisha.

Unprecedented Awakening

After this visit by Mahatma Gandhi in 1921, there was an unprecedented awakening in the rural and urban areas of Odisha. There was a wide discussion on him and in the rural areas, his message was widespread. As an inmate of Sabarmati Satyagraha Ashram, Gobinda Mishra had published the biography of Mahatma in Odia up to 1921. By June 1921 there were three important discourses on Mahatma Gandhi in Odia language which popularized his message in Odisha. The three works were Mahatma Gandhi by Padma Charan Pattnaik of Puri which was printed in Utkal Sahitya Press Cuttack, Gandhinka Swaraj (Swaraj of Gandhi in Odia) by Chintamani Acharya which was also printed in Utkal Sahitya Press, Cuttack and Gandhi Mahatyma (in Odia Bhagavata form) by Jagabandhu Singh of Puri which was printed by Samaj Press.

Gandhi Mahatmya

The last book was proscribed by the colonial government. Police took away 40 books and the original manuscript. These three books presented Mahatma Gandhi as an extra-ordinary figure with a great mission for his country. Gandhi Mahatmya contained interesting verses on Mahatma`s early life till 1921 and its aim was to articulate Gandhian ideas before the rural uneducated Odias. Jagabandhu Singh followed a simple style by which rural world would understand Mahatma Gandhi and his messages. Besides the Gandhian literature containing the life and message of Mahatma Gandhi for the rural Odias, there was increasing space for Gandhian Satyagraha and Non-cooperation strategy in the Odia newspapers like the Utkal Dipika and Asha which stirred the masses with revolutionary ideas in 1922. In 1922 with the spread of Gandhian ideas in the rural areas Mahatma Gandhi was worshipped as an incarnation of God. In 1922 during the Ratha Yatra occasion in Brahmapur, the non-cooperators used the image of Mahatma in front of the Chariots. The Asha, an Odia newsweekly on 3 rd June 1922 could not appreciate this attitude of the Congress leaders.

Gandhi was very popular in Odisha. Gandhi was presented in a poem in Odia as Gandhi Avatara who is Patitatarana(Purifier of the fallen), Aratatrana(Holder of the Spinning wheel), Daridrya Barana(Remover of Poverty) and Dayara Adhara(Source of Compassion). This deification of Gandhi led to the worship of Gandhi Thakurani, the spread of Gandhi Siddha, Gandhi Hukuma and Gandhi Mela.

Swaraj Geeta

His greatness due to his attempt to remove untouchability appeared in Swaraj Geeta which appeared in Asha of April 16, 1923. The interesting serial entitled ‘Asahayogira  Atmakatha’(The Autobiography of a Non-cooperator) in Utkal Sahitya revealed the deification of Mahatma Gandhi. Later on, in 1960 it was published in a book form and the author was Kantakabi Lakshmikanta Mahapatra. The Gandhi Festival was very famous in the rural areas of Ganjam which was reported in Asha of 12 th July 1923. Gandhi Thakurani Puja was widespread in the southern part of Ganjam particularly in Sorala of Ganjam.

Jayamangala Rath

Famous reformist thinker Jayamangala Rath could not appreciate this deification of Gandhi (Gandhi Thakurani Puja) though he was a great follower of Gandhian ideas in Ganjam. This worship of Gandhi was well known in Ganjam in 1924 and the Asha of October 24, 1924, stated that though it was superstitious this worship of Gandhi led to the unity and amity of all sections of the society irrespective of caste, color, and creed. Sarat Chandra Mahapatra, a non-cooperator from Ganjam in his serial entitled ‘Kangresa Karmeera Anubhuti’ (The Experience of a Congress Activist) in Asha of July 1923 presented in detail the spread and impact of Gandhian Satyagraha in Odisha.

(To Continue)

(The writer is a scholar and historian)

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Excellent article.

Many important points not metioned as he at bhadrakh spelled for the first time against British government and approved odisha claim for separate state many more things

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Essay on Mahatma Gandhi [100, 150, 200, 300, 500 Words]

Essay on Mahatma Gandhi in English: In this article, you are going to read short and long essays on Mahatma Gandhi in English (100, 150, 200-250, 300, and 500 words). This article will be also helpful for you If you are looking for a speech on Mahatma Gandhi or Paragraph on Mahatma Gandhi in English. We’ve written this article for students of all classes (nursery to class 12). So, let’s get started.

Table of Contents

Short Essay on Mahatma Gandhi 100 Words

Mahatma Gandhi was one of the greatest leaders of our country. He was born in Porbandar, India, on October 2, 1869. His father Karamchand Gandhi was the Dewan and his mother Putlibai was a pious lady. Gandhiji went to England to become a barrister. In 1893 he went to South Africa and worked for the rights of our people.

He returned to India in 1915 and joined the freedom struggle. He started many political movements like Non-cooperation movement, Salt Satyagraha, Quit India Movement to fight against the British. Gandhiji worked for the ending of the caste system and the establishment of Hindu-Muslim unity. He was killed by Nathuram Godse On January 30, 1948.

Mahatma Gandhi Essay in English 150 Words

Mahatma Gandhi was a great leader. His full name was Mohandas and Gandhi. He was born on October 2, 1869 at Porbandar. His father was a Diwan. He was an average student. He went to England and returned as a barrister.

In South Africa, Gandhiji saw the bad condition of the Indians. There he raised his voice against it and organised a movement.

In India, he started the non-cooperation and Satyagraha movements to fight against the British Government. He went to jail many times. He wanted Hindu-Muslim unity. In 1947, he got freedom for us.

Gandhiji was a great social reformer. He worked for Dalits and lower-class people. He lived a very simple life. He wanted peace. He believed in Ahimsa.

On January 30, 1948, he was shot dead. We call him ‘Bapu’ out of love and respect. He is the Father of the Nation.

Also Read: 10 Lines on Mahatma Gandhi

Essay on Mahatma Gandhi 200-250 Words

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi was an Indian lawyer, freedom activist, and politician. Gandhiji was born on October 2, 1869 at Porbandar, Gujarat. His father Karamchand Gandhi was the Chief Minister (diwan) of Porbandar state. His mother Putlibai was a religious woman.

He went to England to study law at the age of 18 years. After his return to India, he started a practice as a lawyer in the Bombay High Court. He went to South Africa and started practicing law. There he protested against the injustice and harsh treatment of the white people towards the native Africans and Indians.

He returned to India in 1915 and started to take interest in politics. Mahatma Gandhi used the ideals of truth and non-violence as weapons to fight against British colonial rule. He worked for the upliftment of Harijans. He fought against untouchability and worked for Hindu-Muslim unity.

Through his freedom movements like Non-cooperation movement, Khilafat movement, and civil disobedience movement he fought for freedom against the British imperialists. 1942, he launched the Quit India movement to end the British rule. At last, India got freedom in 1947 at his initiative.

People affectionately call him ‘Bapu’ and the ‘Father of the Nation’. He was shot dead in 1948 by the Hindu fanatic Nathuram Godse.  Gandhiji’s life is a true inspiration for all of us.

Mahatma Gandhi Essay in English 300 Words

Mahatma Gandhi was born at Porbandar in Gujarat on 2nd October, 1869. His father was the Diwan of the State. His name was Karam Chand Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi’s full name was Mohan Das Karamchand Gandhi. His mother’s name was Putali Bai. Mahatma Gandhi went to school first at Porbandar then at Rajkot. Even as a child, Mahatma never told a lie. He passed his Matric examination at the age of 18.

Mohan Das was married to Kasturba at the age of thirteen. Mahatma Gandhi was sent to England to study law and became a Barrister. He lived a very simple life even in England. After getting his law degree, he returned to India.

Mr. Gandhi started his law practice. He went to South Africa in the course of a law suit. He saw the condition of the Indians living there. They were treated very badly by the white men. They were not allowed to travel in 1st class on the trains, also not allowed to enter certain localities, clubs, and so on. Once when Gandhiji was travelling in the 1st class compartment of the train, he was beaten and thrown out of the train. Then Mahatma decided to unite all Indians and started the Non-violence and Satyagrah Movement. In no time, the Movement picked up.

Mahatma Gandhi returned to India and joined Indian National Congress. He started the Non-violence, Non-cooperation Movements here also. He travelled all over India, especially the rural India to see the conditions of the poor.

Mahatma Gandhi started Satyagrah Movement to oppose the Rowlatt Act and there was the shoot-out at Jalian-Wala-Bagh. The Act was drawn after many people were killed. He then started the Salt Satyagraha and Quit India Movements. And finally, Gandhiji won freedom for us. India became free on 15th August, 1947. He is called as “Father of the Nation”. Unfortunately, Gandhiji was shot on 30 January 1948 by a Hindu extremist Nathuram Godse.

Also Read: Gandhi Jayanti Speech 10 Lines

Mahatma Gandhi Essay in English 500 Words

Introduction:.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi was a politician, social activist, writer, and leader of the Indian national movement. He is a figure known all over the world. His name is a household word in India, rather, in all the world round. His creed of non-violence has placed him on the same par with Buddha, Sri Chaitanya, and Jesus Christ.

Family & Education:

Mahatma Gandhi was born in the small town of Porbandar in the Kathiwad state on October 2, 1869. His father Karamchand Gandhi was the prime minister of Rajkot State and his mother Putlibai was a pious lady. Her influence shaped the future life of Mahatma Gandhi.

He was sent to school at a very early age, but he was not a very bright student. After his Matriculation Examination, he went to England to study law and returned home as a barrister. He began to practice law in Bombay but he was not very successful.

Life in South Africa:

In 1893 Gandhiji went to South Africa in connection with a case. He found his own countrymen treated with contempt by the whites. Gandhiji started satyagraha against this color hated. It was a non-violent protest, yet hundreds were beaten up and thousands were sent to jail. But Gandhiji did not buzz an inch from his faith in truth and non-violence and at last, he succeeded in his mission. He was awarded the title of Mahatma.

Fight for India’s Independence:

In 1915 Gandhiji came back to India after twenty long years in South Africa. He joined the Indian National congress and championed the cause of India’s freedom movement. He asked people to unite for the cause of freedom. He used the weapons of truth and non-violence to fight against the mighty British.

The horrible massacre at Jalianwalabag in Punjab touched him and he resolved to face the brute force of the British Government with moral force. In 1920 he launched the Non-cooperation movement to oppose British rule in India.

He led the famous Dandi March on 12th March 1930. This march was meant to break the salt law. And as a result of this, the British rule in India had already started shaking and he had to go to London for a Round Table Conference in 1931. But this Conference proved abortive and the country was about to give a death blow to the foreign rule.

In 1942 Gandhiji launched his final bout for freedom. He started the ‘Quit India’ movement. At last, the British Government had to quit India in 1947, and India was declared a free country on August 15, 1947.

Social Works:

Mahatma Gandhi was a social activist who fought against the evils of society. He found the Satyagraha Ashram on the banks of the Sabarmati river in Gujarat. He preached against untouchability and worked for Hindu-Muslim unity. He fought tirelessly for the rights of Harijans.

Conclusion:

Mahatma Gandhi, the father of the nation was a generous, god-loving, and peace-loving person. But unfortunately, he was assassinated by Nathuram Godse on 30th January 1948 at the age of 78. To commemorate Gandhiji’s birth anniversary Gandhi Jayanti is celebrated every year on October 2. Gandhiji’s teachings and ideologies will continue to enlighten and encourage us in the future.

Read More: 1. Essay on Swami Vivekananda 2. Essay on Subhash Chandra Bose 3. Essay on Mother Teresa 4. Essay on APJ Abdul Kalam 5. Essay on Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

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