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Oracle DataGuard Concepts and Architecture

Published by Catherine Mills Modified over 9 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "Oracle DataGuard Concepts and Architecture"— Presentation transcript:

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第I部 概要および管理

次の各項では、Oracle Data Guardの概要および管理について説明します。

Oracle Data Guardの概要

Oracle Data Guardの開始

フィジカル・スタンバイ・データベースの作成

ロジカル・スタンバイ・データベースの作成

遠隔同期インスタンスの使用

Oracle Data Guardの保護モード

フィジカルおよびスナップショット・スタンバイ・データベースの管理

ロジカル・スタンバイ・データベースの管理

RMANを使用したファイルのバックアップおよびリストア

SQL Applyを使用したOracle Databaseのアップグレード

DBMS_ROLLINGを使用したローリング・アップグレードの実行

Oracle Data Guardの使用例

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Oracle Data Guard - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oracle Data Guard

Copy files from primary to standby system. on primary system set pfile parameters ... manually register any redo logs with the standby that are available and that ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.

• What is Oracle Data Guard?
• Oracle 9i Data Guard Features
• New features in 10g
• New features in 11g
• Management Tools
• What are we doing with Data Guard?
• Oracle Data Guard is the management, monitoring, and automation software infrastructure that creates, maintains, and monitors one or more standby databases to protect data from failures, disasters, errors, and corruption
• Types of Standby Databases
• Creating Standby Databases
• Log Transport Services
• Log Apply Services
• Switchover/Failover
• Physical Standby Database
• Logical Standby Database
• Snapshot Standby Database (11g)
• A physical standby database is physically identical to the primary database, with on-disk database structures that are identical to the primary database on a block-for-block basis. The database schema, including indexes, must be the same.
• Managed Recovery- Physical standby is maintained by applying archived redo logs on the standby using Oracle recovery operations. Recovery applies changes on a block for block basis.
• Open Read-Only- Physical standby databases can only be queried in Read-Only mode.
• Disaster Recovery/High Availability- Switchover/failover allow for role reversal of primary and standby, minimizing downtime of primary database.
• Data Protection- Data Guard can ensure no data loss with physical standby.
• Reduction in primary database workload- Can take backups from physical standby.
• Performance- Physical standby is more efficient than Logical, in that it uses redo apply technology rather than SQL apply. It bypasses SQL level mechanisms, and applies redo directly at block level.
• Initially created as a copy of primary database. Can later be changed.
• Automatically applies archived redo log info by transforming data in redo logs into SQL statements and executing them on the logical standby (must remain open).
• Target tables on standby (ones being updated from primary) are read only.
• Efficient use of standby hardware- Logical standby can contain other schemas than those being updated by Data Guard. those other schemas are read/write capable, while those being maintained by Data Guard are read only.
• Reduction of Primary Database Workload- Since standby is open, its available for query (or reporting), offloading work from primary.
• Physical standby database that can be opened for read/write use. Redo logs are still received from primary, just not applied until snapshot standby is converted back into a physical standby.
• Can have similar functionality with 10g Data Guard, however must be done manually with flashback database.
• Make copy of primary database (data files)
• Create standby control file on primary database
• Prepare pfile for standby database
• REMOTE_ARCHIVE_ENABLE- Permission to write remote archive logs.
• Values True,False,Send
• DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT- Converts the filename of a datafile on the primary to a filename onthe standby database. (also paths)
• LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT- Converts the filename of a log on the primary database to the filename of a log on the standby database. (Must use if paths are different between primary and standby)
• FAL_SERVER- Assigns the Oracle Net service name that the standby will use to connect to the fetch archive log server.
• FAL_CLIENT- Assigns fetch archive log client name to be used by the FAL server. This is the Oracle Net service name that the FAL server should use to refer to the standby database.
• STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST- Location on standby system where archived redo logs received from the primary are stored.
• STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT- Automates the creation and deletion of datafile filenames on the standby site using the same filenames as the primary site. Valuesauto,manual
• Copy files from primary to standby system
• On primary system set pfile parameters
• LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2- Specify SERVICEXXXX, XXXX being the service name of the standby database listed in the tnsnames.ora file on the primary system. This is the location for the primary to write its redo.
• LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2- Enables or disables writing of logs to log_archive_dest_2. Values enable, defer, Alternate
• REMOTE_ARCHIVE_ENABLE- Enables or disables the sending of redo logs to remote destinations and the receipt of remote redo logs. Values true,false,send,receive (truesend receive)
• Configure listeners for primary and standby databases
• Set SQLNET.EXPIRE_TIME2 in sqlnet.ora
• Modify tnsnames.ora on both primary and standby
• Create spfile on standby (optional)
• Start physical standby database
• STARTUP NOMOUNT
• ALTER DATABASE MOUNT STANDBY DATABASE
• Initiate log apply services
• ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION
• Start remote archiving (from primary)
• ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT
• Physical standby database is now up and running!
• What are Log Transport services?
• Log Transport Services control the automated transfer of redo data within a Data Guard configuration. They also control the level of data protection for your database.
• Maximum Protection- Highest level of protection. A primary database transaction will not commit until all redo data needed to recover the transaction have been written to at least one standby database, if it cant write to a standby, the primary will shutdown. Guarantees no data loss, but has highest impact on performance of the primary database.
• Maximum Performance- This is the default protection mode. A primary database transaction will not wait to commit until redo data needed to recover the transaction is written to a standby database. This mode provides the highest level of protection available without affecting performance or availability of the primary database. Does not guarantee no data loss.
• Maximum Availability- Offers 2nd highest level of protection. Same as Maximum Protection, except if no standby database is available the primary does not shutdown, it temporarily goes into Maximum Performance mode until a standby is available. This mode guarantees no data loss except for when in Maximum Performance mode. It doesnt effect the availability of the primary like Maximum Protection Mode does.
• Maximum Protection and Maximum Availability modes both require standby redo log files on the standby system. Both use RFS (Remote File Server) process to write to standby redo logs on the standby database system. Maximum Performance mode does not use standby redo logs when using arch process to write to standby.
• Specify the process to transmit redo, ARCH or LGWR (ARCH is the default)
• LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2SERVICEstdby LGWR
• Choose SYNC or ASYNC network transmission mode. Must use SYNC for zero data loss.
• LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2SERVICEstdby ASYNC
• Processes involved in Log apply services (for physical standby)
• Remote File Server (RFS)- Receives redo data from primary.
• Archiver (ARCn)- Archives standby redo logs that are to be applied to standby.
• Managed Recovery Process (MRP)- Applies archived redo logs to standby.
• Start the Physical Standby
• To Stop Log Apply Services
• To Verify Managed Recovery
• To Determine if there is an Archive Gap
• The following views can be used to monitor Log Apply Services
• VMANAGED_STANDBY
• VARCHIVED_LOG
• VLOG_HISTORY
• VDATAGUARD_STATUS
• Switchover- Role reversal between primary and standby databases. Old primary is now a standby. Used for hardware upgrades, OS upgrades, etc.
• Failover- Primary is down with little hope of quick recovery (ie. hardware failure on primary machine). Once failover has been initiated, the old primary database is no longer useful.
• On primary database
• Initiate switchover on primary database
• After the above statement completes the old primary is now a standby database
• While still on old primary shutdown database and restart as standby
• On the old standby system (new primary)
• On new primary complete switchover then restart database
• On new standby start managed recovery
• On new primary begin redo transport
• Switchover Complete!
• Manually register any redo logs with the standby that are available and that have not been applied
• If using standby redo logs, initiate failover with
• If not using standby redo logs
• Convert the Physical Standby to Primary (modify pfile before restart)
• Failover complete!
• Fast Start Failover- Provides the ability to automatically fail over to a designated standby database when the primary goes down. Automatically reconfigures old primary as a standby when it re-enters the configuration.
• Asynchronous Redo Transmission- (LGWR ASYNC) has been improved to reduce the impact on the primary database (LSNn process added to do redo log transmission).
• Flashback Database across Data Guard Switchovers- Now possible to flash back primary and standby to an SCN or point in time prior to switchover operation.
• Snapshot Standby- Physical standby that can be opened read-write, then revert back to managed recovery.
• Active Data Guard- Physical standby that can be opened read-only while redo is still applied to the standby. (SUNY is not currently licensed for this feature)
• New advanced compression for redo transport.
• Transient Logical Standby allows a physical standby to be changed to a logical standby and then back to a physical. Used for rolling database upgrades.
• SQL - Data Guard can be managed and monitored with SQLPLUS. Mostly Manual.
• Data Guard Broker- Special interface for Data Guard. Has command line interface and Java GUI. Less manual than SQLPLUS.
• Grid Control- Grid control has a web based GUI for Data Guard Broker. Enables you to use GC to schedule and monitor Data Guard operations
• Currently ITEC is using Data Guard in its Data Vaulting service. ITEC currently hosts physical standby databases for the following campuses
• Hudson Valley Community College
• Niagara County Community College
• SUNY Brockport
• SUNY Fredonia
• SUNY Oneonta
• SUNY Oswego
• Currently we are using all Physical standby databases. When we started the Data Vaulting service, Banner had data types that were incompatible with logical standby databases. This may be re-evaluated in the future (newer releases of Oracle are compatible with more data types).
• ITEC currently manages all of its physical standby databases using the SQLPlus interface. Our future intent is to use Grid Control to manage and monitor all standby databases. ITEC is currently in the process of rolling out Grid Control to all systems ITEC manages.
• In the Future, when the Dual Data Center project is complete, ITEC will replicate the production databases hosted at ITEC to the Albany (Sys Admin) data center using either storage level replication or Data Guard.

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