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Saving Lives with Connectivity Vehicle-to-Everything National Deployment Plan: A Perspective from the Intelligent Transportation Systems Joint Program Office Director Brian Cronin
"On your left!", from a cyclist to a car. The honk of a horn. A driver waving a pedestrian across the street. A stoplight turning green. These are all forms of communication used daily in transportation. But what if there was another way to communicate - a digital way - that augmented the way humans communicate today and gave us information to make better, safer decisions? What if it gave people more time to make these decisions? That is what the future of transportation looks like with vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. It provides all road users with critical information and situational awareness so they can avoid crashes and travel safely on our roadways, no matter if they are drivers, cyclists, or pedestrians.
This is the goal of the U.S. Department of Transportation's (USDOT) National V2X Deployment Plan , which was released in draft form in October 2023. USDOT is currently reviewing public comments submitted in response to the plan.
We have likely all had the experience of slamming on our brakes on the highway as we came upon a crash that was beyond our field of view. As soon as drivers realize they can stop safely, concern can shift to being hit from behind when another driver fails to stop. Secondary crashes are common, particularly in bad weather, but they don't have to be. V2X communications allow cars to share information with other cars about the crash minutes ahead of time. Many of us have also had the experience of hitting the brakes as a cyclist comes into view as we are making a turn - or perhaps we are that cyclist and must swerve to avoid the car. V2X communications provide the equivalent of a verbal "on your left" heads up, but in advance so drivers and cyclists can have additional time to react and avoid crashes. V2X addresses these all-too-common situations and many more because it allows road users to see beyond their line of sight.
Imagine a city where every intersection broadcasts real-time traffic signal status information and every traffic signal received location information on all travelers. Imagine every pedestrian, bicyclist, and vehicle could send and receive real-time information. In this city, pedestrians obscured by large vehicles would now be seen, and drivers would receive and alert when a vehicle runs a red light. These wireless communications between vehicles, traffic signals, sensors, and pedestrians are secure and private.
Imagine a rural freeway with fog or a blizzard rolling in. How do truckers see if there is a vehicle quickly stopping ahead? How do drivers know if they are approaching a work zone? Imagine receiving a digital alert a mile ahead. Imagine knowing that you should slow down and change lanes. V2X enables this sort of information. We are fortunate to live in a time when these technologies are available today to improve safety on our roads.
V2X is a suite of communications technologies that is designed to save lives, while also enabling improvements in mobility, climate, and the economy. A key priority of the USDOT, a nationwide, interoperable V2X deployment will add value exponentially over time, as the installation of connectivity is used to support a wide array of applications that will support a wide array of benefits. USDOT is working with infrastructure owner-operators, vehicle original equipment manufacturers, mobile network operators, and many others to build this ecosystem. It will take time to build a robust ecosystem, however, we have made incredible strides in the technology communications in the last few years. For example, digital alerting on highways is available now on some automobiles and with a variety of applications. This allows public safety vehicles to display as a warning message in a vehicle, as they rapidly approach with lights and sirens moving toward a medical emergency. Crash imminent safety application infrastructure is beginning to be deployed and vehicle-based applications will follow. How will benefits evolve?
In the near term of the National Deployment Plan, state and local agencies can expect to see benefits of intersection installations for their public fleets in the manner of faster, more reliable travel times. This will help get children to school on time, public transit riders to their jobs, snowy roads plowed faster, and emergency vehicles to the hospital. Pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorcyclists may quickly be part of the ecosystem through their cell phones, or other devices, acting as a beacon to drivers on the road, making them readily seen, or receiving a warning through a phone-based application. As automobile equipage evolves, the dramatic safety benefits will start, and multiply exponentially. Crashes will be prevented, thousands of lives will be saved, and serious injuries will be avoided.
The Federal Communications Commission provided 30 MHz of licensed spectrum to assure the industry that lifesaving crash imminent applications can be developed, deployed, and trusted. To get there, we need to work together. We will also leverage American innovation and the immense capabilities of our mobile network operators to advance digital alerting through our cellular services. Finally, the public sector will draw upon our unique role to ensure public good and equitable deployment of life-saving technology.
With the launch of this plan, we are advancing this journey together towards zero deaths. Join us!
Posted 3/11/24
Việt Nam News
Việt nam, cambodia promote cooperation in military-defence strategy research.
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Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Việt Nam People's Army (VPA) Sen. Lieut. Gen. Huỳnh Chiến Thắng welcomes General Command of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces director General Kim Vanna. VNA/VNS Photo |
HÀ NỘI - Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Việt Nam People's Army (VPA) Sen. Lieut. Gen. Huỳnh Chiến Thắng hosted a reception in Hà Nội on Tuesday for a delegation of the Centre for Military Strategy Studies under the General Command of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces led by its director General Kim Vanna.
Congratulating Cambodia on important achievements that the country has gained so far, Thắng expressed his belief that under the leadership of the Cambodian People's Party headed by President Hun Sen and the management of Prime Minister Hun Manet, Cambodia will achieve greater successes.
He underlined that defence-military cooperation between the two countries have been promoted over the past years with practical effectiveness, becoming an important pillar in relations between Việt Nam and Cambodia.
Notably, the two sides have maintained the exchange of delegations at all levels, especially high-level ones, along with cooperation mechanisms, especially the deputy ministerial defence dialogue, and coordination in border management and protection, human resources training, and popularisation of the historical tradition, the meaning and significance of the Việt Nam-Cambodia solidarity, and coordination in searching and repatriating the remains of martyrs. The two sides have also supported each other at regional and multilateral forums, he noted.
Thắng said that in the coming time, the two military-defence strategy research agencies of the two sides should continue effectively implementing their memorandum of understanding on research cooperation, while sharing information and organising strategic research training courses.
He pledged that leaders of the VPA General Staff will continue supporting and creating optimal conditions for the two agencies to strengthen their cooperation, contributing to further deepening bilateral defence cooperation.
For his part, Kim Vanna said he hopes the two sides will continue to work together and support each other, contributing to enhancing the friendship between the two militaries and people for peace and stability in the region. - VNS
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State Information Service Your Gateway to Egypt
If indefinite articles are the proverbial thorn in your side, the good news is that you don't need a.
If indefinite articles are the proverbial thorn in your side, the good news is that you don't need a lot of grammatical jargon to understand their usage. You simply need your ears (okay, and maybe just a little grammatical jargon). In English, a and
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Egypt National Climate Change Strategy (NCCS) 2050
![is a general plan for implementing the research strategy Climate Change Strategy 2050](https://beta.sis.gov.eg/media/457754/1.jpg)
Egypt launched on 19/5/2022 the National Climate Change strategy 2050.
Egypt's National Climate Change strategy is designed to consolidate all aspects of climate change in one document to be a basic reference that ensures the integration of climate change dimension into general planning of all sectors in the country. It was developed at the request of the National Council for Climate Change.
The strategy contains five key goals and sets directions to achieve each objective:
Goal 1: Achieving Sustainable Economic Growth and Low-Emission Development in Various Sectors
Objective (1.a): Energy transition by increasing the share of all renewable and alternative energy sources in the energy mix
The energy field is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and represents about 64.5 of the total greenhouse gas emissions, according to the biennially updated report that was prepared in 2018. These emissions result from burning natural gas and petroleum products to produce energy, and power plants in Egypt depend mainly on natural gas, due to their self-sufficiency after recent discoveries.
However, the contribution of new and renewable energy sources in the production of electrical energy amounted to 4.4% in 20192020/, with an increase of more than two thousand megawatts compared to the 20152016/ rates, through a mixture of electricity generating stations using wind energy, and solar energy (represented in photovoltaic cells and concentrated solar cells), in Egypt National Climate Change Strategy (NCCS) 2050 14 addition to the contribution of water sources, especially the High Dam, which represents another 7.6% of the generated electricity mixture.
The Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy has taken several measures aimed at increasing the contribution of new and renewable energy, which is planned to reach 42% of the total electrical energy produced in 2035.
Objective (1.b): Reducing emissions associated with the use of fossil fuels
In the context of reducing emissions from the energy sector, focus should also be placed on the possibility of using low-carbon fuel alternatives, especially in areas where fuel cannot be dispensed with as part of the operation process, and the effectiveness of this goal has increased due to the availability of alternatives that achieve lower emissions of greenhouse Egypt National Climate Change Strategy (NCCS) 2050 15 gases, such as Natural gas, which Egypt achieved a surplus of its production in past years. Indeed, the use of natural gas in power stations reached 94.1% during 20192020/, while reducing the consumption of Mazut and Diesel compared to the previous year. The objective looks forward to spreading this culture in various sectors.
Objective (1.c): Maximizing energy efficiency
In an effort to complete the energy-related axes, energy efficiency is one of the most important axes of work, as it ensures increased utilization of resources, whether in their primary form as fuel or through produced electric energy. This consequently leads to the availability of resources for other developmental uses, and thus achieves the main objective of sustainable economic development through lower emissions.
Objective (1.d): Adopt sustainable consumption and production trends for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from other non-energy activities
Sectors such as agriculture and waste also represent significant contributing percentages to the total greenhouse gases, as the contribution of each of them amounted to about 9% of the 2018 rates. The agricultural sector is one of the most sensitive sectors to climate changes, as it directly or indirectly affects the efficiency of the sector, which threatens the achievements of food security, and therefore economic growth. Given the sensitivity of the agricultural sector and its direct impact on the economy, the expected contribution seeks to increase productivity while maintaining emissions levels more than reducing them, unlike the waste sector, which has the capabilities to reduce emissions significantly, as the government is working to develop the waste management system.
Goal 2: Enhancing Adaptive Capacity and Resilience to Climate Change and Alleviating the Associated Negative Impacts
Objective (2.a): Protect citizens from the negative health impacts of climate change
The updated Egypt Vision 2030 states that the human being is the main focus of development as one of the governing principles of the strategy. Based on this principle, the importance of protecting citizens from the negative health impacts of climate change, especially at the cusp of the Covid-19 pandemic, is evident. This showed how important it is to prepare well for emergency health variables and join efforts in the various relevant sectors to try to manage the crisis well and limit the negative impacts on citizens.
Objective (2.b): Minimize loss and damage to country assets and ecosystems by preserving them from the impacts of climate change
Preserving state assets, such as infrastructure and historical heritage monuments from the impacts of climate change is one of the most important strategic goals due to its great social, economic and cultural dimensions. The preservation of ecosystems is also of paramount importance to maintain the ecological balance and prevent negative social, health and economic impacts that may result from a disturbance in that balance.
Objective (2.c): Preserving the country›s resources from the impacts of climate change
Preserving natural resources is an essential part of achieving sustainability in general. Natural resources are the main source of economic development and are the source of food and raw materials for various industries. They are also the lands on which various development projects are developed. Therefore, it is necessary to preserve them from the threats of climate change and maximize their utilization as much as possible.
Objective (2.d): Resilient infrastructure and services in the face of climate change impacts
Among the basic services that will create a decent life for citizens and raise the standard of living are infrastructure services, such as road networks, water, sewage and electricity and natural gas distribution network in cities and villages and various residential projects as well as infrastructure serving agricultural and industrial projects. Given the importance of these services, it must be ensured that they are ready to deal with the various impacts expected from climate changes, such as sea level rise, precipitation concentration and temperature increase.
Objective (2.e): Implementation of disaster risk reduction concepts
The readiness to deal with potential risks is one of the most important factors that will reduce the expected and unexpected impacts in general. Taking into account the extent of the impact of climate change and Egypt’s status as one of the most affected countries, the aim of the objective is to ensure that there are means of forecasting and warning followed by actions taken on the ground to address these risks.
Objective (2.f): Preserving and expanding green spaces
Afforestation and the increase of green spaces contribute to the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and reduction of thermal stress, especially with the rise in temperatures as a result of climate change. Accordingly, preserving and expanding green spaces contribute to the reduction of GHG emissions and are an adaptation to the negative impacts of rising temperatures.
Goal 3: Enhancing Climate Change Action Governance
Objective (3.a): Defining the roles and responsibilities of the different stakeholders in order to achieve the strategic goals
The synergy of various efforts is a key factor in the success of achieving strategic goals. The importance of institutional integration between different sectors and ministries is increasing to deal with a complex issue like climate change. Therefore, objective 3.a sheds light to defining and distributing roles in a manner that commensurate with the current situation of conducting tasks and integrating with it.
Objective (3.b): Improving the rank of Egypt in the international profile of climate change actions to attract further investments and climate finance opportunities
To implement the proposed projects and develop monitoring and control systems in the various sectors as well as at the state level, the necessary funding must be provided to support development at all levels. This comes through international grants and loans that support mitigation and adaptation projects, or through internal financing when sources of income are available. There are some bodies that measure climate action indicators at the global level (e.g., CCPI) and these results are taken into account by some international donors. Attracting supportive investments remains one of the most important sources of funding that can achieve effective results on the ground. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize Egypt›s interest in the issue of climate change and to highlight the efforts made in this regard.
Objective (3.c): Sectoral policy reform to capture the required climate change mitigation and adaptation interventions
In order to support the effective implementation of the proposed sectoral measures, the necessary sectoral policies should be developed and reformed to ensure the involvement of the private sector and all relevant groups. The policies of the Ministry of Electricity and Energy to implement solar energy projects through the inclusion of various means (such as feed-in tariffs, public auction and net metering system) is a successful example of Egypt National Climate Change Strategy (NCCS) 2050 30 encouraging the inclusion of the private sector in the implementation of mitigation projects.
Objective (3.d): Enhancing institutional, procedural and legal arrangements such as Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system
Monitoring, reporting and verification system is a major axis in measuring the effectiveness of the specific strategic objectives. It is also one of the most effective tools in enhancing Egypt›s rank in the international profile of climate change actions to attract further investments and climate finance opportunities. With the existence of the NCCC and its effective role at the political level, the importance of extending institutional arrangements to include all levels and in the various relevant sectors must be emphasized.
Goal 4: Enhancing Climate Financing Infrastructure
Objective (4.a): Promoting local green banking and green credit lines
The banking sector is one of the most important sources of project financing in the private and public sectors. The banking entity sets a set of requirements that the recipient of support must comply with before approving the financing. Those set of requirements can include environmental and social aspects to turn those investments into green ones. Following the example of the international banking community, such as The World Bank and other international sources of financing, giving adequate attention to micro, small and Egypt National Climate Change Strategy (NCCS) 2050 32 medium enterprises (MSMEs) to benefit from financing opportunities.
Objective (4.b): Promoting innovative financing mechanisms prioritizing adaptation actions, e.g., green bonds
During the second half of 2020, Egypt issued its first green bond offering with a value of 750 million dollars. Thus, Egypt was the pioneer in issuing these bonds at the level of the Middle East and Africa. Green bonds aim to attract investors who are working on sustainable projects as they are intended for projects related to the environment and climate. Through green bonds, projects can be financed such as those related to renewable energy, energy efficiency, waste management, clean transportation, climate change adaptation and other projects of environmental, social and governance-related importance.
Objective (4.c): Private sector engagement in climate finance and promotion of green jobs
The private sector is generally characterized by flexibility in dealing with rapid changes that affect the investment climate in general. This has been evident during the Covid-19 crisis, which greatly affected the global economy and global trade movement. Due to the pandemic crisis, unemployment rates rose in different countries. The Egyptian state has shown good handling of the crisis as a whole, but due to the ease of making rapid changes, the private sector has contributed to facing the challenges of the crisis. This shows the importance of the sector›s participation in financing climate activities.
Objective 4.d: Compliance with Multilateral Development Banks (MDB) guidelines for climate finance
The Multi-lateral Development Banks (MDB) have added a number of requirements related to climate activities to fund projects. These requirements must be taken into account to facilitate obtaining the funding required to support the work planned to be achieved with high efficiency to ensure continuous improvement in procedures. These requirements include the dimensions of mitigation and adaptation.
Objective (4.e): Building on success of the current climate finance programs
According to the above mentioned, Egypt has already achieved successes in the field of financing climate activities, by offering green bonds, for example, and by implementing policies to involve the private sector in projects for financing solar power plants, such as the Benban plant, which is currently the largest solar power plant using solar energy (Photovoltaic cells) and other projects. That is why it is necessary to learn from previous successes to repeat them and to know the obstacles that were faced in order to avoid them.
Goal 5: Enhancing Scientific Research, Technology Transfer, Knowledge Management and Awareness to Combat Climate Change
Objective (5.a): Strengthening the role of scientific research and technology transfer in climate change mitigation and adaptation
Scientific research can contribute to a number of areas related to climate change, such as analyzing climate phenomena, predicting expected changes and developing plans to Egypt National Climate Change Strategy (NCCS) 2050 36 address them, whether with various mitigation or adaptation measures, after studying the effects of plans in detail. The transfer of technology complements the goal by ensuring that research results are implemented on the ground, as well as benefiting from the experiences of others in the same field and developing what has been reached.
Objective (5.b): Facilitating the dissemination of climate-relevant information and knowledge management among government institutions and citizens
In the past years, the circulation of information has become of paramount importance in accelerating the pace of scientific research. It has become a key partner factor supporting technological development, helped by the presence of helpful and open platforms for specialists and those interested in various fields. Egypt has a good infrastructure in the field of communications that enabled it to benefit from the global openness of knowledge. There are a number of important scientific and research tools for every knowledge student, such as the Egyptian Knowledge Bank, which contains many books, references and practical research available to all Egyptian students. In order to maximize the benefit from the efforts, the strategy emphasizes the need to encourage coordination and communication between research and government agencies and decision makers.
Objective (5.c): Raising awareness on climate change among different stakeholders (high-level policy/decision makers, citizens, and students)
Increasing awareness contributes to achieving readiness to deal with any potential threat in a correct manner. It also produces a generation that has sufficient awareness of the dimensions of the issue and thus can increase the effectiveness of the mechanisms required to address the impacts of climate change. As a result, it increases the possibility of their participation as an active part in the green economy and their awareness of the importance of projects established to mitigate the impacts of climate change, as well as adapting, especially with the expectation of increased risks in the future.
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Harris vs. Trump: Where the 2024 Presidential Candidates Stand on Key Housing Issues
August 12, 2024.
![is a general plan for implementing the research strategy cindy](https://www.nmhc.org/globalassets/about/staff/cindy_chetti.jpg)
By Cindy Chetti, Senior Vice President, Government Affairs, NMHC
Cindy Vosper Chetti is Senior Vice President for Government Affairs, with responsibility for managing NMHC’s federal legislative and regulatory advocacy strategy agenda. She also oversees NMHC’s political operations and the NMHC PAC. Learn more about Cindy .
As the 2024 presidential election approaches, our members find themselves at a critical juncture with policies that could significantly impact rental housing providers hanging in the balance. The similarities and differences between former President Trump and Vice President Harris on key issues related to housing, urban development and economic policy represent two distinct outcomes that could impact providers in a multitude of ways.
This analysis aims to shed light on the stances of the two candidates. By understanding these perspectives, members can better anticipate potential policy shifts and their implications for our sector in the coming years.
Use the drop-down feature below to dive into where the 2024 Presidential candidates stand on an array of policy issues—including those that impact rental housing.
Portions of this analysis are provided to NMHC by Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP.
Kamala Harris
- As vice president and as a presidential candidate in 2024, Harris has mostly advocated for the same tax policy priorities as President Biden, including touting the energy-tax provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA, Pub. L. 117-169 ) and committing to protect tax and audit rates for individuals and businesses earning less than $400,000 per year.
- In line with President Biden’s FY 2025 Budget request, Harris proposed raising the corporate tax rate from 21% to 28% and raising the capital gains tax rate. As part of her presidential campaign in 2019, she had proposed raising the corporate tax rate to 35%.
- As a senator, Harris’ most notable tax policy proposal was her introduction of the LIFT the Middle Class Act (LIFT Act), which would have established a refundable tax credit of up to $3,000 for single tax filers and $6,000 for joint filers with low or moderate incomes.
- Harris also introduced the Rent Relief Act of 2019, which would have created a tax credit for low- to moderate-income rent-burdened Americans.
- During her 2020 presidential campaign, Harris highlighted several concepts such as restoring the marginal income tax rate for the top 1% of earners to 39.6% and implementing an “income-based premium tax” of 4% on households making more than $100,000 to pay for her version of “Medicare for All.”
Donald Trump
- One of Trump’s biggest priorities will be cementing his legacy through extending or making permanent the tax rate reductions in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA, Pub. L. 115-97 ), including individual, business and estate tax rates.
- Trump has also proposed taking many TCJA provisions further, such as reducing the TCJA-enacted corporate tax rate of 21% to 20%.
- Trump has proposed numerous additional tax policy proposals on the campaign trail, including to eliminate federal taxation of tip income as well as eliminating the taxation of Social Security benefits.
- Trump has also expressed interest in greater taxation of university endowments.
- To offset the cost of ending the TCJA’s tax provisions, Trump has suggested imposing a 10% baseline tariff on all imports, with a 60% tariff on imports from China.
- In the Senate, Harris introduced the Accountability for Wall Street Executives Act, which would empower state attorneys general and other state law enforcement to issue subpoenas while conducting investigations into national banks’ compliance with state law.
- She also supported legislation to require the Federal Reserve to conduct stress tests on large financial institutions to gauge their resilience to climate-related financial risks.
- Harris has been supportive of increased Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) oversight of various lenders.
- As vice president, she announced the CFPB’s proposal to remove medical debt from credit reports, and her office coordinated with North Carolina officials on a pilot project to forgive medical debt for 2 million individuals.
- During her 2020 campaign, Harris proposed a financial transactions tax (FTT) that would consist of a 0.2% tax on stock trades, a 0.1% tax on bond trades, and a 0.002% tax on derivative transactions.
- In previous campaigns, Trump promised to repeal the Dodd-Frank Act and reduce burdensome, anti-growth regulations.
- During his first term, Trump issued an Executive Order (EO) outlining his “Core Principles for Regulating the United States Financial System.” The principles include empowering Americans to make financial decisions and requiring more rigorous regulatory impact analysis of proposed financial regulations.
- Trump also issued an EO requiring that agencies rescind two federal regulations for every newly created regulation.
- Trump has assumed a pro-cryptocurrency position on the campaign trail, a reversal from his stance on digital assets as president.
- He has repeatedly opposed ESG initiatives, vowing to end the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) climate rule and issue an executive order to limit employer offerings of ESG funds in retirement plans.
- While campaigning for president in July, Harris publicly voiced support for President Biden’s proposal for a 5% cap on annual rent increases, stating that “we will take on corporate landlords and cap unfair rent increases.”
- As California’s attorney general, Harris secured an $18 billion agreement as part of a settlement regarding bank servicing and foreclosure misconduct during the foreclosure crisis.
- Harris drafted and helped pass the California Homeowner Bill of Rights in 2013, which issued numerous reforms in the mortgage process and how foreclosures are handled.
- In the Senate, Harris sponsored the Rent Relief Act in 2018, a bill that would create a refundable tax credit for renters who earn below $100,000 annually and spend more than 30% of their income on rent and utilities.
- Harris sponsored the Housing is Infrastructure Act, which would provide $70 billion to address the public housing capital backlog, and other funds to support public housing.
- The Republican Party’s 2024 platform proposed opening portions of federal lands for new home construction, tax incentives to support first-time buyers, and rescinding “unnecessary” regulations.
- Trump wrote an op-ed with former HUD Secretary Ben Carson in 2020, criticizing efforts to eliminate local single-family zoning regulations.
- His administration terminated the Obama-era Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing regulation.
- His administration also raised the threshold for providing disparate impact liability, rolling back the 2013 Disparate Impact Standard rule.
- Created Opportunity Zones as a way for businesses to invest in underserved neighborhoods through the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
- Trump’s Treasury Department released a plan to end the conservatorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
- Issued and extended a federal eviction moratorium during the COVID-19
- Harris has cemented herself as a staunch advocate of abortion rights. She promises to codify abortion-related protections enshrined in Roe v. Wade into federal law.
- She has promised to expand and strengthen health care coverage provided by the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and reduce health care costs, pivoting from her previous support of a single-payer health care system.
- Harris supports extending Medicaid coverage in the 10 states that have not yet expanded it under the ACA.
- Harris continues to support efforts to lower the cost of prescription drugs and provisions included in the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), including Medicare drug price negotiations. When Harris was running for president, she wanted to go further on drug pricing and proposed capping U.S. prices to the lowest ones negotiated by other countries to no more than the OECD average. Harris also previously endorsed “march- in” rights under the Bayh Dole Act.
- When Harris was attorney general of California, she focused heavily on health care consolidation and anticompetitive behavior in pharmaceutical, insurance and hospital industries. She filed an antitrust lawsuit to block a proposed $54 billion merger of two insurers.
- As vice president, she took the lead on medical debt initiatives and announced rules that ban medical debt from credit reports.
- Trump said he wants to leave abortion in the hands of the states after the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade and declined to endorse a federal abortion ban. Trump has also advocated for exceptions and strongly supports the availability of in vitro fertilization (IVF).
- Trump has softened his “repeal and replace” approach to the ACA, instead highlighting that he is looking at alternatives to make it less expensive. He previously supported establishing Medicaid block grants, Medicaid work requirements and upper payment limits. His administration repealed the individual mandate tax penalty and protected insurance coverage for people with preexisting conditions.
- Trump has been critical of both the pharmaceutical industry and pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs), often rallying against the high cost of prescription drugs. His previous administration finalized regulations that allow states to import lower-cost drugs from Canada and issued regulations requiring hospitals and health insurers to provide consumers list prices for specific drugs and services.
- Trump continues to tout his prior efforts on the Most Favored Nation drug pricing proposal.
- Trump has promised to end surprise medical billing and increase fairness through price transparency, building on his previous administration’s efforts.
- In March 2021, President Biden tapped Harris to engage Mexico and Northern Triangle countries on identifying and addressing the root causes of illegal migration across the region.
- In February 2024, Harris endorsed the Senate’s bipartisan border security package and would revive it if elected.
- During her 2020 presidential campaign, Harris issued a plan to expand the use of deferred action programs and pledged to use executive actions to prevent certain undocumented immigrants from deportations.
- In a May 2024 statement , Harris pledged to protect from deportation those enrolled in the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program.
- In January 2024, Harris called for a implementing a “meaningful pathway to citizenship” to address the current border situation.
- In her first Senate floor speech , Harris denounced Trump’s migration restrictions, declaring that “an undocumented immigrant is not a criminal.”
- In July 2021 remarks , Harris called on Congress to pass legislation to provide a pathway to citizenship for DACA recipients and Dreamers ( H.R.16 ) and to reform the H-2A visa temporary agricultural worker program( H.R.4319 ).
- In November 2019, Harris said she would support lifting current per-country caps on H-1B visas.
- Harris twice sponsored legislation to expedite the reunification of separated families and promote the humane treatment of asylum- seeking immigrants ( S.3227 & S.557 ), to prohibit the use of federal funds for building or expanding migrant detention facilities ( S.2849 & S.2221 ), to improve the safety standards and resettlement processes for unaccompanied children ( S.3624 & S.388 ), and to enhance protections for migrants facing immigration-related legal proceedings ( S.2219 & S.349 ).
- In an April 2024 interview , Trump said his second term agenda would include deporting 15-20 million migrants from the United States; he also expressed openness in creating funding incentives for state and local law enforcement to assist with the federal government’s immigration enforcement.
- In a June 2024 interview , Trump floated a proposal to provide green cards to foreign students who graduate from U.S.-based colleges.
- In May 2023, Trump pledged to pass an Executive Order (EO) banning birthright citizenship on the first day of his second term in office.
- During his first term, Trump pushed for the construction of a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border; he has pledged to “complete” the wall if returned to the White House.
- During his first term, Trump utilized the Title 42 public health order to expel asylum seekers due to public health concerns.
- Under his guidance, DHS instituted the Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP) program in 2018, also known as the “Remain in Mexico” policy.
- Trump moved to rescind the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program in 2017.
- Soon after entering office, Trump signed EO 13769 , which placed restrictions on admitting refugees from several Middle East and North African nations.
- Harris supported President Biden’s actions to limit dependence on Chinese goods, and she said China needs to be held accountable for its anticompetitive behavior, including intellectual property theft.
- In 2021, Harris met with World Trade Organization (WTO) Director General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala and said they both “agreed on the importance of using trade to promote equity and economic growth.”
- Harris criticized Trump’s trade policies during his presidency, and she was one of 10 senators to oppose the USMCA.
- During her 2020 campaign, Harris said any trade deal she signed should protect workers and the environment.
- In a 2019 presidential debate, Harris stated, “I am not a protectionist Democrat,” and advocated for maintaining export markets for American goods.
- Harris has said she would have voted “no” on the North America Fair Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
- Harris opposed President Obama’s proposed Trans- Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade agreement.
- Trump touts his “America First” trade policy, which is aimed at eliminating the trade deficit and protecting American jobs.
- Trump proposed a 60% tariff on Chinese goods and phasing out Chinese imports of essential goods, as well as a 10% tariff on most other imports.
- Trump proposed levying tariffs on electric vehicles (EVs) from Mexico, stating China manufactures EVs in Mexico to avoid tariffs.
- In his first term, Trump withdrew from TPP negotiations, and he imposed tariffs amounting to roughly $380 billion worth of goods in 2018 and 2019, mostly on Chinese goods.
- Trump proposed revoking China’s Most Favored Nation status, and he criticized China’s admission into the WTO.
- Trump negotiated USMCA in 2018 and criticized NAFTA, which he threatened to withdraw from, as “the worst trade deal ever made.”
- Trump criticized the U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS), and he oversaw its revision.
- Trump opposed Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala becoming director general of the WTO, and he threatened to pull the U.S. out of the WTO due to unfair treatment.
- Harris gained a significant portion of her foreign policy experience during her time as vice president and would be expected to largely continue the existing policies of President Biden.
- The potential Harris administration would likely continue to pursue global labor and environmental issues.
- She would likely continue to aid Israel, although she has been seen as more supportive of Palestine than Biden.
- Harris is expected to support existing policies designed to counter Chinese influence in Africa and the Indo- Pacific.
- Harris’s foreign policy team has largely been made up of establishment figures and would pursue a foreign agenda similar to past Democratic administrations.
- Trump has pursued an “America First” policy agenda that has often rejected the notion that America has a responsibility to manage world affairs.
- His will continue to focus on China, and his administration would look at policies that harm Chinese influence and strengthen U.S. engagement in the Indo-Pacific region.
- Trump would likely continue to provide aid to Israel and Taiwan. However, he has criticized support for Ukraine and would most likely push for a negotiated settlement in the conflict.
- A second Trump administration would also be expected to act more unilaterally and push NATO countries to take on a greater role in paying for the alliance’s defense.
- On labor issues, Trump would place an emphasis on protecting domestic manufacturing and would likely pursue protectionist policies that prevent jobs from going overseas.
- Trump would be expected to maintain strong relations with Middle East allies, such as Israel and Saudi Arabia, and would likely push for the expansion of the Abraham Accords and more action against Iran.
- Harris will likely follow the China competition strategy of the Biden administration. Although she is not as hawkish as Biden, Harris has called out the Chinese Communist Party for imposing territory claims on its small neighbors in the South China Sea. She has also reiterated U.S. support for Taiwan.
- During her time as senator, Harris signed on to legislation promoting the imposition of sanctions to individuals connected to human rights abuses in Hong Kong and Xinjiang. She has also committed to prioritizing China’s human rights abuses to Uyghurs and others in her presidential campaign and if she wins office.
- Harris has advocated for de-risking from China to protect American interests and jobs, emphasizing the importance of increasing domestic production capabilities and international alliances.
- Harris often acts in Biden’s place during crucial international gatherings of Indo-Pacific nations to boost alliances with Japan, South Korea and other regional powers. She has also led U.S. delegations during summits in Asia (like ASEAN or APEC) focused on increasing U.S. security and economic partnerships.
- Despite the “tough on China” sentiment, Harris has expressed interest to cooperate with China on climate change and anti-drug/fentanyl trafficking initiatives.
- During Trump’s first term has president, he took a hard stance on China by launching a trade war and hardening ties following the COVID-19 pandemic. In current campaign events, he has expressed plans to ramp up the trade war and impose tariffs of 60%–100% on every Chinese import to the United States.
- Trump’s policy focus is primarily an economic nationalist and protectionist approach, which is often seen in his stance on China. He supports a sharp decoupling from China and increasing restrictions on export controls and outbound investment.
- Trump wishes to go further than bipartisan action against China’s abusive practices, such as dumping goods at low costs to deter competition. He also wishes to stem the flow of U.S. technology and chips to China.
- Trump has often declined to commit to defending Taiwan against Chinese threats, claiming Taiwan should pay the United States for defense. However, many top Trump advisers and senior officials view U.S. support for Taiwan a priority for U.S. national security. The advisors and officials also advocate for continued close cooperation with Asian countries on the front line of Chinese aggression.
- Although Trump is known for being tough on China, he’s occasionally expressed his admiration for Chinese President Xi Jinping’s strength as its leader.
- As vice president, Harris supported modernization and innovation within the military and integrating defense strategies with economic policies. She has also been vocal in her support of comprehensive assistance for veterans.
- Harris strongly supports NATO and has criticized Trump’s approach to the alliance, emphasizing the importance of maintaining robust international partnerships and coalition approaches to addressing global security challenges.
- Harris has emphasized a tough stance on China, advocating for reducing economic dependence and protecting American interests. She has supported policies aimed at de-risking from China and has criticized Trump’s tariffs for hurting the American economy without achieving a rebalance.
- Harris supports deepening alliances in Asia and the Indo-Pacific, endorses Taiwan’s self-defense and championed human rights legislation for Hong Kong and Uyghurs. She has played a significant role in fostering transatlantic cooperation and support for Ukraine.
- Harris advocates for a two-state solution for Israel and Palestine, has called for a temporary cease-fire in Gaza and has supported legislation to restrict arms sales and military assistance to Saudi Arabia.
- Trump focused on China as the foremost military threat to the United States and implemented measures to counter broader Chinese influence. His administration prioritized securing critical supply chains and protecting U.S. research and development from foreign interference.
- Trump oversaw a significant focus on rebuilding and modernizing the U.S. military, with over $2.2 trillion in defense spending. He also established the U.S. Space Force, modernized nuclear forces, enhanced missile defenses and elevated Cyber Command to a major warfighting command.
- Trump criticized European NATO allies for not investing adequately in defense, urging them to increase their security spending, emphasizing NATO’s commitment of 2% member spending on defense.
- Trump’s administration took action against terrorist networks, including military action against ISIS and eliminating Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi and Qasem Soleimani.
- Trump’s administration also utilized the maximum pressure campaign against Iran to deprive the government of the resources necessary to build weapons and fund terrorist proxies in the region.
- Trump’s administration initiated a comprehensive assessment of the U.S. defense industrial base and implemented measures to protect information and communications technology supply chains and secure.
- In a recent speech, Harris vowed to sign the Protecting the Right to Organize Act should it reach her desk as president, which would enhance an employee’s ability to join labor unions and strikes without fear of employer retaliation, among other things.
- When Harris ran for president in 2020, she proposed requiring companies with 100 or more employees to obtain an equal pay certification every two years, demonstrating they are paying men and women the same for analogous work.
- Harris also promised to guarantee up to six months of paid family and medical leave for all working individuals, with workers earning less than $75,000 receiving full wage replacement. In addition, she vowed to create a new Office of Paid Family and Medical Leave.
- In the Senate, Harris cosponsored the Social Security Expansion Act to expand Social Security by $2,400 per year.
- Harris previously chaired the White House Task Force on Worker Organizing and Empowerment.
- In his Republican National Convention (RNC) platform, Trump said he will protect Social Security and make no changes to the retirement age.
- In his RNC platform, Trump said he will build up American manufacturing and ban companies that outsource jobs from doing business with the federal government.
- Trump has spoken out against a number of Biden’s regulations and is expected to repeal several finalized rules, including the Registered Apprenticeship, Independent Contractor and Fiduciary rules, or not continue to defend rules such as the recent Overtime, Noncompete and Joint Employer rules in ongoing litigation.
- Trump has proposed exempting tips from income taxes.
- During his 2020 State of the Union address, Trump called for paid family leave through allowing parents to borrow from their future selves, rather than provide a new source of funding to take leave.
- In the Senate, Harris cosponsored the College for All Act, which would make four-year public universities free for anyone earning less than $125,000 and make public community college tuition free for everyone.
- As Attorney General of California, Harris erased $5.8 billion in loans for former students at Corinthians College, alleging they used deceptive and false advertisements and aggressive marketing campaigns.
- Harris has supported the Biden administration’s actions to forgive student loan debt and has reportedly advocated for additional loan forgiveness behind the scenes.
- In 2020, as a presidential candidate, Harris proposed cancelling debt for Pell Grant recipients who opened and operated a business in a disadvantaged community for at least three years.
- In 2020 and through her time in the Biden administration, Harris has vowed to pass the Child Care for Working Families Act and provide universal access to preschool for all three-and-four-year-olds. She also vowed to increase funding for Head Start and Early Head Start.
- Harris also committed to expanding the Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights.
- As a graduate of Howard University, Harris has pledged to invest in the success of HBCUs.
- In his Republican National Convention (RNC) platform, Trump vowed to dismantle the Department of Education and allow states to have complete control over the education system. He has made similar statements dating back to his 2016 campaign, and his administration proposed merging the Education and Labor departments into one federal agency as part of a larger plan to restructure the government.
- In his RNC platform, Trump vowed to overturn the Biden administration’s final Title IX rule, create alternatives to traditional four-year college to reduce costs, expand 529 Education Savings Accounts, support parent choice in schools and make the expansion of the Child Tax Credit permanent.
- Trump has said he would cut federal funding for schools pushing “critical race theory, transgender insanity, and other inappropriate racial, sexual, or political content on our children.”
- In a 2023 campaign video, Trump proposed taxing and fining universities with large endowments to start a new institution that will be free for everyone.
- In Trump’s last proposed budget, he proposed cuts to the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation and the elimination of funding to the National Endowments for the Art and Humanities.
- While in the Senate, Harris sponsored the Fairness for Farmworkers Act, a bill that would remove the minimum wage and overtime pay exemptions for farmworkers.
- She sponsored the Closing the Meal Gap Act, which would raise the baseline benefit for all SNAP households and allocate additional funds to those with large medical and housing expenses.
- Harris also cosponsored the Agricultural Worker Program Act, a measure that would provide a legal right to work in the United States for certain undocumented farmworkers.
- Harris voted for the 2018 Farm Bill and pushed for water infrastructure projects to be included in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA).
- As California’s attorney general, Harris appealed a federal ruling that struck down California’s ban on foie gras sales.
- Trump has proposed placing significant tariffs on American purchases from China, repeating a tactic he used as president in 2018. During Trump’s first term, China placed retaliatory tariffs on U.S. agricultural and food exports in response to Trump’s trade policies surrounding Chinese goods. Because of this, U.S. farmers saw lower commodity prices and reduced income from lost sales. Trump issued an aid package under the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Charter Act to mitigate short-term losses to farmers, but U.S. agricultural markets and exports still suffered.
- Trump would seek to roll back federal regulations that place burdensome restrictions on U.S. farmers, including rules put forward by the Biden administration regarding the Clean Water Act, the Clean Air Act, the Endangered Species Act, Superfund and wetlands that limit land use to advance environmental protections.
- Trump’s “2024 GOP Platform to Make America Great Again” notes that Trump and Republicans are committed to protecting American workers, farmers and industries from unfair foreign competition.
Staff Resource
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COMMENTS
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research strategy. A general approach/plan to research determined by the kind of question that the research study hopes to answer. research design. A general plan for implementing a research strategy. A research design specifies whether the study will involve groups or individual subjects, will make comparisons within a group or between groups ...
A general plan for implementing a research strategy. A research design specifies whether the study will involve groups or individual subjects, will make comparisons within a group or between groups, or specifies how many variables will be included in the study. three basic aspects of the research study. 1.Group versus individual.
Implementation research is a growing but not well understood field of health research that can contribute to more effective public health and clinical policies and programmes. This article provides a broad definition of implementation research and outlines key principles for how to do it. The field of implementation research is growing, but it ...
This page is focused on providing practical tips and suggestions for preparing The Research Strategy, the primary component of an application's Research Plan along with the Specific Aims. The guidance on this page is primarily geared towards an R01-style application, however, much of it is useful for other grant types as well.
A research strategy is an overall plan for conducting a research study. A research strategy guides a researcher in planning, executing, and monitoring the study. While the research strategy provides useful support at a high level, it needs to be complemented with research methods that can guide the research work at a more detailed level.
Numerous models, frameworks, and theories exist for specific aspects of implementation research, including for determinants, strategies, and outcomes. However, implementation research projects often fail to provide a coherent rationale or justification for how these aspects are selected and tested in relation to one another. Despite this need to better specify the conceptual linkages between ...
In the context of implementation research, the roll-out design offers three practical and scientific advantages. First, all units in the trial will eventually receive the implementation strategy. Ensuring that all participating units receive the strategy promotes equity and enables all participants to contribute data.
Here's an example outline of a research plan you might put together: Project title. Project members involved in the research plan. Purpose of the project (provide a summary of the research plan's intent) Objective 1 (provide a short description for each objective) Objective 2. Objective 3.
Curran and colleagues defined an "implementation intervention". as a method to "enhance the adoption of a 'clinical'. intervention," such as the use of job aids, provider education, or ...
1) Behavior change is inherent to the translation of evidence into practice, policy, and public health improvements. In order to effectively engage in implementation science research, it is necessary to understand the role of behavior change in developing and evaluating an implementation strategy. In most situations, an evidence-practice gap ...
Implementation research is the ... Despite the growing knowledge base on evidence-based practices in social work and medicine, there is a large gap between what is known and what is consistently done. ... Evidence (and its limitations) of the effectiveness of guideline dissemination and implementation strategies 1966-1998. Journal of General ...
Success in the implementation of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) in different settings has had variable success. Implementation research offers the approach needed to understand the variability of health outcomes from implementation strategies in different settings and why interventions were successful in some countries and failed in others.
implementation of this evidence-based care model through state-supported mental health clinics. The future is bright. Looking forward, we've enacted the new NIMH Strategic Plan for Research, aiming to build on these advances. Over the next few years, we look forward to further implementation of suicide prevention efforts based on
The result list should now contain items that are relevant for your needs. It is tempting to think that once you have gone through all the processes around the circle, as seen in the diagram in Figure 7.3.5 [6], your information search is done and you can start writing. However, research is a recursive process.
guidance. The strategies explain how to plan, implement and disseminate research to facilitate its translation into practice. They also describe the most effective ways to incorporate research results into policies and programs. Although not exhaustive, each strategy includes general recommendations and resources for further reading. 1 ...
Strategy execution. abstract. Effective strategy implementation is a critical component of organizational success and a potential source. of competitive advantage. However, despite many calls for ...
Abstract. Effective strategy implementation is a critical component of organizational success and a potential source of competitive advantage. However, despite many calls for increased attention, research on the subject remains a disparate constellation of recommendations, case studies, and empirical work that provides insight but lacks a ...
Our previous strategic plan identified a need for more research designed to answer questions that can facilitate rapid, data-driven decisions around implementation of research and its relevance for policy recommendations and we remain committed to addressing this challenge in our current plan. Goals under the Implementation and Impact Research ...
is a general approach to research determined by the kind of question that the research study hopes to answer. Research design. is a general plan for implementing a research strategy. Specifies whether the study will involve groups or individual participants, will make comparisons within a group or between groups, and how man variables will be ...
The DMIN action research project's purpose is to urgently implement a discipleship program to equip lay leaders, who are the backbones of the church, with the necessary skills and knowledge to enhance their involvement in the church's discipleship ministry. ... Dorceus, Robermann, "Implementing a Discipleship Strategy Plan for Lay Leaders at ...
Other sessions will focus on strategies and resources to engage students, lesson brainstorming and development, and opportunities for peer feedback. ... maternal health, disparities in health care access, gender equality, and health research and innovation. Fellows will connect with journalists who cover global health topics through a myriad of ...
The U.S. Department of Transportation's ITS research focuses on several high-priority areas including Emerging and Enabling Technologies, Data Access and Exchanges, ITS Cybersecurity Research, Automation, ITS4US, and Accelerating ITS Deployment.The ITS Strategic Plan includes in-depth discussion of the ITS Program's strategic goals, these research areas, and four technology transfer programs.
The plan's future Project 2025 is backed by a $22m (£17m) budget and includes strategies for implementing policies immediately after the presidential inauguration in January 2025.
research, the student's progress is monitored by a mentor, who is a member of the Grad . Mentoring Committee. Mentors serve as advocates and can provide advice to their mentees on the methods and approaches for passing prelim exams. Passing Threshold: The minimum passing score on an individual section, as determined by . the exam writer. Prelim ...
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Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Việt Nam People's Army Huỳnh Chiến Thắng said the two military-defence strategy research agencies of the two sides should continue effectively implementing their memorandum of understanding on research cooperation.
The policies of the Ministry of Electricity and Energy to implement solar energy projects through the inclusion of various means (such as feed-in tariffs, public auction and net metering system) is a successful example of Egypt National Climate Change Strategy (NCCS) 2050 30 encouraging the inclusion of the private sector in the implementation ...
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By Cindy Chetti, Senior Vice President, Government Affairs, NMHC Cindy Vosper Chetti is Senior Vice President for Government Affairs, with responsibility for implementing strategy for all legislative and regulatory issues of interest to the National Multifamily Housing Council and National Apartment Association Joint Legislative Program. As the 2024 presidential election approaches, our ...