animal farm dissertation

Animal Farm

By george orwell.

George Orwell’s 'Animal Farm,' often misunderstood to be Children’s Literature, is a political satire on Stalin Russia. The novel projects how the people of Russia fall prey to a totalitarian regime when they were dreaming of a more free country of equality for all.

About the Book

Article written by Mizpah Albert

M.A. in English Literature and a Ph.D. in English Language Teaching.

It is an allegorical novel that deals with the Russian revolution through the animals in the manor farm who protests against their human masters’ tyranny. Unfortunately, when they feel like they have attained freedom, they become the victims of a power-hungry pig, Napoleon. He becomes a totalitarian dictator and rephrases the ideology of Animalism from “All are Equal” to “All Animals Are Equal / But Some Are More Equal Than Others” oppression.

Key Facts about  Animal Farm

• Title:   Animal Farm, though initially known as Animal Farm: A Fairy Story
• When/where written : Orwell started writing the novel in 1944
• Published:  First published in England on 17 August 1945 and in the U.S in 1946
• Literary Period:  Modernist period
• Genre:  Political satire; AllegoryPoint-of-View: Third-person through an anonymous writer
• Setting : Mr. Jones’ Manor Farm
• Climax : The Climax of the novel appears in Chapter V, where Napoleon runs Snowball off the farm, to secure power.
• Antagonist: Napoleon

George Orwell and Animal Farm

George Orwell was a committed socialist , who expressed his strong views through his intellectual engagements.  He has clearly portrayed his dissatisfaction over the dictators and megalomaniacs through his writings. If one observes his works clearly it could be clearly seen how he has dealt with socialism as something more than an emotion. Moreover, he has identified the Spanish Civil War of 1936 as some kind of defining moment in his career. For, he too has taken part in the war which unfortunately incapacitated him.

‘Animal Farm’ depicts the agony of Orwell as a Socialist as he sees the way Socialism has been deformed by Stalin. Orwell deliberately mocks and criticizes the Russian leadership under Lenin using Animals in the novel. It is evidently his disappointment exhibited through the simple story that shares his detailed perspectives on the Socialist Revolution. Orwell in his ‘ Animal Farm’ explains the Russian Revolution as a history of a revolution that went wrong through the animals’ attempt to attain freedom and equality which unfortunately leads to dictatorship. Initially, when the animals secure their freedom they form a utopian society, but soon they fall prey to the dictatorship of the pigs which were the brightest of other animals. The course of the story stands for The Russian Revolution of 1917 and the early years of the Soviet Union. While concluding the novel Orwell honestly illustrates the miserable impact of power in the life of comrades who become tyrannical dictators who initially fought for a cause quite opposite.

Books related to Animal Farm

‘Animal Farm’ is a widely read allegorical novel of George Orwell set in a dystopian world. It is a political satire in all its form on the negative result of the Russian Revolution and Stalin’s dictatorship. Though Orwell is a believer in socialism, he warns people against the dangers of Communism and totalitarian states, which was spreading rapidly in Europe with the possibility of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany coming to power. Similar to Orwell’s Animal Farm, there are works intended as a political satire by different authors at different periods. These allegorical novels serve a moral or political idea woven into a fictional story.

Some of the novels that follow the setting and the theme of ‘ Animal farm’ include Aldous Huxley’s  Brave New World , Ray Bradbury’s  Fahrenheit 451 , Golding’s Lord of the Flies, and Orwell’s famous dystopian novel 1984 . Bradbury in his dystopian novel Fahrenheit 451 written during the 1950s, at the height of McCarthyism in America, explores the dangers of rejecting knowledge in his. Similarly, Golding’s Lord of the Flies, written in 1954, examines the anxieties of society post-world war. Also, Aldous Huxley in his Brave New World deals with a futuristic world where the citizens are genetically modified to uphold the authoritarian regime. In contrast to ‘ Animal Farm,’   1984 is set in a futuristic world and explores the effects of totalitarianism and warns the world against it.

The Lasting Impact of Animal Farm

‘Animal Farm’ though a short book is one of the few books that are featured as favorites by most people since its publication. Still in 1945, when Orwell tried to publish the book, it wasn’t a cakewalk for him. The publishing houses in Britain were hesitant for it was criticizing the Russian government, which was an ally then. Even, T. S. Eliot, who was a director of a publishing firm, rejected stating that it is “good writing” and still “not convincing.”

In this allegorical novel, Orwell makes one experience all the human emotions through the animal characters in the novel. Orwell attacks on Stalinism in Russia through the characters of ‘ Animal Farm.’  The dominant figures of Animalism, The Old Major, Snowball, and Napoleon represent Karl Marx, Leon Trotsky, and Stalin respectively. Napoleon driving Snowball out of the farm is based on Trotsky, who was expelled from the Communist Party, deported from Russia, and murdered by Stalin’s order.

The novel in all its significance speaks about power and corruption and how a democratic farm turns into a dictatorship. Even after decades of its publication, it stands as evidence of the political system’s universality. Napoleon uses propaganda, fear, and force to accomplish his motive. Similarly, this is a happening of all ages. It could be relevant to all periods wherever the dictators take advantage of the human desire for a better world for their own selfish interests. Thus, reading ‘ Animal Farm’ will remain an eye-opener for the generations to come as a manual to question power and hold leaders and the government responsible for their acts. In the end, the key characters not only represent the dictatorial regime of Stalin but also of any regime that tries to hold ultimate power over its subordinates.

Thus, all the unique features of the novel as mentioned stand as evidence for the long-lasting impact the novel has created in the past decades.

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A Summary and Analysis of George Orwell’s Animal Farm

By Dr Oliver Tearle (Loughborough University)

Animal Farm is, after Nineteen Eighty-Four , George Orwell’s most famous book. Published in 1945, the novella (at under 100 pages, it’s too short to be called a full-blown ‘novel’) tells the story of how a group of animals on a farm overthrow the farmer who puts them to work, and set up an equal society where all animals work and share the fruits of their labours.

However, as time goes on, it becomes clear that the society the animals have constructed is not equal at all. It’s well-known that the novella is an allegory for Communist Russia under Josef Stalin, who was leader of the Soviet Union when Orwell wrote the book. Before we dig deeper into the context and meaning of Animal Farm with some words of analysis, it might be worth refreshing our memories with a brief summary of the novella’s plot.

Animal Farm: plot summary

The novella opens with an old pig, named Major, addressing his fellow animals on Manor Farm. Major criticises Mr Jones, the farmer who owns Manor Farm, because he controls the animals, takes their produce (the hens’ eggs, the cows’ milk), but gives them little in return. Major tells the other animals that man, who walks on two feet unlike the animals who walk on four, is their enemy.

They sing a rousing song in favour of animals, ‘Beasts of England’. Old Major dies a few days later, but the other animals have been inspired by his message.

Two pigs in particular, Snowball and Napoleon, rouse the other animals to take action against Mr Jones and seize the farm for themselves. They draw up seven commandments which all animals should abide by: among other things, these commandments forbid an animal to kill another animal, and include the mantra ‘four legs good, two legs bad’, because animals (who walk on four legs) are their friends while their two-legged human overlords are evil. (We have analysed this famous slogan here .)

The animals lead a rebellion against Mr Jones, whom they drive from the farm. They rename Manor Farm ‘Animal Farm’, and set about running things themselves, along the lines laid out in their seven commandments, where every animal is equal. But before long, it becomes clear that the pigs – especially Napoleon and Snowball – consider themselves special, requiring special treatment, as the leaders of the animals.

Nevertheless, when Mr Jones and some of the other farmers lead a raid to try to reclaim the farm, the animals work together to defend the farm and see off the men. A young farmhand is knocked unconscious, and initially feared dead.

Things begin to fall apart: Napoleon’s windmill, which he has instructed the animals to build, is vandalised and he accuses Snowball of sabotaging it. Snowball is banished from the farm. During winter, many of the animals are on the brink of starvation.

Napoleon engineers it so that when Mr Whymper, a man from a neighbouring farm with whom the pigs have started to trade (so the animals can acquire the materials they need to build the windmill), visits the farm, he overhears the animals giving a positive account of life on Animal Farm.

Without consulting the hens first, Napoleon organises a deal with Mr Whymper which involves giving him many of the hens’ eggs. They rebel against him, but he starves them into submission, although not before nine hens have died. Napoleon then announces that Snowball has been visiting the farm at night and destroying things.

Napoleon also claims that Snowball has been in league with Mr Jones all the time, and that even at the Battle of the Cowshed (as the animals are now referring to the farmers’ unsuccessful raid on the farm) Snowball was trying to sabotage the fight so that Jones won.

The animals are sceptical about this, because they all saw Snowball bravely fighting alongside them. Napoleon declares he has discovered ‘secret documents’ which prove Snowball was in league with their enemy.

Life on Animal Farm becomes harder for the animals, and Boxer, while labouring hard to complete the windmill, falls and injures his lung. The pigs arrange for him to be taken away and treated, but when the van arrives and takes him away, they realise too late that the van belongs to a man who slaughters horses, and that Napoleon has arranged for Boxer to be taken away to the knacker’s yard and killed.

Squealer lies to the animals, though, and when he announces Boxer’s death two days later, he pretends that the van had been bought by a veterinary surgeon who hadn’t yet painted over the old sign on the side of the van. The pigs take to wearing green ribbons and order in another crate of whisky for them to drink; they don’t share this with the other animals.

A few years pass, and some of the animals die, Napoleon and Squealer get fatter, and none of the animals is allowed to retire, as previously promised. The farm gets bigger and richer, but the luxuries the animals had been promised never materialised: they are told that the real pleasure is derived from hard work and frugal living.

Then, one day, the animals see Squealer up on his hind legs, walking on two legs like a human instead of on four like an animal.

The other pigs follow; and Clover and Benjamin discover that the seven commandments written on the barn wall have been rubbed off, to be replace by one single commandment: ‘All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.’ The pigs start installing radio and a telephone in the farmhouse, and subscribe to newspapers.

Finally, the pigs invite humans into the farm to drink with them, and announce a new partnership between the pigs and humans. Napoleon announces to his human guests that the name of the farm is reverting from Animal Farm to the original name, Manor Farm.

The other animals from the farm, observing this through the window, can no longer tell which are the pigs and which are the men, because Napoleon and the other pigs are behaving so much like men now.

Things have gone full circle: the pigs are no different from Mr Jones (indeed, are worse).

Animal Farm: analysis

First, a very brief history lesson, by way of context for Animal Farm . In 1917, the Tsar of Russia, Nicholas II, was overthrown by Communist revolutionaries.

These revolutionaries replaced the aristocratic rule which had been a feature of Russian society for centuries with a new political system: Communism, whereby everyone was equal. Everyone works, but everyone benefits equally from the results of that work. Josef Stalin became leader of Communist Russia, or the Soviet Union, in the early 1920s.

However, it soon became apparent that Stalin’s Communist regime wasn’t working: huge swathes of the population were working hard, but didn’t have enough food to survive. They were starving to death.

But Stalin and his politicians, who themselves were well-off, did nothing to combat this problem, and indeed actively contributed to it. But they told the people that things were much better since the Russian Revolution and the overthrow of the Tsar, than things had been before, under Nicholas II. The parallels with Orwell’s Animal Farm are crystal-clear.

Animal Farm is an allegory for the Russian Revolution and the formation of a Communist regime in Russia (as the Soviet Union). We offer a fuller definition of allegory in a separate post, but the key thing is that, although it was subtitled A Fairy Story , Orwell’s novella is far from being a straightforward tale for children. It’s also political allegory, and even satire.

The cleverness of Orwell’s approach is that he manages to infuse his story with this political meaning while also telling an engaging tale about greed, corruption, and ‘society’ in a more general sense.

One of the commonest techniques used in both Stalinist Russia and in Animal Farm is what’s known as ‘gaslighting’ (meaning to manipulate someone by psychological means so they begin to doubt their own sanity; the term is derived from the film adaptation of Gaslight , a play by Patrick Hamilton).

For instance, when Napoleon and the other pigs take to eating their meals and sleeping in the beds in the house at Animal Farm, Clover is convinced this goes against one of the seven commandments the animals drew up at the beginning of their revolution.

But one of the pigs has altered the commandment (‘No animal shall sleep in a bed’), adding the words ‘ with sheets ’ to the end of it. Napoleon and the other pigs have rewritten history, but they then convince Clover that she is the one who is mistaken, and that she’s misremembered what the wording of the commandment was.

Another example of this technique – which is a prominent feature of many totalitarian regimes, namely keep the masses ignorant as they’re easier to manipulate that way – is when Napoleon claims that Snowball has been in league with Mr Jones all along. When the animals question this, based on all of the evidence to the contrary, Napoleon and Squealer declare they have ‘secret documents’ which prove it.

But the other animals can’t read them, so they have to take his word for it. Squealer’s lie about the van that comes to take Boxer away (he claims it’s going to the vet, but it’s clear that Boxer is really being taken away to be slaughtered) is another such example.

Communist propaganda

Much as Stalin did in Communist Russia, Napoleon actively rewrites history , and manages to convince the animals that certain things never happened or that they are mistaken about something. This is a feature that has become more and more prominent in political society, even in non-totalitarian ones: witness our modern era of ‘fake news’ and media spin where it becomes difficult to ascertain what is true any more.

The pigs also convince the other animals that they deserve to eat the apples themselves because they work so hard to keep things running, and that they will have an extra hour in bed in the mornings. In other words, they begin to become the very thing they sought to overthrow: they become like man.

They also undo the mantra that ‘all animals are equal’, since the pigs clearly think they’re not like the other animals and deserve special treatment. Whenever the other animals question them, one question always succeeds in putting an end to further questioning: do they want to see Jones back running the farm? As the obvious answer is ‘no’, the pigs continue to get away with doing what they want.

Squealer is Napoleon’s propagandist, ensuring that the decisions Napoleon makes are ‘spun’ so that the other animals will accept them and carry on working hard.

And we can draw a pretty clear line between many of the major characters in Animal Farm and key figures of the Russian Revolution and Stalinist Russia. Napoleon, the leader of the animals, is Joseph Stalin; Old Major , whose speech rouses the animals to revolution, partly represents Vladimir Lenin, who spearheaded the Russian Revolution of 1917 (although he is also a representative of Karl Marx , whose ideas inspired the Revolution); Snowball, who falls out with Napoleon and is banished from the farm, represents Leon Trotsky, who was involved in the Revolution but later went to live in exile in Mexico.

Squealer, meanwhile, is based on Molotov (after whom the Molotov cocktail was named); Molotov was Stalin’s protégé, much as Squealer is encouraged by Napoleon to serve as Napoleon’s right-hand (or right-hoof?) man (pig).

Publication

Animal Farm very nearly didn’t make it into print at all. First, not long after Orwell completed the first draft in February 1944, his flat on Mortimer Crescent in London was bombed in June, and he feared the typescript had been destroyed. Orwell later found it in the rubble.

Then, Orwell had difficulty finding a publisher. T. S. Eliot, at Faber and Faber, rejected it because he feared that it was the wrong sort of political message for the time.

The novella was eventually published the following year, in 1945, and its relevance – as political satire, as animal fable, and as one of Orwell’s two great works of fiction – shows no signs of abating.

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READINGS AS A HELPING TOOLS FOR ECONOMICS EDUCATION: ANIMAL FARM

Umut Halaç , Eda Erğun

Economic events have many social and political causes and consequences. Unfortunately, it becomes meaningless to explain these events using only mathematical methods as time goes by. In addition to this, the teaching methods of this comprehensive science to young generations have begun to be questioned. While the learning skills of generations change, there is no drastic change in methods in economics education. This study aims to analyze the advantages of using literary works in economics education in the sample of Animal Farm as in using different training methods. Firstly, the study examined the interactions between literature and economics briefly. Then, the plots of Animal Farm were revealed from the allegory of historical events using defamiliarization. Finally, the benefits of using Animal Farm in economics education were discussed. Using literary works like Animal Farm in economics education assists in raising future economists who can prick the bubble in the events, understand the effects, and create unique systems for societies more easily.

economics education , literature , Animal Farm , allegory

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The Issue of Power in Geoge Orwell's Animal Farm and Michael Dobbs' House of Cards

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Alan Sanderson

I would like to say, first of all, what has been the goal of my work during the last twenty years. It has not been to analyse the phenomena of power, nor to elaborate the foundations of such an analysis. My objective, instead, has been to create a history of the different modes by which, in our culture, human beings are made subjects. (Foucault, 1982: 208). Does "Power" Exist? The exercise of power is not simply a relationship between partners, individuals or a collective; it is a way in which certain actions modify others. Which is to say, of course, that something called Power, with or without a capital letter, which is assumed to exist universally in a concentrated or diffused form, does not exist. (Foucault, 1982). "An Economy of Power" The elements Foucault expouses by their very nature are best suited to an economy of power. His questions are not what is power? What is the general system of power?-or even, How is power exercised in organisations? But rather: What are the main characteristics of power relations in our society today? How did they appear? On what rationality are they sustained? 2

Varsha Sharma

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In the paper, I am going to focus on a particular epistemological difficulty, demonstrated in one sentence, which I think is crucial for the understanding of Foucault's concept of power. In one of his lectures on power, after explaining that power is not repression, that it is not in someone's hands and that it forms a »net-like« structure, Foucault stated: »/…/ But I do not believe that one should conclude from that that power is the best-distributed thing in the world, although in some sense that is indeed so.« It seems like a riddle: something is true and false at the same time. How to draw the difference in power on the basis of such a conception? If nobody possesses power, if it does not have a location, how can we explain the hierarchy and inequality of power? I hypothesize that in order to explain those phenomena, we have to (in a precise sense) return to the old conception of power as a sovereign. The question is as follows: why does the power, even if it is distributed and non-localized, represent itself as a steadily defined possession, central position, etc.? What is the advantage of such a »false« representation for power itself? Precisely this masking of power is crucial for the reproduction of the same power relations. So in order to resist the existing order of power, we should not divide it form anarchy. We have to reject the representation of power and unmask anarchy, which is already immanent to power itself. This epistemological turn may be crucial in the understanding of some of the problems in contemporary emancipatory struggles. Keywords: Power, net, anarchy, representation, emancipation

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The paper examines two ubiquitous concepts of power: the " classical sociological " concept which draws on Max Weber's definition of power, and the " Foucauldian " concept which stems from Michel Foucault's genealogical works. Three main theses are argued for. First, the two concepts are not, in most respects, as radically different as it is usually claimed. It is demonstrated that both can make room for different sources of power, for understanding power in a non-reified way, for the fact that power is rarely completely centralised, etc. Second, in those respects in which the two concepts actually differ, the classical view of power is more convincing and useful than the Foucauldian one. It is demonstrated that the Foucauldian view is implicitly positivist in the normative domain and thus unable to differentiate between power and domination, and that it succumbs to errors of methodological holism (i.e. undertheorising agency). Third, it is argued that the classical sociological view allows to analytically distinguish between power, domination and exploitation. These three categories are shown not to be synonymous and to carry with them importantly different sociological implications. It is demonstrated that exploitation cannot merely refer to any process of unpaid appropriation of surplus as obvious false positives are generated from this definition. Nonetheless, such appropriation is the fundamental characteristic which differentiates exploitation from domination (but not power itself), and this reveals an important sociological implication for the dynamics of struggle of the exploited against exploitation in contrast to the struggle of the dominated against the dominators.

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Torben Bech Dyrberg

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This work seeks to reconstruct Michel Foucault's power analysis methodology in order to understand how he overcomes the classical theories of power by proposing a way of seeing power as a relation that occurs between subjects. In order to do so, the relations between truth and power will be analyzed, as well as the methodological premises elaborated by the author in his main works on power.

Sociological Problems (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences), Special Issue edited by Antoinette Koleva, Kolyo Koev, Michel Foucault: New Problematizations

Paul Patton

Foucault’s lectures in 1976 open with the statement of an intellectual crisis. They proceed to a series of questions about the nature of power and the ways that he has conceived of it up to this point: what is power? How is it exercised? Is it ultimately a relation of force? Only some of these questions are answered in the course of these lectures. His answer to the conceptual questions about the nature of power and the appropriate means to analyze it is not forthcoming until after the discovery of ‘governmentality’ in 1978 and his lectures on liberal and neoliberal governmentality in 1979. This talk aims to retrace his answers to these questions in the light of the published lectures and to examine the consequences of these answers for his overall approach to the analysis power, and for his analysis of liberal and neoliberal governmental power.

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Animal Farm

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• Internet Archive - "Animal Farm"
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• Literary Devices - Animal Farm
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Animal Farm , anti-utopian satire by George Orwell , published in 1945. One of Orwell’s finest works, it is a political fable based on the events of Russia’s Bolshevik revolution and the betrayal of the cause by Joseph Stalin . The book concerns a group of barnyard animals who overthrow and chase off their exploitative human masters and set up an egalitarian society of their own. Eventually the animals’ intelligent and power-loving leaders, the pigs, subvert the revolution. Concluding that “all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others” (with its addendum to the animals’ seventh commandment: “All animals are equal”), the pigs form a dictatorship even more oppressive and heartless than that of their former human masters.

70 Animal Farm Essay Topics & Examples

🔎 unique animal farm essay questions, 🏆 best animal farm essay topics & examples, 👍 simple & easy animal farm essay titles, 🎓 most interesting animal farm essay topics.

• Who Had the Absolute Power by the End of “Animal Farm”?
• What Was the Main Symbol of “Animal Farm”?
• Does the Story Condone Capitalism?
• Who Is the Protagonist of “Animal Farm”?
• What Are the Historical References in the Story?
• Who Can You Compare Napoleon to?
• Does “Animal Farm” Reflect the Russian Revolution?
• How Do You Define Socialist Ideas of “Animal Farm”?
• What Is the Snowball’s Role in the Story?
• Were There Innocent Characters in “Animal Farm”?
• George Orwell and Animal Farm: A Critical Analysis Other farm owners try to attack the Animal Farm but Snowball lead a successful defense in the battle of the Cowshed and gains much worship amongst the animals.
• Animal Farm by George Orwell: Literary Analysis Providing the title for the work, Orwell seems to ask the questions about the differences in the regime of the Soviet Union and irrational rule of animals at the farm.
• Propaganda in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell His greatest objective is to carry out the spreading of the revolution and to bring in the improvement of the general welfare of all the animals on the farm.
• George Orwell and Two of His Works “1984” and “Animal Farm” Orwell draws on his own personal experiences in the context of political terrorism to describe a life, lived in fear and guilt.
• “Animal Farm” by George Orwell After the revolution in the Animal Farm, the animals establish the philosophy of Animalism in order to be different from human beings.
• The Animal Farm by George Orwell There are animals which represent the poor people while the pigs and dogs represent the administrators of the leader. The pigs and dogs are given power to rule the animals by Jones who is the […]
• Dystopias in “Animal Farm” and “The Handmaid’s Tale” In this regard, the aim of literary dystopias is to caution and warn society against the blind following of ideologies that lead to the breakdown of social order.
• “I Have a Dream” and “Animal Farm” The Old Major’s speech as portrayed in the narrative Animal Farm has myriad of similarities and differences to the speech given by Martin Luther King Jr.in his attempt to liberate the black race from discrimination.
• “Animal Farm” by George Orwell One of the most obvious elements that the author of the Animal Farm uses in order to highlight the satire is irony.
• Russian Revolution in Orwell’s “Animal Farm” Both the long-term and the short-term causes of the revolution contributed to the public outrage and diminished the people’s belief in the monarchy.
• Social Conflicts in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell This is the only way for the animals to establish equality and create a flourishing, happy and wealthy society.”Animal Farm” by Orwell is a description of the metamorphoses that happen within a freedom movement turning […]
• Domination in the Book “Animal Farm” The animals believed in the concept of equality and democracy. This discussion highlights some of the factors that influenced the social life of the animals within the farm.
• The Comparison of Snowball to Napoleon in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Presentation of Napoleon in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Inability of the Animals to Read and Its Effect on Their Lives in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Use of Distortion as a Literary Device in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• The Importance of Freedom in Society as Portrayed in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Distortion of Socialism in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Path to Tyranny in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Prototypical Character of Benjamin in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Political Message Against Totalitarianism in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• An Analysis of the Differences Between the Novella “Animal Farm” by George Orwell and It’s Cartoon Adaptation
• The Theme of the Deterioration of Moral Rules in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• A Metaphor for the Life in the USSR in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• A Character Analysis: Boxer and Capitalism in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• Use of Humor to Describe Historical Events Illustrated in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• A Look at the Political Events That Led to the Writing of “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• Totalitarianism Indictment in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Manipulation of Authority in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Theme of Absurditiy of the Russian Revolution in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Use of Language to Create a Propaganda in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Impact of Confrontation With Ideology of Communism and Theocracy on the Individual in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Personification of Animals in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• Absolute Power Corrupts Absolutely: An Analysis of Power and Strength in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• Timeline of Events Showing Napoleon’s Rise to Power in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• An Analysis of the Destructionof the Truth in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Effects of Power and Control in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• A Comparison of Stalin and Napoleon and the Development of Allegory in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Negative Effects of Absolute Power in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Depiction of the Many Twists and Turns of Today’s Society in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• The Mocking of Communism in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• The Attributes of Boxer’s Entrepreneurship as Described in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• An Analysis of Leader and Follower in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• A Look at Social Justice Issues Brought Out in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• An Analysis of the Conflict Between the Strong and the Weak in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• An Analysis of the Hidden Meaning in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• A Depiction of Communism Through a Fictional World of Animals in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• Taking Advantage in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Troubles of Russia Depicted in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Political Cycle Depicted in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• The Transformation of an Individual Caused by the Misuse of Power in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• “Animal Farm” in the Context of What Makes Human Beings Human
• Old Major’s Speech to the Animals in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• A Comparative Analysis of Social Commentary in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell and “Animals” by Pink Floyd
• The Portrayal of the Utopian Society in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• Analysis of Symbolism in “The Sound of a Voice” by David Henry Hwang and “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• Utopia and Dystopia in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• Comparison of “A Modest Proposal” by Jonathan Swift and “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Corruptness of Power Depicted in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• An Analysis of the Communism and Socialism in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
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Animal Farm vs. 1984

Photo credit: 15 Facts About George Orwell’s Famous Dystopian Novel “1984”  by Elsa Quartet.

Instead of writing a comprehensive analysis between the two must-reads, I’ve decided to write a short comparison of them.

I first read 1984 in the Spring of 2017. I borrowed it from a lecturer at my university; but I didn’t know what I was getting myself into. It ended up becoming one of the best novels I’ve ever read (the total number of novels I’ve read have accumulated into just about a hundred right now).

Before reading 1984, I had already watched a multitude of dystopian film-series: The Hunger Games, The Maze Runner, etc. These did not at all have the impact on me which 1984 immediately had after my being halfway through it. I couldn’t sleep for weeks after completing it and it kept haunting in me in both my dreams and in real life—which is a positive attribute for any art form that I am able to access. Indeed, I would’ve written an article on dystopian fiction after reading 1984, but I was never given an opportunity to read the books these afore-mentioned movies were based upon. So, maybe I’ll write a contrasting article later on when I get the chance.

After I handed back the book to the lecturer, he specifically told me to start reading Animal Farm. The problem was that this was my final semester and I was already suffering from the procrastination that came with my thesis-report deadlines.

Last week, I had finally gotten my hands on the paperback version of Animal Farm. I was hooked by the first page. I admit it took me quite a while to obtain a literary lust for 1984, yet the latter was written as a novel and they usually have a slow build-up, whereas Animal Farm was a novella.

Correlating  Animal Farm and 1984 is a bit complicated as their genres don’t fully match. However, both are uber-unique examples of literature penned in the English language. The two works share distinguishing variations of political undertones and I was left shaken after finishing both of them individually.

Still, I found Animal Farm a tad more authentic than 1984. This is because I have never read about animal characters having been used in such an authentic way. This was furthered by how brilliantly Orwell expanded upon their personality traits in the tale. I have heard by word-of-mouth that there are some novels similar to 1984 that had also been published earlier (Brave New World by Aldous Huxley comes to mind). I haven’t read these predated dystopian novels but by reading the plot descriptions you’ll see that 1984 wasn’t the first of its kind in relation to its primary plot.

Furthermore, there aren’t many novellas or novels as spectacular as Animal Farm. Other books might share some features such as the major figures being anthropomorphic—but Animal Farm is yet to be almost fully compared to any other work that has been released up till now (the novella was originally published in 1945). Comparatively, 1984 was published in 1949, just a few years later, and the two books also share shock value; at present the worldwide responses from literary critics, and even from general readers, have been ultimately categorized as mixed.

To end with, I rate Animal Farm just 0.5 higher than 1984. I will always recommend both these books to potential readers of George Orwell; never substituting one for another just because of my own comparative article or someone else’s. You might just end up counting these works as your favorite pieces of fiction; they have already taken permanent spots on both my digital and tangible bookshelves.

The Ministry of Utmost Happiness (2017) by Arundhati Roy – Book Review

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Animal Farm

George orwell.

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While Animal Farm condemns all forms of totalitarianism, it’s most explicitly a bitter attack on the Soviet Union. Though Orwell supported the ideals of socialism, he strongly opposed the Soviet Union’s descent into totalitarianism under Stalin in the decades before and during World War II. Animal Farm satirically attacks the Soviet Union by mirroring many events from Soviet history, and though Animal Farm is subtitled “A Fairy Story,” almost nothing that happens in it is at all fantastical; nearly every event, and indeed every character , correlates to a historical event, person, or group of people.

The first portion of the novel has parallels to the final years of the 19th century and the first few decades of the 20th century. Mr. Jones is a parallel to Tsar Nicholas, the final monarch of Russia, whose family was widely seen as decadent and unconcerned with the fact that many Russians at that point were starving and wildly dissatisfied with their rulers. Old Major represents Vladimir Lenin, a Marxist revolutionary who led the Bolshevik Party that ultimately ousted Nicholas during the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. Like Old Major, Lenin didn’t survive to see his ideals come to fruition; rather, his associate Leon Trotsky, represented by Snowball in the novel, took over and advocated for spreading revolutions all over the world (as when Snowball proposes sending out more pigeons to spread word of the rebellion to neighboring farms) and planned to modernize what, by this time, had become the USSR. Joseph Stalin exiled Trotsky, however, and ultimately assassinated him in Mexico. Stalin, like his literary counterpart Napoleon , didn’t care much for debate, and instead amassed power, developed a totalitarian state, and relied heavily on propaganda to control the population. Events on Animal Farm after Napoleon’s takeover mirror many that happened in the USSR during his rule, including Stalin’s Five Year Plans (the first and second windmills ), rebellions on the part of farmers and sailors (the hens ’ rebellion), and Stalin’s show trials and executions (the confessions and executions of the four young pigs and other animals). The novel ends with a parallel to the Tehran Conference in 1943, during which Winston Churchill of Great Britain, Franklin D. Roosevelt of the US, and Stalin met to discuss how to achieve peace after World War II, an event that Orwell mocks when both Mr. Pilkington (the Allies) and Napoleon cheat at cards, presciently predicting what would ultimately develop into the Cold War between the US and the USSR.

Notably, Animal Farm focuses intently on the inner monologues and experiences of those who don’t have much or any power, such as Clover and Boxer (who symbolize female and male peasant workers, respectively). Through Clover’s experience in particular, Orwell paints a picture of 40 years’ worth of history that was alternately, and at times simultaneously, hopeful and horrific—and often hungry and scary for those without power, education, or the means to escape—as Mollie , the cat , and the real-life middle class do and did. Further, Orwell doesn’t stop at vilifying the USSR alone. Instead, he suggests that capitalists who got rich doing business with the USSR, as represented by Mr. Whymper , and ultimately, the allies who gave Stalin a legitimate place on the world stage, as represented by the farmers’ visit to Animal Farm at the end of the novel, are also to blame for what happened. Through this, Orwell cautions against romanticizing any aspect of Russian or USSR history, as even though he may have sympathized with the ideals that drove the revolution to begin with, he makes it very clear that the fruits of the revolution are nothing anyone should aspire to. Rather than helping anyone, the revolutions actually led to starvation, fear, death, and trauma of all sorts.

The Soviet Union ThemeTracker

The Soviet Union Quotes in Animal Farm

“Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings.”

At this there was a terrible baying sound outside, and nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. They dashed straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place just in time to escape their snapping jaws.

If a window was broken or a drain was blocked up, someone was certain to say that Snowball had come in the night and done it, and when the key of the store-shed was lost, the whole farm was convinced that Snowball had thrown it down the well. Curiously enough, they went on believing this even after the mislaid key was found under a sack of meal.

The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which.

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Home > Animal Science > Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

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Department of animal science: dissertations, theses, and student research.

Artificial Insemination and Fetal Programming in Beef Production Systems , Dempster Christenson

Impact of Strategic Postweaning Supplementation on March- and May-born Yearling Range Heifer and Calf Growth and Performance in the Nebraska Sandhills , Josie Nicole Crouch

Feeding Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles to Lactating Dairy Cattle: Whole Animal Energy Utilization and Manure Biogas Production , Grant Michael Fincham

Adding Parasite Resistance to a Hair sheep breeding Objective , Bob Forbes

Utilization of the NU track System to Objectively Evaluate Changes in Active and Passive Behaviors of Group-Housed Nursery Pigs Exposed to an Endotoxin Challenge , Aaron Holliday

Heat Stress Changes the Bovine Methylome and Transcriptome and Investigation of Two Novel Genetic Defects in Cattle , Rachel Renae Reith

Forages and Technology Management in Growing and Finishing Beef Cattle Systems , Kelton Adair

Predicting Body Weight of Cattle and Nutrient Digestion of Individual Sweet Bran Components to Improve Beef Cattle Production Efficiency , Dalton J. Anderson

Factors Affecting Forage Quality and the Subsequent Response in Production and Energy Metabolism in Lactating Jersey Cows , Kassidy Kate Buse

Supplemental Table 1. Influence of the count of positive days on DMI, milk yield, milk fat, milk protein, and pregnancy rate , Addison Carroll and Paul J. Kononoff

The Evaluation of Feed Additives on Reducing Enteric Methane Production from Cattle , Reba L. Colin

Methods to Reduce Nitrogen and Carbon Losses from Finishing Beef Cattle , Hanna Cronk

Tame the Flame: Inflammation Is a Targetable Physiological Mechanism Underlying Poor Outcomes of Heat Stress in Finishing Sheep , Pablo C. Grijalva

Dry-Aged Beef Flavor Development, and the Effect of High Levels of Vitamin-E on Beef Color Stability , Nicolas Herrera

Mid-Gestation Maternofetal Inflammation Impacts Growth, Skeletal Muscle Glucose Metabolism, and Inflammatory Tone in the Ovine Fetus During Late Gestation , Zena Hicks

The Evaluation of Encapsulated Megasphaera elsdenii in an Accelerated Beef Step-Up Program and an Acidosis Challenge Model and the Evaluation of RAMP Versus a Traditional Forage Grain Adaptation Strategy on Methane and Respired Carbon Dioxide , Cindy D. Mansfield

The Impact of Silage Inclusion in Diets with Different Corn Processing and the Effect of Natural and Conventional Feeding Programs on Finishing Cattle Performance , Jessica L. Miller

Identification and Assessment of Lameness in Sows Through the Utilization of NUtrack AND GAITFour Systems , Lexi M. Ostrand

Students' Attitudes Towards Animals Influences Youth Development Constructs Based on Interactions with Different Animal Species Prior to College , Allison K. Pachunka

Winter Hardy Small Cereals for Grazing or Silage in Eastern Nebraska , Abigail Sartin

Consequences of cow-calf production with limited perennial forage grazing , Hannah Speer

Impact of Distillers Removal and Impact of Lowering Inclusions of Distillers Grains Plus Solubles and Different Roughage Quality on Finishing Cattle Performance , Sofia Suarez Lorences

Effect of Supplementation Prior to Artificial Insemination and During Gestation in Beef Females , Landon Tadich

Investigation of Breeding Objectives and Indexes-in-Retrospect , Hunter F. Valasek

Examination of the Prevalence and Behaviors of Pathogenic and Spoilage Bacteria at Multiple Stages in the Meat Processing Chain , Samuel C. Watson

Feed Value and Utilization of Corn Residue: Implications for Cow Performance and Grazing Strategies , Kaylee E. Wheeler

Early-Life Supplementation of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improved Growth and Skeletal Muscle Glucose Metabolism in the Heat Stress-Induced IUGR Neonatal Lamb , Melanie Ryann White

ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATION OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITISM IN KATAHDIN SHEEP , Brian Arisman

Annotating Gene Expression and Regulatory Elements in Tissues from Healthy Thoroughbred Horses and Identifying Candidate Mutations Associated with Perosomus Elumbis in an Angus Calf , Alexa Barber

Impact of Increasing Level of Milk Production on Cow and Calf Behavior and Performance in the Nebraska Sandhills , Selby Boerman

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Aberrant Circulating Steroid Hormones In GnRHR-II Knockdown Boars and Their Control Littermates , Dorothy Elsken

The Invisible Meat Microcosmos - Investigations of Processed Meats' Specific Spoilage Organisms , REBECCA FURBECK

Students' Perceptions of Online Equine Courses and Their Impacts on Learning Outcomes , Blaire (Gibbens) Speck

Impacts of Feeding Biochar to Beef Cattle on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Performance and Characterizing Yearling Steers Grazing Smooth Bromegrass Pasture Using GPS , Holly Heil

The Nebraska 4-H Equine Advancement Level Program’s Role in Positive Youth Development Using the Five Cs Model: An Exploratory Study , Eunhye McCarthy

Identifying Early-Life Behavior to Predict Mothering Ability in Swine Utilizing NUtrack System , Savannah Millburn

Targeting Inflammation in Heat-Stressed Wethers Improves Growth and Efficiency and Alters Body Composition; A Brief Exploration and Application of Extension Principles , Micah Most

Evaluation of the Feeding Value of Proso Millet in Growing-Finishing Diets for Pigs and Effects of Feed Ingredients and Medium-Chain Fatty Acids on Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Survivability , Khang Nguyen

Variance Component Estimates for Growth Traits in Beef Cattle Using Selected Variants from Imputed Low-Pass Sequence Data , Chad A. Russell

Investigating Bacterial Community Composition and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Beef Cattle , Arena See

Evaluation of corn processing method and Sweet Bran inclusion on beef cattle performance and nutrient digestion and individual Sweet Bran components on nutrient digestion , Rebecca L. Sjostrand

The impact of plant cell wall lignin on energy utilization in lactating Jersey cows. , Jason Stypinski

The Impact of Steam-flaked Rye Replacing Steam-flaked Corn on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Yearling Steers and The Effect of Exogenous Megasphaera elsdenii Administration Techniques on Ruminal Fermentation and Blood Parameters in an Acidosis Challenge Model , Samantha K. Wagner

Evaluation of Nutritional Factors Affecting Sow Reproductive Longevity , J'Nan E. Wittler

Using Strategic Supplementation to Enhance Cow/Calf Productivity in Summer Calving Herds in the Nebraska Sandhills , Nicole M. Woita

Host Genetics and Phenotype Associations Within the Bovine Rumen Microbiome , Waseem Abbas

Small Grain Cereal Cover Crops for Late Fall or Early Spring Grazing , Kallie Calus

Feeding a New Corn Milling Coproduct to Lactating Dairy Cattle; Examination of Whole Animal Energy and Nitrogen Balance , Addison Carroll

Evaluation of Grain Type and Processing Method on Steer Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Nutrient Digestion , Caitlin Coulson

The Effects of Different Feed Supplements on Performance Parameters, Egg Measurements, and Eggshell Integrity in Older White Leghorn Laying Hens , Josephine Foley

Evaluation of Condensed Algal Residue Solubles as an Ingredient in Cattle Finishing Diets and Its Effects on Digestibility and Fatty Acid Flow and a Comparison of Single and Dual Implant Strategies in Finishing Heifers , John Gibbons

Evaluation of Cattle Management for Systems with Limited Perennial Pasture , Morgan Grabau

Management of Late Summer Planted Annual Forages for Grazing and the Impacts of Novel Sweet Bran Plus Products on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Beef Finishing Steers , Devin Jakub

Changes in Whole Blood Parameters in Beef Heifers May Contribute to Delayed Pubertal Attainment , Jessica A. Keane

UNDERSTANDING RUMEN MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION TOWARDS DECREASING METHANE EMISSIONS , Allison L. Knoell

The Effects of Omega-3 PUFA Infusions During Late Gestation on Developmental Pathologies in the Intrauterine Growth Restricted Fetus , Taylor Lacey

Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Two Contrasting Beef Systems from Birth to Slaughter in Eastern Nebraska , Levi McPhillips

The Role of Fatty Acids in Ruminant Diets and Novel Feed Ingredients High in Omega– 3 Fatty Acids Fed in Feedlot Diets , Mitchell M. Norman

Utilizing Online Resources to Enhance Distribution of Competitive Animal Evaluation Knowledge and Benefits , Brooke L. Parrish

The Effect of Heat Stress and Beta-Adrenergic Agonists on Fatty Acid Mobilization and Their Individual and Interacting Impact on the Adipose Transcriptome of Ruminant Livestock , Rachel R. Reith

Variation in the Genome and Transcriptome Associated with Beef Cattle Production and Investigation of the Metabolic Consequences of Beta-adrenergic Agonist Supplementation , Renae L. Sieck

Low-Oxygen Dry Aging of Beef , Joseph Sonderman

Impact of Wood-Sourced Biochar on Carbon and Nitrogen Capture in Beef Feedlot Systems , Jessica L. Sperber

QUANTIFICATION AND REPEATED MEASUREMENTS OF CONFORMATION TRAITS IN REPLACEMENT FEMALES TO OPTIMIZE SOW LONGEVITY , Melanie D. Trenhaile Grannemann

ESTIMATION OF BREED EFFECTS AND GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR AGE AT SLAUGHTER AND DAYS TO FINISH IN A MULTIBREED BEEF CATTLE POPULATION , Lindsay Upperman

Enhancement of Dry-Aged Beef Quality by Dietary Supplementation of High Levels of Vitamin E , David Velazco

Advancing the Science of Dry-Aged Beef , Felipe Azevedo Ribeiro

Improving the Accuracy of Genomic Predictions: Investigation of Training Methods and Data Pooling , Johnna Baller

Evaluation of Maternal Diet and its Effect on Milk Composition and Piglet Health and Growth Performance , Shana Barnett

Investigating microbiomes and developing direct-fed microbials to improve cattle health , Alison Bartenslager

Comparison of comprehensive health score in North American housed giraffe and free-ranging giraffe from South Africa , Haley Beer

Impact of Diet and Quality Grade on Meat Quality Characteristics and Their Relationship to Oxidative Stress , Nicolas Bland

Characterization of protein and fat in dairy feeds and implications on digestibility and milk composition , Kassidy Buse

The Role of Postnatal Adrenergic Manipulation in the Mediation of Fetal Programming Adaptions in Growth and Skeletal Muscle Glucose Metabolism That Persist in the Juvenile IUGR-born Lamb , Rachel L. Gibbs

The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Postmortem Meat Quality , Nicolas J. Herrera

Influence of Strategic Supplementation and Genetic Potential for Milk Yield on Forage Digestibility, Amino Acid Utilization, and Livestock Production , Tasha M. King

Effects of NDF digestibility on Lactating Jersey Cows: Observed and Modeled Performance , Kirby Krogstad

Interaction of Urea with Frequency and Amount of Distillers Grains Supplementation for Growing Steers on a High Forage Diet , Haley F. Linder

ENERGY AND AMINO ACID METABOLISM IN LACTATING JERSEY COWS CONSUMING FEED BYPRODUCTS , Kyle McLain

Energy metabolism in Jersey cows: Improving our understanding of energy requirements and utilization , Dennis Morris

Evaluation of Protein Sources and Holstein Finishing Systems for Organic Beef Production and a Comparison of Single and Dual Implant Strategies in Finishing Heifers , Elizabeth Schumacher

Heat Stress-induced Deficits in Growth, Metabolic Efficiency, and Cardiovascular Function Coincided with Chronic Systemic Inflammation and Hypercatecholaminemia in Ractopamine-supplemented Feedlot Lambs; Atypical Cyclicity at Puberty in Beef Cows Is Associated with Early Deficits in Muscling, Metabolic Indicators, and Myoblast Function in Offspring but Does Not Impact Feedlot Performance , Rebecca M. Swanson

Translational Genomics For Improving Sow Fertility , Hiruni R. Wijesena

EVALUATION OF NOVEL ADDITIVES AND CORN SILAGE AS NATURAL ALTERNATIVES TO ANTIBIOTICS FOR THE PREVENTION OF RUMINAL ACIDOSIS AND LIVER ABSCESSES IN BEEF FINISHING CATTLE , Hannah C. Wilson

IMPACT OF COW SIZE AND VALIDATION OF AN ELECTRONIC FEEDER TO OPTIMIZE RESOURCES IN BEEF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS , Rob Ziegler

Evaluation of Microbial Community Dynamics Impacting the Shelf-Life of Processed Meats , Chad G. Bower

Evaluation of Alpha Amylase Containing Corn on Beef Cattle Performance and Digestibility and Double-Cropped Annual Forages Following Corn Harvest , McKenna Brinton

Effects of Late Gestation Supplementation and Creep Feeding on Spring Calving Beef Cows in the Nebraska Sandhills , Devin Broadhead

Impact of Feeding Distillers Grains or Isolated Components in Distillers Grains to Growing and Finishing Cattle, and the Comparison of Protein Content and In-Situ Digestibility of Feeds Commonly Used in Feedlot Diets , Brianna B. Conroy

Selective harvest methods and chemical treatment of baled corn residue for utilization in growing calf and dry cow diets , Ashley C. Conway

Impact of Beta-Adrenergic Agonist Supplementation and Heat Stress on the Microbiome and Gastrointestinal Transcriptome of Sheep , Erin M. Duffy

Beef Production Systems in the Nebraska Sandhills , McKay Erickson

The Effects of Butyric Acid on Performance Parameters, Egg Quality and Nutrient Utilization in Young White Leghorn Hens , Dani-el Hanna

Impact of Myoglobin Oxygenation State on Color Stability of Beef Steaks During Frozen Storage and Thawed Retail Display , Morgan Lee Henriott

Effects of Alternative Carbohydrate Sources and Soybean-Derived Isoflavones on the Microbiome and Immune System of Nursery Piglets and Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell Line J-2 , Sydney Kinstler

Undergraduate Success in Animal Science Courses Based on Demographics, Motivation, and Online Courses , Haylee Anne Lavoie

Attainment and Maintenance of Pubertal Cyclicity May Predict High A4 Cows with Reduced Fertility , Sarah Nafziger

The Utilization of Brown Midrib Corn Silage Hybrids and Kernel Processing to Improve Corn Silage Value and the Use of High Protein Distillers Grains to Evaluate Starch Digestion , Lauren A. Ovinge

The Role of Inflammatory Pathways in Development, Growth, and Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle in IUGR Offspring; Blood Gene Expression of Inflammatory Factors as Novel Biomarkers for Assessing Stress and Wellbeing in Exotic Species. , Robert J. Posont

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