how to improve your critical thinking skills

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3 Simple Habits to Improve Your Critical Thinking

• Helen Lee Bouygues

But simple doesn’t mean easy.

Too many business leaders are simply not reasoning through pressing issues, and it’s hurting their organizations.  The good news is that critical thinking is a learned behavior. There are three simple things you can do to train yourself to become a more effective critical thinker: question assumptions, reason through logic, and diversify your thought and perspectives. They may sound obvious, but deliberately cultivating these three key habits of mind go a long way in helping you become better at clear and robust reasoning.

A few years ago, a CEO assured me that his company was the market leader. “Clients will not leave for competitors,” he added. “It costs too much for them to switch.” Within weeks, the manufacturing giant Procter & Gamble elected not to renew its contract with the firm. The CEO was shocked — but he shouldn’t have been.

• HB Helen Lee Bouygues is the president of the Paris-based Reboot Foundation . A former partner at McKinsey & Company, she has served as interim CEO, CFO, or COO for more than one dozen companies.

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• How to build your critical thinking ski ...

How to build your critical thinking skills in 7 steps (with examples)

Critical thinking is, well, critical. By developing critical thinking skills, you improve your ability to analyze information and come to the best decision possible. In this article, we cover the basics of critical thinking, as well as the seven steps you can use to implement the full critical thinking process.

Critical thinking comes from asking the right questions to come to the best conclusion possible. Strong critical thinkers analyze information from a variety of viewpoints in order to identify the best course of action.

Don’t worry if you don’t think you have strong critical thinking skills. In this article, we’ll help you build a foundation for critical thinking so you can absorb, analyze, and make informed decisions. 

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What is critical thinking? 

Critical thinking is the ability to collect and analyze information to come to a conclusion. Being able to think critically is important in virtually every industry and applicable across a wide range of positions. That’s because critical thinking isn’t subject-specific—rather, it’s your ability to parse through information, data, statistics, and other details in order to identify a satisfactory solution. 

Definitions of critical thinking

Various scholars have provided definitions of critical thinking, each emphasizing different aspects of this complex cognitive process:

Michael Scriven , an American philosopher, defines critical thinking as "the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication as a guide to belief and action."

Robert Ennis , professor emeritus at the University of Illinois, describes critical thinking as "reasonable, reflective thinking focused on deciding what to believe or do."

Diane Halpern , a cognitive psychologist and former president of the American Psychological Association, defines it as "the use of cognitive skills or strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome."

8 essential critical thinking skills to develop

Critical thinking is essential for success in everyday life, higher education, and professional settings. The handbook "Foundation for Critical Thinking" defines it as a process of conceptualization, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of information.

In no particular order, here are eight key critical thinking abilities that can help you excel in any situation:

1. Analytical thinking

Analytical thinking involves evaluating data from multiple sources in order to come to the best conclusions. Analytical thinking allows people to reject cognitive biases and strive to gather and analyze intricate subject matter while solving complex problems. Analytical thinkers who thrive at critical thinking can:

Identify patterns and trends in the data

Break down complex issues into manageable components

Recognize cause-and-effect relationships

Evaluate the strength of arguments and evidence

Example: A data analyst breaks down complex sales figures to identify trends and patterns that inform the company's marketing strategy.

2. Open-mindedness

Open-mindedness is the willingness to consider new ideas, arguments, and information without prejudice. This critical thinking skill helps you analyze and process information to come to an unbiased conclusion. Part of the critical thinking process is letting your personal biases go, taking information at face value and coming to a conclusion based on multiple points of view .

Open-minded critical thinkers demonstrate:

Willingness to consider alternative viewpoints

Ability to suspend judgment until sufficient evidence is gathered

Receptiveness to constructive criticism and feedback

Flexibility in updating beliefs based on new information

Example: During a product development meeting, a team leader actively considers unconventional ideas from junior members, leading to an innovative solution.

3. Problem-solving

Effective problem solving is a cornerstone of critical thinking. It requires the ability to identify issues, generate possible solutions, evaluate alternatives, and implement the best course of action. This critical thinking skill is particularly valuable in fields like project management and entrepreneurship.

Key aspects of problem-solving include:

Clearly defining the problem

Gathering relevant information

Brainstorming potential solutions

Evaluating the pros and cons of each option

Implementing and monitoring the chosen solution

Reflecting on the outcome and adjusting as necessary

Example: A high school principal uses problem-solving skills to address declining student engagement by surveying learners, consulting with higher education experts, and implementing a new curriculum that balances academic rigor with practical, real-world applications.

4. Reasoned judgment

Reasoned judgment is a key component of higher order thinking that involves making thoughtful decisions based on logical analysis of evidence and thorough consideration of alternatives. This critical thinking skill is important in both academic and professional settings. Key aspects reasoned judgment include:

Objectively gathering and analyzing information

Evaluating the credibility and relevance of evidence

Considering multiple perspectives before drawing conclusions

Making decisions based on logical inference and sound reasoning

Example: A high school science teacher uses reasoned judgment to design an experiment, carefully observing and analyzing results before drawing conclusions about the hypothesis.

5. Reflective thinking

Reflective thinking is the process of analyzing one's own thought processes, actions, and outcomes to gain deeper understanding and improve future performance. Good critical thinking requires analyzing and synthesizing information to form a coherent understanding of a problem. It's an essential critical thinking skill for continuous learning and improvement.

Key aspects of reflective thinking include:

Critically examining one's own assumptions and cognitive biases

Considering diverse viewpoints and perspectives

Synthesizing information from various experiences and sources

Applying insights to improve future decision-making and actions

Continuously evaluating and adjusting one's thinking processes

Example: A community organizer reflects on the outcomes of a recent public event, considering what worked well and what could be improved for future initiatives.

6. Communication

Strong communication skills help critical thinkers articulate ideas clearly and persuasively. Communication in the workplace is crucial for effective teamwork, leadership, and knowledge dissemination. Key aspects of communication in critical thinking include:

Clearly expressing complex ideas

Active listening and comprehension

Adapting communication styles to different audiences

Constructing and delivering persuasive arguments

Example: A manager effectively explains a new company policy to her team, addressing their concerns and ensuring everyone understands its implications.

7. Research

Critical thinkers with strong research skills gather, evaluate, and synthesize information from various sources of information. This is particularly important in academic settings and in professional fields that require continuous learning. Effective research involves:

Identifying reliable and relevant sources of information

Evaluating the credibility and bias of sources

Synthesizing information from multiple sources

Recognizing gaps in existing knowledge

Example: A journalist verifies information from multiple credible sources before publishing an article on a controversial topic.

8. Decision-making

Effective decision making is the culmination of various critical thinking skills that allow an individual to draw logical conclusions and generalizations. It involves weighing options, considering consequences, and choosing the best course of action. Key aspects of decision-making include:

Defining clear criteria for evaluation

Gathering and analyzing relevant information

Considering short-term and long-term consequences

Managing uncertainty and risk

Balancing logic and intuition

Example: A homeowner weighs the costs, benefits, and long-term implications before deciding to invest in solar panels for their house.

How to develop critical thinking skills in 7 steps

Critical thinking is a skill that you can build by following these seven steps. The seven steps to critical thinking help you ensure you’re approaching a problem from the right angle, considering every alternative, and coming to an unbiased conclusion.

First things first: When to use the 7 step critical thinking process

There’s a lot that goes into the full critical thinking process, and not every decision needs to be this thought out. Sometimes, it’s enough to put aside bias and approach a process logically. In other, more complex cases, the best way to identify the ideal outcome is to go through the entire critical thinking process. 

The seven-step critical thinking process is useful for complex decisions in areas you are less familiar with. Alternatively, the seven critical thinking steps can help you look at a problem you’re familiar with from a different angle, without any bias. 

If you need to make a less complex decision, consider another problem solving strategy instead. Decision matrices are a great way to identify the best option between different choices. Check out our article on 7 steps to creating a decision matrix .

1. Identify the problem or question

Before you put those critical thinking skills to work, you first need to identify the problem you’re solving. This step includes taking a look at the problem from a few different perspectives and asking questions like: 

What’s happening? 

Why is this happening? 

What assumptions am I making? 

At first glance, how do I think we can solve this problem? 

A big part of developing your critical thinking skills is learning how to come to unbiased conclusions. In order to do that, you first need to acknowledge the biases that you currently have. Does someone on your team think they know the answer? Are you making assumptions that aren’t necessarily true? Identifying these details helps you later on in the process. 

2. Gather relevant information

At this point, you likely have a general idea of the problem—but in order to come up with the best solution, you need to dig deeper. 

During the research process, collect information relating to the problem, including data, statistics, historical project information, team input, and more. Make sure you gather information from a variety of sources, especially if those sources go against your personal ideas about what the problem is or how to solve it.

Gathering varied information is essential for your ability to apply the critical thinking process. If you don’t get enough information, your ability to make a final decision will be skewed. Remember that critical thinking is about helping you identify the objective best conclusion. You aren’t going with your gut—you’re doing research to find the best option

3. Analyze and evaluate data

Just as it’s important to gather a variety of information, it is also important to determine how relevant the different information sources are. After all, just because there is data doesn’t mean it’s relevant. 

Once you’ve gathered all of the information, sift through the noise and identify what information is relevant and what information isn’t. Synthesizing all of this information and establishing significance helps you weigh different data sources and come to the best conclusion later on in the critical thinking process. 

To determine data relevance, ask yourself:

How reliable is this information? 

How significant is this information? 

Is this information outdated? Is it specialized in a specific field? 

4. Consider alternative points of view

One of the most useful parts of the critical thinking process is coming to a decision without bias. In order to do so, you need to take a step back from the process and challenge the assumptions you’re making. 

We all have bias—and that isn’t necessarily a bad thing. Unconscious biases (also known as cognitive biases) often serve as mental shortcuts to simplify problem solving and aid decision making. But even when biases aren’t inherently bad, you must be aware of your biases in order to put them aside when necessary. 

Before coming to a solution, ask yourself:

Am I making any assumptions about this information? 

Are there additional variables I haven’t considered? 

Have I evaluated the information from every perspective? 

Are there any viewpoints I missed?

5. Draw logical conclusions

Finally, you’re ready to come to a conclusion. To identify the best solution, draw connections between causes and effects. Use the facts you’ve gathered to evaluate the most objective conclusion. 

Keep in mind that there may be more than one solution. Often, the problems you’re facing are complex and intricate. The critical thinking process doesn’t necessarily lead to a cut-and-dry solution—instead, the process helps you understand the different variables at play so you can make an informed decision. 

6. Develop and communication solutions

Communication is a key skill for critical thinkers. It isn’t enough to think for yourself—you also need to share your conclusion with other project stakeholders. If there are multiple solutions, present them all. There may be a case where you implement one solution, then test to see if it works before implementing another solution. 

This process of communicating and sharing ideas is key in promoting critical thinking abilities within a team or organization. By encouraging open dialogue and collaborative problem-solving, you create an environment that fosters the development of critical thinking skills in others.

7. Reflect and learn from the process

The seven-step critical thinking process yields a result—and you then need to put that solution into place. After you’ve implemented your decision, evaluate whether or not it was effective. Did it solve the initial problem? What lessons—whether positive or negative—can you learn from this experience to improve your critical thinking for next time? 

By engaging in this metacognitive reflective thinking process, you're essentially teaching critical thinking skills to yourself, refining your methodology with each iteration. This reflective practice is fundamental in developing a more robust and adaptable approach to problem-solving.

Depending on how your team shares information, consider documenting lessons learned in a central source of truth. That way, team members that are making similar or related decisions in the future can understand why you made the decision you made and what the outcome was.

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Critical thinking examples in the workplace

Imagine you work in user experience design (UX). Your team is focused on pricing and packaging and ensuring customers have a clear understanding of the different services your company offers. Here’s how to apply the critical thinking process in the workplace in seven steps: 

Step 1: Start by identifying the problem

Your current pricing page isn’t performing as well as you want. You’ve heard from customers that your services aren’t clear, and that the page doesn’t answer the questions they have. This page is really important for your company, since it’s where your customers sign up for your service. You and your team have a few theories about why your current page isn’t performing well, but you decide to apply the critical thinking process to ensure you come to the best decision for the page. 

Gather information about how the problem started

Part of identifying the problem includes understanding how the problem started. The pricing and packaging page is important—so when your team initially designed the page, they certainly put a lot of thought into it. Before you begin researching how to improve the page, ask yourself: 

Why did you design the pricing page the way you did? 

Which stakeholders need to be involved in the decision making process? 

Where are users getting stuck on the page?

Are any features currently working?

Step 2: Then gather information and research

In addition to understanding the history of the pricing and packaging page, it’s important to understand what works well. Part of this research means taking a look at what your competitor’s pricing pages look like. 

Ask yourself: 

How have our competitors set up their pricing pages?

Are there any pricing page best practices? 

How does color, positioning, and animation impact navigation? 

Are there any standard page layouts customers expect to see? 

Step 3: Organize and analyze information

You’ve gathered all of the information you need—now you need to organize and analyze it. What trends, if any, are you noticing? Is there any particularly relevant or important information that you have to consider? 

Step 4: Consider alternative viewpoints to reduce bias

In the case of critical thinking, it’s important to address and set bias aside as much as possible. Ask yourself: 

Is there anything I’m missing? 

Have I connected with the right stakeholders? 

Are there any other viewpoints I should consider? 

Step 5: Determine the most logical solution for your team

You now have all of the information you need to design the best pricing page. Depending on the complexity of the design, you may want to design a few options to present to a small group of customers or A/B test on the live website.

Step 6: Communicate your solution to stakeholders

Critical thinking skills can help you in every element of your life, but in the workplace, you must also involve key project stakeholders . Stakeholders help you determine next steps, like whether you’ll A/B test the page first. Depending on the complexity of the issue, consider hosting a meeting or sharing a status report to get everyone on the same page. 

Step 7: Reflect on the results

No process is complete without evaluating the results. Once the new page has been live for some time, evaluate whether it did better than the previous page. What worked? What didn’t? This also helps you make better critical decisions later on.

Tools and techniques to improve critical thinking skills

Understanding how to improve critical thinking skills has become a cornerstone of personal and professional growth in the 21st century. Recognizing the importance of critical thinking, experts across various disciplines have contributed valuable insights and methodologies. Here are some notable contributions from experts and institutions in the field:

Mind mapping: A visual approach to critical thinking skills

Mind mapping is a visual technique that helps organize and structure information. It's particularly useful for synthesizing complex ideas and identifying connections between different concepts. The benefits of mind mapping include:

Enhancing creativity by encouraging non-linear thinking

Improving memory and retention of information

Facilitating brainstorming and idea generation

Providing a clear overview of complex topics

To create a mind map:

Start with a central idea or concept.

Branch out with related sub topics or ideas.

Use colors, symbols, and images to enhance visual appeal and memorability.

Draw connections between related ideas across different branches.

Mind mapping can be particularly effective in project planning , content creation, and studying complex subjects.

The Socratic Method: Deepening critical thinking skills

The Socratic Method, named after the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates, involves asking probing questions to stimulate critical thinking and illuminate ideas. This technique is widely used in higher education to teach critical thinking. Key aspects of the Socratic Method include:

Asking open-ended questions that encourage deeper reflection

Challenging assumptions and preconceived notions

Exploring the implications and consequences of ideas

Fostering intellectual curiosity and continuous inquiry

The Socratic Method can be applied in various settings:

In education, to encourage students to think deeply about subject matter

In business, it is important to challenge team members to consider multiple points of view.

In personal development, to examine one's own beliefs and decisions

Example: A high school teacher might use the Socratic Method to guide students through a complex ethical dilemma, asking questions like "What principles are at stake here?" and "How might this decision affect different stakeholders?"

SWOT analysis: Comprehensive critical thinking skills

SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis is a strategic planning tool that can be applied to critical thinking. It helps in evaluating situations from multiple angles, promoting a more thorough understanding of complex issues. The components of SWOT analysis are:

Strengths: internal positive attributes or assets

Weaknesses: internal negative attributes or limitations

Opportunities: External factors that could be beneficial

Threats: External factors that could be harmful

To conduct a SWOT analysis:

Clearly define the subject of analysis (e.g., a project, organization, or decision).

Brainstorm and list items for each category.

Analyze the interactions between different factors.

Use the analysis to inform strategy or decision-making.

Example: A startup might use SWOT analysis to evaluate its position before seeking investment, identifying its innovative technology as a strength, limited capital as a weakness, growing market demand as an opportunity, and established competitors as a threat.

Critical thinking resources

The Foundation for Critical Thinking : Based in California, this organization offers a wide range of resources, including books, articles, and workshops on critical thinking.

The National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking : This council provides guidelines and standards for critical thinking instruction and assessment.

University of Louisville : Their Critical Thinking Initiative offers various resources and tools that teach people how to develop critical thinking skills.

The New York Times Learning Network provides lesson plans and activities to help develop critical thinking skills through current events and news analysis.

Critical thinking frameworks and tools

Paul-Elder Critical Thinking Framework : Developed by Dr. Richard Paul and Dr. Linda Elder, this framework provides a comprehensive approach to developing critical thinking skills.

Bloom's Taxonomy : While not exclusively for critical thinking, this classification system is widely used in education to promote higher-order thinking skills.

The California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) : This assessment tool measures the disposition to engage in problems and make decisions using critical thinking.

The Ennis-Weir Critical Thinking Essay Test : Developed by Robert Ennis, this test assesses a person's ability to appraise an argument and to formulate a written argument.

By incorporating these tools and techniques into regular practice, individuals can learn how to improve critical thinking skills, which leads to more effective problem-solving, decision-making, and overall cognitive performance.

The power of critical thinking skills

Critical thinking skills take time to build, but with effort and patience you can apply an unbiased, analytical mind to any situation. Critical thinking makes up one of many soft skills that makes you an effective team member, manager, and worker. If you’re looking to hone your skills further, read our article on the 25 project management skills you need to succeed .

FAQ: Critical thinking skills

What is being a critical thinker?

Being a critical thinker means possessing strong critical thinking skills that allow you to analyze information objectively and make reasoned judgments. It involves developing analytical skills and the capacity for critical thought. A critical thinker questions assumptions, considers multiple perspectives, and bases decisions on evidence rather than emotions or biases.

What are the 5 C's of critical thinking?

The 5 C's of critical thinking are the core skill sets that make you a better critical thinker:

Curiosity: Asking questions and seeking new information

Creativity: Generating innovative solutions and ideas

Clarity: Expressing thoughts and ideas clearly and precisely

Consistency: Maintaining logical coherence in arguments and reasoning

Commitment: Dedicating oneself to ongoing learning and improvement

These skills directly improve critical thinking and strengthen overall cognitive abilities. Understanding and practicing these 5 C's is a fundamental aspect of how to develop critical thinking skills effectively.

How do you demonstrate critical thinking?

Demonstrating critical thinking involves applying your skill set in various situations. This includes analyzing problems, evaluating information sources, considering multiple perspectives, and using evidence-based reasoning. Many employers highlight these qualities in job descriptions, as they value employees who can apply critical thought to workplace challenges.

What is a real-life example of critical thinking?

A real-life critical thinking example could be making a major purchase decision, such as buying a car. Here's how you might apply critical thinking skills:

Research: Gather information about different car models, prices, and features

Analysis: Compare and contrast options based on your needs and budget

Evaluation: Assess the reliability of information sources (e.g., consumer reports, user reviews)

Questioning: Ask car dealers probing questions about warranties, maintenance costs, and resale value

Consideration of alternatives: Explore options like leasing or public transportation

Decision-making: Weigh pros and cons to make an informed choice

Reflection: After the purchase, evaluate your decision-making process for future improvement

This critical thinking example demonstrates how critical thought can be applied to everyday situations.

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How to Improve Your Critical Thinking Skills

Traditional tools and new technologies..

Posted September 29, 2023 | Reviewed by Lybi Ma

Technology provides access to vast information and makes daily life easier. Yet, too much reliance on technology potentially interferes with the acquisition and maintenance of critical thinking skills in several ways:

1. Information Overload : The constant influx of data can discourage deep critical thinking as we may come to rely on quick, surface-level information rather than delving deeply into a subject.

2. Shortened Attention Span: Frequent digital distractions can disrupt our ability for the sustained focus and concentration required for critical thinking.

3. Confirmatory Bias and Echo Chambers: Technology, including social media and personalized content algorithms, can reinforce confirmation bias . People are often exposed to information that aligns with their beliefs and opinions, making them less likely to encounter diverse perspectives and engage in critical thinking about opposing views.

4. Reduced Problem-Solving Opportunities: Technology often provides quick solutions to problems. While this benefits efficiency, it may discourage individuals from engaging in complex problem-solving, a fundamental aspect of critical thinking.

5. Loss of Research Skills: The ease of accessing information online can diminish traditional research skills, such as library research or in-depth reading. These skills are essential for critical thinking, as they involve evaluating sources, synthesizing information, and analyzing complex texts.

While technology can pose challenges to developing critical thinking skills, it's important to note that technology can also be a valuable tool for learning and skill development. It can provide access to educational resources, facilitate collaboration , and support critical thinking when used thoughtfully and intentionally. Balancing technology use with activities that encourage deep thinking and analysis is vital to lessening its potential adverse effects on critical thinking.

Writing is a traditional and powerful tool to exercise and improve your critical thinking skills. Consider these ways writing can help enhance critical thinking:

1. Clarity of Thought: Writing requires that you articulate your thoughts clearly and coherently. When you need to put your ideas on paper, you must organize them logically, which requires a deeper understanding of the subject matter.

2. Analysis and Evaluation: Critical thinking involves analyzing and evaluating information. When you write, you often need to assess the validity and relevance of different sources, arguments, or pieces of evidence, which hone your critical thinking skills.

3. Problem-Solving: Writing can be a problem-solving exercise in itself. Whether crafting an argument, developing a thesis, or finding the right words to express your ideas, writing requires thinking critically about approaching these challenges effectively.

4. Research Skills: Good writing often involves research, and research requires critical thinking. You need to assess the credibility of sources, synthesize information, and draw conclusions based on the evidence you gather.

5. Argumentation: Constructing a persuasive argument in writing is a complex process requiring critical thinking. You must anticipate counterarguments, provide evidence to support your claims, and address potential weaknesses in your reasoning.

6. Revision and Editing: To be an influential writer, you must learn to read your work critically. Editing and revising requires evaluating your writing objectively, identifying areas that need improvement, and refining your ideas and arguments.

7. Problem Identification: In some cases, writing can help you identify problems or gaps in your thinking. As you write, you might realize that your arguments are not as strong as you initially thought or that you need more information to support your claims. This recognition of limitations is a crucial aspect of critical thinking.

Writing is a dynamic process that engages multiple facets of critical thinking. It has been a valuable tool used in education , business, and personal development for centuries.

Yet, this traditional approach of self-generated written thoughts is rapidly being supplanted by AI -generated writing tools like Chat GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer. With over 100 million users of Chat GPT alone, we cannot ignore its potential impact. How might the increasing reliance on AI-generated writing tools influence our critical thinking skills? The impact can vary depending on how the tools are used and the context in which they are employed.

Critical thinking involves evaluating information sources for credibility, relevance, and bias. If individuals consistently trust the information provided by chatbots without critically assessing its quality, it can hinder their development of critical thinking skills. This is especially true if they depend on the chatbot to provide answers without questioning or verifying the information. Relying solely on chatbots for answers may also reduce people's effort in problem-solving. Critical thinking often requires wrestling with complex problems, considering multiple perspectives, and generating creative solutions. If we default to chatbots for quick answers, we may miss opportunities to develop these skills.

However, it's essential to note that the impact of chatbots on critical thinking skills may not be entirely negative. These tools can also have positive effects:

1. Chatbots provide quick access to vast information, which can benefit research and problem-solving. When used as a supplement to critical thinking, they can enhance the efficiency of information retrieval.

2. Chatbots can sometimes assist in complex tasks by providing relevant data or suggestions. When individuals critically evaluate and integrate this information into their decision-making process, it can enhance their critical thinking.

3. Chatbots can be used as learning aids. They can provide explanations, examples, and guidance, which can support skill development and, when used effectively, encourage critical thinking.

In summary, the impact of chatbots on critical thinking skills depends on how we use them. The effect will be harmful if they become a crutch to avoid independent thought or analysis. However, they can be valuable resources when used as tools to facilitate and augment critical thinking and writing processes. Individuals must balance leveraging the convenience of chatbots and actively engaging in independent critical thinking and problem-solving to maintain and enhance their cognitive abilities. You can do that effectively through writing regularly.

Copyright 2023 Tara Well, PhD

Tara Well, Ph.D. , is a professor in the department of psychology at Barnard College of Columbia University.

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How to Develop Critical Thinking Skills in 7 Steps: Practical Guide

Article 22 Nov 2024 111

7 Steps to Develop Critical Thinking Skills

Have you ever thought about if you're approaching a problem in the best way possible? Perhaps you've caught yourself making decisions based on assumptions or emotions, only to regret them later. The truth is that most of us need to be more naturally equipped to analyze every situation objectively or draw sound conclusions effortlessly.

That's where critical thinking comes in. It's not just about being skeptical—it's about thinking smarter, asking the right questions, and making better decisions. Whether you're trying to solve a work-related challenge, navigate a personal dilemma, or understand a complex issue, developing your critical thinking skills can be transformative.

This guide will explore seven practical steps to help you develop critical thinking naturally and attainable. These steps will empower you to tackle problems with clarity, make well-reasoned decisions, and, most importantly, feel confident in your thought process.

Understanding Critical Thinking

What Is Critical Thinking?

Critical thinking objectively evaluates information, identifies assumptions, and reaches logical conclusions. At its core, it's about being curious and analytical rather than passive or reactive.

Imagine you're asked to decide between two job offers. Without critical thinking, you might focus only on salary or location. But by analyzing the long-term growth potential, work culture, and learning opportunities, you'd make a better decision with your goals.

Key Elements of Critical Thinking:

Objectivity: Removing personal biases to assess facts.

Reasoning: Forming logical connections between ideas.

Reflection: Evaluating past experiences to improve future decisions.

Why Developing Critical Thinking Matters

Critical thinking isn't just a skill reserved for academics, philosophers, or scientists—it's a universal life skill that touches every decision we make. From resolving everyday dilemmas to addressing complex challenges in professional settings, critical thinking enables us to navigate situations with clarity and confidence. 

A recent LinkedIn study underscores its significance, revealing that 68% of employers rank critical thinking as one of the most desirable workplace skills. 

This isn't surprising, as analyzing, reasoning, and evaluating are vital in an era of abundant information but need more discernment.

So, why does critical thinking matter so much?

1. Better Decision-Making

One of the most immediate benefits of critical thinking is improved decision-making. Instead of relying on impressions or emotional reactions, critical thinkers evaluate choices objectively, weighing evidence, risks, and potential outcomes. 

For example, a manager deciding between two marketing strategies might analyze data, seek feedback, and project long-term impacts before choosing. This thoughtful approach reduces the likelihood of mistakes and leads to more informed and strategic decisions.

2. Enhanced Problem-Solving

Challenges are an inevitable part of life, but critical thinking turns these obstacles into opportunities for growth. Critical thinkers can tackle issues more efficiently by breaking down problems into smaller, manageable components. 

For example, an entrepreneur facing declining sales might use critical thinking to identify root causes, such as shifts in customer behavior or increased competition, and then develop targeted solutions. 

This structured approach ensures challenges are addressed systematically, minimizing wasted effort and maximizing results.

3. Improved Communication

Critical thinking enhances communication by helping individuals articulate their thoughts clearly and logically. Whether writing an email, presenting a proposal, or engaging in a debate, critical thinkers structure their arguments in ways that are persuasive and easy to understand. 

For example, a team leader presenting a new project idea can use critical thinking to anticipate objections, address concerns with evidence, and foster collaboration. This clarity builds trust and strengthens personal and professional relationships by reducing misunderstandings and fostering mutual respect.

Critical thinking is the foundation of effective decision-making, problem-solving, and communication—three pillars supporting success in every aspect of life. By cultivating this skill, you can confidently navigate challenges, make thoughtful choices, and connect with others on a deeper level. Whether in the boardroom, classroom or at home, critical thinking is a tool that empowers you to thrive.

The 7 Steps to Develop Critical Thinking

Step 1: Identify the Problem

Every solution starts with clearly defining the problem. With clarity, efforts to resolve the issue may be directed, leading to wasted time and resources. Be specific about what you're addressing.

For example, instead of saying, "We need to improve sales," pinpoint the issue: "Sales have dropped by 15% in the last quarter, particularly in the Midwest region." 

This level of specificity narrows your focus and sets the groundwork for actionable solutions.

Practice breaking down broader concerns into smaller, measurable components to develop this skill. Ask questions like: What exactly is happening? Where is it happening? Who is affected? What are the observable effects? 

The more precisely you define the problem, the easier it becomes to create strategies that effectively target the core issue.

Step 2: Gather Relevant Information

Once the problem is defined, gather information to understand its scope and impact. This depends on reliable sources such as industry reports, peer-reviewed articles, expert opinions, and firsthand experiences. Avoid making assumptions or relying solely on anecdotal evidence, leading to misguided decisions.

For example, a small business owner analyzing declining foot traffic might gather customer feedback through surveys, study competitors' marketing strategies, and review data on local market trends. The goal is to collect diverse, accurate information that provides a well-rounded understanding of the issue.

To strengthen this step, ensure your sources are trustworthy and up-to-date. Validate data points, cross-check facts, and consult multiple perspectives. Tools like Google Scholar, government databases, or professional networks can help you compile reliable insights to inform your decision-making process.

Step 3: Analyze the Information

With the data in hand, the next step is critically analyzing it. Look for patterns, inconsistencies, and root causes that might explain the issue. Techniques such as Pareto charts or SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) can be beneficial in breaking down complex data.

For example, if sales are declining during weekends, you might identify contributing factors such as shifts in customer preferences, competing local events, or changes in store hours. These insights help prioritize which areas to address first.

To hone this skill, practice separating facts from assumptions. Question the data: Is there enough evidence to support conclusions? Are the sources unbiased? Analyzing information means digging deeper into details, comparing different perspectives, and avoiding confirmation bias.

Step 4: Develop Possible Solutions

Critical thinkers rarely settle for one solution. Brainstorming multiple options encourages creativity and ensures that all angles are considered. Aim for quantity over quality at this stage—write down every idea, even the unconventional ones, without immediate judgment.

For example, suppose a retail store is experiencing low weekend sales. Potential solutions include hosting community events, launching limited-time promotions, or adjusting the product mix to suit weekend shoppers. Diverse perspectives can be invaluable, so consider involving team members or stakeholders in brainstorming.

Try techniques like mind mapping, the Six Thinking Hats approach or design thinking exercises to improve this skill. The goal is to push boundaries and think outside the box, exploring new methods that may not have been tried before.

Step 5: Evaluate the Options

Not all solutions are equally effective, and critical thinking requires carefully evaluating each. Assess options based on feasibility, potential impact, cost, and alignment with your goals. A decision matrix can be valuable, allowing you to rank solutions objectively.

For example, extending store hours might seem promising but comes with increased labor costs. On the other hand, offering weekend discounts might attract customers without significantly affecting profit margins. By weighing these factors, you can prioritize the solution that provides the best balance of benefits and risks.

To practice evaluation, list the pros and cons of each option, consider their short- and long-term effects, and consult with trusted advisors or stakeholders. Taking the time to evaluate thoroughly ensures that your final decision is both informed and strategic.

Step 6: Implement the Solution

Once a solution is chosen, it's time to act. Implementation requires a clear plan, including defined roles, timelines, and success metrics. Break the solution into smaller, manageable steps to ensure smooth execution.

For example, a teacher adopting interactive learning tools might begin with a trial phase in one class, gather feedback, and then roll out the approach across all classes. This phased implementation reduces risk while allowing for adjustments based on early results.

To strengthen this skill, focus on setting measurable goals and monitoring progress regularly. Use project management tools or checklists to track milestones. Flexibility is essential; be prepared to pivot if initial results indicate adjustments are needed.

Step 7: Reflect on the Outcome

Reflection is often overlooked but is critical for growth. After implementing a solution, evaluate its effectiveness. 

Did the solution resolve the issue? Were there unexpected challenges or benefits? Reflection helps identify lessons learned, guiding better decisions in the future.

For example, a project manager introducing a new workflow might find that while productivity increased, communication gaps persisted. By analyzing this outcome, they can refine their approach for future projects.

To develop reflective habits, ask questions like, "What worked well?" "What could have been done differently?" and "How can I apply this learning to future challenges?" Maintaining a journal or conducting team debriefs can provide structured opportunities for reflection, ensuring continuous improvement.

Essential Critical Skills to Develop

1. Analytical Thinking

Analytical thinking is the cornerstone of critical thinking. It divides complex issues into smaller, manageable parts and evaluates each component logically. 

This skill enables you to identify patterns, assess relationships, and draw meaningful conclusions from data. Whether analyzing trends, evaluating risks, or understanding cause-and-effect relationships, analytical thinking provides clarity. 

For example, a business analyst reviewing customer feedback might segment data by demographics, uncovering trends that inform marketing strategies. 

To enhance analytical thinking, practice evaluating data sets, questioning assumptions, and considering alternative perspectives, consistent use of tools like SWOT analysis or flowcharts can further refine this skill.

2. Open-Mindedness

Open-mindedness is the ability to approach situations without bias or preconceived notions. It allows you to explore new ideas, entertain opposing views, and adapt your perspective when faced with compelling evidence. 

This skill fosters creativity and collaboration, creating an environment where diverse viewpoints are welcomed.

For example, during a team brainstorming session, open-mindedness helps you value contributions from everyone, regardless of hierarchy. 

To develop this skill, actively seek opinions from different sources, read about unfamiliar topics, and challenge your assumptions. The goal is to become comfortable with ambiguity and open to constructive criticism.

3. Problem-Solving

Problem-solving is a systematic approach to identifying solutions to challenges. It requires clearly defining the problem, exploring potential solutions, and implementing the most effective one. 

Effective problem solvers balance creativity and logic, considering their actions' short- and long-term implications. 

For example, an IT professional troubleshooting software issues might start by isolating variables and systematically testing solutions. 

To strengthen this skill, practice breaking problems into smaller parts, brainstorming multiple solutions, and assessing risks and benefits. Using frameworks like the "Five Whys" or root cause analysis can help uncover the underlying issues and lead to better solutions.

4. Decision-Making

Decision-making is about evaluating options and choosing the best course of action. It requires weighing potential outcomes, understanding risks, and aligning decisions with goals.

Influential decision-makers rely on a balance of logic, intuition, and evidence to guide their choices. For example, a manager deciding on resource allocation must consider budget constraints, project timelines, and team capacity. 

Enhancing decision-making involves gathering all relevant information, considering both positive and negative outcomes, and consulting experts or stakeholders when necessary. 

Tools like decision matrices or pro/con lists can simplify the process and help ensure more informed, confident decisions.

5. Effective Communication

Effective communication clearly articulates thoughts, arguments, and ideas while actively listening to others. This skill ensures mutual understanding and fosters collaboration. 

For example, a leader presenting a proposal must explain their reasoning clearly, addressing potential concerns while encouraging feedback. 

Improve communication, practice organizing your thoughts before speaking or writing, tailor your message to your audience, and use examples to clarify complex points. 

Active listening is equally important. It helps you understand others' perspectives and respond appropriately. Mastering verbal and nonverbal communication techniques is critical to building trust and achieving goals.

6. Creativity

Creativity is thinking outside the box and approaching problems with innovative solutions. It's about connecting unrelated ideas, experimenting with new methods, and imagining possibilities beyond conventional boundaries. 

For example, a designer creating a product prototype may draw inspiration from nature or unrelated industries. 

To enhance creativity, cultivate curiosity, explore diverse fields of knowledge, and challenge traditional methods. Brainstorming, mind mapping, or lateral thinking exercises can stimulate creative thinking. 

Remember, creativity thrives in environments that encourage risk-taking and exploration without fear of failure. Over time, fostering this mindset leads to more dynamic and effective problem-solving.

7. Self-Reflection

Self-reflection is examining one's thoughts, decisions, and actions to identify areas for improvement. It's a critical part of personal growth and learning. Reflecting on experiences can uncover biases, recognize patterns, and adjust one's approach for better outcomes. 

For example, a manager might evaluate what went well and what could have been done differently after leading a project. 

To cultivate self-reflection, set aside time to review your day, ask yourself constructive questions, and maintain a journal to track progress. This habit not only enhances critical thinking but also builds self-awareness and resilience.

8. Curiosity

Curiosity guides learning and exploring, fueling the desire to ask questions and seek answers. It's the foundation of lifelong learning and innovation. Curious individuals are more likely to discover unique solutions because they're willing to dive deeper and challenge the status quo. 

For example, researchers investigating new treatments may ask unconventional questions that lead to breakthroughs. 

To develop curiosity, embrace a mindset of "continuous learning." Read broadly, explore unfamiliar topics, and ask open-ended questions. Cultivating this trait strengthens your critical thinking and keeps you engaged and adaptable in an ever-changing world.

Critical Thinking Examples in the Workplace

1. analyzing sales trends to boost revenue.

A sales manager notices that revenue has dipped in the last quarter. Instead of jumping to conclusions, they analyze sales data, customer feedback, and market trends. 

They identified that competitors launched a new discount campaign, leading to the decline. With this insight, the manager devises a competitive pricing strategy and enhances customer engagement initiatives. 

This approach demonstrates critical thinking by relying on evidence-based analysis and structured problem-solving. The result? A targeted response that not only addresses the root cause but also strengthens the company's market position.

2. Resolving Team Conflicts

A team leader discovers tension between two team members that's affecting productivity. Instead of taking sides, the leader uses critical thinking to understand both perspectives, identify the underlying issues, and mediate a constructive discussion. 

They establish clear guidelines for collaboration and encourage open communication. This thoughtful approach ensures the conflict is resolved amicably and prevents similar issues in the future. 

The leader fosters a harmonious work environment by focusing on facts and maintaining objectivity while maintaining team morale and productivity.

3. Improving Customer Retention Strategies

A marketing executive notices a drop in customer retention rates. They analyze customer feedback, subscription data, and churn patterns using critical thinking. 

They identify that customers often leave after experiencing a lack of personalized support. In response, the executive implements automated follow-ups and introduces a loyalty rewards program. 

By addressing the core problem with data-driven solutions, the company improves retention. It strengthens customer relationships, showcasing the power of strategic thinking and problem-solving.

4. Developing a New Product Line

A product manager is tasked with creating a new product line. Instead of relying on intuition, they conduct market research, survey potential customers, and analyze competitors' offerings. They identify a gap in the market for eco-friendly, affordable alternatives. 

The manager uses these insights to guide product development, ensuring it meets customer needs while aligning with the company's values. This critical thinking approach results in a product that resonates with consumers and drives sales, demonstrating the importance of informed decision-making in innovation.

5. Navigating a Budget Crisis

A department head faces a sudden budget cut that threatens ongoing projects. Instead of panicking, they critically evaluate all expenditures, prioritize high-impact initiatives, and explore cost-saving measures. For example, they renegotiate vendor contracts and reassign resources to minimize disruptions. 

By maintaining a logical and level-headed approach, the department successfully adapts to the constraints without compromising quality. This example highlights how critical thinking enables leaders to make tough decisions efficiently and effectively.

6. Enhancing Workplace Efficiency

An operations manager observes delays in project timelines. Using critical thinking, they analyze workflows, interview team members, and pinpoint inefficiencies in the approval process. 

They implement a new digital tool to streamline communication and automate repetitive tasks. The result is a 20% improvement in project completion times. 

This example demonstrates how a critical evaluation of systems and processes can lead to innovative solutions that boost productivity and reduce operational bottlenecks.

7. Preparing for a Product Launch

A marketing team is preparing to launch a new product but discovers potential risks in their initial plan. Using critical thinking, they conduct a SWOT analysis, identifying weaknesses like inadequate customer education about the product's features. 

They responded by creating an educational campaign with videos and FAQs to address concerns. The result was a successful launch and high customer satisfaction. 

This example underscores the importance of identifying and addressing potential pitfalls through careful planning and critical analysis.

8. Managing Risk During a Crisis

A senior manager is faced with an unexpected supply chain disruption. Instead of reacting impulsively, they gather data, evaluate alternative suppliers, and assess the impact of potential delays. 

They decide to split orders among multiple suppliers to mitigate risk. By analyzing the situation thoroughly and making calculated decisions, the manager ensures business continuity while minimizing losses. 

This example illustrates how critical thinking is essential for effective crisis management, enabling swift yet thoughtful responses to complex challenges.

Tools and Methods to Improve Critical Thinking Skills

Improving critical thinking is an intentional process that involves practicing specific tools and techniques. Here are several methods to enhance your ability to analyze, evaluate, and make well-informed decisions:

SWOT Analysis

SWOT refers to Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. This tool helps evaluate situations or decisions from multiple perspectives.

SWOT analysis categorizes internal and external factors to ensure a balanced evaluation of any problem or opportunity. It's beneficial for strategic planning, risk assessment, and decision-making.

A business analyzing the potential launch of a new product could identify its strengths (unique features), weaknesses (limited budget), opportunities (untapped market), and threats (strong competitors).

The "Five Whys" Technique

It is a problem-solving method where you repeatedly ask "why" to uncover the root cause of an issue.

This technique encourages deeper thinking and avoids surface-level solutions.

If a team consistently misses deadlines, asking "why" five times might reveal that unclear task delegation, rather than inefficiency, is the root cause.

Mind Mapping

It is a visual brainstorming tool that uses branches to organize ideas around a central concept.

Mind mapping encourages creative thinking and helps see connections between ideas.

When planning a project, you could create a mind map with branches for tasks, timelines, resources, and potential risks to see how they interconnect.

Socratic Questioning

It is a method of asking open-ended, thought-provoking questions to clarify ideas and challenge assumptions.

It enhances critical thinking by encouraging reflection, deeper analysis, and identifying biases.

Example Questions:

What evidence supports this idea?

Are there alternative interpretations?

What would happen if we chose the opposite approach?

Role-Playing Scenarios

It is a technique where participants simulate a situation or take on different perspectives to evaluate decisions.

Role-playing enhances empathy, creativity, and problem-solving by allowing you to see a situation through others' eyes.

One person could be the customer in a team discussion about customer service improvements. At the same time, another represents the company, leading to practical insights.

Decision Matrix

A grid is used to evaluate options based on weighted criteria.

It helps make complex decisions by objectively quantifying and comparing multiple factors.

When deciding on a new office location, you could rate options based on cost, accessibility, and growth potential, then choose the one with the highest score.

Reflective Journaling

Reflective journaling involves writing about experiences, decisions, and thought processes to evaluate outcomes and identify areas for improvement.

Reflection promotes self-awareness, helping you recognize patterns in your thinking and behavior.

After completing a project, journal about what went well, what didn't, and how you can approach similar tasks differently next time.

Case Study Analysis

Reviewing real-world or hypothetical scenarios to evaluate problems and solutions critically.

Analyzing case studies enhances your ability to apply critical thinking principles in real-world situations.

Reading about a company's successful turnaround can provide insights into strategies that could be adapted to your challenges.

Fishbone Diagram (Ishikawa Diagram)

It is a tool used to map a problem's root causes visually.

This structured approach enables you to identify contributing factors and potential solutions systematically.

If a manufacturing process is producing defects, a fishbone diagram can help trace the problem to factors like materials, methods, or machinery.

Reverse Thinking

It is a creative technique where you approach a problem by considering the opposite of the desired outcome.

It challenges conventional thinking and uncovers innovative solutions.

To increase employee engagement, ask, "What would disengage employees?" Then, ensure you avoid those factors.

Exercises to Strengthen Critical Thinking

Spend 10 minutes a day reflecting on the decisions you made. Ask yourself why you chose a particular course of action and how it could be improved.

Debates and Discussions

Join discussions on topics that interest you. Engaging with different viewpoints strengthens your analytical and reasoning skills.

Puzzles and Brain Games

Activities like Sudoku, crossword puzzles, and logic games challenge your brain and promote logical thinking.

Overcoming Barriers to Critical Thinking

Recognizing Biases

Personal biases can cloud judgment. Acknowledge them to approach situations objectively.

Avoiding Emotional Reasoning

Decisions driven by emotions often overlook facts. Pause and ask yourself, "What do the facts say?"

Staying Open-Minded

Being willing to change your perspective when faced with new evidence is crucial for growth.

Real-Life Applications of Critical Thinking

Critical thinking helps analyze market trends, improve workflows, and make strategic decisions.

A marketing team uses critical thinking to identify why a campaign underperformed and adjusts its strategy accordingly.

Students apply critical thinking when analyzing texts, solving math problems, or conducting experiments.

Everyday Life

From deciding what to cook for dinner to planning a vacation, critical thinking ensures thoughtful choices.

Developing critical thinking isn't a one-time achievement; it's a lifelong journey. By consistently practicing these seven steps, you'll improve your decision-making and gain the confidence to tackle challenges.

Start small—apply these strategies to everyday decisions—and watch as your ability to think critically transforms your personal and professional life. The more you practice, the sharper your mind becomes. So, why not start today?

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is critical thinking, and why is it essential?

Critical thinking is analyzing and assessing information to make reasoned decisions objectively. It involves skills like logical reasoning, open-mindedness, and effective communication. Critical thinking is pivotal because it helps individuals make informed decisions, solve problems efficiently, and improve personal and professional relationships.

Can anyone develop critical thinking skills?

Yes, anyone can learn and develop critical thinking skills with practice and persistence. By applying reflective journaling, Socratic questioning, and mind mapping, individuals can enhance their ability to analyze situations, identify solutions, and make sound decisions over time.

What are the common barriers to critical thinking?

Some common barriers include personal biases, emotional reasoning, lack of information, and rigid thinking patterns. Overcoming these barriers involves self-awareness, open-mindedness, and a willingness to question acceptance and explore alternative perspectives.

How can critical thinking be applied in daily life?

Critical thinking can be applied daily, such as making financial decisions, planning vacations, or resolving conflicts. For example, before purchasing, you can evaluate product reviews, compare prices, and assess your needs to make an informed decision.

What are the top tools to improve critical thinking?

Some practical tools include SWOT analysis, the Five Whys technique, decision matrices, mind mapping, and reflective journaling. These tools help break down complex problems, uncover root causes, and evaluate solutions systematically. Regular use of these techniques improves both analytical and creative thinking skills.

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Critical thinking is the one skillset you can't afford not to master

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What is critical thinking?

5 characteristics of critical thinking, what are critical thinking skills, and why are they important, 6 key critical thinking skills, critical thinking example in real-life, 13 ways to start thinking critically.

Whether you’re aiming to improve your performance at work or simply trying to live a more fulfilling life , you’ll need a variety of hard and soft skills to move the needle. Some skills come naturally to some people, while others need to develop them actively.

One of these skills is critical thinking. But critical thinking itself is made up of several types of skills that contribute to solving problems more effectively.

Let’s explore the different types of critical thinking skills and how you can start improving them to level up your career.

Critical thinking is the ability to analyze facts objectively and form a judgment. It is a form of emotional intelligence .

Someone with critical thinking skills can think clearly and rationally when the situation demands it. It allows them to perform problem-solving and decision-making more effectively. 

As a result, you can look further than what you see at face value. You’re able to analyze what you see from a situation and gain some insight that goes further than what’s obvious to anyone from the outside.

Critical thinking also requires being able to understand the logical connection between two or more ideas or concepts. For example, a team working on a company’s pricing strategy needs to think critically about several concepts. 

Both the marketing and sales teams must work together. They need to analyze how to maximize sales. But they need to do so while also meeting profit goals. It’s important to understand the logical connection between sales strategy and marketing logistics. It’s the only way to get a good outcome.

Critical thinking is different from creative thinking . Creative thinking is the ability to generate brand new, innovative ideas. On the other hand, critical thinking requires you to carefully and logically analyze what information is given to you. Both are important to maximize results in any given situation.

What defines critical thinking? How does it affect the decision-making process? Here are five characteristics that make up the ability to think critically.

1. Dispositions

Critical thinkers have specific traits that allow them to think the way they do. Some people are predisposed to these traits, while others need to develop them actively.

Some of these dispositions include:

• Open-mindedness
• Respecting evidence and reasoning
• Being able to consider different perspectives and points of view: in other words, having cognitive flexibility
• Not being stuck in one position
• Clarity and precision

2. Argument

Good critical thinkers need to make solid arguments. 

An argument is making a statement aided by supporting evidence. It’s important to use well thought-out arguments when you’re in a constructive conflict . When analyzing a situation critically, you’ll need to make several arguments in your own mind to come to a judgment. 

3. Reasoning

In addition to arguments, critical thinking also requires inferring conclusions. From the facts and arguments presented to you, you need to use reasoning skills to come to a logical conclusion. 

This conclusion will determine the best course of action to take.

4. Criteria

Critical thinking is sometimes a matter of discerning truth from fiction. Not all facts presented to you may have the same level of truth. Certain conditions need to be met for something to be considered believable, and a critical thinker needs to be able to understand that.

5. Metacognition

Metacognition is the ability to think about your own thinking. Critical thinkers should be able to analyze their thoughts so that they can judge whether or not they’ve thought everything through. This helps them come up with better hypotheses.

The critical thinking skills definition is: soft skills that help you in the critical thinking process. Developing these skills can improve your ability to think critically.

Critical thinking skills are considered one of many durable skills in the workplace . Many of these are soft skills that are also useful in other situations.

According to research by America Succeeds, critical thinking is in the top five most requested durable skills in job postings. Those top five durable skills get requested 2.6x more often than the top five hard skills. This goes to show that soft skills like critical thinking skills are in demand in the workplace.

Critical thinking skills are important for several reasons. These include helping you work independently and solve problems . Not all positions require ongoing critical thinking. But, those skills definitely matter to anyone who wants to uplevel their career. And even the most easygoing positions require at least some level of critical thinking skills.

For example, working as an accountant can be straightforward in most cases. But it may require critical thinking skills. For instance, what if certain expenses aren’t easily distributed in simple categories? Without critical thinking skills, an accountant will struggle to work independently and solve problems on their own.

Critical thinking abilities also matter in everyday life. Having a foundation for critical thinking can help you analyze several possible solutions for problems that pop up in the home. It can also help you:

• Analyze different viewpoints
• Come up with the best solution for complex problems
• Become a better learner

The key critical thinking skills are identifying biases, inference, research, identification, curiosity, and judging relevance.

Let’s explore these six critical thinking skills you should learn and why they’re so important to the critical thinking process.

1. Identifying biases

This critical thinking skill is necessary for metacognition, which is the fifth characteristic of critical thinking. It involves knowing when others have a cognitive bias and when you have one yourself.

Biases can influence how someone understands the facts presented to them. But when you’re aware of those biases, you can question yourself on those biases and consider other points of view.

Identifying biases is especially important for people who make hiring decisions. That’s because biases against groups of minorities can lead to inequalities in the workplace when not identified. 

For example, imagine a hiring manager comparing two resumes. Their gut feeling could guide them to discount one of the resumes due to a bias against the opposite gender. But let’s say this hiring manager realizes they have this bias. They can then question themselves on whether or not this bias is influencing their judgment. 

2. Inference

Inference is the ability to draw conclusions based on the information you have. Without inference, it can be difficult to take action once you’ve analyzed the facts presented to you. Processing information is key to coming up with a reasoned judgment.

For example, let’s go back to the accountant struggling to assign the correct category to a business expense. They can analyze other similar situations and infer the most logical category based on that information.

3. Research

Before you analyze facts and infer a conclusion, you need to find out what those facts are. Researching skills allow you to discover facts and figures to make an argument.

Not all situations will have the required information available to you. Researching skills are necessary to dig into a situation and gather the information you need to think critically.

Some situations don’t require further research. For example, a first responder who arrives on the scene of an automobile accident won’t perform further research. They’ll have to analyze what they see in front of them and decide which injuries are the most urgent to care for. 

On the other hand, someone performing a market analysis will need to research competitors and gather information before coming up with an opinion. 

4. Identification

Identification is different from inference and research. It involves being able to identify a problem but also what’s influencing that problem.

In short, identification is necessary for someone to realize that they need to think critically about something. Without proper identification skills, it will be difficult for someone to know when it’s time to analyze a situation. 

For example, let’s say you’re entering numbers in a spreadsheet. The numbers aren’t coming out as they usually do. Without identification skills, you could easily keep going without realizing there’s an issue. But when you identify what’s going on, you can see that something is broken in the spreadsheet’s formula.

Only once you identify the fact that the formula is broken can you start analyzing what’s going on to solve the issue.

5. Curiosity

Don’t be afraid to question everything and explore what you’re curious about. That’s because intellectual curiosity is a valuable skill, especially when it comes to critical thinking.

One way to practice curiosity is to adopt a beginner’s mindset . When you come into every situation with the mindset of a beginner, you’re able to keep an open mind. You’ll be able to perceive things you may not have noticed when keeping your mind closed.

6. Judging relevance

Not all information is equally pertinent. In order to make a critical judgment, it’s important to be able to judge the relevance of the information you have.

Take, for instance, basic online researching skills. You have access to a plethora of information on virtually every topic imaginable. But performing online research requires you to constantly judge the relevance of what you see. 

Without judging relevance, you’d spend too much time on details that don’t matter as much for the final desired outcome. But when you’re able to discern what’s most pertinent, you can give that information more weight as you’re thinking critically.

So what would critical thinking skills look like in a real-life situation?

Let’s imagine you’re working in software quality assurance (QA) as a team lead. But every time your team needs to enter bug regression, everyone gets bottlenecked because you must manually populate the spreadsheet used for the regression. While you do this task, your team cannot be productive without you.

This process happens once a week and easily wastes half an hour for each team member.

First, you must identify what’s going on. The team gets bottlenecked because only you, as the team lead, can access the information required to fill in the regression spreadsheet.

Next, you can research information. You can inquire to higher-ups about the reason why only you have access to this information. You can also speak to other teams about what potential solutions they’ve come up with to solve this problem.

Once you’ve done your research, it’s time to analyze the information and judge relevance. Some teams have solutions that don’t apply to you, so that information isn’t relevant anymore. 

Figure out if there are any personal biases before you analyze your information. 

For example, it’s possible that you don’t get along with one of the other team leads. As a result, you could discount the information they’ve given you. But by identifying this bias, you can look past your personal opinion of this person and see how valuable their solution is.

Based on what you’ve analyzed, it’s time to brainstorm and come up with a solution. You realize that creating a simple, automated script will save your team’s time. And it will do so without consuming too many resources from the engineering department.

Next, present your solution to your manager. Explain how you came to this conclusion. 

Now, let’s say your spreadsheet automation solution is approved. It’s important to go back and analyze what happens after implementing the solution. But only do this once the spreadsheet has been in place for long enough to gather plenty of information. 

Here’s an example. You could realize that the solution did solve the bottleneck. But, the script also slows down the spreadsheet and makes it difficult to work with. This would require you to go back to the drawing board and start the process all over again.

Want to start improving your own critical thinking skill sets? Here’s how you can improve critical thinking skills using 13 techniques:

• Play games that require critical thinking skills
• Ask more questions, even basic ones
• Question your assumptions
• Develop your technical skills so that you can identify problems more easily
• Find ways to solve more problems (at work and at home)
• Become aware of your mental processes, like the availability heuristic
• Think for yourself: don’t adopt other people’s opinions without questioning them first
• Seek out diversity of thought
• Start developing foresight
• Try active listening
• Weigh the consequences of different actions before you act
• Seek a mentor who can help you develop these skills
• Get professional coaching

How to improve your critical thinking skills 

Critical thinking skills aren’t always easy to develop. But it’s much easier to start thinking critically when you have someone to work with. Try a custom BetterUp demo to see how a coach can help you develop your critical thinking skills today.

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Maggie Wooll, MBA

Maggie Wooll is a researcher, author, and speaker focused on the evolving future of work. Formerly the lead researcher at the Deloitte Center for the Edge, she holds a Bachelor of Science in Education from Princeton University and an MBA from the University of Virginia Darden School of Business. Maggie is passionate about creating better work and greater opportunities for all.

How to develop critical thinking skills

How intrapersonal skills shape teams, plus 5 ways to build them, the most critical skills for leaders are fundamentally human, what’s convergent thinking how to be a better problem-solver, the new skill set needed to succeed in the hybrid workplace, 12 verbal communication skills for everyday life, what business acumen is and 9 ways to develop it, what are metacognitive skills examples in everyday life, entrepreneurial mindset: what is it & how to think like an entrepreneur, what is lateral thinking 7 techniques to encourage creative ideas, 9 cognitive skill examples and how to improve them, 8 brainstorming techniques to harness the power of teamwork, how to pitch ideas: 8 tips to captivate any audience, what are analytical skills examples and how to level up, how divergent thinking can drive your creativity, how the minto pyramid principle can enhance your communication skills, stay connected with betterup, get our newsletter, event invites, plus product insights and research..

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