Grading 50 essays takes only 25 seconds.
Text | Stance_iPad | Scores | Scores_GPT | |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | Some people allow Ipads because some people ne… | AMB | 1 | 2.0 |
1 | I have a tablet. But it is a lot of money. But… | AMB | 1 | 2.0 |
2 | Do you think we should get rid of the Ipad wh… | AMB | 1 | 2.0 |
3 | I said yes because the teacher will not be tal… | AMB | 2 | 2.0 |
4 | Well I would like the idea . But then for it … | AMB | 4 | 4.0 |
For these data, we happend to have scores given by human raters as well, allowing us how similar the human scores are to the scores generated by ChatGPT.
Using the code provided in the accompanying script, we get the following:
A contigency table (confusion matrix) of the scores is:
Scores_GPT | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scores | |||||
0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
3 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
4 | 0 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
The averages and standard deviations of human grading and GPT grading scores are 2.54 ( SD = 1.68) and 2.34 ( SD = 0.74), respectively. The correlation between them is 0.62, indicating a fairly strong positive linear relationship. Additionally, the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) is 1.36, providing a measure of the GPT’s prediction accuracy compared to the actual human grading scores.
ChatGPT can be utilized not only for scoring essays but also for classifying essays based on some categorical variable such as writers’ opinions regarding iPad usage in schools. Here are the steps to guide you through the process, assuming you already have access to the ChatGPT API and have loaded your text dataset:
Classifying 50 essays takes only 27 seconds.
We create a new column re_Stance_iPad based on the mapping of values from the existing Stance_iPad column. Except for AFF and NEG opinions, opinions on AMB, BAL, and NAR are unclear. Therefore, AMB, BAL, and NAR are combined as OTHER.
Text | Stance_iPad | Scores | Scores_GPT | re_Stance_iPad | Stance_iPad_GPT | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | Some people allow Ipads because some people ne… | AMB | 1 | 2.0 | OTHER | OTHER |
1 | I have a tablet. But it is a lot of money. But… | AMB | 1 | 2.0 | OTHER | OTHER |
2 | Do you think we should get rid of the Ipad wh… | AMB | 1 | 2.0 | OTHER | OTHER |
3 | I said yes because the teacher will not be tal… | AMB | 2 | 2.0 | OTHER | OTHER |
4 | Well I would like the idea . But then for it … | AMB | 4 | 4.0 | OTHER | OTHER |
Stance_iPad_GPT | AFF | NEG | OTHER |
---|---|---|---|
re_Stance_iPad | |||
AFF | 7 | 0 | 3 |
NEG | 0 | 9 | 1 |
OTHER | 3 | 1 | 26 |
ChatGPT achieves an accuracy of approximately 84%, demonstrating its correctness in classification. An F1 score of 0.84, reflecting the harmonic mean of precision and recall, signifies a well-balanced performance in terms of both precision and recall. Additionally, the Cohen’s Kappa value of 0.71, which measures the agreement between predicted and actual classifications while accounting for chance, indicates substantial agreement beyond what would be expected by chance alone.
How long does it take to assess all essays.
Grading and classifying 50 essays each took 25 and 27 seconds , resulting in a rate of about 2 essays per second.
In this blog, we utilized GPT-3.5-turbo-0125. According to OpenAI’s pricing page , the cost for input processing is $0.0005 per 1,000 tokens, and for output, it is $0.0015 per 1,000 tokens, indicating that the ChatGPT API charges for both tokens sent out and tokens received.
The total expenditure for grading all essays —50 assessing essay quality and 50 for essay classification—was approximately $0.01 .
Tokens can be viewed as fragments of words. When the API receives prompts, it breaks down the input into tokens. These divisions do not always align with the beginning or end of words; tokens may include spaces and even parts of words. To grasp the concept of tokens and their length equivalencies better, here are some helpful rules of thumb:
To get additional context on how tokens are counted, consider this:
The prompt at the beginning of this blog, requesting that OpenAI grade an essay, contains 129 tokens, and the output contains 12 tokens.
The input cost is $0.0000645, and the output cost is $0.000018.
ChatGPT provides an alternative approach to essay grading. This post has delved into the practical application of ChatGPT’s natural language processing capabilities, demonstrating how it can be used for efficient and accurate essay grading, with a comparison to human grading. The flexibility of ChatGPT is particularly evident when handling large volumes of essays, making it a viable alternative tool for educators and researchers. By employing the ChatGPT API key service, the grading process becomes not only streamlined but also adaptable to varying scales, from individual essays to hundreds or even thousands.
This technology has the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of the grading process. By automating the assessment of written work, teachers and researchers can devote more time to other critical aspects of education. However, it’s important to acknowledge the limitations of current LLMs in this context. While they can assist in grading, relying solely on LLMs for final grades could be problematic, especially if LLMs are biased or inaccurate. Such scenarios could lead to unfair outcomes for individual students, highlighting the need for human oversight in the grading process. For large scale research, where we look at always across many essays, this is less of a concern (see e.g., Mozer et al., 2023)
The guide in this blog has provided a step-by-step walkthrough of setting up and accessing the ChatGPT API essay grading.
We also explored the reliability of ChatGPT’s grading, as compared to human grading. The moderate positive correlation of 0.62 attests to same consistency between human grading and ChatGPT’s evaluations. The classification results reveal that the model achieves an accuracy of approximately 84%, and the Cohen’s Kappa value of 0.71 indicates substantial agreement beyond what would be expected by chance alone. See the related study (Kim et al., 2024) for more on this.
In essence, this comprehensive guide underscores the transformative potential of ChatGPT in essay grading, presenting it as a valuable approach in the ever-evolving educational fields. This post gives an overview; we next dig in a bit more, thinking about prompt engineering + providing examples to improve accuracy.
The api experience: a blend of ease and challenge.
Starting your journey with the ChatGPT API will be surprisingly smooth, especially if you have some Python experience. Copying and pasting code from this blog, followed by acquiring your own ChatGPT API and tweaking prompts and datasets, might seem like a breeze. However, this simplicity masks the underlying complexity. Bumps along the road are inevitable, reminding us that “mostly” easy does not mean entirely challenge-free.
The biggest hurdle you will likely face is mastering the art of crafting effective prompts. While ChatGPT’s responses are impressive, they can also be unpredictably variable. Conducting multiple pilot runs with 5-10 essays is crucial. Experimenting with diverse prompts on the same essays can act as a stepping stone, refining your approach and building confidence for wider application.
When things click, the benefits are undeniable. Automating the grading process with ChatGPT can save considerable time. Human graders, myself included, can struggle with maintaining consistent standards across a mountain of essays. ChatGPT, on the other hand, might be more stable when grading large batches in a row.
It is crucial to acknowledge that this method is not a magic bullet. Continuous scoring is not quite there yet, and limitations still exist. But the good news is that LLMs like ChatGPT are constantly improving, and new options are emerging.
The exploration of the ChatGPT API can be a blend of innovation, learning, and the occasional frustration. While AI grading systems like ChatGPT are not perfect, their ability to save time and provide consistent grading scheme makes them an intriguing addition to the educational toolkit. As we explore and refine these tools, the horizon for their application in educational settings seems ever-expanding, offering a glimpse into a future where AI and human educators work together to enhance the learning experience. Who knows, maybe AI will become a valuable partner in the grading process in the future!
Have you experimented with using ChatGPT for grading? Share your experiences and questions in the comments below! We can all learn from each other as we explore the potential of AI in education.
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Using AI tools
Published on June 26, 2023 by Koen Driessen . Revised on December 8, 2023.
A good college essay helps to distinguish your application from those of other candidates. It conveys your experiences, values, and character traits and indicates why you would make a good addition to the university you’re applying to.
Your college essay should be your own work. However, AI tools like ChatGPT may be helpful during the preparation and revision stages of your writing.
You can also use the essay checker , so you don’t have to revise your writing yourself.
You can use these tools to:
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Brainstorming ideas, developing an outline, generating feedback, limitations of using chatgpt, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions.
Your college essay topic should reveal something distinctive about your personality and have a unique angle.
Brainstorming a range of potential ideas is a good place to start. This can help to stimulate creative thinking and prompt self-reflection. It can also help you draw connections between seemingly unrelated experiences or ideas.
You can use ChatGPT to generate questions to help you brainstorm.
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College admission essays don’t follow one predefined structure, so you can approach them creatively and incorporate storytelling techniques.
Two common approaches to structuring your essay are the narrative structure (a chronological narrative that shows your character development over time) and the vignette or montage structure (multiple scenes connected by a common topic or theme).
Regardless of the structure you choose, it’s important to establish a coherent narrative and ensure that your essay flows smoothly.
You can use ChatGPT as a source of inspiration and to generate potential ideas on how to structure your college essay . Do this by prompting the tool to create an outline using your chosen topic. You can make the prompt as specific as you like, mentioning any facts or viewpoints that should be incorporated into the output.
You can use ChatGPT to help revise your essay before submitting it to ensure that it’s of a high quality. However, ChatGPT cannot provide the same kind of informed feedback as a human, and it’s not able to adequately judge qualities such as vulnerability and authenticity. For this reason, it’s important to also ask for feedback from two to three people who have experience with college essays and who know you well.
Nevertheless, you can use ChatGPT to generate feedback on certain aspects, such as consistency of tone, clarity of structure, and grammar and punctuation. You can also use Scribbr’s free paraphrasing tool to help vary the tone of your writing and Scribbr’s free grammar checker to ensure your text is free of grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
Alternatively, you can seek the advice of a human essay coach or editor. We recommend using Scribbr’s essay editing service .
Additionally, here are a few constructive suggestions for improvement:
While ChatGPT can help you brainstorm, outline, and revise your essay, having it write your essay for you can negatively impact your application in several ways.
ChatGPT responses are based on a wide range of sources and sometimes resemble existing texts. Furthermore, they are not always unique, since other users may receive the same responses to similar prompts.
As the point of a college essay is to showcase your unique experiences and perspective and make you stand out from other candidates, having ChatGPT write your essay is not a good idea.
ChatGPT outputs don’t reflect your personality, are highly formulaic, and contain many clichés (e.g., outputs often use hackneyed phrases like “burning desire,” “insatiable curiosity,” and “thirst for knowledge”).
Furthermore, ChatGPT outputs often “tell” rather than “show” (i.e., they state a fact instead of illustrating it using examples and vivid imagery).
Human-written text tends to be more unpredictable and contain more creative language choices than AI-generated writing.
While the connections you make in your writing should not be nonsensical, drawing unique and unexpected connections between different experiences can help show character development and display your creativity and critical thinking skills.
ChatGPT can’t do this. Furthermore, it can’t express authentic emotion or vulnerability about specific memories that are, after all, your memories, not ChatGPT’s.
Passing off AI-generated text as your own work is usually considered plagiarism (or at least academic dishonesty ). AI detectors may be used to detect this offense.
It’s highly unlikely that a university will accept your application if you are caught submitting an AI-generated college essay.
If you want more tips on using AI tools , understanding plagiarism , and citing sources , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations, examples, and formats.
Citing sources
No, having ChatGPT write your college essay can negatively impact your application in numerous ways. ChatGPT outputs are unoriginal and lack personal insight.
Furthermore, Passing off AI-generated text as your own work is considered academically dishonest . AI detectors may be used to detect this offense, and it’s highly unlikely that any university will accept you if you are caught submitting an AI-generated admission essay.
However, you can use ChatGPT to help write your college essay during the preparation and revision stages (e.g., for brainstorming ideas and generating feedback).
Yes, you use ChatGPT to help write your college essay by having it generate feedback on certain aspects of your work (consistency of tone, clarity of structure, etc.).
However, ChatGPT is not able to adequately judge qualities like vulnerability and authenticity. For this reason, it’s important to also ask for feedback from people who have experience with college essays and who know you well. Alternatively, you can get advice using Scribbr’s essay editing service .
If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.
Driessen, K. (2023, December 08). Using ChatGPT to Write a College Essay | Tips & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved September 9, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/ai-tools/chatgpt-college-essay/
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Using AI tools
Published on 26 June 2023 by Koen Driessen .
Passing off AI-generated text as your own work is widely considered plagiarism. However, when used correctly, generative AI tools like ChatGPT can legitimately help guide your writing process.
These tools are especially helpful in the preparation and revision stages of your essay writing.
You can use ChatGPT to:
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Writing a research question, developing an outline, finding source recommendations, summarising/paraphrasing text, getting feedback, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions.
You can use ChatGPT to brainstorm potential research questions or to narrow down your thesis statement . Begin by inputting a description of the research topic or assigned question. Then include a prompt like “Write 3 possible research questions on this topic”.
You can make the prompt as specific as you like. For example, you can include the writing level (e.g., high school essay, college essay), perspective (e.g., first person) and the type of essay you intend to write (e.g., argumentative , descriptive , expository , or narrative ).
You can also mention any facts or viewpoints you’ve gathered that should be incorporated into the output.
If the output doesn’t suit your topic, you can click “Regenerate response” to have the tool generate a new response. You can do this as many times as you like, and you can try making your prompt more specific if you struggle to get the results you want.
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Once you’ve decided on a research question, you can use ChatGPT to develop an essay outline . This can help keep you on track by giving you a clear idea of what topics you want to discuss and in what order.
Do this by prompting ChatGPT to create an outline for a specific research question, mentioning any topics or points you want to discuss. You can also mention the writing level and the intended length of your essay so that the tool generates an appropriate outline.
You can then refine this by further prompting ChatGPT or editing the outline manually until it meets your requirements.
Once you know the scope of your essay, you can find relevant primary and secondary sources to support your argument.
However, we don’t recommend prompting ChatGPT to generate a list of sources as it occasionally makes mistakes (like listing nonexistent sources). Instead, it’s a good idea to use ChatGPT to get suggestions for the types of sources relevant to your essay and track them down using a credible research database or your institution’s library.
When you have found relevant sources, use a specialised tool like the Scribbr Citation Generator to cite them in your essay.
During your writing process, you can use ChatGPT as a summarising tool to condense text to its essential ideas or as a paraphraser to rephrase text in clear, accessible language. Using ChatGPT in these ways can help you to understand complex material, express your own ideas more clearly, and avoid repetition.
Simply input the relevant text and prompt the tool to summarise or paraphrase it. Alternatively, you can use Scribbr’s free text summariser and Scribbr’s free paraphrasing tool , which are specifically designed for these purposes.
Once you’ve written your essay, you can prompt ChatGPT to provide feedback and recommend improvements.
You can indicate how the tool should provide feedback (e.g., “Act like a university professor examining papers”) and include the specific points you want to receive feedback on (e.g., consistency of tone, clarity of argument, appropriateness of evidence).
While this is not an adequate substitute for an experienced academic supervisor, it can help you with quick preliminary feedback.
You can also use ChatGPT to check grammar mistakes. However, ChatGPT sometimes misses errors and on rare occasions may even introduce new grammatical mistakes. We suggest using a tool like Scribbr’s free grammar checker , which is designed specifically for this purpose. Or, for more in-depth feedback, try Scribbr’s proofreading and editing service .
Overall, the text demonstrates a consistent tone, a clear argument, appropriate evidence, and a coherent structure. Clarifying the argument by explicitly connecting the factors to their impact, incorporating stronger evidence, and adding transitional phrases for better coherence would further enhance the text’s effectiveness. Note Passing off AI-generated text as your own work is generally considered plagiarism (or at least academic dishonesty ) and may result in an automatic fail and other negative consequences . AI detectors may be used to detect this offence.
If you want more tips on using AI tools , understanding plagiarism , and citing sources , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations, examples, and formats.
Citing sources
Yes, you can use ChatGPT to summarise text . This can help you understand complex information more easily, summarise the central argument of your own paper, or clarify your research question.
You can also use Scribbr’s free text summariser , which is designed specifically for this purpose.
Yes, you can use ChatGPT to paraphrase text to help you express your ideas more clearly, explore different ways of phrasing your arguments, and avoid repetition.
However, it’s not specifically designed for this purpose. We recommend using a specialised tool like Scribbr’s free paraphrasing tool , which will provide a smoother user experience.
Using AI writing tools (like ChatGPT ) to write your essay is usually considered plagiarism and may result in penalisation, unless it is allowed by your university. Text generated by AI tools is based on existing texts and therefore cannot provide unique insights. Furthermore, these outputs sometimes contain factual inaccuracies or grammar mistakes.
However, AI writing tools can be used effectively as a source of feedback and inspiration for your writing (e.g., to generate research questions ). Other AI tools, like grammar checkers, can help identify and eliminate grammar and punctuation mistakes to enhance your writing.
If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the ‘Cite this Scribbr article’ button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator.
Driessen, K. (2023, June 26). How to Write an Essay with ChatGPT | Tips & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved 9 September 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/using-ai-tools/chatgpt-essays/
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ChatGPT, OpenAI’s text-generating AI chatbot, has taken the world by storm since its launch in November 2022. What started as a tool to hyper-charge productivity through writing essays and code with short text prompts has evolved into a behemoth used by more than 92% of Fortune 500 companies .
That growth has propelled OpenAI itself into becoming one of the most-hyped companies in recent memory. And its latest partnership with Apple for its upcoming generative AI offering, Apple Intelligence, has given the company another significant bump in the AI race.
2024 also saw the release of GPT-4o, OpenAI’s new flagship omni model for ChatGPT. GPT-4o is now the default free model, complete with voice and vision capabilities. But after demoing GPT-4o, OpenAI paused one of its voices , Sky, after allegations that it was mimicking Scarlett Johansson’s voice in “Her.”
OpenAI is facing internal drama, including the sizable exit of co-founder and longtime chief scientist Ilya Sutskever as the company dissolved its Superalignment team. OpenAI is also facing a lawsuit from Alden Global Capital-owned newspapers , including the New York Daily News and the Chicago Tribune, for alleged copyright infringement, following a similar suit filed by The New York Times last year.
Here’s a timeline of ChatGPT product updates and releases, starting with the latest, which we’ve been updating throughout the year. And if you have any other questions, check out our ChatGPT FAQ here.
September 2024, august 2024, february 2024, january 2024.
OpenAI announced it has surpassed 1 million paid users for its versions of ChatGPT intended for businesses, including ChatGPT Team, ChatGPT Enterprise and its educational offering, ChatGPT Edu. The company said that nearly half of OpenAI’s corporate users are based in the US.
Volkswagen is taking its ChatGPT voice assistant experiment to vehicles in the United States. Its ChatGPT-integrated Plus Speech voice assistant is an AI chatbot based on Cerence’s Chat Pro product and a LLM from OpenAI and will begin rolling out on September 6 with the 2025 Jetta and Jetta GLI models.
As part of the new deal, OpenAI will surface stories from Condé Nast properties like The New Yorker, Vogue, Vanity Fair, Bon Appétit and Wired in ChatGPT and SearchGPT. Condé Nast CEO Roger Lynch implied that the “multi-year” deal will involve payment from OpenAI in some form and a Condé Nast spokesperson told TechCrunch that OpenAI will have permission to train on Condé Nast content.
We’re partnering with Condé Nast to deepen the integration of quality journalism into ChatGPT and our SearchGPT prototype. https://t.co/tiXqSOTNAl — OpenAI (@OpenAI) August 20, 2024
TechCrunch’s Maxwell Zeff has been playing around with OpenAI’s Advanced Voice Mode, in what he describes as “the most convincing taste I’ve had of an AI-powered future yet.” Compared to Siri or Alexa, Advanced Voice Mode stands out with faster response times, unique answers and the ability to answer complex questions. But the feature falls short as an effective replacement for virtual assistants.
OpenAI has banned a cluster of ChatGPT accounts linked to an Iranian influence operation that was generating content about the U.S. presidential election. OpenAI identified five website fronts presenting as both progressive and conservative news outlets that used ChatGPT to draft several long-form articles, though it doesn’t seem that it reached much of an audience.
OpenAI has found that GPT-4o, which powers the recently launched alpha of Advanced Voice Mode in ChatGPT, can behave in strange ways. In a new “red teaming” report, OpenAI reveals some of GPT-4o’s weirder quirks, like mimicking the voice of the person speaking to it or randomly shouting in the middle of a conversation.
After a big jump following the release of OpenAI’s new GPT-4o “omni” model, the mobile version of ChatGPT has now seen its biggest month of revenue yet. The app pulled in $28 million in net revenue from the App Store and Google Play in July, according to data provided by app intelligence firm Appfigures.
OpenAI has built a watermarking tool that could potentially catch students who cheat by using ChatGPT — but The Wall Street Journal reports that the company is debating whether to actually release it. An OpenAI spokesperson confirmed to TechCrunch that the company is researching tools that can detect writing from ChatGPT, but said it’s taking a “deliberate approach” to releasing it.
OpenAI is giving users their first access to GPT-4o’s updated realistic audio responses. The alpha version is now available to a small group of ChatGPT Plus users, and the company says the feature will gradually roll out to all Plus users in the fall of 2024. The release follows controversy surrounding the voice’s similarity to Scarlett Johansson, leading OpenAI to delay its release.
We’re starting to roll out advanced Voice Mode to a small group of ChatGPT Plus users. Advanced Voice Mode offers more natural, real-time conversations, allows you to interrupt anytime, and senses and responds to your emotions. pic.twitter.com/64O94EhhXK — OpenAI (@OpenAI) July 30, 2024
OpenAI is testing SearchGPT, a new AI search experience to compete with Google. SearchGPT aims to elevate search queries with “timely answers” from across the internet, as well as the ability to ask follow-up questions. The temporary prototype is currently only available to a small group of users and its publisher partners, like The Atlantic, for testing and feedback.
We’re testing SearchGPT, a temporary prototype of new AI search features that give you fast and timely answers with clear and relevant sources. We’re launching with a small group of users for feedback and plan to integrate the experience into ChatGPT. https://t.co/dRRnxXVlGh pic.twitter.com/iQpADXmllH — OpenAI (@OpenAI) July 25, 2024
A new report from The Information , based on undisclosed financial information, claims OpenAI could lose up to $5 billion due to how costly the business is to operate. The report also says the company could spend as much as $7 billion in 2024 to train and operate ChatGPT.
OpenAI released its latest small AI model, GPT-4o mini . The company says GPT-4o mini, which is cheaper and faster than OpenAI’s current AI models, outperforms industry leading small AI models on reasoning tasks involving text and vision. GPT-4o mini will replace GPT-3.5 Turbo as the smallest model OpenAI offers.
OpenAI announced a partnership with the Los Alamos National Laboratory to study how AI can be employed by scientists in order to advance research in healthcare and bioscience. This follows other health-related research collaborations at OpenAI, including Moderna and Color Health.
OpenAI and Los Alamos National Laboratory announce partnership to study AI for bioscience research https://t.co/WV4XMZsHBA — OpenAI (@OpenAI) July 10, 2024
OpenAI announced it has trained a model off of GPT-4, dubbed CriticGPT , which aims to find errors in ChatGPT’s code output so they can make improvements and better help so-called human “AI trainers” rate the quality and accuracy of ChatGPT responses.
We’ve trained a model, CriticGPT, to catch bugs in GPT-4’s code. We’re starting to integrate such models into our RLHF alignment pipeline to help humans supervise AI on difficult tasks: https://t.co/5oQYfrpVBu — OpenAI (@OpenAI) June 27, 2024
OpenAI and TIME announced a multi-year strategic partnership that brings the magazine’s content, both modern and archival, to ChatGPT. As part of the deal, TIME will also gain access to OpenAI’s technology in order to develop new audience-based products.
We’re partnering with TIME and its 101 years of archival content to enhance responses and provide links to stories on https://t.co/LgvmZUae9M : https://t.co/xHAYkYLxA9 — OpenAI (@OpenAI) June 27, 2024
OpenAI planned to start rolling out its advanced Voice Mode feature to a small group of ChatGPT Plus users in late June, but it says lingering issues forced it to postpone the launch to July. OpenAI says Advanced Voice Mode might not launch for all ChatGPT Plus customers until the fall, depending on whether it meets certain internal safety and reliability checks.
ChatGPT for macOS is now available for all users . With the app, users can quickly call up ChatGPT by using the keyboard combination of Option + Space. The app allows users to upload files and other photos, as well as speak to ChatGPT from their desktop and search through their past conversations.
The ChatGPT desktop app for macOS is now available for all users. Get faster access to ChatGPT to chat about email, screenshots, and anything on your screen with the Option + Space shortcut: https://t.co/2rEx3PmMqg pic.twitter.com/x9sT8AnjDm — OpenAI (@OpenAI) June 25, 2024
Apple announced at WWDC 2024 that it is bringing ChatGPT to Siri and other first-party apps and capabilities across its operating systems. The ChatGPT integrations, powered by GPT-4o, will arrive on iOS 18, iPadOS 18 and macOS Sequoia later this year, and will be free without the need to create a ChatGPT or OpenAI account. Features exclusive to paying ChatGPT users will also be available through Apple devices .
Apple is bringing ChatGPT to Siri and other first-party apps and capabilities across its operating systems #WWDC24 Read more: https://t.co/0NJipSNJoS pic.twitter.com/EjQdPBuyy4 — TechCrunch (@TechCrunch) June 10, 2024
Scarlett Johansson has been invited to testify about the controversy surrounding OpenAI’s Sky voice at a hearing for the House Oversight Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Information Technology, and Government Innovation. In a letter, Rep. Nancy Mace said Johansson’s testimony could “provide a platform” for concerns around deepfakes.
ChatGPT was down twice in one day: one multi-hour outage in the early hours of the morning Tuesday and another outage later in the day that is still ongoing. Anthropic’s Claude and Perplexity also experienced some issues.
You're not alone, ChatGPT is down once again. pic.twitter.com/Ydk2vNOOK6 — TechCrunch (@TechCrunch) June 4, 2024
The Atlantic and Vox Media have announced licensing and product partnerships with OpenAI . Both agreements allow OpenAI to use the publishers’ current content to generate responses in ChatGPT, which will feature citations to relevant articles. Vox Media says it will use OpenAI’s technology to build “audience-facing and internal applications,” while The Atlantic will build a new experimental product called Atlantic Labs .
I am delighted that @theatlantic now has a strategic content & product partnership with @openai . Our stories will be discoverable in their new products and we'll be working with them to figure out new ways that AI can help serious, independent media : https://t.co/nfSVXW9KpB — nxthompson (@nxthompson) May 29, 2024
OpenAI announced a new deal with management consulting giant PwC . The company will become OpenAI’s biggest customer to date, covering 100,000 users, and will become OpenAI’s first partner for selling its enterprise offerings to other businesses.
OpenAI announced in a blog post that it has recently begun training its next flagship model to succeed GPT-4. The news came in an announcement of its new safety and security committee, which is responsible for informing safety and security decisions across OpenAI’s products.
On the The TED AI Show podcast, former OpenAI board member Helen Toner revealed that the board did not know about ChatGPT until its launch in November 2022. Toner also said that Sam Altman gave the board inaccurate information about the safety processes the company had in place and that he didn’t disclose his involvement in the OpenAI Startup Fund.
Sharing this, recorded a few weeks ago. Most of the episode is about AI policy more broadly, but this was my first longform interview since the OpenAI investigation closed, so we also talked a bit about November. Thanks to @bilawalsidhu for a fun conversation! https://t.co/h0PtK06T0K — Helen Toner (@hlntnr) May 28, 2024
The launch of GPT-4o has driven the company’s biggest-ever spike in revenue on mobile , despite the model being freely available on the web. Mobile users are being pushed to upgrade to its $19.99 monthly subscription, ChatGPT Plus, if they want to experiment with OpenAI’s most recent launch.
After demoing its new GPT-4o model last week, OpenAI announced it is pausing one of its voices , Sky, after users found that it sounded similar to Scarlett Johansson in “Her.”
OpenAI explained in a blog post that Sky’s voice is “not an imitation” of the actress and that AI voices should not intentionally mimic the voice of a celebrity. The blog post went on to explain how the company chose its voices: Breeze, Cove, Ember, Juniper and Sky.
We’ve heard questions about how we chose the voices in ChatGPT, especially Sky. We are working to pause the use of Sky while we address them. Read more about how we chose these voices: https://t.co/R8wwZjU36L — OpenAI (@OpenAI) May 20, 2024
OpenAI announced new updates for easier data analysis within ChatGPT . Users can now upload files directly from Google Drive and Microsoft OneDrive, interact with tables and charts, and export customized charts for presentations. The company says these improvements will be added to GPT-4o in the coming weeks.
We're rolling out interactive tables and charts along with the ability to add files directly from Google Drive and Microsoft OneDrive into ChatGPT. Available to ChatGPT Plus, Team, and Enterprise users over the coming weeks. https://t.co/Fu2bgMChXt pic.twitter.com/M9AHLx5BKr — OpenAI (@OpenAI) May 16, 2024
OpenAI announced a partnership with Reddit that will give the company access to “real-time, structured and unique content” from the social network. Content from Reddit will be incorporated into ChatGPT, and the companies will work together to bring new AI-powered features to Reddit users and moderators.
We’re partnering with Reddit to bring its content to ChatGPT and new products: https://t.co/xHgBZ8ptOE — OpenAI (@OpenAI) May 16, 2024
OpenAI’s spring update event saw the reveal of its new omni model, GPT-4o, which has a black hole-like interface , as well as voice and vision capabilities that feel eerily like something out of “Her.” GPT-4o is set to roll out “iteratively” across its developer and consumer-facing products over the next few weeks.
OpenAI demos real-time language translation with its latest GPT-4o model. pic.twitter.com/pXtHQ9mKGc — TechCrunch (@TechCrunch) May 13, 2024
The company announced it’s building a tool, Media Manager, that will allow creators to better control how their content is being used to train generative AI models — and give them an option to opt out. The goal is to have the new tool in place and ready to use by 2025.
In a new peek behind the curtain of its AI’s secret instructions , OpenAI also released a new NSFW policy . Though it’s intended to start a conversation about how it might allow explicit images and text in its AI products, it raises questions about whether OpenAI — or any generative AI vendor — can be trusted to handle sensitive content ethically.
In a new partnership, OpenAI will get access to developer platform Stack Overflow’s API and will get feedback from developers to improve the performance of their AI models. In return, OpenAI will include attributions to Stack Overflow in ChatGPT. However, the deal was not favorable to some Stack Overflow users — leading to some sabotaging their answer in protest .
Alden Global Capital-owned newspapers, including the New York Daily News, the Chicago Tribune, and the Denver Post, are suing OpenAI and Microsoft for copyright infringement. The lawsuit alleges that the companies stole millions of copyrighted articles “without permission and without payment” to bolster ChatGPT and Copilot.
OpenAI has partnered with another news publisher in Europe, London’s Financial Times , that the company will be paying for content access. “Through the partnership, ChatGPT users will be able to see select attributed summaries, quotes and rich links to FT journalism in response to relevant queries,” the FT wrote in a press release.
OpenAI is opening a new office in Tokyo and has plans for a GPT-4 model optimized specifically for the Japanese language. The move underscores how OpenAI will likely need to localize its technology to different languages as it expands.
According to Reuters, OpenAI’s Sam Altman hosted hundreds of executives from Fortune 500 companies across several cities in April, pitching versions of its AI services intended for corporate use.
Premium ChatGPT users — customers paying for ChatGPT Plus, Team or Enterprise — can now use an updated and enhanced version of GPT-4 Turbo . The new model brings with it improvements in writing, math, logical reasoning and coding, OpenAI claims, as well as a more up-to-date knowledge base.
Our new GPT-4 Turbo is now available to paid ChatGPT users. We’ve improved capabilities in writing, math, logical reasoning, and coding. Source: https://t.co/fjoXDCOnPr pic.twitter.com/I4fg4aDq1T — OpenAI (@OpenAI) April 12, 2024
You can now use ChatGPT without signing up for an account , but it won’t be quite the same experience. You won’t be able to save or share chats, use custom instructions, or other features associated with a persistent account. This version of ChatGPT will have “slightly more restrictive content policies,” according to OpenAI. When TechCrunch asked for more details, however, the response was unclear:
“The signed out experience will benefit from the existing safety mitigations that are already built into the model, such as refusing to generate harmful content. In addition to these existing mitigations, we are also implementing additional safeguards specifically designed to address other forms of content that may be inappropriate for a signed out experience,” a spokesperson said.
TechCrunch found that the OpenAI’s GPT Store is flooded with bizarre, potentially copyright-infringing GPTs . A cursory search pulls up GPTs that claim to generate art in the style of Disney and Marvel properties, but serve as little more than funnels to third-party paid services and advertise themselves as being able to bypass AI content detection tools.
In a court filing opposing OpenAI’s motion to dismiss The New York Times’ lawsuit alleging copyright infringement, the newspaper asserted that “OpenAI’s attention-grabbing claim that The Times ‘hacked’ its products is as irrelevant as it is false.” The New York Times also claimed that some users of ChatGPT used the tool to bypass its paywalls.
At a SXSW 2024 panel, Peter Deng, OpenAI’s VP of consumer product dodged a question on whether artists whose work was used to train generative AI models should be compensated . While OpenAI lets artists “opt out” of and remove their work from the datasets that the company uses to train its image-generating models, some artists have described the tool as onerous.
ChatGPT’s environmental impact appears to be massive. According to a report from The New Yorker , ChatGPT uses an estimated 17,000 times the amount of electricity than the average U.S. household to respond to roughly 200 million requests each day.
OpenAI released a new Read Aloud feature for the web version of ChatGPT as well as the iOS and Android apps. The feature allows ChatGPT to read its responses to queries in one of five voice options and can speak 37 languages, according to the company. Read aloud is available on both GPT-4 and GPT-3.5 models.
ChatGPT can now read responses to you. On iOS or Android, tap and hold the message and then tap “Read Aloud”. We’ve also started rolling on web – click the "Read Aloud" button below the message. pic.twitter.com/KevIkgAFbG — OpenAI (@OpenAI) March 4, 2024
As part of a new partnership with OpenAI, the Dublin City Council will use GPT-4 to craft personalized itineraries for travelers, including recommendations of unique and cultural destinations, in an effort to support tourism across Europe.
New York-based law firm Cuddy Law was criticized by a judge for using ChatGPT to calculate their hourly billing rate . The firm submitted a $113,500 bill to the court, which was then halved by District Judge Paul Engelmayer, who called the figure “well above” reasonable demands.
ChatGPT users found that ChatGPT was giving nonsensical answers for several hours , prompting OpenAI to investigate the issue. Incidents varied from repetitive phrases to confusing and incorrect answers to queries. The issue was resolved by OpenAI the following morning.
The dating app giant home to Tinder, Match and OkCupid announced an enterprise agreement with OpenAI in an enthusiastic press release written with the help of ChatGPT . The AI tech will be used to help employees with work-related tasks and come as part of Match’s $20 million-plus bet on AI in 2024.
As part of a test, OpenAI began rolling out new “memory” controls for a small portion of ChatGPT free and paid users, with a broader rollout to follow. The controls let you tell ChatGPT explicitly to remember something, see what it remembers or turn off its memory altogether. Note that deleting a chat from chat history won’t erase ChatGPT’s or a custom GPT’s memories — you must delete the memory itself.
We’re testing ChatGPT's ability to remember things you discuss to make future chats more helpful. This feature is being rolled out to a small portion of Free and Plus users, and it's easy to turn on or off. https://t.co/1Tv355oa7V pic.twitter.com/BsFinBSTbs — OpenAI (@OpenAI) February 13, 2024
Initially limited to a small subset of free and subscription users, Temporary Chat lets you have a dialogue with a blank slate. With Temporary Chat, ChatGPT won’t be aware of previous conversations or access memories but will follow custom instructions if they’re enabled.
But, OpenAI says it may keep a copy of Temporary Chat conversations for up to 30 days for “safety reasons.”
Use temporary chat for conversations in which you don’t want to use memory or appear in history. pic.twitter.com/H1U82zoXyC — OpenAI (@OpenAI) February 13, 2024
Paid users of ChatGPT can now bring GPTs into a conversation by typing “@” and selecting a GPT from the list. The chosen GPT will have an understanding of the full conversation, and different GPTs can be “tagged in” for different use cases and needs.
You can now bring GPTs into any conversation in ChatGPT – simply type @ and select the GPT. This allows you to add relevant GPTs with the full context of the conversation. pic.twitter.com/Pjn5uIy9NF — OpenAI (@OpenAI) January 30, 2024
Screenshots provided to Ars Technica found that ChatGPT is potentially leaking unpublished research papers, login credentials and private information from its users. An OpenAI representative told Ars Technica that the company was investigating the report.
OpenAI has been told it’s suspected of violating European Union privacy , following a multi-month investigation of ChatGPT by Italy’s data protection authority. Details of the draft findings haven’t been disclosed, but in a response, OpenAI said: “We want our AI to learn about the world, not about private individuals.”
In an effort to win the trust of parents and policymakers, OpenAI announced it’s partnering with Common Sense Media to collaborate on AI guidelines and education materials for parents, educators and young adults. The organization works to identify and minimize tech harms to young people and previously flagged ChatGPT as lacking in transparency and privacy .
After a letter from the Congressional Black Caucus questioned the lack of diversity in OpenAI’s board, the company responded . The response, signed by CEO Sam Altman and Chairman of the Board Bret Taylor, said building a complete and diverse board was one of the company’s top priorities and that it was working with an executive search firm to assist it in finding talent.
In a blog post , OpenAI announced price drops for GPT-3.5’s API, with input prices dropping to 50% and output by 25%, to $0.0005 per thousand tokens in, and $0.0015 per thousand tokens out. GPT-4 Turbo also got a new preview model for API use, which includes an interesting fix that aims to reduce “laziness” that users have experienced.
Expanding the platform for @OpenAIDevs : new generation of embedding models, updated GPT-4 Turbo, and lower pricing on GPT-3.5 Turbo. https://t.co/7wzCLwB1ax — OpenAI (@OpenAI) January 25, 2024
OpenAI has suspended AI startup Delphi, which developed a bot impersonating Rep. Dean Phillips (D-Minn.) to help bolster his presidential campaign. The ban comes just weeks after OpenAI published a plan to combat election misinformation, which listed “chatbots impersonating candidates” as against its policy.
Beginning in February, Arizona State University will have full access to ChatGPT’s Enterprise tier , which the university plans to use to build a personalized AI tutor, develop AI avatars, bolster their prompt engineering course and more. It marks OpenAI’s first partnership with a higher education institution.
After receiving the prestigious Akutagawa Prize for her novel The Tokyo Tower of Sympathy, author Rie Kudan admitted that around 5% of the book quoted ChatGPT-generated sentences “verbatim.” Interestingly enough, the novel revolves around a futuristic world with a pervasive presence of AI.
In a conversation with Bill Gates on the Unconfuse Me podcast, Sam Altman confirmed an upcoming release of GPT-5 that will be “fully multimodal with speech, image, code, and video support.” Altman said users can expect to see GPT-5 drop sometime in 2024.
OpenAI is forming a Collective Alignment team of researchers and engineers to create a system for collecting and “encoding” public input on its models’ behaviors into OpenAI products and services. This comes as a part of OpenAI’s public program to award grants to fund experiments in setting up a “democratic process” for determining the rules AI systems follow.
In a blog post, OpenAI announced users will not be allowed to build applications for political campaigning and lobbying until the company works out how effective their tools are for “personalized persuasion.”
Users will also be banned from creating chatbots that impersonate candidates or government institutions, and from using OpenAI tools to misrepresent the voting process or otherwise discourage voting.
The company is also testing out a tool that detects DALL-E generated images and will incorporate access to real-time news, with attribution, in ChatGPT.
Snapshot of how we’re preparing for 2024’s worldwide elections: • Working to prevent abuse, including misleading deepfakes • Providing transparency on AI-generated content • Improving access to authoritative voting information https://t.co/qsysYy5l0L — OpenAI (@OpenAI) January 15, 2024
In an unannounced update to its usage policy , OpenAI removed language previously prohibiting the use of its products for the purposes of “military and warfare.” In an additional statement, OpenAI confirmed that the language was changed in order to accommodate military customers and projects that do not violate their ban on efforts to use their tools to “harm people, develop weapons, for communications surveillance, or to injure others or destroy property.”
Aptly called ChatGPT Team , the new plan provides a dedicated workspace for teams of up to 149 people using ChatGPT as well as admin tools for team management. In addition to gaining access to GPT-4, GPT-4 with Vision and DALL-E3, ChatGPT Team lets teams build and share GPTs for their business needs.
After some back and forth over the last few months, OpenAI’s GPT Store is finally here . The feature lives in a new tab in the ChatGPT web client, and includes a range of GPTs developed both by OpenAI’s partners and the wider dev community.
To access the GPT Store, users must be subscribed to one of OpenAI’s premium ChatGPT plans — ChatGPT Plus, ChatGPT Enterprise or the newly launched ChatGPT Team.
the GPT store is live! https://t.co/AKg1mjlvo2 fun speculation last night about which GPTs will be doing the best by the end of today. — Sam Altman (@sama) January 10, 2024
Following a proposed ban on using news publications and books to train AI chatbots in the U.K., OpenAI submitted a plea to the House of Lords communications and digital committee. OpenAI argued that it would be “impossible” to train AI models without using copyrighted materials, and that they believe copyright law “does not forbid training.”
OpenAI published a public response to The New York Times’s lawsuit against them and Microsoft for allegedly violating copyright law, claiming that the case is without merit.
In the response , OpenAI reiterates its view that training AI models using publicly available data from the web is fair use. It also makes the case that regurgitation is less likely to occur with training data from a single source and places the onus on users to “act responsibly.”
We build AI to empower people, including journalists. Our position on the @nytimes lawsuit: • Training is fair use, but we provide an opt-out • "Regurgitation" is a rare bug we're driving to zero • The New York Times is not telling the full story https://t.co/S6fSaDsfKb — OpenAI (@OpenAI) January 8, 2024
After being delayed in December , OpenAI plans to launch its GPT Store sometime in the coming week, according to an email viewed by TechCrunch. OpenAI says developers building GPTs will have to review the company’s updated usage policies and GPT brand guidelines to ensure their GPTs are compliant before they’re eligible for listing in the GPT Store. OpenAI’s update notably didn’t include any information on the expected monetization opportunities for developers listing their apps on the storefront.
GPT Store launching next week – OpenAI pic.twitter.com/I6mkZKtgZG — Manish Singh (@refsrc) January 4, 2024
In an email, OpenAI detailed an incoming update to its terms, including changing the OpenAI entity providing services to EEA and Swiss residents to OpenAI Ireland Limited. The move appears to be intended to shrink its regulatory risk in the European Union, where the company has been under scrutiny over ChatGPT’s impact on people’s privacy.
ChatGPT is a general-purpose chatbot that uses artificial intelligence to generate text after a user enters a prompt, developed by tech startup OpenAI . The chatbot uses GPT-4, a large language model that uses deep learning to produce human-like text.
November 30, 2022 is when ChatGPT was released for public use.
Both the free version of ChatGPT and the paid ChatGPT Plus are regularly updated with new GPT models. The most recent model is GPT-4o .
There is a free version of ChatGPT that only requires a sign-in in addition to the paid version, ChatGPT Plus .
Anyone can use ChatGPT! More and more tech companies and search engines are utilizing the chatbot to automate text or quickly answer user questions/concerns.
Multiple enterprises utilize ChatGPT, although others may limit the use of the AI-powered tool .
Most recently, Microsoft announced at it’s 2023 Build conference that it is integrating it ChatGPT-based Bing experience into Windows 11. A Brooklyn-based 3D display startup Looking Glass utilizes ChatGPT to produce holograms you can communicate with by using ChatGPT. And nonprofit organization Solana officially integrated the chatbot into its network with a ChatGPT plug-in geared toward end users to help onboard into the web3 space.
GPT stands for Generative Pre-Trained Transformer.
A chatbot can be any software/system that holds dialogue with you/a person but doesn’t necessarily have to be AI-powered. For example, there are chatbots that are rules-based in the sense that they’ll give canned responses to questions.
ChatGPT is AI-powered and utilizes LLM technology to generate text after a prompt.
Can chatgpt commit libel.
Due to the nature of how these models work , they don’t know or care whether something is true, only that it looks true. That’s a problem when you’re using it to do your homework, sure, but when it accuses you of a crime you didn’t commit, that may well at this point be libel.
We will see how handling troubling statements produced by ChatGPT will play out over the next few months as tech and legal experts attempt to tackle the fastest moving target in the industry.
Yes, there is a free ChatGPT mobile app for iOS and Android users.
It’s not documented anywhere that ChatGPT has a character limit. However, users have noted that there are some character limitations after around 500 words.
Yes, it was released March 1, 2023.
Everyday examples include programing, scripts, email replies, listicles, blog ideas, summarization, etc.
Advanced use examples include debugging code, programming languages, scientific concepts, complex problem solving, etc.
It depends on the nature of the program. While ChatGPT can write workable Python code, it can’t necessarily program an entire app’s worth of code. That’s because ChatGPT lacks context awareness — in other words, the generated code isn’t always appropriate for the specific context in which it’s being used.
Yes. OpenAI allows users to save chats in the ChatGPT interface, stored in the sidebar of the screen. There are no built-in sharing features yet.
Yes. There are multiple AI-powered chatbot competitors such as Together , Google’s Gemini and Anthropic’s Claude , and developers are creating open source alternatives .
OpenAI has said that individuals in “certain jurisdictions” (such as the EU) can object to the processing of their personal information by its AI models by filling out this form . This includes the ability to make requests for deletion of AI-generated references about you. Although OpenAI notes it may not grant every request since it must balance privacy requests against freedom of expression “in accordance with applicable laws”.
The web form for making a deletion of data about you request is entitled “ OpenAI Personal Data Removal Request ”.
In its privacy policy, the ChatGPT maker makes a passing acknowledgement of the objection requirements attached to relying on “legitimate interest” (LI), pointing users towards more information about requesting an opt out — when it writes: “See here for instructions on how you can opt out of our use of your information to train our models.”
Recently, Discord announced that it had integrated OpenAI’s technology into its bot named Clyde where two users tricked Clyde into providing them with instructions for making the illegal drug methamphetamine (meth) and the incendiary mixture napalm.
An Australian mayor has publicly announced he may sue OpenAI for defamation due to ChatGPT’s false claims that he had served time in prison for bribery. This would be the first defamation lawsuit against the text-generating service.
CNET found itself in the midst of controversy after Futurism reported the publication was publishing articles under a mysterious byline completely generated by AI. The private equity company that owns CNET, Red Ventures, was accused of using ChatGPT for SEO farming, even if the information was incorrect.
Several major school systems and colleges, including New York City Public Schools , have banned ChatGPT from their networks and devices. They claim that the AI impedes the learning process by promoting plagiarism and misinformation, a claim that not every educator agrees with .
There have also been cases of ChatGPT accusing individuals of false crimes .
Several marketplaces host and provide ChatGPT prompts, either for free or for a nominal fee. One is PromptBase . Another is ChatX . More launch every day.
Poorly. Several tools claim to detect ChatGPT-generated text, but in our tests , they’re inconsistent at best.
No. But OpenAI recently disclosed a bug, since fixed, that exposed the titles of some users’ conversations to other people on the service.
None specifically targeting ChatGPT. But OpenAI is involved in at least one lawsuit that has implications for AI systems trained on publicly available data, which would touch on ChatGPT.
Yes. Text-generating AI models like ChatGPT have a tendency to regurgitate content from their training data.
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Introduction.
For many, one of ChatGPT’s most promising educational applications is as an assisted writing feedback tool (AWFT). In other words, ChatGPT could help students hone their writing skills and support teachers in evaluating student work. Many educators already use tools like ChatGPT in the classroom.
However, for ChatGPT to be an effective feedback tool, it must understand the different components of student writing and provide targeted feedback anchored in the organization and development of these components. Research shows struggling writers can improve when receiving this formative and granular feedback. ChatGPT is less likely to improve writing outcomes by offering summative feedback alone to students, such as holistic evaluations of writing samples or letter grades.
For ChatGPT to be an effective feedback tool, it must understand the different components of student writing and provide targeted feedback anchored in the organization and development of these components.
It is unknown how well ChatGPT can provide students with either summative or formative feedback. Thus, we tested ChatGPT’s (version 4) default model’s performance for providing summative and formative feedback on student writing using two benchmarks for automated writing evaluation: the Hewlett Foundation ASAP dataset , a corpus of student essays that pioneered innovation in automated essay scoring algorithms, and 2) the PERSUADE (Persuasive Essays for Rating, Selecting, and Understanding Argumentative and Discourse Elements) Corpus , a large-scale collection of student essays with annotated discourse elements related to individual components of student writing along with their effectiveness in supporting a student’s ideas.
ChatGPT shows human-level performance in holistic scoring using the ASAP dataset as a benchmark, but it struggles with more granular, discourse-level evaluation using the PERSUADE dataset as a benchmark. ChatGPT’s greatest challenge was identifying the distinct elements of argumentative writing (e.g., claim, counterclaim, rebuttal, supporting evidence) and breaking an essay into meaningful and coherent segments. ChatGPT also tends to be a lenient grader when focused on smaller writing segments, like discourse elements, rating them at a higher effectiveness level than a human would. This finding isn’t entirely surprising because the chatbot comes from a family of generative language models that weren’t trained on data representing tasks like essay segmentation or classification. Put differently, generative language models are much less exposed to annotated essay segments in training than their usual use cases (text generation, sentiment analysis, etc.). Thus, they cannot be expected to be as reliable for discourse-level evaluation.
In assessing ChatGPT’s performance on the ASAP benchmark, we tasked the chatbot with assigning a holistic and analytic score for approximately 300 essays sampled from the ASAP dataset that were stratified by score. These essays were sampled from the eight ASAP essay prompts, and we interacted with the chatbot via OpenAI’s API using its standard or default settings (e.g., temperature). We instructed ChatGPT via few-shot prompting , a method where you provide a few examples related to the task to demonstrate ideal performance and supplement the general knowledge of the language model. This approach was done deliberately to see how well the default version of ChatGPT could perform without special-purpose tuning. The API prompts were also adjusted to accommodate variations in rubrics and score ranges across these sets.
Performance was evaluated using the quadratic weighted kappa , a standard metric for comparing machine-generated holistic scores against human evaluations. This metric was computed for each essay set by comparing the final score to GPT-4’s predictions. Quadratic weighted kappa was also calculated for the machine-generated analytic scores (e.g., organization, sentence fluency, conventions) by comparing GPT-4’s predictions with the human raters.
In our assessment of ChatGPT’s performance on the PERSUADE benchmark, we tasked the chatbot with three key assignments:
We randomly sampled 300 essays from the PERSUADE dataset for ChatGPT’s evaluation and interacted with the chatbot via OpenAI’s API. Using a standardized API prompt for each essay, ChatGPT (GPT-4 version) received a scoring and segmentation rubric along with several examples for each annotation label of a discourse element type. Additionally, the prompt instructed ChatGPT to generate a rationale before assigning a label, following a chain-of-thought prompting method. We assessed accuracy by checking whether the chatbot matched the human-annotated writing elements with at least 50% text overlap across both the machine prediction and ground truth, along with correctly identifying the discourse type and effectiveness rating.
On the ASAP benchmark, which examines overall essay quality, ChatGPT performed comparably to a human in holistic scoring. Specifically, as shown in Table 1, the quadratic weighted kappa statistic for the chatbot on final holistic scores ranged from 0.67 to 0.84, indicating an acceptable level of human agreement. However, while ChatGPT generally agreed with human raters in holistic scores, the manner in which ChatGPT’s scores differed from those of humans (when they did differ) is not consistent with how humans’ scores differed among themselves. Table 2 presents kappa agreement on score differences as another metric for comparing GPT’s agreement with each human rater to the agreement among the raters themselves. Note that essay set 2 had two holistic domains: 1) a holistic score considering ideas, voice, organization, and style, and 2) a holistic score considering only language conventions and skills. Overall, there was lower agreement (e.g., .13 for essay set 1, domain 1) on the patterns of score differences between ChatGPT and human rater 1 compared to the differences between the human raters. This low agreement indicates it’ll be difficult to predict how ChatGPT’s holistic scoring would diverge from that of a human evaluator.
On the ASAP benchmark, which examines overall essay quality, ChatGPT performed comparably to a human in holistic scoring.
ChatGPT did not perform as well as a human on analytic scoring for specific components such as ideas and conventions in the ASAP benchmark. As shown in Tables 3 and 4, kappa scores for GPT ranged from 0.18 to 0.58 on essay set 7’s analytic traits and from 0.33 to 0.63 on essay set 8’s analytic traits. Across both essay sets, the chatbot demonstrated low agreement for the analytic trait of ideas while uniquely performing poorly for scoring conventions in essay set 7. GPT also demonstrated an inconsistent pattern in how its scores differed from those of human raters, compared to the differences among the human raters themselves, as shown in Tables 5 and 6. Note that combined scores for raters were not available for the individual traits in ASAP essay sets 7 and 8, so comparisons on a “final” holistic score were not possible.
Table 1: Kappa Agreement Between ChatGPT and Human Raters in Holistic Scoring of the ASAP Dataset
Set 1 domain 1 | 0.67 | 0.72 | 0.66 | 0.67 |
Set 2 domain 1 | 0.84 | 0.81 | 0.84 | 0.78 |
Set 2 domain 2 | 0.55 | 0.8 | 0.55 | 0.47 |
Set 3 domain 1 | 0.67 | 0.77 | 0.7 | 0.65 |
Set 4 domain 1 | 0.73 | 0.85 | 0.71 | 0.71 |
Set 5 domain 1 | 0.8 | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.79 |
Set 6 domain 1 | 0.84 | 0.78 | 0.81 | 0.86 |
Set 7 domain 1 | 0.66 | 0.72 | 0.57 | 0.64 |
Set 8 domain 1 | 0.74 | 0.62 | 0.73 | 0.50 |
Table 2: Kappa Agreement on Score Differences Between ChatGPT and Human Raters in Holistic Scoring of the ASAP Dataset
Set 1 domain 1 | 0.13 | 0.14 |
Set 2 domain 1 | 0.30 | 0.44 |
Set 2 domain 2 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
Set 3 domain 1 | 0.40 | 0.33 |
Set 4 domain 1 | 0.48 | 0.23 |
Set 5 domain 1 | 0.52 | 0.26 |
Set 6 domain 1 | 0.49 | 0.27 |
Set 7 domain 1 | 0.53 | 0.15 |
Set 8 domain 1 | 0.23 | 0.56 |
*R1 = Rater 1, R2 = Rater 2
Table 3: Kappa Agreement Between ChatGPT and Human Raters in Analytic Scoring of the ASAP Dataset, Essay Set 7
Ideas | R1 vs R2 | 0.70 |
R1 vs GPT | 0.35 | |
R2 vs GPT | 0.34 | |
Organization | R1 vs R2 | 0.58 |
R1 vs GPT | 0.53 | |
R2 vs GPT | 0.58 | |
Style | R1 vs R2 | 0.54 |
R1 vs GPT | 0.55 | |
R2 vs GPT | 0.51 | |
Conventions | R1 vs R2 | 0.57 |
R1 vs GPT | 0.18 | |
R2 vs GPT | 0.26 |
Table 4: Kappa Agreement Between ChatGPT and Human Raters in Analytic Scoring of the ASAP Dataset, Essay Set 8
Ideas and Content | R1 vs R2 | 0.65 |
R1 vs GPT | 0.55 | |
R2 vs GPT | 0.42 | |
Organization | R1 vs R2 | 0.54 |
R1 vs GPT | 0.63 | |
R2 vs GPT | 0.47 | |
Voice | R1 vs R2 | 0.40 |
R1 vs GPT | 0.61 | |
R2 vs GPT | 0.33 | |
Word Choice | R1 vs R2 | 0.54 |
R1 vs GPT | 0.64 | |
R2 vs GPT | 0.37 | |
Sentence Fluency | R1 vs R2 | 0.58 |
R1 vs GPT | 0.68 | |
R2 vs GPT | 0.44 | |
Conventions | R1 vs R2 | 0.64 |
R1 vs GPT | 0.73 | |
R2 vs GPT | 0.54 |
Table 5: Kappa Agreement on Score Differences Between ChatGPT and Human Raters in Analytic Scoring of the ASAP Dataset, Essay Set 7
Ideas | (R1 – GPT) vs (R1 – R2) | 0.32 |
(R2 – GPT) vs (R2 – R1) | 0.26 | |
Organization | (R1 – GPT) vs (R1 – R2) | 0.39 |
(R2 – GPT) vs (R2 – R1) | 0.13 | |
Style | (R1 – GPT) vs (R1 – R2) | 0.40 |
(R2 – GPT) vs (R2 – R1) | 0.29 | |
Conventions | (R1 – GPT) vs (R1 – R2) | 0.41 |
(R2 – GPT) vs (R2 – R1) | 0.10 |
Table 6: Kappa Agreement on Score Differences Between ChatGPT and Human Raters in Analytic Scoring of the ASAP Dataset, Essay Set 8
Ideas and Content | (R1 – GPT) vs (R1 – R2) | 0.41 |
(R2 – GPT) vs (R2 – R1) | 0.33 | |
Organization | (R1 – GPT) vs (R1 – R2) | 0.51 |
(R2 – GPT) vs (R2 – R1) | 0.30 | |
Voice | (R1 – GPT) vs (R1 – R2) | 0.64 |
(R2 – GPT) vs (R2 – R1) | 0.36 | |
Word Choice | (R1 – GPT) vs (R1 – R2) | 0.55 |
(R2 – GPT) vs (R2 – R1) | 0.18 | |
Sentence Fluency | (R1 – GPT) vs (R1 – R2) | 0.55 |
(R2 – GPT) vs (R2 – R1) | 0.28 | |
Conventions | (R1 – GPT) vs (R1 – R2) | 0.56 |
(R2 – GPT) vs (R2 – R1) | 0.22 |
On the PERSUADE benchmark, ChatGPT’s predictions are poor across the board. This benchmark measures the performance of algorithms in identifying and evaluating elements of argumentative writing. Table 7 shows that the chatbot could only match 33% of the annotated writing elements, on average, and Table 8 shows it averaged a 52% predictive accuracy for the three effectiveness labels (Ineffective, Adequate, Effective). One major challenge that ChatGPT encountered with the PERSUADE benchmark was text segmentation, or breaking the essay into meaningful units. First, ChatGPT struggled to faithfully replicate the original essay text in its outputs because it tended to automatically correct spelling, grammar, formatting, and other elements. As a result, only 80% of ChatGPT’s generated segments faithfully reproduced the text of the original segment. This is unsurprising, however, because ChatGPT is based on a generative language model , meaning it’s trained to predict and generate text one word at a time, and there’s a possibility of unintentional omissions or alterations when replicating text at its default temperature setting.
Table 7: ChatGPT’s Discourse Element Matching Accuracy by Category
Lead | 76% |
Position | 20% |
Claim | 19% |
Counterclaim | 26% |
Rebuttal | 21% |
Evidence | 31% |
Concluding Statement | 79% |
Table 8: ChatGPT’s Predictive Accuracy for Discourse Effectiveness
Ineffective | 31% |
Adequate | 49% |
Effective | 74% |
ChatGPT also tended to overestimate segment sizes compared to the human annotations. Despite there being 2,100 annotated discourse segments to match in the sample, ChatGPT only generated 1,600 predictions, already ruling out matching roughly a quarter of the ground truth segments. This observation suggests two possible scenarios: (1) ChatGPT might be grouping adjacent writing elements or overestimating segment sizes, and/or (2) ChatGPT may be overly cautious when making predictions. In either case, the model generates a reasonable number of predictions but faces challenges in achieving accurate matches.
ChatGPT tended to be an “easy grader” when scoring discourse elements of writing. It often rated writing elements as "Effective" when humans had rated them as "Adequate," or it rated elements as "Adequate" when humans had assessed them as "Ineffective."
Additionally, ChatGPT tended to be an “easy grader” when scoring discourse elements of writing. It often rated writing elements as “Effective” when humans had rated them as “Adequate,” or it rated elements as “Adequate” when humans had assessed them as “Ineffective.” More specifically, it rated 40% of Adequate elements as Effective, and 54% of Ineffective elements as Adequate.
ChatGPT’s performance is also significantly lower than other language models trained on the PERSUADE dataset, specifically those that won the related Feedback Prize competition series . These winning models matched upwards of 78% of the human-annotated elements, and their effectiveness labels were correct 75% of the time. It’s worth noting that the competition-winning solutions did not use GPT -4 but rather DeBERTA , which belongs to the BERT family of Transformer models and is notably different from GPT in its architecture.
ChatGPT can perform comparably to a human in assigning a final holistic score for a student essay, but it struggles to identify and evaluate the structural pieces of argumentative writing in our experimental setup. It can assess an essay’s overall quality, but it can’t meaningfully break essays into units that form the student’s argument, such as claims, counterclaims, or supporting evidence.
ChatGPT can perform comparably to a human in assigning a final holistic score for a student essay, but it struggles to identify and evaluate the structural pieces of argumentative writing in our experimental setup.
One likely explanation is that the model performs really well on datasets that might have been leaked during the pretraining or instruction-tuning phase but not so well on datasets that are not public. It can work well in a zero-shot manner when the task is similar to one from the datasets it was fine-tuned on, but the PERSUADE segmentation task might not be that common. PERSUADE proposes a less common task on which simple prompting does not perform well. Though performance can likely improve with more sophisticated prompting strategies, fine-tuning, and parameter tuning, the gap in performance for ChatGPT relative to PERSUADE baselines is large enough to suggest that foundation models have problems generalizing to new, less common tasks.
One alternative solution is to combine ChatGPT with BERT-based models, which are designed to analyze and categorize text to improve writing evaluation and feedback systems. For instance, ChatGPT can enhance these systems by providing text augmentations, rephrasing, and stylistic improvements. Overall, these distinct families of language models can work powerfully together to provide feedback on student writing and improve learning outcomes.
– This article was written by Perpetual Baffour , Tor Saxberg , Ralph Abboud , Ulrich Boser , and Scott Crossley .
It would be super helpful to see examples. One link was provided to a prompt, which helped. But to understand the implications of the report, seeing examples of when ChatGPT performed well compared to a human rater vs. did not perform well would bring the research to life.
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Train chatgpt to write your linkedin posts in 5 easy steps.
Train ChatGPT to write your LinkedIn posts in 5 easy steps
LinkedIn has over 1 billion users from 200 countries. 16.2% use it daily. 49 million people look for jobs there every week. LinkedIn is where the money's at. But when you’re a busy founder, you don’t have time to mess around. Writing posts takes ages and you have other things to do.
ChatGPT can help. Here's how to make it write LinkedIn posts just like you in five simple steps. Copy, paste and edit the square brackets in ChatGPT, and keep the same chat window open so the context carries through. Be proud to publish every time.
Make it sound like you.
Your posts should sound like you wrote them. Not a robot. ChatGPT needs to get your style. How you talk. What words you use. Head to LinkedIn, look at your analytics and find your top performing posts of all time, then give ChatGPT those as examples so it can copy your vibe.
"Your task will be to write my LinkedIn posts. First read these posts I wrote. Tell me how I write and create a style guide to use in the new posts. Make the style guide include what kind of words I use, my sentence length, my tone and style and structure. Include what makes my writing unique. [Include example posts]"
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Read what it says. If it's right, move on. If not, give it more posts or explain what it got wrong.
Your goal is to reserve a space in someone’s head for the thing that you do. Especially on LinkedIn. If a connection thinks of someone else first, you’ve lost the game. To achieve this, stick to what you know, and do it consistently. Keep going until people see you as the expert, and then don’t stop. Pick three or four main things you'll post about, which become your pillars. Your followers will know what to expect from you and this matters for showing up online.
"Now, give me 10 ideas for LinkedIn posts about these topics: [list your content pillars, based on the topic you want to own and be known for]. Present the ideas using one sentence for each one and make them punchy."
Look at the ideas and choose the best ones. Take them forward using the next few prompts.
Good instructions make good posts. Bad ones make rubbish. Get your instructions right and ChatGPT will pump out killer content. Spend time on this bit because it pays off.
"Let’s go forward with idea [select the idea you want to go forward with first]. Use my writing style that we just described. Start the post with a hook, which should be a short, sharp, punchy line that grabs attention with my target audience but should not be a question. Then add a rehook, a short line that comes after the hook, that sets up the post and signposts the rest of the post. The main part of the post should fill a knowledge gap in my target audience, so I should help them do something in distinct steps, adding value with each one. Write new sentences on new lines, with line breaks. The penultimate line should be a compelling statement that strongly states one of my audience’s strong beliefs back to them. The final line should invite engagement on my post, inviting people to comment. Make sure the answer to this question is something they would be proud to share. Before you write this post, ask me questions about my target audience. Then ask for a personal story to incorporate in the post."
First drafts are never perfect. That's fine. Read what ChatGPT writes. Then make it better. This is where okay posts become great ones. The ones people remember and share.
"Change this post to make it more [specify what you’d like changing, for example chatty, professional, simple, punchy]. Do not use these words [include the words used in the post that you wouldn’t use in real life]. Also don’t [anything else you’ve spotted that you don’t like]. Now give me the post without the section titles."
Keep re-prompting until you love it. The more you tell ChatGPT, the better it gets at writing like you.
ChatGPT forgets things. Chances are, with this journey of prompting you’ve just undertaken, it’s gone away from your original style guide. So here’s where you double check. Get ChatGPT to mark its own homework by comparing the draft post with its original instructions.
"Now review this draft and refine it to better match my style. Shorten any sentences that are longer than [specify, for example ten words], and simplify any complex language, including [specify sentences that are too complex]. Replace any words that don’t sound like me with ones I would use. The part that I think doesn’t flow well is [specify that here if applicable], so rewrite it to sound more natural. Add any final touches to make the post engaging and authentic. Once refined, give me the final version ready to post."
Now ask it to repeat this process for the other ideas you liked. Give ChatGPT the rest of the numbers, one by one, until you have a month’s worth of content ready to go.
“Now let’s learn from this process and repeat it to create post idea [number]. Ask me questions before creating the post in the same style.”
Getting ChatGPT to write your LinkedIn posts saves time. But it's more than that. It helps you post quality stuff that people want to read. Stuff that grows your brand. Make ChatGPT analyze your style, select your topics, then write the perfect prompt. Make it better and double check.
Tonnes of LinkedIn content could be five prompts away. Try these today and watch your likes and comments go through the roof.
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For example, you can include the writing level (e.g., high school essay, college essay), perspective (e.g., first person) and the type of essay you intend to write (e.g., argumentative, descriptive, expository, or narrative). You can also mention any facts or viewpoints you've gathered that should be incorporated into the output.
In academia, students and professors are preparing for the ways that ChatGPT will shape education, and especially how it will impact a fundamental element of any course: the academic essay. Students can use ChatGPT to generate full essays based on a few simple prompts. But can AI actually produce high quality work, or is the technology just not ...
Using ChatGPT for Assignments | Tips & Examples. Published on February 13, 2023 by Jack Caulfield and Tobias Solis. Revised on November 16, 2023. People are still figuring out the best use cases for ChatGPT, the popular chatbot based on a powerful AI language model.This article provides some ideas for how to use ChatGPT and other AI tools to assist with your academic writing.
Your research paper should be based on in-depth independent research. However, generative AI tools like ChatGPT can be effectively used throughout the research process to: Brainstorm research questions. Develop a methodology. Create an outline. Find sources. Summarize and paraphrase text. Provide feedback. Note.
1. Use ChatGPT to generate essay ideas. Before you start writing an essay, you need to flesh out the idea. When professors assign essays, they generally give students a prompt that gives them ...
For example, you might write: "I'm writing a paper on [topic] for a leading [discipline] academic journal. What I tried to say in the following section is [specific point].
We tested its admissions essay. By Pranshu Verma and. Rekha Tenjarla. Jan. 8 at 6:00 a.m. ChatGPT's release a year ago triggered a wave of panic among educators. Now, universities are in the ...
Let's start with the basics. ChatGPT is one of several chatbots that can answer questions in a conversational style, as if the answer were coming from a human. It provides answers based on information it receives in development and in response to prompts you provide. In that respect, like a human, ChatGPT is limited by the information it has.
This week, she held class discussions about ChatGPT, cautioning students that using A.I. chatbots to generate ideas or writing could make their college essays sound too generic. She advised them ...
The duration of the essay writing for the ChatGPT-assisted group was 172.22 ± 31.59, and for the control, 179.11 ± 31.93 min. ChatGPT and control group, on average, obtained grade C, with a ...
Write an essay in support of the following statement: ... Chat GPT's response is randomly generated from all the information it has access to. It does not plagiarise anyone's work. It basically does what you would do: search for sources in order to gain an understanding, and using those sources and new understanding, produce relevant text. ...
3. Ask ChatGPT to write the essay. To get the best essay from ChatGPT, create a prompt that contains the topic, type of essay, and the other details you've gathered. In these examples, we'll show you prompts to get ChatGPT to write an essay based on your topic, length requirements, and a few specific requests:
Westend61/Getty Images. ChatGPT is often thought of as a tool that will replace human work on tasks such as writing papers for students or professionals. But ChatGPT can also be used to support ...
You can use ChatGPT to brainstorm potential outlines for your introduction. To do this, include a brief overview of all relevant aspects of your paper, including your research question, methodology, central arguments, and essay type (e.g., argumentative, expository). For a longer essay or dissertation, you might also mention section or chapter ...
Step 1: Use ChatGPT to Find and Refine Essay Topics. Before we do anything else, we need a solid topic and its details for our essay. You might have a general idea given by your professor or your manager. This will essentially drive all the steps, and hence, needs to be strong.
Instructions and Essay Prompt. Take a position on an issue and compose a 5-page paper that supports it. In the introduction, establish why your topic is important and present a specific, argumentative thesis statement that previews your argument. The body of your essay should be logical, coherent, and purposeful.
Improve my essay writing ask me to outline my thoughts (opens in a new window) Tell me a fun fact about the Roman Empire (opens in a new window) ... Access to GPT-4, GPT-4o, GPT-4o mini. Up to 5x more messages for GPT-4o. Access to advanced data analysis, file uploads, vision, and web browsing.
ChatGPT (short for "Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer") is a chatbot created by OpenAI, an artificial intelligence research company. ChatGPT can be used for various tasks, like having human-like conversations, answering questions, giving recommendations, translating words and phrases—and writing things like essays.
The corpus features essays for 90 topics from Essay Forum 42, an active community for providing writing feedback on different kinds of text and is frequented by high-school students to get ...
For a single essay, we can simply ask ChatGPT to grade as follows: For multiple essays, we could request ChatGPT to grade each one individually. However, when dealing with a large number of essays (e.g., 50, 100, 1000, etc.), manually grading them in this way becomes a laborious and time-consuming task.
Examples: Using ChatGPT to generate an essay outline. Provide a very short outline for a college admission essay. The essay will be about my experience working at an animal shelter. The essay will be 500 words long. Introduction. Hook: Share a brief and engaging anecdote about your experience at the animal shelter.
Essay generator. Revolutionize essay writing with our AI-driven tool: Generate unique, plagiarism-free essays in minutes, catering to all formats and topics effortlessly.
Writing a research question. You can use ChatGPT to brainstorm potential research questions or to narrow down your thesis statement. Begin by inputting a description of the research topic or assigned question. Then include a prompt like "Write 3 possible research questions on this topic".
ChatGPT, OpenAI's text-generating AI chatbot, has taken the world by storm since its launch in November 2022. What started as a tool to hyper-charge productivity through writing essays and code ...
We randomly sampled 300 essays from the PERSUADE dataset for ChatGPT's evaluation and interacted with the chatbot via OpenAI's API. Using a standardized API prompt for each essay, ChatGPT (GPT-4 version) received a scoring and segmentation rubric along with several examples for each annotation label of a discourse element type.
Train ChatGPT to write your LinkedIn posts in 5 easy steps. getty. LinkedIn has over 1 billion users from 200 countries. 16.2% use it daily. 49 million people look for jobs there every week.