case study questions class 8 science chapter 3

• Coal and Petroleum Class 8 Case Study Questions Science Chapter 3

Last Updated on April 20, 2024 by XAM CONTENT

Hello students, we are providing case study questions for class 8 science. Case study questions are the new question format that is introduced in CBSE board. The resources for case study questions are very less. So, to help students we have created chapterwise case study questions for class 8 science. In this article, you will find case study questions for cbse class 8 science Chapter 3 Coal and Petroleum.

Table of Contents

Case Study Questions on Coal and Petroleum

Nowadays we are very much dependent on fossil fuels. Increase in the use of coal and petroleum has led to difficulties in managing fossil fuels, and now the time is not far when we run on shortage of them. There are many steps taken by the different governments to decrease the consumption of fossil fuels such as promoting natural gases and making it mandatory for all the vehicles or promoting the usage of electric vehicles on subsidised costs. Coal and petroleum are very useful sources. We need to save them so that it gets easier to manage our natural resources. There are many alternatives like solar energy, electric vehicles, etc which are environment friendly. Many countries are trying to replace all the vehicles which run on diesel and petrol with electric vehicles by 2030. Some serious steps need to be taken in order to manage these sources and save our environment.

Q. 1. An ideal fuel should have a _________calorific value. (a) Low (b) High (c) Sufficient (d) None of the above.

Difficulty Level: Easy

Ans. Option (b) is correct. Explanation: An ideal fuel should have a high calorific value because calorific value of a fuel is the amount of heat liberated on complete burning of a unit mass or volume of a fuel. It is expressed in kJ/kg.

Also read: Coal and Petroleum Assertion Reason Questions for Class 8 Science

Q. 2. Which of the following is not a fossil fuel? (a) Kerosene (b) Coal tar (c) Water (d) Petrol

Ans. Option (c) is correct. Explanation: Water is not a fossil fuel. It is a natural resource which is present in unlimited quantity in nature and will not get replenish.

Q .3. Explain how the use of CNG in automobiles has reduced pollution in our cities.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Ans. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a clean fuel and does not give smoke when burnt as compared to other petroleum containing fuels like petrol and diesel.

• For automobiles to run, petroleum fuel is burnt.
• The combustion of fuel leaves unburnt carbon particles in the air, along with carbon monoxide (CO) – poisonous and harmful gas.
• Breathing CO causes headache, dizziness, etc.
• CNG burns completely leaving no harmful residue. Hence, the use of CNG in automobiles has reduced pollution in our cities.

Q.4. What are petrochemicals?

Ans. Petrochemicals are chemical products obtained from petroleum and natural gas are used in the manufacture of detergents, fibers (polyester, nylon, acrylic etc.), polythene and other man-made plastics. Hydrogen gas is obtained from natural gas, is used in the production of fertilisers (urea).

• Force and Pressure Class 8 Case Study Questions Science Chapter 8
• Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 Case Study Questions Science Chapter 7
• Reproduction in Animals Class 8 Case Study Questions Science Chapter 6
• Conservation of Plants and Animals Class 8 Case Study Questions Science Chapter 5
• Combustion and Flame Class 8 Case Study Questions Science Chapter 4

Microorganisms: Friend and Foe Class 8 Case Study Questions Science Chapter 2

Crop production and management class 8 case study questions science chapter 1, topics from which case study questions may be asked.

• Discussing about the types of natural resources.
• Learning about fossil fuels.
• Learning about coal and the products we obtain from it.
• Understanding how petroleum was formed.
• Learning the importance of natural gas as fuel.
• Knowing the ways to save fossil fuels as they are exhaustible.

We require various materials to fulfill our basic needs. Some of them are found in nature and some have been made by human efforts. The various resources which are obtained from nature are called natural resources, e.g., air, water, soil, etc. This chapter deals with some of the natural resources and how they are useful to us.

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Cbse, ncert and icse solution online, class 8 science case study question, case study question class 8 science (cbse / ncert board).

Class 8 Science Case Study Question and Answer: CBSE / NCERT Board Class 8 Science Case Study Question prepared by expert Science Teacher. Students can learn Case Based Question / Paragraph Type Question for NCERT Class 8 Science.

There are total 18 chapter Crop Production and Management, Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

, Synthetic Fibres and Plastics, Materials: Metals and Non-Metals, Coal and Petroleum, Combustion and Flame, Conservation of Plants and Animals, Cell – Structure and Functions, Reproduction in Animals, Reaching the Age of Adolescence, Force and Pressure, Friction, Sound, Chemical Effects of Electric Current, Some Natural Phenomena, Light, Stars and the Solar System, Pollution of Air and Water

For any problem during learning any Case or any doubts please comment us. We are always ready to help You.

CBSE Class 8 Science Case Study Question

• Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management Case Study Question
• Chapter 2 Microorganisms: Friend and Foe Case Study Question
• Chapter 3 Synthetic Fibres and Plastics Case Study Question
• Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals Case Study Question
• Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum Case Study Question
• Chapter 6 Combustion and Flame Case Study Question
• Chapter 7 Conservation of Plants and Animals Case Study Question
• Chapter 8 Cell – Structure and Functions Case Study Question
• Chapter 9 Reproduction in Animals Case Study Question
• Chapter 10 Reaching the Age of Adolescence Case Study Question
• Chapter 11 Force and Pressure Case Study Question
• Chapter 12 Friction Case Study Question
• Chapter 13 Sound Case Study Question
• Chapter 14 Chemical Effects of Electric Current Case Study Question
• Chapter 15 Some Natural Phenomena Case Study Question
• Chapter 16 Light Case Study Question
• Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System Case Study Question
• Chapter 18 Pollution of Air and Water Case Study Question

What is Case Study Question?

Ans. At case Study there will one paragraph and on the basis of that concept some question will made. Students have to solve that question.

How many marks will have at case based question?

Most of time 5 questions will made from each case. There will 1 or 2 marks for each question.

Important links:

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Question 1:

Explain why some fibres are called synthetic.

There are some fibres that are prepared by man by using chemicals. These are called synthetic fibres. These are made of small units that join together to form long chains. Examples of synthetic fibres are rayon, nylon, polyester, acrylic, etc.

Page No 41:

Question 2:.

Mark ( &mnTick; ) the correct answer.

Rayon is different from synthetic fibres because

(a) it has a silk-like appearance.

(b) it is obtained from wood pulp.

(c) its fibres can also be woven like those of natural fibres.

(b) it is obtained from wood pulp. (correct)

Question 3:

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

(a) Synthetic fibres are also called _______ __ or _______ __ fibres.

(b) Synthetic fibres are synthesised from raw materials called _______ __ .

(c) Like synthetic fibres, plastic is also a _______ __ .

(a) Synthetic fibres are also called __artificial__ or __man-made__ fibres.

(b) Synthetic fibres are synthesised from raw materials called __petrochemicals__ .

(c) Like synthetic fibres, plastic is also a __polymer__ .

Question 4:

Give examples which indicate that nylon fibres are very strong.

Nylon fibres are very strong. It is used for making ropes used for climbing rocks and for making parachutes. Their usage shows that nylon fibres have high tensile strength.

Question 5:

Explain why plastic containers are favoured for storing food.

The characteristics that make plastics favourable for storing food items are:

(i) Light weight

(ii) Lower price

(iii) Good strength

(iv) Easy handling

Question 6:

Explain the difference between thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics.

There ar e two types of plastics: Thermosetting plastics and Thermoplastics.

Question 7:

Explain why the following are made of thermosetting plastics.

(a) Saucepan handles

(b) Electric plugs/switches/plug boards

( a) Saucepan handles are made of thermosetting plastics because these plastics do not get softened on heating. Also, thermosetting plastics such as bakelite are poor conductors of heat.

( b) Thermosetting plastics such as bakelite are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Therefore, they are used for making electric plugs, switches, plug boards, etc.

Question 8:

Categorize the materials of the following products into ‘can be recycled’ and ‘cannot be recycled’.

Telephone instruments, plastic toys, cooker handles, carry bags, ball point pens, plastic bowls, plastic covering on electrical wires, plastic chairs, electrical switches.

Question 9:

Rana wants to buy shirts for summer. Should he buy cotton shirts or shirts made from synthetic material? Advise Rana, giving your reason.

Rana should buy shirts made from cotton. This is because cotton is a good absorber of water. It can soak the sweat coming out of our body and expose it to the environment. Thus, it helps in evaporating the liquid (sweat), thereby cooling our body.

Question 10:

Give examples to show that plastics are non -corrosive in nature.

Plastics are not corroded even if they come in contact with strong chemicals. This is because of their non-reactive nature with most materials. For example, the cleansing chemicals that we use at home are stored in plastic bottles, instead of metal containers.

Question 11:

Should the handle and bristles of a tooth brush be made of the same material? Explain your answer.

No. T he handle and bristles of a tooth brush should be made of different materials. The handle of a toothbrush should be hard and strong, while the bristles should be soft and flexible.

Question 12:

‘Avoid plastics as far as possible’. Comment on this advice.

Plastics are non -biodegradable. Once introduced into the environment, they take several years to decompose. Plastics add to the environmental pollution. They cannot be burnt as when burnt, they release poisonous gases. Plastic bags thrown in the garbage dump are swallowed by animals like cows. These plastic bags choke their respiratory system and can even prove fatal. Therefore, we should avoid plastics as far as possible.

Page No 42:

Question 13:.

Match the terms of column A correctly with the phrases given in column B.

Question 14:

‘Manufacturing synthetic fibres is actually helping conservation of forests’. Comment.

R aw materials for natural fibres are mainly derived from plants and this means cutting a lot of trees. This leads to deforestation. But raw materials of synthetic materials are mainly petrochemicals. Hence, manufacturing synthetic fibres helps in the conservation of forests.

Question 15:

Describe an activity to show that thermoplastic is a poor conductor of electricity.

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NCERT Solutions Class 8 Science Chapter 3

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3: Synthetic Fibres and Plastic

Science is an exciting subject, and it plays a vital role in a student’s life as it offers various concepts that can appear in the following classes. Class 8 also holds equal importance for the students as it prepares them for their future career options in Science and Engineering. Hence it is a transition phase for any student who wishes to take Science as a significant subject. 

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Class 8 Science Chapter 3 is about synthetic fibers and plastic. First, it introduces the various types of synthetic fibers and their characteristics. Here, students learn about fiber, polymer, natural fiber, silk, and nylon. In addition, they will understand how thermoplastic is formed and its characteristics. Furthermore, students can understand the key difference between biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials. 

Students can benefit from our website and access NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3. Our solutions help the students to get detailed notes, illustrations, and examples, and it also has previous years’ papers. The students will be able to gain confidence in the Science subject with the help of the solutions. 

Extramarks is a leading online learning platform that provides students with the best study material and solutions. The solution tries to build the skills which are essential for enhanced learning. It helps to build a foundation on all the concepts prescribed in the NCERT curriculum and CBSE Class 8 Science. 

Our NCERT solution guide covers important subtopics such as the uses of synthetic fibers, different types of synthetic fibers, characteristics of plastics, and the effect of plastics on the environment. It also elaborates on the role and contribution of other synthetic fibers such as Rayon, Nylon, Polyester, and acrylic. 

Students can visit the Extramarks website for current updates and notifications about the NCERT syllabus and its exam-related updates. Further, students can access other class solutions, including NCERT solutions Class 9, NCERT solutions Class 10, and NCERT solutions Class 11. 

Key Topics Covered In NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3

Class 8 Science Chapter 3 solutions maintain quality by following the guidelines and syllabus for Class 8. Our NCERT solutions are easy to understand with elaborative illustrations and diagrams so that students rarely face any difficulty in learning the answers. The Science teachers have written NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3 in a very simplistic and easy-to-understand manner to clarify their concepts and help them excel in their academics.  . 

The sub-topic covered in Extramarks NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3 are given below: 

What are synthetic fibers?

Synthetic fiber is an artificial fiber that is prepared by using raw materials. The materials predominantly originated from petroleum which is also known as petrochemicals. Besides, there are several processes involved in the preparation of fiber. Some of the standard synthetic fibers are rayon, polyester, and nylon. 

The fibers are made up of tiny chemical units known as monomers. They are joined together to form a chain, and these chains are called polymers. Synthetic fibers are also obtained by the chemical processing of petrochemicals, unlike natural fibers made from animal and plant sources. In our Extramarks NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3, we have elaborated on the processing of the petrochemicals in detail. 

Types of synthetic fibers

The classification of synthetic fibers is based on the chemicals used in their manufacturing. Therefore, every fiber differs in its nature of burning, affordability, availability, water absorption, etc. The different types of synthetic fibers discussed in NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3 are listed below: 

• Rayon: It is artificial silk known as viscose-rayon regenerated cellulose. The cellulose is obtained from the natural source of wood pulp. Besides, it is also manufactured fiber made in the laboratory by chemical treatment of wood pulp. It is dyed in various colors, and it can also be woven like silk fibers. Rayon is used to making fabrics, bedsheets, carpets, and car upholstery. 
• Acrylic: It is a monomer also known as polyacrylonitrile. Acrylic fiber is similar to wool used to make sweaters, blankets, shawls, etc. Therefore, it is affordable, cheap, and durable compared to natural woolen fibers. In addition, acrylics are light, soft, warm, and resistant to chemicals, moths, and sunlight. 
• Polyester: It is also a monomer ester and manufactured fiber. Polyester offers a brilliant wrinkle-free quality and remains crisp, and it is easy to wash. Therefore, it is used for dresses, suits, rainwear, etc. In addition, a type of polyester known as PET or Polyethylene terephthalate is trendy for making kitchen products, wires, bottles, etc. 
• Nylon is different from other fabric types; it is a polymer of adipic acid hexamethylenediamine. Nylon is the first fiber made from coal, water, and air. They are light, elastic, strong, durable, and lustrous. This property makes it a good choice for fabrics, and it also dries up quickly. Nylon is used in car seats, belts, ropes, curtains, and toothbrushes. 

To understand the properties of synthetic fibers in detail, students can register on the Extramarks website and access NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3. 

Characteristics of synthetic fibers

• Synthetic fibers dry up quickly, are durable, and are less expensive. In addition, it is readily available and easy to maintain. 
• Synthetic fibers melt on heating and can catch fire which can be disastrous. 
• The fibers are strong, elastic, and light. 

Many people use plastic in their everyday life. Plastic is also a polymer like synthetic fibers. Further, there are various forms and uses of plastic. It can be recycled, reused, colored, melted or made into wires. The plastic can be deformed easily by heating and made easily known as “Thermoplastic”. 

Besides, there are some plastics that, when molded once, cannot be softened by heating, called “Thermosetting” plastic. Bakelite and melamine are two examples of the thermosetting plastic. Whereas bakelite is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, melamine is a versatile material. Students can refer to our NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3, where we have elaborated on the various properties of plastic.

Plastic as a material of choice

Various food items such as water, milk, pickles, and dry food are primarily stored in plastic containers. They are lightweight, strong, durable, have good strength, and are easy to handle. On the other hand, metals like iron rust over time and when exposed to moisture. Yet, it is different from plastic materials. Plastic can easily be molded into various shapes and sizes. 

Plastic is a lot cheaper than metals. Further, it is used in many industries such as health care, fire industry, IT industry, and wrapping industry. Plastic has a lot to offer as a material. Therefore, students can register on our Extramarks website or refer to NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3. We have explained the critical role of plastic in different industries in detail. 

Plastics and Environment

Plastic as a material is not environmentally friendly as it accumulates in the environment over the years without disintegrating. When we burn plastics, it releases toxic gases into the atmosphere, which pose a health hazard for humans, animals, and plants; further, plastic is not biodegradable. It means that plastic cannot be decomposed naturally by the action of bacteria. 

When plastic bags are not disposed of properly, they can clog the drains and can lead to choking on animals. There are five R principles: Reduce, Recycle, Reuse, Recover, and Refuse to keep our environment safe. It can contribute to cleaning our environment. There are also some eco-friendly ways, such as cloth bags, steel utensils, and paper bags. 

Students can access NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3 on our website to understand plastic and its impact on nature. 

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3: Exercises &  Solutions

Extramarks NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3 offers students all the solved answers to questions from the textbook chapters. The answers are written in a  descriptive and detailed manner, which helps in answering the question and clears all the doubts while responding to similar questions while revising and in exams.

Besides, students can take advantage and start with a trial account by registering on our website. Our NCERT solutions have proven fruitful for many students in primary and secondary classes. The solutions cover all the sub-topics in Chapter 3, synthetic fibers and plastic.  All the essential topics are explained in a simple and easy-to-understand language which helps students score well in the Science exams. 

Students can click on the link below to access the exercise-specific questions and their solutions which are covered in Extramarks NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3: 

• Chapter 3: Exercise 3.1 Solutions: 14 Questions

Our NCERT solutions are also available for other primary and secondary classes on our Extramarks website. Students can click on the links given  below:

NCERT Exemplar for Class 8 Science

Science is a subject of curiosity about the nature and behavior of natural things.  It demands a high level of understanding to grasp the concepts. To increase the knowledge of such concepts, solving different equations is always beneficial. It helps to clear the doubt and develop a strong understanding of the topics. 

NCERT Exemplars are designed in the same manner to help the students to enhance their knowledge of the topic. It has various types of questions with varying levels of difficulty such as multiple-choice questions; fill in the blanks and match the following questions. It also contains objective, concise answer type, short-answer type, and long-answer-type questions in Chapter 3, Class 8. With the daily practice of the exemplar, students can expect good results in the examination. In other words, an effort has been made to ensure that nothing is left in the process.

Our NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3 offer questions from exemplars covering the topics of synthetic fibers and plastic. Here, students will explore different sub-topics, including characteristics of plastics, thermoplastics, thermosetting plastic, and acrylic fiber. In addition, students will understand the critical difference between biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials. It will ensure that even the minutest doubt is resolved and the students develop an interest in learning and mastering the topic with ease.

NCERT Solutions Class 8 Science Chapter-wise List

Key Features of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3

Extramarks has an in-house dedicated team of subject experts who prepare accurate, up-to-date, and authentic solutions for each topic and each section covered in the chapter. Some Students find it difficult to answer the textbook questions and they should follow the answers on our Extramarks website to get an overall idea about the chapter to help them achieve excellent scores. 

Some of the prominent characteristics of our NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3 are as follows:

• The solutions help clarify students’ queries that arise while learning the chapter. 
• The answers are prepared in an understandable language, making it easy for students to learn complicated definitions. 
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3 strictly adhere to the CBSE syllabus and guidelines for students to prepare for the exam more rigorously so that they don’t have to look for any help elsewhere. 
• The subject experts frame each answer in the solution with utmost care to encourage and enable reading abilities among students to study independently and master the topic with ease. 
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Q.1 Explain why some fibres are called synthetic.

Ans. Man-made fibres are called synthetic fibres. These fibres are prepared from petrochemicals with the help of various processes. Examples of some synthetic fibres are nylon, rayon, polyester, acrylic, etc.

Q.2 Mark (✓) the correct answer.

Rayon is different from synthetic fibres because

• it has a silk-like appearance.
• it is obtained from wood pulp.
• its fibres can also be woven like those of natural fibres.

Ans. Rayon is different from synthetic fibres because

• it is obtained from wood pulp. (✓)

Q.3 Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

• Synthetic fibres are also called ______ or ______ fibres.
• Synthetic fibres are synthesised from raw materials called _________.
• Like synthetic fibres, plastic is also a ________.
• artificial, man-made
• petrochemicals

Q.4 Give examples which indicate that nylon fibres are very strong.

Ans. Nylon fibres are strong, elastic and light. In fact they are stronger than steel wire. They are used in making ropes for rock climbing and parachutes. This usage indicates that nylon fibres are very strong.

Q.5 Explain why plastic containers are favoured for storing food.

Ans. The plastic containers are favoured for storing food because plastic is non-reactive, corrosion resistant, cheap, durable, strong and light in weight.

Q.6 Explain the difference between thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics.

Q.7 Explain why the following are made of thermosetting plastics.

• Saucepan handles
• Electric plugs/switches/plug boards
• Saucepan handles are made of thermosetting plastics because these plastics do not soften on heating.
• Thermosetting plastics are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Therefore, they are used in making electric plugs, switches, plug boards, etc.

Q.8 Categorise the materials of the following products into ‘can be recycled’ and ‘cannot be recycled’.

Telephone instruments, plastic toys, cooker handles, carry bags, ball point pens, plastic bowls, plastic covering on electrical wires, plastic chairs, electrical switches.

Q.9 Rana wants to buy shirts for summer. Should he buy cotton shirts or shirts made from synthetic material? Advise Rana, giving your reason.

Ans. Rana should buy cotton shirts. This is because cotton is a good absorber of water. Therefore, it absorbs the sweat (mainly water having dissolved salts) and exposes it to the environment. With the help of atmospheric heat, water present in sweat is evaporated. During evaporation water is lost and this water takes away heat with it. Thus, it helps in evaporating the water (sweat), thereby cooling our body.

Q.10 Give examples to show that plastics are noncorrosive in nature.

Ans.  Plastics are non-reactive and noncorrosive in nature. They are not corroded even by strong chemicals. That is why various kind of chemicals are stored in plastics bottles.

Q.11 Should the handle and bristles of a tooth brush be made of the same material? Explain your answer.

Ans. Handle and bristle of a tooth brush should not be made of the same material. This is because handle of brush is strong and hard, while bristles are soft and flexible.

Q.12 ‘Avoid plastics as far as possible’. Comment on this advice.

Ans. Plastics are non-biodegradable, i.e. they are not decomposed by micro-organisms. Once introduced into the environment they may take several years to decompose. Plastics when burnt produce poisonous gases. They are dangerous to animals like cows, which swallow these bags from garbage. These bags choke the respiratory system of the animals or form a lining in their stomach and may cause their death. Hence, we should avoid plastics as far as possible.

Q.13 Match the terms of column A correctly with the phrases given in column B.

Q.14 ‘Manufacturing synthetic fibres is actually helping in conservation of forests’. Comment.

Ans. Raw material used for making natural fibres is mainly derived from plants. It requires cutting of lots of trees leading to deforestation. On the other hand raw materials required for synthetic fibres are mainly obtained from petrochemicals. It means for manufacturing of synthetic fibres, cutting of trees is not needed. Hence, it can be said that ‘manufacturing synthetic fibres is actually helping in conservation of forest’.

Q.15 Describe an activity to show that thermoplastic is a poor conductor of electricity.

Ans. We can set two circuits to show that thermoplastic is a poor conductor of electricity. For this we need two bulbs, wires, two batteries, a piece of metal and a pipe made of thermoplastic.

Set up the circuits with metal and plastic pipe separately as shown below.

When you turn the switch on the current flows and the bulb glows in the first circuit (circuit with metal) while, bulb does not glow in the second circuit (circuit with plastic).

This activity confirms that thermoplastic is a poor conductor of electricity.

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Faqs (frequently asked questions), 1. what are the different types of questions in class 8 science chapter 3.

Students will come across  multiple-choice questions and explanatory answers, fill in the blanks and match the following question in the chapter. They will get to solve different types of questions, which will help them to strengthen their knowledge of synthetic fibre and plastic.

2. How many subtopics are included in Chapter 3 of NCERT solutions for Class 8?

The students will get to learn the following sub-topics in the NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3:

• What are synthetic fibres?
• Types of synthetic fibres
• Characteristics of synthetic fibres
• Plastics and environment

3. Why should we study from NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3?

Sometimes, it isn’t easy for students to understand the definitions and concepts in the chapter. Therefore, Extramarks NCERT solutions offer answers for all the topics present in the exercises. In addition, the solutions contain explanations for each step to help understand the concepts without difficulty.

NCERT Solutions Related Links

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Case Study Chapter 3 Metals and Non-Metals

Please refer to Chapter 3 Metals and Non-Metals Case Study Questions with answers provided below. We have provided Case Study Questions for Class 10 Science for all chapters as per CBSE, NCERT and KVS examination guidelines. These case based questions are expected to come in your exams this year. Please practise these case study based Class 10 Science Questions and answers to get more marks in examinations.

Case Study Questions Chapter 3 Metals and Non-Metals

Case/Passage – 1

Metals are electropositive elements. They can easily lose electrons to form ions. Metals show distinguished physical as well as chemical properties. Generally most of the metals are ductile and malleable with exception such as mercury. These properties make them valuable for commercial as well as domestic uses. Reaction of a metal with water is one of  important chemical property. Metals like sodium and potassium reacts with cold water while magnesium reacts with hot water. Metals like aluminium, zinc do not react with hot/cold water but they easily react with steam. When a metal react with hot/cold water the products are metal hydroxide and hydrogen,and when it react with steam, the product are metal oxide and hydrogen. Some metals like sodium, potassium react violently with water.

Question: When zinc reacts with steam it produces: (a) Zn(OH) 2 (b) ZnO (c) O 2 (d) ZnO 2   

Question: During the reaction of calcium with water, pieces of metal start floating due to the formation of: (a) Ca(OH) 2 (b) CO2 (c) H 2 (d) none of these 

Question: Consider the reactions: Na(s) + H 2 O (l) → NaOH (aq) + H2 (g) ……….(i) Ca(s) + H 2 O (l) → Ca(OH) 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) ………(ii) (a) Reaction (i) is endothermic reaction. (b) Reaction (ii) is endothermic reaction. (c) Reaction (ii) is more exothermic than reaction (i). (d) Reaction (i) is more exothermic than reaction (ii). 

Question: Most ductile metal among the following is: (a) Au (b) Ag (c) Cu (d) Al   

Question: Metals can be converted into thin sheet by hammering.This property is known as: (a) Ductility (b) Sonorous (c) Malleability (d) Both (a) and (c) 

Case/Passage – 2

Elements can be classified as metals or non-metals on the basis of their properties. The easiest way to start grouping substances is by comparing their physical properties. Metals,  in their pure state, have a shining surface. This property is called metallic luster. metals are generally hard. The hardness varies from metal to metal. some metals are used for making  cooking vessels.

Question: The most abundant metal in the earth’s crust is – (a) iron (b) copper (c) aluminium (d) mercury 

Question: The metal that reacts with cold water is – (a) mercury (b) sodium (c) zinc (d)tungsten 

Question: Metal present in chloroplast is (a) Iron (b) Copper (c) Magnesium (d) Cobalt 

Question: Metals generally are (a) reducing agents (b) oxidising agent (c) both oxidising and reducing agents (d) None of these   

Question: Which of the following metal(s) catch fire on reaction with water? (a) Sodium (b) Potassium (c) Magnesium (d) both (a) and (b)   

Case/Passage – 3

The huge annual loss due to corrosion is a national waste and should be minimized. Following are some methods which are helpful to prevent corrosion

(i) Coating the iron surface with paint or oil or grease prevents moist oxygen from coming in contact with the metal and thus effectively prevents rusting of iron.  (ii) Galvanisation : Iron is blasted with fine sand to make the surface rough dipped in molten zinc and then cooled. A thin layer of zinc forms on the iron surface. Since zinc is more reactive than iron, it acts as a sacrificial metal and is preferentially oxidised thus preventing oxidation of iron.  (iii) Electroplating with tin, nickel or chromium also prevents rusting. (iv) Alloying (mixing iron in its molten state with other metals) prevents rusting. Stainless steel is an alloy of iron with Cr or Ni.

Question: The most convenient method to protect the bottom of ship made of iron is : (a) coating it with red lead oxide. (b) white tin plating. (c) connecting it with Mg block. (d) connecting it with Pb block.   

Question: The best way to prevent rusting of iron is : (a) making it cathode (b) putting in saline water (c) both of these (d) none of these   

Question: The most durable metal plating on iron to protect against corrosion is : (a) nickel plating (b) copper plating (c) tin plating (d) zinc plating 

Case/Passage – 4

Some metals are chemically very reactive, whereas others are less reactive or unreactive. On the basis of vigourness of reactions of various metals with oxygen, water and acids, as well as displacement reactions, the metals have been arranged in a group or series according to their chemical reactivity. The arrangement of metals in a vertical column in the order of decreasing reactivities is called reactivity series of metals (or activity series of metals). In reactivity series, the most reactive metal is placed at the top whereas the least reactive metal is placed at the bottom. As we come down in the series, the chemical reactivity of metals decreases. Since the metals placed at the bottom of the reactivity series (like silver and gold) are less reactive, so they are usually found in free state (native state) in nature. 

Question: Copper sulphate solution can be safely kept in a container made of : (a) aluminium (b) lead (c) silver (d) zinc   

Question: When metal Z is added to dilute HCl solution, there is no evolution of gas. Metal is : (a) K (b) Na (c) Ag (d) Zn 

Question: Metal always found in free state is : (a) gold (b) silver (c) copper (d) sodium 

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Synthetic Fibres and Plastics Class 8 Science Extra Questions and Answers

Synthetic Fibres and Plastics Class 8 Science Chapter 3 Extra Questions and Answers are provided here. We prepared these extra questions based on the latest NCERT Class 8 Science Book. CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 3 Synthetic Fibres and Plastics Extra Questions will help you to properly understand a particular concept of the chapter.

Class 8 Science Chapter 3 Synthetic Fibres and Plastics Extra Questions

Very short answer type question.

Question 1: Name the plastic whose sheets are used for packing liquids.

Answer: Polythene

Question 2: Name one naturally occurring polymer.

Answer: Cellulose

Question 3: Name the fibre used for making parachutes and ropes for rock climbing.

Answer: Nylon

Question 4: Which synthetic fiber is known as artificial silk?

Answer: Rayon fiber is known as artificial silk.

Question 5: Which is the first fully synthetic fibre?

Answer: Nylon is the first fully synthetic fibre.

Question 6: Write one disadvantage of synthetic fibre.

Answer: Synthetic fibres melt on heating.

Question 7: What are esters?

Answer: Esters are the chemicals which give fruits their smell.

Question 8: What are the 4 R in waste management? Or What are the 4 R’s principles of plastic?

Answer: 4 R principles mean Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover.

Question 9: What are the advantages of nylon?

Answer: Nylon fibre is strong, elastic and light. It is lustrous and easy to wash.

Question 10: Write uses of bakelite.

Answer: It is used for making electrical switches, handles of various utensils, etc.

Question 11: Write uses of melamine.

Answer: It is used for making floor tiles, kitchenware and fabrics which resist fire.

Question 12: How is rayon different from synthetic fibres?

Answer: Rayon is different from synthetic fibres because it is obtained from a natural source, wood pulp.

Question 13: Give examples which indicate that nylon fibres are very strong.

Answer: Nylon fibres are very strong as it is used to make parachutes and ropes for rock climbing.

Question 14: What is polythene?

Answer: Polythene (Poly + ethene) is a type of plastic that is used for making commonly used polythene bags.

Question 15:  Is plastic bag non-biodegradable? Why?

Answer: Plastic bag is non-biodegradable because it takes several years to degenerate.

Question 16:  Can we store jams and pickles in plastic containers? Give reason.

Answer: We can store jams and pickles in plastic containers because plastics do not react with water and air and do not get corroded easily.

Question 17: Do all plastics have same type of arrangement of units?

Answer: All plastics do not have the same type of arrangement of units. In some it is linear, whereas in others it is cross-linked.

Question 18:  Why nylon is called fully synthetic fibre?

Answer: Nylon is called fully synthetic fibre because it is prepared from coal, water and air.

Question 19:  What is polyester?

Answer: Polyester (Poly+ ester) is actually made up of the repeating units of a chemical called an ester.

Question 20:  Write one use of acrylic.

Answer: Acrylic is used as a substitute of natural wool for knitting sweaters, shawls, blankets etc.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1:  Why is nylon used for making parachutes and ropes for rock climbing?

Answer: Nylon is used for making parachutes and ropes for rock climbing because nylon fibre is strong and can hold heavy weight.

Question 2:  What is polymer?

Answer: Synthetic fibres and plastics, like natural fibres, are made of very large units called polymers. Polymers are made up of many smaller units.

Question 3: Define petrochemicals.

Answer: All the synthetic fibres are prepared by a number of processes using raw materials of petroleum origin, called petrochemicals.

Question 4: Why should we use a cotton carry bag or jute bag while going for shopping?

Answer: We should use cotton or jute bags while going for shopping in order to minimise the use of plastic bags.

Question 5: Why plastic articles are available in all shape and size?

Answer: Plastic articles are available in all possible shapes and sizes because plastic is easily mouldable i.e. can be shaped in any form.

Question 6:  Why is Teflon used for nonstick coating on cookware? Or Which material is used for coating non-stick kitchen wares and why?

Answer: Teflon is used for nonstick coating on cookwares because it is a special plastic on which oil and water do not stick.

Question 7: Explain why plastic containers are favoured for storing food.

Answer: Plastic containers are favoured for storing food because of their light weight, lower price, good strength and easy handling.

Question 8:  What is PET? Write its uses.

Answer: PET is a very familiar form of polyester. It is used for making bottles, utensils, films, wires and many other useful products.

Question 9: Give the composition of Polycot and Polywool.

Answer: Polycot is a mixture of polyester and cotton.

Polywool is a mixture of polyester and wool.

Question 10: “Tin, aluminium and other metal can are considered non-biodegradable.” Give reason.

Answer: Tin, aluminium and other metal can are considered non-biodegradable because they approximately take 100 to 500 years to degenerate.

Question 11: Give two uses of rayon.

• It is mixed with cotton to make bed sheets.
• It is mixed with wool to make carpets.

Question 12: Suggest some ways in which we can contribute towards reducing the use of plastic materials?

Answer: Ways to reduce use of plastic materials are

• Avoid the use of plastics as far as possible.
• Make use of bags made of cotton or jute when you go for shopping.

Question 13: Give examples to show that plastics are noncorrosive in nature. Or Why are the chemicals in the laboratory stored in plastic containers? Or Why are plastic containers used to store chemicals in labs?

Answer: Plastics do not react with water and air. They are not corroded easily. That is why they are used to store various kinds of material, including many chemicals.

Question 14: What type of cookware is used in microwave oven and why?

Answer: Special plastic cookware is used in microwave ovens for cooking food. In microwave ovens, the heat cooks the food but does not affect the plastic vessel.

Question 15: How is plastic useful in healthcare industry?

Answer: Plastics find extensive use in the health-care industry. Some examples of their use are the packaging of tablets, threads used for stitching wounds, syringes, doctors’ gloves and a number of medical instruments.

Question 16: Why is melamine used for making floor tiles, kitchenware and fabrics which resist fire?

Answer: Melamine is a versatile material. It resists fire and can tolerate heat better than other plastics. It is used for making floor tiles, kitchenware and fabrics which resist fire.

Question 17: Why electrical wires have plastic covering, and handles of screw drivers are made of plastic?

Ans. Plastics are poor conductors of heat and electricity. That is why electrical wires have plastic covering, and handles of screw drivers are made of plastic.

Question 18: Why should recycled plastic not be used for the storage of food? Or Why is recycled plastic not suitable for storage of food items? Or Can recycled plastics be used in food containers? Why or why not?

Answer: Most of the thermoplastics can be recycled. However, during recycling certain colouring agents are added. This limits its usage especially for storage of food.

Question 19: Why plastic finds such a variety of uses?

Answer: The fact is that plastic is easily mouldable i.e. can be shaped in any form. Plastic can be recycled, reused, coloured, melted, rolled into sheets or made into wires. That is why it finds such a variety of uses.

Question 20: Should the handle and bristles of a tooth brush be made of the same material? Explain your answer.

Answer: The handle and bristle of a toothbrush should not be made of same material as the handle of the toothbrush should be hard and strong while the bristle should be soft and flexible.

Question 21: List the characteristics of synthetic fibres which make them popular dress materials. Or What are characteristics of synthetic Fibres? Or Mention the general characteristics of synthetic plastics.

Answer: Synthetic fibres possess unique characteristics which make them popular dress materials. They dry up quickly, are durable, less expensive, readily available and easy to maintain.

Question 22: Rana wants to buy shirts for summer. Should he buy cotton shirts or shirts made from synthetic material? Advise Rana, giving your reason.

Answer: Rana should buy cotton shirts for summer because cotton absorbs sweats away from the body and helps eliminate moisture buildup between clothes and skin in order to keep the body dry.

Question 23: How is rayon made? Write two advantages of using rayon. Or What are the advantages of artificial silk over natural silk?

Answer: Rayon is obtained by chemical treatment of wood pulp.

Advantages of Rayon are:

• It is cheaper than silk and can be woven like silk fibres.
• It can also be dyed in a wide variety of colours.

Question 24:  Explain why the following are made of thermosetting plastics.

(a) Saucepan handles

(b) Electric plugs/switches/plug boards

Answer: (a) Saucepan handles are made of thermosetting plastics because it is a poor conductor of heat.

(b) Electric plugs/switches/plug boards are made of thermosetting plastics because it is a poor conductor of heat and electricity.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1: Explain why some fibres are called synthetic.

Answer: Some fibres are called synthetic because they are made by human beings by chemical processing.  Such fibre is made up of small units that join together to form long chains. Each small unit is actually a chemical substance.

Question 2: Give three advantages of polythene over natural materials.

Answer: Three advantages of polythene over natural materials are:

• It is light, strong and durable.
• It can be rolled into sheets.
• It does not react with water and air.

Question 4: ‘Manufacturing synthetic fibres is actually helping conservation of forests’. Comment

Answer: Natural fibres are obtained from plants and animals, which means cutting off lots of trees. This leads to deforestation. But synthetic fibres are obtained by chemical processing of petrochemicals and hence help in conservation of forests.

Question 5:  What properties of plastics make them so useful?

Answer: Characteristic properties of plastics as follows

• Plastic is non-reactive
• Plastic is light, strong and durable
• Plastics are poor conductors

Question 6:  Why is a plastic bucket preferred over an iron bucket?

Answer: Plastic bucket preferred over an iron bucket because

Question 7:  What are some uses of nylon?

Answer: Uses of Nylon

• Nylon is used to make articles such as socks, ropes, tents, toothbrushes, car seat belts, sleeping bags, curtains etc.
• It is also used for making parachutes and ropes for rock climbing.

Question 8:  Why is acrylic fibre more popular than wool?

Answer: Acrylic fibre is more popular than wool because

• Clothes made from acrylic are relatively cheaper.
• They are available in a variety of colours.
• Synthetic fibres are more durable.

Question 9: Name two polyester fabrics and write their uses.

Answer:   Terylene is a popular polyester. It can be drawn into very fine fibres that can be woven like any other yarn.

PET is a very familiar form of polyester. It is used for making bottles, utensils, films, wires and many other useful products.

Question 10: Why should we not wear synthetic clothes while working in in the kitchen or in a laboratory?

Answer: Synthetic fibres melt on heating. If the clothes catch fire, it can be disastrous. The fabric melts and sticks to the body of the person wearing it. We should, therefore, not wear synthetic clothes while working in in the kitchen or in a laboratory.

Question 11: Differentiate between natural and synthetic fibres.

Answer: Difference between natural and synthetic fibres

Question 12: “Even though plastics are very useful, they are not environment friendly.” Justify the statement.

Answer: Since plastic takes several years to decompose, it is not environment friendly. It causes environmental pollution. Besides, the burning process in the synthetic material is quite slow and it does not get completely burnt easily. In the process it releases lots of poisonous fumes into the atmosphere causing air pollution.

Question 13: ‘Avoid plastics as far as possible’. Comment on this advice.

Answer: Since plastic takes several years to decompose, it is not environment friendly. It causes environmental pollution. Besides, the burning process in the synthetic material is quite slow and it does not get completely burnt easily. In the process it releases lots of poisonous fumes into the atmosphere causing air pollution. Thus, we should avoid plastic as far as possible.

Question 14: Suggest some ways to solve plastic pollution. Or How can pollution due to plastics be solved?

Answer: Ways to solve plastic pollution

• The biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes should be collected separately and disposed off separately.
• Recycle the plastic waste.

Question 15: Explain the difference between the thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics.

  Question 16: Why we should not throw polybags in the water bodies or on the road?

Answer: We should not throw polybags in the water bodies or on the road because:

• Cow while eating garbage waste food items swallow the polythene bags and wrappers of food. The plastic material chokes the respiratory system of these animals, or forms a lining in their stomachs and can be the cause of their death.
• The polybags carelessly thrown here and there are responsible for clogging the drains, too.

Question 17: Categorise the materials of the following products into ‘can be recycled’ and ‘cannot be recycled’: Telephone instruments, plastic toys, cooker handles, carry bags, ball point pens, plastic bowls, plastic covering on electrical wires, plastic chairs, electrical switches.

Question 18: Describe an activity to show that thermoplastic is a poor conductor of electricity.

Answer: In order to show that thermoplastic is a poor conductor of electricity, we will design a circuit. For that, we need a bulb, some wires, a battery, a piece of metal and a plastic pipe. After switching on the current, the bulb glows in the former case. In the latter case, the bulb does not glow. Hence a plastic pipe (which is a thermoplastic) is shown to be a poor conductor of electricity.

Question 19: Differentiate between biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials.

Answer: Difference between biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials

At Study Path, you can also learn more about Class 8 Science Chapter 3 Synthetic Fibres and Plastics by accessing the free exhaustive list of study materials and resources related to the chapter such as NCERT Solutions, Notes, Important Questions, and MCQ.

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• CBSE Important Questions
• Important Questions For Class 8 Science

CBSE Important Questions for Class 8 Science

CBSE Important Questions for Class 8 Science help students face the exams confidently. As the exam nears, they should complete the syllabus and start with the revision. The CBSE Important Questions for Class 8 Science will help them revise the subject quickly. Here, we have compiled the important questions for all the chapters of the CBSE Class 8 Science subject. By solving them, students will understand the types of questions asked in the exam. All types of questions are provided for students’ practice from basic to high level. CBSE Class 8 Science is a fascinating subject and includes interesting topics, thus providing basic knowledge about light, current, force, human beings, etc. Solving these CBSE Class 8 Science Important Questions is the best way to revise the major concepts of the subject.

The subject experts created the questions based exclusively from the exam perspective. Students must start solving them at least 20 days before the annual exam. By doing so, they will be able to analyse their weak areas and work on them. Practising the CBSE Important Questions will improve their performance and overall score in CBSE Class 8 Science exam.

There is a total of 18 chapters in NCERT Class 8 Science book. In the table below, we have provided the Important Questions for CBSE Class 8 Science for all the chapters. We have also included all types of questions, i.e. very short, short and long answers. These questions will cover all the crucial topics and the CBSE Class 8 Science syllabus.

How to Practise the CBSE Class 8 Science Important Questions

• Practise the question of a particular chapter in one go.
• Refrain from looking for the answer while solving the questions.
• Allocate a time duration for solving the questions and try to finish it accordingly.
• After completing all the questions, do a self-evaluation.
• Go through those questions again that could not be solved.

We, at BYJU’S, also provide other study materials such as CBSE Class 8 Science sample papers , notes, exemplars, solutions, etc.

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• Class 8 Science Important Questions with Answers

CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter wise Important Questions - Free PDF Download

Class 8 Science is a very crucial subject that needs proper attention from the students. Preparing all the chapters in this subject will help students to boost their overall scores in the exams. This is where students will need the assistance of Class 8 Science Important Questions with Answers PDF for all chapters. Apart from the exercises, these important questions can boost the preparation of the students. The experts have solved all these questions to assist in preparing this subject properly.

If you are currently studying in Class 8 , consider it one of your school life milestones as you start entering into in-depth studies related to Science. You need to solve Class 8 Science’s important questions apart from studying the Science book in such a scenario. You can expect your syllabus to comprise different aspects of scientific studies. The question papers with the solution can be the best support for those who are weak in Science or fear facing the challenge of learning complicated concepts of higher-level Science. The NCERT Class 8 Science important questions and their CBSE solutions can act as the students’ study materials.

You can also download NCERT Solution for Class 8 Science and Class 8 Maths to help you to revise complete syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Download CBSE Class 8 Science Important Questions with Answers 2024-25 PDF

Also, check CBSE Class 8 Science Important Questions for chapter-wise PDF for other chapters:

Chapterwise Important Questions for CBSE Class 8 Science

Class 8 Science: Chapter-wise Important Questions

Chapters included in class 8 science ncert book.

As a student, you must know about the chapters included in the Science book of Class 8 NCERT Science book . Moreover, the relevance of some chapters in their everyday life is given here in brief:

Microorganisms: While studying the chapter on microorganisms, you will acquire knowledge regarding life under a microscope. Moreover, here you will understand which are friendly to us and the ones which are not.

Materials and Their Nature: The chapter dealing with materials and their nature is covered in one of the chapters of the Science book. You can read the book and refer to the study materials of Vedantu to understand all about the matter in detail.

Light: A chapter in the Science book for Class 8 deals with the concepts of light. You can understand how light travels and how you can split and converge white light. In the Science book, you can also find the basic experiments that you can do with light. The NCERT Class 8 Science important questions with answers come from this chapter.

Coal and Petroleum: While studying the chapter coal and petroleum, you can know about the mines and get a clear picture of how a mine works. Moreover, you can also know the places in India where the mines are found. The information about the revenue earned by the country from the coal mines is also mentioned in the chapter.

Sound: Sound is another most important chapter which you can study in detail with the NCERT Science book of Class 8. There are different experiments that you can know about from the book. Expect to learn the numerics related to the chapter also.

So, it is clear that the Science book of Class 8 has a combination of the chapters that belong to its main streams like Chemistry, Physics, and Biology.

Solved Examples

Q1. What is the Difference Between a Virus from Other Organisms?

Answer: The main difference between all other microorganisms from a virus is that it grows inside a host cell. All other unicellular organisms grow independently.

Q2. What are the Types of Reproductions that Occur in Living Organisms?

Answer: In all living organisms, there are two types of reproduction such as asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction mainly happens in lower class organisms, where the higher ones reproduce sexually.

Significance of CBSE Class 8 Science Important Questions with Answers PDF

There are 18 chapters included in the Class 8 Science syllabus that covers vivid topics related to pollution, astronomy, light, natural phenomena, sound, force, friction, etc. These chapters need the highest attention from the students to complete preparing the syllabus. To reinforce the concepts and scientific principles, students can use the Class 8 Science Important Questions with Answers for all chapters.

Class 8 Science Term 2 Important Questions with Solutions have been compiled by following the latest CBSE syllabus to cover all the essential topics in the chapters. These questions are formulated by following the question patterns and formats of the CBSE board . In fact, the solutions are framed in a more straightforward tone so that students can easily comprehend the context behind the questions and can relate to the answers.

These Important Questions for the Class 8 Science Board Exam can be used as an evaluation tool by the students. They can solve the questions once the chapters are completed and compare their answers to the solutions. This way, they can spot the gaps in the preparations and focus on the important sections of the chapters further.

Advantages of CBSE Class 8 Science Important Questions with Answers for Board Exam

The questions have been compiled for individual chapters. Hence, the list contains separate files dedicated to all the chapters. It will become easier for the students to find the files and add them to their practice sessions.

The solutions provided with the questions are framed in a comprehensive way so that students can memorize them easily and recall them during the exams to score more.

Resolving doubts will be much easier when you have the Class 8 Science Important Questions with Answers PDF in your hands. Refer to the solutions and clarify your queries instantly to proceed with your preparation.

Follow the standard answering format of the solutions to keep your answers at par with the CBSE Class 8 standards and score more.

CBSE Class 8 Science Study Materials

Other cbse class 8 important questions related links.

The Class 8 Science Important Questions with Answers provided by Vedantu offer valuable insights in simple language. These resources aim to enhance understanding and retention of key scientific concepts among students. By presenting essential questions and providing clear, concise answers, Vedantu helps learners grasp fundamental principles effectively. The emphasis on simplicity ensures that students can easily comprehend complex topics, fostering a strong foundation in science.

Get the free PDF version of these questions and solutions for all the chapters. Practice answering these questions and develop your concepts better. Learn how to attempt to answer such fundamental questions by following the solutions and gaining confidence to stay ahead of the competition.

FAQs on Class 8 Science Important Questions with Answers

1. What is the relevance of practising extra questions of Class 8 Science?

Ans: You can enjoy a lot of perks while solving more questions that are generally available on the Vedantu website. It can help you write different answers for a common question as per the right concept that can fetch good marks. The best you can do is consult with the experts of Vedantu and go through the papers available on their site. Moreover, the Vedantu question papers can help you to revise a chapter after completion. Mostly, you can enhance the language and presentation style of the answers while solving the papers. Make sure to draw the diagrams wherever needed as it can boost up the chances of getting marks.

2. Why is it important to find CBSE question papers for preparing a Science chapter, and where can we get them?

Ans: You should always get the CBSE question papers for solving as it can help you know the examination pattern. So, you can get questions in a familiar language while facing the examination. You can visit the site of Vedantu and get all the question papers. There are links where you can click and see the questions based on years. Remember to pick up random question papers from the Vedantu site and solve it multiple times in the intervals of short periods. Access to the question papers is free and you can easily download the pdf versions from the site.

3. What are the chapters included in the NCERT book of Class 8 Science?

Ans: The NCERT book of Class 8 Science consists of the following chapters:

Chapter 1–Crop Production and Management

Chapter 2 –Microorganisms: Friend or Foe

Chapter 3–Synthetic Fibres and Plastics

Chapter 4–Materials: Metals and Non-Metals

Chapter 5–Coal and Petroleum

Chapter 6–Combustion and Flame

Chapter 7–Conservation of Animals and Plants

Chapter 8 - Cell- Functions and Structure

Chapter 9–Reproduction in Animals

Chapter 10–Reaching the Age of Adolescence

Chapter 11–Force and Pressure

Chapter 12–Friction

Chapter 13–Sound

Chapter 14–Chemical Effects of Electric CurrentChapter 15–Some Natural Phenomena

Chapter 16 - Light

Chapter 17–Star and The Solar System

Chapter 18–Pollution of Water and Air

4. How can I develop the best study plan for Class 8 Science?

Ans: To develop the best study plan for Class 8 Science obey the given points:

Managing time is very important. Therefore, create a timetable so that you can focus on every chapter.

Use the NCERT book for reading the chapters as the content of the book is prepared by professionals.

Take the help of Vedantu’s website for downloading the important questions of all the chapters.

Work out on the sample papers and previous years question papers to have a strong grip on the topics.

5. What is the method that students follow to download the important questions of Class 8 Science?

Ans: Beneath are the steps that will be helpful in downloading the important questions of Class 8 Science:

Visit the link of Important Questions for CBSE Class 8 Science, Chapter wise Solutions - Free PDF Download.

As the link will open, the official page of Vedantu will appear on the screen of your device.

This official page will provide you with the list of the chapters of Class 8 Science.

Select the chapter you want to download for the important questions.

Then hit on the “Download PDF” option.

The important questions will get downloaded in PDF format.

6. What are the benefits of downloading and studying important questions of Class 8 Science from Vedantu?

Ans: The perks of studying or downloading important questions of Class 8 Science from Vedantu are:

The content is prepared by the subject matter experts.

Important questions of all the chapters are available.

These problems are based on the NCERT syllabus. 

Vedantu allows you to study offline by giving the option to download the important questions.

These important questions are available in the form of PDF files. These solutions are available at free of cost on Vedantu(vedantu.com) and mobile app.

Vedantu also allows you to ask your doubts through online chat.

7. How to achieve good results in Class 8 Science?

Ans: Below are the points which will help students in getting a good result in Class 8 Science:

To start with your preparation, first know about your syllabus.

Study every chapter from the NCERT book.

Make use of mock tests and previous years sample papers to get a hint about the exam pattern.

Have a habit of writing. This will improve your writing speed and help you to learn things faster.

While giving the exam, try to solve those questions first whose answer you know.

8. What is the most important chapter in science class 8?

Cell Structure and Function: This lays the groundwork for understanding living organisms.

Chemical Reactions and Equations: Understanding chemical reactions is crucial for various scientific concepts.

Light: This chapter forms the basis for understanding optics and other phenomena.

9. How to get 100 marks in science class 8?

While aiming for a perfect score is commendable, the focus should be on thorough understanding rather than just marks. However, here are some tips that might help:

Grasp concepts deeply: Don't just memorize facts, strive to understand the "why" behind them.

Practice consistently: Regularly solve problems, answer practice questions, and revise concepts.

Pay attention in class: Actively participate, ask questions, and clarify doubts with your teacher.

Manage time effectively: Create a study plan, schedule revisions, and avoid last-minute cramming.

10. Class 8 is very important?

Class 8 acts as a bridge between the foundational concepts learned in earlier grades and the more complex topics introduced in higher classes. It's crucial for building a strong foundation in Science and other subjects.

11. How to top in science exam class 8?

While "topping" isn't the only measure of success, here are some strategies:

Follow the tips mentioned above to get high marks.

Focus on understanding the exam format and marking scheme.

Practice mock tests and previous year papers to manage time and get familiar with the question pattern.

Seek help from teachers or tutors if you face any difficulties.

Important Questions for CBSE Class 8

Cbse class 8 study materials, home tuitions in india.

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• School Education /

NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 3 ‘Coal and Petroleum’: Notes and Solutions (Free PDF)

• Updated on  
• Mar 7, 2024

Well-written and organised notes play a key aspect in the learning process. When it comes to revision, then also notes are our saviour. Seeing the importance of the same, in this bog on NCERT Solutions and Notes Class 8 Science Chapter 3: Coal and Petroleum,  we have provided summarised notes of the chapter. These will help you ace your exams and can also be used for quick revision. Let’s explore this blog. 

Download the NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 3 Solutions PDF Here!

Table of Contents

• 1.1 Types of Resources
• 2.1 Formation of Coal and its Types
• 2.2 Types of Coal
• 3.1 Formation of Petroleum
• 3.2 Refining of Petroleum
• 3.3 Constituents of petroleum along with their uses
• 3.4 Natural Gas
• 3.5 Limitations of Fossil Fuels
• 4 Important Definitions in NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 3 Coal and Petroleum
• 5 NCERT Solutions of Class 8 Science Chapter 3 Coal and Petroleum

Explore all the Chapters of Class 8 Science:

Class 8 Science Chapter 3 Coal and Petroleum Notes

Let’s explore the summarised notes of all of Class 8 Science Chapter 3 Coal and Petroleum. Herein, are the notes where our experts have tried and explained all the major topics in short and simple sentences for you to understand easily.

Types of Resources

Resources that are obtained from nature are known as natural resources . This includes air, wood, water, soil, etc. Now, based on the availability of these resources in nature, natural resources are classified into two types:-

• Inexhaustible Natural Resources:- These resources are present in unlimited quantities and are unlikely to get exhausted by human activities. Example:- sunlight, air, etc. 
• Exhaustible Natural Resources:- These resources are present in limited amounts and can be exhausted by human activities. Examples:- forests, wildlife, minerals, coal, petroleum, natural gas etc.

Coal and Petroleum are formed from the dead remains of living organisms which are known as fossils, hence, they are known as Fossil Fuels .

Also Read:- Types of Water Pollution

Class 8 Science Chapter 3 Coal and Petroleum Notes: Coal

Coal is one of the fossil fuels and is hard a stone and is dark in colour. It comes under the category of exhaustible natural resources. It is used as fuel in various industries such as thermal power plants, earlier it was used in steam engines and even to cook food.

Formation of Coal and its Types

Here is how coal is formed: 

• About 300 million years ago the earth had dense forests in low-lying wetland areas.
• These forests got buried under the soil due to natural processes, like flooding.
• More soil got deposited over them and they got buried deep under it. 
• As they continued to sink, they got more compressed and the temperature started to rise.
• Now, under the effect of this high temperature and pressure, they slowly got converted to coal.

This process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal, which is mainly carbon, is known as carbonisation . Now, some products are produced by processing coal such as coke, coal-tar, coal gas, etc. Let’s have a look at them.

Also Read:- What is a Natural Disaster?

Types of Coal

Now, let us learn about different types of coal:

• It is a porous, tough, and black substance.
• It is almost a pure form of carbon.
• Coke is used in the manufacture of steel and the extraction of many metals.

2. Coal Tar

• It is a thick black liquid that is a mixture of 200 substances and has an unpleasant smell.
• Naphthalene balls are obtained from coal tar.
• The products of coal tar are used in the manufacturing of several daily-use as well as industry products such as dyes, drugs, explosives, perfumes, plastics, paints, photographic materials, roofing materials, etc

3. Coal Gas

• It is obtained during the processing of coal to get coke.
• It is used as a fuel in many industries that are situated near the coal processing plant.

Class 8 Science Chapter 3 Coal and Petroleum Notes: Petroleum

Petroleum is derived from the word “petra” meaning “rock” and “oleum” meaning “oil”. It is one of the fossil fuels and is obtained by mining between the rocks from under the Earth. Petrol and diesel are obtained from it. Petrol is used to run light motor vehicles such as motorcycles, scooters, and cars and diesel is used to run heavy motor vehicles such as trucks, tractors, etc. 

Formation of Petroleum

Let us look at how petroleum was formed:

• It was formed from sea organisms.
• When the sea organisms died, they settled at the bottom of the sea. 
• Over time they got covered with layers of sand and clay. 
• Due to the high pressure, absence of air and high temperature, they slowly got converted into petroleum and natural gas. 

Refining of Petroleum

Petroleum is a dark-coloured liquid with an unpleasant smell that is a mixture of many substances such as petroleum gas, petrol, diesel, lubricating oil, paraffin wax, etc.

The process of separation of various constituents/fractions of petroleum is known as petroleum refining and is carried out in a petroleum refinery . 

Constituents of petroleum along with their uses

In the table below, there are mentioned different constituents of petroleum along with their respective uses:

Natural Gas

Here are the key features of natural gas:

• It is an important fossil fuel.
• Its transport is easy and done via pipes.
• It is stored under high pressure as compressed natural gas (CNG).
• There are many uses of natural gas ranging from being used as fuel for power generation to being used as a fuel for light motor vehicles.
• It is a much cleaner fuel.
• Natural gas is also used as a starting material for the manufacture of a number of chemicals and fertilisers.
• In our country, natural gas has been found in Tripura, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and in the Krishna Godavari delta.

Limitations of Fossil Fuels

Here are some limitations of fossil fuels:

• Some natural resources are exhaustible like fossil fuels, forests, minerals etc.
• The known reserves of fossil fuels will last only a few hundred years.
• Their use is also linked to global warming.
• It is therefore necessary that we use these fuels only when necessary. This will result in a better environment, a smaller risk of global warming and their availability for a longer period.

In India, the Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) advises people on how to save petrol/diesel while driving. Their tips are mentioned below:-

• Drive at a constant and moderate speed as far as possible.
• Switch off the engine at traffic lights or at a place where you have to wait.
• Ensure correct tyre pressure.
• Ensure regular maintenance of the vehicle.

Also Read:- Essay on Global Warming

Important Definitions in NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 3 Coal and Petroleum

Here are the important definitions in Class 8 Science Chapter 3 Coal and Petroleum.

• Natural Resources: Resources that are obtained from nature are known as natural resources.
• Inexhaustible Natural Resources: These resources are present in unlimited quantities and are unlikely to get exhausted by human activities. Example:- sunlight, air, etc. 
• Exhaustible Natural Resources: These resources are present in limited amounts and can be exhausted by human activities. Examples:- forests, wildlife, minerals, coal, petroleum, natural gas etc.
• Fossil Fuels: Coal and Petroleum are formed from the dead remains of living organisms which are known as fossils, hence, they are known as fossil fuels.
• Petroleum Refining: The process of separation of various constituents/fractions of petroleum is known as petroleum refining and is carried out in a petroleum refinery. 

Explore NCERT Solutions of all Chapters of Class 8 Science:

NCERT Solutions of Class 8 Science Chapter 3 Coal and Petroleum

Let us now explore NCERT Solutions of Class 8 Science Chapter 3 to get answers to all writing questions in the lesson Coal and Petroleum.

Exercise Questions

1. What are the advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels?

The advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels are as follows:

• CNG and LPG are much cleaner fuels and they cause less pollution and do not release smoke when burnt.
• CNG and LPG both burn easily.
• CNG and LPG can be transported easily through pipelines as compressed and liquified gases.
• CNG and LPG give a lot of heat energy when burnt and can be directly used for burning at home or in industries.

2. Name the petroleum product used for surfacing of roads.

Bitumen is used for the surfacing of roads.

3. Describe how coal is formed from dead vegetation. What is this process called?

About 300 million years ago the earth had dense forests in low-lying wetland areas. These forests got buried under the soil due to natural processes, like flooding. More soil got deposited over them and they got buried deep under it. As they continued to sink, they got more compressed and the temperature started to rise. Now, under the effect of this high temperature and pressure, this dead vegetation slowly got converted to coal.

This process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal, which is mainly carbon, is known as carbonisation . 

 4. Fill in the blanks.

(a) Fossil fuels are  ____________,  ____________, and ____________ .

(b) The process of separation of different constituents from petroleum is called _____________ .

(c) The least polluting fuel for a vehicle is ______________ .

(a) Fossil fuels Coal , Petroleum , and natural gas .

(b) The process of separation of different constituents from petroleum is called refining .

(c) The least polluting fuel for a vehicle is Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) .

5. Tick True/False against the following statements.

(a) Fossil fuels can be made in the laboratory. (T/F)

(b) CNG is a more polluting fuel than petrol. (T/F)

(c) Coke is the most pure form of carbon. (T/F)

(d) Coal tar is a mixture of various substances. (T/F)

(e) Kerosene is not a fossil fuel. (T/F)

6. Explain why fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources.

The fossil fuels are formed when dead vegetation gets covered with many layers of soil. These get compressed and under high temperatures and pressure, they slowly get converted to fossil fuels. This cannot be carried out artificially as this process takes over millions of years. These fossil fuels are present in limited amounts and will last only a few hundred years making them exhaustible natural resources. It is therefore necessary that we use these fuels only when necessary. This will result in a better environment, a smaller risk of global warming and their availability for a longer period.

7. Describe the characteristics and uses of coke.

Characteristics:

i) Coke is tough.

ii) Coke is porous.

iii) Coke is black.

i) In the manufacturing of steel.

ii) In the extraction of metals (as a reducing agent).

8. Explain the process of the formation of petroleum.

It was formed from the sea organisms. When the sea organisms died, they settled at the bottom of the sea. Over time they got covered with layers of sand and clay. Due to the high pressure, absence of air and high temperature, they slowly got converted into petroleum and natural gas. 

Explore Notes of All subjects of CBSE Class 8:

Petroleum is derived from the word “petra” meaning “rock” and “oleum” meaning “oil”. It is one of the fossil fuels and is obtained by mining between the rocks from under the Earth. Petrol and diesel are obtained from it. 

Coal is one of the fossil fuels and is hard a stone and is dark in colour. It comes under the category of exhaustible natural resources.

The full form of LPG is Liquified Petroleum gas

Follow Leverage Edu for complete study material on CBSE Notes of Class 8 Science

Deepansh Gautam

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Case Study Questions Class 8 Science Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

Case study questions class 8 science chapter 2 microorganisms: friend and foe.

CBSE Class 8 Case Study Questions Science Microorganisms: Friend and Foe. Important Case Study Questions for Class 8 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions Microorganisms: Friend and Foe.

At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study. There will various types of marks will given 1 marks, 2 marks, 3 marks, 4 marks.

CBSE Case Study Questions Class 8 Science Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

Case study 1.

You have seen several kinds ofplants and animals. However,there are other living organismsaround us which we normally cannotsee. These are called microorganismsor microbes. For example, you mighthave observed that during the rainyseason moist bread gets spoilt and itssurface gets covered with greyish whitepatches. Observe these patches througha magnifying glass. You will see tiny,black rounded structures. Do you knowwhat these structures are and where dothese come from? Waterand soil are full of tiny organisms,though not all of them fall into thecategoryofmicrobes.Thesemicroorganisms or microbes are sosmall in size that they cannot be seenwith the unaided eye. Some of these,such as the fungus that grows on bread,can be seen with a magnifying glass.Others cannot be seen without the helpof a microscope. That is why these arecalled microorganisms or microbes.Microorganisms are classified intofour major groups. These groups arebacteria, fungi, protozoa and somealgae. Viruses are also microscopic but aredifferent from other microorganisms.They, however, reproduce only inside thecells of the host organism, which may bea bacterium, plant or animal. Commonailments like cold, influenza (flu) andmost coughs are caused by viruses.Serious diseases like polio and chickenpox are also caused by viruses.Diseases like dysentery and malariaare caused by protozoa(protozoans)whereas typhoid and tuberculosis (TB)are bacterial diseases.You have learnt about some ofthese microorganisms in Classes VIand VII.Microorganisms may be single-celledlike bacteria, some algae and protozoa,or multicellular, such as many algae andfungi. They live in all types of environments, ranging from ice coldclimate to hot springs; and deserts tomarshy lands. They are also foundinside the bodies of animals includinghumans. Some microorganismsgrow on other organisms while othersexist freely.

Que. 1) ……………………………………………………………………………. only reproduce inside the cells of host organisms like bacteria, plants or animals.

(a) Microbes

(b) Viruses

(d) Bacillus

Que. 2) Which among the following is an example of disease caused by bacteria?

(b) Malaria

(c) Tuberculosis

(d) Covid 19

Que. 3) During rainy season moist bread gets spoilt and are covered with greyish white patches. What are these greyish white patches?

(a) Bacteria

Que. 4) Define microorganisms and state its major groups of classification.

Que. 5) Explain in detail where are microorganisms commonly found.

Que. 1) (b) Viruses

Que. 2) (c) Tuberculosis

Que. 3) (d) Fungus

Que. 4) Answer: Microorganisms are tiny living organisms that cannot be seen with our naked eyes. Microorganisms are classified into four major groups namely bacteria, fungi, protozoa and some algae.

Que. 5) Answer: Microorganisms are present in all types of environments ranging from ice cold climate to hot springs, deserts and marshy lands. They can also be seen inside the bodies of animals. Some microorganisms exist freely and some grow on other organisms.

Case study 2

Microorganisms are used for variouspurposes. They are used in thepreparation of curd, bread and cake.Microorganisms have been used forthe production of alcohol since ages.They are also used in cleaning upof the environment. For example, theorganic wastes (vegetable peels, remainsof animals, faeces, etc.) are brokendown into harmless and usablesubstances by bacteria. Recall thatbacteria are also used in thepreparation of medicines. In agriculturethey are used to increase soil fertilityby fixing nitrogen.You have learnt in Class VII that milk isturned into curd by bacteria.Curd contains several micro-organisms. Of these, the bacterium,Lactobacillus promotes the formationof curd. It multiplies in milk andconverts it into curd. Bacteria are alsoinvolved in the making of cheese,pickles and many other food items. Animportant ingredient of rava (sooji )idlis and bhaturas is curd. Can youguess why? Bacteria and yeast are alsohelpful for fermentation of rice idlisand dosa batter. Kneading of Yeast and sugar into the flour causes the flour to rise and double in size. Yeast reproduces rapidly andproduces carbon dioxide duringrespiration. Bubbles of the gas fill thedough and increase its volume.This is the basis of the use of yeast inthe baking industry for making breads,pastries and cakes.Commercial Use of Microorganisms:Microorganisms are used for the large-scale production of alcohol, wine and acetic acid(vinegar).

Yeast is used for commercialproduction of alcohol and wine. For this purpose, yeast is grown on natural sugarspresent in grains like barley, wheat, rice,crushed fruit juices, etc. Adding a spoon full of yeast powder into sugar solution gives out a characteristic smell after few hours.This is the smell of alcohol as sugarhas been converted into alcohol by yeast.This process of conversion of sugar intoalcohol is known as fermentation.Louis Pasteurdiscoveredfermentationin 1857.

Que. 1) In the process of fermentation the sugar is converted into …………………………………………………………………………………………. .

(a) Vinegar

(d) Alcohol

Que. 2) Name the bacterium which when added to milk, multiplies in it and converts milk into curd?

(a) Lactobacillus

(b) Streptococcus

(c) Salmonella

Que. 3) Louis Pasteur a French chemist in 1857 discovered the process of ……………………………………………………………………………………. ?

(a) Fermentation

(b) Pollination

(c) Saturation

(d) Composting

Que. 4) Explain the process of doubling of flour after addition of yeast into it.

Que. 5) Name some of the common uses of microorganisms.

Que. 1) (d) Alcohol

Que. 2) (a) Lactobacillus

Que. 3) (a) Fermentation

Que. 4) Answer: After adding yeast and sugar into the flour, the yeast reproduces rapidly and produces carbon dioxide during respiration. Bubbles of gas fill the dough and hence the volume of dough is doubled in size.

Que. 5) Answer: Microorganisms are useful in various purposes like in the preparation of curd, bread and cake. It is used in the production of alcohol as well as medicines. These are also used to increase the fertility of soil.

Case study 3

Whenever you fall ill the doctor may give you some antibiotic tablets, capsules or injections such as of penicillin. The source of these medicines is microorganisms. These medicines kill or stop the growth of the disease-causing microorganisms. Such medicines are called antibiotics. These days a number of antibiotics are being produced from bacteria and fungi. Streptomycin, tetracycline and erythromycin are some of thecommonly known antibiotics which are made from fungi and bacteria. The antibiotics are manufactured by growing specific microorganisms and are used to cure a variety of diseases. Antibiotics are even mixed with the feed of livestock and poultry to check microbial infection in animals. They are also used to control many plant diseases.In 1929, Alexander Fleming was working on a culture of disease- causing bacteria. Suddenly he found the spores of a little green mould in one of his culture plates. He observed that the presence of mould prevented the growth of bacteria. In fact, it also killed many of these bacteria. From this the mould penicillin was prepared.When a disease-carrying microbe enters our body, the body produces antibodies to fight the invader. The body also remembers how to fight the microbe if it enters again. If dead or weakened microbes are introduced into a healthy body, the body fights and kills the invading bacteria by producing suitable antibodies. The antibodies remain in the body and we are protected from the disease-causing microbes for ever. This is how a vaccine works. Several diseases, including cholera, tuberculosis, smallpox and hepatitis can be prevented by vaccination.Edward Jenner discovered the vaccine for small- pox in 1798.In your childhood, you must have been given injections to protect yourself against several diseases. Can you prepare a list of these diseases? You may take help from your parents.

It is essential to protect all children against these diseases. Necessary vaccines are available in the nearby hospitals. You might have seen the advertisement on TV and newspapers regarding protection of children against polio under the Pulse Polio Programme. Polio drops given to children are actually a vaccine. A worldwide campaign against smallpox has finally led to its eradication from most parts of the world. These days vaccines are made on a large scale from microorganisms to protect humans and other animals from several diseases.

Que. 1) Which among the following scientist discovered the vaccine for Small pox in 1798?

(a) Edward Jenner

(b) Alexander Fleming

(c) Carl Linnaeus

(d) Rosalind Franklin

Que. 2) When a disease carrying microbe enters our body, the body produces ……………………………………………………………………………… to fight against it.

(a) Soldiers

(b) Antibodies

(c) Viruses

(d) Bacteria

Que. 3) In which year did Alexander Fleming a Scottish Physician discover penicillin?

Que. 4) Define antibiotics and give their uses.

Que. 5) Name some of the diseases that can be prevented by taking vaccination.

Que. 1) (a) Edward Jenner

Que. 2) (b) Antibodies

Que. 3) (d) 1929

Que. 4) Answer: Antibiotics are medicines produced from microorganisms that kill or stop the growth of disease-causing microorganisms. Some common examples include Streptomycin, Tetracycline and erythromycin. They are used to cure a variety of human and plant diseases and also to check microbial infection in animals.

Que. 5) Answer: Some diseases that can be prevented by taking vaccination are Cholera, tuberculosis, smallpox, and hepatitis.

Case study 4

Microorganisms are harmful in manyways. Some of the microorganismscause diseases in human beings, plantsand animals. Such disease-causing microorganisms are called pathogens.Some microorganisms spoil food,clothing and leather. Let us study moreabout their harmful activities.Pathogens enter our body through theair we breathe, the water we drink orthe food we eat. They can also gettransmitted by direct contact with aninfected person or carried by an animal.Microbial diseases that can spread froman infected person to a healthy personthrough air, water, food or physicalcontact are called communicablediseases. Examples of such diseasesinclude cholera, common cold, chickenpox and tuberculosis.When a person suffering fromcommon cold sneezes, fine droplets ofmoisture carrying thousands of virusesare spread in the air. The virus may enterthe body of a healthy person whilebreathing and cause infection.There are some insects and animalswhich act as carriers of disease-causing microbes. Housefly is one suchcarrier. The flies sit on the garbage andanimal excreta. Pathogens stick to theirbodies. When these flies sit on uncoveredfood, they may transfer the pathogens.Whoever eats the contaminated food islikely to get sick. So, it is advisable toalways keep food covered. Avoidconsuming uncovered items of food.Another example of a carrier is thefemale Anopheles mosquito,which carries the parasite of malaria(Plasmodium). Female Aedes mosquitoacts as carrier of dengue virus.How can we control the spread of malariaor dengue?All mosquitoes breed in water. Hence,one should not let water collectanywhere, in coolers, tyres, flower pot,etc. By keeping the surroundings cleanand dry we can prevent mosquitoes frombreeding. Try to make a list of measureswhich help to avoid the spread ofmalaria.Several microorganisms not only causediseases in humans and plants, but alsoin other animals. For example, anthraxis a dangerous human and cattledisease caused by a bacterium. Footand mouth disease of cattle is causedby a virus.RobertKöch(1876)discovered the bacterium(Bacillus anthracis) whichcauses anthrax disease.Severalmicroorganismscausediseases in plants like wheat, rice, potato,sugarcane, orange, apple and others.The diseases reduce the yield of crops. They can be controlled by theuse of certain chemicals which kill themicrobes.

Que. 1) Disease causing microorganisms are called as …………………………………………………………………………………………. .

(a) Antibodies

(b) Macrophages

(c) Pathogens

(d) Eosinophils

Que. 2) Which among the following insect acts as the carrier of dengue virus?

(a) Female Anopheles

(b) Female Aedes

(c) Female Culex

(d) Ochlerotatus

Que. 3) Robert Koch in 1876 discovered the bacterium (Bacillus anthracis) which causes …………………………………………………………………………………….. disease.

(a) Anthrax

(c) Chikungunya

(d) Cholera

Que. 4) Define the term “communicable diseases” with some examples.

Que. 5) How can we control the spread of diseases caused by mosquitoes?

Que. 1) (c) Pathogens

Que. 2) (b) Female Aedes

Que. 3) (a) Anthrax

Que. 4) Answer: Microbial diseases that can spread from an infected person to a healthy person through air, water, food or physical contact are called communicable diseases. Cholera, common cold, chicken pox, and tuberculosis are some of the examples.

Que. 5) Answer: Breeding of mosquitoes occur in water. Therefore, by not letting water to collect in our surroundings like in coolers, tyres, flower pot, etc and keeping the surrounding clean and dry, we can control the spread of such diseases.

Case study 5

How do we preserve cooked foodat home? You know that bread leftunused under moist conditions isattacked by fungus. Microorganismsspoil our food. Spoiled food emits badsmell and has a bad taste and changedcolour. Is spoiling of food a chemicalreaction?Paheli bought some mangoes but shecould not eat them for a few days. Latershe found that they were spoilt androtten. But she knows that the mango picklesthat her grandmother makes does notspoil for a long time. She is confused.Let us study the common methodsof preserving food in our homes. Wehave to save it from the attack ofmicroorganisms.Chemical Method:Salts and edible oils are the commonchemicals generally used to check thegrowth of microorganisms. Therefore, they are called preservatives. We addsalt or acid preservatives to pickles toprevent the attack of microbes. Sodiumbenzoate and sodium metabisulphite arecommon preservatives. These are alsoused in jams and squashes to checktheir spoilage.Preservation by Common Salt:Common salt has been used to preservemeat and fish for ages. Meat and fishare covered with dry salt to checkthe growth of bacteria. Salting is alsoused to preserve amla, raw mangoes,tamarind, etc.Preservation by Sugar:Jams, jellies and squashes are preservedby sugar. Sugar reduces the moisturecontent which inhibits the growth ofbacteria which spoil food.Preservation by Oil and Vinegar:Use of oil and vinegar prevents spoilageof pickles because bacteria cannot livein such an environment. Vegetables,fruits, fish and meat are often preservedby this method.Heat and Cold Treatments: You must have observed your motherboiling milk before it is stored or used.Boiling kills many microorganisms.Similarly, we keep our food in the refrigerator. Low temperature inhibits the growth of microbes.Pasteurised milk can be consumed without boiling as it is free from harmful microbes.

The milk is heated to about 700C for 15 to 30 seconds and then suddenly chilled and stored. By doing so, it prevents the growth of microbes. This process was discovered by Louis Pasteur. It is called pasteurisation. Storage and Packing: These days dry fruits and even vegetables are sold in sealed air tight packets to prevent the attack of microbes.

Que. 1) Which of the following is NOT an example of chemical method of preservation?

(b) Heating

(c) Sodium Benzoate

(d) Sodium Metabisulphite

Que. 2) ………………………………………………………………………………. of milk before storing is done to kill many microorganisms.

(b) Distilling

(d) Boiling

Que. 3) Pasteurisation technique was discovered by which of the following scientist?

(a) Louis Pasteur

(b) Fanny Hesse

(c) Ronald Ross

(d) Harold Ginsberg

Que. 4) Explain the process of Pasteurization in detail.

Que. 5) Name some of the common methods of food preservation at your home.

Que. 1) (b) Heating

Que. 2) (d) Boiling

Que. 3) (a) Louis Pasteur

Que. 4)Answer: In the pasteurisation process the milk is heated to about 700°C for 15 to 30 seconds and then suddenly chilled and stored. This process prevents the growth of microbes.

Que. 5) Answer: Some common methods of preservation include: Adding common salt to pickles, meat and fish. Using sugar as well as oil and vinegar are also some of the preservation methods.

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Case Study Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Microorganisms-Friend and Foe

• Last modified on: 9 months ago
• Reading Time: 6 Minutes

Here we are providing case study questions for CBSE Class 8 science Chapter 2 Microorganisms-Friend and Foe.

Case Study Questions

Question 1:

Daksh lived in delhi and he loves to play football. But as of now his half yearly exams were going on so his mother didn’t allow him to go out and play. She promised Daksh that as soon as his exams are over he can go and play. Post exams he went out to play football with his friends in the park. Suddenly a mosquito bit him under his left knee. He came home and everything was normal that time. The next day his health started getting affected. His Parents rushed him to the doctor. The doctor prescribed some medicines and some medical tests. The next day parents went to the doctor with Daksh’s medical report. In that report the platelet counts were very low. The doctor diagnosed him with Dengue fever. Daksh was hospitalised for some time and followed a strict diet to recover as early as possible. And eventually some days passed and he recovered.

Q. 1. Organisms which cannot be seen by naked eye. (a) Plants (b) Animals (c) Microorganisms (d) None of these

Q. 2. The causative organisms of dengue is (a) Anopheles mosquito (b) Aedes aegypti mosquito (c) Dengue virus (d) None of these

Q. 3. How does dengue virus spread?

Q. 4. Write any three preventive measures for dengue fever.

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