• IEEE Xplore Digital Library
  • IEEE Standards
  • IEEE Spectrum

IEEE Logo

Enjoy your free article from IEEE  Xplore

Thank you for your interest in the IEEE Xplore digital libary! We’re pleased to offer you exclusive free access to a popular IEEE article on artificial intelligence.

This content is just a glimpse of the vast collection of high quality technical research that your team could access with an IEEE Xplore subscription.

Artificial Intelligence in Innovation: How to Spot Emerging Trends and Technologies Published in IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management

Abstract: Firms apply strategic foresight in technology and innovation management to detect discontinuous changes early, to assess their expected consequences, and to develop a future course of action enabling superior company performance. For this purpose, an ever-increasing amount of data has to be collected, analyzed, and interpreted. Still, a major part of these activities is performed manually, which requires high investments in various resources. To support these processes more efficiently, this article presents an artificial-intelligence-based data mining model that helps firms spot emerging topics and trends at a higher level of automation than before. 

Download your free article now!

Fill out the form below to access your free IEEE article and to receive information about IEEE Xplore and related products.

Please enable Javascript to view this form.

Features

Features & Benefits:

For a limited time, IEEE is offering faculty, librarians, and information professionals the opportunity to download four FREE eBooks from two engaging eBooks collections available in the IEEE Xplore Digital Library.

We hope you find these eBooks a valuable resource with critical information on emerging topics for your students and researchers. We encourage you to recommend these eBook collections to your librarian or contact your IEEE sales representative today for more information on how to purchase.

Download Product

Featured Articles, e-Books & Authors

ieee research papers for free

3D Printing Liquid Metal to Create Stretchable Electonic Devices

23 Jan 2019

ieee research papers for free

As 5G Wireless Rolls Out, Experts Look Ahead to 6G

17 Jan 2019

ieee research papers for free

Hand-Tracking Tech Is Taking Self-Driving Cars to the Next Level

ieee research papers for free

29 Dec 2019

ieee research papers for free

11 Nov 2019

Author 1

Frede Blaabjerg

(AALBORG, DENMARK)

Harmonic Stability in Power Electronic Based Power Systems: Concept, Modeling, and Analysis

Author 2

Irith Pomeranz

(INDIANA, US)

Extra Clocking of LFSR Seeds for Improved Path Delay Fault Coverage

Author 3

(DELHI, INDIA)

Performance Enhancement of Edge-AI-Inference Using Commodity MRAM: IoT Case Study

Terms and Conditions

How to Download IEEE Research Papers for Free?

Mohammad Jamiu

Engineering Contents

Read Time 🕠 - 4mins

It’s quite obvious that in today’s information age, access to research papers is crucial for academic and professional success and growth.

However, many research papers, especially those published in IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) journals and conferences, often come with subscription that requires one to pay.

But what if you could access and download these valuable resources for free?

In this article, we will look at how to download IEEE research papers for free.

Table of Contents ↬

Steps on how to download ieee research papers for free, step 1: visit the ieee explore site library.

To kick-start your journey to accessing IEEE research papers for free, the first step is to visit the IEEE Explore Site Library.

Step 2: Search for the Paper Name

Once you’re on the IEEE Explore site, use the search bar to look for the paper you’re interested in.

You can search by the paper’s title, keywords, or the author’s name.

The more specific your search query, the easier it will be to locate your desired paper.

Step 3: Locate the DOI Section

After finding the paper you need, open it and scroll down to locate the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) section.

⚠️ As you can see, access is needed to download the paper - but don’t worry we are going to get it for free.

The DOI is a unique alphanumeric code assigned to each academic paper, making it easy to access the paper online.

Now that you’ve found the DOI, highlight and copy the code.

💡 Though, instead of copying the DOI code, you can also copy the site URL. But we recommend copying the DOI code, as it’s a more direct method.

Step 4: Visit Sci-Hub

To access the IEEE research paper for free, you’ll need to head over to Sci-Hub .

Sci-Hub is a platform that provides free access to millions of research papers, bypassing paywalls and subscription requirements.

It allows one to download not only IEEE research papers for free but also research papers from Wiley, ScienceDirect, Springer and others.

Step 5: Paste the DOI Code

Once you’re on Sci-Hub’s website, you’ll find an available box.

Paste the DOI code you copied from the IEEE Explore site library into this box.

Then, click the “Open” button.

Step 6: Access and Download the Paper

To download the paper, simply click on the “Save” button located on the left side of the screen.

This will initiate the download process, and you’ll have the paper in your possession in no time.

⚠️ While Sci-Hub provides access to research papers without a fee, it’s important to be aware of the ethical considerations surrounding this practice. Researchers and institutions rely on subscription fees to support their work. If you find a paper particularly useful, consider supporting the authors and journals through legal means.
  • Is it legal to use Sci-Hub to access research papers for free? While Sci-Hub provides free access to research papers, it operates in a legal gray area. It’s essential to be aware of the legal implications and ethical considerations in your region.
  • Can I access all IEEE research papers for free using this method? You can access many IEEE research papers through Sci-Hub, but not all papers may be available. Availability depends on various factors, including copyright restrictions.
  • Is there an alternative to Sci-Hub for accessing research papers for free? Yes, some universities and institutions offer open-access repositories where you can find research papers for free. Additionally, you can explore preprint servers and open-access journals.
  • How can I ensure the downloaded papers are of high quality and reliable? To ensure the quality of downloaded papers, check the source and verify the DOI. Additionally, consider using other academic databases and resources for a comprehensive review.
  • Can I share the downloaded papers with others? Sharing downloaded papers should be done in accordance with copyright laws and licensing agreements. Be cautious and respectful of intellectual property rights.

More For You ☄

IEEE Open

The Trusted Solution for Open Access Publishing

Icon: Fully Open Access Journals (Topicals)

Fully Open Access Topical Journals

IEEE offers over 30 technically focused gold fully open access journals spanning a wide range of fields.

Icon: Hybrid Journals

Hybrid Open Access Journals

IEEE offers 180+ hybrid journals that support open access, including many of the top-cited titles in the field. These titles have Transformative Status under Plan S.

Icon: IEEE Access

IEEE Access

The multidisciplinary, gold fully open access journal of the IEEE, publishing high quality research across all of IEEE’s fields of interest.

About IEEE Open

About IEEE Open

Many authors in today’s publishing environment want to make access to research freely available to all reader communities. To help authors gain maximum exposure for their groundbreaking research, IEEE provides a variety of open access options to meet the needs of authors and institutions.

Call for Papers

Call for Papers

Browse our fully open access topical journals and submit a paper.

News & Events

IEEE Announces 6 New Fully Open Access Journals and 3 Hybrid Journals Coming in 2024

IEEE Commits its Entire Hybrid Journal Portfolio to Transformative Journal Status Aligned with Plan S

IEEE and CRUI Sign Three-Year Transformative Agreement to Accelerate Open Access Publishing in Italy

New IEEE Open Access Journals Receive First Impact Factors

ieee research papers for free

IEEE Access, a Multidisciplinary, Open Access Journal

IEEE Access is a multidisciplinary, online-only, gold fully open access journal, continuously presenting the results of original research or development across all IEEE fields of interest. Supported by article processing charges (APCs), its hallmarks are rapid peer review, a submission-to-publication time of 4 to 6 weeks, and articles that are freely available to all readers.

ieee research papers for free

Now On-Demand

How to publish open access with ieee.

This newly published on-demand webinar will provide authors with best practices in preparing a manuscript, navigating the journal submission process, and important tips to help an author get published. It will also review the opportunities authors and academic institutions have to enhance the visibility and impact of their research by publishing in the many open access options available from IEEE.

Register Now

ieee research papers for free

IEEE Publications Dominate Latest Citation Rankings

Each year, the Journal Citation Reports® (JCR) from Web of Science Group examines the influence and impact of scholarly research journals. JCR reveals the relationship between citing and cited journals, offering a systematic, objective means to evaluate the world’s leading journals. The 2022 JCR study, released in June 2023, reveals that IEEE journals continue to maintain rankings at the top of their fields.

Bot image for Web-Search

Download Methods

Web-Search ·

Poe Knowledge

What are the methods to access IEEE papers without any cost?

Bot image for Web-Search

To download IEEE papers for free, you can try the following methods:

Method 1: IEEE Member Digital Library Trial [1]

  • If you are an IEEE member, you can sign up for a free trial of the IEEE Member Digital Library.
  • During the trial, you will have access to all IEEE journal articles and conference proceedings.
  • You can download up to three IEEE articles for free during the trial period.
  • After the trial, you can subscribe to the IEEE Member Digital Library for a monthly fee to continue accessing articles.

Method 2: Sci-Hub [2]

  • Sci-Hub is a website that provides free access to research papers, including IEEE papers.
  • You can access Sci-Hub using different URLs such as http://sci-hub.ee , https://sci-hub.ee , https://sci-hub.st , https://sci-hub.ai , or https://sci-hub.se .
  • Simply visit one of these URLs and enter the title or DOI of the IEEE paper you want to download.
  • Sci-Hub will retrieve the paper for you, and you can download it for free.

Method 3: Using Links [3]

  • For IEEE papers, you can visit the IEEE Xplore website at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org .
  • Search for the paper you want to download and copy the URL of the paper's page.
  • You can then use websites like http://sci-hub.se to paste the paper's URL and download it for free.
  • This method can also be used for papers from other publishers like ScienceDirect, Springer, ACM, and Wiley.

Learn more:

  • IEEE - Try the IEEE Member Digital Library Free for 30 Days
  • sci-hub free ieee paper download | GeneMedi
  • Download Research Papers For Free From IEEE, Springer, ScienceDirect, ACM, Wiley… - Anand

Subscribe to the PwC Newsletter

Join the community, search results for author: ieee, found 68 papers, 11 papers with code, variational neuron shifting for few-shot image classification across domains.

no code implementations • journal 2024 • Liyun Zuo , Baoyan Wang , Lei Zhang , Jun Xu , Member , IEEE , and Xiantong Zhen

Existing meta-learning models learn the ability of learning good representation or model parameters, in order to adapt to new tasks with a few training samples.

ieee research papers for free

Instance Paradigm Contrastive Learning for Domain Generalization

no code implementations • IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 2024 • Zining Chen , Weiqiu Wang , Zhicheng Zhao , Fei Su , Member , IEEE , Aidong Men , and Yuan Dong

In this paper, we propose an instance paradigm contrastive learning framework, introducing contrast between original features and novel paradigms to alleviate domain-specific distractions.

ieee research papers for free

An Ultralightweight Hybrid CNN Based on Redundancy Removal for Hyperspectral Image Classification

no code implementations • IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, 2024 • Xiaohu Ma , Wuli Wang , Member , IEEE

Simultaneously, for PW-Conv, we design a spectral convolution with redundancy removal (R2Spectral-Conv).

ieee research papers for free

Meta Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Task Offloading in Vehicular Edge Computing

no code implementations • TMC 2024 • Penglin Dai , Yaorong Huang , Kaiwen Hu , Xiao Wu , Huanlai Xing , and Zhaofei Yu , Member , IEEE

The objective is to design a unified solution to minimize task execution time under different MTO scenarios.

ieee research papers for free

Ultra-Robust Real-Time Estimation of Gait Phase

no code implementations • IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 2023 • Mohammad Shushtari , Hannah Dinovitzer , Jiacheng Weng , and Arash Arami , Member , IEEE

The estimator is finally tested on a participant walking with an active exoskeleton, demonstrating the robustness of D67 in interaction with an exoskeleton without being trained on any data from the test subject with or without an exoskeleton.

Interaction-Aware Planning With Deep Inverse Reinforcement Learning for Human-Like Autonomous Driving in Merge Scenarios

1 code implementation • journal 2023 • Jiangfeng Nan , Weiwen Deng , Member , IEEE , Ruzheng Zhang , Ying Wang , Rui Zhao , Juan Ding

To consider the interaction factor, the reward function for planning is utilized to evaluate the joint trajectories of the autonomous driving vehicle (ADV) and traffic vehicles.

ieee research papers for free

Spoof Trace Disentanglement for generic face antispoofing

no code implementations • journal 2023 • Yaojie Liu and Xiaoming Liu , Member , IEEE

Yet, it is a challenging task due to the diversity of spoof attacks and the lack of ground truth for spoof traces.

ieee research papers for free

Bio-Inspired Feature Selection in Brain Disease Detection via an Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm

no code implementations • IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT, 2022 • Wenyu Yu , Hui Kang , Geng Sun , Member , Shuang Liang , and Jiahui Li , Student Member , IEEE

Finally, the proposed ISSA is utilized to solve the objective function.

ieee research papers for free

VCI-LSTM: Vector Choquet Integral-based Long Short-Term Memory

no code implementations • IEEE 2022 • Mikel Ferrero-Jaurrieta , Zdenko Taka ́cˇ , Javier Ferna ́ndez , Member , IEEE , Lˇubom ́ıra Horanska ́ , Grac ̧aliz Pereira Dimuro , Susana Montes , Irene D ́ıaz and Humberto Bustince , Fellow , IEEE.

Choquet integral is a widely used aggregation oper- ator on one-dimensional and interval-valued information, since it is able to take into account the possible interaction among data.

ieee research papers for free

Lightweight Deep Neural Network for Joint Learning of Underwater Object Detection and Color Conversion

no code implementations • journal 2022 • Chia-Hung Yeh , Chu-Han Lin , Li-Wei Kang , Member , Chih-Hsiang Huang , Min-Hui Lin , Chuan-Yu Chang , and Chua-Chin Wang , Senior Member , IEEE

Li-Wei Kang is with the Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (e-mail: lwkang@ntnu. edu. tw).

Topology Change Aware Data-Driven Probabilistic Distribution State Estimation Based on Gaussian Process

no code implementations • IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2022 • Di Cao , Member , Junbo Zhao , Weihao Hu , Senior Member , Qishu Liao , Qi Huang , Zhe Chen , Fellow , IEEE

Abstract—This paper addresses the distribution system state estimation (DSSE) with unknown topology change.

ieee research papers for free

STMGCN: Mobile Edge Computing-Empowered Vessel Trajectory Prediction Using Spatio-Temporal Multigraph Convolutional Network

no code implementations • IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 2022 • Ryan Wen Liu , Maohan Liang , Jiangtian Nie , Yanli Yuan , Zehui Xiong , Member , IEEE , Han Yu

—The revolutionary advances in machine learning and data mining techniques have contributed greatly to the rapid developments of maritime Internet of Things (IoT).

Coverage Control Algorithm for DSNs Based on Improved Gravitational Search

no code implementations • IEEE Sensors Journal 2022 • Yindi Yao , Huanmin Liao , Xiong Li , Student Member , IEEE , Feng Zhao , Xuan Yang , and Shanshan Hu

—In directional sensor networks (DSNs), coverage control is an important way to ensure efficient communication and reliable data transmission.

High-order Correlation Preserved Incomplete Multi-view Subspace Clustering

3 code implementations • IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 2022 • Zhenglai Li , Chang Tang , Xiao Zheng , Xinwang Liu , Senior Member , Wei zhang , Member , IEEE , and En Zhu

Specifically, multiple affinity matrices constructed from the incomplete multi-view data are treated as a thirdorder low rank tensor with a tensor factorization regularization which preserves the high-order view correlation and sample correlation.

ieee research papers for free

A GAN-Based Short-Term Link Traffic Prediction Approach for Urban Road Networks Under a Parallel Learning Framework

no code implementations • IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2022 • Junchen Jin , Member , IEEE , Dingding Rong , Tong Zhang , Qingyuan Ji , Haifeng Guo , Yisheng Lv , Xiaoliang Ma , and Fei-Yue Wang

This paper proposes a short-term traffic speed prediction approach, called PL-WGAN, for urban road networks, which is considered an important part of a novel parallel learning framework for traffic control and operation.

ieee research papers for free

Shallow Network Based on Depthwise Over-Parameterized Convolution for Hyperspectral Image Classification

no code implementations • 1 Dec 2021 • Hongmin Gao , Member , Zhonghao Chen , Student Member , IEEE , Chenming Li

Therefore, this letter proposes a shallow model for HSIC, which is called depthwise over-parameterized convolutional neural network (DOCNN).

Distributed Differential Evolution Based on Adaptive Mergence and Split for Large-Scale Optimization

1 code implementation • IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 2021 • Yinglan Feng , Liang Feng , Senior Member , Sam Kwong , and Kay Chen Tan , Fellow , IEEE

In this way, the number of subpopulations is adaptively adjusted and better performing subpopulations obtain more individuals.

Double Deep Q-learning Based Real-Time Optimization Strategy for Microgrids

no code implementations • 27 Jul 2021 • Hang Shuai , Xiaomeng Ai , Jiakun Fang , Wei Yao , Senior Member , Jinyu Wen , Member , IEEE

It is challenging to solve this kind of stochastic nonlinear optimization problem.

ieee research papers for free

A Novel Deep Learning Method for Thermal to Annotated Thermal-Optical Fused Images

no code implementations • 13 Jul 2021 • Suranjan Goswami , IEEE Student Member , Satish Kumar Singh , Senior Member , Bidyut B. Chaudhuri , Life Fellow , IEEE

As a part of this work, we also present a new and unique database for obtaining the region of interest in thermal images based on an existing thermal visual paired database, containing the Region of Interest on 5 different classes of data.

Deep Learning Based Autonomous Vehicle Super Resolution DOA Estimation for Safety Driving

no code implementations • IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2021 • Liangtian Wan , Yuchen Sun , Lu Sun , Member , Zhaolong Ning , Senior Member , and Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues , Fellow , IEEE

Abstract— In this paper, a novel system architecture including a massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) or a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and multiple autonomous vehicles is considered in vehicle location systems.

ieee research papers for free

Content-Preserving Image Stitching with Piecewise Rectangular Boundary Constraints

no code implementations • IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 2021 • Yun Zhang , Yu-Kun Lai , and Fang-Lue Zhang , Member , IEEE

By analyzing the irregular boundary, we construct a piecewise rectangular boundary.

ieee research papers for free

Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Optimization for IRS Based UAV-NOMA Downlink Networks

no code implementations • 17 Jun 2021 • Shiyu Jiao , Ximing Xie , Zhiguo Ding , Fellow , IEEE

This paper investigates the application of deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) to intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) based unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) downlink networks.

Detailed Primary and Secondary Distribution System Model Enhancement Using AMI Data

no code implementations • 29 May 2021 • Karen Montano-Martinez , Sushrut Thakar , Shanshan Ma , Zahra Soltani , Student Member , Vijay Vittal , Life Fellow , Mojdeh Khorsand , Raja Ayyanar , Senior Member , Cynthia Rojas , Member , IEEE

Reliable and accurate distribution system modeling, including the secondary network, is essential in examining distribution system performance with high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs).

ieee research papers for free

Context-aware taxi dispatching at city-scale using deep reinforcement learning

no code implementations • IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2021 • Zhidan Liu , Jiangzhou Li , and Kaishun Wu , Member , IEEE

Abstract— Proactive taxi dispatching is of great importance to balance taxi demand-supply gaps among different locations in a city.

Low-Complexity Symbol Detection and Interference Cancellation for OTFS System

no code implementations • 期刊 2021 • Huiyang Qu , Guanghui Liu , Lei Zhang , Shan Wen , Graduate Student Member , and Muhammad Ali Imran , Senior Member , IEEE

Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) is a two-dimensional modulation scheme realized in the delay- Doppler domain, which targets the robust wireless transmissions in high-mobility environments.

Multi-Scale and Multi-Direction GAN for CNN-Based Single Palm-V ein Identification

no code implementations • IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY 2021 • Huafeng Qin , Mounim A. El-Y acoubi , Y a n t a o L i , Member , IEEE , and Chongwen Liu

Despite recent advances of deep neural networks in hand vein identification, the existing solutions assume the availability of a large and rich set of training image samples.

Joint Trajectory and Power Allocation Design for Secure Artificial Noise Aided UAV Communications

no code implementations • journals 2021 • Milad Tatar Mamaghani , Graduate Student Member , and Yi Hong , Senior Member , IEEE

This paper investigates an average secrecy rate (ASR) maximization problem for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) enabled wireless communication system, wherein a UAV is employed to deliver confidential information to a ground destination in the presence of a terrestrial passive eavesdropper.

A 510-nW Wake-Up Keyword-Spotting Chip Using Serial-FFT-Based MFCC and Binarized Depthwise Separable CNN in 28-nm CMOS

no code implementations • journal 2021 • Weiwei Shan , Minhao Yang , Tao Wang , Yicheng Lu , Hao Cai , Lixuan Zhu , Jiaming Xu , Chengjun Wu , Longxing Shi , Senior Member , and Jun Yang , Member , IEEE

We propose a sub-µW always-ON keyword spotting (µKWS) chip for audio wake-up systems.

ieee research papers for free

Data-Driven Assisted Chance-Constrained Energy and Reserve Scheduling with Wind Curtailment

no code implementations • 2 Nov 2020 • Xingyu Lei , Student Member , Zhifang Yang , Member , Junbo Zhao , Juan Yu , Senior Member , IEEE

Case studies performed on the PJM 5-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of accurately accounting the influence of wind curtailment dispatch in CCO.

Systems and Control Systems and Control

CRPN-SFNet: A High-Performance Object Detector on Large-Scale Remote Sensing Images

no code implementations • 28 Oct 2020 • QiFeng Lin , Jianhui Zhao , Gang Fu , and Zhiyong Yuan , Member , IEEE

Extensive experiments on the public Dataset for Object deTection in Aerial images data set indicate that our CRPN can help our detector deal the larger image faster with the limited GPU memory; meanwhile, the SFNet is beneficial to achieve more accurate detection of geospatial objects with wide-scale range.

Frame-wise Cross-modal Matching for Video Moment Retrieval

1 code implementation • 22 Sep 2020 • Haoyu Tang , Jihua Zhu , Meng Liu , Member , IEEE , Zan Gao , Zhiyong Cheng

Another contribution is that we propose an additional predictor to utilize the internal frames in the model training to improve the localization accuracy.

ieee research papers for free

Attention Transfer Network for Nature Image Matting

1 code implementation • IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 2020 • Fenfen Zhou , Yingjie Tian , Member , IEEE , and Zhiquan Qi

Then, we introduce a scale transfer block to magnify the feature maps without adding extra information.

ieee research papers for free

A New Multiple Source Domain Adaptation Fault Diagnosis Method between Different Rotating Machines

no code implementations • TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMA TICS 2020 • un Zhu , Nan Chen , Member , IEEE , and Changqing Shen

To solve this issue, transfer learning is proposed by leveraging knowl- edge learned from source domain to target domain.

ieee research papers for free

Learning Person Re-identification Models from Videos with Weak Supervision

no code implementations • 21 Jul 2020 • Xueping Wang , Sujoy Paul , Dripta S. Raychaudhuri , Min Liu , Yaonan Wang , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury , Fellow , IEEE

In order to cope with this issue, we introduce the problem of learning person re-identification models from videos with weak supervision.

Obstacle Avoidance and Tracking Control of Redundant Robotic Manipulator: An RNN-Based Metaheuristic Approach

no code implementations • IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 2020 • Ameer Hamza Khan , Student Member , Shuai Li , and Xin Luo , Senior Member , IEEE

In this article, we present a metaheuristic-based control framework, called beetle antennae olfactory recurrent neural network, for simultaneous tracking control and obstacle avoidance of a redundant manipulator.

Edge server deployment scheme of blockchain in IoVs

no code implementations • 16 Jun 2020 • Liya Xu , Mingzhu Ge , Weili Wu , Member , IEEE

In fact, the application of blockchain in IoVs can be implemented by employing edge computing.

Service Provisioning Framework for RAN Slicing: User Admissibility, Slice Association and Bandwidth Allocation

no code implementations • IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2020 • Yao Sun , Shuang Qin , Member , Gang Feng , Lei Zhang , and Muhammad Ali Imran , SeniorMember , IEEE

Network slicing (NS) has been identified as one of the most promising architectural technologies for future mobile network systems to meet the extremely diversified service requirements of users.

A Simplified 2D-3D CNN Architecture for Hyperspectral Image Classification Based on Spatial–Spectral Fusion

no code implementations • 5 Jun 2020 • Chunyan Yu , Rui Han , Meiping Song , Caiyu Liu , and Chein-I Chang , Life Fellow , IEEE

Abstract—Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have led to a successful breakthrough for hyperspectral image classification (HSIC).

ieee research papers for free

Decision Fusion in Space-Time Spreading aided Distributed MIMO WSNs

no code implementations • 16 May 2020 • I. Dey , H. Joshi , Member , N. Marchetti , Senior Member , IEEE

In this letter, we propose space-time spreading (STS) of local sensor decisions before reporting them over a wireless multiple access channel (MAC), in order to achieve flexible balance between diversity and multiplexing gain as well as eliminate any chance of intrinsic interference inherent in MAC scenarios.

Energy-Efficient Over-the-Air Computation Scheme for Densely Deployed IoT Networks

no code implementations • IEEE 2020 • Semiha Tedik Basaran , Student Member , Gunes Karabulut Kurt , and Periklis Chatzimisios , Senior Member , IEEE

The proposed MMSE estimator provides a signif- icant mean squared error improvement with reducing en- ergy consumption compared to the conventional estimator.

A Lightweight and Privacy-Preserving Authentication Protocol for Mobile Edge Computing

no code implementations • 27 Feb 2020 • Kuljeet Kaur∗ , Sahil Garg∗ , Georges Kaddoum∗ , Member , Mohsen Guizani† , Fellow , IEEE , and Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody‡ , Senior Member , IEEE.

With the advent of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), vehicular networks and cyber-physical systems, the need for realtime data processing and analysis has emerged as an essential pre-requite for customers’ satisfaction.

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted Multiuser MISO Systems Exploiting Deep Reinforcement Learning

1 code implementation • 24 Feb 2020 • Chongwen Huang , Member , IEEE , Ronghong Mo , Chau Yuen , Senior Member

In this paper, we investigate the joint design of transmit beamforming matrix at the base station and the phase shift matrix at the RIS, by leveraging recent advances in deep reinforcement learning (DRL).

Reinforcement Learning Tracking Control for Robotic Manipulator With Kernel-Based Dynamic Model

no code implementations • TRANSACTION 2020 • Yazhou Hu , Wenxue Wang , Hao liu , and Lianqing Liu , Member , IEEE

In this algorithm, a reward function is defined according to the features of tracking control in order to speed up the learning process, and then an RL tracking controller with a kernel-based transition dynamic model is proposed.

Broad Learning System Based on Maximum Correntropy Criterion

no code implementations • 24 Dec 2019 • Yunfei Zheng , Badong Chen , Shiyuan Wang , Senior Member , Weiqun Wang , Member , IEEE

As an effective and efficient discriminative learning method, Broad Learning System (BLS) has received increasing attention due to its outstanding performance in various regression and classification problems.

ieee research papers for free

Localization and Clustering Based on Swarm Intelligence in UAV Networks for Emergency Communications

no code implementations • IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2019 • Muhammad Yeasir Arafat , Sangman Moh , Member , IEEE

Second, we propose an energy-efficient swarm-intelligence-based clustering (SIC) algorithm based on PSO, in which the particle fitness function is exploited for inter-cluster distance, intra-cluster distance, residual energy, and geographic location.

GETNET: A General End-to-end Two-dimensional CNN Framework for Hyperspectral Image Change Detection

1 code implementation • 5 May 2019 • Qi. Wang , Senior Member , Zhenghang Yuan , Qian Du , Xuelong. Li , Fellow , IEEE

In order to better handle high dimension problem and explore abundance information, this paper presents a General End-to-end Two-dimensional CNN (GETNET) framework for hyperspectral image change detection (HSI-CD).

ieee research papers for free

VSSA-NET: Vertical Spatial Sequence Attention Network for Traffic Sign Detection

no code implementations • 5 May 2019 • Yuan Yuan , Zhitong Xiong , Student Member , Qi. Wang , Senior Member , IEEE

Our contributions are as follows: 1) We propose a multi-resolution feature fusion network architecture which exploits densely connected deconvolution layers with skip connections, and can learn more effective features for the small size object; 2) We frame the traffic sign detection as a spatial sequence classification and regression task, and propose a vertical spatial sequence attention (VSSA) module to gain more context information for better detection performance.

ieee research papers for free

Discrete-Time Impulsive Adaptive Dynamic Programming

no code implementations • IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics 2019 • Qinglai Wei , Ruizhuo Song , Member , IEEE , Zehua Liao , Benkai Li , and Frank L. Lewis

Abstract—In this paper, a new iterative adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm is developed to solve optimal impulsive control problems for infinite horizon discrete-time nonlinear systems.

Generalization of the Dark Channel Prior for Single Image Restoration

no code implementations • IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 2019 • Yan-Tsung Peng , Keming Cao , and Pamela C. Cosman , Fellow , IEEE

Abstract— Images degraded by light scattering and absorption, such as hazy, sandstorm, and underwater images, often suffer color distortion and low contrast because of light traveling through turbid media.

A MIP Model for Risk Constrained Switch Placement in Distribution Networks

no code implementations • IEEE 2019 • Milad Izadi , Student Member , IEEE and Amir Safdarian , Member , IEEE

The model is applied to the RBTS-Bus4 and a real distribution network.

PEA265: Perceptual Assessment of Video Compression Artifacts

no code implementations • 1 Mar 2019 • Liqun Lin , Shiqi Yu , Tiesong Zhao , Member , Zhou Wang , Fellow , IEEE

To monitor and improve visual QoE, it is crucial to develop subjective and objective measures that can identify and quantify various types of PEAs.

ieee research papers for free

A Provably Secure and Efficient Identity-Based Anonymous Authentication Scheme for Mobile Edge Computing

no code implementations • 22 Feb 2019 • Xiaoying Jia,Debiao He , Neeraj Kumar , and Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo , Senior Member , IEEE

Mobile edge computing (MEC) allows one to overcome a number of limitations inherent in cloud computing, although achieving the broad range of security requirements in MEC settings remains challenging.

Location-Centered House Price Prediction: A Multi-Task Learning Approach

no code implementations • 7 Jan 2019 • Guangliang Gao , Zhifeng Bao , Jie Cao , A. K. Qin , Timos Sellis , Fellow , IEEE , Zhiang Wu

Regarding the choice of prediction model, we observe that a variety of approaches either consider the entire house data for modeling, or split the entire data and model each partition independently.

ieee research papers for free

DATS: Dispersive Stable Task Scheduling in Heterogeneous Fog Networks

no code implementations • Conference 2018 • Zening Liu , Xiumei Yang , Yang Yang , Kunlun Wang , and Guoqiang Mao , Fellow , IEEE

Abstract—Fog computing has risen as a promising architecture for future Internet of Things (IoT), 5G and embedded artificial intelligence (AI) applications with stringent service delay requirements along the cloud to things continuum.

Blockchain for Secure and Efficient Data Sharing in Vehicular Edge Computing and Networks

no code implementations • IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL, VOL. 6, NO. 3 2018 • Jiawen Kang , Rong Y u , Xumin Huang , Maoqiang Wu , Sabita Maharjan , Member , Shengli Xie , and Y an Zhang , Senior Member , IEEE

Due to limited resources with vehicles, vehicular edge computing and networks (VECONs) i. e., the integration of mobile edge computing and vehicular networks, can provide powerful computing and massive storage resources.

Optimal Training for Residual Self-Interference for Full-Duplex One-Way Relays

no code implementations • 13 Aug 2018 • Xiaofeng Li , Cihan Tepedelenlio˘glu , and Habib ¸Senol , Member , IEEE

For the former, we propose a training scheme to estimate the overall channel, and for the latter the CRB and the optimal number of relays are derived when the distance between the source and the destination is fixed.

Medical Image Synthesis with Deep Convolutional Adversarial Networks

1 code implementation • IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 2018 • Dong Nie , Roger Trullo , Jun Lian , Li Wang , Caroline Petitjean , Su Ruan , Qian Wang , and Dinggang Shen , Fellow , IEEE

To better model a nonlinear mapping from source to target and to produce more realistic target images, we propose to use the adversarial learning strategy to better model the FCN.

ieee research papers for free

Single Image Dehazing Using Color Ellipsoid Prior

1 code implementation • IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 2018 • Trung Minh Bui , Student Member , and Wonha Kim , Senior Member , IEEE

The proposed method constructs color ellipsoids that are statistically fitted to haze pixel clusters in RGB space and then calculates the transmission values through color ellipsoid geometry.

Significantly Fast and Robust Fuzzy C-MeansClustering Algorithm Based on MorphologicalReconstruction and Membership Filtering

no code implementations • IEEE 2018 • Tao Lei , Xiaohong Jia , Yanning Zhang , Lifeng He , Hongy-ing Meng , Senior Member , and Asoke K. Nandi , Fellow , IEEE

However, the introduction oflocal spatial information often leads to a high computationalcomplexity, arising out of an iterative calculation of the distancebetween pixels within local spatial neighbors and clusteringcenters.

An Integrated Platform for Live 3D Human Reconstruction and Motion Capturing

no code implementations • 8 Dec 2017 • Dimitrios S. Alexiadis , Anargyros Chatzitofis , Nikolaos Zioulis , Olga Zoidi , Georgios Louizis , Dimitrios Zarpalas , Petros Daras , Senior Member , IEEE

The latest developments in 3D capturing, processing, and rendering provide means to unlock novel 3D application pathways.

ieee research papers for free

Robust Single Image Super-Resolution via Deep Networks With Sparse Prior

1 code implementation • journals 2016 • Ding Liu , Zhaowen Wang , Bihan Wen , Student Member , Jianchao Yang , Member , Wei Han , and Thomas S. Huang , Fellow , IEEE

We demonstrate that a sparse coding model particularly designed for SR can be incarnated as a neural network with the merit of end-to-end optimization over training data.

ieee research papers for free

A Decentralized Cooperative Control Scheme With Obstacle Avoidance for a Team of Mobile Robots

no code implementations • journal 2013 • Hamed Rezaee , Student Member , and Farzaneh Abdollahi , Member , IEEE

The problem of formation control of a team of mobile robots based on the virtual and behavioral structures is considered in this paper.

A Grid-Based Evolutionary Algorithm for Many-Objective Optimization

1 code implementation • IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 2013 • Shengxiang Yang , Member , IEEE , Miqing Li , Xiaohui Liu , and Jinhua Zheng

Balancing convergence and diversity plays a key role in evolutionary multiobjective optimization (EMO).

Physiological Parameter Monitoring from Optical Recordings with a Mobile Phone

no code implementations • 29 Jul 2011 • Christopher G. Scully , Student Member , Jinseok Lee , Joseph Meyer , Alexander M. Gorbach , Domhnull Granquist-Fraser , Yitzhak Mendelson , Member , and Ki H. Chon , Senior Member , IEEE

We show that a mobile phone can serve as an accurate monitor for several physiological variables, based on its ability to record and analyze the varying color signals of a fingertip placed in contact with its optical sensor.

ieee research papers for free

Performance Analysis of Two Hop Amplify-and-Forward Systems with Interference at the Relay

no code implementations • journal 2010 • Himal A. Suraweera , Member , HariK.Garg , and A. Nallanathan , Senior Member , IEEE

Abstract—We analyze the performance of a two hop channel state information (CSI)-assisted amplify-and-forward system, with co-channel interference at the relay.

Efficiently Indexing Large Sparse Graphs for Similarity Search

no code implementations • 18 Feb 2010 • Guoren Wang , Bin Wang , Xiaochun Yang , IEEE Computer Society , and Ge Yu , Member , IEEE

Abstract—The graph structure is a very important means to model schemaless data with complicated structures, such as protein- protein interaction networks, chemical compounds, knowledge query inferring systems, and road networks.

ANALYSIS OF CALIBRATED SEA CLUTTER AND BOAT REFLECTIVITY DATA AT C- AND X-BAND IN SOUTH AFRICAN COASTAL WATERS

no code implementations • IEEE 2007 • Ron Rubinstein , Member , Tomer Peleg , Student Member , and Michael Elad , Fellow , IEEE

Abstract—The synthesis-based sparse representation model for signals has drawn considerable interest in the past decade.

Parameter-free Geometric Document Layout Analysis

no code implementations • IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 2001 • Seong-Whan Lee , Senior Member , IEEE , and Dae-Seok Ryu

Based on the proposed periodicity measure, multiscale analysis, and confirmation procedure, we could develop a robust method for geometric document layout analysis independent of character font sizes, text line spacing, and document layout structures.

ieee research papers for free

  • Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers
  • Advertising & Talent Reach devs & technologists worldwide about your product, service or employer brand
  • OverflowAI GenAI features for Teams
  • OverflowAPI Train & fine-tune LLMs
  • Labs The future of collective knowledge sharing
  • About the company Visit the blog

Collectives™ on Stack Overflow

Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most.

Q&A for work

Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search.

Get early access and see previews of new features.

Download papers from IEEExplore with wget

I am now out of institute, but need to download paper from IEEExplore.

I can ssh to the institute server. I think I should be able to access IEEExplore there, but I don't know how to download.

Suppose I am out of institute, and want to download this paper:

I have tried:

but mypaper.pdf turns out to be a broken pdf file.

Could anyone give some suggestions?

keepAlive's user avatar

  • just to complete the solution. step1: ssh into the server, step2: use wget to download the paper, step3: use scp to copy the paper from the remote server to the local disk. –  ulyssis2 Commented Mar 4, 2017 at 22:21

2 Answers 2

I found http://techqe.blogspot.com/2009/09/quick-download-ieee-paper.html , which provides the following solution:

Identify the "arnumber" for the paper, in the hyperlink you found while browsing. In your example, it's 5738219

Enter the following command at your shell:

Your paper will now be saved in "paper.pdf"

M. Anthony Aiello's user avatar

  • 2 It seems not working any more, the command line returns an html page instead of a pdf. –  tong Commented Dec 26, 2017 at 23:39
  • 3 tested - still works as of the date of this comment. –  vrleboss Commented Feb 7, 2018 at 19:05

You can use your institute server as a socks proxy and download as usual using your favourite method.

ssh -D <portNumber> username@serverip

Now the socks proxy has been setup on localhost:portNumber . You can apply the proxy system wide based on your operating system and download as usual.

Raamakrishnan A.'s user avatar

Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged ssh download wget ieee or ask your own question .

  • Featured on Meta
  • Upcoming initiatives on Stack Overflow and across the Stack Exchange network...
  • Announcing a change to the data-dump process

Hot Network Questions

  • What are applicable skills and abilities for dealing with paperwork, administration and law in 5e?
  • Simple instance illustrating significance of Langlands dual group without getting into the Langlands program?
  • Lilypond: "Wrong type to apply: #<Score>"
  • Travelling from Ireland to Northern Ireland (UK Visa required national)
  • Who picks up when you call the "phone number for you" following a possible pilot deviation?
  • Book Identification: Gamebook about a kid stuck in a science museum after closing
  • Uniqueness results that follow from CH
  • Does linearity on all commutative subalgebras imply linearity on the whole algebra?
  • Pluto has smooth ice plains, almost like lunar maria. Where did the heat come from to melt all that ice?
  • Why did Kamala Harris once describe her own appearance at the start of an important meeting?
  • Why doesn't Cobb want to shoot Mal when she is about to kill Fischer?
  • How to create arrowheads in this curve in Mathematica
  • How to address imbalanced work assignments to new boss?
  • How is Agile model more flexible than the Waterfall model?
  • Periodic CCSD(T) software?
  • What programming language was used in Dijkstra's response to Frank Rubin's article about "Go To Statement Considered Harmful"
  • "One-time discount" fraud: is any crime committed?
  • Reduce a string up to idempotency
  • Proper explanation of why do we need learning rate in gradient descent?
  • Simulate Text Cursor
  • This black spot/blob has been appearing in the middle of my display
  • The vertiginous question: Why am I me and not someone else?
  • P-MOSFET always conducting
  • Circle of Stars Druid. What happens when you hit 0 HP in Starry Form?

ieee research papers for free

Stack Exchange Network

Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow , the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers.

Q&A for work

Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search.

Download full journals from IEEE as pdf (ebook)

I was wonder if anyone knew if it is possible (and how) to download an entire journal (as if it would be printed) from ieeeXplore ?

Olivier_s_j's user avatar

2 Answers 2

I believe that violates the terms of use for IEEE Xplore. I don't know if you are an IEEE member, institutional subscriber, etc., but the terms of use for institutional subscribers states the following:

Institutional subscribers are NOT permitted to do the following: [...] Download or attempt to download an entire issue or issues of a publication contained in IEEE Xplore.

You should first view the terms of use for IEEE Xplore at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/termsOfUse.jsp , and if you have questions contact Xplore support via the contact form http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/techform.jsp .

Community's user avatar

Well, to put legality aside merging pdfs into single file is rather easy (I assume that you can download individual articles as pdfs).

You need ghostscript program (avilable on any modern linux, and I guess also for windows) and then issue command:

which will merge 1.pdf , 2.pdf , 3.pdf into combined.pdf .

If you want to mass download articles you can use this firefox plugin: https://addons.mozilla.org/pl/firefox/addon/downthemall/

Anyways: please mind that you might be bending or violating terms and conditions using these techinques.

jb.'s user avatar

  • I don't think that the problem that the OP wants solving is that he has all the articles in different PDF files ... –  xLeitix Commented Mar 20, 2014 at 8:40
  • @xLeitix There is also information how to mass download the files ;) –  jb. Commented Jul 5, 2014 at 15:38

You must log in to answer this question.

Not the answer you're looking for browse other questions tagged journals ieee ..

  • Featured on Meta
  • Announcing a change to the data-dump process
  • Upcoming initiatives on Stack Overflow and across the Stack Exchange network...

Hot Network Questions

  • How to obtain the evolutionary animal?
  • Why were the names of Western Roman emperors mostly unique?
  • Why is javascript executing callbacks in a for loop so fast the first time?
  • Camera & Negatives identification
  • Replacing `\everypar` with a hook
  • Why "praemiīs mē dōnant" and not "praemia mihi donant"?
  • Do we ever see the dangers of violating the Prime Directive?
  • Would it be possible to generate data from real data in medical research?
  • How is Agile model more flexible than the Waterfall model?
  • 40 minute layover in DFW?
  • What programming language was used in Dijkstra's response to Frank Rubin's article about "Go To Statement Considered Harmful"
  • Submitting paper to lower tier journal instead of doing major revision at higher tier journal
  • A hat puzzle question—how to prove the standard solution is optimal?
  • What is the maximum number of real roots in the interval (0,1) of a monic polynomial with integer coefficients and has degree 2022.
  • When does HDMI TMDS apply inversion on first 8 encoded bits?
  • Integer solutions for a simple cubic
  • What are applicable skills and abilities for dealing with paperwork, administration and law in 5e?
  • What Chord Progression is This?
  • What's the frequency level of 時々?
  • Was there an Easter egg in the Electrologica X1 QUINIO (GO-MOKU) game?
  • Why does this 4-week Treasury bill that I bought have a 17-week term and a much earlier issue date?
  • How to Derive the Time Evolution Equation for Quantum Phase?
  • Travelling from Ireland to Northern Ireland (UK Visa required national)
  • Correctly escaping <CR>: how can I map a command to send the literal string "<CR>" to a vim function?

ieee research papers for free

  • Free Tools for Students
  • IEEE Citation Generator

Free IEEE Citation Generator

Generate accurate IEEE style citations quickly and automatically, with MyBib!

🤔 What is an IEEE Citation Generator?

An IEEE citation generator is a tool that creates citations in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) citation style. It does this automatically by taking the identifier for an article or document, such as a website URL, book ISBN, or journal article ISSN (supplied by you), and detecting the remaining details. Then it formats all the details in the correct IEEE citation style.

👩‍🎓 Who uses an IEEE Citation Generator?

The IEEE citation style was developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and is based on the Chicago citation style. It is used in the area of computer science, technology, and engineering by students of these subjects, and academics writing to be published in journals of these subjects.

🙌 Why should I use an IEEE Citation Generator?

Every academic field--not just engineering--will recommend using a tool to record references to others' work in your writing. A citation generator like MyBib can record this data, and can also automatically create an accurate reference list from it, with the necessary in-text citations too.

⚙️ How do I use MyBib's IEEE Citation Generator?

MyBib's IEEE citation generator was designed to be fast and easy to use. Follow these steps:

  • Search for the article, website, or document you want to cite using the search box at the top of the page.
  • Look through the list of results found and choose the one that you referenced in your work.
  • Make sure the details are all correct, and change any that aren't. Then click Generate!

The generator will produce a formatted IEEE citation that can be copied and pasted directly into your document, or saved to MyBib as part of your overall bibliography (which can be downloaded fully later!).

MyBib supports the following for IEEE style:

⚙️ StylesIEEE
📚 SourcesWebsites, books, journals, newspapers
🔎 AutociteYes
📥 Download toMicrosoft Word, Google Docs

Image of daniel-elias

Daniel is a qualified librarian, former teacher, and citation expert. He has been contributing to MyBib since 2018.

Have a language expert improve your writing

Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, generate accurate citations for free.

  • Knowledge Base
  • IEEE Paper Format | Template & Guidelines

IEEE Paper Format | Template & Guidelines

Published on August 24, 2022 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on April 6, 2023.

IEEE provides guidelines for formatting your paper. These guidelines must be followed when you’re submitting a manuscript for publication in an IEEE journal. Some of the key guidelines are:

  • Formatting the text as two columns, in Times New Roman, 10 pt.
  • Including a byline, an abstract , and a set of keywords at the start of the research paper
  • Placing any figures, tables, and equations at the top or bottom of a column, not in the middle
  • Following the appropriate heading styles for any headings you use
  • Including a full list of IEEE references at the end
  • Not including page numbers

IEEE example paper

To learn more about the specifics of IEEE paper format, check out the free template below. Note that you may not need to follow these rules if you’ve only been told to use IEEE citation format for a student paper. But you do need to follow them to submit to IEEE publications.

Table of contents

Ieee format template, ieee heading styles, frequently asked questions about ieee.

The template below can be used to make sure that your paper follows IEEE format. It’s set up with custom Word styles for all the different parts of the text, with the right fonts and formatting and with further explanation of key points.

Make sure to remove all the explanatory text in the template when you insert your own.

Download IEEE paper format template

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

IEEE recommends specific heading styles to distinguish the title and different levels of heading in your paper from each other. Styles for each of these are built into the template.

The paper title is written in 24 pt. Times New Roman, centered at the top of the first page. Other headings are all written in 10 pt. Times New Roman:

  • Level 1 text headings begin with a roman numeral followed by a period. They are written in small caps, in title case, and centered.
  • Level 2 text headings begin with a capital letter followed by a period. They are italicized, left-aligned, and written in title case.
  • Level 3 text headings begin with a number followed by a closing parenthesis . They are italicized, written in sentence case, and indented like a regular paragraph. The text of the section follows the heading immediately, after a colon .
  • Level 4 text headings begin with a lowercase letter followed by a closing parenthesis. They are italicized, written in sentence case, and indented slightly further than a normal paragraph. The text of the section follows the heading immediately, after a colon.
  • Component headings are used for the different components of your paper outside of the main text, such as the acknowledgments and references. They are written in small caps, in title case, centered, and without any numbering.

IEEE heading styles

You should use 10 pt. Times New Roman font in your IEEE format paper .

For the paper title, 26 pt. Times New Roman is used. For some other paper elements like table footnotes, the font can be slightly smaller. All the correct stylings are available in our free IEEE format template .

No, page numbers are not included in an IEEE format paper . If you’re submitting to an IEEE publication, page numbers will be added in the final publication but aren’t needed in the manuscript.

IEEE paper format requires you to include an abstract summarizing the content of your paper. It appears at the start of the paper, right after you list your name and affiliation.

The abstract begins with the word “Abstract,” italicized and followed by an em dash. The abstract itself follows immediately on the same line. The entire section is written in bold font. For example: “ Abstract —This paper discusses … ”

You can find the correct format for your IEEE abstract and other parts of the paper in our free IEEE paper format template .

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2023, April 06). IEEE Paper Format | Template & Guidelines. Scribbr. Retrieved July 22, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/ieee/ieee-paper-format/

Is this article helpful?

Jack Caulfield

Jack Caulfield

Other students also liked, ieee reference page | format & examples, ieee in-text citation | guidelines & examples, ieee journal citation | guide with examples, get unlimited documents corrected.

✔ Free APA citation check included ✔ Unlimited document corrections ✔ Specialized in correcting academic texts

IEEE - Advancing Technology for Humanity

is Mainsite

IEEE - Advancing Technology for Humanity

  • Search all IEEE websites
  • Mission and vision
  • IEEE at a glance
  • IEEE Strategic Plan
  • Organization of IEEE
  • Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion
  • Organizational Ethics
  • Annual Report
  • History of IEEE
  • Volunteer resources
  • IEEE Corporate Awards Program
  • Financials and Statistics
  • IEEE Future Directions
  • IEEE for Industry (Corporations, Government, Individuals)
  • IEEE Climate Change
  • Humanitarian and Philanthropic Opportunities
  • Select an option
  • Get the latest news
  • Access volunteer resources (Code of Ethics, financial forms, tools and templates, and more)
  • Find IEEE locations
  • Get help from the IEEE Support Center
  • Recover your IEEE Account username and password
  • Learn about the IEEE Awards program and submit nomination
  • View IEEE's organizational structure and leadership
  • Apply for jobs at IEEE
  • See the history of IEEE
  • Learn more about Diversity, Equity & Inclusion at IEEE
  • Join an IEEE Society
  • Renew your membership
  • Member benefits
  • IEEE Contact Center
  • Connect locally
  • Memberships and Subscriptions Catalog
  • Member insurance and discounts
  • Member Grade Elevation
  • Get your company engaged
  • Access your Account
  • Learn about membership dues
  • Learn about Women in Engineering (WIE)
  • Access IEEE member email
  • Find information on IEEE Fellows
  • Access the IEEE member directory
  • Learn about the Member-Get-a-Member program
  • Learn about IEEE Potentials magazine
  • Learn about Student membership
  • Affinity groups
  • IEEE Societies
  • Technical Councils
  • Technical Communities
  • Geographic Activities
  • Working groups
  • IEEE Regions
  • IEEE Collabratec®
  • IEEE Resource Centers
  • IEEE DataPort
  • See the IEEE Regions
  • View the MGA Operations Manual
  • Find information on IEEE Technical Activities
  • Get IEEE Chapter resources
  • Find IEEE Sections, Chapters, Student Branches, and other communities
  • Learn how to create an IEEE Student Chapter
  • Upcoming conferences
  • IEEE Meetings, Conferences & Events (MCE)
  • IEEE Conference Application
  • IEEE Conference Organizer Education Program
  • See benefits of authoring a conference paper
  • Search for 2025 conferences
  • Search for 2024 conferences
  • Find conference organizer resources
  • Register a conference
  • Publish conference papers
  • Manage conference finances
  • Learn about IEEE Meetings, Conferences & Events (MCE)
  • Visit the IEEE SA site
  • Become a member of the IEEE SA
  • Find information on the IEEE Registration Authority
  • Obtain a MAC, OUI, or Ethernet address
  • Access the IEEE 802.11™ WLAN standard
  • Purchase standards
  • Get free select IEEE standards
  • Purchase standards subscriptions on IEEE Xplore®
  • Get involved with standards development
  • Find a working group
  • Find information on IEEE 802.11™
  • Access the National Electrical Safety Code® (NESC®)
  • Find MAC, OUI, and Ethernet addresses from Registration Authority (regauth)
  • Get free IEEE standards
  • Learn more about the IEEE Standards Association
  • View Software and Systems Engineering Standards
  • IEEE Xplore® Digital Library
  • Subscription options
  • IEEE Spectrum
  • The Institute
  • Proceedings of the IEEE
  • IEEE Access®
  • Author resources
  • Get an IEEE Xplore Digital Library trial for IEEE members
  • Review impact factors of IEEE journals
  • Request access to the IEEE Thesaurus and Taxonomy
  • Access the IEEE copyright form
  • Find article templates in Word and LaTeX formats
  • Get author education resources
  • Visit the IEEE Xplore digital library
  • Find Author Digital Tools for IEEE paper submission
  • Review the IEEE plagiarism policy
  • Get information about all stages of publishing with IEEE
  • IEEE Learning Network (ILN)
  • IEEE Credentialing Program
  • Pre-university
  • IEEE-Eta Kappa Nu
  • Accreditation
  • Access continuing education courses on the IEEE Learning Network
  • Find STEM education resources on TryEngineering.org
  • Learn about the TryEngineering Summer Institute for high school students
  • Explore university education program resources
  • Access pre-university STEM education resources
  • Learn about IEEE certificates and how to offer them
  • Find information about the IEEE-Eta Kappa Nu honor society
  • Learn about resources for final-year engineering projects
  • Access career resources
  • Publications
  • Subscriptions

IEEE Xplore Digital Library

  • IEEE Xplore Digital Library Subscriptions
  • Institutional Subscriptions* Terms of Use and How You Can Get Even More Benefits for Your Organization
  • Get Institutional Access to IEEE Information
  • Learn about IEEE Institutional* Subscription Terms of Use
  • Benefits of Publishing with IEEE
  • Open Access
  • IEEE Intellectual Property Rights
  • Publishing Services for IEEE Organizations
  • Contact IEEE Publishing

Access for IEEE members

Not a member of ieee.

  • Individual members can subscribe to the IEEE Member Digital Library.
  • Are you a member of an IEEE Society? Your Society may offer a Society Digital Library .
  • IEEE Student members: You may already have access to the IEEE Xplore digital library through your academic institution's library. Check with your librarian.
  • IEEE members receive a discounted price of US$14.95 on single IEEE article purchases made through IEEE Xplore . Articles from partner publishers are US$34 per article. Go to IEEE Xplore and start your search.
  • Or, learn more about how your academic institution or company can gain full-text access to IEEE Xplore for the entire organization.
  • You may purchase single articles from IEEE Xplore for US$34. Go to IEEE Xplore and start your search.

Visit the IEEE Contact Center

For IEEE Members

Ieee spectrum, follow ieee spectrum, support ieee spectrum, enjoy more free content and benefits by creating an account, saving articles to read later requires an ieee spectrum account, the institute content is only available for members, downloading full pdf issues is exclusive for ieee members, downloading this e-book is exclusive for ieee members, access to spectrum 's digital edition is exclusive for ieee members, following topics is a feature exclusive for ieee members, adding your response to an article requires an ieee spectrum account, create an account to access more content and features on ieee spectrum , including the ability to save articles to read later, download spectrum collections, and participate in conversations with readers and editors. for more exclusive content and features, consider joining ieee ., join the world’s largest professional organization devoted to engineering and applied sciences and get access to all of spectrum’s articles, archives, pdf downloads, and other benefits. learn more about ieee →, join the world’s largest professional organization devoted to engineering and applied sciences and get access to this e-book plus all of ieee spectrum’s articles, archives, pdf downloads, and other benefits. learn more about ieee →, access thousands of articles — completely free, create an account and get exclusive content and features: save articles, download collections, and talk to tech insiders — all free for full access and benefits, join ieee as a paying member., how good is chatgpt at coding, really, study finds that while ai can be great, it also struggles due to training limitations.

Illustration of ghostly hands with 0s an 1s hovering over a keyboard

This article is part of our exclusive IEEE Journal Watch series in partnership with IEEE Xplore.

Programmers have spent decades writing code for AI models , and now, in a full circle moment, AI is being used to write code. But how does an AI code generator compare to a human programmer?

A study published in the June issue of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering evaluated the code produced by OpenAI’s ChatGPT in terms of functionality, complexity and security. The results show that ChatGPT has an extremely broad range of success when it comes to producing functional code—with a success rate ranging from anywhere as poor as 0.66 percent and as good as 89 percent—depending on the difficulty of the task, the programming language, and a number of other factors.

While in some cases the AI generator could produce better code than humans, the analysis also reveals some security concerns with AI-generated code.

Yutian Tang is a lecturer at the University of Glasgow who was involved in the study. He notes that AI-based code generation could provide some advantages in terms of enhancing productivity and automating software development tasks—but it’s important to understand the strengths and limitations of these models.

“By conducting a comprehensive analysis, we can uncover potential issues and limitations that arise in the ChatGPT-based code generation... [and] improve generation techniques,” Tang explains.

To explore these limitations in more detail, his team sought to test GPT-3.5’s ability to address 728 coding problems from the LeetCode testing platform in five programming languages: C, C++, Java, JavaScript, and Python .

“A reasonable hypothesis for why ChatGPT can do better with algorithm problems before 2021 is that these problems are frequently seen in the training dataset.” —Yutian Tang, University of Glasgow

Overall, ChatGPT was fairly good at solving problems in the different coding languages—but especially when attempting to solve coding problems that existed on LeetCode before 2021. For instance, it was able to produce functional code for easy, medium, and hard problems with success rates of about 89, 71, and 40 percent, respectively.

“However, when it comes to the algorithm problems after 2021, ChatGPT’s ability to generate functionally correct code is affected. It sometimes fails to understand the meaning of questions, even for easy level problems,” Tang notes.

For example, ChatGPT’s ability to produce functional code for “easy” coding problems dropped from 89 percent to 52 percent after 2021. And its ability to generate functional code for “hard” problems dropped from 40 percent to 0.66 percent after this time as well.

“A reasonable hypothesis for why ChatGPT can do better with algorithm problems before 2021 is that these problems are frequently seen in the training dataset,” Tang says.

Essentially, as coding evolves, ChatGPT has not been exposed yet to new problems and solutions. It lacks the critical thinking skills of a human and can only address problems it has previously encountered. This could explain why it is so much better at addressing older coding problems than newer ones.

“ChatGPT may generate incorrect code because it does not understand the meaning of algorithm problems.” —Yutian Tang, University of Glasgow

Interestingly, ChatGPT is able to generate code with smaller runtime and memory overheads than at least 50 percent of human solutions to the same LeetCode problems.

The researchers also explored the ability of ChatGPT to fix its own coding errors after receiving feedback from LeetCode. They randomly selected 50 coding scenarios where ChatGPT initially generated incorrect coding, either because it didn’t understand the content or problem at hand.

While ChatGPT was good at fixing compiling errors, it generally was not good at correcting its own mistakes.

“ChatGPT may generate incorrect code because it does not understand the meaning of algorithm problems, thus, this simple error feedback information is not enough,” Tang explains.

The researchers also found that ChatGPT-generated code did have a fair amount of vulnerabilities, such as a missing null test, but many of these were easily fixable. Their results also show that generated code in C was the most complex, followed by C++ and Python, which has a similar complexity to the human-written code.

Tangs says, based on these results, it’s important that developers using ChatGPT provide additional information to help ChatGPT better understand problems or avoid vulnerabilities.

“For example, when encountering more complex programming problems, developers can provide relevant knowledge as much as possible, and tell ChatGPT in the prompt which potential vulnerabilities to be aware of,” Tang says.

  • What to Do When the Ghost in the Machine Is You ›
  • How Coders Can Survive—and Thrive—in a ChatGPT World ›
  • Coding Assistant - ChatGPT ›

Michelle Hampson is a freelance writer based in Halifax. She frequently contributes to Spectrum's Journal Watch coverage, which highlights newsworthy studies published in IEEE journals.

Floch Forster

That's yesterday's news, try it with version 4o, it's free.

Richard Wickens

"struggles due to training limitations" isn't that EVERYONE's problem with EVERYTHING.

"I could be an awesome guitar playing, but I struggle due to training limitations."

"I could be a great Opera singer, but I struggle due to training limitations."

"I could be a great jockey, but I am 6'4"...." Ok, well maybe not everything.

ChatGPT sucks at coding because it's not an AI - it's a big ass word predictor.

Sam Sperling

I actually think the key here is writing good test suits to ensure AI does the right thing...

Here is the full argument: https://medium.com/@samuel.sperling/software-2-1-ai-is-coding-now-why-test-mastery-is-your-new-job-security-31a65e792f7f

How Amazon’s New CPU Fights Cybersecurity Threats

Long-sought tech helps scientists see the weakest stars, the rise of groupware, related stories, what to do when the ghost in the machine is you, chatgpt’s new upgrade teases ai’s multimodal future, chatgpt may be a better improviser than you.

IEEE Account

  • Change Username/Password
  • Update Address

Purchase Details

  • Payment Options
  • Order History
  • View Purchased Documents

Profile Information

  • Communications Preferences
  • Profession and Education
  • Technical Interests
  • US & Canada: +1 800 678 4333
  • Worldwide: +1 732 981 0060
  • Contact & Support
  • About IEEE Xplore
  • Accessibility
  • Terms of Use
  • Nondiscrimination Policy
  • Privacy & Opting Out of Cookies

A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity. © Copyright 2024 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.

Information

  • Author Services

Initiatives

You are accessing a machine-readable page. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader.

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess .

Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications.

Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive positive feedback from the reviewers.

Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal.

Original Submission Date Received: .

  • Active Journals
  • Find a Journal
  • Proceedings Series
  • For Authors
  • For Reviewers
  • For Editors
  • For Librarians
  • For Publishers
  • For Societies
  • For Conference Organizers
  • Open Access Policy
  • Institutional Open Access Program
  • Special Issues Guidelines
  • Editorial Process
  • Research and Publication Ethics
  • Article Processing Charges
  • Testimonials
  • Preprints.org
  • SciProfiles
  • Encyclopedia

agriculture-logo

Article Menu

ieee research papers for free

  • Subscribe SciFeed
  • Recommended Articles
  • Google Scholar
  • on Google Scholar
  • Table of Contents

Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website.

Please let us know what you think of our products and services.

Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI.

JSmol Viewer

A review of precision irrigation water-saving technology under changing climate for enhancing water use efficiency, crop yield, and environmental footprints.

ieee research papers for free

1. Introduction

2. review methodology, 3. results and discussion, 3.1. traditional irrigation method and its modernization for enhancing water use efficiency, 3.1.1. precision irrigation scheduling (ps) for efficient water management, 3.1.2. why do we need precision agriculture and irrigation water-saving systems, 3.2. related work on the precision irrigation water-saving systems, 3.3. precision irrigation water-saving monitoring and control systems, 3.3.1. smart irrigation water-saving controlling tools, 3.3.2. smart irrigation water-saving monitoring techniques.

ObjectToolComparedDataOutcome
SW data management system [ ].AI and BDMSWDThe system provided significant results (R = 0.96 and RMSE = 0.04) and offered diverse services such as visualization and analysis of meteorological data and weather time series forecasts.
Climate data perdition with smart tool [ ].Eight ANN modelsEight GEPWDANN models provide significant results (R = 97.6–99.8% and RMSE = 0.20 to 2.95 mm d ) and GEP models performed slightly worse than the ANN models.
SW station [ ].IoTMSWDThe system successfully executed and fetched data accurately with an accuracy of 95%. The system is pocket-friendly and very easy to use and set up.
Smart irrigation system based on weather data [ ].WSNN.MSM and WDThis system is a value-effective device to optimize and save water for future generation agricultural requirements by analyzing the field’s temperature, humidity, and soil moisture.
Portable SW station [ ].IoT and DLOPDWDThe device is a small effort for farmers and is operated without the internet. It can predict the atmospheric parameters and sky status.
Wearable crop sensor [ ].GBSPSPPProvides a new method to monitor crop water status. It holds great potential in studying and monitoring crop physiological information and individual plant biology.
Plant vapor pressure deficit monitoring [ ].OETN.MPPIt is a novel tool for monitoring the changes occurring in the plant sap following changes in VPD conditions to achieve increased water use efficiency and yield.
Plant water stress monitoring system [ ].WSNN.MPWUDesigned a clip-shaped temperature sensor to solve issues related to the leaf structure and actuate an IIS, resulting in water resource and plant health protection measures.
Water content measuring sensor [ ].THMLWMPWUThe device was subsequently used to monitor the real-time water content of leaves in situ under water stress conditions.
Real-time water delivery control [ ].LREHHDSSMOn-farm SM maps could be generated (RMSE of 0.044 cm /cm ), which can then be passed to the irrigation software to adjust the flow to meet the plant water requirements.
Monitoring moisture conditions with sensors [ ].5TENMSM and DHCThe results indicated that using TDR instrumentation is a cost-effective and time-saving technique to construct a system for saving irrigation water.
In situ soil sensors for the wireless network [ ].LoRaWANTDRSMThe device is designed to be autonomous in operation, communication, and energy for over a year. Data are available in real-time on a web-accessed database.
Soil moisture smart monitoring system [ ].IoTNMSMThe proposed tool using Thingspeak shows that the system is dynamic and efficient. It is also cost-effective, eliminating the vast budget for hiring farm workers.
In-field precision irrigation management system [ ].IoTLMSMThe result showed that the IoT-based sensor irrigation strategy can save up to 30% on irrigation while maintaining the same product yields and quality.
Smart SM monitoring system [ ].IoTNMSM and temperatureThe tool showed expected results, and when the temperature is high and soil moisture is low, the automatic irrigation system can be triggered and send a notification to the user via email.

3.4. Smart Irrigation Water-Saving Architecture and Data-Sharing Communication Technologies

3.4.1. iot architecture, 3.4.2. wireless sensor network architecture, 3.4.3. data sharing and communication technologies (dsct), 3.5. role of artificial intelligence (ai) in irrigation water saving, 3.6. future prospects of piss/siss, 4. conclusions, author contributions, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

  • FAO. The state of food and agriculture 2020. In Overcoming Water Challenges in Agriculture ; FAO: Rome, Italy, 2020. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Zhang, K.; Li, X.; Zheng, D.; Zhang, L.; Zhu, G. Estimation of global irrigation water use by the integration of multiple satellite observations. Water Resour. Res. 2022 , 58 , e2021WR030031. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Levidow, L.; Zaccaria, D.; Maia, R.; Vivas, E.; Todorovic, M.; Scardigno, A. Improving water-efficient irrigation: Prospects and difficulties of innovative practices. Agric. Water Manag. 2014 , 1 , 84–94. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Playán, E.; Mateos, L. Modernization and optimization of irrigation systems to increase water productivity. Agric. Water Manag. 2006 , 80 , 100–116. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • He, L.; Du, Y.; Yu, M.; Wen, H.; Ma, H.; Xu, Y. A stochastic simulation-based method for predicting the carrying capacity of agricultural water resources. Agric. Water Manag. 2024 , 291 , 108630. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Lakhiar, I.A.; Yan, H.; Zhang, J.; Wang, G.; Deng, S.; Bao, R.; Zhang, C.; Syed, T.N.; Wang, B.; Zhou, R.; et al. Plastic Pollution in Agriculture as a Threat to Food Security, the Ecosystem, and the Environment: An Overview. Agronomy 2024 , 14 , 548. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Li, W.; Awais, M.; Ru, W.; Shi, W.; Ajmal, M.; Uddin, S.; Liu, C. Review of sensor network-based irrigation systems using IoT and remote sensing. Adv. Meteorol. 2020 , 2020 , 8396164. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Balasundram, S.K.; Shamshiri, R.R.; Sridhara, S.; Rizan, N. The Role of Digital Agriculture in Mitigating Climate Change and Ensuring Food Security: An Overview. Sustainability 2023 , 15 , 5325. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Bin, L.; Shahzad, M.; Khan, H.; Bashir, M.M.; Ullah, A.; Siddique, M. Sustainable Smart Agriculture Farming for Cotton Crop: A Fuzzy Logic Rule Based Methodology. Sustainability 2023 , 15 , 13874. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Challa, L.P.; Singh, C.D.; Rao, K.V.R.; Subeesh, A.; Srilakshmi, M. Prediction of soil moisture using machine learning techniques: A case study of an IoT-based irrigation system in a naturally ventilated polyhouse. Irrig. Drain. 2024 , 37 , 1138–1150. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Bwambale, E.; Abagale, F.K.; Anornu, G.K.; Smart Irrigation for Climate Change Adaptation and Improved Food Security. Irrigation and Drainage—Recent Advances. 2022. Available online: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/83182 (accessed on 1 June 2024).
  • Evans, R.G.; Sadler, E.J. Methods and technologies to improve efficiency of water use. Water Resour. Res. 2008 , 44 , 1–15. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • García, L.; Parra, L.; Jimenez, J.M.; Lloret, J.; Lorenz, P. IoT-based smart irrigation systems: An overview on the recent trends on sensors and iot systems for irrigation in precision agriculture. Sensors 2020 , 20 , 1042. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
  • Baruah, V.J.; Begum, M.; Sarmah, B.; Deka, B.; Bhagawati, R.; Paul, S.; Dutta, M. Precision irrigation management: A step toward sustainable agriculture. In Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture ; Academic Press: New York, NY, USA, 2024; pp. 189–215. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Catak, M. IoT Based Smart Irrigation System with LoRa. In Progress in Intelligent Decision Science ; IDS 2020. Advances in Intelligent Systems and, Computing; Allahviranloo, T., Salahshour, S., Arica, N., Eds.; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2021; Volume 1301. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Zheng, H.; Cheng, Y. Intelligent water resources management platform for precision irrigation agriculture based on Internet of things. Neural Comput. Appl. 2022 . [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Raouchi, E.L.; Zouizza, M.; Lachgar, M.; Zouani, Y.; Hrimech, H.; Kartit, A. AIDSII: An AI-based digital system for intelligent irrigation. Softw. Impacts 2023 , 17 , 100574. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Eisenhauer, D.E.; Martin, D.L. Irrigation systems management. In American Society of Agricultural Engineers ; Heeren, D.M., Hoffman, G.J., Eds.; ASABE: St. Joseph, MI, USA, 2021; Available online: https://elibrary.asabe.org/textbook.asp?confid=ism2021 (accessed on 1 June 2024).
  • Olamide, F.O.; Olalekan, B.A.; Tobi, S.U.; Adeyemi, M.A.; Julius, J.O.; Oluwaseyi, F.K. Fundamentals of Irrigation Methods and Their Impact on Crop Production. In Irrigation and Drainage—Recent Advances ; InTech Open: Rijeka, Croatia, 2022; Available online: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/82224 (accessed on 1 June 2024).
  • Abioye, E.A.; Abidin, M.S.Z.; Mahmud, M.S.A.; Buyamin, S.; Ishak, M.H.I.; Rahman, M.K.I.A.; Otuoze, A.O.; Onotu, P.; Ramli, M.S.A. A review on monitoring and advanced control strategies for precision irrigation. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2020 , 173 , 105441. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Daccache, A.; Knox, J.W.; Weatherhead, E.K.; Daneshkhah, A.; Hess, T.M. Implementing precision irrigation in a humid climate—Recent experiences and ongoing challenges. Agric. Water Manag. 2015 , 147 , 135–143. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Anjum, M.N.; Cheema, M.J.M.; Hussain, F.; Wu, R.S. Chapter 6—Precision irrigation: Challenges and opportunities. In Precision Agriculture ; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2023; pp. 85–101. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Hoffmann, P.; Villamayor-Tomas, S. Irrigation modernization and the efficiency paradox: A meta-study through the lens of Networks of Action Situations. Sustain. Sci. 2023 , 18 , 181–199. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Koech, R.; Langat, P. Improving irrigation water use efficiency: A review of advances, challenges and opportunities in the Australian context. Water 2018 , 10 , 1771. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Broner, I. Irrigation Scheduling [WWW Document]. Crop Ser. Available online: https://extension.colostate.edu/docs/pubs/crops/04708.pdf (accessed on 5 May 2024).
  • Ali, M.H. Crop Water Requirement and Irrigation Scheduling. In Fundamentals of Irrigation and On-Farm Water Management ; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 2010; Volume 1. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Dong, Y. Irrigation scheduling methods: Overview and recent advances. In Irrigation and Drainage-Recent Advances ; InTech Open: Rijeka, Croatia, 2022; Available online: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/83834 (accessed on 1 June 2024).
  • Wang, J.; Klein, K.K.; Bjornlund, H.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, W. Adoption of improved irrigation scheduling methods in Alberta: An empirical analysis. Can. Water Resour. J. 2015 , 40 , 47–61. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Rasheed, M.W.; Tang, J.; Sarwar, A.; Shah, S.; Saddique, N.; Khan, M.U.; Imran Khan, M.; Nawaz, S.; Shamshiri, R.R.; Aziz, M.; et al. Soil Moisture Measuring Techniques and Factors Affecting the Moisture Dynamics: A Comprehensive Review. Sustainability 2022 , 14 , 11538. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Cotera, R.V.; Egerer, S.; Nam, C.; Lierhammer, L.; Moors, L.; Costa, M.M. Resilient agriculture: Water management for climate change adaptation in Lower Saxony. J. Water Clim. Chang. 2024 , 15 , 1034–1053. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Saccon, P. Water for agriculture, irrigation management. Appl. Soil Ecol. 2018 , 123 , 793–796. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Johansson, R.C.; Tsur, Y.; Roe, T.L.; Doukkali, R.; Dinar, A. Pricing irrigation water: A review of theory and practice. Water Policy 2002 , 4 , 173–199. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Katila, P.; Colfer, C.J.P.; De Jong, W.; Galloway, G.; Pacheco, P.; Winkel, G. Sustainable Development Goals ; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2019. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Olatunde, T.M.; Adelani, F.A.; Sikhakhane, Z.Q. A review of smart water management systems from Africa and the United States. Eng. Sci. Technol. J. 2024 , 5 , 1231–1242. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Sinwar, D.; Dhaka, V.S.; Sharma, M.K.; Rani, G. AI-Based Yield Prediction and Smart Irrigation. In Internet of Things and Analytics for Agriculture ; Volume 2. Studies in Big Data; Pattnaik, P., Kumar, R., Pal, S., Eds.; Springer: Singapore, 2020; Volume 67. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Ragazou, K.; Garefalakis, A.; Zafeiriou, E.; Passas, I. Agriculture 5.0: A New Strategic Management Mode for a Cut Cost and Energy Efficient Agriculture Sector. Energies 2022 , 15 , 3113. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Gubbi, J.; Buyya, R.; Marusic, S.; Palaniswami, M. Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 2013 , 29 , 1645–1660. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Tiwari, V.K.; Singh, V. Study of Internet of Things (IoT): A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Future Directions. Int. J. Adv. Res. Comput. Sci. 2016 , 7 , 65. [ Google Scholar ]
  • Lassiter, A.; Leonard, N. A systematic review of municipal smart water for climate adaptation and mitigation. Environ. Plan. B Urban Anal. City Sci. 2022 , 49 , 1406–1430. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Vandôme, P.; Leauthaud, C.; Moinard, S.; Sainlez, O.; Mekki, I.; Zairi, A.; Belaud, G. Making technological innovations accessible to agricultural water management: Design of a low-cost wireless sensor network for drip irrigation monitoring in Tunisia. Smart Agric. Technol. 2023 , 3 , 100227. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Gabuya, A.Q.; Mangubat, F.N.; Patindol, V.H.; Paglinawan, J.M.; Catubis, K.M.L. Improved growth of coffee seedlings (Coffea canephora) under SMART irrigation system. J. Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci. 2024 , 23 , 103–111. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Zeng, Y.; Chen, C.; Lin, G. Practical application of an intelligent irrigation system to rice paddies in Taiwan. Agric. Water Manag. 2023 , 280 , 108216. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Lakshmi, G.D.P.; Asha, P.N.; Sandhya, G.; Sharma, S.V.; Shilpashree, S.; Subramanya, S.G. An intelligent IOT sensor coupled precision irrigation model for agriculture. Meas. Sens. 2023 , 25 , 100608. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Laphatphakkhanut, R.; Puttrawutichai, S.; Dechkrong, P.; Preuksakarn, C.; Wichaidist, B.; Vongphet, J.; Suksaroj, C. IoT-based smart crop-field monitoring of rice cultivation system for irrigation control and its effect on water footprint mitigation. Paddy Water Environ. 2021 , 19 , 699–707. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Barkunan, S.R.; Bhanumathi, V.; Sethuram, J. Smart sensor for automatic drip irrigation system for paddy cultivation. Comput. Electr. Eng. 2019 , 73 , 180–193. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Mason, B.; Rufí-Salís, M.; Parada, F.; Gabarrell, X.; Gruden, C. Intelligent urban irrigation systems: Saving water and maintaining crop yields. Agric. Water Manag. 2019 , 226 , 105812. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • González-Briones, A.; Mezquita, Y.; Castellanos-Garzón, J.A.; Prieto, J.; Corchado, J.M. Intelligent multi-agent system for water reduction in automotive irrigation processes. Procedia Comput. Sci. 2019 , 151 , 971–976. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Kelly, T.D.; Foster, T.; Schultz, D.M. Assessing the value of deep reinforcement learning for irrigation scheduling. Smart Agric. Technol. 2024 , 7 , 100403. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Wu, Z.; Cui, N.; Zhang, W.; Gong, D.; Liu, C.; Liu, Q.; Zheng, S.; Wang, Z.; Zhao, L.; Yang, Y. Inversion of large-scale citrus soil moisture using multi-temporal Sentinel-1 and Landsat-8 data. Agric. Water Manag. 2024 , 294 , 108718. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Anand, K.; Jayakumar, C.; Muthu, M.; Amirneni, S. Automatic drip irrigation system using fuzzy logic and mobile technology. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Technological Innovation in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR), Chennai, India, 10–12 July 2005; pp. 54–58. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Zainurin, S.N.; Ismail, W.Z.W.; Mahamud, S.N.I.; Ismail, I.; Jamaludin, J.; Ab Aziz, N.A. Integration of Sensing Framework with a Decision Support System for Monitoring Water Quality in Agriculture. Agriculture 2023 , 13 , 1000. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Tzerakis, K.; Psarras, G.; Kourgialas, N.N. Developing an Open-Source IoT Platform for Optimal Irrigation Scheduling and Decision-Making: Implementation at Olive Grove Parcels. Water 2023 , 15 , 1739. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Sharifnasab, H.; Mahrokh, A.; Dehghanisanij, H.; Łazuka, E.; Łagód, G.; Karami, H. Evaluating the Use of Intelligent Irrigation Systems Based on the IoT in Grain Corn Irrigation. Water 2023 , 15 , 1394. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Champness, M.; Vial, L.; Ballester, C.; Hornbuckle, J. Evaluating the Performance and Opportunity Cost of a Smart-Sensed Automated Irrigation System for Water-Saving Rice Cultivation in Temperate Australia. Agriculture 2023 , 13 , 903. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Sánchez Millán, F.; Ortiz, F.J.; Mestre Ortuño, T.C.; Frutos, A.; Martínez, V. Development of Smart Irrigation Equipment for Soilless Crops Based on the Current Most Representative Water-Demand Sensors. Sensors 2023 , 23 , 3177. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
  • Hoque, M.J.; Islam, M.S.; Khaliluzzaman, M. A Fuzzy Logic- and Internet of Things-Based Smart Irrigation System. Eng. Proc. 2023 , 58 , 93. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Alibabaei, K.; Gaspar, P.D.; Assunção, E.; Alirezazadeh, S.; Lima, T.M. Irrigation optimization with a deep reinforcement learning model: Case study on a site in Portugal. Agric. Water Manag. 2022 , 263 , 107480. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Baradaran, A.A.; Tavazoei, M.S. Fuzzy system design for automatic irrigation of agricultural fields. Expert Syst. Appl. 2022 , 210 , 118602. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Veerachamy, R.; Ramar, R.; Balaji, S.; Sharmila, L. Autonomous Application Controls on Smart Irrigation. Comput. Electr. Eng. 2022 , 100 , 107855. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Gong, L.; Yan, J.; Chen, Y.; An, J.; He, L.; Zheng, L.; Zou, Z. An IoT-based intelligent irrigation system with data fusion and a self-powered wide-area network. J. Ind. Inf. Integr. 2022 , 29 , 100367. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Kashyap, P.K.; Kumar, S.; Jaiswal, A.; Prasad, M.; Gandomi, A.H. Towards precision agriculture: IoT-enabled intelligent irrigation systems using deep learning neural network. IEEE Sens. J. 2021 , 21 , 17479–17491. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Behzadipour, F.; Ghasemi Nezhad Raeini, M.; Abdanan Mehdizadeh, S.; Taki, M.; Moghadam, B.K.; Zare Bavani, M.R.; Lloret, J. A smart IoT-based irrigation system design using AI and prediction model. Neural Comput. Appl. 2023 , 35 , 24843–24857. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Jaiswal, S.; Ballal, M.S. Fuzzy inference based irrigation controller for agricultural demand side management. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2020 , 175 , 105537. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Tiglao, N.M.; Alipio, M.; Balanay, J.V.; Saldivar, E.; Tiston, J.L. Agrinex: A low-cost wireless mesh-based smart irrigation system. Measurement 2020 , 161 , 107874. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Perea, R.G.; Poyato, E.C.; Montesinos, P.; Díaz, J.R. Prediction of irrigation event occurrence at farm level using optimal decision trees. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2019 , 157 , 173–180. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Adeyemi, O.; Grove, I.; Peets, S.; Domun, Y.; Norton, T. Dynamic Neural Network Modelling of Soil Moisture Content for Predictive Irrigation Scheduling. Sensors 2018 , 18 , 3408. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
  • State of California, Department of Water Resources Water Use and Efficiency Branch California Irrigation Management Information System. Available online: https://cimis.water.ca.gov/Content/PDF/Getting_Started_with_CIMIS.pdf (accessed on 5 May 2024).
  • Trilnick, I.; Huang, A.; Silver, J.; Gordon, B.; Zilberman, B. The Multiple Benefits of CIMIS—Publicly Provided Weather and Irrigation Information in California ; ARE Update; University of California Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics: Berkeley, CA, USA, 2022; Volume 25, pp. 5–8. Available online: https://giannini.ucop.edu/filer/file/1661186505/20471/ (accessed on 1 June 2024).
  • Kohli, G.; Lee, C.M.; Fisher, J.B.; Halverson, G.; Variano, E.; Jin, Y.; Carney, D.; Wilder, B.A.; Kinoshita, A.M. ECOSTRESS and CIMIS: A Comparison of Potential and Reference Evapotranspiration in Riverside County, California. Remote Sens. 2020 , 12 , 4126. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Fulton, A.; Beede, R.; Phene, R. Implementing CIMIS at the farm level: A grower’s experience in walnuts. Califfornia Agric. 1991 , 45 , 38–40. Available online: https://calag.ucanr.edu/archive/?article=ca.v045n05p38 (accessed on 1 June 2024).
  • Montgomery, J.; Hoogers, R.; Joshua, E.; Hume, I.; Vleeshouwer, J. IrriSAT—Weather based scheduling and benchmarking technology. “Building Productive, Diverse and Sustainable Landscapes”. In Proceedings of the 2015, 17th ASA Conference, Hobart, Australia, 20–24 September 2015; Available online: https://www.agronomyaustraliaproceedings.org/images/sampledata/2015_Conference/pdf/agronomy2015final00449.pdf (accessed on 1 June 2024).
  • Garrido-Rubio, J.; González-Piqueras, J.; Campos, I.; Osann, A.; González-Gómez, L.; Calera, A. Remote sensing–based soil water balance for irrigation water accounting at plot and water user association management scale. In Agricultural Water Management ; Elsevier BV: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2020; Volume 238, p. 106236. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Car, N.J.; Christen, E.W.; Hornbuckle, J.W.; Moore, G.A. Using a mobile phone Short Messaging Service (SMS) for irrigation scheduling in Australia—Farmers’ participation and utility evaluation. In Computers and Electronics in Agriculture ; Elsevier BV: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2012; Volume 84, pp. 132–143. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • John, W.H.; Nicholas, J.C.; Evan, W.C.; Christen, T.S.; Bill, W. IrriSatSMS Irrigation Water Management by Satellite and SMS—A Utilization Framework ; CRC for Irrigation Futures Technical Report No. 01/09CSIRO Land and Water Science Report No. 04/09; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2009. [ Google Scholar ]
  • Blueleaf. Save Water for Agriculture with Bluleaf! 2015. Available online: https://www.bluleaf.it/en/save-water-for-agriculture-with-bluleaf/ (accessed on 5 June 2024).
  • CoAgMET. Available online: https://coagmet.colostate.edu/ (accessed on 25 June 2024).
  • IRMA_Sys. Available online: https://irmasys.com (accessed on 25 June 2024).
  • Malamos, N.; Tsirogiannis, I.L.; Christofides, A. Modelling irrigation management services: The IRMA_SYS case. In International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Management and Informatics ; Inderscience Publishers: Geneva, Switzerland, 2016; Volume 2, p. 1. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Chauhdary, J.N.; Li, H.; Jiang, Y.; Pan, X.; Hussain, Z.; Javaid, M.; Rizwan, M. Advances in Sprinkler Irrigation: A Review in the Context of Precision Irrigation for Crop Production. Agronomy 2024 , 14 , 47. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Shanmugasundaram, N.; Kumar, G.S.; Sankaralingam, S.; Vishal, S.; Kamaleswaran, N. Smart Irrigation Using Modern Technologies. In Proceedings of the 2023 9th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS), Coimbatore, India, 17–18 March 2023; pp. 2025–2030. Available online: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10113059 (accessed on 1 June 2024).
  • Hassan, E.S.; Alharbi, A.A.; Oshaba, A.S.; El-Emary, A. Enhancing Smart Irrigation Efficiency: A New WSN-Based Localization Method for Water Conservation. Water 2024 , 16 , 672. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Benameur, R.; Dahane, A.; Kechar, B.; Benyamina, A.E.H. An Innovative Smart and Sustainable Low-Cost Irrigation System for Anomaly Detection Using Deep Learning. Sensors 2024 , 24 , 1162. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Al Mashhadany, Y.; Alsanad, H.R.; Al-Askari, M.A.; Algburi, S.; Taha, B.A. Irrigation intelligence—Enabling a cloud-based Internet of Things approach for enhanced water management in agriculture. Environ. Monit. Assess 2024 , 196 , 1–13. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Alce, A.R.B.; Nabua, M.A.; Galido, A.P. Automated Safe AWD Rice Irrigation Scheduling using Low-Power WAN Technology. Procedia Comput. Sci. 2024 , 234 , 1769–1776. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Morchid, A.; Ishaq, G.; Alblushi, M.; Khalid, H.M.; El Alami, R.; Sitaramanan, S.R.; Muyeen, S.M. High-technology agriculture system to enhance food security: A concept of smart irrigation system using Internet of Things and cloud computing. J. Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci. 2024; in press . [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Manocha, A.; Sood, S.K.; Bhatia, M. IoT-digital twin-inspired smart irrigation approach for optimal water utilization. Sustain. Comput. Inform. Syst. 2024 , 41 , 100947. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Abbas, N.S.; Salim, M.S.; Sabri, N. ASCD: Automatic sensing and control device for crop irrigation scheduling. HardwareX 2024 , 18 , e00523. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
  • Singh, N.; Sharma, A.K.; Sarkar, I.; Prabhu, S.; Chadaga, K. IoT-based greenhouse technologies for enhanced crop production: A comprehensive study of monitoring, control, and communication techniques. Syst. Sci. Control Eng. 2024 , 12 , 2306825. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Vakula Rani, J.; Jakka, A.; Jagath, M. A Smart Irrigation System for Plant Health Monitoring Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and IoT. In IoT Based Control Networks and Intelligent Systems ; ICICNIS 2023. Lecture Notes in Networks and, Systems; Joby, P.P., Alencar, M.S., Falkowski-Gilski, P., Eds.; Springer: Singapore, 2023; Volume 789. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Seyar, M.H.; Ahamed, T. Development of an IoT-Based Precision Irrigation System for Tomato Production from Indoor Seedling Germination to Outdoor Field Production. Appl. Sci. 2023 , 13 , 5556. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Dahane, A.; Benameur, R.; Kechar, B. An IoT Low-Cost Smart Farming for Enhancing Irrigation Efficiency of Smallholders Farmers. Wirel. Pers. Commun. 2022 , 127 , 3173–3210. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Shahidi, S.; Peyal, M.M.K.; Salim, K.M.; Hasan, M. Design of Smart Irrigation Monitoring and Control System Based on the Internet of Things. In Proceedings of the IEEE 6th International Conference on Universal Village UV2022, Boston, MA, USA, 20–25 October 2022; Session TS5-B-8. Available online: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10185526 (accessed on 1 June 2024).
  • Chithra, V.; Prathibanandhi, J.R.D.R.K.; Priya, C. Smart Sprinkler System Using Raspberry Pi. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Communication, Computing and Internet of Things (IC3IoT) 2022, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 9–13 July 2022; pp. 1–5. Available online: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/976798 (accessed on 1 June 2024).
  • Cheema, S.M.; Ali, M.; Pires, I.M.; Gonçalves, N.J.; Naqvi, M.H.; Hassan, M. IoT Enabled Smart Farming: Urdu Language-Based Solution for Low-Literate Farmers. Agriculture 2022 , 12 , 1277. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Pham, C.; Rahim, A.; Hartmann, C.; Dupont, C.; Forster, J.; Markwordt, F.; Printanier, J.F.; Kechar, B.; Benkhelifa, M.; Baraka, K.; et al. Deploying Low-Cost and Full Edge-IoT/AI System for Optimizing Irrigation in Smallholder Farmers Communities. In Proceedings of the Workshops at 18th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE2022), Biarritz, France, 20–23 June 2022; IOS Press: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2022. [ Google Scholar ]
  • Chakraborty, A.; Islam, M.; Dhar, A.; Hossain, M.S. IoT Based Greenhouse Environment Monitoring and Smart Irrigation System for Precision Farming Technology. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Innovations in Science, Engineering and Technology (ICISET), Chittagong, Bangladesh, 26–27 February 2022; pp. 123–128. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Sahoo, S.R.; Agyeman, B.T.; Debnath, S.; Liu, J. Knowledge-Based Optimal Irrigation Scheduling of Agro-Hydrological Systems. Sustainability 2022 , 14 , 1304. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Xie, J.; Chen, Y.; Gao, P.; Sun, D.; Xue, X.; Yin, D.; Han, Y.; Wang, W. Smart fuzzy irrigation system for litchi orchards. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2022 , 201 , 107287. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Chen, M.; Cui, Y.; Wang, X.; Xie, H.; Liu, F.; Luo, T.; Zheng, S.; Luo, Y. A reinforcement learning approach to irrigation decision-making for rice using weather forecasts. Agric. Water Manag. 2021 , 250 , 106838. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Gimpel, H.; Graf-Drasch, V.; Hawlitschek, F.; Neumeier, K. Designing smart and sustainable irrigation: A case study. J. Clean. Prod. 2021 , 315 , 128048. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Zia, H.; Rehman, A.; Harris, N.R.; Fatima, S.; Khurram, M. An Experimental Comparison of IoT-Based and Traditional Irrigation Scheduling on a Flood-Irrigated Subtropical Lemon Farm. Sensors 2021 , 21 , 4175. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Mohammed, M.; Riad, K.; Alqahtani, N. Efficient IoT-Based Control for a Smart Subsurface Irrigation System to Enhance Irrigation Management of Date Palm. Sensors 2021 , 21 , 3942. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
  • Nath, S.D.; Hossain, M.S.; Chowdhury, I.A.; Tasneem, S.; Hasan, M.; Chakma, R. Design and Implementation of an IoT Based Greenhouse Monitoring and Controlling System. J. Comput. Sci. Technol. Stud. 2021 , 3 , 01–06. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Mousavi, S.K.; Ghaffari, A.; Besharat, S.; Afshari, H. Improving the security of internet of things using cryptographic algorithms: A case of smart irrigation systems. J. Ambient Intell. Hum. Comput. 2020 , 12 , 2033–2051. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Fraga-Lamas, P.; Celaya-Echarri, M.; Azpilicueta, L.; Lopez-Iturri, P.; Falcone, F.; Fernández-Caramés, T.M. Design and Empirical Validation of a LoRaWAN IoT Smart Irrigation System. Proceedings 2020 , 42 , 62. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Froiz-Míguez, I.; Lopez-Iturri, P.; Fraga-Lamas, P.; Celaya-Echarri, M.; Blanco-Novoa, Ó.; Azpilicueta, L.; Falcone, F.; Fernández-Caramés, T.M. Design, Implementation, and Empirical Validation of an IoT Smart Irrigation System for Fog Computing Applications Based on LoRa and LoRaWAN Sensor Nodes. Sensors 2020 , 20 , 6865. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Guillén-Navarro, M.A.; Martínez-España, R.; Bueno-Crespo, A.; Morales-García, J.; Ayuso, B.; Cecilia, J.M. A Decision Support System for Water Optimization in Anti-Frost Techniques by Sprinklers. Sensors 2020 , 20 , 7129. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Aryan, S.T.; Vidya, N.P.; Atulkumar, A.M.; Satyam, S.T.; Aditya, S.T.; Shivaprasad, K.T.; Dipali, M.A. Systematic irrigation system deploying sensor technology. I Manag. J. Instrum. Control Eng. 2024 , 12 , 1. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Umair, S.M.; Usman, R. Automation of irrigation system using ANN based controller. Int. J. Electr. Comput. Sci. IJECS-IJENS 2010 , 10 , 41–47. [ Google Scholar ]
  • Palermo, S.A.; Maiolo, M.; Brusco, A.C.; Turco, M.; Pirouz, B.; Greco, E.; Spezzano, G.; Piro, P. Smart Technologies for Water Resource Management: An Overview. Sensors 2022 , 22 , 6225. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
  • Boman, B.; Smith, S.; Tullos, B. Control and Automation in Citrus Microirrigation Systems ; Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, UF/IFAS Extension; University of Florida: Gainesville, FL, USA, 2018. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Bwambale, E.; Abagale, F.K.; Anornu, G.K. Smart irrigation monitoring and control strategies for improving water use efficiency in precision agriculture: A review. Agric. Water Manag. 2022 , 260 , 107324. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Meseguer, J.; Quevedo, J. Real-Time Monitoring and Control in Water Systems. In Real-time Monitoring and Operational Control of Drinking-Water Systems ; Advances in Industrial Control; Puig, V., Ocampo-Martínez, C., Pérez, R., Cembrano, G., Quevedo, J., Escobet, T., Eds.; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2017. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Zaki, F.M.M.; Tajjudin, I.N. IoT-Based System for Monitoring Smart Agriculture’s Automated Irrigation. In Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE International Conference on Agrosystem Engineering, Technology & Applications (AGRETA), Shah Alam, Malaysia, 9 September 2023; pp. 135–141. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Teja, R. Open Loop System. Electronics Tutorials, Systems. Electronic Hub. 2024. Available online: https://www.electronicshub.org/open-loop-system/ (accessed on 5 May 2024).
  • Christ, R.D.; Wernli, R.L., Sr. Design Theory and Standards. In The ROV Manual , 2nd ed.; A User Guide for Remotely Operated Vehicles; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2014; pp. 55–92. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Dunn, T. Basics of Control Systems. In Flexible Packaging, Materials, Machinery, and Techniques ; William Andrew: Norwich, NY, USA, 2015; pp. 103–110. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Nurhadi, H.; Tarng, Y. Open- and Closed-Loop System of Computer Integrated Desktop-scale CNC Machine. IFAC Proc. 2010 , 42 , 222–226. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Mendonça, K.H.; Gomes, H.P.; Villanueva, J.M.M. Automation and control of a pressurized collective irrigation system based on fuzzy logic. Water Pract. Technol. 2022 , 17 , 1635–1651. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Sudarmaji, A.; Sahirman, S.; Saparso Ramadhani, Y. Time based automatic system of drip and sprinkler irrigation for horticulture cultivation on coastal area. In Proceedings of the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science; IOP Publishing: Bristol, UK, 2019; Volume 250, p. 012074. Available online: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/250/1/012074/meta (accessed on 5 May 2024).
  • Sharma, K.L.S. Automation strategies. In Overview of Industrial Process Automation ; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2011; pp. 53–62. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Khosravanian, R.; Aadnoy, B.S. Chapter One—Introduction to digital twin, automation and real-time centers. In Methods for Petroleum Well Optimzation. Automation and Data Solutions ; Elsevier BV: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2022; pp. 1–30. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Schöning, J.; Pfisterer, H.J. Safe and Trustful AI for Closed-Loop Control Systems. Electronics 2023 , 12 , 3489. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Zacher, S. Closed Loop Control and Management. In Closed Loop Control and Management ; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2022. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Klein, L.J.; Hamann, H.F.; Hinds, N.; Guha, S.; Sanchez, L.; Sams, B.; Dokoozlian, N. Closed loop controlled precision irrigation sensor network. IEEE Internet Things J. 2018 , 5 , 4580–4588. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Patil, P.; Desai, L.B. Intelligent irrigation control system by employing wireless sensor networks. Int. J. Comput. Appl. 2013 , 79 , 33–40. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Yan, H.F.; Acquah, S.J.; Zhang, J.Y.; Wang, G.Q.; Zhang, C.; Darko, R.O. Overview of modelling techniques for greenhouse microclimate environment and evapotranspiration. Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng. 2021 , 14 , 1–8. Available online: https://www.ijabe.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/3948 (accessed on 1 June 2024). [ CrossRef ]
  • Yan, H.F.; Yu, J.; Zhang, C.; Wang, G.; Huang, S.; Ma, J. Comparision of two canaopy resistance models to estimate evapotrasnpiration for tea and wheat in southeast China. Agric. Water Manag. 2020 , 245 , 106581. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • ASABE 2022. Weather-Based Landscape Irrigation Control Systems. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ANSI/ASABE S627.1 OCT2022. Available online: https://elibrary.asabe.org/pdfviewer.aspx?GUID=CEF9ADF9-CDE1-49F0-9B4A-3B8A284C8B1F (accessed on 1 June 2024).
  • Chandler, S. What Are the Advantages of a Smart Irrigation System? TechTarget, IoT Agenda. 2019. Available online: https://www.techtarget.com/iotagenda/answer/What-are-the-advantages-of-a-smart-irrigation-system (accessed on 5 May 2024).
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency. WaterSense® Labeled Weather-Based Irrigation Controllers. 2012. Available online: https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2017-01/documents/ws-products-minireport-irrigation-controllers.pdf (accessed on 5 May 2024).
  • White, S.C.; Raine, S.R.; A Grower Guide to Plant Based Sensing for Irrigation Scheduling, Agriculture. Toowoomba, Australia. 2008. Available online: https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q1yzy/a-grower-guide-to-plant-based-sensing-for-irrigation-scheduling (accessed on 1 June 2024).
  • Akshath, M.J.; Amrutha, L.; Yarali, P.S. IoT-Based Weather Monitoring System. In Computational Intelligence in Machine Learning ; ICCIML 2022. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 1106; Gunjan, V.K., Kumar, A., Zurada, J.M., Singh, S.N., Eds.; Springer: Singapore, 2024. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Singh, D.K.; Sobti, R.; Jain, A.; Malik, P.K.; Le, D.N. LoRa based intelligent soil and weather condition monitoring with internet of things for precision agriculture in smart cities. IET Commun. 2022 , 16 , 604–618. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Velmurugan, S.; Balaji, V.; Bharathi, T.M.; Saravanan, K. An IOT based Smart Irrigation System using Soil Moisture and Weather Prediction. Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. 2020 , 8 , 1–4. Available online: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3597146 (accessed on 1 June 2024).
  • Keswani, B.; Mohapatra, A.G.; Mohanty, A.; Khanna, A.; Rodrigues, J.J.P.C.; Gupta, D.; De Albuquerque, V.H.C. Adapting weather conditions based IoT enabled smart irrigation technique in precision agriculture mechanisms. Neural Comput. Appl. 2019 , 31 (Suppl. S1), 277–292. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Wasson, T.; Choudhury, T.; Sharma, S.; Kumar, P. Integration of Rfid and sensor in agriculture using Iot. In International Conference on Smart Technology for Smart Nation ; IEEE: New York, NY, USA, 2017; pp. 217–222. Available online: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8358372 (accessed on 1 June 2024).
  • Kumar, A.; Bhatia, A.; Fagodiya, R.K.; Malyan, S.K.; Meena, B.L. Eddy covariance flux tower: A promising technique for greenhouse gases measurement. Adv. Plants Agric. Res. 2017 , 7 , 337–340. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Kumar, A.; Tomer, R.; Bhatia, A.; Jain, N.; Pathak, H. Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in Indian Agriculture. In Agro–Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change ; ICARIARI: New Delhi, India, 2016. [ Google Scholar ]
  • Akhlaq, M.; Zhang, C.; Yan, H.; Ou, M.; Zhang, W.; Liang, S.; Ikram, R.M. Response of tomato growth to continuous elevated CO 2 concentration under controlled environment. Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng. 2022 , 15 , 51–59. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Zhang, C.; Akhlaq, M.; Yan, H.; Ni, Y.; Liang, S.; Zhou, J.; Xue, R.; Li, M.; Adnan, R.M.; Li, J. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter as a predictor of tomato growth and yield under CO 2 enrichment in protective cultivation. Agric. Water Manag. 2023 , 284 , 108333. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Yan, H.F.; Deng, S.; Zhang, C.; Wang, G.; Zhao, S.; Li, M.; Liang, J.; Zhou, Y. Determination of energy partition of a cucumber grown Velo-type greenhouse in southeast China. Agric. Water Manag. 2023 , 276 , 108047. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Euser, T.; Luxemburg, W.M.J.; Everson, C.S.; Mengistu, M.G.; Clulow, A.D.; Bastiaanssen, W.G.M. A new method to measure Bowen ratios using high-resolution vertical dry and wet bulb temperature profiles. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2014 , 18 , 2021–2032. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Wang, J.; Buttar, N.A.; Hu, Y.; Lakhiar, I.A.; Javed, Q.; Shabbir, A. Estimation of Sensible and Latent Heat Fluxes Using Surface Renewal Method: Case Study of a Tea Plantation. Agronomy 2021 , 11 , 179. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Cecilia, B.; Alderotti Francesca, A.; Pasquini Dalila, P.; Stella Carlo, S.; Gori Antonella, G.; Francesco, F.; Marco, R.; Mauro, C. On-line monitoring of plant water status: Validation of a novel sensor based on photon attenuation of radiation through the leaf. Sci. Total Environ. Vol. 2022 , 817 , 152881. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Quemada, C.; Pérez-Escudero, J.M.; Gonzalo, R.; Ederra, I.; Santesteban, L.G.; Torres, N.; Iriarte, J.C. Remote Sensing for Plant Water Content Monitoring: A Review. Remote Sens. 2021 , 13 , 2088. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Chai, Y.; Chen, C.; Luo, X.; Zhan, S.; Kim, J.; Luo, J.; Wang, X.; Hu, Z.; Ying, Y.; Liu, X. Cohabiting Plant-Wearable Sensor In Situ Monitors Water Transport in Plant. Adv. Sci. 2021 , 8 , 2003642. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
  • Lampinen, B.; Shackel, K.; Southwick, S.; Olson, W. Deficit irrigation strategies using midday stem water potential in prune. Irrig. Sci. 2001 , 20 , 47–54. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Hedley, C.B.; Yule, I.J. A method for spatial prediction of daily soil water status for precise irrigation scheduling. Agric. Water Manag. 2009 , 96 , 1737–1745. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Thompson, R.B.; Gallardo, M.; Valdez, L.C.; Fernández, M.D. Using plant water status to define threshold values for irrigation management of vegetable crops using soil moisture sensors. Agric. Water Manag. 2007 , 88 , 147–158. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Delgoda, D.; Saleem, S.K.; Malano, H.; Halgamuge, M.N. Root zone soil moisture prediction models based on system identification: Formulation of the theory and validation using field and AQUACROP data. Agric. Water Manag. 2016 , 147163 , 344–353. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Jones, H.G. Monitoring plant and soil water status: Established and novel methods revisited and their relevance to studies of drought tolerance. J. Exp. Bot. 2007 , 58 , 119–130. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Earth Observation System. Soil Moisture Sensor: Advanced Technology for Precision Farming [WWW Document]. 2020. Available online: https://eos.com/blog/soil-moisture-sensor/ (accessed on 5 May 2024).
  • Islam, M.R.; Oliullah, K.; Kabir, M.M.; Alom, M.; Mridha, M.F. Machine learning enabled IoT system for soil nutrients monitoring and crop recommendation. J. Agric. Food Res. 2023 , 14 , 100880. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Comegna, A.; Hassan, S.B.M.; Coppola, A. Development and Application of an IoT-Based System for Soil Water Status Monitoring in a Soil Profile. Sensors 2024 , 24 , 2725. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
  • Lloret, J.; Sendra, S.; Garcia, L.; Jimenez, J.M. A Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Soil Moisture Monitoring in Precision Agriculture. Sensors 2021 , 21 , 7243. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • DeRouin, A.J.; You, Z.; Hansen, M.; Diab, A.; Ong, K.G. Development and application of the single-spiral inductive-capacitive resonant circuit sensor for wireless, real-time characterization of moisture in sand. J. Sens. 2013 , 2013 , 894512. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Kizito, F.; Campbell, C.S.; Campbell, G.S.; Cobos, D.R.; Teare, B.L.; Carter, B.; Hopmans, J.W. Frequency, electrical conductivity and temperature analysis of a low-cost capacitance soil moisture sensor. J. Hydrol. 2008 , 352 , 367–378. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Shamshiri, R.R.; Balasundram, S.K.; Kaviani Rad, A.; Sultan, M.; Hameed, I.A. An Overview of Soil Moisture and Salinity Sensors for Digital Agriculture Applications ; IntechOpen: Rijeka, Croatia, 2022. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Samreen, T.; Ahmad, M.; Baig, M.T.; Kanwal, S.; Nazir, M.Z.; Sidra-Tul-Muntaha. Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture for Irrigation Management. Environ. Sci. Proc 2022 , 23 , 31. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Kharrou, M.H.; Simonneaux, V.; Er-Raki, S.; Le Page, M.; Khabba, S.; Chehbouni, A. Assessing Irrigation Water Use with Remote Sensing-Based Soil Water Balance at an Irrigation Scheme Level in a Semi-Arid Region of Morocco. Remote Sens. 2021 , 13 , 1133. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Raza, A.; Khaliq, A.; Hu, Y.; Zubair, N.; Acharki, S.; Zubair, M.; Syed, N.R.; Ahmad, F.; Iqbal, S.; Elbeltagi, A. Water Resources and Irrigation Management Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques: Case of Multan District (Pakistan). In Surface and Groundwater Resources Development and Management in Semi-Arid Region ; Pande, C.B., Kumar, M., Kushwaha, N.L., Eds.; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2023. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Cherif, R.; Simonneaux, V.; Rivalland, V.; Gascoin, S.; Le Page, M.; Ceschia, E. Distributed Modelling of Evapotranspiration Using High-Resolution NDVI Maps over Cropland in South-West France ; General Assembly, Vienna. 14.1061C; European Geosciences Union (EGU): Munich, Germany, 2012. [ Google Scholar ]
  • González-Dugo, M.P.; Escuin, S.; Cano, F.; Cifuentes, V.; Padilla, F.L.M.; Tirado, J.L.; Oyonarte, N.; Fernández, P. Mateos Monitoring evapotranspiration of irrigated crops using crop coefficients derived from time series of satellite images. II. Application on basin scale. Agric. Water Manag. 2013 , 125 , 92–104. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Vuolo, F.; D’Urso, G.; De Michele, C.; Bianchi, B.; Cutting, M. Satellite-based irrigation advisory services: A common tool for different experiences from Europe to Australia. Agric. Water Manag. 2015 , 147 , 82–95. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Calera Belmonte, A.; Jochum, A.M.; García Cuesta, A.; Rodríguez Montoro, A.; Fuster López, P. Irrigation management from space: Towards user-friendly products. Irrig. Drain. Syst. 2005 , 19 , 337–353. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Moreno, R.; Arias, E.; Sánchez, J.L.; Cazorla, D.; Garrido, J.; Gonzalez-Piqueras, J. HidroMORE2: An optimized and parallel version of HidroMORE. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Information and Communication Systems (ICICS), Irbid, Jordan, 4–6 April 2017; pp. 1–6. [ Google Scholar ]
  • Lepage, M.; Simonneaux, V.; Thomas, S.; Metral, J.; Duchemin, B.; Kharrou, H.; Cherkaoui, M.; Chehbouni, A. SAMIR a tool for irrigation monitoring using remote sensing for evapotranspiration estimate. In Technological Perspectives for Rational Use of Water Resources in the Mediterranean Region ; Options Méditerranéennes: Série, A. Séminaires Méditerranéens; n. 88; El Moujabber, M., Mandi, L., Trisorio-Liuzzi, G., Martín, I., Rabi, A., Rodríguez, R., Eds.; CIHEAM: Bari, Italy, 2009; pp. 275–282. Available online: http://om.ciheam.org/article.php?IDPDF=801202 (accessed on 1 June 2024).
  • Zaman, A. Participatory Irrigation Management: Barind Model—A New Sustainable Initiative. In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Futures ; Palgrave Macmillan: Cham, Switzerland, 2021. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Chattopadhyay, S.; De, I.; Mishra, P.; Parey, A.; Dutta, S. Participatory water institutions and sustainable irrigation management: Evidence and lessons from West Bengal, India. Water Policy 2022 , 24 , 667–684. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Zhou, Q.; Deng, X.; Wu, F.; Li, Z.; Song, W. Participatory Irrigation Management and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency in Maize Production: Evidence from Zhangye City, Northwestern China. Water 2017 , 9 , 822. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Welsien, K.; Lazar, A. Pre-Paid Water Meters: Can the Technology Fund Itself and Increase Access? World Bank Blogs, Published on The Water Blog. 2021. Available online: https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/water/pre-paid-water-meters-can-technology-fund-itself-and-increase-access (accessed on 25 June 2024).
  • Hachimi, C.E.; Belaqziz, S.; Khabba, S.; Sebbar, B.; Dhiba, D.; Chehbouni, A. Smart Weather Data Management Based on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analytics for Precision Agriculture. Agriculture 2023 , 13 , 95. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Yassin, M.A.; Alazba, A.A.; Mattar, M.A. Artificial neural networks versus gene expression programming for estimating reference evapotranspiration in arid climate. Agric. Water Manag. 2016 , 163 , 110–124. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Gaikwad, V.; Kamtalwar, N.; Karadbhajne, H.; Karmarkar, M.; Kendre, H.; Ketkar, O. IoT-based Automatic Weather Station. In Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things (IDCIoT), Bengaluru, India, 5–7 January 2023; pp. 826–830. [ Google Scholar ]
  • Srinidhi, J.A.; Aasish, A.; Kumar, N.K.; Ramakrishnaiah, T. WSN smart irrigation system and weather report system. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering ; IOP Publishing: Bristol, UK, 2021; Volume 1042, p. 012018. [ Google Scholar ]
  • Ambildhuke, G.; Banik, B.G. IoT based Portable Weather Station for Irrigation Management using Real-Time Parameters. Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. 2022 , 13 , 267–278. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Li, D.; Li, G.; Li, J.; Xu, S. Wearable Crop Sensor Based on Nano-Graphene Oxide for Noninvasive Real-Time Monitoring of Plant Water. Membranes 2022 , 12 , 358. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
  • Vurro, F.; Janni, M.; Coppedè, N.; Gentile, F.; Manfredi, R.; Bettelli, M.; Zappettini, A. Development of an In Vivo Sensor to Monitor the Effects of Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD) Changes to Improve Water Productivity in Agriculture. Sensors 2019 , 19 , 4667. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
  • Palazzari, V.; Mezzanotte, P.; Alimenti, F.; Fratini, F.; Orecchini, G.; Roselli, L. Leaf compatible “eco-friendly” temperature sensor clip for high density monitoring wireless networks. Wirel. Power Transf. 2017 , 4 , 55–60. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Atherton, J.J.; Rosamond, M.C.; Zeze, D.A. A leaf-mounted thermal sensor for the measurement of water content. Sens. Actuators A Phys. 2012 , 187 , 67–72. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Wu, X.; Walker, J.P.; Wong, V. Proximal Soil Moisture Sensing for Real-Time Water Delivery Control: Exploratory Study over a Potato Farm. Agriculture 2023 , 13 , 1297. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Dafalla, M. Using 5TE Sensors for Monitoring Moisture Conditions in Green Parks. Sensors 2024 , 24 , 3479. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Chavanne, X.; Frangi, J.P. A Sensor to Monitor Soil Moisture, Salinity, and Temperature Profiles for Wireless Networks. J. Sens. Actuator Netw. 2024 , 13 , 32. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Osanaiye, O.A.; Mannan, T.; Aina, F. An IoT-based soil moisture monitor. Afr. J. Sci. Technol. Innov. Dev. 2022 , 14 , 1908–1915. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Dong, Y.; Werling, B.; Cao, Z.; Li, G. Implementation of an in-field IoT system for precision irrigation management. Front. Water 2024 , 6 , 1353597. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Tan, P.; Gebremariam, E.T.; Rahman, M.S.; Salman, H.; Xu, H. Design and implementation of soil moisture monitoring and irrigation system based on arm and iot. Procedia Comput. Sci. 2022 , 208 , 486–493. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Pathmudi, V.R.; Khatri, N.; Kumar, S.; Abdul-Qawy, A.S.H.; Vyas, A.K. A systematic review of IoT technologies and their constituents for smart and sustainable agriculture applications. Sci. Afr. 2023 , 19 , e01577. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Jararweh, Y.; Fatima, S.; Jarrah, M.; AlZu’bi, S. Smart and sustainable agriculture: Fundamentals enabling technologies and future directions. Comput. Electr. Eng. 2023 , 110 , 108799. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Hasan, M.Z.; Hanapi, Z.M. Efficient and secured mechanisms for data link in IoT WSNs: A literature review. Electronics 2023 , 12 , 458. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Manikandan, R.G.; Ranganathan, B.V. Deep learning based IoT module for smart farming in different environmental conditions. Wirel. Pers. Commun. 2023 , 128 , 1715–1732. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Bakthavatchalam, K. IoT framework for measurement and precision agriculture: Predicting the crop using machine learning algorithms. Technologies 2022 , 10 , 13. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Mowla, M.N.N.; Mowla, A.F.M.S.; Shah, K.M.; Rabie, S.T. Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Agriculture Applications: A Survey. IEEE Access 2023 , 11 , 145813–145852. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Dursun, M.; Ozden, S. A wireless application of drip irrigation automation supported by soil moisture sensors. Sci. Res. Essays 2011 , 6 , 1573–1582. [ Google Scholar ]
  • Ani, A.; Gopalakirishnan, P. Automated hydroponic drip irrigation using big data. In Proceedings of the 2020 Second International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA), Coimbatore, India, 15–17 July 2020; pp. 370–375. [ Google Scholar ]
  • Usmonov, M.; Gregoretti, F. Design and implementation of a LoRa based wireless control for drip irrigation systems. In Proceedings of the 2017 2nd International Conference on Robotics and Automation Engineering (ICRAE), Shanghai, China, 29–31 December 2017; pp. 248–253. [ Google Scholar ]
  • Krishnan, R.S.; Julie, E.G.; Robinson, Y.H.; Raja, S.; Kumar, R.; Thong, P.H. Fuzzy logic based smart irrigation system using internet of things. J. Clean. Prod. 2020 , 252 , 119902. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Jain, R.K.; Gupta, B.; Ansari, M.; Ray, P.P. IOT enabled smart drip irrigation system using web/android applications. In Proceedings of the 2020 11th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), Kharagpur, India, 1–3 July 2020; pp. 1–6. [ Google Scholar ]
  • Math, A.; Ali, L.; Pruthviraj, U. Development of smart drip irrigation system using IoT. In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Distributed Computing, VLSI, Electrical Circuits and Robotics (DISCOVER), Moodabidri, India, 13–14 August 2018; pp. 126–130. [ Google Scholar ]
  • Satriyo, P.; Nasution, I.S.; Della, D.V. Controlled sprinkler irrigation system for agricultural plant cultivation. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science ; IOP Publishing: Bristol, UK, 2021; Volume 922, p. 012046. [ Google Scholar ]
  • Kumar, D.; Choudhury, U. Chapter 13–Agriculture-IoT-based sprinkler system for water and fertilizer conservation and management. In Design and Development of Efficient Energy Systems ; Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2022; pp. 229–244. [ Google Scholar ]
  • Rampriya, R.; Surya, N. IoT Based Smart Sprinkler Irrigation System Using GSM. International Journal of Research in Engineering. Sci. Manag. 2018 , 1 , 152–153. Available online: https://www.ijresm.com/Vol_1_2018/Vol1_Iss11_November18/IJRESM_V1_I11_38.pdf (accessed on 1 June 2024).
  • Kaur, A.; Bhatt, D.P.; Raja, L. Developing a Hybrid Irrigation System for Smart Agriculture Using IoT Sensors and Machine Learning in Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan. J. Sens. 2024 , 2024 , 6676907. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Nagarajan, G.; Minu, R.I. Wireless Soil Monitoring Sensor for Sprinkler Irrigation Automation System. Wirel. Pers. Commun. 2018 , 98 , 1835–1851. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Venkatesh, B.; Suresh, Y.; Chinna Babu, J.; Guru Mohan, N.; Madana Kumar Reddy, C.; Kumar, M. Design and implementation of a wireless communication-based sprinkler irrigation system with seed sowing functionality. SN Appl. Sci. 2023 , 5 , 379. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Liu, Y.-M.; Wu, S.-C.; Nian, X.-H. The Architecture and Characteristics of Wireless Sensor Network. In Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computer Technology and Development, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, 13–15 November 2009; pp. 561–565. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Hassan, E.S. Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation Algorithm for CR-WSN-Based Smart Irrigation System under Realistic Scenarios. Agriculture 2023 , 13 , 1149. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Tang, P.; Liang, Q.; Li, H.; Pang, Y. Application of Internet-of-Things Wireless Communication Technology in Agricultural Irrigation Management: A Review. Sustainability 2024 , 16 , 3575. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Lalle, Y.; Fourati, M.; Fourati, L.C.; Barraca, J.P. Communication technologies for Smart Water Grid applications: Overview, opportunities, and research directions. Comput. Netw. 2021 , 190 , 107940. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Obaideen, K.; Yousef, B.A.; AlMallahi, M.N.; Tan, Y.C.; Mahmoud, M.; Jaber, H.; Ramadan, M. An overview of smart irrigation systems using IoT. Energy Nexus 2022 , 7 , 100124. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Okoli, N.J.; Kabaso, B. Building a Smart Water City: IoT Smart Water Technologies, Applications, and Future Directions. Water 2024 , 16 , 557. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Ahmed, Z.; Gui, D.; Murtaza, G.; Yunfei, L.; Ali, S. An overview of smart irrigation management for improving water productivity under climate change in drylands. Agronomy 2023 , 13 , 2113. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Disasa, K.N.; Yan, H.; Wang, G.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, C.; Zhu, X. Projection of future precipitation, air temperature, and solar radiation changes in southeastern China. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 2024 . [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Bhat, S.A.; Huang, N.F.; Sofi, I.B.; Sultan, M. Agriculture-Food Supply Chain Management Based on Blockchain and IoT: A Narrative on Enterprise Blockchain Interoperability. Agriculture 2022 , 12 , 40. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Wei, H.; Xu, W.; Kang, B.; Eisner, R.; Muleke, A.; Rodriguez, D.; deVoil, P.; Sadras, V.; Monjardino, M.; Harrison, M.T. Irrigation with Artificial Intelligence: Problems, Premises, Promises. Hum.-Centric Intell. Syst. 2024 , 4 , 187–205. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Abioye, E.A.; Hensel, O.; Esau, T.J.; Elijah, O.; Abidin, M.S.Z.; Ayobami, A.S.; Yerima, O.; Nasirahmadi, A. Precision Irrigation Management Using Machine Learning and Digital Farming Solutions. AgriEngineering 2022 , 4 , 70–103. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Drogkoula, M.; Kokkinos, K.; Samaras, N. A Comprehensive Survey of Machine Learning Methodologies with Emphasis in Water Resources Management. Appl. Sci. 2023 , 13 , 12147. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Bondad, J.; Harrison, M.T.; Whish, J.; Sprague, S.; Barry, K. Integrated cropdisease models: New frontiers in systems thinking. Farming Syst. 2023 , 1 , 100004. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Syed, T.N.; Jizhan, L.; Xin, Z.; Shengyi, Z.; Yan, Y.; Mohamed, S.H.A.; Lakhiar, I.A. Seedling-lump integrated non-destructive monitoring for automatic transplanting with Intel RealSense depth camera. Artif. Intell. Agric. 2019 , 3 , 18–32. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Pandey, P.; Gupta, A.P.; Dutta, J.; Thakur, T.K. Role of Artificial Intelligence in Water Conservation with Special Reference to India. In Emerging Technologies for Water Supply, Conservation and Management ; Balaji, E., Veeraswamy, G., Mannala, P., Madhav, S., Eds.; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2023. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Vallejo-Gómez, D.; Osorio, M.; Hincapié, C.A. Smart Irrigation Systems in Agriculture: A Systematic Review. Agronomy 2023 , 13 , 342. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Oliveira, R.C.D.; Silva, R.D.d.S. Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture: Benefits, Challenges, and Trends. Appl. Sci. 2023 , 13 , 7405. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Tzachor, A.; Devare, M.; King, B.; Avin, S.; Ó hÉigeartaigh, S. Responsible artificial intelligence in agriculture requires systemic understanding of risks and externalities. Nat. Mach. Intell. 2022 , 4 , 104–109. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Zhou, J.; Chen, F. Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture. In Encyclopedia of Smart Agriculture Technologies ; Zhang, Q., Ed.; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2023. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
  • Cob-Parro, A.C.; Lalangui, Y.; Lazcano, R. Fostering Agricultural Transformation through AI: An Open-Source AI Architecture Exploiting the MLOps Paradigm. Agronomy 2024 , 14 , 259. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]

Click here to enlarge figure

Study ObjectCrop/FactorInput ParametersSmart ToolOutcome
SIS [ ].MaizeSM, CD, and IMDRLDRL tools are a potential method of IS.
Soil moisture [ ].CitrusCDRSTool exhibited the highest accuracy in predicting SM, with R of 0.635–0.921 and RRMSE of 7.214–18.564%.
Automation of drip system [ ].Agricultural fieldsCD and SMFL and WSANThe tool can calculate crops’ water needs and provide a scientific basis for water-saving irrigation to optimize fertilizer use.
Irrigation water quality [ ].Water resourcesWaterFLThe system helps farmers identify polluted water and decide on reliable IS.
SIS [ ].Olive grove parcelsSM and CDIoTThe proposed tool can be employed as a support service tool for SISs.
SIS [ ].CornSM and CDIoTEarlier harvesting and higher yield were found under the smart IWS system.
SIM [ ].RiceSM and water heightIoTA total of 82–88% and 57% labor savings were observed during the flush-irrigation and ponding period.
SIM [ ].Soilless cropsSM, CD, and IMGCSThe new MCP system significantly reduced input cost by 50% compared to other commercial smart systems.
SIM [ ].Agricultural fieldCD and SMFL and IoTThe proposed SIM significantly conserved and saved water and energy.
SIS [ ].TomatoSM, CD, and IMDQNImprove yield by 11% and decrease WC by 20–30%.
SIM [ ].Agricultural fieldSM, CD, and IMFLThe second mode is more efficient and saves WC by 70%.
Smart irrigation system [ ].Agricultural fieldSM and CDIoTThe proposed approach reduced water utilization and labor engaged for irrigation.
SIM [ ].Agricultural fieldSM and CDFLThe system achieved WC by 94.74% more than the conventional manual system.
Irrigation requirement forecasting [ ].Grass, farm, and arable landCD and SMDLNNThe proposed model showed high IWSs compared to others.
IoT-based SIS [ ].Agricultural fieldCDAI & PMThe SIS presented as the superior system with 11% water saving compared to the traditional method.
SIM [ ].Agricultural fieldSM and CDFLThe approach reduced irrigation costs by 30% and WC by 45% compared to the traditional method.
SIM [ ].Agricultural fieldCD and SMWSANConserved water up to 81% of WC.
Predicting the occurrence of irrigation events [ ].Tomato, maize riceCD and IMDTDeveloped models have been able to predict between 68% and 100% of the positive irrigation events and between 93% and 100% of the negative irrigation events.
Predicting irrigation scheduling [ ].PotatoSM, CD, and IMLSTMThe system attains an IWSs ranging from 20 to 46%.
CIMIS [ ].145 automated weather stationsCD-CIMIS helps farmers manage their water resources more efficiently and provides the data to determine when and how much to irrigate.
Benefits of CIMIS [ ].Agricultural fieldCD-CIMIS demonstrates the high value of public information that enhances water conservation and increases water-use efficiency.
ECOSTRESS and CIMIS [ ].Heterogeneous environmentsCD-ET measured with ECOSTRESS and CIMIS showed good agreement, and methods have significant implications for regional water utilities.
Implementing CIMIS [ ].WalnutsCD-Increased water use, production, and profits were experienced.
IRRISAT [ ].Agricultural fieldCDRSIt uses remote sensing data and provides site-specific crop management information at a relatively low cost across large scales.
RS-SWB [ ].Maize and wheatCDRSThe tool offers reproducible and reliable mapped estimations, and time series data allows irrigation land monitoring.
IrriSatSMS [ ].Agricultural fieldCDSMSA total of 80% of irrigators found the system helpful and easy to use. The tool can be used as a very cheap bi-directional communication channel.
IrriSatSMS [ ].Agricultural fieldCDSMSThe tool helped farmers determine how much water plants needed and how long they needed to run the pump daily.
Bluleaf [ ].Agricultural fieldCD-The tool can monitor, plan, and manage agricultural processes, particularly irrigation and fertigation.
CoAgMET [ ].Weather stationsCD-The data gathered from various stations helps to calculate ET values to model water use for different crops.
IRMA_SYS [ ].Agricultural fieldCD-The tool utilizes weather stations and flowmeter data and calculates daily water requirements, considering parameters of soil, cultivation, and irrigation practices.
Modelling with IRMA_SYS [ ].Agricultural fieldCD-IRMA_SYS is open, fully customizable, modular software that estimates field-specific crop WC and SIS at multiple scales, from farm to water basin level.
ObjectToolControllerCommunication ToolSensors
Data
Result DisplayRecommendation
Automation of drip irrigation [ ].IoTWeMos D1 boardWi-Fi and BHSMAndroid appThe tool is cost-efficient and uses real-time SM data to apply water in an automated way by switching the drip service ON/OFF using an Android app.
Automation of drip irrigation [ ].Big dataRaspberry PiWi-FiClimate and pHAndroid appThe tool allows farmers to stay connected and make any changes online.
Smart system for drip irrigation [ ].WSANEnd-device (slave node) boardLoRaWAN-GUI appThe tool is simpler, cost-effective, and designed to control drip irrigation systems.
Smart irrigation system [ ].IoT (Fuzzy logic)ArduinoGSMClimateAndroid appThe system proved that water and power conservation was more efficient than the local system.
Smart system for drip irrigation [ ].IoTArduino YUNWi-FiClimateMobile appAn intelligent system will permit farmers and gardeners to observe and nurture the crop’s yield and water use and improve overall production.
Smart drip irrigation system [ ].IoTRaspberry PiWi-Fi and BHClimate and leakagesWebpageThe tool decreases overall water wastage and human intervention, and the user can monitor and manage the system using a mobile app.
Controlled sprinkler system [ ].IoT (Blynk Platform)Arduino UnoWi-FiClimateMobile appThe Blynk tool could read the value of climate parameters and water discharge and carry out watering according to the desired SM level.
Smart sprinkler system [ ].IoTAVR-RISC-based ATMEGA 328Wi-FiSM & climateWebsiteThe smart system improves water savings by 55% and decreases fertilizer wastage by 25%.
Smart sprinkler system [ ].IoTArduino UNOGSMSMMobileThe tool is cost-effective for optimizing water inputs and can be used to switch on/off based on real-time data.
Hybrid sprinkler system [ ].IoTArduino UNOWi-FiSM and climateWebsite/AppThe present tool gives farmers access to monitoring and control irrigation fields remotely.
Smart sprinkler [ ].WSANZigBeeGPRSClimate and pHLCD displayThe proposed system can monitor and control various parameters with acceptable water over-supply levels.
Smart sprinkler system [ ].IoTArduino platform/ATMEGA328BHSMMobile appThe proposed system is cost-effective and significantly more efficient than traditional methods.
The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Share and Cite

Lakhiar, I.A.; Yan, H.; Zhang, C.; Wang, G.; He, B.; Hao, B.; Han, Y.; Wang, B.; Bao, R.; Syed, T.N.; et al. A Review of Precision Irrigation Water-Saving Technology under Changing Climate for Enhancing Water Use Efficiency, Crop Yield, and Environmental Footprints. Agriculture 2024 , 14 , 1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14071141

Lakhiar IA, Yan H, Zhang C, Wang G, He B, Hao B, Han Y, Wang B, Bao R, Syed TN, et al. A Review of Precision Irrigation Water-Saving Technology under Changing Climate for Enhancing Water Use Efficiency, Crop Yield, and Environmental Footprints. Agriculture . 2024; 14(7):1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14071141

Lakhiar, Imran Ali, Haofang Yan, Chuan Zhang, Guoqing Wang, Bin He, Beibei Hao, Yujing Han, Biyu Wang, Rongxuan Bao, Tabinda Naz Syed, and et al. 2024. "A Review of Precision Irrigation Water-Saving Technology under Changing Climate for Enhancing Water Use Efficiency, Crop Yield, and Environmental Footprints" Agriculture 14, no. 7: 1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14071141

Article Metrics

Article access statistics, further information, mdpi initiatives, follow mdpi.

MDPI

Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals

IMAGES

  1. IEEE Paper Template

    ieee research papers for free

  2. Ieee Format For Paper Presentation Sample Free Download

    ieee research papers for free

  3. Download Research Papers For Free From Ieee Springer

    ieee research papers for free

  4. IEEE format

    ieee research papers for free

  5. IEEE Paper Template in A4 (V1)

    ieee research papers for free

  6. Download IEEE Research papers free

    ieee research papers for free

VIDEO

  1. HOW TO DOWNLOAD ANY RESEARCH PAPERS FREE

  2. 5th International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning NLPML 2024

  3. How to download IEEE research/Journals for FREE!#india #education #trending #trendingvideo #students

  4. How to download IEEE Journal paper

  5. How to download IEEE research papers for free ||How to download IEEE paper free without access ||

  6. Call for Papers

COMMENTS

  1. This question is for testing whether you are a human ...

    This question is for testing whether you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submission. Audio is not supported in your browser.

  2. IEEE Free Resources

    Free resources that engage students in the history of technology are available through IEEE REACH, a donor supported program of the IEEE History Center. Parents and teachers can explore lesson ...

  3. IEEE

    We're pleased to offer you exclusive free access to a popular IEEE article on artificial intelligence. This content is just a glimpse of the vast collection of high quality technical research that your team could access with an IEEE Xplore subscription. Firms apply strategic foresight in technology and innovation management to detect ...

  4. How to Download IEEE Research Papers for Free?

    Table of Contents. Steps on How to Download IEEE Research Papers for Free. Step 1: Visit the IEEE Explore Site Library. Step 2: Search for the Paper Name. Step 3: Locate the DOI Section. Step 4: Visit Sci-Hub. Step 5: Paste the DOI Code. Step 6: Access and Download the Paper. FAQs.

  5. IEEE

    Over 4.2 million conference papers from as far back as 1936, with up to 200,000 added each year; Articles automatically save in your own IEEE electronic file cabinet providing convenient access to your past research; Multiple search options bring you the right research faster; All electronic IEEE publications in one place

  6. IEEE

    IEEE publishes the leading journals, transactions, letters, and magazines in electrical engineering, computing, biotechnology, telecommunications, power and energy, and dozens of other technologies. In addition, IEEE publishes more than 1,800 leading-edge conference proceedings every year, which are recognized by academia and industry worldwide ...

  7. Fully Open Access Topical Journals

    These journals are significant additions to IEEE's well-known and respected portfolio of fully open access journals. In addition, many of the journals featured here target an accelerated publication time frame of 10 weeks for most accepted papers to help get your research exposed faster. Visit the publication home page of each title for details.

  8. Home

    IEEE Access, a Multidisciplinary, Open Access Journal. IEEE Access is a multidisciplinary, online-only, gold fully open access journal, continuously presenting the results of original research or development across all IEEE fields of interest. Supported by article processing charges (APCs), its hallmarks are rapid peer review, a submission-to ...

  9. IEEE

    The IEEE Member Digital Library, brought to you via the IEEE Xplore digital library, gives you instant access to all IEEE journal articles, magazines, and conference papers—the most essential information in technology today. With two great options designed to meet the needs—and budget—of every IEEE member, simply choose the subscription that's right for you:

  10. Browse Journals & Magazines

    View Purchased Documents. Profile Information. Communications Preferences. Profession and Education. Technical Interests. Need Help? US & Canada:+1 800 678 4333. Worldwide: +1 732 981 0060. Contact & Support.

  11. Papers

    Select papers, articles, and other technical documents from the IEEE Xplore digital library Energy Paper Climate Change Climate Tech On the History and Future of 100% Renewable Energy Systems Research

  12. IEEE Xplore

    This question is for testing whether you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submission. Audio is not supported in your browser.

  13. What are the methods to access IEEE papers without any cost?

    Method 2: Sci-Hub [2] Sci-Hub is a website that provides free access to research papers, including IEEE papers. Simply visit one of these URLs and enter the title or DOI of the IEEE paper you want to download. Sci-Hub will retrieve the paper for you, and you can download it for free. Method 3: Using Links [3]

  14. IEEE

    Abstract— In this paper, a novel system architecture including a massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) or a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and multiple autonomous vehicles is considered in vehicle location systems. Autonomous Vehicles Super-Resolution. Paper. Add Code.

  15. Download papers from IEEExplore with wget

    asked Apr 2, 2014 at 2:15. ulyssis2. 1,242 4 13 27. just to complete the solution. step1: ssh into the server, step2: use wget to download the paper, step3: use scp to copy the paper from the remote server to the local disk. - ulyssis2.

  16. IEEE

    Many authors in today's publishing environment want to make their research freely available to all reader communities. To help authors gain maximum exposure for their groundbreaking research and application-oriented articles, IEEE will now be offering three options for open access (OA) publishing—Hybrid Journals, a Multidisciplinary Open Access Mega Journal, and fully Open Access Journals ...

  17. Download full journals from IEEE as pdf (ebook)

    1. Well, to put legality aside merging pdfs into single file is rather easy (I assume that you can download individual articles as pdfs). You need ghostscript program (avilable on any modern linux, and I guess also for windows) and then issue command: gs -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOUTPUTFILE=combinedpdf.pdf -dBATCH 1.pdf 2.pdf 3.pdf.

  18. Free IEEE Citation Generator [Updated for 2024]

    MyBib's IEEE citation generator was designed to be fast and easy to use. Follow these steps: Search for the article, website, or document you want to cite using the search box at the top of the page. Look through the list of results found and choose the one that you referenced in your work. Make sure the details are all correct, and change any ...

  19. Recently Published Journals & Magazines| IEEE Xplore

    Profile Information. Communications Preferences. Profession and Education. Technical Interests. Need Help? US & Canada:+1 800 678 4333. Worldwide: +1 732 981 0060. Contact & Support. About IEEE Xplore.

  20. A Study of Cyber Security Issues and Challenges

    The paper first explains what cyber space and cyber security is. Then the costs and impact of cyber security are discussed. ... Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 11 January 2022 ISBN Information: Electronic ISBN: 978-1-6654-1758-7 Print on Demand(PoD) ISBN: 978-1-6654-1759-4 INSPEC Accession Number: Persistent ...

  21. IEEE Paper Format

    IEEE provides guidelines for formatting your paper. These guidelines must be followed when you're submitting a manuscript for publication in an IEEE journal. Some of the key guidelines are: Formatting the text as two columns, in Times New Roman, 10 pt. Including a byline, an abstract, and a set of keywords at the start of the research paper.

  22. IEEE

    IEEE members receive a discounted price of US$14.95 on single IEEE article purchases made through IEEE Xplore. Articles from partner publishers are US$34 per article. Go to IEEE Xplore and start your search. Or, learn more about how your academic institution or company can gain full-text access to IEEE Xplore for the entire organization.

  23. ChatGPT Code: Is the AI Actually Good At Writing Code?

    A new study examines whether OpenAI's AI model ChatGPT is good at writing code for different problems hosted on the LeetCode testing platform. The researchers found that ChatGPT's success depends ...

  24. List of full papers

    List of full papers Abstract: Presents the table of contents/splash page of the proceedings record. Published in: 2015 5th ... Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 09 April 2016 . ISBN Information: DOI: 10.1109/NUICONE.2015.7449655. Publisher: IEEE. Conference Location: Ahmedabad, India . Metrics.

  25. Agriculture

    A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive positive feedback from the ...