presentation on windows vs linux

Linux vs. Windows

Both Windows and Linux are Operating systems with their own advantages and differ in functionality and user friendliness.

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Multimedia, Gaming, and Productivity Applications

Both Linux and Windows OS are very rich in multimedia applications, though setting up sound and video options in older versions of Linux can be difficult for some users. The main advantage of Linux is that most of the multimedia applications are freely available, while in the case of Windows, users may have to pay a hefty amount to get the software although many Open Source/Free versions are often available. Moreover, if anyone buys a copy of Windows on a CD-ROM, they do not get any application software with it, other than bundled Microsoft software. But if the same person buys a copy of Linux on a CD-ROM, it typically comes with a lot of free application software, such as Open Office, a complete free Office suite including Spreadsheets , Presentation etc. A new computer with Windows pre-installed may have additional application software but that is totally up to the PC vendor. But, each Linux distribution comes in multiple flavors; the more expensive versions come with more application software.

A major attraction of Windows is the library of games available for purchase. A majority of games support Windows and are released first for the Windows platform. Some of these games can be run on Linux with a compatibility layer like Wine, although Wine is difficult to set up and require different versions of it for various games. Others, and especially more modern games that rely on proprietary delivery systems, copy protection, Windows dependencies, or advanced acceleration features, may fail in Linux environment. Though there are exceptions, such as id Software's Doom and Quake. When a developer chooses to write graphics code in OpenGL instead of DirectX , Linux ports can become much easier.

The video below features a comparison of Linux-based Ubuntu 12 and Windows 8 .

Threats and Problems

Every Windows user has faced security and stability issues. Since Windows is the most widely used OS, hackers , spammers target Windows frequently. Consumer versions of Windows were originally designed for ease-of-use on a single-user PC without a network connection and did not have security features built in. Microsoft releases security patches through its Windows Update service approximately once a month although critical updates are made available at shorter intervals when necessary. Many times users of Windows OS face the “BLUE SCREEN OF DEATH”, caused by the failure of the system to respond, and eventually the user has to manually restart the PC . This is very frustrating for the user since they may lose valuable data.

On the other hand, Linux is very stable and more secure than Windows. As Linux is community driven, developed through people collaboration and monitored constantly by the developers from every corner of the earth, any new problem raised can be solved within few hours and the necessary patch can be ready at the same time. Also Linux is based on the UNIX architecture which is a multi user OS, so it is much more stable than single user OS Windows.

Cost Comparison

Windows is much more costly in organizational implementation purpose. As Windows Home is a single user OS, so for each PC, the organization needs to purchase a site license copy of Windows, which can be costly. Although, in developing countries and ones with oppressive governments, non-profits can receive a free site license from Microsoft. Where as for the implementation of Linux based solutions the organization only needs to obtain one copy. And as it can be freely distributed, the same copy can be used in all the 50 employees’ workstation. However, setup and support services may need to be purchased on an as-needed basis.

Current prices for some of these products are available on Amazon.com:

Market Share and User Base

According to the market research data of September 2007, on 92.63% of the world’s PCs, Windows is running, while only 0.8% PC users use Linux. The Home users, Multimedia enthusiasts mainly used Windows, where as for serious use, server application, Corporation servers are running on Linux. Irrespective of the GUI, many users find it is very difficult to use Linux as compared to Windows and so the appeal of Linux is very limited to common people. Also for licensing agreement with Microsoft, various PC vendors are entitled to bundle Windows OS with their PC. And for this Windows gain the initial market popularity over Linux. Though these days many PC vendor such as DELL , HP started to give Linux as the preinstalled OS to cut the cost of their PC system.

According to latest IDC report, Windows Server market is gaining popularity over Linux based Server. The annual rate at which Linux is growing in the x86 server space has fallen from around 53 percent in 2003 (45 percent globally), when Windows Server growth was in the mid-20 percent range, to a negative 4 percent growth (less than 10 percent globally) in calendar year 2006, IDC Quarterly Server Tracker figures show. Over the same time period, Windows has continued to report positive annual growth, outpacing the total growth rate in the x 86 markets by more than 4 percent in 2006, indicating that Linux has actually lost market share to Windows Server over this time. Linux servers now represent 12.7 percent of the overall server market while Windows server comprised 38.8 percent of all server revenue in Q1 of 2007. [1]

The main reason is that, while Linux Servers are looking for high performance computing and web serving, but Windows is apparently adopted on a much broader basis.

Windows first released as a part of Disk operating System (DOS) in the year of 1985. At that time Apple’s Macintosh was a very popular OS, as it introduced GUI to the world. So to increase the popularity of DOS, Bill Gates ’s Microsoft bundled Windows 1 with the DOS at that time. But until Windows 3 which was released in 1990, achieve the success in the GUI based OS market. And with the release of Windows 95, in 1995, Microsoft became a household name in the OS market. From that time on, each Personal Computer comes with Windows OS as the preinstalled OS. The biggest achievement for Windows OS is that it is very user friendly, easy to understand, and it has the versatility to run with almost every different kind of Personal Computers.

Linux is based on the Multiuser OS UNIX, and it can be distributed freely. It is the brainchild of Mr, Linus Torvalds . Typically all underlying source code can be freely modified and used. Linux Kernel was first released for public use in 1991. The biggest achievement for Linux is that it is a multiuser OS and the Security and stability is better than Windows.

• Security in Windows and Linux - The Register
• Wikipedia: Windows
• Server Market Grows in Third Quarter - The Windows Observer
• Linus losing to Windows - CNET
• HP TouchPad Needs 6 to 8 Weeks for Additional Shipments - eWeek
• Wikipedia: Linux

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Comments: Linux vs Windows

Anonymous comments (5).

May 17, 2014, 3:11am Bill Gates has enough $$$; it's time to give it to someone else. — 64.✗.✗.47

August 28, 2013, 1:00pm For average desktop use (web, mails, documents ...) I would recommend top Linux distributions based on Ubuntu... It's Open source based, applications / tools for most common needs are already installed and you don't need any anti-virus, anti-malware and all kinds of other software that is protecting Windows from security risks... Try it, it's easy, fast and free. you may also check this post: http://www.sharealine.com/linux-vs-windows — 77.✗.✗.46

April 9, 2010, 6:22pm 71.3.252.176 I can't tell if you're a troll or just being sarcastic. — 24.✗.✗.146

October 16, 2012, 11:13am It states here that Linus Torvalds "...developed the framework of the OS..." He actually only began working on what became the Linux kernel, and he did that in collaboration with members of the Internet community. The larger part of Linux was the suite of software created by Richard Stallman and the GNU. It's probably more correct to refer to it as GNU/Linux, rather than just Linux. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux — 94.✗.✗.113

November 5, 2008, 6:35pm linux is so much cooler than windows (so what happens when you drop a window?? come on guess :: give up here's the answer ; it shatters) i run my computer with linux vixta9.03 it's like windows vista but alot better and faster( so what's the glass made of thats in a window? this is very simple but ill give you the answer it's sand) so if you want a dirty o/s windows is for you — 71.✗.✗.176

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Windows vs Linux: What's the best operating system?

Providing an answer to the Windows vs Linux debate requires careful consideration of software, performance, usability, and security

• A note on Linux distros
• Ease of installation
• Software and compatibility
• Help & support
• Cyber security
• Layout, design, and user interface
• Performance

Windows vs Linux: Which operating system is better?

The question of Windows vs Linux is one that many PC users and businesses have grappled with over the years when considering an operating system, with the former often a favored option.

Despite the fact it isn’t as popular as Windows, Linux offers a number of advantages, including more avenues for customization due to the fact that it’s built on an open source foundation.

Linux may be more intimidating to the average user, but for those who possess the technical skills to take full advantage of it, this operating system can be incredibly powerful and rewarding.

Naturally, there are advantages and disadvantages with both systems that are useful to know before making the decision on which is best for you.

Windows vs Linux: A short history

Following the formation of Microsoft, the first version of Windows, called Windows 1.0, was revealed in 1985. MS-DOS core, which it was based on, was at the time the most commonly utilized Program Manager for running applications.

After that initial launch, its first major update arrived in 1987, followed by Windows 3.0 in the same year. This was a rapid journey of evolution and, in 1995, Windows 95 was born, probably the most widely used version yet. That version of Windows ran on a 32-bit user space and a 16-bit DOS-based kernel to enhance user experience.

Since Windows 95, the operating system hasn’t changed a whole lot when it comes to its core architecture. However, a vast amount of features have been added to meet the needs of modern computing but many of the elements we recognize today were present in the former versions of the operating system. 

This includes, for example, the Start Menu , the taskbar, and Windows Explorer (now called File Explorer) which all were present in Windows 98.

One major shift happened with the launch of Windows ME in 2000. That was the last MS-DOS version of Windows, allowing for an even faster evolution of services since. However, some iterations of the platform still fared better than others and although it is still the most popular computing platform, users have dropped off over the years and migrated to other platforms, such as MacOS and Linux.

Linux was launched later than Windows, in 1991. It was created by Finnish student Linus Torvalds, who wanted to create a free operating system kernel that anyone could use. 

Although it's still regarded as a very bare bones operating system, without a graphical interface like Windows, it has nevertheless grown considerably, with just a few lines of source code in its original release to where it stands today, containing more than 23.3 million lines of source code.

Linux was first distributed under GNU General Public License in 1992.

Windows vs Linux: Distros

Before we begin, we need to address one of the more confusing aspects to the Linux platform. While Windows has maintained a fairly standard version structure, with updates and versions split into tiers. Once you understand the generations and naming schemes, purchasing a Windows OS is fairly intuitive for most consumers.

Linux is far more complex. The Linux Kernel today underpins all Linux operating systems. However, as it remains open source , the system can be tweaked and modified by anyone for their own purposes.

What we have as a result are hundreds of bespoke Linux-based operating systems known as distributions, or 'distros', including Linux Ubuntu (shown above). Each distro has its own pre-installed packages and functionality, although some are considered derivations of 'parent' distros and have shared features. For example, the Linux distro Debian is considered a parent of distros such as KALI Linux and Ubuntu.

This makes it incredibly difficult to choose between them, although we do have our own recommendations on what we consider the best Linux distros on the market - but nonetheless, it's far more complicated than simply picking Windows 10 or Windows 11 .

Given the nature of open source software, these distros can vary wildly in functionality and sophistication, and many are constantly evolving. The choice can seem overwhelming, particularly as the differences between them aren't always immediately obvious.

On the other hand, this also brings its own benefits. The variety of different Linux distros is so great that you're all but guaranteed to be able to find one to suit your particular tastes. Do you prefer a macOS -style user interface? You're in luck - Elementary OS is a Linux distro built to mirror the look and feel of an Apple interface.

Similarly, those that yearn for the days of Windows XP can bring it back with Q4OS, which harkens back to Microsoft's fan-favorite.

There are also more specialized Linux flavors, such as distros that are designed to give ancient, low-powered computers a new lease of life, or those that come packaged with cyber security tools to aid the work of analysts (KALI Linux). Naturally, there are also numerous Linux versions for running servers and other enterprise-grade applications.

For those new to Linux, we'd recommend Ubuntu as a good starting point. It's very user-friendly (even compared to Windows) whilst still being versatile and feature-rich enough to satisfy experienced techies. It's the closest thing Linux has to a 'default' distro although we would urge everyone to explore the various distro options available and find their favorite.

Windows vs Linux: Ease of installation

A common feature of Linux distros is the ability to live' boot them – that is, booting from a DVD or USB image without having to actually install the OS on your machine. This can be a great way to quickly test out if you like a distro without having to commit to it.

While it's technically quicker to install some Linux distros, Windows offers a refined user experience that requires just a few clicks.

The distro can then be installed from within the live-booted OS, or simply run live for as long as you need. However, while more polished distros, such as Ubuntu, are a doddle to set up, some of the less user-friendly examples require a great deal more technical know-how to get up and running, including knowledge of the command line tool, known as the Shell on Linux.

Windows installations , by contrast, while more lengthy and time-consuming, are a lot simpler, requiring a minimum of user input compared to many distros. Windows has an installation Wizard that has been refined over the years, and is largely the same regardless of what version you are using.

Windows vs Linux: Software and compatibility

Most applications are tailored to be written for Windows. You will find some Linux-compatible versions, but only for very popular software. The truth, though, is that most Windows programs aren't available for Linux.

A lot of people who have a Linux system instead install a free, open source alternative. There are applications for almost every program you can think of. If this isn't the case, then programs such as WINE or a VM can run Windows software in Linux instead.

Despite this, these alternatives are more likely to be amateur efforts compared to Windows. If your business requires a certain application then it's necessary to check if Linux runs a native version or if an acceptable replacement exists.

There are also differences in how Linux software installs programs compared with Windows. In Windows, you download and run an executable file (.exe). In Linux, programs are mostly installed from a software repository tied to a specific distro.

Installing on Linux is done by typing an apt-get command from the command line. In many Linux distros, a package manager handles this by layering a graphical user interface (GUI) over the messy mechanics of typing in the right combination of words and commands. This is in many ways the precursor of a mobile device's app store.

Depending on the software, some won't be held in a repository and will have to be downloaded and installed from source. In this case, the installation becomes more similar to that of Windows software. You simply download the relevant package for your distro from the company's website, and the inbuilt package installer will complete the rest. However, not all Linux distros offer a GUI, so depending on the version you're using, the experience may be more involved.

Windows users have a much easier time when it comes to accessing software and avoiding compatibility issues, but Linux matches that with sheer variety of specialized tools

If you just look at everyday business software, Windows has a big advantage over Linux. Virtually every program is designed from the ground up with Windows support in mind. In general, Windows users aren't affected by compatibility worries. 

However, for roles requiring specialist tools, such as cyber security or networking roles, Linux offers incredibly powerful applications that are difficult, or even impossible, to replicate on Windows.

Windows vs Linux: Help & support

As Linux is created and maintained by a community of passionate fans, there is a wealth of information to fall back on, in the form of tips, tricks, forums, and tutorials from other users and developers.

However, it's somewhat fragmented and disarrayed, with little in the way of a comprehensive, cohesive support structure for many distros. Instead, anyone with a problem often has to brave the wilderness of Google to find another user with the answer.

A lack of official, centralized support can created a dis-jointed experience on Linux – Windows is the winner here.

Microsoft is much better at collating its resources and offering help to its users . Though it doesn't have quite the amount of raw information that's available regarding Linux, it's made sure that the help documents it does have are relatively clear and easy to access.

There's also a similar network of forums and tutorials, if the official assistance doesn't help you solve the Windows problem you're encountering.

Windows vs Linux: Security

Security is a cornerstone of the Linux OS, and one of the principal reasons for its popularity among the IT community. This reputation is well deserved and stems from a number of contributing factors.

One of the most effective ways Linux secures its systems is through privileges. Linux does not grant full administrator or root access to user accounts by default, whereas Windows does. Instead, accounts are usually lower-level and have no privileges within the wider system.

This means that when a virus gets in, the damage it can do is limited, and restricted mainly to files and folders on the individual machine. This can be incredibly beneficial from a damage control standpoint, since it's far easier to simply replace one machine than scour the entire network for malware traces.

There's also the fact that open source code, such as Linux software, is generally thought to be more secure and better maintained, due to the number of people scanning it for flaws. Similar to the infinite monkeys' principal, 'Linus' Law' (named after Torvalds), states that "given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow".

Similarly, there are Linux distros designed to enhance user privacy, such as Tails (screenshot above). Tails is configured to route all internet traffic through the TOR browser by default, and to operate entirely off the system memory – so everything is wiped when the machine is shut down.

Linux simply has a much tougher security posture and so, when combined with the scale of the attack surface against Windows, there's not much contest.

Possibly most importantly, is the issue of compatibility. As we mentioned earlier, virtually all software is written for Windows, and this also applies to malware. Given that the number of Windows machines in the world vastly outnumbers the number of Linux ones, cyber attacks targeting Microsoft's OS are much more likely to succeed, and therefore much more worthwhile prospects for threat actors.

This isn't to say that Linux machines are totally immune from being targeted, of course, but statistically, you're probably safer than with Windows, provided you stick to security best practice .

Windows vs Linux: Layout, design, and user interface

Users are somewhat spoilt for choice in terms of design on Linux. There are distros that visually emulate both OSX and Windows and rely on GUIs , or those that are stripped-down systems for those that favour minimalism. Regardless of the distro, they can be controlled by a command-line interface (CLI) .

We've pulled together some of our own favourites in our best Linux distros list, but it's a good idea to familiarise yourself with the choices available.

Some, of course, are visually dire, but that's the risk of community-created software. Most of the major distros, however, are very well-designed, particularly corporate-backed offerings such as Ubuntu and Red Hat Enterprise Linux .

Most users will be familiar with the Windows UI and UX . It's the product of years of refinement and, apart from the bump in the road that was Windows 8, the OS has kept to the same GUI with very little iteration between each new release. This is for good reason – it's generally an intuitive and very pleasant user experience.

These UI elements, such as those which comprise navigation and layout, have become absorbed into other systems and inspired other UI designers. As such, many users are able to operate Windows intuitively, without needing to learn anything.

Microsoft, to its credit, has also spent the past few years simplifying the more confusing and labyrinthine elements of its software and generally making it much more accessible for entry-level users that aren't necessarily computer literate.

Although Linux offers plenty of variety, years of refinement make the Windows experience a tough one to beat.

It's because of this refinement, coupled with the fact your experience will vary significantly depending on the Linux distro you choose, that we have to give this one to Windows.

Windows vs Linux: Performance

Although Microsoft's flagship operating system has plenty of things going for it, being lightweight and agile is not one of them. It can, in many machines, seem bloated and sluggish, and must be properly maintained or it will end up feeling too slow and out-of-date.

Linux is known for being far quicker, largely due to the core of Linux being less demanding than that of Windows, with distros tweaking this formula to squeeze out yet more efficiency gains.

Some distros have chosen to remove a few of the flashier elements of the user interface, or even ditch the GUI entirely in favour of a CLI. This may be unappealing for general users, but power users, IT admins, and IT analysts, these changes offer unparalleled efficiency. It also means that Linux might be ideal for those with older machines that might not be able to handle the latest software.

Linux is a work horse at heart, offering unparalleled efficiency for those looking for top-tier performance.

Although you might be able to strip back Windows to the most basic elements to ensure your machine runs as smoothly as possible, you won't be able to achieve the experience offered by Linux.

Windows remains the most popular operating system on the planet, and that vast market share means most users will likely have at least some experience with it - in fact in many cases, Windows will be the only operating system they have ever used. It's a refined system with many years of development under its belt, with the latest iteration, Windows 11, receiving constant security updates and utility upgrades, and is the platform of choice for a whole host of software suites.

Simply put, Windows remains the simplest choice for most businesses, and will likely be the best choice for many, given it's far more user-friendly than Linux.

Does that mean businesses should avoid Linux? Absolutely not.

Theoretically, being based on open source software means that bugs could be discovered and fixed far quicker on Linux than on Windows, and new features can be developed and tested by users directly.

The platform is also significantly more flexible, and more customisable than Windows, meaning businesses can switch their platforms on the fly if they wish, provided they have the technical expertise to do so. Building a bespoke Linux system will give you far greater control over your systems, offering much better utilisation of storage hardware, better customisation, and improved security in some cases.

If you're a small firm that works primarily in software, Linux is likely to be a good fit, as the free availability will reduce overheads, and set-up won't be too complicated to manage. It also has a reputation as a tool for coding, and a large, active community of developers.

However, larger deployments will be much more complicated. Replacing the computers of hundreds of employees is likely to cause chaos, particularly if they're not familiar with Linux. It's possible this can be avoided with a Windows-style distro but, without a very capable and well-integrated IT department, many companies will struggle. In most cases, businesses will use a combination of the two operating systems, with at least some employees on Linux, such as cyber security analysts .

Given the flexibility of multiple distros, the non-existent asking price and the heightened security, Linux is our overall favourite - assuming you've got the patience to adapt to a new system. If convenience is your main concern, go for Windows.

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Connor Jones has been at the forefront of global cyber security news coverage for the past few years, breaking developments on major stories such as LockBit’s ransomware attack on Royal Mail International, and many others. He has also made sporadic appearances on the ITPro Podcast discussing topics from home desk setups all the way to hacking systems using prosthetic limbs. He has a master’s degree in Magazine Journalism from the University of Sheffield, and has previously written for the likes of Red Bull Esports and UNILAD tech during his career that started in 2015.

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UNIX vs. Linux vs. Windows: 4 Key Comparisons

UNIX, Linux, and Windows are operating systems with GUIs, hardware support, networking, and file management.

Microsoft Windows is defined as an operating system that features a graphical user interface and compatibility with a wide range of hardware and software, primarily for personal computers. UNIX is a multitasking, multi-user operating system developed for use on workstations, servers, and other devices for numerous applications, including database management, software development, and running networked applications. Linux is defined as an open-source operating system based on UNIX and is widely leveraged across various devices for its security, flexibility, and stability. This article compares these three operating systems.

Table of Contents

Unix, linux, and windows: an introduction, what is unix, what is linux, what is windows.

Microsoft Windows is an operating system that features a graphical user interface and compatibility with a wide range of hardware and software, primarily for personal computers.

UNIX is a multitasking, multi-user operating system developed for workstations, servers, and other devices. Its numerous applications include database management, software development, and networked applications. Systems equipped with UNIX are preferred for their security, flexibility, and stability. This operating system is the basis for numerous others, including macOS and Linux.

Linux is an open-source operating system available free of cost and based on UNIX. It is widely leveraged across various devices for stability, flexibility, and security.

UNIX was initially developed in the 1970s and was one of the first operating systems written using the C programming language. It is one of the most effective operating systems ever created, with numerous offshoots and a wide-reaching effect on the computing and electronics industries. Its main advantages include stability, interoperability, and portability across multiple heterogeneous environments and devices.

Today, UNIX and its variants are leveraged for multiple IT systems , including servers, workstations, mobile devices, embedded systems, and supercomputers. However, while Linux, macOS, and Android–arguably the most popular UNIX spin-offs–continue to maintain a strong presence in their respective markets, the demand for UNIX itself has declined. 

One reason for this may be users moving away from reduced instruction set computer platforms and adopting x86-based alternatives capable of executing greater workloads and delivering higher performance more economically.

Enterprises will likely continue to leverage UNIX for mission-critical workloads; however, the operating system may continue to see falling demand due to a greater focus on IT modernization and consolidation. Naturally, this isn’t happening immediately; UNIX is still the first preference for many IT teams regarding use cases such as vertical-specific software, cloud security , and data center application support.

Even if UNIX server sales drop in the future, its applications in the governance, telecom, and financial domains are expected to keep it alive and running. The complete abandonment of UNIX will likely be a long, slow journey.

Linux is a popular operating system that is preferred for its reliability and security, performing better than its competitors in terms of protection against viruses and malware. It is also resistant to slowed-down performance, crashing, and expensive repairs and users need not pay licensing fees as often as they do for other commercial operating systems. Linux features a zero cost of entry and can be legally installed on any computer without any associated cost whatsoever.

Apart from its cost-effectiveness, Linux is an open-source system. The Linux kernel is among the world’s most significant open-source projects, making it a boon for enterprises seeking scalable growth without ballooning software costs. Most, if not all, DevOps lifecycles in enterprises around the globe rely on open-source software to reach their development goals. For instance, Linux makes it easy for developers to combine smaller software components they create with other software for building full-featured supply chains.

One significant way Linux helps bolster enterprise scalability is through containers, a popular way to deploy scalable enterprise applications. Containers help host applications on third-party cloud platforms. They simplify the automation of application scaling and help ensure that resource consumption matches the demand for application bandwidth at any given time.

Linux is the backbone of container operations. Users of Docker and Kubernetes alike must be familiar with Linux. And this is just one of the many examples of Linux’s flexibility. Other operating systems often lock the user into using software the ‘right way’ (according to the company backing it). Conversely, Linux users can make almost any change they desire at the platform level, allowing them to achieve business goals flexibly, swiftly, and accurately.

There isn’t much that users cannot accomplish when they are familiar with Linux. This operating system grants access to thousands of tools and packages that support the development of robust services and systems.

Every computer user has heard of Microsoft Windows, with over 75% of desktop and laptop computers worldwide using this operating system. Available in 32- and 64-bit versions, Windows is a user-friendly operating system that features a graphical user interface (GUI), virtual memory management, support for multiple peripherals, and multitasking functionalities.

Windows provides both server and client versions. Popular client versions include Windows 98, ME, XP, Vista, 7, 8, and 10. Windows 11 is the newest version of this operating system, released in 2021. Server versions include 2000 Server, 2003 Server, NT Server, Server 2008 R2, Server 2016, and Server 2022 (latest version).

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UNIX, Linux, and Windows are all used to manage computer hardware and software resources. Each operating system comes with unique characteristics and is suited to different applications. Let’s look at the four key comparisons among them.

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UNIX, Linux, and Windows are well-known operating systems with their own strengths. UNIX is a robust, flexible platform with a long history of academic and enterprise applications. Linux is a free, open-source operating system preferred for its customizability and community support. Windows is a user-friendly operating system in most personal and business computing use cases. Each has its benefits, and choosing the best one depends on the specific deployment and configuration.

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Linux vs Windows Difference: Which Is The Best Operating System?

Difference Between Linux and Windows Operating Systems In Terms of Architecture, Performance, And Security:

Both Linux and Windows are well-known operating systems.

When we talk about comparing these two, we should first understand what an operating system is and then get to know the basics of Linux and Windows before starting with the comparison between them.

An operating system is low-level system software that handles the computer’s hardware and software resources and facilitates the computer’s basic functions like task scheduling, resource management, memory management, controlling peripherals, networking, etc.

It acts as an interface between computer hardware and software. An operating system is the most crucial part of a computer system. Without an OS, any computer or mobile device can’t work at all!

Table of Contents:

Windows Architecture

Linux architecture, differences between linux and windows, linux and windows security comparison, why is linux faster than windows, linux and windows 10 comparison, was this helpful, recommended reading, linux and windows os brief introduction.

There are several operating systems that are available in the market. In the world of desktop, the most dominant OS is the Microsoft Windows which enjoys a market share of approx. 83%. Following that, we have macOS by Apple Inc and Linux in the second and third place respectively.

In the mobile sector, which comprises of both tablets and smartphones, the two most dominant operating systems are Google’s Android and Apple’s iOS. Talking about servers and supercomputers sector, Linux distributions take the lead here.

Microsoft Windows is a group of many GUI based operating systems developed and offered by Microsoft. It mainly targets the personal computing market.

Windows OS has two versions i.e. 32 bits and 64 bits and is available in both clients as well as server versions. Windows was first released in the year 1985. The latest client version of windows in Windows 10 which was released in the year 2015. Talking about the most recent server version, we have Windows server 2019.

Linux is a group of Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel. It belongs to the family of free and open source software. It is usually packaged in a Linux distribution. Linux was first released in the year 1991. It is most commonly used for servers, however, a desktop version of Linux is also available.

Worth Reading => Unix vs Linux – Know the Differences

Debian, Fedora, and Ubuntu are popular Linux distributions. We do have RedHat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) that are available as commercial distributions of Linux. As it is freely redistributable, anyone can modify and create variations of source code.

Suggested reading =>> Ubuntu vs Windows- Which is better ?

Windows architecture basically consists of two layers:

• Kernel mode

Each layer is further comprised of various modules.

(i) User Mode

User mode has integral subsystems and environment subsystems.

Integral subsystems include fixed system support processes (like session manager and login process), service processes (like task scheduler and print spooler service), security subsystem (for security tokens and access management) and user applications.

Environment subsystem acts as a link between the user mode applications and the OS kernel functions. There are four primary environment subsystems i.e. Win32/, POSIX, OS/2 and windows subsystem for LINUX.

(ii) Kernel Mode

Kernel mode has complete access to hardware and computer system resources. It executes the code in a protected memory area. It consists of Executive, microkernel, kernel mode drivers and hardware abstraction layer (HAL).

Windows executive services are further divided into various subsystems. They are mainly responsible for memory management, I/O management, thread management, networking, security and process management.

The microkernel lies between windows executive and HAL. It is responsible for multi-processor synchronization, thread scheduling, interrupt & exception dispatching, trap handling, initializing device drivers and interfacing with the process manager.

The kernel mode device drivers enable windows to interact with hardware devices. HAL is a layer between the computer hardware and operating system. It is responsible for controlling I/O interfaces, interrupt controllers and various processors.

As we can see in the above figure, Linux Architecture also has two layers i.e. user space and kernel space. Within these layers, there are four main components i.e. Hardware, kernel, System call interface (aka Shell) and User applications or utilities.

The hardware is comprised of all the peripheral devices which are attached to the computer such as terminals, printer, CPU, RAM. Now comes the monolithic Kernel which is the core of the OS.

The Linux kernel has many subsystems and other components too. It is responsible for a lot of critical tasks like process control, networking, accessing peripherals and file system, security management and memory management.

Simplified Architecture of Linux

[image source ]

The shell acts as an interface between the user and kernel and presents the services of the kernel. There are around 380 system calls. For Example, start, read, open, close, exit, etc. Shell receives commands from the user and executes the kernel’s functions.

Shell is classified into two categories i.e. command line shells and graphical shells. In the outermost layer of the architecture, and we have applications which execute on the shell. It can be any utility program like a web browser, video player, etc.

Suggested Read => Best Ways To Install Software in Linux

Linux vs Windows has been a subject of argumentation since the inception of these two Os. Let us an in-depth look into how Windows and Linux are different from each other.

The below table will brief you all the differences between Linux and Windows.

While talking about security, though Linux is open source, however, it is very difficult to break through and hence it is a highly secure OS when compared to the other operating systems. Its high-tech security is one of the main reasons for Linux popularity and enormous use.

Meanwhile, Linux is open source and has a strong user community. As the entire user base has access to the source code, they can monitor for issues and there are high chances for any vulnerability to be caught earlier than the hackers target it.

Moreover, Linux users will investigate and fix the issue then and there as it is open source. This way, Linux receives a great level of maintenance from its community of developers.

On contrary to this, Windows users can’t fix the issue by themselves as they don’t have the permission to modify the source code. If they catch any vulnerability in the system, then they will need to report it to Microsoft and then wait for it to get fixed.

In Windows, the users have full admin access over the accounts. Thus, when a virus attacks the system, it quickly corrupts the whole system. So, everything is at risk in case of Windows.

On the other hand, Linux enjoys the perk of accounts where limited access is given to the users and hence in case of any virus attacks, only a part of the system will be damaged. The virus won’t be able to affect the whole system as Linux does not run as root by default.

In Windows, we do have a UAC (user account control) mechanism to control the access privileges, though it is not as robust as Linux.

Linux uses IP tables to boost up the security of the system. Iptables help in controlling the network traffic by configuring certain rules enforced through the Linux kernel firewall. This aids in creating a more secure environment for running any command or access to the network.

Linux has segmented working environments which secure it from the attack of virus. However, Windows OS is not much segmented and thus it is more vulnerable to threats.

Another significant reason for Linux being more secure is that Linux has very few users when compared to Windows. Linux has nearly 3% of the market whereas Windows captures more than 80% of the market.

Thus, hackers are always more interested in targeting Windows as the virus or malicious software they create will affect a large segment of users. This, in turn, keeps Linux users safer.

In a nutshell, we can say that Linux has some features which make it more secure than Windows and the other operating systems.

Linux and Windows Performance Comparison

The fact that a majority of the fastest supercomputers of the world that run on Linux can be attributed to its speed. Linux has a reputation for being fast and smooth while Windows 10 is known to become slow and slow over time.

Linux runs faster than Windows 8.1 and Windows 10 along with a modern desktop environment and qualities of the operating system while Windows is slow on older hardware.

Talking about the core capabilities of OS like thread scheduling, memory management, i/o handling, file system management, and core tools, overall Linux is superior to Windows.

There are many reasons for Linux being generally faster than windows. Firstly, Linux is very lightweight while Windows is fatty. In windows, a lot of programs run in the background and they eat up the RAM.

Secondly, in Linux, the file system is very much organized. Files are located in chunks which are very close to each other. This makes the read-write operations very fast. On the other hand, Windows is dumpster and files are present all over the place.

No doubt that Windows 10 is a prettier and safer version of windows when compared to its earlier versions. Windows 10 came up with some new distinctive features like its digital assistant Cortana, Microsoft edge browser, Microsoft office with 3D features.

It also has the ability to execute Linux bash commands. We also have virtual workspaces in Windows 10 which permit its users to execute applications on various desktops.

If you compare Windows 10 desktop environment against Linux Mint 19 desktop environment, you will find that in the ideal state, Linux won’t be using much RAM in the background when compared to Windows.

In comparison, it was found that Linux was using 373 megabytes of RAM and Windows was using 1.3 gigabytes which is around 1000 megabytes more than Linux. This comparison was done on a brand-new installation when no app was open.

Thus, Windows 10 is more resource-heavy than Linux Mint 19. Also, th e updates in Windows 10 are kind of linear in nature and slower than Linux updates. In Linux, we get updates in packages and they are fast as well.

Still, Linux beats Windows 10 when it comes to speed. Talking about the look and feel, Windows UI is very pretty and offers a lot of applications. Linux UI is quite simple and clean. However, you will find alternates of Windows applications in Linux too.

Coming to Gaming, it’s difficult to do in Linux Mint, and also it does not offer many games when compared to Windows 10. Thus, Gaming is a drawback on Linux.

In this article, we have explored almost all the differences between Linux and Windows OS.

So, Which one do you think is the best operating system?

In my opinion, no OS is better than the other. However, both are unique and serve their best to specific user requirements and market needs. Both the OS have different marketing target.

Linux offers great speed and security, on the other hand, Windows offers great ease of use, so that even non-tech-savvy people can work easily on personal computers.

Linux is employed by many corporate organizations as servers and OS for security purpose while Windows is mostly employed by business users and gamers. Talking about cost, there are a lot of factors into the picture when we compare the cost of these two OS.

We can’t make a gross generalization that Linux is totally free or cheaper than Windows. Linux’s license cost is zero, but we do have infrastructure cost, software support cost and IT staffing cost for both Windows and Linux.

Further reading => Windows 10 Home vs Pro – A comparison

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Well, i'm going to open a linux club in my college soon andone of my initial presentations will point out how ubuntu/linux clearly scores over windows Now my ppt has to be a really cool one (audience being college students) and the facts should be really strong enough to initiate conversion. I have gathered a few strong facts regarding open source and linux vs windows but i'll be quite grateful if someone can help me out by posting some links to some sites or preferably some ppt slides.................................... Also please hint some cool looking ppt backgrounds P.S:-I have already googled for the phrase "windows vs linux" and went through a lot of ppts n pdfs but all are almost the same.

Re: presentation on windows vs linux

The best advertisement you could give for linux is to produce an impressive presentation without using powerpoint! Impress (part of Open office) and Latex/beamer are both great ways of doing this. Good luck!

I'm very interested in this for similar reasons. Give a few broad selling points and also give a lot of very quick, COOL things. Give them some nice compiz eye candy (rotating cube, etc.). They love that. Because most of the software is free, it can be maintained by one central location. The whole system can be updated and still ensure than everything works. It's like Windows update, but better because it not only updates the OS, but all of the programs on it too, and it's all seamlessly integrated. Maybe don't scare them too much with the terminal, but if you do something in the terminal, give them some nice one liners. Are you presenting to CS students or to whom? Please post what ideas you currently have or found. I would go easy on the philosophy... most students aren't going to adopt Linux for only philosophical reasons. Give them some good advantages.

Thanks a lot PGScooter for your recommendations. I have kept the same things in mind. I will concentrate on the software packages (coz thats what the people usually spend a lot of time on), minimal use of terminal-linux can be used by noobs even , desktop customizability of linux(gnome+compiz, kde plasma, enlightment)-more beautiful than windows/mac, various possible choices(ubuntu,kubuntu,fedora,etc) open source(describing closed source as evil at the same time ) and pointing out various drawbacks of windows/mac(e.g. BSOD,software installaltion, rolling updates, etc). Well,the audience will be a mix of all branches(CS,IT,Electrical,Civil,etc). Actually, I have seen a lot of steve jobs' presentations and i love the dark backgrounds,large fonts and cool animations and i intend to create a simlar looking ppt.I may not be as good a presenter as he was but at least I can create a similar presentation. any recommendations!!!

Originally Posted by scrogster The best advertisement you could give for linux is to produce an impressive presentation without using powerpoint! +1 A big selling point for linux is assuring people that they will still be able to do everything they use a computer for with little adaptation. (Most users really only use browsers, chat clients, and MS Office anyway) However, you are not going to be able to make a good sales pitch by advertising that something is "just as good". IMHO the best thing about linux, and particularly Ubuntu, is the community. No operating system is bug-free. The thing that sets linux apart is that you can go online and quickly get great answers on how to solve your own problems, instead of leaving it up to a "genius"

You could point out that sometimes command line is easier than browsing. For example sudo apt-get install application123 in a terminal can be easier than : Browse to...website for download double click on exe file... Press button to go for option.. dont install ... so press... etc etc

Here's another thread on this topic, although it's targetted at a computer science club I think: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.p...hlight=netflix I like the idea of showing them the dual boot. That way, they can still play a certain game or can take their time switching.

Can u provide links to some videos i could show? well, i've the official ubuntu videos and some from the linux foundation but i would like a more detailed one

Last edited by getanshub4u; November 2nd, 2011 at 01:56 PM .

Three big selling points for non techies are it starts quickly, it shuts down quickly and it runs on older machines. I finally abandoned Windows when my Vista system took four minutes to boot and I was about to reinstall it yet again just so I could log in in a reasonable amount of time.

Originally Posted by ballantony Three big selling points for non techies are it starts quickly, it shuts down quickly and it runs on older machines. I finally abandoned Windows when my Vista system took four minutes to boot and I was about to reinstall it yet again just so I could log in in a reasonable amount of time. Fair, but you need to compare Ubuntu to Windows 7.

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• Ubuntu Forums

Forget Windows 11: Nobara Linux is the OS for everyone

ZDNET's key takeaways

• Nobara 40 is available now for free from the official website.
• It makes for a great out-of-the-box experience for users of all types, with very little to do post-install.
• Unfortunately, Flatpak app installing doesn't seem to work with the package manager GUI.

Nobara Linux just released a new version of the OS (version 40) and it stands in a unique position within the Linux landscape in that it's one of the few distributions that focuses on users of all types… even gamers. Nobara is a modified version of Fedora Linux, with an added layer of user-friendliness.

Also: The first 5 Linux commands every new user should learn

This take on Fedora includes all the necessary proprietary packages, so "point-and-click" users don't have to worry about installing things like multimedia codecs, the software necessary for streaming, or tweak the OS to better play games. Nobara has all of that rolled into a beautiful desktop operating system that would be a welcome home to Windows 11 users.

You can get your game on with Nobara Linux, thanks to Steam.

One thing to keep in mind is that Nobara is not an official spin of Fedora. Although Nobara does use Fedora packages, code, and repositories, this Linux distribution is completely independent.

So, what has Nobara changed from Fedora? Here's a sample:

• Kernel patched with various patches (such as zen, OpenRGB, amdgpu for pre-polaris cards, Steam Deck support, etc.)
• QSG_RENDER_LOOP="basic" set for Nvidia cards (to fix Wayland freezes)
• Latest mesa release version for AMD/Intel desktop/GL drivers
• Glibc patched with clone3 disabled
• The dnf max parallel downloads increased to six
• Gamescope, goverlay, mangohud, and vkbasalt updated regularly
• Nvidia GPU detection and driver auto-installation
• SDL2 patched to fix Nvidia frame rate issue
• Post-OS-install codec installation

There are quite a lot of changes that cover a wide array of improvements. You can view the entire list of changes on the Nobara project website .

Although Nobara does seem to cater to gamers, they aren't the only users who would be right at home here. If you need to be productive, there's LibreOffice and InkScape. For web browsing, there's Firefox. For gaming, there's Steam, Wine, ProtonPlus, Lutris, Host Remote Play, and Goverlay.

Also: My 5 must-have Firefox extensions and what I use them for

As for desktop environments, Nobara offers five different versions:

• Official - a custom take on the Plasma Desktop
• GNOME - a clean version of GNOME
• KDE - a clean version of Plasma Desktop
• Steam-HTPC - customized to look and feel like Steam Deck (for Home Theatre PCs)
• Steam-Handheld - customized to look/feel like Steam Deck (built for handheld devices)

I went with the official version to see what the developers did with Plasma Desktop and (no surprise here) they went with a dark theme. Almost immediately after installation, I opened the Steam app, logged in, and was able to start playing games without so much as a hiccup. It did take some time to finalize the app (lots of downloading in the background), so if Steam seems to be doing nothing but spinning its metaphorical wheels, be patient until it completes downloading and installing everything.

There's also a handy Web Apps tool that allows you to create web apps, even when using Firefox as your default browser (which doesn't allow for creating web apps from sites out of the box). The Web Apps tool even creates menu entries, so you don't have to first open the software to launch your app.

There's a world of software to install from within the app store GUI.

Nobara also includes Flatpak , so if there are apps missing from the menu (and/or the standard repositories), you can install them. Even better, the developers have rolled Flatpak support into the package manager GUI. All you have to do is open the app, click Flatpak at the top center, search for the app you want, and install it. Or, that should be the case. Unfortunately, Yum Extender crashed on me when trying to search for and install a Flatpak app. However, installing from the command line went off without a hitch. For example, to install Slack, the command would be:

Once installed, the Flatpak is listed within Yum Extender (in the Flatpak tab) but there's still no way to install Flatpak apps from within the GUI app store. Maybe this is something the developers have planned for future launches, or maybe it's a bug they've yet to squash.

The performance of Nobara is just as good as you'd expect from a fork of Fedora. As a virtual machine on my System76 Thelio , Nobara ran like an absolute champ. Of course, one would expect such behavior, given that this distribution targets gamers (among other users).

As I said earlier, Nobara isn't just for gamers. After using this Linux distribution for a while, it's quite clear that anyone (no matter the experience) could hop onto this desktop operating system and feel right at home (especially either take on Plasma Desktop).

Also: How to install Steam and start gaming on almost any Linux distro - now it's a Snap

Other than the Flatpak issue, I'm hard-pressed to find fault with Nobara. If I had to really dig in, I would remind anyone looking to make Nobara their default gaming OS that there are limits to the games that can be played via Steam. As you search the Steam Store, make sure you select only games with the Steam icon listed for Platform. If you try to run an app for the Windows platform, it will fail. Don't worry, as there are tons of games available for the Steam platform.

Nobara is a great option for anyone looking to walk away from Windows 11 without losing the ability to play games and be productive. Give Nobara a try and see if it doesn't have you leaving Windows 11 for a more reliable, secure, and flexible OS.

Open Source

If you're ready to leave windows 11 behind, this is the distro for new linux users, sick of windows or macos you should check out this free, easy-to-use alternative, when windows 10 support runs out, you have 5 options but only 2 are worth considering.

• Published Jul 18, 2024

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Windows vs.. Linux Security

Apr 06, 2019

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Windows vs.. Linux Security. A comparison. A Subset of Microsoft's Offerings Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows 2003 Server, and Windows CE . Linux distributions

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Windows vs.. Linux Security A comparison

A Subset of Microsoft's Offerings Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows 2003 Server, and Windows CE Linux distributions Vary by the Linux kernel release each is based on (e.g., 2.2, 2.4, and 2.6) and the versions of all the packages each contains. Challenges in evaluating Windows and Linux

Philosophical differences in the design of Linux and Windows • The Windows operating system is designed to support applications by moving more functionality into the operating system, and by more deeply integrating applications into the Windows kernel. • Linux differs from Windows in providing a clear separation between kernel space and user space

Capabilities

Linux vs. Windows Viruses • There are about 60,000 viruses known for Windows • There are about 5 for commercial Unix versions, and around 40 for Linux Win32,Linux/Simile.D is a very complex virus that uses entry-point obscuring, metamorphism, and polymorphic decryption. The virus contains no destructive payload, but infected files may display messages on certain dates. Jack Clarke, European product manager at McAfee, said, "So we will be seeing more Linux viruses as the OS becomes more common and popular."

The availability of the source code and the right to modify The right to redistribute modifications and improvements to the code The right to use the software in any way Open Source Software • Windows ("look but don't touch." ) Microsoft's Shared Source Initiative is an attempt to meet customer requirements for looking at source code. Shared Source Initiative has one million participants, and source code is available for Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows CE 3.0, Windows CE .Net, and the C#/CLI implementations, as well as components of ASP .Net and Visual studio .Net. Shared Source Initiative licensees include corporate customers, governments, partners, academics, and individuals. • Linux Linux is licensed under the GNU General Public License

Can a frustrated Windows user dump Microsoft? • Even with lots of improvements, Linux is still no cakewalk. • Games • Software ( Photoshop, Accounting, etc.)

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What We Know About the Global Microsoft Outage

Airlines to banks to retailers were affected in many countries. Businesses are struggling to recover.

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By Eshe Nelson and Danielle Kaye

Eshe Nelson reported from London and Danielle Kaye from New York.

Across the world, critical businesses and services including airlines, hospitals, train networks and TV stations, were disrupted on Friday by a global tech outage affecting Microsoft users.

In many countries, flights were grounded, workers could not get access to their systems and, in some cases, customers could not make card payments in stores. While some of the problems were resolved within hours, many businesses, websites and airlines continued to struggle to recover.

What happened?

A series of outages rippled across the globe as information displays, login systems and broadcasting networks went dark.

The problem affecting the majority of services was caused by a flawed update by CrowdStrike , an American cybersecurity firm, whose systems are intended to protect users from hackers. Microsoft said on Friday that it was aware of an issue affecting machines running “CrowdStrike Falcon.”

But Microsoft had also said there was an earlier outage affecting U.S. users of Azure, its cloud service system. Some users may have been affected by both. Even as CrowdStrike sent out a fix, some systems were still affected by midday in the United States as businesses needed to make manual updates to their systems to resolve the issue.

George Kurtz, the president and chief executive of CrowdStrike, said on Friday morning that it could take some time for some systems to recover.

How a Software Update Crashed Computers Around the World

Here’s a visual explanation for how a faulty software update crippled machines.

How the airline cancellations rippled around the world (and across time zones)

Share of canceled flights at 25 airports on Friday

50% of flights

Ai r po r t

Bengalu r u K empeg o wda

Dhaka Shahjalal

Minneapolis-Saint P aul

Stuttga r t

Melbou r ne

Be r lin B r anden b urg

London City

Amsterdam Schiphol

Chicago O'Hare

Raleigh−Durham

B r adl e y

Cha r lotte

Reagan National

Philadelphia

1:20 a.m. ET

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