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Reported speech - 1

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Reported speech

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Reported speech: questions

Reported speech: questions

Do you know how to report a question that somebody asked? Test what you know with interactive exercises and read the explanation to help you.

Look at these examples to see how we can tell someone what another person asked.

direct speech: 'Do you work from home?' he said. indirect speech: He asked me if I worked from home. direct speech: 'Who did you see?' she asked. indirect speech: She asked me who I'd seen. direct speech: 'Could you write that down for me?' she asked. indirect speech: She asked me to write it down.

Try this exercise to test your grammar.

Grammar B1-B2: Reported speech 2: 1

Read the explanation to learn more.

Grammar explanation

A reported question is when we tell someone what another person asked. To do this, we can use direct speech or indirect speech.

direct speech: 'Do you like working in sales?' he asked. indirect speech: He asked me if I liked working in sales.

In indirect speech, we change the question structure (e.g. Do you like ) to a statement structure (e.g. I like ).

We also often make changes to the tenses and other words in the same way as for reported statements (e.g. have done → had done , today → that day ). You can learn about these changes on the Reported speech 1 – statements page.

Yes / no questions

In yes / no questions, we use if or whether to report the question. If is more common.

'Are you going to the Helsinki conference?' He asked me if I was going to the Helsinki conference. 'Have you finished the project yet?' She asked us whether we'd finished the project yet.

Questions with a question word

In what , where , why , who , when or how questions, we use the question word to report the question.

'What time does the train leave?' He asked me what time the train left. 'Where did he go?' She asked where he went.

Reporting verbs

The most common reporting verb for questions is ask , but we can also use verbs like enquire , want to know or wonder .

'Did you bring your passports?' She wanted to know if they'd brought their passports. 'When could you get this done by?' He wondered when we could get it done by.

Offers, requests and suggestions

If the question is making an offer, request or suggestion, we can use a specific verb pattern instead, for example offer + infinitive, ask + infinitive or suggest + ing.

'Would you like me to help you?' He offered to help me. 'Can you hold this for me, please?' She asked me to hold it. 'Why don't we check with Joel?' She suggested checking with Joel.

Do this exercise to test your grammar again.

Grammar B1-B2: Reported speech 2: 2

Language level

She offered me to encourage studying English. She asked us if we could give her a hand.

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He said, "I wished she had gone."

How to change this sentence into indirect speech?

Hello bhutuljee,

'He said that he wished she had gone.'

Best wishes, Kirk LearnEnglish team

He said, "I wish she went."

How to change the above sentence into indirect speech?

Hi bhutuljee,

It would be: "He said that he wished she had gone."

LearnEnglish team

He said , "She wished John would succeed."

This is the third sentence you've asked us to transform in this way. While we try to offer as much help as we can, we are not a service for giving answers to questions which may be from tests or homework so we do limit these kinds of answers. Perhaps having read the information on the page above you can try to transform the sentence yourself and we will tell you if you have done it correctly or not.

The LearnEnglish Team

Hi, I hope my comment finds you well and fine. 1- reported question of "where did he go?"

Isn't it: She asked where he had gone?

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/b1-b2-grammar/reported-…

2- how can I report poilte questions with( can I, May I) For example: She asked me" Can I borrow some money?"

Your reply will be highly appreciated.

Hello alrufai,

1) The version of the sentence you suggest is also correct. In informal situations, we often don't change the past simple into the past perfect, but in formal situations we do so more often.

2) 'can', 'may' and 'might' all become 'could' in reported questions like these: 'She asked if she could borrow some money.'

I wonder if there are any occasions we can't use "Why" for reported speech? I'm not sure for this one. Thank you

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Reported speech (b1).

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Reported speech PDF exercise 1

Key with answers 1

  • Complete sentences: "It is too late." - I said it was too late.

Reported speech PDF exercise 2

Key with answers 2

  • A multiple choice choice test: "Sam may contact you." - He said Sam might contact me.

Reported speech PDF exercise 3

Key with answers 3

  • Reported speech to direct speech: She said she lived in York. - "I live in York," she said.

Reported speech PDF exercise 4

Key with answers 4

  • Time in reported speech: We will set off tomorrow." - They said they would set off the next day.

Reported speech PDF exercise 5

Key with answers 5

  • Correct mistakes: "I have been with Jill since yesterday," said Joe on Friday morning. On Friday morning Joe said he had been with Jill since yesterday. Correct: On Friday morning Joe said he had been with Jill since the day before .

Reported speech PDF exercise 6

Key with answers 6

  • All changes in reported speech: Tim said he had worked with them the previous month. - "I worked with them last month," said Tim.

Reported questions + commands exercises PDF Practise questions, commands and requests in the reported speech.

Online exercises with answers:

Direct and indirect speech exercises Multiple choice and gap-filling exercises on reported statements, questions and commands.

Grammar rules PDF:

Reported speech rules PDF Changes of tenses, pronouns, time and place in reported statements, questions and commands.

English grammar PDF All PDF rules with examples on this website to download for free.

The reported speech is used if we want to report what other people said, thought or felt. We use reporting verbs such as say, tell, explain, think, hope, etc. If these verbs are in the past tense, we change the following: a) verb tenses and verb forms b) pronouns c) adverbs of time and place

A) Verb tenses

We change the tenses in the following way.

  • Present simple - past simple: "I work in York," Joe said. - Joe said (that) he worked in York.
  • Present continuous - past continuous: "We are playing a game," Jane explained. - Jane explained (that) they were playing a game.
  • Past simple - past perfect simple: "Sarah came back," I thought. - I thought (that) Sarah had come back.
  • Past continuous - past perfect continuous: "I was talking to our new neighbour," Ben told me. - Ben told me (that) he had been talking to our new neighbour.
  • Present perfect simple - past perfect simple: "I have eaten all sandwiches," he admitted. - He admitted (that) he had eaten all sandwiches.
  • Present perfect continuous - past perfect continuous: "I have been driving for three hours," he comnplained. - He complained (that) he had been driving for three hours.
  • Will - would I will wait outside the station," he reminded me. - He reminded me (that) he would wait outside the station.

Note: Some modal verbs change in a specific way, whereas other verb forms remain the same in special cases.

Read more: Direct and indirect speech

B) Pronouns

Personal pronouns

We have to change pronouns in the reported speech to keep the same meaning. "We are in Italy," he said. - He said they were in Italy. "They invited us," Betty said. - Betty said they had invited them. "I admire your new garden," she told me. - She told me she admired my new garden. "You can take my car," Peter said. - Peter said I could take his car.

This and these

This and these are usually substituted. "They will move this year," my mum said. - My mum said they would move that year. "I like these shoes," Tim insisted. - Tim insisted he liked the shoes.

C) Time and place

The time expressions change as follows.

now - then, today - that day, tomorrow - the next day/the following day, the day after tomorrow - in two days' time, yesterday - the day before, the day before yesterday - two days before, next week/month - the following week/month, last week/month - the previous week/month, a year ago - a year before/the previous year

Marion: "I will do it tomorrow." - Marion said she would do it the next day. Dan: "We arrived last week." - Dan said they had arrived the previous week. Judith: "Brian got married a year ago." - Judith said Brian had got married a year before.

Here and there

Here usually becomes there . But sometimes we have to make different adjustments. "I'll stay here till the evening," he said. - He said he would stay there till the evening. In the hospital: "We'll meet here." - He said they would meet in the hospital.

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Reported Questions

Reported questions are one form of reported speech .

We usually introduce reported questions with the verb "ask":

  • He asked (me) if / whether ... (YES/NO questions)
  • He asked (me) why / when / where / what / how ... (question-word questions)

As with reported statements , we may need to change pronouns and tense (backshift) as well as time and place in reported questions.

But we also need to change the word order . After we report a question, it is no longer a question (and in writing there is no question mark). The word order is like that of a normal statement (subject-verb-object).

Reported YES/NO questions

We introduce reported YES/NO questions with ask + if :

Note that in the above example the reported question has no auxiliary "do". But there is pronoun change and backshift.

Note that we sometimes use "whether" instead of "if". The meaning is the same. "Whether" is a little more formal and more usual in writing:

  • They asked us if we wanted lunch.
  • They asked us whether we wanted lunch.

Reported question-word questions

We introduce reported question-word questions with ask + question word :

Note that in the above example the reported question has no auxiliary "do". But there is pronoun change and backshift.

  • YES/NO questions: Do you want tea?
  • Question Word questions: Where did you drink tea?
  • Choice questions: Do you prefer tea or coffee?

Look at these example sentences:

Contributor: Josef Essberger

Learn English Team

Reported Speech with Examples and Test (PDF)

Reported speech is used when we want to convey what someone else has said to us or to another person. It involves paraphrasing or summarising what has been said , often changing verb tenses , pronouns and other elements to suit the context of the report.

*doesn’t change

Formula of Reported Speech

The formula for reported speech involves transforming direct speech into an indirect form while maintaining the meaning of the original statement. In general, the formula includes:

  • Choosing an appropriate reporting verb (e.g., say, tell, mention, explain).
  • Changing pronouns and time expressions if necessary.
  • Shifting the tense of the verb back if the reporting verb is in the past tense.
  • Using reporting clauses like “that” or appropriate conjunctions.
  • Adjusting word order and punctuation to fit the structure of the reported speech.

Here’s a simplified formula:

Reporting Verb + Indirect Object + Conjunction + Reported Clause

For example:

  • She said (reporting verb) to me (indirect object) that (conjunction) she liked ice cream (reported clause).

questions reported speech pdf

Here’s how we use reported speech:

Reporting Verbs: We use verbs like ‘say’ or ‘tell’ to introduce reported speech. If the reporting verb is in the present tense, the tense of the reported speech generally remains the same.

If the reporting verb is in the past tense , the tense of the reported speech often shifts back in time.

Tense Changes: Tense changes are common in reported speech. For example, present simple may change to past simple, present continuous to past continuous, etc. However, some verbs like ‘would’, ‘could’, ‘should’, ‘might’, ‘must’, and ‘ought to’ generally don’t change.

Reported Questions: When reporting questions, we often change them into statements while preserving the meaning. Question words are retained, and the tense of the verbs may change.

Reported Requests and Orders: Requests and orders are reported similarly to statements. Reported requests often use ‘asked me to’ + infinitive, while reported orders use ‘told me to’ + infinitive.

Time Expressions: Time expressions may need to change depending on when the reported speech occurred in relation to the reporting moment. For instance, ‘today’ may become ‘that day’ or ‘yesterday’, ‘yesterday’ might become ‘the day before’, and so forth.

Reported Speech with Examples PDF

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Reported Speech Test

  Reported Speech A2 – B1 Test – download

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Biden classified documents report

Biden responds to special counsel report on handling of classified documents

By Devan Cole , Tori B. Powell , Elise Hammond and Piper Hudspeth Blackburn, CNN

Key things we learned from the special counsel's report into Biden's handling of classified documents

From CNN's Jeremy Herb, Hannah Rabinowitz, Devan Cole, Zachary Cohen and Holmes Lybrand

President Joe Biden makes his way to board Marine One from the South Lawn of the White House in Washington, DC, on February 8. 

Special counsel Robert Hur’s report released Thursday  did not charge President Joe Biden with a crime, but it painted a picture of a forgetful commander-in-chief who failed to properly protect highly sensitive classified information — a depiction that could hurt Biden politically.

The special counsel report found that Biden willfully retained classified information, including top secret documents, and knew he was in possession of some documents as far back as 2017, and shared some of that information with the ghostwriter of his 2017 memoir.

Here are some of the key takeaways:

  • A painful report for Biden: Hur laid out in detail how Biden mishandled classified materials, writing that FBI agents discovered materials from “the garage, offices, and basement den in Mr. Biden’s Wilmington, Delaware, home.” The materials included classified documents , including some marked at the highest top secret/sensitive compartmented information level, related to military and foreign policy in Afghanistan, as well as notebooks containing Biden's handwriting. Hur’s report also included photos depicting various parts of Biden’s homes, materials at issue in the investigation and other relevant scenes over the years.
  • Hur says evidence didn't support charging the president: While the investigation revealed that Biden “willfully retained and disclosed classified materials” after leaving office, Hur’s report says his team concluded that the evidence didn’t support prosecuting the president. The primary reason for that determination was that nothing proved a willful intent by Biden to illegally hold onto classified information. The special counsel also raised Biden’s age and memory in explaining why he didn’t bring charges.
  • Biden slams Hur's depiction of him and misspeaks: The president tore into the special counsel's depiction of him as an elderly man who was absent-minded in interviews during hastily scheduled remarks at the White House Thursday night. But just minutes after defending his memory and cognition, Biden misspoke and called President of Egypt Abdel Fattah al-Sisi the “president of Mexico,” a moment that undercut his forceful pushback against the report.
  • Republicans get political gifts: Congressional Republicans wasted no time seizing on Hur’s report, claiming that the decision not to bring criminal charges is evidence of political bias against their party’s likely presidential nominee in 2024, as well as that details about Biden’s memory issues prove he is not fit for office.

Read more takeaways from the report and reactions from Republicans and the White House.

This post has been updated following Biden's remarks.

Biden blames staff for handling of classified documents

From CNN's Nikki Carvajal

President Joe Biden.

President Joe Biden placed the blame for his handling of classified documents on his staff, saying he took responsibility for “not having seen exactly” what they were doing. 

“I take responsibility for not having seen exactly what my staff was doing,” Biden said, when asked by a reporter if he took responsibility for being careless with classified material. “Things that appear in my garage, things that came out of my home, things that were moved -- not by me but my staff."

Biden was asked later what he would do differently and responded that what he should have done is “oversee the transfer of the material that was in my office – in my offices.”

“I should have done that,” he said. “If I go back, I didn't have the responsibility, that was – my staff was supposed to do that and they referenced that in the report. And my staff did not do it in a way that – for example, I didn't know how half the boxes got in my garage until I found out staff gathering them up, put them together and took them out of the garage of my home.” 

He also drew a comparison with former President Donald Trump’s handling of classified material, saying his documents weren’t “out in like – in Mar Lago, in a public place where – and none of it was high classified, it didn't have any of that red stuff on it. You know what I mean? The red stuff around the corners? None of that.”

Special counsel Robert Hur found that Biden did not properly protect classified documents in a report released earlier Thursday but said that Biden should not be criminally charged. 

Biden spars with reporters pressing him about his age and memory

From CNN's Elise Hammond

President Joe Biden leaves after delivering remarks at the White House on Thursday.

President Joe Biden fired back at reporters lobbing questions at him on Thursday following a special counsel report that did not charge him with a crime, but it painted a picture of a forgetful commander-in-chief who failed to properly protect highly sensitive classified information

The report references apparent lapses in memory from the president. One reporter asked Biden, "How bad is your memory and can you continue as president?"

Biden replied, "My memory is so bad I let you speak."

Another reporter in the room asked the president if he believed his memory had gotten worse. Biden replied:

"None of you thought could I pass any of the things I got passed. How did that happen? I guess I just forgot what was going on," Biden quipped.

Biden fires back against Hur report's description of him as a "well-meaning, elderly man"

From CNN's Betsy Klein

President Joe Biden delivers remarks at the White House.

President Joe Biden fired back against special counsel Robert Hur’s description of why he was not charged, with Hur describing the president as potentially being seen by a jury as a “well-meaning, elderly man with a poor memory.”

He dismissed concerns from the American people about his age when pressed by CNN’s MJ Lee on the matter after previously saying they should watch him and make their own judgment.  

Age has presented a chronic issue and political liability for Biden: 46% of Democrats in a CNN poll conducted by SSRS released last week were concerned about his age.  

“That is your judgment. That is your judgment,” he told Lee, raising his voice, as she asked about the polling.

Pressed again by Lee on why he is best equipped to take on former President Donald Trump in a November general election, he said, “Because I’m the most qualified person in this country to finish the job I started.”

Biden mistakenly refers to Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi as the president of Mexico

From CNN's Piper Hudspeth Blackburn

President Joe Biden, minutes after defending his memory, mistakenly referred to Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi as the the president of Mexico while answering questions from reporters about hostage negotiations and humanitarian aid in the Gaza strip.

“Initially, the president of Mexico -- Sisi -- did not want to open up the gate to allow humanitarian material to get in. I talked to him. I convinced him to open the gate. I talked to Bibi to open the gate on Israeli side. I've been pushing really hard, really hard to get humanitarian assistance into Gaza. There are a lot of innocent people who are starving. Lots of innocent people are in trouble and dying. And it's got to stop."

Biden also noted that he’s “pushing very hard now to deal with this hostage ceasefire."

If an initial delay possible, Biden said: ”I think that we would be able to extend that so that we could increase the prospect that this fighting in Gaza changes. There's also other negotiations."

Biden says he is pleased that the special counsel decided not to bring charges

President Joe Biden speaks in the Diplomatic Reception Room of the White House on Thursday.

President Joe Biden said he’s pleased that special counsel Robert Hur “reached a firm conclusion that no charges should be brought against me in this case.” 

"The special counsel acknowledged I cooperated completely. I did not throw up any roadblocks. I sought no delays," the president said of his response to the investigation into his handling of classified documents.

Biden noted that he cooperated with the probe and sat for a five hour interview over two days in October, "even though Israel had just been attacked by Hamas."

Biden slams special counsel for saying he doesn't remember when his son died

From CNN's Elise Hammond and Nikki Carvajal

President Joe Biden speaks on Thursday.

Joe Biden slammed special counsel Robert Hur for putting in his report that the president did not remember when his son Beau died, in a mention of Biden's apparent memory lapses.

The report said investigators found Biden’s “memory was significantly limited” during interviews with his ghostwriter and an interview with Hur’s office last year. According to the report, Biden — during the 2023 interview — did not remember when his son Beau died nor the years he was vice president.

Biden started to say he wore his son's rosary every day since the day he died, but stopped, appearing to choke up. 

“Every Memorial Day we hold a service remembering him, attended by friends and family and the people who loved him,” Biden said, after a pause. “I don't need anyone. I don't need anyone to remind me when he passed away.” 

He then reiterated that when he sat down with the special counsel, “at the same time I was managing an international crisis.” 

Asked later if he felt his memory had gotten worse, Biden responded: “My memory is fine.” 

“Take a look at what I've done since I've become president,” Biden said. “None of you thought I could pass any of the things I got passed. How'd that happen?”

NOW: Biden makes remarks after special counsel report into his handling of classified documents

From CNN staff

President Joe Biden speaks during a press conferences on February 8, 2024, in Washington, DC.

President Joe Biden is now giving remarks at the White House following the release of a report by special counsel Robert Hur into his handling of classified documents.

The report concluded Biden willfully retained and disclosed classified military and national security information but recommended he not face charges.

Biden to deliver remarks Thursday night

From CNN's Kevin Liptak

President Joe Biden will deliver remarks from the White House at 7:45 p.m. the White House said. 

No topic was immediately given, but the remarks come hours after the release of special counsel Robert Hur's report on the president's handling of classified documents.

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Biden will not face charges over classified papers, says 'memory is fine'

Memory issues.

U.S. President Joe Biden delivers remarks at the White House in Washington

'INAPPROPRIATE COMMENTS'

Reporting by Andrew Goudsward and Jeff Mason, additional reporting by Alexandra Ulmer; Writing by Andy Sullivan; Editing by Scott Malone, Lisa Shumaker, Deepa Babington and Don Durfee

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles. , opens new tab

questions reported speech pdf

Thomson Reuters

Jeff Mason is a White House Correspondent for Reuters. He has covered the presidencies of Barack Obama, Donald Trump and Joe Biden and the presidential campaigns of Biden, Trump, Obama, Hillary Clinton and John McCain. He served as president of the White House Correspondents’ Association in 2016-2017, leading the press corps in advocating for press freedom in the early days of the Trump administration. His and the WHCA's work was recognized with Deutsche Welle's "Freedom of Speech Award." Jeff has asked pointed questions of domestic and foreign leaders, including Russian President Vladimir Putin and North Korea's Kim Jong Un. He is a winner of the WHCA's “Excellence in Presidential News Coverage Under Deadline Pressure" award and co-winner of the Association for Business Journalists' "Breaking News" award. Jeff began his career in Frankfurt, Germany as a business reporter before being posted to Brussels, Belgium, where he covered the European Union. Jeff appears regularly on television and radio and teaches political journalism at Georgetown University. He is a graduate of Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism and a former Fulbright scholar.

Republican presidential candidate Nikki Haley campaigns in South Carolina

Brazil to reappoint gov't representatives to Petrobras board, maintaining influence - sources

Brazil's government will reappoint its representatives to the board of state-run oil firm Petrobras , sources said on Friday, a sign energy minister Alexandre Silveira is maintaining his influence over an administration he has criticised.

British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak leaves Downing Street to attend Prime Minister's Questions at the House of Commons in London

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Federal Appeals Court Rejects Trump’s Claim of Absolute Immunity

The ruling answered a question that an appeals court had never addressed: Can former presidents escape being held accountable by the criminal justice system for things they did while in office?

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Former President Donald J. Trump in a blue suit. He is walking between blue curtains being held open for him.

By Alan Feuer and Charlie Savage

A federal appeals court on Tuesday rejected former President Donald J. Trump’s claim that he was immune from prosecution on charges of plotting to subvert the results of the 2020 election, ruling that he must go to trial on a criminal indictment accusing him of seeking to overturn his loss to President Biden.

The unanimous ruling, by a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, handed Mr. Trump a significant defeat. But it was unlikely to be the final word on his claims of executive immunity: Mr. Trump, who is on a path to locking up the Republican presidential nomination, is expected to continue his appeal to the Supreme Court.

Still, the panel’s 57-page ruling signaled an important moment in American jurisprudence, answering a question that had never been addressed by an appeals court: Can former presidents escape being held accountable by the criminal justice system for things they did while in office?

The question is novel because no former president until Mr. Trump had been indicted, so there was never an opportunity for a defendant to make — and courts to consider — the sweeping claim of executive immunity that he put forward.

The panel, composed of two judges appointed by Democrats and one Republican appointee, said in its decision that, despite the privileges of the office he once held, Mr. Trump was subject to federal criminal law like any other American.

“For the purpose of this criminal case, former President Trump has become citizen Trump, with all of the defenses of any other criminal defendant,” the panel wrote. “But any executive immunity that may have protected him while he served as president no longer protects him against this prosecution.”

The three judges cast Mr. Trump’s immunity claims as a danger to the nation’s constitutional system.

“At bottom, former President Trump’s stance would collapse our system of separated powers by placing the president beyond the reach of all three branches,” they wrote. “Presidential immunity against federal indictment would mean that, as to the president, the Congress could not legislate, the executive could not prosecute and the judiciary could not review. We cannot accept that the office of the presidency places its former occupants above the law for all time thereafter.”

A spokesman for Jack Smith, the special counsel who brought the case against Mr. Trump, declined to comment on the decision.

Steven Cheung, a spokesman for Mr. Trump’s campaign, said the former president “respectfully disagrees” with the decision and would appeal it.

“If immunity is not granted to a president, every future president who leaves office will be immediately indicted by the opposing party,” Mr. Cheung said. “Without complete immunity, a president of the United States would not be able to properly function.”

The panel’s ruling came nearly a month after it heard arguments on the immunity issue from Mr. Trump’s legal team and from prosecutors working for Mr. Smith. While the decision was quick by the standards of a normal appeal, what happens next will be arguably more important in determining not only when a trial on the election subversion charges will take place, but also on the timing of Mr. Trump’s three other criminal trials.

In addition to the federal indictment charging him with seeking to overturn his election loss in 2020, he faces similar charges brought by a district attorney in Georgia. In a footnote, the panel stressed that its decision did not address the separate question of whether state prosecutors could charge a former president over official actions.

Mr. Smith, the special counsel appointed to oversee the federal prosecutions, has also brought a case in Florida accusing Mr. Trump of mishandling highly sensitive classified documents after leaving office and obstructing efforts to retrieve them. And Mr. Trump is scheduled to go on trial next month in Manhattan on charges related to hush-money payments to a porn star during the 2016 campaign.

When Mr. Trump first sought to have the federal election case dismissed on grounds of immunity , it was an attempt to expand the protections the Supreme Court had already granted to sitting and former presidents against civil lawsuits concerning their official actions.

While not accepting that Mr. Trump’s actions were official — the panel noted that presidents have no constitutionally prescribed role in counting electoral college votes — the judges rejected his arguments about being immune from criminal charges.

“We cannot accept former President Trump’s claim that a president has unbounded authority to commit crimes that would neutralize the most fundamental check on executive power — the recognition and implementation of election results,” the judges wrote. “Nor can we sanction his apparent contention that the executive has carte blanche to violate the rights of individual citizens to vote and to have their votes count.”

The unsigned decision was issued by all three judges: Karen L. Henderson, an appointee of former President George H.W. Bush, and two appointees of President Biden, Judges Florence Y. Pan and J. Michelle Childs.

During the arguments last month, the judges signaled particular concern after Mr. Trump’s lawyer argued that a former president could avoid criminal prosecution even for ordering SEAL Team 6, an elite group of Navy commandos, to assassinate one of his political rivals unless the Senate had first convicted him at an impeachment trial.

The panel rejected the Trump legal team’s arguments about the necessity of an impeachment conviction before bringing criminal charges.

And in another significant part of their decision, the three appellate judges also circumscribed Mr. Trump’s ability to use further appeals to waste more time and delay the election case from going to trial — a strategy the former president has pursued since the indictment against him was filed in August in Federal District Court in Washington.

The panel said that Mr. Trump had until Monday to ask the Supreme Court to get involved in the case and continue a stay of all the underlying proceedings. The case was initially put on hold by the trial judge in December .

But the panel imposed a rule designed to discourage Mr. Trump from making an intermediate challenge to the full court of appeals. It said that if Mr. Trump instead took that route, trial preparations could begin again after Feb. 12.

If the question does reach the Supreme Court, the justices will first have to decide whether to accept the case or to reject it and allow the appeals court’s ruling against Mr. Trump to stand.

If they decline to hear the issue, the case would be sent directly back to the trial judge, Tanya S. Chutkan. She scrapped her initial March 4 date for the trial last week, but has otherwise shown every sign of wanting to move the charges toward trial as quickly as possible.

If, however, the Supreme Court does accept the case, the crucial question will become how quickly the justices act in asking for briefs and in scheduling arguments. Should they move rapidly to hear the case and issue a decision, there remains the chance that a trial on the election charges will occur before the general election in November.

But if the justices take their time, it is possible a trial could be delayed until after the election. If that were to happen and Mr. Trump were to win, he would be in a position to ask his Justice Department to dismiss the case or even seek to pardon himself.

Even though Mr. Trump put three of the justices on the bench, the Supreme Court has not shown much of an appetite for wading into issues related to his efforts to tinker with the mechanics of American democracy.

But the question of how to handle Mr. Trump’s immunity claim is heading the Supreme Court’s way as it prepares for arguments on Thursday about another momentous question related to the former president: whether he can be disqualified from the ballot for having engaged in an act of insurrection by encouraging his supporters to storm the Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021.

Alan Feuer covers extremism and political violence for The Times, focusing on the criminal cases involving the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol and against former President Donald J. Trump.  More about Alan Feuer

Charlie Savage writes about national security and legal policy. More about Charlie Savage

NBC News

'How the hell dare he': Biden forcefully defends memory in response to special counsel's report

W ASHINGTON — President Joe Biden forcefully defended himself against charges that he suffers from memory loss, delivering remarks Thursday night at the White House in response to special counsel Robert Hur's report on his handling of classified information.

Hur’s report included characterizations of the president’s mental fitness, saying his memory was “significantly limited, both during his recorded interviews with the ghostwriter in 2017, and in his interview with our office in 2023.”

The report also said Biden did not remember, even within several years, when his son Beau died.

"How in the hell dare he raise that?" Biden said, adding that when he was asked about Beau's death during the probe, he thought to himself that it "wasn't any of their damn business."

Biden's son Beau died in 2015 from brain cancer.

"I don’t need anyone to remind me when he passed away," Biden said Thursday night, reiterating that he wears his late son's rosary beads and honors him with a service every Memorial Day. The president often talks about Beau in speeches, especially in discussing loss and grief.

Biden also said, "My memory’s fine," in response to a reporter's question.

Later in his remarks, Biden mistakenly referred to Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sissi as the president of Mexico. The flub took place when Biden was answering a question about the Israel-Hamas war, and it was the third time this week he has mixed up heads of state .

Biden appeared hours after Hur released his report into his handling of classified documents. Hur declined to prosecute the president, but he found that he “willfully retained and disclosed classified materials after his vice presidency when he was a private citizen.”

White House officials concluded Thursday evening that Biden needed to address the special counsel’s most damning allegations head-on and express his anger about the report directly, according to two people familiar with the decision.

Senior Biden aides believed it was imperative for the president to call out what they view as purely political criticism from Hur because, they argue, the special counsel was concerned about potential blowback from conservatives for not charging Biden with a crime, one of the people said.

The White House also felt, as evidenced by the president’s fiery remarks about knowing when his late son Beau died, that the attacks on his memory were “way out of line” and “gratuitous,” the source said.

Biden on Thursday night reiterated the distinction the special counsel's report made between his handling of classified documents compared with former President Donald Trump’s. Earlier in the day, he briefly addressed the report in a pre-announced speech, saying he was “especially pleased” that it “made clear the stark differences between this case and Donald Trump.”

In response to a reporter's question Thursday night about what he would have done differently, Biden talked about the importance of overseeing the transfer of materials.

"I should have done that," he said.

“I didn’t know how half the boxes got in my garage until I found out staff gathered them up and put them together and took them to the garage in my home,” he added.

But Biden pushed back against the report's language that he "willfully retained" classified documents, saying such assertions were "not only misleading; they're just plain wrong."

Biden also denied sharing classified information, including with his ghostwriter.

"I guarantee you," he said.

The pushback came in response to part of Hur's report that details a recorded 2017 conversation Biden had with his ghostwriter, in which he said he “just found all this classified stuff downstairs,” according to the report. He told the ghostwriter in a recording, “Some of this may be classified, so be careful.”

The report also threw doubt on whether a jury would convict Biden had Hur decided to bring charges.

“We have also considered that, at trial, Mr. Biden would likely present himself to a jury, as he did during our interview of him, as a sympathetic, well-meaning, elderly man with a poor memory. Based on our direct interactions with and observations of him, he is someone for whom many jurors will want to identify reasonable doubt,” the report said. “It would be difficult to convince a jury that they should convict him — by then a former president well into his eighties — of a serious felony that requires a mental state of willfulness.”

This article was originally published on NBCNews.com

'How the hell dare he': Biden forcefully defends memory in response to special counsel's report

‘A nightmare’: Special counsel’s assessment of Biden’s mental fitness triggers Democratic panic

WASHINGTON — President Joe Biden sidestepped any criminal charges as the investigation into his handling of classified documents concluded, but the political blowback from the special counsel’s report Thursday could prove even more devastating, reinforcing impressions that he is too old and impaired to hold the highest office.

Special counsel Robert Hur’s portrait of a man who couldn’t remember when he served as Barack Obama’s vice president, or the year when his beloved son Beau died, dealt a blow to Biden’s argument that he is still sharp and fit enough to serve another four-year term.

In deciding not to charge Biden with any crimes, the special counsel wrote that in a potential trial, “Mr. Biden would likely present himself to a jury, as he did during our interview with him, as a sympathetic, well-meaning, elderly man with a poor memory.”

It was tough enough for Biden to reassure voters about his health before Hur’s report hit like a thunderclap Thursday afternoon, prompting members of his own party to question whether he could remain the nominee in November.

“It’s a nightmare,” said a Democratic House member who asked to speak anonymously to provide a frank assessment, adding that “it weakens President Biden electorally, and Donald Trump would be a disaster and an authoritarian.”

“For Democrats, we’re in a grim situation.”

Biden wasted little time before attempting to minimize the fallout. He held an unexpected exchange with reporters in the White House on Thursday night, in which he disputed Hur's assessment of his mental acuity.

Biden grew emotional when invoking the part of the report addressing the date of his son's death.

"How in the hell dare you raise that?" Biden said. "Frankly, when I was asked the question I thought to myself, 'It wasn't any of their damn business.' "

‘Beyond devastating’

Polling has long shown that age looms as Biden’s greatest liability in his expected rematch with Trump. A January poll by NBC News found that 76% of voters have major or moderate concerns about Biden’s mental and physical health.

“It’s been a problem since way before this ever happened,” said a longtime Democratic operative who noted that when focus groups are asked to apply one word to Biden, it is often “old.”

Just this week, Biden twice referred to conversations he’s had as president with foreign leaders who’ve long since died. In his remarks Thursday night defending his competency, while talking about the war in Gaza, he referred to Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sissi as being the head of Mexico. White House press aides have downplayed such lapses as the sort of mistake anyone in public life can make.

The Hur report strips away the defenses that Biden’s press operation has used to protect him and raises fresh doubts about whether Biden is up to the rigors of the presidency, Democratic strategists said in interviews.

“This is beyond devastating,” said another Democratic operative, speaking on condition of anonymity to talk candidly about Biden’s shortcomings. “It confirms every doubt and concern that voters have. If the only reason they didn’t charge him is because he’s too old to be charged, then how can he be president of the United States?”

Asked if Hur’s report changes the calculus for Democrats who expect Biden to be the party’s nominee, this person said: “How the f--- does it not?”

Another Biden ally called it “the worst day of his presidency.”

“I think he needs to show us this is a demonstrably false characterization of him and that he has what it takes to win and govern.”

Biden has overwhelmingly won the first primary contests — notching victories in New Hampshire, South Carolina and Nevada. It would be virtually impossible for anyone else to challenge him at this point; the deadline has passed in more than 30 states to get on primary ballots.

Some of the president’s allies were quick to defend him. They pointed to the timing of the interview with the special counsel — days after Hamas’ attack on Israel, which had captured much of the president’s focus. Others said that in their own dealings with Biden, he shows no sign of infirmity.

“He did so well in this discussion with members,” Rep. Susan Wild, D-Pa., told NBC News after seeing the president on Thursday. “He’s very sharp, no memory issues, and his only stumbling is when he trips over words consistent with his lifelong speech impediment.”

‘Prejudicial language’

Though Biden was fortunate to escape indictment, the special counsel report may give Trump additional fodder as he fights charges for allegedly mishandling classified records at his Mar-a-Lago social club. Republicans are already accusing Biden of benefiting from a double standard . Trump will likely brandish the Hur report as proof that Biden has “weaponized” the Justice Department for political advantage.

What’s more, Democrats will now be hard-pressed to capitalize on Trump’s indictment over retaining classified records. Before Hur’s report came out, Democrats argued that the two cases were very different. Whereas Trump failed to turn over classified records even after he was asked to do so, Biden willingly cooperated with authorities and relinquished all the material he had, Biden allies had argued.

“The public understands the essential difference between presidents or vice presidents like Joe Biden who occasionally behaved in sloppy ways with respect to where they were taking documents, and a president like Trump, who deliberately makes off with hundreds of classified government documents and then hides them and refuses to return them,” Rep. Jamie Raskin, D-Md., said on Wednesday, before the report was released. (Trump has denied any wrongdoing.)

Now, the distinctions may be harder for Biden allies to draw, given that Hur wrote that there was evidence Biden “willfully retained and disclosed classified material after his vice presidency when he was a private citizen.”

The report mentions an instance in February 2017, when he was no longer vice president, when Biden read notes containing classified information “nearly verbatim” to a ghostwriter helping him with his book, “Promise Me, Dad.”

Storage of sensitive government secrets was haphazard. The report describes certain classified records involving the war in Afghanistan in Biden’s Delaware garage inside a “badly damaged box surrounded by household detritus.”

Before the report was released, Biden aides had been bracing for a finding that he had simply been careless in his treatment of classified records, a person familiar with the White House’s thinking said.

The political fallout from the report, though, is likely to be “worse,” this person said. What will stick in people’s minds is what Hur said about Biden’s memory, the person added.

Biden’s lawyers disputed the report’s description of Biden’s forgetfulness.

“We do not believe that the report’s treatment of President Biden’s memory is accurate or appropriate,” two of his lawyers wrote in a letter to Hur. “The report uses highly prejudicial language to describe a commonplace occurrence among witnesses: a lack of recall of years-old events.”

In the hours after the report was released, people close to the Biden campaign rolled out a different rebuttal. Jim Messina, who ran Obama’s 2012 re-election campaign, wrote on X, the site formerly known as Twitter, that Hur is a Republican who “knew exactly how his swipes could hurt Biden politically.”

That’s a familiar argument. Trump has also claimed that law enforcement is trying to sway the election, meaning both sides are now claiming victimization at the hands of partisan prosecutors.

“Hur knew exactly what he was doing here,” Stephanie Cutter, a veteran Democratic operative, wrote on X. “To provide political cover for himself for not prosecuting, he gratuitously leveled a personal (not legal) charge against the president that he absolutely knows is a gift to Trump. And, guess what we are all talking about?”

questions reported speech pdf

Peter Nicholas is a senior national political reporter for NBC News.

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  1. Reported Speech: online worksheet and pdf

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  3. Reported Speech Questions And Answers Pdf / Reported Speech Worksheet

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  6. REPORTED SPEECH

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  1. EN.06 Reported Speech (Questions)

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  5. 🔥Direct And Indirect Speech Most Important Questions

  6. HOW TO USE REPORTED SPEECH IN SPEAKING PRACTICE

COMMENTS

  1. Reported speech

    Reported speech 1. Reported speech 2. Reported requests and orders. Reported speech exercise. Reported questions - worksheet. Indirect speech - worksheet. Worksheets pdf - print. Grammar worksheets - handouts.

  2. PDF Unit 12A Grammar: Reported Speech(1

    1. If the direct speech statement includes the any of the following modal verbs, they do not change when transformed into reported speech: may, might, would, should, ought to 2. If the situation in the reported statement hasn't changed and is still true in the present, the reporting verb can remain in the same form:

  3. Reported speech: questions

    Grammar explanation A reported question is when we tell someone what another person asked. To do this, we can use direct speech or indirect speech. direct speech: 'Do you like working in sales?' he asked. indirect speech: He asked me if I liked working in sales. In indirect speech, we change the question structure (e.g.

  4. Reported Speech Exercises

    Perfect English Grammar Here's a list of all the reported speech exercises on this site: ( Click here to read the explanations about reported speech ) Reported Statements: Present Simple Reported Statement Exercise (quite easy) (in PDF here) Present Continuous Reported Statement Exercise (quite easy) (in PDF here)

  5. PDF Unit 12B Grammar: Reported Speech(2)

    the reported speech: Questions words: • who • when • where • why • what • which • how *They are sometimes called -wh words *CAUTION: Do/does/can/ have etc. are NOT question words! (they are auxiliary verbs) Direct Speech Reported Speech "Who is your favourite author?" asked Andrea. Andrea asked who my favourite author was.

  6. PDF B1 Reported Questions RS008

    Reported Questions - PDF Grammar Worksheet - B1 - RS008 B1 Reported Questions RS008 Make reported questions from the sentences below! He asked me, "Can I take a photo?" He wondered if ___________________________________________________________________________ . Joanne asked me, "Where did you buy that dress?"

  7. PDF REPORTED SPEECH

    ENGLISH GRAMMAR REPORTED SPEECH DIRECT AND INDIRECT (OR REPORTED) SPEECH. INTRODUCTION There are two ways of relating what a person has said: direct and indirect. In direct speech we repeat the original speaker's exact words: He said, "I have lost my umbrella."

  8. PDF Reported Questions Exercise

    Reported Questions Exercise Author: Bob Subject: This is a print-out exercise about reported questions in English Keywords: estilo indirecto, reported speech, printable grammar exercises Created Date: 10/1/2010 4:49:53 PM

  9. PDF Reported Speech (Intermediate ­ Advanced)

    page 1 of 5 Reporting Questions We use a special form when we report questions: WH Questions: Where is + Tom's house? He asked where Tom's house + was. Where does Tom live? He asked where Tom lived. Yes/No Questions: Does Tom live in Miami? She asked if Tom lived in Miami. Is Tom happy?

  10. PDF REPORTED SPEECH RS 3

    13. The teacher asked:" Who were they travelling with yesterday?" The teacher asked _______________________________________________________________ 14. The helper asked:"What time are you going to finish tomorrow?" The helper asked ________________________________________________________________ 15.

  11. PDF Reported Speech

    Reported Speech - questions Task 1: Make requests, bans, and questions in the reported speech. 1. The teacher: "Have you done your homework, Jack?" ____The teacher asked Jack whether he had done his homework._____ 2. The teacher: Why can't you give me your telephone number, Sara?

  12. PDF Reported Speech Discussion Questions

    What were your views? Have you ever had a disagreement with anyone at work or college? Have you ever had an ambition that you later gave up on? Why? Have you ever had to give a presentation or speech? What did you say? Have you ever received emails from scammers?

  13. PDF Reported questions

    Reported questions Exercise 1. Complete the questions in the reported speech. _____ "What do you want for breakfast?" she wondered. She wondered ..... for breakfast. ...

  14. PDF REPORTED SPEECH RS 2

    Reported Speech - English Grammar PDF Exercises Author: Klaus Rosmanitz Subject: Reported Speech and reported questions - An English Grammar PDF worksheet Keywords: reported speech, reported questions Created Date: 5/4/2012 4:21:24 PM

  15. Reported Speech (B1)

    RS008 - Reported Questions. RS007 - Reported Speech. RS006 - Reported Speech. RS005 - Reported Speech. RS004 - Reported Speech. RS003 - Reported Speech. RS002 - Reported Speech - Mixed Exercises. RS001 - Reported Speech - Mixed Exercises. Adjective and Adverbs - Downloadable PDF Worksheets for English Language Learners - Intermediate Level (B1)

  16. Reported speech exercises PDF

    Direct and indirect speech exercises Multiple choice and gap-filling exercises on reported statements, questions and commands. Grammar rules PDF: Reported speech rules PDF Changes of tenses, pronouns, time and place in reported statements, questions and commands. English grammar PDF All PDF rules with examples on this website to download for free.

  17. PDF REPORTED SPEECH

    REPORTED SPEECH - QUESTIONS 1. Match the sentences in Direct speech with their counterparts in reported speech: A. Where will you live ? B. Where do you live? C. Do you live here? D. Where are you living? E. Where did you live before? F. Where were you living? G. Are you living here? H. Will you live here? I. Are you going to live here?

  18. Reported Speech

    Perfect English Grammar Click here for a list of reported speech exercises. Click here to download this explanation in PDF. Reported Statements When do we use reported speech? Sometimes someone says a sentence, for example "I'm going to the cinema tonight". Later, maybe we want to tell someone else what the first person said.

  19. 384 Reported speech English ESL worksheets pdf & doc

    It consists of seventeen statements to rewrite in the reported speech. All the statements are in the Present Simple. An answer key is provided. A simple worksheet with four tasks on reported Speech. Thirty-eight sentences for practicing reported statements, commands,general and special questions. Key is included.

  20. Reported Questions

    Remember that there are basically three types of question : YES/NO questions: Do you want tea? Question Word questions: Where did you drink tea? Choice questions: Do you prefer tea or coffee? Reported choice questions have the same structure as Reported YES/NO questions.

  21. Reported Speech with Examples and Test (PDF)

    Reported Speech (Reporting verb in past tense) "I eat breakfast at 8 AM.". She said (that) she ate breakfast at 8 AM. "We are going to the beach.". They told me (that) they were going to the beach. "He speaks Spanish fluently.". She said (that) he spoke Spanish fluently. "She cooks delicious meals.".

  22. Reported Speech: statements, questions and orders

    Reported Speech: statements, questions and orders. Sofiaestrems. 628. 3. 5. 0. 1/2. Further practice to consolidate students knowledge on Reported Speech (only statements, Wh- and Yes/No questions, and orders). The worksheet also includes rever….

  23. Wh-questions Reported speech general…: English ESL worksheets pdf & doc

    LeslyZoe. 9771. 81. 62. 0. 1/1. Let's do English ESL general grammar practice. This worksheet concentrates on practicing reported speech. It is a drill for turning direct wh-questions into ind….

  24. Special counsel report on Biden's handling of classified ...

    The White House counsel's office concluded its review of Special Counsel Robert Hur's report on the possible mishandling of classified documents connected to President Joe Biden, declining to ...

  25. Biden will not face charges over classified papers, says 'memory is

    WASHINGTON, Feb 8 (Reuters) - The U.S. Congress has received a copy of the special counsel report on President Joe Biden's handling of classified documents dating to his years as vice president, a ...

  26. Federal Appeals Court Rejects Trump's Claim of Absolute Immunity

    A federal appeals court on Tuesday rejected former President Donald J. Trump's claim that he was immune from prosecution on charges of plotting to subvert the results of the 2020 election ...

  27. 'How the hell dare he': Biden forcefully defends memory in ...

    Biden also said, "My memory's fine," in response to a reporter's question. Later in his remarks, Biden mistakenly referred to Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sissi as the president of Mexico.

  28. 'A nightmare': Special counsel's assessment of Biden's mental fitness

    Polling has long shown that age looms as Biden's greatest liability in his expected rematch with Trump. A January poll by NBC News found that 76% of voters have major or moderate concerns about ...