CREATE, ORGANIZE, SHARE & PRINT INDEX CARDS, FLASHCARDS AND NOTECARDS ON ALL YOUR DEVICES!

  • Jan 18, 2022

The Ultimate Guide to Index Card Sizes

Updated: Mar 1, 2023

Paper index cards are widely loved and used across the world and come in a variety of sizes. The most common size in the USA is 3" x 5" (3x5). The second most popular is 4" x 6" (4x6). Other sizes include 5x8 and of course both larger and smaller specialty cards. These sizes are also the most popular in the UK and rest of the world. What sizes are index cards and which size is best for you depends mainly on how you intend to use them as we discuss in this article.

Learn how printing index cards is easier in NoteDex compared to using Word templates.

image of stack of ruled index cards

In today's increasingly online environment the index card remains an important part of the working toolset. Do not be fooled by their small sizes - the index card is a powerful tool for both business and study to take notes, organize information and share with colleagues. In this article we review for you all the different index card sizes available (at the time of writing in 2023), the best use-case for each size, and the pros and cons of different sizes.

What are the Different Sizes of Index Cards?

Here is a definitive list of different card sizes. Please tell us if we have missed one!

3 x 5 inches

4 x 6 inches (see A6)

5 x 8 inches

2 x 3 inches (see A8)

2.2 x 2.5 inches

2 x 3.5 inches

5 x 7 inches

6 x 9 inches

A6 size (107mm x 153mm) or (4.1 x 5.8 inches)

A7 size (74 mm x 105 mm) or (2.9 x 4.1 inches)

A8 size(52mm x 74mm) or (2.0 x 2.9 inches)

While there are distinct card sizes, you can see some similar items like the close relationship between 4 x 6 and the A6 size for instance.

Summary of Use Cases for Index Cards

3 x 5 index cards.

3 x 5 index cards (also referred as '3x5' or 3" by 5") are three inches tall by five inches wide (76.2 by 127.0 mm) and are by far the most common size - whether as ruled index cards or blank cards.

They typically look like this - this is an example of a pack of Oxford brand ruled index cards.

Packet of 300 Oxford brand ruled index cards

A 3 x 5 size ruled index card is great for taking notes, using for flash cards and storing small amounts of information like small to do lists or shopping lists. They are by far the most popular - in our research we found that the 3x5 index card is the most popular form available in store both lined or as blank index cards. We were recently at a CVS Pharmacy in West Los Angeles and you can see an example of a stack they had in stock.

Packet of Caliber Ruled Index Cards

4 x 6 Index Cards

4 x 6 index cards (also referred as ' 4x6' or 4" by 4") are four inches tall by six inches wide (101.6mm by 154.4 mm)

They typically look like this:

Image of 4" by 6" index cards stack

Usually available ruled, index cards in white measure 4x6 inches and the slightly larger size helps to organize larger lists and notes, to record presentation notes, store project research, manage projects, and store recipes for instance.

These are by and large interchangeable with people using a 3 x 5 size. They also seem to be more popular and the standard size in the UK.

An Amazon search between amazon.com and amazon.co.uk shows that the #1 index card size shown in the USA is 3 x 5 inches size, yet the same search query on amazon.co.uk brings up 4 x 6 inches size first also similar but not exactly the same as A6 size (4.1 x 5.8 inches). Interesting right? It shows that across the world different sizes become more standard for a variety of reasons and cultural history.

Is an Index Card 4x6?

Not Always. While the Oxford rulers' white index card measures four inches by six inches (4 x 6), that is not the only standard size. The typical standard index card size in the United States is three inches by five inches (3 x 5). They can come in a variety of sizes - if you visit your local stationery store in the office supplies / office products section you will see.

What Size are Large Index Cards?

Larger index cards are seen in the size range of 5"x 7", 5"X8" and 6" x 9".

These tend to be used for larger projects or display purposes.

What is the Largest Index Card?

In our research we found the largest 'index cards' to be 8.5" x 11" - but this is the US standard letter size. True 'largest' we would say is 6 x 9 inches like this:

Image pf 6" x 9" index card courtesy Amazon/Hamilco brand

What is the Thickness of an Index Card?

Index Card physical size is also determined by the thickness of the card. Thickness of an index cards ranges from 11pt to 25 pt (0.011" to 0.025"). The thickness of a card is often overlooked and can dramatically affect the perceived user experience and use case desired. Many people prefer the heavy weight card so it feels solid in the hand and more durable.

image of size thickness of index card

In our research we found the following average card thickness for the different sizes to be as follows:

Standard : 11pt thickness (0.011") Heavyweight Oxford brand. 0.011" is also referred to as 100lb stock. Heavyweight thickness index cards

Thin : You can get thinner ones, 7pt, 0.007" but user reviews indicate that these are too thin to be used as flashcards since the paper is too thin and your answer on the back of the card shows - be careful when selecting the right index card thickness and check the thickness. On the other hand, if you are using them as a pack in your back pocket to take quick notes then you might prefer a thinner card. Here is example of thin index cards

Thick : If you are looking for really thick cards look for thickness greater than about 100lb card stock (greater than 11pt). You can find some cards with 14pt (0.014") and higher. For example 17pt index cards

Some people even say that the heavyweight cards are not a good as they used to be in the old days, but this is what the tradeoff is in using paper cards today and trying to be economical and also saving the environment and trees. A better alternative is to use an app to create digital index cards using an app like NoteDex that creates life-like index cards on your computer and save paper!

Tips for Choosing the Right Index Card Size

To pick the right paper index card size for you determine what you need to do with the index card and also how you want the card to feel in your hand (or your back pocket!)

If you are using index cards for small notes or data or as flashcards, then 3x5 size is good - but don't forget to check the thickness - especially if you are writing answers on the back of the card.

If you want to write more information - such as study notes, use for project management, recipes, or use as visual aids, you might prefer a larger size like 4x6 or 5x8 so they can be seen easily such as on a wall or spread out on a table.

Do you need a particular brand shop version? No, we don't think so as long as it meets your size and thickness criteria. You can find good index cards in nearly any store today, and of course in all the office products stores such as Office Depot, Walmart, or online at Amazon.

What about printing index cards? If the size fits your printer then it will also be important to check if the paper is too thin (or too thick) to pass through the printer. Some printers also will on only print one side, others two sides, but they will move the paper on its rollers usually so the thickness will also be a consideration.

Paper index cards still remain today an amazing tool to help capture ideas and share information. As you can see there are many considerations to pick the right size of index card for you.

If you like using index cards you might also consider using an online index card tool like NoteDex where you can create, share and print an unlimited amount of cards - and no trees will be used!

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Hammermill White Cardstock, 110 Lb, 8.5 x 11 Colored Cardstock, 1 Pack (200 Sheets) - Thick Card Stock, Made in the USA, 168380R

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Hammermill White Cardstock, 110 Lb, 8.5 x 11 Colored Cardstock, 1 Pack (200 Sheets) - Thick Card Stock, Made in the USA, 168380R

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  • WHITE CARDSTOCK PAPER – Hammermill 8.5” x 11” Colored Cardstock 110lb Paper is a premium thick cardstock designed for print and copy use on copiers and printers. It’s heavy cardstock that’s ideal for heavy duty projects.
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Hammermill 8.5” x 11” premium white cardstock is a thick 110lb cardstock paper that’s designed for print and copy use on copiers and laser printers. It’s heavy cardstock that’s ideal for direct mail, promotional items, business cards, menus, invitations, arts & crafts, certificates and more. Use it for all of your professional and heavy-duty printing paper needs. Our 99.99. 000 sheets using Hammermill copying paper on your high-speed digital printer or we will replace your Hammermill paper purchase. We test more than 13.5 million sheets of paper every year to make sure that each sheet is consistent. Then we test our papers on all kinds of printer and copier equipment to ensure that it will work for you, every time, on every machine. Did you know that you are helping to conserve and restore forests when you buy Hammermill paper? “It’s More Than Just Paper” to us and millions of sustainable forestry workers across America, including American family tree farmers. Hammermill printer papers are made with renewable resources from certified sustainably managed forests. We want our business to last for generations and that means taking good care of our environment. Make sure it's original Hammermill quality: look for “Ships from and sold by” at the top of the page, under the product title.

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January’s AIA Architecture Billings Index remains low, marking “the lengthiest period of declining billings since 2010”

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In its latest report the AIA ’s Architecture Billings Index ( ABI ) score has increased ever so slightly to 46.2 from December’s low 45.4. Any score below 50 indicates a decline in billings from the previous month. While the numbers appear to be straddling in the report, AIA Chief Economist Kermit Baker remained positive about the situation, noting that “the broader economy showed improvement in January,” and that the index for new project inquiries, reported by surveyed architects, came in at 53.8.

“This now marks the lengthiest period of declining billings since 2010, although it is reassuring that the pace of this decline is less rapid and the broader economy showed improvement in January ,” Baker said. “Firms are seeing growth with inquiries into new projects and value of newly signed design contracts is holding steady, showing potential signs of interest from clients in new projects.”

Each month, in addition to the national score, the AIA reports the billings index of the four regions across the United States. This month, again, the Midwest reported the highest score, 50.9; this is a slight improvement to December’s 50.3. All other regions remained under 50, with the lowest score reported in the Northeast.

In addition to the region scores, the AIA also looks at the indexes for building sectors. As has been the case the last few months, the project sector reporting the highest index is institutional, at 48.5. Firms with an institutional focus had been reporting steady and strong billings for much of 2023, before they started dipping during the final quarter of the year. Firms with a focus on mixed practice, not one building sector in particular, reported the lowest index at 42.9.

In its January report the AIA also surveyed architects on their marketing and business development spending over the last year. The survey results yielded that firms have increased spending in these areas over the past year “as they have become more challenging.” According to the report, 34 percent of respondent firms found the current business development landscape of late to be “somewhat more challenging.”

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December AIA Architecture Billings Index remains stable

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Remove a code repository from this paper, mark the official implementation from paper authors, add a new evaluation result row, remove a task, add a method, remove a method, edit datasets, on the permutation algorithm for online facility assignment on a line.

20 Feb 2024  ·  Tsubasa Harada · Edit social preview

In the online facility assignment on a line (OFAL) with a set $S$ of $k$ servers and a capacity $c:S\to\mathbb{N}$, each server $s\in S$ with a capacity $c(s)$ is placed on a line and a request arrives on a line one-by-one. The task of an online algorithm is to irrevocably assign a current request to one of the servers with vacancies before the next request arrives. An algorithm can assign up to $c(s)$ requests to each server $s\in S$. In this paper, we show that the competitive ratio of the permutation algorithm is at least $k+1$ for OFAL where the servers are evenly placed on a line. This result resolves the contradiction between Ahmed et al.'s result that it is $k$-competitive and Itoh et al.'s result that the competitive ratio of any algorithm for OFAL is at least 3 when $k\geq 2$.

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EU should upgrade submarine cable infrastructure with state aid, paper says

Reporting by Foo Yun Chee, Editing by Nick Zieminski

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An agenda-setting and market-moving journalist, Foo Yun Chee is a 20-year veteran at Reuters. Her stories on high profile mergers have pushed up the European telecoms index, lifted companies' shares and helped investors decide on their move. Her knowledge and experience of European antitrust laws and developments helped her broke stories on Microsoft, Google, Amazon, numerous market-moving mergers and antitrust investigations. She has previously reported on Greek politics and companies, when Greece's entry into the eurozone meant it punched above its weight on the international stage, as well as Dutch corporate giants and the quirks of Dutch society and culture that never fail to charm readers.

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Google brings Gemini AI models to enterprise tools

Google said on Wednesday that some of its artificial intelligence tools that it offers to businesses will be powered by the company's "Gemini" AI models and available at a lower-priced plan as it looks to compete with Microsoft-backed OpenAI.

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Why Farmers Are Marching Toward Delhi Again

This time they want a stronger guarantee that they can make money selling their wheat and rice crops.

Men waving flags and wearing face masks take cover as tear gas clouds waft around them.

By Alex Travelli and Suhasini Raj

Once again, India’s capital is bracing itself for a siege. Not by a foreign army but by an army of Indian farmers, streaming toward New Delhi from nearby states to protest government policies.

The farmers’ march has turned the city’s main points of entry into choke points, as the federal and local police go into overdrive: barricading highways by pouring concrete and stacking shipping containers to halt the advancing tractors.

The authorities have blocked the social media accounts of some protest leaders and even used drones that were once billed as an agricultural innovation to drop tear-gas grenades on the demonstrators.

Didn’t this happen before?

The scenes hark back to North India’s biggest protests of 2020 and 2021, when hundreds of thousands of farmers, mostly from the states of Punjab and Haryana, forced the government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to abandon three bills meant to overhaul India’s agricultural economy.

If the farmers prevailed then — in a rare retreat for the powerful Mr. Modi — why are they massing again, threatening or even causing disruptions in and out of an urban area that is home to about 30 million people?

This time, the farmers’ central demand concerns something called the minimum support price, or M.S.P. They want it to be increased, adding a 50 percent premium to whatever it costs them to produce wheat and rice.

Sarwan Singh Pandher, a leader of a committee representing hundreds of smaller farmers’ unions, said that many of their demands had been left hanging after they ended their protests more than two years ago, “especially about the M.S.P. being made a legal guarantee.”

Economists tend to hate the M.S.P. and its effects on farming. It leads directly to food price inflation, for one thing.

And by divorcing farmers’ earnings from the traded value of staple cereals, the controlled prices — in combination with free electricity and subsidized fertilizer — have encouraged overproduction of rice, for instance, in areas that are naturally semiarid. That depletes water tables and brings the kind of stubble burning that helps pollute Delhi’s air every autumn.

Why do farmers want price supports?

The M.S.P. should act as a form of social insurance, by sparing the majority of India’s population, which still depends on farming incomes, from the volatility that comes with changing weather patterns and internationally set grain prices.

In practice, it is India’s better-off farmers who would stand to lose the most if the M.S.P. was eliminated; annual incomes in Punjab are higher than in the rest of the country’s grain belt.

Farmers who are inching closer to the middle class often feel the pinch of stagnating incomes most sharply. Many families in Punjab have invested in higher education as a way up. But acute unemployment makes those debts hard to pay down. In the poorer parts of the country, indebted farmers often resort to suicide.

Mr. Modi had promised to double the incomes that they had in 2015, and on that the government has fallen far short. It makes farmers’ demands more urgent, Mr. Pandher said: “Either the government should come around or grant us the right to protest peacefully in Delhi.”

How did it all end last time?

The earlier round of protests reached its peak in January 2021. After camping outside the capital, farmers who had endured pandemic hardships stormed through barricades to challenge Mr. Modi’s own Republic Day parade, a confrontation that had long-lasting political consequences.

The farmers seemed to win; the proposed laws were repealed later that year. But with Punjabi Sikhs highly visible in the movement’s leadership, the government began cracking down on Sikh separatists soon after. And apparently not just by lawful means: The government has been accused of orchestrating assassination attempts in Canada and the United States.

Apart from Sikh politics, the leadership of the farmer movement may be bargaining that now is the best time to make their demands, when election season is upon Mr. Modi and he would presumably not want to be seen fighting back poor farmers circled around Delhi.

Alex Travelli is a correspondent for The Times based in New Delhi, covering business and economic matters in India and the rest of South Asia. He previously worked as an editor and correspondent for The Economist. More about Alex Travelli

Suhasini Raj is a reporter based in New Delhi who has covered India for The Times since 2014. More about Suhasini Raj

LDSA: Learning Dynamic Subtask Assignment in Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

Part of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 35 (NeurIPS 2022) Main Conference Track

Mingyu Yang, Jian Zhao, Xunhan Hu, Wengang Zhou, Jiangcheng Zhu, Houqiang Li

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has made prominent progress in recent years. For training efficiency and scalability, most of the MARL algorithms make all agents share the same policy or value network. However, in many complex multi-agent tasks, different agents are expected to possess specific abilities to handle different subtasks. In those scenarios, sharing parameters indiscriminately may lead to similar behavior across all agents, which will limit the exploration efficiency and degrade the final performance. To balance the training complexity and the diversity of agent behavior, we propose a novel framework to learn dynamic subtask assignment (LDSA) in cooperative MARL. Specifically, we first introduce a subtask encoder to construct a vector representation for each subtask according to its identity. To reasonably assign agents to different subtasks, we propose an ability-based subtask selection strategy, which can dynamically group agents with similar abilities into the same subtask. In this way, agents dealing with the same subtask share their learning of specific abilities and different subtasks correspond to different specific abilities. We further introduce two regularizers to increase the representation difference between subtasks and stabilize the training by discouraging agents from frequently changing subtasks, respectively. Empirical results show that LDSA learns reasonable and effective subtask assignment for better collaboration and significantly improves the learning performance on the challenging StarCraft II micromanagement benchmark and Google Research Football.

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Hello, Can I get help with this assignment?   Historical Events...

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Historical Events Analysis Paper (Individual)

The purpose of this written assignment is to analyze a historical event from the perspective of its impact on an organization and its  systems  for continuity of business processes. This assignment focuses on business continuity planning and the ability to recover from unforeseen circumstances.

You are to research a major event that not only influenced but transformed how businesses prepared for the unexpected . Select an organization—business, industry, government or major nonprofit—to research and analyze preparation and response to a recent event (Less than 3 years).

IMPORTANT: Please select an organization (just one) that has been impacted by the major event that you are citing. It may be that this organization does not have a BC/DR process or plan - or it could be that this organization has been able to successfully navigate through the event because of being better prepared. 

This assignment is designed to increase your knowledge of how systems contribute to contingency planning and disaster recovery and enables you to analyze risk and organizational readiness. This assignment will help you enhance your research and writing skills as well as your critical-thinking abilities. Your analysis should address the requirements below.  

You must research a topic of historical significance and analyze its importance from a business contingency planning perspective. You are to discuss the organization and its business processes, summarize the historical event, analyze the event's  impacts on systems and the business processes   that were required to continue, and explore basic strategies employed to safeguard systems.

You are to provide a three- to five-page (not including cover page and reference page) paper (double-spaced) and submit it in your appropriate Assignments folder on or before its due date. A minimum of four resources, of which at least two must be academically credible sources, must be used. You may not use Wikipedia or undated and/or un-authored (author unknown) sources. 

Indicate appropriate APA reference citations for all sources. In addition to critical thinking and analysis skills, your written analysis should reflect appropriate grammar and spelling, good organization, and proper business-writing style.  

Assignment Considerations:

  • Provide a well-defined and analyzed topic of historical significance from a business contingency planning perspective.
  • Discuss its organization and its business processes and how these influenced whether the organization was prepared for the unexpected.
  • Provide an impact analysis on systems and business processes required for the business to continue operations.

Answer & Explanation

Title: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Remote Work Strategies: A Case Study of the World Health Organization

Introduction:

The COVID-19 pandemic, which emerged in late 2019, significantly disrupted global business operations, compelling organizations to reassess their business continuity plans. This paper will analyze the impact of the pandemic on the World Health Organization (WHO), a multinational governmental organization, focusing on its business processes, contingency planning, and the strategies employed to ensure continuity during these unprecedented times.

Organization Overview:

The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. It operates globally, with offices and personnel in various countries. Prior to the pandemic, WHO, like many other organizations, faced the challenge of preparing for unforeseen circumstances but did not necessarily anticipate the scale and impact of a global pandemic.

Historical Event - COVID-19 Pandemic:

The COVID-19 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges for organizations worldwide, including the WHO. The sudden and widespread nature of the virus forced governments to implement strict lockdowns, disrupting traditional work environments and posing significant threats to the operations of international entities like the WHO.

Analysis of Business Processes and Contingency Planning:

The WHO's business processes were centered around coordinating global health efforts, disseminating information, and responding to health emergencies. The sudden shift to remote work posed challenges to the organization's established norms. While the WHO had contingency plans in place for various health crises, the scale and global reach of the COVID-19 pandemic required rapid adjustments to these plans to ensure the continuity of critical business processes.

Impact on Systems and Business Processes:

The transition to remote work had a profound impact on the WHO's systems and business processes. With staff members scattered across different locations globally, the organization faced challenges in maintaining seamless communication, ensuring data security, and sustaining productivity. Issues such as increased reliance on virtual collaboration tools, potential cybersecurity threats, and the need for upgraded IT infrastructure emerged as key concerns.

Strategies Employed for Safeguarding Systems:

To address the challenges posed by the pandemic, the World Health Organization implemented several strategies to safeguard its systems and ensure business continuity. The organization accelerated the adoption of secure and collaborative online tools, invested in enhanced cybersecurity measures to protect sensitive health data, and optimized its IT infrastructure to accommodate the increased demand for remote work.

Conclusion:

The COVID-19 pandemic served as a catalyst for reevaluating and enhancing business continuity planning at the World Health Organization. The organization's ability to adapt to unforeseen circumstances, realign its business processes, and implement effective strategies for safeguarding systems reflects its resilience and commitment to maintaining global health operations during challenging times. This case study highlights the importance of proactive contingency planning and the continual reassessment of business processes to ensure adaptability in the face of unexpected events within international governmental organizations.

Researched and provided an idea for conemplation towards the paper inorder to formulate significant flow towards the design and how it should be written. 

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