"Hello World!" in C Easy C (Basic) Max Score: 5 Success Rate: 85.71%

Playing with characters easy c (basic) max score: 5 success rate: 84.19%, sum and difference of two numbers easy c (basic) max score: 5 success rate: 94.56%, functions in c easy c (basic) max score: 10 success rate: 95.94%, pointers in c easy c (basic) max score: 10 success rate: 96.55%, conditional statements in c easy c (basic) max score: 10 success rate: 96.95%, for loop in c easy c (basic) max score: 10 success rate: 93.63%, sum of digits of a five digit number easy c (basic) max score: 15 success rate: 98.66%, bitwise operators easy c (basic) max score: 15 success rate: 94.82%, printing pattern using loops medium c (basic) max score: 30 success rate: 95.90%.

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Problem Solving Through Programming in C

In this lesson, we are going to learn Problem Solving Through Programming in C. This is the first lesson while we start learning the C language.

So let’s start learning the C language.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Problem Solving Through Programming in C

Regardless of the area of the study, computer science is all about solving problems with computers. The problem that we want to solve can come from any real-world problem or perhaps even from the abstract world. We need to have a standard systematic approach to problem solving through programming in c.

computer programmers are problem solvers. In order to solve a problem on a computer, we must know how to represent the information describing the problem and determine the steps to transform the information from one representation into another.

In this chapter, we will learn problem-solving and steps in problem-solving, basic tools for designing solution as an algorithm, flowchart , pseudo code etc.

A computer is a very powerful and versatile machine capable of performing a multitude of different tasks, yet it has no intelligence or thinking power.

The Computer performs many tasks exactly in the same manner as it is told to do. This places responsibility on the user to instruct the computer in a correct and precise manner so that the machine is able to perform the required job in a proper way. A wrong or ambiguous instruction may sometimes prove dangerous.

The computer cannot solve the problem on its own, one has to provide step by step solutions of the problem to the computer. In fact, the task of problem-solving is not that of the computer.

It is the programmer who has to write down the solution to the problem in terms of simple operations which the computer can understand and execute.

Problem-solving is a sequential process of analyzing information related to a given situation and generating appropriate response options.

In order to solve a problem with the computer, one has to pass through certain stages or steps. They are as follows:

Steps to Solve a Problem With the Computer

problem solving through programming in c

Step 1: Understanding the Problem:

Here we try to understand the problem to be solved in totally. Before with the next stage or step, we should be absolutely sure about the objectives of the given problem.

Step 2: Analyzing the Problem:

After understanding thoroughly the problem to be solved, we look at different ways of solving the problem and evaluate each of these methods.

The idea here is to search for an appropriate solution to the problem under consideration. The end result of this stage is a broad overview of the sequence of operations that are to be carried out to solve the given problem.

Step 3: Developing the solution:

Here, the overview of the sequence of operations that was the result of the analysis stage is expanded to form a detailed step by step solution to the problem under consideration.

Step 4: Coding and Implementation:

The last stage of problem-solving is the conversion of the detailed sequence of operations into a language that the computer can understand. Here, each step is converted to its equivalent instruction or instructions in the computer language that has been chosen for the implantation.

The vehicle for the computer solution to a problem is a set of explicit and unambiguous instructions expressed in a programming language. This set of instruction is called a program with problem solving through programming in C .

A program may also be thought of as an algorithm expressed in a programming language. an algorithm, therefore, corresponds to a solution to a problem that is independent of any programming language .

To obtain the computer solution to a problem once we have the program we usually have to supply the program with input or data. The program then takes this input and manipulates it according to its instructions. Eventually produces an output which represents the computer solution to the problem.

The problem solving is a skill and there are no universal approaches one can take to solving problems. Basically one must explore possible avenues to a solution one by one until she/he comes across the right path to a solution.

In general, as one gains experience in solving problems, one develops one’s own techniques and strategies, though they are often intangible. Problem-solving skills are recognized as an integral component of computer programming.

Note: Practice C Programs for problem solving through programming in C.

Problem Solving Steps

Problem-solving is a creative process which defines systematization and mechanization. There are a number of steps that can be taken to raise the level of one’s performance in problem-solving.

A problem-solving technique follows certain steps in finding the solution to a problem. Let us look into the steps one by one:

1. Problem Definition Phase:

The success in solving any problem is possible only after the problem has been fully understood. That is, we cannot hope to solve a problem, which we do not understand. So, the problem understanding is the first step towards the solution of the problem.

In the problem definition phase, we must emphasize what must be done rather than how is it to be done. That is, we try to extract the precisely defined set of tasks from the problem statement.

Inexperienced problem solvers too often gallop ahead with the task of the problem – solving only to find that they are either solving the wrong problem or solving the wrong problem or solving just one particular problem.

2. Getting Started on a Problem:

There are many ways of solving a problem and there may be several solutions. So, it is difficult to recognize immediately which path could be more productive. Problem solving through programming in C.

Sometimes you do not have any idea where to begin solving a problem, even if the problem has been defined. Such block sometimes occurs because you are overly concerned with the details of the implementation even before you have completely understood or worked out a solution.

The best advice is not to get concerned with the details. Those can come later when the intricacies of the problem have been understood.

3. Use of Specific Examples:

To get started on a problem, we can make use of heuristics i.e the rule of thumb. This approach will allow us to start on the problem by picking a specific problem we wish to solve and try to work out the mechanism that will allow solving this particular problem.

It is usually much easier to work out the details of a solution to a specific problem because the relationship between the mechanism and the problem is more clearly defined.

This approach of focusing on a particular problem can give us the foothold we need for making a start on the solution to the general problem.

4. Similarities Among Problems:

One way to make a start is by considering a specific example. Another approach is to bring the experience to bear on the current problems. So, it is important to see if there are any similarities between the current problem and the past problems which we have solved.

The more experience one has the more tools and techniques one can bring to bear in tackling the given problem. But sometimes, it blocks us from discovering a desirable or better solution to the problem.

A skill that is important to try to develop in problem-solving is the ability to view a problem from a variety of angles.

One must be able to metaphorically turn a problem upside down, inside out, sideways, backwards, forwards and so on. Once one has developed this skill it should be possible to get started on any problem.

5. Working Backwards from the Solution:

In some cases, we can assume that we already have the solution to the problem and then try to work backwards to the starting point. Even a guess at the solution to the problem may be enough to give us a foothold to start on the problem.

We can systematize the investigations and avoid duplicate efforts by writing down the various steps taken and explorations made.

Another practice that helps to develop the problem-solving skills, once we have solved a problem, to consciously reflect back on the way we went about discovering the solution.

General Problem Solving Strategies:

problem solving through programming in c

There are a number of general and powerful computational strategies that are repeatedly used in various guises in computer science.

Often it is possible to phrase a problem in terms of one of these strategies and achieve considerable gains in computational efficiency.

1. Divide and Conquer:

The most widely known and used strategy, where the basic idea is to break down the original problem into two or more sub-problems, which is presumably easier or more efficient to solve.

The Splitting can be carried on further so that eventually we have many sub-problems, so small that further splitting is no necessary to solve them. We shall see many examples of this strategy and discuss the gain in efficiency due to its application.

2. Binary Doubling:

This is the reverse of the divide and conquers strategy i.e build-up the solution for a larger problem from solutions and smaller sub-problems.

3. Dynamic Programming:

Another general strategy for problem-solving which is useful when we can build-up the solution as a sequence of the intermediate steps. Problem Solving through programming in C.

The travelling salesman problem falls into this category. The idea here is that a good or optimal solution to a problem can be built-up from good or optimal solutions of the sub-problems.

4. General Search, Back Tracking and Branch-and-Bound:

All of these are variants of the basic dynamic programming strategy but are equally important.

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C programming examples, exercises and solutions for beginners

Fundamentals.

  • Hello world program in C
  • Basic input/output
  • Basic IO on all data types
  • Perform arithmetic operations
  • Find area and perimeter of rectangle
  • Find diameter and area of circle
  • Find area of triangle
  • Find angles of triangle
  • Temperature conversion
  • Length conversion
  • Days conversion
  • Find power of a number
  • Find square root
  • Calculate simple interest
  • Calculate compound interest
  • Find range of data types
  • View all →

Bitwise Operator

  • Check Least Significant Bit (LSB)
  • Check Most Significant Bit (MSB)
  • Get nth bit of a number
  • Set nth bit of a number
  • Clear nth bit of a number
  • Toggle nth bit of a number
  • Highest set bit of a number
  • Lowest set bit of a number
  • Count trailing zeros of binary number
  • Count leading zeros of binary number
  • Flip bits of a number
  • Rotate bits of a number
  • Decimal to binary
  • Swap two numbers
  • Check even or odd
  • View all Bitwise operator examples →

Ternary Operator

  • Maximum of two numbers
  • Maximum of three numbers
  • Check leap year
  • Check alphabet
  • View all ternary operator examples →
  • Find maximum of two numbers
  • Find maximum of three numbers
  • Check negative, positive or zero
  • Check divisibility
  • Check alphabet character
  • Check vowel or consonant
  • Check alphabet, digit or special character
  • Check uppercase or lowercase
  • Print day of week
  • Find number of days in month
  • Find roots of quadratic equation
  • Calculate profile/loss
  • View all if else examples →

Switch case

  • Find total days in month
  • Check positive, negative or zero
  • Simple calculator application
  • View all switch case examples →

Loop/Iteration

  • Print natural numbers from 1 to n
  • Print alphabets from a to z
  • Print even numbers from 1 to n
  • Print sum of all numbers from 1 to n
  • Print sum of all odd numbers from 1 to n
  • Print multiplication table of n
  • Find number of digits in a number
  • Find first and last digit
  • Find sum of first and last digit
  • Swap first and last digit
  • Find sum of digits of a number
  • Find reverse of a number
  • Find frequency of digits in a number
  • Find power of a number using loop
  • Find factorial of a number
  • Find HCF of two numbers
  • Find LCM of two numbers
  • View all loop examples →

Number system and conversion

  • Find one's complement
  • Find two's complement
  • Binary to octal conversion
  • Binary to decimal conversion
  • Binary to hexadecimal conversion
  • Octal to binary conversion
  • Octal to decimal conversion
  • Octal to hexadecimal conversion
  • Decimal to binary conversion
  • Decimal to octal conversion
  • Decimal to hexadecimal conversion
  • Hexadecimal to binary conversion
  • Hexadecimal to octal conversion
  • Hexadecimal to decimal conversion
  • View all conversion examples →

Star patterns

  • Pascal triangle generation
  • Square star pattern
  • Hollow square star pattern
  • Hollow square star pattern with diagonal
  • Rhombus star pattern
  • Hollow rhombus star pattern
  • Right triangle star pattern
  • Hollow right triangle star pattern
  • Inverted right triangle star pattern
  • Mirrored inverted right triangle star pattern
  • Pyramid star pattern
  • Inverted pyramid star pattern
  • Diamond star pattern
  • Plus starpattern
  • X star pattern
  • 8 star pattern
  • Heart star with name pattern
  • View all star pattern examples →

Number patterns

  • Square number pattern
  • Right triangle number pattern
  • Inverted right triangle
  • Triangle with zero filled
  • Half diamond pattern
  • Half diamond star bordered pattern
  • X number pattern
  • View all number pattern examples →
  • Find cube using functions
  • Diameter & area of circle using functions
  • Maximum and minimum using functions
  • Check even odd using functions
  • Check Prime number using functions
  • Find all prime numbers using functions
  • Find all strong numbers using functions
  • Find all armstrong numbers using functions
  • Find all perfect numbers using functions
  • View all function examples →
  • Find power using recursion
  • Print natural numbers using recursion
  • Print even numbers using recursion
  • Sum of natural numbers using recursion
  • Sum of even/odd numbers using recursion
  • Find reverse using recursion
  • Check palindrome using recursion
  • Find sum of digits using recursion
  • Find factorial using recursion
  • Generate nth Fibonacci term using recursion
  • Find HCF (GCD) using recursion
  • Find LCM using recursion
  • Sum of array elements using recursion
  • View all recursion examples →
  • Input and display array elements
  • Sum of all array elements
  • Find second largest element in array
  • Copy one array to another
  • Insert new element in array
  • Delete an element from array
  • Find frequency of array elements
  • Merge two array to third array
  • Delete duplicate elements from array
  • Reverse an array
  • Search an element in array
  • Sort an array
  • Left rotate an array
  • Right rotate an array
  • View all array examples →

Matrix (2D array)

  • Add two matrices
  • Scalar matrix multiplication
  • Multiply two matrices
  • Check if two matrices are equal
  • Sum of diagonal elements of matrix
  • Interchange diagonal of matrix
  • Find upper triangular matrix
  • Find sum of lower triangular matrix
  • Find transpose of triangular matrix
  • Find determinant of a matrix
  • Check identity matrix
  • Check sparse matrix
  • Check symmetric matrix
  • View all matrix examples →
  • Find length of string
  • Copy string to another string
  • Concatenate two strings
  • Compare two strings
  • Convert lowercase to uppercase
  • Find reverse of a string
  • Check palindrome
  • Reverse order of words
  • Search a character in string
  • Search a word in string
  • Find highest occurring character
  • Remove all duplicate characters
  • Replace a character in string
  • Trim whitespace from string
  • View all string examples →
  • Create, initialize and use pointer
  • Add two numbers using pointers
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  • Access array using pointers
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  • Reverse array using pointers
  • Access 2D array using pointers
  • Multiply matrices using pointers
  • Copy strings using pointers
  • Concatenate strings using pointers
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  • Reverse strings using pointers
  • Sort array strings using pointers
  • Return multiple values from function using pointers
  • View all pointers examples →
  • Create file and write contents
  • Read file contents and display
  • Append contents to file
  • Compare two files
  • Copy one file to another
  • Merge two files
  • Remove a word from file
  • Remove a line from file
  • Replace a word in file
  • Replace a line in file
  • Print source code
  • Convert uppercase to lowercase in file
  • Find properties of file
  • Check if file or directory exists
  • Rename a file or directory
  • List of files recursively
  • View all files handling examples →

C Programs with Solutions

This section contains popular C programs with solution. Learn and practice these programs to test and enhance your C skills. Last updated : April 01, 2023

The best way to learn C programming is by practicing and solving the C programs (C problems). We have 1000+ C programs with solutions which are categorized below. Practice these C programs to learn and enhance your C problem-solving skills.

List of C programs

Practice the C programs based on the categories, library functions, advanced, top searched, and latest.

C programs by categories

  • C Basic and Conditional Programs 90
  • C switch case programs 06
  • C 'goto' programs 10
  • Bitwise related Programs 32
  • Looping (for, while, do while) Programs 18
  • C String Manipulation programs 10
  • C String programs 50
  • String User Define Functions Programs 11
  • Recursion Programs 13
  • Number (Digits Manipulation) Programs 10
  • Number System Conversion Programs 15
  • Star/Pyramid Programs 17
  • Sum of Series Programs (set 1) 05
  • Sum of Series Programs (set 2) 13
  • Pattern printing programs 01
  • User Define Function Programs (1) 05
  • User Define Function Programs (2) 13
  • One Dimensional Array Programs 58
  • Two Dimensional Array (Matrix) Programs 21
  • File Handling Programs 32
  • Structure & Union Programs 12
  • Pointer Programs 13
  • Dynamic Memory Allocation Programs 05
  • Command Line Arguments Programs 06
  • Common C program Errors 22
  • C scanf() programs 11
  • C preprocessor programs 24
  • C typedef programs 03
  • C SQLite programs 11
  • C MySQL programs 09
  • Misc Problems & Solutions 05

C programs on standard library functions

  • ctype.h Library Functions (Set 1)
  • ctype.h Library Functions (Set 2)
  • string.h Library Functions
  • conio.h Library Functions
  • dos.h Library Functions
  • math.h Library Functions
  • graphics.h Library Functions
  • assert.h Library Functions
  • stdio.h Library Functions

Advance C programs

  • C program to create your own header file/ Create your your own header file in C
  • gotoxy(),clrscr(),getch(),getche() for GCC, Linux.
  • fork() function explanation and examples in Linux C
  • C program to print character without using format specifiers.
  • C program to find Binary Addition and Binary Subtraction.
  • C program to print weekday of given date.
  • C program to format/extract ip address octets
  • C program to check given string is a valid IPv4 address or not.
  • C program to extract bytes from an integer (Hexadecimal) value
  • C program to store date in an integer variable

Top searched C programs

Here is the list of most important/useful programs searched on the web .

Top visited programs on IncludeHelp

  • Pattern Programs in C
  • C program to design calculator with basic operations using switch
  • C program to find factorial of a number
  • C program to check whether number is Perfect Square or not
  • C program to find SUM and AVERAGE of two numbers
  • C program to convert temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius and Celsius to Fahrenheit
  • C program to read and print an employee's detail using structure
  • Dynamic Memory Allocation programs
  • C program to convert number from Decimal to Binary
  • C program to check whether number is Palindrome or not

Top searched programs on the web

  • First C program to print "Hello World".
  • C program to find factorial of a number.
  • C program to swap two numbers without using third variable.
  • C program to check whether a number if Armstrong or not.
  • C program to check whether a number if Even or Odd.
  • C program to print all leap years from 1 to N.
  • C program to calculate employee gross salary.
  • C Program to print tables of numbers from 1 to 20.
  • C program to print star/pyramid series.
  • C program to convert temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit and vice versa.
  • C program to convert number from Decimal to Binary.
  • C program to convert number from Binary to Decimal.
  • C program to print ASCII Table.
  • C program to get and set current system date and time.
  • C program to run dos command.

Latest C programs

  • C program to generate random numbers within a range
  • C program to compare strings using strcmp() function
  • Interchange the two adjacent nodes in a given circular linked list | C program
  • Find the largest element in a doubly linked list | C program
  • Convert a given singly linked list to a circular list | C program
  • Implement Circular Doubly Linked List | C program
  • Print the Alternate Nodes in a Linked List without using Recursion
  • Print the Alternate Nodes in a Linked List using Recursion
  • Find the length of a linked list without using recursion
  • Find the length of a linked list using recursion
  • Count the number of occurrences of an element in a linked list without using recursion
  • Count the number of occurrences of an element in a linked list using recursion
  • C program to convert a Binary Tree into a Singly Linked List by Traversing Level by Level
  • C program to Check if nth Bit in a 32-bit Integer is set or not
  • C program to swap two Integers using Bitwise Operators
  • C program to replace bit in an integer at a specified position from another integer
  • C program to find odd or even number using bitmasking
  • C program to check whether a given number is palindrome or not using Bitwise Operator
  • C program to count number of bits set to 1 in an Integer
  • C program to check if all the bits of a given integer is one (1)
  • C program to find the Highest Bit Set for any given Integer
  • C program to Count the Number of Trailing Zeroes in an Integer
  • C Program to find the Biggest Number in an Array of Numbers using Recursion
  • C program to accept Sorted Array and do Search using Binary Search
  • C Program to Cyclically Permute the Elements of an Array
  • C program to find two smallest elements in a one dimensional array
  • Write your own memset() function in C
  • memset() function in C with Example
  • Write your own memcpy() function in C
  • memcpy() function in C with Example

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C Data Types

  • C Operators
  • C Input and Output
  • C Control Flow
  • C Functions
  • C Preprocessors

C File Handling

  • C Cheatsheet

C Interview Questions

Related Articles

C Programming Language Tutorial

  • C Language Introduction
  • Features of C Programming Language
  • C Programming Language Standard
  • C Hello World Program
  • Compiling a C Program: Behind the Scenes
  • Tokens in C
  • Keywords in C

C Variables and Constants

  • C Variables
  • Constants in C
  • Const Qualifier in C
  • Different ways to declare variable as constant in C
  • Scope rules in C
  • Internal Linkage and External Linkage in C
  • Global Variables in C
  • Data Types in C
  • Literals in C
  • Escape Sequence in C
  • Integer Promotions in C
  • Character Arithmetic in C
  • Type Conversion in C

C Input/Output

  • Basic Input and Output in C
  • Format Specifiers in C
  • printf in C
  • Scansets in C
  • Formatted and Unformatted Input/Output functions in C with Examples
  • Operators in C
  • Arithmetic Operators in C
  • Unary operators in C
  • Relational Operators in C
  • Bitwise Operators in C
  • C Logical Operators
  • Assignment Operators in C
  • Increment and Decrement Operators in C
  • Conditional or Ternary Operator (?:) in C
  • sizeof operator in C
  • Operator Precedence and Associativity in C

C Control Statements Decision-Making

  • Decision Making in C (if , if..else, Nested if, if-else-if )
  • C - if Statement
  • C if...else Statement
  • C if else if ladder
  • Switch Statement in C
  • Using Range in switch Case in C
  • while loop in C
  • do...while Loop in C
  • For Versus While
  • Continue Statement in C
  • Break Statement in C
  • goto Statement in C
  • User-Defined Function in C
  • Parameter Passing Techniques in C
  • Function Prototype in C
  • How can I return multiple values from a function?
  • main Function in C
  • Implicit return type int in C
  • Callbacks in C
  • Nested functions in C
  • Variadic functions in C
  • _Noreturn function specifier in C
  • Predefined Identifier __func__ in C
  • C Library math.h Functions

C Arrays & Strings

  • Properties of Array in C
  • Multidimensional Arrays in C
  • Initialization of Multidimensional Array in C
  • Pass Array to Functions in C
  • How to pass a 2D array as a parameter in C?
  • What are the data types for which it is not possible to create an array?
  • How to pass an array by value in C ?
  • Strings in C
  • Array of Strings in C
  • What is the difference between single quoted and double quoted declaration of char array?
  • C String Functions
  • Pointer Arithmetics in C with Examples
  • C - Pointer to Pointer (Double Pointer)
  • Function Pointer in C
  • How to declare a pointer to a function?
  • Pointer to an Array | Array Pointer
  • Difference between constant pointer, pointers to constant, and constant pointers to constants
  • Pointer vs Array in C
  • Dangling, Void , Null and Wild Pointers in C
  • Near, Far and Huge Pointers in C
  • restrict keyword in C

C User-Defined Data Types

  • C Structures
  • dot (.) Operator in C
  • Structure Member Alignment, Padding and Data Packing
  • Flexible Array Members in a structure in C
  • Bit Fields in C
  • Difference Between Structure and Union in C
  • Anonymous Union and Structure in C
  • Enumeration (or enum) in C

C Storage Classes

  • Storage Classes in C
  • extern Keyword in C
  • Static Variables in C
  • Initialization of static variables in C
  • Static functions in C
  • Understanding "volatile" qualifier in C | Set 2 (Examples)
  • Understanding "register" keyword in C

C Memory Management

  • Memory Layout of C Programs
  • Dynamic Memory Allocation in C using malloc(), calloc(), free() and realloc()
  • Difference Between malloc() and calloc() with Examples
  • What is Memory Leak? How can we avoid?
  • Dynamic Array in C
  • How to dynamically allocate a 2D array in C?
  • Dynamically Growing Array in C

C Preprocessor

  • C Preprocessor Directives
  • How a Preprocessor works in C?
  • Header Files in C
  • What’s difference between header files "stdio.h" and "stdlib.h" ?
  • How to write your own header file in C?
  • Macros and its types in C
  • Interesting Facts about Macros and Preprocessors in C
  • # and ## Operators in C
  • How to print a variable name in C?
  • Multiline macros in C
  • Variable length arguments for Macros
  • Branch prediction macros in GCC
  • typedef versus #define in C
  • Difference between #define and const in C?
  • Basics of File Handling in C
  • C fopen() function with Examples
  • EOF, getc() and feof() in C
  • fgets() and gets() in C language
  • fseek() vs rewind() in C
  • What is return type of getchar(), fgetc() and getc() ?
  • Read/Write Structure From/to a File in C
  • C Program to print contents of file
  • C program to delete a file
  • C Program to merge contents of two files into a third file
  • What is the difference between printf, sprintf and fprintf?
  • Difference between getc(), getchar(), getch() and getche()

Miscellaneous

  • time.h header file in C with Examples
  • Input-output system calls in C | Create, Open, Close, Read, Write
  • Signals in C language
  • Program error signals
  • Socket Programming in C
  • _Generics Keyword in C
  • Multithreading in C
  • C Programming Interview Questions (2024)
  • Commonly Asked C Programming Interview Questions | Set 1
  • Commonly Asked C Programming Interview Questions | Set 2
  • Commonly Asked C Programming Interview Questions | Set 3

In this C Tutorial , you’ll learn all C programming basic to advanced concepts like variables, arrays, pointers, strings, loops, etc. This C Programming Tutorial is designed for both beginners as well as experienced professionals, who’re looking to learn and enhance their knowledge of the C programming language.

C Programming Language

C is a general-purpose, procedural, high-level programming language used in the development of computer software and applications, system programming, games, web development, and more.

  • C language was developed by Dennis M. Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1972 .
  • It is a powerful and flexible language which was first developed for the programming of the UNIX operating System .
  • C is one of the most widely used programming languages.

C programming language is known for its simplicity and efficiency. It is the best choice to start with programming as it gives you a foundational understanding of programming.

C Arrays & Strings

C error handling.

  • Setting Up C Development Environment
  • C Identifiers
  • Different Ways to Declare Variable as Constant in C
  • Scope Rules in C
  • Data Type Modifiers in C

C Input/Output Basic Input and Output in C Format Specifiers in C printf in C scanf in C Scansets in C Formatted and Unformatted Input and Output Functions C Operators

  • Unary Operators in C
  • Logical Operators in C
  • size of Operator in C
  • Decision-Making in C
  • C if Statement
  • C if…else Statement
  • C if-else-if Ladder
  • Using Range in switch case in C
  • while looping in C
  • do…while Loop in C
  • for versus while Loop
  • continue Statement in C
  • break Statement in C
  • Importance of Function Prototype in C
  • Return Multiple Values From a Function
  • Implicit Return Type int in C
  • Nested Functions in C
  • _Noreturn Function Specifier in C
  • Maths Functions in C
  • Initialization of Multidimensional Arrays in C
  • Pass a 2D Array as a Parameter in C
  • Data Types for Which Array is Not Possible
  • Pass an Array by Value in C
  • An Array of Strings in C
  • Difference Between Single Quoted and Double Quoted Initialization
  • String Functions in C
  • Pointer Arithmetics in C
  • Pointer to Pointer (Double Pointer) in C
  • Declare Function Pointer in C
  • Pointer to an Array in C
  • Constant Pointer in C
  • Dangling, Void, Null and Wild Pointers
  • restrict Keyword in C
  • Flexible Array Members in a Structure in C
  • Initialization of Static Variables in C
  • Static Functions in C
  • Understanding “volatile” Qualifier in C
  • Understanding the “register” Keyword in C
  • Dynamic Memory Allocation in C
  • Difference Between malloc() and calloc()
  • What is a Memory Leak?
  • Dynamically Allocate a 2D Array in C
  • How a Preprocessor Works in C?
  • Difference Between Header Files “stdio.h” and “stdlib.h”
  • Write Your Own Header File in C
  • Macros and their Types in C
  • Interesting Facts About Macros and Preprocessors in C
  • Print a Variable Name in C
  • Multiline Macros in C
  • Variable Length Arguments for Macros
  • Branch Prediction Macros in GCC
  • Difference Between #define and const in C
  • C fopen() Function
  • fgets() and gets() in C
  • Return Type of getchar(), fgetc() and getc()
  • C Program to Print Contents of File
  • C Program to Delete a File
  • C Program to Merge Contents of Two Files into a Third File
  • Difference Between printf, sprintf and fprintf
  • Difference Between getc(), getchar(), getch() and getche()
  • Error Handling in C
  • Using goto for Exception Handling in C
  • Error Handling During File Operations in C
  • C Program to Handle Divide By Zero and Multiple Exceptions
  • Basic C Programs
  • Control Flow Programs
  • Pattern Printing Programs
  • Functions Programs
  • Arrays Programs
  • Strings Programs
  • Conversions Programs
  • Pointers Programs
  • Structures and Unions Programs
  • File I/O Programs
  • Date and Time Programs
  • More C Programs
  • Date and Time in C
  • Input-output system calls in C
  • Signals in C
  • Program Error Signals in C
Top 50 C Programming Interview Questions and Answers Commonly Asked C Programming Interview Questions | Set 1 Commonly Asked C Programming Interview Questions | Set 2 Commonly Asked C Programming Interview Questions | Set 3

Why Learn C?

C programming language is one of the most popular programming language. It is a must learn for software engineering students. C is called the mother of all modern programming languages so learning C will help you to learn other languages easily like Java, C++, C#, Python, etc. C language is faster than other programming languages like Java and Python. It can handle low-level programming and we can compile the C code in a variety of computer platforms.

List of some key advantages of C language :

  • Easy to learn.
  • Versatile Language, which can be used in both applications and technologies.
  • Mid-Level Programming Language.
  • Structured Programming Language.

C compiler is a software that translates human-readable C language code into machine code or an intermediate code that can be executed by a computer’s central processing unit (CPU).

There are many C compilers available in the market, such as GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) , Microsoft Visual C++ Compiler , Clang , Intel C++ Compiler , and TinyCC (TCC) .

For this tutorial, we will be using the GNU-based online C compiler provided by GeeksforGeeks which is developed for beginners and is very easy to use compared to other compiler/IDE’s available on the web.

Print Hello World using C Programming

“Give this C code a try, and here’s a fun challenge: print ‘Hello World’ along with your name!”

Features of C Language

There are some key features of C language that show the ability and power of C language:

  • Simplicity and Efficiency: The simple syntax and structured approach make the C language easy to learn.
  • Fast Speed: C is one of the fastest programming language because C is a static programming language, which is faster than dynamic languages like Java and Python. C is also a compiler-based which is the reason for faster code compilation and execution.
  • Portable: C provides the feature that you write code once and run it anywhere on any computer. It shows the machine-independent nature of the C language.
  • Memory Management: C provides lower level memory management using pointers and functions like realloc(), free(), etc.
  • Pointers: C comes with pointers. Through pointers, we can directly access or interact with the memory. We can initialize a pointer as an array, variables, etc.
  • Structured Language: C provides the features of structural programming that allows you to code into different parts using functions which can be stored as libraries for reusability.

Applications of C Language

C was used in programs that were used in making operating systems. C was known as a system development language because the code written in C runs as fast as the code written in assembly language.

The use of C is given below:

  • Operating Systems
  • Language Compilers
  • Text Editors
  • Print Spoolers
  • Network Drivers
  • Modern Programs
  • Language Interpreters

FAQs on C Language

Q1. how to learn c easily.

Answer: 

The first steps towards learning C or any language are to write a hello world program. It gives the understanding of how to write and execute a code. After this, learn the following: Variables Operators Conditionals Loops and Errors Arrays and Strings  Pointers and Memory Functions Structures Recursions 

Q2. Difference between C and C++?

 q3. is c easy to learn for beginners.

While C is one of the easy languages, it is still a good first language choice to start with because almost all programming languages are implemented in it. It means that once you learn C language, it’ll be easy to learn more languages like C++, Java, and C#.

Q4. Why should we learn C first rather than C++?

C is a ‘ mother of all languages .’ It provides a solid understanding of fundamental programming concepts and is considered easier to grasp. C offers versatile applications, from software development to game programming, making it an excellent choice for building a strong programming foundation.

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C Solved programs, problems with solutions – C programming

C solved programs, problems with solutions.

C Solved programs —->  C is a powerful general-purpose programming language. It is fast, portable and available in all platforms. If you are new to programming, C is a good choice to start your programming journey.

This page contains the C solved programs/examples with solutions, here we are providing most important programs on each topic . These C examples cover a wide range of programming areas in Computer Science.

Every example program includes the description of the program, C code as well as output of the program. All examples are compiled and tested on a Windows system.

These examples can be as simple and basic as “Hello World” program to extremely tough and advanced C programs. Here is the List of C solved programs/examples with solutions (category wise) and detailed explanation.

C Solved Programs by categories…….

If you found any error or any queries related to the above programs or any questions or reviews , you wanna to ask from us ,you may Contact Us through our contact Page or you can also comment below in the comment section.We will try our best to reach up to you in short interval.

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(using file handling) Enter Country Name (Inida): india 5 states() Enter Name of State : Rajasthan Enter Name of capital : jaipur show the menu of jaipur city: 1. check college in city : 2. check school Name: Enter choice : 1 show list of all college in jaipur city(10): college Name address contact no Enter choice : 2 show list of all school in jaipur city(10): school Name address contact no

Suresh Ahlay

Write a program that reads a list of integers until a stopping condition is met and then print each test score together with Pass, if the score is greater than or equal to 60, and Fail otherwise.

mahesh minho

worst website

Mahedi Hasan

Write a C program to find the sum of contiguous sub array within an array which has the smallest sum. Also print where in the array the smallest sum occurred. For example, given the array [4, -1, 2, -3, 1, -2, 7, -5, 4], the contiguous sub-array [1, -3, -2] has the smallest sum of -4 and it occurred in [0:6]. To understand contiguous sub array, given the array [1, 2, 3] the contiguous sub arrays are [1], [2], [3], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2, 3], but [1, 3] is not a contiguous sub array. Sample Input Sample Output

Malu

Consider an Auto spares store which has different categories of items like. Under each category, the shop holds a maximum capacity of 1000 items. The arrangement of items in the racks vary from time to time. Based on the item type and availability, the supplier also varies. Each supplier can supply different items. The system in the shopping mall has the complete description of list of all items which includes item number, name, category, supplier name, price, total quantity and qty available. Based on the items purchased by the customer, billing is done. From the above description, initially the owner …  Read more »

pradip sapkale

#include <stdio.h>

int   main () {   int    i ;   float   avg = 0 ,  sum = 0  , a [ 10 ];  

  printf ( “Enter 10 numbers” );   for  ( i = 0 ;  i <= 9 ;  i ++)   scanf ( “ %d “ , & a [ i ]);

  for  ( i = 0 ;  i <= 9 ;  i ++); {   sum = sum + a [ i ];   avg =  sum / 10.0 ; }   printf ( “average is  %f “ ,  avg );

return   0 ; }

the output averge is 0.00000 please help i’m beginer in c programming using visual studio code

Sanskruti Jagdhane

Try with this code ..

#include<stdio.h>

int main() {  int a[20],i ,n ;  float avg=0 , sum=0 ;

 printf(“Enter no of elements in array :\n “);  scanf(“%d”, &n);  printf(“\n Enter the array of element : \n”);

 for (i=1; i<=n; i++)  {    scanf(“%d”,&a[i]);  }   for (i=1; i<=n; i++)   {     sum=sum+a[i];     avg= sum/n;   }

 printf(“\n sum of elements :%f”,sum);  printf(“\n average is %f”, avg);

return 0; }

Akash

#include <stdio.h> int main(){ /*Short and Sweet Code, Working code Please check inverted commas while running this code.*/

  int value[10];   float Sum, Average;   for(int i=0; i<=9; i++){   printf(“Enter %d number: \n”, i+1);   scanf(“%d”, &value[i]);   }

  for(int i=0; i<=9; i++){

    Sum += value[i];      } Average = Sum/10;

printf(“Average of these 10 numbers is %f”, Average);     return 0; }

#include<stdio.h> int main() { /*You have made 2 mistakes in this program.*/  int  i;  float avg=0, sum=0 ,a[10];    printf(“Enter 10 numbers”);  for (i=0; i<=9; i++)  scanf(“ %d “, &a[i]); /*ERROR 1: %d should be replaced with %f in your program because you declared a[10] as a float so you cannot use %d.*/

 for (i=0; i<=9; i++) ; /*ERROR 2: In this Loop Remove this semicolon after the brackets.*/ {  sum=sum+a[i];  avg= sum/10.0; }  printf(“average is %f“, avg);

/*After Doing this correction your program will run without giving error OR zero.*/

return 0; }

Md Forhad Ali

Plz Solve this Programe

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Interest is compounded annually at 10% by a certain bank. Make a program that would input an amount and a number of years (the program should test that both are positive) and output how much the original amount will be worth after that period.  

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It’s really a wonderful website💥

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The Business organization has a problem that they encounter. They received complains about the orders they have that are inaccurate mostly in selection of orders, prices, and quantity of the products. They want to have system update as soon as possible to fix this problem and asking for a refund. Every order must be confirmed to avoid any conflicts of transaction. Also the discounts are not applied when the order are wholesales which is needed to be fix when being total. Certain products are discounted either from a voucher or a wholesale that is minimum of five products. The deduction of …  Read more »

Srija

To check whether the candidate is eligible for vote or not

Krishna mistry

(A) Create a C structure, volume with fields: liter and mililiter. Read the value of two volumes and add them, if the value of mililiter is more than 1000 then add it to liter value.

John

Write a c program for There are 20 workers working in a field. the owner of Field gives them 20 rupees. In that 20 rupees each man get 4 rupees each woman get 50 paise and each child get 25 paise. Then how many are men, women, children in that 20 workers?

Revathi

A vending machine questions

LARANYA SUBUDHI

1. Write a C program to print all odd numbers between 2 values ‘n’ and ‘m’. Read the values ‘n’ and ‘m’ from the user and print all the odd numbers in this range (inclusive range, i.e if ‘n’ or ‘m’ is odd, print those as well).

Basavaraj Metri

write a programming using for loop to print all the numbers from them as even m to n there by case classifying them as even or odd

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World Tech Journal

C practice problems | some real life problem solving using C language

You are currently viewing C practice problems | some real life problem solving using C language

C practice course will push you to solve problems. Here I will give you the idea about some most relevant problem solving.

I will help you to solve some problems which gives you the encourage to solve problems at any problem solving platforms.

The most common problem among programmers who want to become a competitive programmer is that how to solve real life problems.

Here, I will discuss about some problems and gives you the source code by which you can understand the basics of real life problem solving.

Competitive programming is not a static field. Everyday programmers have to face new problem here.

I will just give you some idea about how to solve problems in best way.

Then you have to solve many problems as much as you can in any problem solving platforms.

Table of Contents

Finding square roots problem and solution in C

Read the description of finding square roots problem

Problem description

finding-square-roots-problem-solution-in-c

This finding square roots problem is taken from CodeChef for practice and learning purpose only.

Now, we will discuss how to solve this problem using C language. Obviously you can use other programming language but the logic can be same.

You can also implement your own logic. Let’s see the solution of this problem bellow.

Solution of finding square roots problem

Here at the solution code we have taken an integer variable T for storing the number of test case from user.

Then each line will take another integer as input and determine its square root by sqrt() function which is defined under math.h header file.

Then the floor() function which is also defined inside math.h header file will make it the largest integer which is less then or equal to then number inside it.

Let’s consider,

floor(sqrt(2)) ;

=  floor(1.41421356237);

Now, compile and run this code then check the output for given input set. You will see the output like this.

Output of finding square roots problem

Here, first line contains 3 which is the total test case. Then we want to determine the square root of 10 which is in the second line.

After pressing enter we will get the output 3 which is in the fourth line. Then another two input and their output is shown above.

This is not the only solution to this problem. You can use any other loop although we have used for loop here.

So, try this using other loop which will increase your problem solving power.

Sum or difference problem and solution using C

Read the description of sum or difference program

solution-of-sum-or-difference-program-in-c-sum-or-difference

Here in this sum or difference program we have to take two integers as input from user.

The we have to check if the first number is greater than we have to print their difference. Otherwise we have to print their sum.

One thing should take into account that if the two number is equal then it automatically print the sum as the first number is not greater than the second one.

We have taken this problem from CodeChef for practice and learning purpose only of them who want to become a problem solver in future.

Here we will discuss the solution this problem using C language. You can use other language too to write the solution to this problem.

You should try to invent other ways to make the solution of this problem. So, let’s see the solution first.

Solution of sum or difference problem

At first we will take two integer from user and store them in two variable a and b.

Then we will use if else condition to check if the first number is greater than second number or not.

If the first number is greater than second, then we will subtract second number from first number and print the result.

Otherwise we will print the sum of the two numbers.

If a user give two number ,

result   =  a  –  b  =  (10  –  8)  =  2;

Because a > b here.

Again if he gives two number ,

then result   =  a  +  b  =  (20  +  25)  =  45;

Because a <= b here.

Now, let’s go to the code bellow to implement this situation.

Output of sum or difference program

You will see the following output when you compile and run the above program.

Here, the user gives 82 as the first number and 28 as the second number. As 82 > 28 , so the program will print their difference which is in third line 54.

But run this program and give input 28 as first number and 82 as second number. The output will be as like as bellow.

However if you give two same number as input, then the program also add them and print the sum of them.

Chef and operators problem solving in C

Read the problem description of chef and operators problem here;

chef-and-operators-problem-solution-in-c-problem-solving

This chef and operators program will take an integer which will be the testcase and then we have to give two integer for each test case.

This program will check the given two integer that which is the biggest among them. Then we will print the output according to that.

We have taken it from CodeChef for practice and learning purpose only.

We will discuss the problem and see a solution of this problem which will help the beginner programmer to go ahead in their journey.

Don’t just depend upon our solution, rather you should try to solve it in your own. So, try this.

Don’t worry, if you are confusing about the problem then we have given a simple solution to chef and operator problem which is given bellow.

Solution of chef and operators problem

At first we have to take the testcase from the user. The we will use a for loop to take the input for each test case. You can use any loop to do this.

For each test case we will take two integers from user and check the condition using if else statement.

If first number is greater then second, we will print ‘ > ‘ sign. If the second number is greater than first number, we will print ‘ < ‘ sign. Otherwise we will print ‘ = ‘ sign.

Consider a user give two integer 15 and 20 .

Then we check that 15  <  20 and print ‘ < ‘.

Again if he give two number 25 and 15 .

Then we know that 25  >  15 and print ‘ > ‘.

If the given two number is same, then we will print ‘ = ‘.

Now, let’s go to the C solution of chef and operators problem.

Output of chef and operator problem

After compiling and running the above program you will see the following output.

First line contains 3 which it the number of test case for this problem. Then the user gives two integer 10 and 20 where 10 < 20 and for this we have printed ‘ < ‘ here.

Second input is 20 and 10 where the program have printed ‘ > ‘ sign on the screen. And it has printed ‘ = ‘ sign for the third test case.

Now, you should try this problem using different loop like while loop and do while loop. If you use other programming language then the logic will be same.

Solving reverse the number problem in C

Read the problem description of reverse the number problem here;

reverse-the-number-solution-by-c-reverse-the-number-program

The main program is to reverse the number. If a user gives the input 12345 then we will make it reverse like 54321 and print it.

We have to avoid zero at the beginning of our output.

We have to take the testcase as input from user and for each test case the program will take an input integer and print the reverse of that number.

This problem is taken from CodeChef for practice and learning purpose only.

We will try to describe the solution and the cause behind it when we solve this problem in this guide.

You can solve this problem in many way using different logic. You should think about your logic.

We will give a simple solution to this problem bellow. Let’s try to solve reverse the number problem by C.

Solution of reverse the number problem

We have taken an integer Test for storing the given number of test case for this reverse the number program.

For each test case we will take the number which we have to reverse. The we will use a loop until the number is equal to zero.

We have used while loop here. Inside the while loop we will determine reminder by dividing the given number by 10.

This reminder will be the last digit of the number as like as bellow.

When we divide 25 by 10 , the reminder will be 5 which is the last digit of this number 25. That means we have got the first digit of our output.

As we have take the variable revNum = 0.

So, (revNum * 10) + rem = 5

The we will update the number by divide it with 10 which will always give an integer.

After completing the function of while loop we will get the reverse number. Then we will print that number. Now, let’s see the code.

Output of reverse the number problem

After compiling and running this reverse the number program you will see the output like this.

Here, the first line is the test case given by user. Then the second line is the first input which we have to reverse using out program.

The third line is the output for the first input.

Then the fifth line is the output for the input of fourth line and so on.

You many have noticed that for the last test case we have printed 32 instead of 0032. You will get error if this solution prints 0032.

Second largest number problem and solution by C

Read the description of second largest number problem carefully.

second-largest-number-problem-solving-by-c-problem-solving-of-second-largest-number

In this above problem we have to determine the second largest number inside the given three numbers of user.

We will take three integers as input and check by our program that which number is the second largest among them. Then we will print that number.

We have taken this problem from CodeChef for practice and learning purpose only.

You should bear in mind that the solution we have given here is not the only solution to this problem. Rather it will be better if you find the solution by your own.

We have to compare each number with rest two and then we will take the decision that which number is the second largest. Let’s see a solution of this problem.

Solution of second largest number problem

Here in the given solution we have taken a variable T to store the test case and then we have used a for loop for rotating the program T times.

For each test case we will take three number and then compare them.

If the first number is greater than second and less than third or greater than third and less than first number, then we will print that the first number is the second largest.

We will check this for second number also. If first and second number is not the second largest then the third number will automatically be the second largest number.

Assume a user gives three number 5, 10 and 15. Now our program will check the second number first.

Is second number is less than first number and greater than third number?

The answer is ‘Yes’. And then the program will print the second number as the second largest number.

Output of second largest number problem

When you compile and run the above program you will see the following output. You can also check the program for different input.

First line contains 3 which is the number of test case. Then the given three number is 120, 11 and 400.

As 120 is the second largest among them, the program prints 120. Similarly, the program have given the other output also.

However, if you have any other logic to solve this problem then you should try to implement that. This is not the only solution of this second largest number program.

Valid triangles program with solution in C

Read the description of valid triangle problem before solving it.

valid-triangle-problem-solving-by-c-solution-of-valid-triangle

We know that the sum of three angle of any triangle is equal to 180. Here, we have to implement this logic to write the solution of valid triangles program.

The program will take three angles from the user and check if the sum of all angles is 180 or not. If it is 180 then we have to print ‘YES’ otherwise ‘NO’.

This valid triangle program is not a hard problem at all. This problem is taken from CodeChef for practice and learning purpose only.

Here in this C practice guide we will discuss the solution of this problem as well as the cause behind it.

Now, let’s go to the solution of this valid triangle program. We have used C language here although you can use any other language too.

The logic may be same or different for you.

Solution of valid triangle problem

For solving this problem, at first we have to take an input from user which will be the test case for this problem. The each test case will take three integers.

After taking these input we will add the three angles and check if the sum is equal to 180 or not. When the sum is 180 then the triangle is possible otherwise not.

Suppose, a user gives three integers which is 60, 80 and 40 .

Then the sum of these angle will be (60 + 80 + 40) = 180

So, this triangle is possible and it is a valid triangle .

But when a user gives three angles like 50, 30 and 80

Then the sum is = (50 + 30 + 80) = 160

As 160 is not equal to 180 then this triangle is not possible and is not a valid triangle .

Output of valid triangle problem

You will see the output like following when you compile and run  the above program.

In the above output, first line which is 3, is the number of test case for this program.

Then second line is the first input set for the program. Here the sum is equal to 180 and for this the program have printed ‘YES’.

The other test case is also have worked like this.

However, you can implement other logic to solve this valid triangle program if you have any idea about solving this problem.

The solution we have given here is not the only solution of this problem. Every problem have several solution and you have to discover your own.

Lucky four problem solving with C

Read the description of lucky four problem before solving it.

lucky-four-problem-solving-by-c-solution-of-lucky-for-using-c

This lucky four problem is all about finding the digit 4 in any integers. We have to print the occurrence of the digit four in any integer.

We will take the integer from the user and find the number of digit 4 inside that integer.

After that we will print the number of 4 inside that integers. We also have to print zero if the digit 4 is not present in that integer.

We have taken this problem from CodeChef to discuss about the solution of this problem for learning purpose only.

Obviously you can solve this lucky four problem using different method as well as different programming languages.

We will use C programming language to solve this problem. Now, let’s see the solution to this lucky four problem.

Solution of lucky four problem

We will take an integer at the beginning of this problem which will be the number of test case.

The the user will give an integer for each test case. What we have to do is, find the number of 4 inside that integers.

Here, in this bellow program we have stored the given integer in the variable a. After that we have used a while loop till a > 0.

Inside the while loop we have divided the integer with 10 which will give the reminder of its last digit.

Then check that digit that is it 4 or not. We will update the value of number by dividing it with 10.

Consider, a user have given 244 to check the occurrence of digits lucky four. Then this program will divide it with 10 and store the reminder in rem variable.

rem = 244 % 10

As the reminder is 4 then the value of count variable will be 1.

The the new value of integer will be 244 / 10

= 24 (Integer part only).

Then the new integer will also be divided by 10 again which will give the reminder 4 again.

The value of count will be 2 and value of new integer will be 24 / 10

Then again 2 will be divided by 10 which will give the reminder 2.

As 2 is not lucky four, so the value of counter will not be increased here.

Then after checking all the digits of the integer we will print the value of count which will be 2 here.

Output of lucky four problem

Now, compile and run the above lucky four program to get the output like we have given bellow.

In this above output of lucky four program, the first line contains integer 5 which is the testcase for this program.

Then the second line is the first integer which we have to check for lucky four. As here the digit 4 remain 4 times then the program have printed 4.

Similarly the program have checked all the other input and printed the occurrence of 4 in the output.

In this above program we have used for loop for taking the value of all the integers.

We have used while loop also to check the digits and update the number.

However you can use any other loop for writing this program. You should also try using different logic to solve this problem.

C++ Practice problem and some real life problem solving

Quiz game full project by C++

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Problem Solving with Computer

By Bipin Tiwari

Problem Solving is a scientific technique to discover and implement the answer to a problem. The computer is the symbol manipulating device that follows the set of commands known as program.

Program is the set of instructions which is run by the computer to perform specific task. The task of developing program is called programming.

Problem Solving Technique:

Sometimes it is not sufficient just to cope with problems. We have to solve that problems. Most people are involving to solve the problem. These problem are occur while performing small task or making small decision. So, Here are the some basic steps to solve the problems

Step 1: Identify and Define Problem

Explain you problem clearly as possible as you can.

Step 2: Generate Possible Solutions

  • List out all the solution that you find. Don’t focus on the quality of the solution
  • Generate the maximum number of solution as you can without considering the quality of the solution

Step 3: Evaluate Alternatives

After generating the maximum solution, Remove the undesired solutions.

Step 4: Decide a Solution

After filtering all the solution, you have the best solution only. Then choose on of the best solution and make a decision to make it as a perfect solution.

Step 5: Implement a Solution:

After getting the best solution, Implement that solution to solve a problem.

Step 6: Evaluate the result

After implementing a best solution, Evaluate how much you solution solve the problem. If your solution will not solve the problem then you can again start with Step 2 .

Algorithm is the set of rules that define how particular problem can be solved in finite number of steps. Any good algorithm must have following characteristics

  • Input: Specify and require input
  • Output:  Solution of any problem
  • Definite:  Solution must be clearly defined
  • Finite: Steps must be finite
  • Correct:  Correct output must be generated

Advantages of Algorithms:

  • It is the way to sole a problem step-wise so it is easy to understand.
  • It uses definite procedure.
  • It is not dependent with any programming language.
  • Each step has it own meaning so it is easy to debug

Disadvantage of Algorithms:

  • It is time consuming
  • Difficult to show branching and looping statement
  • Large problems are difficult to implement

The solution of any problem in picture form is called flowchart. It is the one of the most important technique to depict an algorithm.

Advantage of Flowchart:

  • Easier to understand
  • Helps to understand logic of problem
  • Easy to draw flowchart in any software like MS-Word
  • Complex problem can be represent using less symbols
  • It is the way to documenting any problem
  • Helps in debugging process

Disadvantage of Flowchart:

  • For any change, Flowchart have to redrawn
  • Showing many looping and branching become complex
  • Modification of flowchart is time consuming

Symbol Used in Flowchart:

Example: Algorithm and Flowchart to check odd or even

Coding, Compiling and Execution

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Our next-generation model: Gemini 1.5

Feb 15, 2024

The model delivers dramatically enhanced performance, with a breakthrough in long-context understanding across modalities.

SundarPichai_2x.jpg

A note from Google and Alphabet CEO Sundar Pichai:

Last week, we rolled out our most capable model, Gemini 1.0 Ultra, and took a significant step forward in making Google products more helpful, starting with Gemini Advanced . Today, developers and Cloud customers can begin building with 1.0 Ultra too — with our Gemini API in AI Studio and in Vertex AI .

Our teams continue pushing the frontiers of our latest models with safety at the core. They are making rapid progress. In fact, we’re ready to introduce the next generation: Gemini 1.5. It shows dramatic improvements across a number of dimensions and 1.5 Pro achieves comparable quality to 1.0 Ultra, while using less compute.

This new generation also delivers a breakthrough in long-context understanding. We’ve been able to significantly increase the amount of information our models can process — running up to 1 million tokens consistently, achieving the longest context window of any large-scale foundation model yet.

Longer context windows show us the promise of what is possible. They will enable entirely new capabilities and help developers build much more useful models and applications. We’re excited to offer a limited preview of this experimental feature to developers and enterprise customers. Demis shares more on capabilities, safety and availability below.

Introducing Gemini 1.5

By Demis Hassabis, CEO of Google DeepMind, on behalf of the Gemini team

This is an exciting time for AI. New advances in the field have the potential to make AI more helpful for billions of people over the coming years. Since introducing Gemini 1.0 , we’ve been testing, refining and enhancing its capabilities.

Today, we’re announcing our next-generation model: Gemini 1.5.

Gemini 1.5 delivers dramatically enhanced performance. It represents a step change in our approach, building upon research and engineering innovations across nearly every part of our foundation model development and infrastructure. This includes making Gemini 1.5 more efficient to train and serve, with a new Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture.

The first Gemini 1.5 model we’re releasing for early testing is Gemini 1.5 Pro. It’s a mid-size multimodal model, optimized for scaling across a wide-range of tasks, and performs at a similar level to 1.0 Ultra , our largest model to date. It also introduces a breakthrough experimental feature in long-context understanding.

Gemini 1.5 Pro comes with a standard 128,000 token context window. But starting today, a limited group of developers and enterprise customers can try it with a context window of up to 1 million tokens via AI Studio and Vertex AI in private preview.

As we roll out the full 1 million token context window, we’re actively working on optimizations to improve latency, reduce computational requirements and enhance the user experience. We’re excited for people to try this breakthrough capability, and we share more details on future availability below.

These continued advances in our next-generation models will open up new possibilities for people, developers and enterprises to create, discover and build using AI.

Context lengths of leading foundation models

Highly efficient architecture

Gemini 1.5 is built upon our leading research on Transformer and MoE architecture. While a traditional Transformer functions as one large neural network, MoE models are divided into smaller "expert” neural networks.

Depending on the type of input given, MoE models learn to selectively activate only the most relevant expert pathways in its neural network. This specialization massively enhances the model’s efficiency. Google has been an early adopter and pioneer of the MoE technique for deep learning through research such as Sparsely-Gated MoE , GShard-Transformer , Switch-Transformer, M4 and more.

Our latest innovations in model architecture allow Gemini 1.5 to learn complex tasks more quickly and maintain quality, while being more efficient to train and serve. These efficiencies are helping our teams iterate, train and deliver more advanced versions of Gemini faster than ever before, and we’re working on further optimizations.

Greater context, more helpful capabilities

An AI model’s “context window” is made up of tokens, which are the building blocks used for processing information. Tokens can be entire parts or subsections of words, images, videos, audio or code. The bigger a model’s context window, the more information it can take in and process in a given prompt — making its output more consistent, relevant and useful.

Through a series of machine learning innovations, we’ve increased 1.5 Pro’s context window capacity far beyond the original 32,000 tokens for Gemini 1.0. We can now run up to 1 million tokens in production.

This means 1.5 Pro can process vast amounts of information in one go — including 1 hour of video, 11 hours of audio, codebases with over 30,000 lines of code or over 700,000 words. In our research, we’ve also successfully tested up to 10 million tokens.

Complex reasoning about vast amounts of information

1.5 Pro can seamlessly analyze, classify and summarize large amounts of content within a given prompt. For example, when given the 402-page transcripts from Apollo 11’s mission to the moon, it can reason about conversations, events and details found across the document.

Reasoning across a 402-page transcript: Gemini 1.5 Pro Demo

Gemini 1.5 Pro can understand, reason about and identify curious details in the 402-page transcripts from Apollo 11’s mission to the moon.

Better understanding and reasoning across modalities

1.5 Pro can perform highly-sophisticated understanding and reasoning tasks for different modalities, including video. For instance, when given a 44-minute silent Buster Keaton movie , the model can accurately analyze various plot points and events, and even reason about small details in the movie that could easily be missed.

Multimodal prompting with a 44-minute movie: Gemini 1.5 Pro Demo

Gemini 1.5 Pro can identify a scene in a 44-minute silent Buster Keaton movie when given a simple line drawing as reference material for a real-life object.

Relevant problem-solving with longer blocks of code

1.5 Pro can perform more relevant problem-solving tasks across longer blocks of code. When given a prompt with more than 100,000 lines of code, it can better reason across examples, suggest helpful modifications and give explanations about how different parts of the code works.

Problem solving across 100,633 lines of code | Gemini 1.5 Pro Demo

Gemini 1.5 Pro can reason across 100,000 lines of code giving helpful solutions, modifications and explanations.

Enhanced performance

When tested on a comprehensive panel of text, code, image, audio and video evaluations, 1.5 Pro outperforms 1.0 Pro on 87% of the benchmarks used for developing our large language models (LLMs). And when compared to 1.0 Ultra on the same benchmarks, it performs at a broadly similar level.

Gemini 1.5 Pro maintains high levels of performance even as its context window increases. In the Needle In A Haystack (NIAH) evaluation, where a small piece of text containing a particular fact or statement is purposely placed within a long block of text, 1.5 Pro found the embedded text 99% of the time, in blocks of data as long as 1 million tokens.

Gemini 1.5 Pro also shows impressive “in-context learning” skills, meaning that it can learn a new skill from information given in a long prompt, without needing additional fine-tuning. We tested this skill on the Machine Translation from One Book (MTOB) benchmark, which shows how well the model learns from information it’s never seen before. When given a grammar manual for Kalamang , a language with fewer than 200 speakers worldwide, the model learns to translate English to Kalamang at a similar level to a person learning from the same content.

As 1.5 Pro’s long context window is the first of its kind among large-scale models, we’re continuously developing new evaluations and benchmarks for testing its novel capabilities.

For more details, see our Gemini 1.5 Pro technical report .

Extensive ethics and safety testing

In line with our AI Principles and robust safety policies, we’re ensuring our models undergo extensive ethics and safety tests. We then integrate these research learnings into our governance processes and model development and evaluations to continuously improve our AI systems.

Since introducing 1.0 Ultra in December, our teams have continued refining the model, making it safer for a wider release. We’ve also conducted novel research on safety risks and developed red-teaming techniques to test for a range of potential harms.

In advance of releasing 1.5 Pro, we've taken the same approach to responsible deployment as we did for our Gemini 1.0 models, conducting extensive evaluations across areas including content safety and representational harms, and will continue to expand this testing. Beyond this, we’re developing further tests that account for the novel long-context capabilities of 1.5 Pro.

Build and experiment with Gemini models

We’re committed to bringing each new generation of Gemini models to billions of people, developers and enterprises around the world responsibly.

Starting today, we’re offering a limited preview of 1.5 Pro to developers and enterprise customers via AI Studio and Vertex AI . Read more about this on our Google for Developers blog and Google Cloud blog .

We’ll introduce 1.5 Pro with a standard 128,000 token context window when the model is ready for a wider release. Coming soon, we plan to introduce pricing tiers that start at the standard 128,000 context window and scale up to 1 million tokens, as we improve the model.

Early testers can try the 1 million token context window at no cost during the testing period, though they should expect longer latency times with this experimental feature. Significant improvements in speed are also on the horizon.

Developers interested in testing 1.5 Pro can sign up now in AI Studio, while enterprise customers can reach out to their Vertex AI account team.

Learn more about Gemini’s capabilities and see how it works .

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Problem solving through Programming In C

  • Formulate simple algorithms for arithmetic and logical problems
  • Translate the algorithms to programs (in C language)
  • Test and execute the programs and  correct syntax and logical errors
  • Implement conditional branching, iteration and recursion
  • Decompose a problem into functions and synthesize a complete program using divide and conquer approach
  • Use arrays, pointers and structures to formulate algorithms and programs
  • Apply programming to solve matrix addition and multiplication problems and searching and sorting problems 
  • Apply programming to solve simple numerical method problems, namely rot finding of function, differentiation of function and simple integration

Note: This exam date is subjected to change based on seat availability. You can check final exam date on your hall ticket.

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problem solving using c language

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  • Assignment score = 25% of average of best 8 assignments out of the total 12 assignments given in the course. 
  • ( All assignments in a particular week will be counted towards final scoring - quizzes and programming assignments). 
  • Unproctored programming exam score = 25% of the average scores obtained as part of Unproctored programming exam - out of 100
  • Proctored Exam score =50% of the proctored certification exam score out of 100

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    Practice The best way to learn C programming language is by hands-on practice. This C Exercise page contains the top 30 C exercise questions with solutions that are designed for both beginners and advanced programmers. It covers all major concepts like arrays, pointers, for-loop, and many more. So, Keep it Up!

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  4. C Programs

    C Programs: Practicing and solving problems is the best way to learn anything. Here, we have provided 100+ C programming examples in different categories like basic C Programs, Fibonacci series in C, String, Array, Base Conversion, Pattern Printing, Pointers, etc. These C programs are the most asked interview questions from basic to advanced level.

  5. Problem Solving Through Programming in C

    Problem Solving Through Programming in C Steps to Solve a Problem With the Computer Step 1: Understanding the Problem: Step 2: Analyzing the Problem: Step 3: Developing the solution: Step 4: Coding and Implementation: Problem Solving Steps 1. Problem Definition Phase: 2. Getting Started on a Problem: 3. Use of Specific Examples: 4.

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  10. Problem solving through Programming In C

    Formulate simple algorithms for arithmetic and logical problems; Translate the algorithms to programs (in C language) Test and execute the programs and correct syntax and logical errors; Implement conditional branching, iteration and recursion; Decompose a problem into functions and synthesize a complete program using divide and conquer approach

  11. PDF Programming for problem solving using C Notes Unit

    Assembly Language: This is the second-generation programming language. It is a development on the machine language, where instead of using only numbers, we use English words, names, and symbols. It is the most basic computer language necessary for any processor. 1.5 Generation of Programming Languages . 1.

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    Lerman's new book introduces problem solving techniques using C. It is a textbook with examples for college students who have had some exposure to a programming language. Some sections of the book require some knowledge of calculus, but these sections are clearly marked so they can be skipped, if necessary.

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    Here is the List of C solved programs/examples with solutions (category wise) and detailed explanation. C Solved Programs by categories……. C Basic Solved Programs C Program to Print Hello World Program C Program to calculate a simple interest C program to convert Total days to year, month and days C program to find Sum and Average of two numbers

  16. PDF Introduction to Problem Solving Using C

    Write an algorithm to find the largest among three different numbers entered by user. Step 1: Start. Step 2: Declare variables a,b and c. Step 3: Read variables a,b and c. Step 4: If a>b If a>c Display a is the largest number. Else Display c is the largest number. Else If b>c Display b is the largest number.

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    Step 1: Identify and Define Problem Explain you problem clearly as possible as you can. Step 2: Generate Possible Solutions List out all the solution that you find. Don't focus on the quality of the solution Generate the maximum number of solution as you can without considering the quality of the solution Step 3: Evaluate Alternatives

  23. Introducing Gemini 1.5, Google's next-generation AI model

    Relevant problem-solving with longer blocks of code. 1.5 Pro can perform more relevant problem-solving tasks across longer blocks of code. When given a prompt with more than 100,000 lines of code, it can better reason across examples, suggest helpful modifications and give explanations about how different parts of the code works.

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    Formulate simple algorithms for arithmetic and logical problems; Translate the algorithms to programs (in C language) Test and execute the programs and correct syntax and logical errors; Implement conditional branching, iteration and recursion; Decompose a problem into functions and synthesize a complete program using divide and conquer approach

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