title mars phd

How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name

—- For more on the the use of Port-Nominal Abbreviations , see that page . —- For more on use of an Honorary Doctorate , see that page . How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name

Here are the forms to use when addressing a person addressed as Dr. See the discussion below “How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name 1-2-3-4-5” for more information on who typically does use Dr. as part of their name and who does not.

—- Envelope or address block on letter or email to their office/place of work: ——– (Full Name), (Post-nominal abbreviation for doctorate held). ——– ( Name of office/place of work if  appropriate) ——– (Address)

—- Social/Personal envelope: ——– Dr. (Full Name) ——– (Address)

—- Salutation – for both official & social: ——– Dear Dr. (Surname):  How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name

Robert Hickey author of “Honor & Respect”

How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name: 1-2-3-4-5

—- #1) Holders of doctorates who work in academia or research institutions are addressed as ‘Dr. (Name)’ professionally and socially in a salutation or conversation. Thus, a Ph.D. professor at a college, a Ph.D. in biology doing scientific research, and a Ph.D. principal at an elementary school all use Dr. (Name) and everybody thinks it is normal.

—- NOTE: At some universities it is traditional to address faculty holding of academic doctorates as ‘Mr. (Name)’ or ‘Professor (Name)’ and not to address as ‘Dr. (Name)’. For those outside the academic community it is acceptable to follow the insider’s rule or to address holders of doctorates as ‘Dr. (Name)’ in writing or oral address.

—- #2) Protestant clergy with doctorates are addressed as ‘Dr. (Name)’ in a salutation or conversation. I specify ‘Protestant’ here because not all clergy is. For example, neither priests – addressed in a salutation or conversation as Father [Name] – nor rabbis – addressed as Rabbi [Name] –  holding doctorates are ever addressed as Dr. [Name] . In a salutation or conversation they stick with Father[Name] and Rabbi [Name].

—- #3) Holders of doctorates who work outside academia or research don’t always prefer to be addressed as ‘Dr. (Name)’. in a salutation or conversation. —- —- A) In the USA ‘Dr.’ may be used depending on the work environment and/or when the degree isn’t pertinent to the conversation. E.g., a Ph.D. in finance working at a bank or a Ph.D. in American history working in software development are not likely to insist on being addressed as ‘ Dr. (Name)’ . But always ask for their preference. Use of, or omitting, the honorific can be a sensitive issue to some individuals! —- —- B) And, outside the U.S.A. everyone holding a doctorate will want to be addressed as ‘Dr. (Name)’ in every instance.

—- #4) In hospitals and healthcare environments historically there was a practice that only physicians (medical doctors, osteopaths, dentists, podiatrists, veterinarians, etc. ) are addressed as ‘Dr. (Name)’. This was explained to be out of consideration for the patients who want to know who ‘the doctors’ are and who are nurses and allied healthcare professionals.

—- That made for some unhappy professionals who earned doctorates in hospital administration, pharmacy, physical therapy and nursing, etc. – who felt they too were properly addressed as ‘Dr. (Name)’ . It’s my understanding that today all the holders of doctorates are addressed as Dr. (Name) and hospitals (etc.) have figured out other ways to define which doctor is a physician, which is a physical therapist and which is a nurse anesthetist.

—- #5) All that said, ultimately how one is addressed by others is up to the individual and usually everyone goes along. For example, if you and I meet a woman who identifies herself as ‘Monsignor Alice’ … I think it is unlikely she’s a Roman Catholic Monsignor. And, it’s unusual she has only one name, like Pink, Rhianna, Sting, Cher, or Madonna. But we should directly address her in conversation as ‘Monsignor Alice,’ it’s nice to meet you …’ because that’s what she says her name is. How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name

—- But, when she’s out of range, we will all be talking about her.

—- —- – Robert Hickey

Related Healthcare Links -V — — Chiropractor / Doctor of Chiropractic Medicine -V — — Dentist / Doctor of Dentistry -V — — Medical Doctor / Doctor of Medicine -V — — Military Physician / Armed Services -V — — Optometrist / Doctor of Optometry -V — — Osteopath / Doctor of Osteopathy -V — — Podiatrist / Doctor of Podiatry -V — — Veterinarian / Doctor of Veterinary Medicine

More Related Healthcare Links: -V — — Person holding a doctorate -V — — Pharmacist / Doctor of Pharmacy -V — — Psychologist -V — — Therapist

Related Links: —- —- —- Principal —- —- —- Headmaster —- —- —- President College University —- —- —- President of a School —- —- —- Chancellor —- —- —- Professor

When To Use Dr. (Name) and When To Use (Name), Ph.D.?

My daughter is receiving her Ph.D. and will be teaching. I would like to give her a name plate for her desk. Should it be ‘Dr. (Full Name)’ or ‘(Full Name), Ph.D. ‘? ——————- – AP

Dear AP,   How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name

‘(Full Name), Ph.D.’ is the official form of her name. You will use it on the envelope, or in the address block of a letter, when you write to her with regard to her professional pursuits. This is the form the university will use when she is listed among the faculty. It is used by the degree holder, when specifying the exact degree is pertinent – like on business cards or in a list of academics.

‘Dr. (Full Name)’ is the social form of her name. You will use it when you write her name on a personal letter’s envelope, e.g., one sent to her home. This is the form everyone will use on the envelope when they send her a birthday or holiday card. It is rarely used by the degree holder since one does not correctly give oneself an honorific. The degree holder – in their signature or when introducing him or herself – just uses their name … no ‘Dr.’ It’s up to the other person to add the ‘Dr.’ E.g., I just introduce myself as ‘Robert Hickey’ – never ‘Mr. Robert Hickey.’

Sometimes you will observe a physician in a healthcare setting introducing him or herself as ‘Dr. (Name)’ – but there it is for the patient’s benefit to know they are the physician in a field of people wearing seemingly identical white coats!

‘Dr. (Surname)’ is the conversational form of her name. Use it both officially and socially in a letter’s salutation as well as in oral conversation.

So, for an office name plate use the official form of her name – (Full Name), Ph.D.

– Robert Hickey

Doctors present the official form of their name to the public:  (Full Name) (Pertinent post-nominals for the service offered).   The social form of their name does not include their degree: Dr. (Full Name).   In both official and social salutations and conversations patients use Dr. (Name).

If My Doctorate is in Music, am I ‘Dr.’?

I hold a DMA, Doctorate in Music, from a Boston university and am a Church Music Director. Please could you advise me as to whether it is acceptable for the church where I work to list me in the service bulletins as: ‘Dr. (First name) + (Last name) ‘? —————- – CJ

Dear CJ: How to Use a Doctorate with your Name It is correct to list yourself in the bulletin using the professional form of your name … (First name) + (Last name), DMA.    It specifies your academic credential in your professional domain.

Among protestant denominations many address their clergy with a doctorate orally and in a salutation as  Dr. (Surname).   If your church is one of those, and it is your preference is to be Dr. (Surnhttps://formsofaddress.info/wp-admin/post.php?post=13983&action=edit#ame), tell everyone that it is your preference to be addressed Dr. (Surname).

Usually academics and researchers who go by Dr. (Surname) professionally – use Dr. (Surname)  socially. But ultimately whether a particular Ph.D. holder is ‘Dr. (Name)’ socially … especially outside of healthcare, academia or research … is at the preference of the bearer. Some insist, some don’t care, others say they answer to anything they are called. Ultimately your name belongs to you and if you want to be Dr. (Surname), then it’s your right to request everyone address you that way.

– Robert Hickey   How to Use a Doctorate with your Name

May I Call Myself Dr. (Name)  if my Degree Is Not Related to the Service I Offer?

I have a Ph.D. and license in counseling. Recently I sent out an announcement for a yoga class I will be teaching. The state of Colorado says I should not teach yoga as   “Dr. (Name)”. How can I convince them I can? ——– – Kevin S., Ph.D., L.P.C., C.M.T., I.K.Y.T.A. ,  Counseling, Yoga Therapy, Integrative Health & Healing

Dear Dr. Kevin, How to Use a Doctorate with your Name

Your Ph.D. is in a field not related to the service you are offering.

A couple of typical practices I observe in the USA come to mind:

Professionals use with their name the degrees pertinent to their profession service. The degrees and certifications are provided for the benefit of the public so the public can quickly evaluate your credentials.

Here’s what I mean by pertinent . A pastor who would be the Reverend (Full Name)  & Pastor (Name) at church on Sundays, would not use the Reverend (Full Name) & Pastor (Name)  when teaching English Monday through Friday, at the local high school. That he or she is the Reverend  might be mentioned in a complete biography or introduction. It just isn’t part of his/her name at school.

So, I can see if you are using ‘Dr. (Name)’ when offering a class in yoga, and your doctorate is not directly to the service you are offering, say a doctorate physical therapy or kinesthetics …. it would be confusing to me … and the state officials must think it is misleading to the public.

– Robert Hickey How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name

Should I Use Dr. or Ph.D. on an Invitation?

If a person holds a Ph.D., should his or her name be ‘Dr. (name)’ a wedding invitation? Or ‘( Name), Ph.D.’ ?  Is this true for the father of the bride?  The groom?  Is the rule for names on wedding invitations and wedding envelopes different that the guidelines for social correspondence? ————– – Beverly Russell, Winchester, Virginia

Dear Ms. Russell: Wedding invitations and their envelopes are social correspondence. Post-nominal abbreviations ( Ph.D. is a post nominal abbreviation) aren’t used on social correspondence:

—- —- DON’T use Ph.D.

—- —- DO use Dr. (Name)

Another question that typically comes up is whether to use Doctor or Dr. (spelled out or abbreviated) on the invitation or on the mailing envelope?

The rule is to spell out everything and not to use abbreviations unless space is an issue.

But, Mr., Mrs., Dr., and Ms. (for which there is no spelled-out version) are typically used on invitations and when addressing invitations in even the most formal circles. I think ‘Doctor (Name)’ looks oh-so-highly precious, but I know some wedding planners who would wrestle me to the mat on that one.

When Should You Use the Forms on this Page?

You can use these forms of address for any mode of communication: addressing a letter, invitation, card or Email. (If there are differences between the official and social forms of address, I will have mentioned the different forms.)  The form noted in the salutation is the same form you say when you say their name in conversation or when you greet them. ___ What I don’t cover on this site are  many things I do cover in my book: all the rules of forms of address, about names, international titles, precedence, complimentary closes, details on invitations, place cards, all sorts of introductions , etc. I hope you’ll get a copy of the book if you’d like the further detail.

Not Finding Your Answer?

—- #1)    At right  on desktops , at the bottom of every page on tablets and phones , is a list of all the offices, officials & topics covered on the site.

—- #2)   If you don’t see the official you seek included or your question answered send me an e-mail . I am pretty fast at sending a reply: usually the next day or so  (unless I am traveling.)   Note: I don’t have mailing or Email addresses for any of the officials and I don’t keep track of offices that exist only in history books.

—- #3)   If I think your question is of interest to others, Sometimes I post the question  – but always change all the specifics.

— Robert Hickey 

Recommended Resources:    The Protocol School of Washington (PSOW)  and  Protocol and Diplomacy International – Protocol Officers Association (PDI-POA)     For more information see the Protocol Resources page.

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Can a PhD be called Doctor? Doctoral Degree Titles

If someone holds a PhD, they are able to call themselves Doctor. The doctor title is very prestigious and often projects expertise and respect in those who decide to use it.

A person with a PhD can be called Dr. However, many people with PhD degrees choose not to use their official titles unless they are communicating in an official capacity or are working in a professional role where they use their PhD.

I reserve the use my PhD title when I am giving a talk as it provides immediate credibility whereas, I do not often use my doctor title in many other instances.

When I first got my PhD I used my doctor title a lot more than I do now. I guess, the novelty has worn off and I have decided that it is not something that defines who I am as a person and, therefore, I would only use it in an official capacity.

Should PhDs use the title “doctor” after their doctorate? 

It is a personal choice for a PhD holder to use the title of “doctor”.

In many countries, it is common practice to use the title when referring to someone with a doctoral degree.

The title of doctor holds a significant level of prestige, and it generally signifies a high level of education and expertise in a particular field. Which is why it is important to use it in an official capacity.

Those who have earned a PhD have spent many years researching, writing and defending their work and have earned the right to use the title if so desired.

The title of doctor can also be used by medical professionals, and it is important to clarify the intended meaning when using the title to avoid confusion.

The decision to use the title of doctor is a personal one that should be made with an understanding of its significance and potential implications.

Even though the original use of the doctor title was for scholars, nowadays there are several different professional qualifications that can use the doctor title.

There are many honorific doctor titles, including those found in the table below.

The use of the doctor term for many healthcare-related qualifications can cause a fair bit of confusion about what qualification the person has achieved.

If you have any doubt about what degree a person holds look at the letters after their name.

If you want to know more about the doctor title check out my other article:

• How to use the PhD title and all the little doctorate “rules”
• Is a PhD a Doctor? [The full guide]

When can a PhD student be called doctor? After their dissertation?

A PhD student can be called doctor after successfully completing all the requirements of their program, including passing their dissertation defense.

More specifically, many universities only allow you to use the doctoral title after confirmation of your degree.

The University of Adelaide says that you can use it from your conferral date:

Students can be conferred on one of five dates during the year and for PhD students the conferral date will be the first available following the completion of all the academic requirements of your degree, including final thesis lodgement and the disbursement of any outstanding financial obligations to the University.

Personally, I felt comfortable using the doctor title as soon as I receive my notification letter from the University referring to me as Dr Stapleton. It was from this moment that I started using the doctor title.

There would be nothing wrong with someone using the doctor title after they have successfully defended their PhD – it just comes down to a matter of personal preference.

The title “Doctor” can still be used informally for those who hold other doctoral degrees such as a JD (Doctor of Law) or an EdD (Doctor of Education).

A PhD student can only be referred as a “Doctor” upon the completion of their doctoral program and after receiving their degree.

Why is PhD called doctor of philosophy?

A Ph.D. is called a Doctor of Philosophy because historically, philosophy was considered the foundation of all knowledge.

The word “philosophy” itself means the love of wisdom, and the pursuit of truth through reason and logic.

In medieval Europe, philosophy encompassed all forms of intellectual inquiry, including:

• mathematics,
• and history.

As universities developed and specialized in particular disciplines, the title of Doctor of Philosophy became associated with the highest level of academic achievement in any field.

This means that a Ph.D. is not limited to the study of philosophy but refers to any individual who has demonstrated the ability to conduct original research in their chosen field and make a significant contribution to advancing knowledge.

A Ph.D. signifies not only mastery of a specific subject but also the ability to think deeply and critically about complex problems. There are now many professional doctorates that include the doctor titleIn recognition of the hard work and deep thinking required to complete.

Wrapping up

Yes, PhD holders can be called Doctor.

Once you’ve completed a PhD and been conferred by your university and institution you can officially use the Dr title before your name and the PhD tag after your name.

Many doctoral degree holders only use their academic title in official settings such as academia and official duties.

Even though I was very excited about receiving my doctor title, after a couple of years the novelty wears off and I only use my official titles in the same way that someone would want to include Mr, Mrs, or Ms.

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

Thank you for visiting Academia Insider.

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How to Correctly Use the Titles Dr. & PhD With a Name

How to Reference a Person With a PhD

When someone has earned a Doctor of Philosophy, or Ph.D., degree, that person is subsequently referred to as “doctor” in formal speech. The same is true of a person who is a medical doctor, psychologist, dentist or veterinarian. In formal speech, that person should be referred to as “doctor.” However, the rules are different in written form when addressing someone who is called “doctor” in formal speech. In written form, the titles “Dr.” and “Ph.D.” are not interchangeable.

Determine the Type of Doctor

First, you should identify what type of doctor you are addressing. Doctors of medicine and psychology, doctors of dentistry and doctors of veterinary medicine must be addressed differently in comparison to academic doctors who have earned a Doctor of Philosophy doctoral degree. Be advised that there are different types of doctoral degrees. A Doctor of Philosophy degree is just one kind of doctoral degree. There’s also, for example, a Doctor of Education doctoral degree and a Doctor of Psychology doctoral degree. The titles associated with the various doctoral degrees are not interchangeable. Only a person who has earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree should be addressed as Ph.D.

Addressing a Doctor in Writing

Place the title of “Dr.” before the name of a person who is a doctor of medicine or psychology, doctor of dentistry, or doctor of veterinary medicine. For example Dr. George Ross. Always write the word “doctor” in its abbreviated form when it goes before the person’s name. Never write, for example, Doctor George Ross. Do not combine the title of “Dr.” with any other title even if the person could appropriately be addressed by a different title. Never write, for example, “Dr. George Ross, Ph.D.,” even if the person is a medical doctor who has also earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree. Pick one title. Do not use the “Dr.” title when referring to someone who is solely an academic doctor.

Put a comma followed by the title “Ph.D.” after the name of a person who has earned a Doctor of Philosophy doctoral degree. For example Stacey Childs, Ph.D. Do not combine the title of “Ph.D.” with any other title even if the person could appropriately be addressed by a different title. For instance, even if the person being addressed is a doctor of medicine who has also earned a Ph.D., never write, for example, Dr. Stacey Childs, Ph.D. Pick one title. Do not use the “Ph.D.” title when referring to someone who not earned a Doctor of Philosophy doctoral degree.

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Maya Austen began freelance writing in 2009. She has written for many online publications on a wide variety of topics ranging from physical fitness to amateur astronomy. She's also an author and e-book publisher. Austen has a Bachelor of Arts in communications from the New England Institute of Art and currently lives in Boston, Mass.

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Wendy M. Mars, PhD

Dr. Mars, Professor of Pathology and Clinical and Translational Science, is Director of the Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, a member of the UPSOM graduate council, and a senior graduate faculty member who works closely with the MSTP and Graduate Studies offices as well as the Biomedical Graduate Student Association (BGSA).  In addition to being an active research scientist, Dr. Mars is a dedicated mentor and teacher in the SOM and a past recipient of the SOM Distinguished Mentor award. On February 1, 2021, Dr. Mars was appointed as the first Assistant Dean for the Learning Environment who is dedicated to optimizing the graduate student learning experience.

MARS Postgraduate (Research)

UCL has a wide range of experienced researchers working in Medieval and Renaissance Studies with excellent track records of PhD supervision. In general, we recommend that students identify the staff member whose interests most closely correspond with their own before contacting them directly to discuss the proposed programme of research. It is best to do so as early in the academic year as possible. 

Medieval and Renaissance Studies is not housed within a single department at UCL. PhD students will be admitted to the department by which their primary supervisor is employed (although it may be possible to arrange for a subsidiary supervisor from another department if your thesis is interdisciplinary). We therefore recommend that students consult the website of the department to which they are applying in order to obtain the most up-to-date advice on postgraduate research funding. Deadlines will vary across departments and funding bodies so, again, it is wise to do this as early as possible in the application cycle.

Visit the UCL page for guidance on submitted your PhD thesis .

Selection of Completed PhDs

MARS tutors have supervised a wide range of PhDs. Titles of completed PhDs include: 

• Katherine Cross, 'Viking Identities in England and Normandy, c.950-c.1015';
• Alexander Good, 'Saint Lazarus: The development of a cult as a political tool in medieval France'.
• Zubin Mistry, 'Abortion in the Early Middle Ages';
• Anaïs Waag, ‘Forms and Formalities of Thirteenth-Century Queenship: A comparative study’
• Kathleen Walker-Meikle, 'Late Medieval Pet-Keeping: Gender, Status, and Emotions'
• Dr Agata Zielinska, ‘Territorialization, the Papacy, and the Institutions of the Polish Church, 1198-1357’
• Emma Zurcher, 'Territorial loss and moral affliction at the time of the Crusades'
• Benedict Wiedemann, 'Papal Overlordship and Protectio of the King, c. 1000-1300' 
• Alejandra Concha Sahli, 'The meaning of the habit: religious orders, dress and identity, 1215-1650' 
• Alison Ray, 'The pecia system and its use in the cultural milieu of Paris c1250 to 1330' 
• Emily Corran, 'Lying and Perjury in Medieval Practical Thought' 
• Antonia Fitzpatrick, 'Bodily Identity in Scholastic Theology' 
• Matthew Ross, 'The Papal Chapel 1288-1304: a study in institutional and cultural change'  
• Aaron Hope, 'Hireling Shepherds: English Bishops and their Deputies, c. 1186-c.1323' 
• Barbara Gaspar, 'The Immaculate Conception 1100-1700: Para-magisterial Powers and their Politics'

MARS Research in the Media

Our MARS staff are involved in world-leading research that is often picked up by various media outlets .

If you are considering making an application to study for a PhD in Medieval or Renaissance Studies at UCL and have not yet identified your preferred supervisor, you can visit the MARS staff page .

Measurement and Regulatory Science (MaRS) Postdoctoral Fellowship Program

Why Do We Need Health Measurement Researchers?

Incorporating the patient voice in health research is critical to healthcare advancements. But, to do this effectively, industry and government need skilled researchers who:

• Can develop high-quality tools to measure meaningful aspects of health
• Can understand the technical and regulatory aspects of clinical outcomes assessments (COA) and patient-centered research
• Can evaluate health interventions based on the patient’s values
• Can answer real-world questions reflective of industry needs

The MaRS Postdoctoral Fellowship Fills the Gap

The two-year Measurement and Regulatory Science (MaRS) Fellowship is the only program in the United States where you get on-the-job training while building and strengthening your research skillset in COA, stated-preference research, and patient-centered research.

Fellows will:

• Engage in coursework and self-directed  research projects , and are exposed to real-world regulatory issues related to patient-centered research
• T rai n one-on-one with expert Duke faculty who’ve developed measurement tools that are being used globally
• Get real-world experience through mentor-guided industry research
• Develop research skills that are disease- and setting- agnostic and can answer regulatory questions
• Build a professional network from our industry partners and Duke’s world-renowned faculty

"There has been a major shift over the past decade toward patient-centered research. Our fellowship program provides training on the methods for capturing and including the patients' voices in the evaluation of safety and efficacy of interventions under study."   —Bryce Reeve, PhD, Dir. Center for Health Measurement

MaRS Fellowship Core Skillset

• Best practices for survey design
• Measurement theory and models
• Qualitative methods for concept elicitation
• Qualitative methods for cognitive testing
• Quantitative methods for evaluating psychometric properties of COAs  
• Endpoint positioning of COAs
• Analytic considerations for COA endpoints  
• Random-utility theory and models
• Economic models for choice under uncertainty
• The use of preference data for patient-centric benefit-risk analysis  
• Best practices for patient engagement
• Conceptual models relevant to a development program (e.g., of disease, endpoint model, context of use)

"We recognize that each fellow comes to the program with unique experience and training. Rather than requiring a standard curriculum, we customize the coursework and mentoring to meet each individual's goals."  — Kevin Weinfurt, PhD, Co-Dir. Center for Health Measurement

Be Job-Ready

With an 80/20 split between coursework/COA research experience and on-the-job training, the MaRS Postdoctoral Fellowship is your launchpad to a position in industry or a regulatory agency.

Our Approach

Recommended as an 80/20 program, MaRS will provide early-career investigators training and experience with clinical outcomes assessments and patient-centered research opportunities to prepare them for their next career in industry or with regulatory agencies. See below for information regarding each year of the program. 

The Duke MaRS Fellowship Program is excited to collaborate with industry partners Takeda, Lilly, and GSK. If you are interested in sponsoring a MaRS Fellow, please contact  Molly McFatrich .

Eligibility

Applicants should have a doctoral degree in public health, psychometrics, education measurement, biostatistics, medical sociology/anthropology, nursing, medicine, or related fields. Candidates would also need to move to the Durham, N.C. area for the first year of the program. 

This is a fully-funded position with benefits and cost of living raises.

Important Dates

Applications are now open. Apply at:  https://careers.duke.edu/job-invite/236467/

• Applications are due December 5, 2023
• Duke faculty will review applications in late December/early January
• Candidates will be invited to interview with Duke faculty and industry sponsors in January 2024
• Selected candidates will receive offers mid-February/Early March 2024
• Start date for the fellowship is July 1, 2024

Contact  Molly McFatrich  for more information.

Meet Our MaRS Fellows

Ya-Ning Chan PhD, RN

Mesfin Genie, Ph.D.

The MaRs postdoc training program has been great for helping me translate my research skills gained in academia to a career in industry.  The first year of the program helped me get up to speed on how research around clinical outcome assessments is conducted.  In the second year, I’ve been able to apply those new skills to research at a pharmaceutical company.  After this program, I feel like I will be able to confidently begin a career in industry studying clinical outcome assessments –Cara Arizmendi, PhD, Former MaRS Postdoctoral Fellow

What Is The Title Of A PhD Student?- Find out

What Is The Title Of A PhD Student? To answer this question, we must first understand the difference between a PhD Student and a PhD Candidate. 

• First, while you’re studying for a PhD and attending a class that leads to the degree, you are called a PhD student or a Doctoral student. 
• Second, when you complete your studies, your course, and your examination and work on your thesis or your dissertation you are known as a PhD candidate or doctoral candidate.

So, the point is being a PhD student your title should be Doctoral Student or PhD Student. 

You’ll get the title Dr. only after completing the second stage, which is PhD Candidate. Only after being a PhD candidate you can earn the title like Dr. and add it before your name. 

Furthermore, Dr. is a title that must be earned. It cannot be taken for granted and should not be taken lightly as it is the highest academic honor.

Can someone call me Dr. while I am a PhD student or PhD candidate?

The honest answer is, No. Not until you complete your studies. People can start calling you Dr. When you complete your education, as the title Dr. can be achieved only by PhD graduate students. 

You must know that the title “Doctor” degree is usually the highest level of education you can obtain in a specific field. A doctorate in any subject grants you the right to use the title doctor, but unless you are a doctor of “medicine” or a teaching professor in another subject, you are unlikely to use it.

Difference between PhD Dr. & Medical Dr.

Do not be confused between the title Dr. & Dr. You must know that all Dr. are not hospital Dr., they could be Dr. in Bible, Dr. in Philosophy, Dr. in Physics or any fields that they are in.

The degree confers the title of ‘Doctor,’ indicating that they have earned a doctorate in any field. PhD is a course meaning Doctor in Philosophy, which is derived from the Greek words ‘philia’ and Sophia,’ meaning “love of wisdom.” It can be in any field of knowledge approved by the university awarding it. Any doctorate accomplishes the same thing.

You could be a PhD in Humanities, PhD in History, PhD in Music, or any type of field that you’re interested in. 

The title of Doctor denotes the possession of a medical degree as well as the privileges that come with it. According to some professors, it is an anachronism, but the PhD holder is the only one who can legally use the title of Dr. It is ‘borrowed’ by the medic as a descriptive honorific. They are, in a sense, a doctor who isn’t a doctor. 

So, if you ever break a leg, don’t confuse the two.

Difference between a PhD student and a PhD candidate

A PhD student is normally referred to as a doctoral learner. A doctoral learner is someone who is learning the art and science of being a doctor, which is a bit more than a student. Simply, a PhD student is in a process of learning aiming to become a PhD candidate.

A PhD candidate is a doctoral learner who has met all the requirements of completing their doctorate but is waiting to conduct their Oral Defense and submit their dissertation for acceptance and publication. Only after this step, they can be called Dr. and they can add the title before their names.

Stages of earning a title Dr. 

• First stage: PhD Student (sometimes called a Doctoral student)
• Second stage: PhD Candidate (sometimes called a Doctoral candidate)
• Third stage: Earning the title Dr.

How do you address PhD students?

You can address any PhD students as Mr., Ms., or Mx. If they are your instructor it is wise to address them as professors to show respect. You can address them as Mr., Ms., Sir, or Madame if they are your teacher or tutors.

Once they achieve their PhD degree (once they are graduated), you can start addressing them as Dr., since they earn the title. 

The title of a PhD student should be Mr. or Ms., or they can be addressed as a Doctoral student. Since they are still studying and haven’t completed their degree yet. But, it is important to show respect even while they are a student too. They are not only a few years ahead of us, but they have put in a lot of time and effort to get there. They also had to pass several rites of passage, including getting into a PhD program, which is notoriously difficult. In some cases, if the PhD student agrees, you can address them more informally by their first name as you get to know them better. It also depends on the relationship you have with them. 

What is the average age of a PhD student?

The majority of the PhD students take around 8 years to complete and are 33 years old when they receive their diploma. Most Americans with only a bachelor’s degree have already established themselves professionally by that age.

Can a PhD be referred to as a doctor?

“Dr.” can be used to address anyone with a doctoral degree. PhD students or PhD candidates are terms used to describe people who are pursuing a PhD. Only after you have completed your PhD program and graduated will you be referred to as a doctor.

When am I allowed to use the title PhD?

When you are a graduate, you should use the title when the degree is conferred, either through a letter or a ceremony (whichever comes first). Before that, you are a graduate student.

What is a doctorate?

In most fields, a doctorate is the highest level of academic achievement. A Ph.D. is typically required for research or university teaching, whereas applied professional doctorates include the Doctor of Medicine (MD), Doctor of Education (EdD), and Juris Doctor (JD), among others.

Is it okay if I sign as a PhD student?

Any other academic credential you have already earned can be used while pursuing your doctorate (including a first doctoral degree, if applicable). … You should also avoid signing any amended forms of the doctoral degree credential that indicate partial completion.

Physics and Astronomy

Recent graduates.

The list of recent PhD and Masters graduates below contains the  student's name, degree and semester received, and  dissertation/thesis title.

Sarah Henderson Characterizing Global Behaviors of Precipitating Solar Wind Hydrogen at Mars PhD received Fall 2023 PhD Advisor:  Jasper Halekas Employment:  Undecided

Sean Gunderson X-Ray Lines: The High Energy Signatures of Massive-Star Wind Dynamics PhD received Fall 2023 PhD Advisor:  Kenneth Gayley Employment:  Postdoctoral Scholar; MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research

Vitaliy Zhuravlyov Microscopic Structure in a Two-Dimensional Liquid-Like Dusty Plasma PhD received Fall 2023 PhD Advisor:  John Goree Employment:  KLA Corporation; Michigan

Robert Maxton Finite and It's Continuous Limit PhD received Fall 2023 PhD Advisor:  Yannick Meurice Employment:  Undecided

David Montealegre Integrating Efficient W-Superlattices and Cavities into Mid-Wave LEDs and VCSELs PhD received Fall 2022 PhD Advisor:  John Prineas Employment: Postdoctoral Scholar; University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign 

Joseph Sink Tight-Binding Parameters for Wurtzite-Zincblende Crystal Phase Heterostructures PhD received Fall 2022 PhD Advisor:  Craig Pryor Employment: Postdoctoral Scholar; University of Iowa

Riley Troyer The Implications and Characteristics of Diffuse-Like but Dynamic Aurora PhD received Spring 2023 PhD Advisor:  Allison Jaynes Employment:  Researcher, Space Dynamics Laboratory; Albuquerque, New Mexico

Sarah Conley Characterizing the Velocity Space Signatures of Electron Landan Damping PhD received Spring 2023 PhD Advisor:  Gregory Howes Employment:  NSF Postdoctoral Scholar; Princeton University

Daniel Simons The Z-Expansion: Applications in Particle Decay and Scattering Processes PhD received Spring 2023 PhD Advisor:  Yannick Meurice Employment: Undecided

Zoe Bellis Undergraduate Learners' Prior Knowledge in an Introductory Astronomy Course MS received Spring 2023 PhD Advisor:  Keri Hoadley Employment:  Undecided

Dustin Swarm Data-driven Exploration in X-ray Astronomy: Investigating Intermediate Polar Candidates Found Among Unusual Objects Selected by an Unsupervised Outlier Identification Algorithm PhD received Summer 2023 PhD Advisor:  Casey DeRoo Employment:  Data Scientist in the Industry

Katrina Schrock Mid-Infrared LED Efficiency Enhancement Via The Percell Effect, W-Superlattics, and Metalenses PhD received Summer 2023 PhD Advisor:  John Prineas Employment:  

Diksha Garg OPC-UA Server for Inner Tracker of Atlas Experiment and Ultra-High-Energy Neutrino Propagation Through Earth Using Nupyprop PhD received Summer 2023 PhD Advisor:  Mary Hall Reno Employment:  Postdoctoral research position working with Professor Mary Hall Reno, University of Iowa

Yueguang Shi Ferrimagnetic Organic Semi-Conductors and Lanthanides, A Density Functional Approach PhD received Summer 2023 PhD Advisor:  Michael Flatte Employment:  Undecided

Evan Abbuhl Very Long Baseline Inteferometry of Chromospherically Active Binary Stars PhD received Spring 2022 PhD Advisor: Kenneth Gayley

Brandon Bergerud A deep Learning Approach Towards Identifying Spiral Structure in Galaxies PhD received Summer 2022 PhD Advisor: Steven Spangler

Jesse Bluem An X-ray Study of the Effects of Stellar Feedback on Galaxy Evolution and Structure PhD received Summer 2022 PhD Advisor: Philip E. Kaaret

Arran Gross Dual Active Galactic Nuclei from Rainbows to Radio: Testing the Radio-Selection Method with Optical Spectroscopy in the Stripe 82 Field PhD received Spring 2022 Advisor: Hai Fu

Kwangyul Hu Spin Wave Dynamics in Non-trivial Magnetic Geometries PhD received Spring 2022 Advisor: Michael Flatte

Dylan Pare Investigating Properties of Multi-Stranded Filament Structures in the Galactic Center PhD received Spring 2022 Advisor: Cornelia Lang

Josh Steffen Evidence For Merger-Induced AGN Fueling Using Integral Field Spectroscopy PhD received Spring 2022 Advisor: Hai Fu

Jonathan Sullivan-Wood Cosmological Calculation Conundrum: Computational Methods to Constrain the Cosmological Constant MS received Summer 2022 PhD Advisor: Craig E. Pryor

Ashok Tiwari Monte Carlo Simulations and Phantom Measurements towards more Quantitative Dosimetry and Imaging in Nuclear Medicine PhD received Spring 2022 Advisor:  John Sunderland

Adam Zieser A Comparison of Monte Carlo Simulations of Dual-Energy and Proton Computed Tomographic Imaging with a Scintillating Glass Calorimeter PhD received Summer 2022 Advisor: Yasar Onel

2020 - 2021

Mohammad Alhusseini Evidence of the Standard Model Higgs boson decaying to two muons PhD received Summer 2021 PhD Advisor: Yasar Onel

Anindya Ghosh Search for dark matter in association with a Standard Model Higgs boson decaying to two b-quarks with the ATLAS detector PhD received Summer 2021 PhD Advisor: Usha Mallik

Kenneth Heitritter Cosmological Implications of the Diffeomorphism Field PhD received Summer 2021 PhD Advisor: Vincent G. J. Rodgers

Gian Andreone Improving Electron Measurements in Space Plasma Environments through instrument Design and Data Analysis PhD received Spring 2021 PhD Advisor: Jasper S. Halekas Employment:  Postdoctoral research position at Princeton University

Nilay Bostan The Study of Fermilab Long-Baseline Neutrino Fluxes and NA61/SHINE (CERN) 60 GeV Pion Incident Data MS received Fall 2020 Advisor: Yasar Onel

Erik Gustafson Quantum Computing for Field and Gauge Theories in the NISQ Era PhD received Spring 2021 PhD Advisor: Yannick Meurice Employment:  Postdoctoral research position at Fermilab

Daniel McGinnis Electron Measurements of the Nascent Solar Wind with the Parker Solar Probe PhD received Spring 2021 PhD Advisor: Jasper S. Halekas Employment:  Postdoctoral research position working with Professor Gregory Howes, University of Iowa

Jacob Richardson Halosat Observations of the Cygnus Loop MS received Spring 2021 Advisor: Philip E. Kaaret

Arya Afshari An Analysis of Electron Landau Damping as a Turbulent Dissipation Mechanism in the Terrestrial Magnetosheath PhD received Fall 2020 PhD Advisor: Craig A. Kletzing Employment:  Postdoctoral research scholar at the University of Iowa

Sirajudheen Kuthini Kunhammed Simple Relativistic Quark Models PhD received Fall 2020 PhD Advisor: Wayne N. Polyzou Employment:  Returned to India for employment

Stephen McMillan Spin-Selective Transport in Semiconductor Spintronics and Single-Defect Quantum Technology PhD received Fall 2020 PhD Advisor:  Michael E. Flatte Employment:  Postdoctoral research scholar at the University of Iowa

2019 - 2020

Samuel Brensinger Projective Gauge Gravity PhD received Summer 2020 PhD Advisor: Vincent G. J. Rogers Employment:  Lecturer, Department of Mathematics, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH

Sadie Elliott Whistler-Mode Waves and the Acceleration of Energetic Electrons in the Jovian Polar Region: Observations from the Juno Spacecraft PhD received Summer 2020 PhD Advisor: Jasper S. Halekas Employment:  Postdoctoral research position working with Professor Bill Kurth, University of Iowa

Marc Herrmann Algebraic Formulation of the Light-Front Vacuum PhD received Summer 2020 PhD Advisor:  Wayne N. Polyzou

Anton Kananovich Shock Waves in Dusty Plasma PhD received Summer 2020 PhD Advisor: John A. Goree Employment:   Lecturer, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Appalachian State University

Daniel LaRocca A HaloSat X-ray Analysis of the North Polar Spur PhD received Summer 2020 PhD Advisor: Philip E. Kaaret Employment:  Postdoctoral research position at Penn State University

Xinxin Li Carrier Dynamics in III-V Compound Mid-Infrared Semiconductor Nanowires, Superlattices and Quaternaries PhD received Summer 2020 PhD Advisor: John P. Prineas Employment:  Postdoctoral research position at Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL

Calvin Mera On Projective Connection and their Potential Application to 4-Dimensional Topology PhD received Summer 2020 PhD Advisor: Vincent G. J. Rodgers

Ryan Hood Study of the Plasma Boundary using Laser-Induced Fluorescence PhD received Spring 2020 PhD Advisor: Frederick N. Skiff Employment:  Postdoctoral research position at Sandia National Laboratories in Livermore, CA

Stephanie Howard Resonant Interactions Between Ultra Low Frequency Waves and Reflected Ions in the Lunar Plasma Environment PhD received Spring 2020 PhD Advisor: Jasper S. Halekas Employment:  Postdoctoral research position at NASA Goddard, Greenbelt, Maryland

Kailing Zhang Molecular Beam Epitaxial Growth and Characterization of Inas Nanowires PhD received Spring 2020 PhD Advisor: John P. Prineas Employment:  Optoelectronics engineer at Facebook virtual reality lab

Sarah Henderson An Analysis of Precipitating Solar Wind Hydrogen At Mars: Observations by the Maven Spacecraft MS received Fall 2019 Advisor:  Jasper S. Halekas

Aaron Muhowski Exotic Superlattices and Efficiency Improvements for Next Generation Infrared Light Emitting Diodes PhD received Fall 2019 PhD Advisor: John P. Prineas Employment:  Postdoctoral research position at University of Texas at Austin

2018 - 2019

Samuel Foreman Learning Better Physics: A Machine Learning Approach to Lattice Gauge Theory PhD received Summer 2019 PhD Advisor: Yannick Meurice Employment:  Postdoctoral research position at Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL

Patrick Wilcox Observations of Supernova Remnants at Very High Energies Using Veritas PhD received Summer 2019 PhD Advisor: Philip E. Kaaret Employment:  Postdoctoral research position at University of Minnesota

Weidong Bai Tau Neutrino Fluxes in Accelerator Experiments PhD received Spring 2019 PhD Advisor: Mary Hall Reno

Arran Gross Investigating the Nature of Dual Active Galactic Nuclei MA received Spring 2019 Advisor: Hai Fu

Kenneth Heitritter Projective Geometry and Gravitation MA received Spring 2019 Advisor: Hai Fu

Diego de Floor e Silva Critical Behavior of Multiflavor of Gauge Theories PhD received Fall 2018 PhD Advisor: Yannick Meurice Employment:  Returned to Brazil, teaching position

Nathaniel Shaffer Theory of Collisional Transport in Ultracold Neutral Plasmas PhD received Fall 2018 PhD Advisor: Scott D. Baalrud Employment:  Postdoctoral research position at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico

2017 - 2018

Jorge Berumen Cantu Kinetic Picture of Ion Acoustic Wave Reflection Using Laser-induced Fluorescence PhD received Summer 2018 PhD Advisor: Frederick N. Skiff Employment:  Postdoctoral research scholar at the University of Iowa

Natalie Butterfield Kinematics and Evolution of Massive Star Formation in the Central Molecular Zone of the Galactic Center PhD received Summer 2018 PhD Advisor: Cornelia C. Lang Employment:  Postdoctoral research scholar at the Green Bank Observatory in West Virginia

Sebastian DePascuale Critical Behavior of Multiflavor of Gauge Theories PhD received Summer 2018 PhD Advisor: Craig A. Kletzing Employment:  Postdoctoral research scholar at Oak Ridge National Lab in Oak Ridge, TN in the Plasma Theory and Modeling Research Group

Runxiong Dong Muon Identification Efficiency Measured with the CMS Detector at Sqrt(s) = 13 TeV MA received Summer 2018 Advisor: Hai Fu

Suleyman Durgut Evidence of a Narrow Structure in Y(1S)1^- Mass Spectrum and CMS Phase I & II Silicon Detector PhD received Summer 2018 PhD Advisor:  Jane Nachtman

Kevser Sahin Tiras Magnetic Field Effect and Other Spectroscopies of Organic Semiconductor and Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Perovskite Devices PhD received Summer 2018 PhD Advisor: Marcus Wohlgenannt

Chun-Shang Wong Experimental Study of Microscopic Stochastic Processes in Strongly Coupled Plasma PhD received Summer 2018 PhD Advisor: John A. Goree

Feng Chu Validation of a Lagrangian Model for Laser-induced Fluorescence PhD received May 2018 PhD Advisor: Frederick N. Skiff Employment:  Postdoctoral research scholar at the University of Iowa

Allison Costa A Study of Magnetic Fields in HII Regions Using Faraday Rotation PhD received May 2018 PhD Advisor: Steven R. Spangler Employment:  Postdoctoral research scholar at the University of Virginia

Delalcan Kilic The Diffeomorphism Field PhD received May 2018 PhD Advisor: Vincent G. J. Rogers Employment:  Unknown, returned to Turkey

Sarker Anik Iqbal Effects of Interactions in Field-Induced Resonances in Electron Gases and Superfluids PhD received December 2017 PhD Advisor: Michael E. Flatté

Sean Mattingly Velocity Space Degrees of Freedon of Plasma Fluctuations PhD received December 2017 PhD Advisor: Frederick N. Skiff Employment:  Systems Engineer at Rockwell Collins

Russell Ricker Advances in INAS/GASB Type-II Superlattice Light-Emitting Diode Arrays PhD received December 2017 PhD Advisor: John P. Prineas Employment:  Systems Engineer at Lockheed-Martin

Yifei Wang A Study of Magnetic Field Effect in Orgaic Semiconductor Devices PhD received December 2017 PhD Advisor: Markus Wohlgenannt

2016 - 2017

Zechariah Gelzer Lattice Gauge Theories Within and Beyond the Standard Model PhD received August 2017 PhD Advisor: Yannick Meurice Employment:  Postdoctoral research position at UIUC

Zachary Haralson Viscious Transport in Liquid-Like Two-Dimensional Dusty Plasmas PhD received August 2017 PhD Advisor: John A. Goree Employment:  Aeronautical Engineer at Lockheed-Martin

Viktor Khristenko A Search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson in the μ+μ - Decay Channel in PP Collisions at sqrt(S) = 13 TEV in CMS, Callibration of CMS Hadron Forward Calorimeter, and Simulations of Modern Calori PhD received August 2017 PhD Advisor: Yasar Onel Employment:  Software Engineer at CERN, Switzerland

Minh Luu Tau Neutrino Propagation Through Earth: Structure Function Parametrization and Dipole Model PhD received August 2017 PhD Advisor: Mary Hall Reno Employment:  Unknown, returned to Vietnam

Brett Scheiner Theory and Simulation of Electron Sheaths and Anode Spots in Low Pressure Plasmas PhD received August 2017 PhD Advisor: Scott D. Baalrud Employment:  Postdoctoral research position at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico

James Schroeder Exploring the Alfvén-wave Acceleration of Auroral Electrons in the Laboratory PhD received August 2017 PhD Advisor: Frederick N. Skiff Employment:  Postdoctoral research position at the University of Iowa

Emrah Tiras Search for Heavy Majorana Neutrinos in ee + jets Events with the CMS Detector in pp Collisions at √s = 8 TeV  & Research and Development Students for Photodetectors and Calorimeters at LHC and Future Colliders PhD received August 2017 PhD Advisor: Yasar Onel Employment:  Postdoctoral research position at Iowa State University

Judah Unmuth-Yockey The Tensor Renormalization Group and Applications to Quantum Simulation with Optical Lattices with Cold Atoms PhD received August 2017 PhD Advisor: Yannick Meurice Employment:  Postdoctoral research position at Syracuse University

Matthew Brorby X-ray Binaries in Local Analogs to the First Galaxies PhD received May 2017 PhD Advisor: Philip E. Kaaret Employment:  Data scientist at Amazon

Maksat Haytmyradov The First Observation of Y(1S) Pair Production and Hadron Calorimetry Upgrade at CMS PhD received May 2017 PhD Advisor: Jane M. Nachtman

Dominic Ludovici Radio Studies of the Galactic Center, Developing Spectroscopic Instrumentation for Robotic Telescopes, and Creating Active Learning Astronomy Laboratory Activities PhD received May 2017 PhD Advisor: Cornelia C. Lang Employment:  Visiting Assistant Professor, Rose-Hulman

Glade Sietsema Properties and Dynamics of Spin Waves in One and Two Dimensional Magnonic Crystals PhD received November 2016 PhD Advisor: Michael E. Flatté

2015 - 2016

Casey DeRoo Fabricating and Testing Off-Plane Reaction Gratings for Use in a Rocket-Bourne X-ray Spectrometer PhD received 2016 PhD Advisor: Randall L. McEntaffer Employment:  Named the Leon Van Speybroeck Postdoctoral Fellow at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, MA. Current Assistant Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Iowa

Wenhao Hu First Principles Investigations of Single Dopants in Diamond and Silicon Carbide PhD received July 2016 PhD Advisor: Michael E. Flatté

Jason Kooi Very Large Array Faraday Rotation Studies of Coronal Plasma PhD received June 2016 PhD Advisor: Steven R. Spangler

Sydney Provence Next Generation Mid-Wave Infrared Cascaded Light Emitting Diodes: Growth of Broadband, Multispectral, and Single Color Devices on GaAs and Integrated Circuits PhD received June 2016 PhD Advisor: John P. Prineas Employment:  Technical Staff, Lasertel Corp, Tuscon, AZ

Yigit Aytac Time-Resolved Measurements of Charge Carrier Dynamics in MWIR to LWIR InAs/InAsSb Superlattices PhD received May 2016 PhD Advisor: Thomas F. Boggess Employment:  Postdoctoral research position in the Electrical & Computer Engineering Department at the University of Maryland

Levent Sensoy GeO-PET: A Novel 4π Geometry Organ - PET for Small Animals PhD received April 2016 PhD Advisor: John J. Sunderland Employment:  Postdoctoral research position at University of California, Davis

Hannah Marlowe Polarimetric and Spectrographic Instrumentation to Enable Next Generation X-ray Observatories PhD received March 2016 PhD Advisor: Randall L. McEntaffer

Kamuran Dilsiz Cross Section Measurement of Simultaneously Produced Upsilon and J/Psi Mesons and Upgrade Studies for the CMS Detector PhD received February 2016 PhD Advisor: Jane M. Nachtman

Hasan Ogul Measurement of the Differential Cross Sections and Charge Asymmetry of Inclusive pp->W (μν) Production with 8 TeV CMS Data and CMS Single Muon Trigger Efficiency Study PhD received February 2016 PhD Advisor: Jane M. Nachtman

2014 - 2015

Scott Griffiths Exploring the Limits of Lorentz Invariance with VERITAS Gamma-Ray Observations of Markarian 421 PhD received July 2015 PhD Advisor:  Philip E. Kaaret

Victoria Kortan Transition-Metal Dopants in Tetrahedrally Bonded Semiconductors: Symmetry and Exchange Interactions from Tight-Binding Models PhD received July 2015 PhD Advisor:  Michael E. Flatté

Cuneyt Sahin Spin Dynamics of Complex Oxides, Bismuth-Antimony Alloys, and Bismuth Chalcogenides PhD received July 2015 PhD Advisor:  Michael E. Flatté

Jennifer Alexander Optical Properties of Mineral Dust Aerosol Including Analysis of Particle Size, Composition, and Shape Effects, and the Impact of Physical and Chemical Processing PhD received May 2015 PhD Advisor:  Paul D. Kleiber

Xing Li Novel Brachytherapy Techniques for Cervical Cancer and Prostate Cancer PhD received April 2015 PhD Advisor:  Ryan Flynn

John Meyer Experiments in Flowing and Freely Expanding Dusty Plasmas PhD received April 2015 PhD Advisor:  Robert L. Merlino

Catherine Whiting Duality Symmetries in String-Inspired Supergravity: T-Dualities and the Gauge/Gravity Correspondence PhD received April 2015 PhD Advisor:  Vincent G. J. Rodgers

Jershon Lopez Demagnetization Diagnostics in Collisionless Space Plasma Layers PhD received January 2015 PhD Advisor:  Jack D. Scudder

Asli Yildirim Phase Separation and Defect Formation in Stable, Metastable, and Unstable GaInAsSb Alloys for Infrared Applications PhD received September 2014 PhD Advisor:  John P. Prineas

Tuna Yildirim Topologically Massive Yang-Mills Theory and Link Invariants PhD received September 2014 PhD Advisor:  Vincent G. J. Rodgers

2013 - 2014

Bradly Button Applications of the Holographic Principle in String Theory PhD received July 2014 PhD Advisor:  Vincent G. J. Rodgers

Amit Kumar Mukhopadhyay Statistics for Motion of Microparticles in a Plasma PhD received July 2014 PhD Advisor:  John A. Goree

Quentin Roper Using Poisson Statistics to Analyze Supernova Remnant Emission in the Low Counts X-ray Regime PhD received July 2014 PhD Advisor:  Randall L. McEntaffer

James Wetzel A Search for a Heavy Majorana Neutrino and a Radiation Damage Simulation for the HF Detector PhD received July 2014 PhD Advisor:  Jane M. Nachtman

Haiyuan Zou Tensor Renormalization Group Methods for Spin and Gauge Models PhD received July 2014 PhD Advisor:  Yannick Meurice

Suranga Ruhunusiri Investigation of Collective Phenomena in Dusty Plasmas PhD received June 2014 PhD Advisor:  John A. Goree

Christene Lynch Radio Studies of Magnetic Fields of Cool Stars PhD received May 2014 PhD Advisor:  Robert L. Mutel

Anthony Moeller Forward Physics in CMS: Simulation of PMT Hits in HF and Higgs Mass Reconstruction Methods with a Focus on Forward Jet Tagging PhD received March 2014 PhD Advisor:  Yasar Onel

Alan denBleyker Study of Phase Transitions in Spin and Gauge Models Using Fisher’s Zeros PhD received December 2013 PhD Advisor:  Yannick Meurice

Kristopher Klein The Kinetic Plasma Physics of Solar Wind Turbulence PhD received November 2013 PhD Advisor:  Gregory G. Howes

Ran Lin Organic Spintronic Devices Utilizing Spin-Injection, Spin-Tunneling and Spin-Dependent Transport PhD received November 2013 PhD Advisor:  Markus Wohlgenannt

Timothy Harrington-Taber Heavy Flavor Decay of Zgamma at CDF PhD received October 2013 PhD Advisor:  Jane M. Nachtman

Dennis Norton Type-II InAs/GaSb Superlattice LEDs: Applications for Infrared Scene Projector Systems PhD received October 2013 PhD Advisor:  Thomas F. Boggess

2012 - 2013

Thomas Brantseg Core-Collapse Supernova Remnants and Interactions with Their Surroundings PhD received July 2013 PhD Advisor:  Randall L. McEntaffer

Yuzhi Liu Renormalization Group and Phase Transitions in Spin, Gauge and QCD-like Theories PhD received July 2013 PhD Advisor:  Yannick Meurice

Stephen Kaeppler A Rocket-Bourne Investigation of Auroral Electrodynamics within the Auroral-Ionosphere PhD received March 2013 PhD Advisor:  Craig A. Kletzing

Benjamin Olson Time-Resolved Measurements of Charge Carrier Dynamics and Optical Nonlinearities in Narrow-Bandgap Semiconductors PhD received February 2013 PhD Advisor:  Thomas F. Boggess

Lee Murray Investigations into Molecular Beam Epitaxial Growth of InAs/GaSb Superlattices PhD received December 2012 PhD Advisor:  John P. Prineas

Warren Clarida Same Sign Dimuon Search for Heavy Majorana Mass Neutrinos at the CMS Experiment at CERN and Design Studies of a Quartz Plate Calorimeter Prototype PhD received December 2012 PhD Advisor:  Yasar Onel

Kevin Nielson Analysis and Gyrokinetic Simulation of MHD Alfvén Wave Interactions PhD received December 2012 PhD Advisor:  Gregory G. Howes

2011 - 2012

Xiaolong Liu Investigation of K-String Energy Using The GaugeGravity Correspondence PhD received July 2012 PhD Advisor:  Vincent G. J. Rodgers

Benjamin Moehlmann Spin Transport In Strained Non-Magnetic Zinc Blende Semiconductors PhD received July 2012 PhD Advisor:  Michael E. Flatté

James Rybicki Frequency and Time Domain Studies Of Magneto-Transport and Charge Trapping in Amorphous Organic Semiconductors PhD received July 2012 PhD Advisor:  Markus Wohlgenannt

Kazuma Tsurusaki Veritas Observations of Galactic Gamma-Ray Sources PhD received July 2012 PhD Advisor:  Philip E. Kaaret

NOTICE: The University of Iowa Center for Advancement is an operational name for the State University of Iowa Foundation, an independent, Iowa nonprofit corporation organized as a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt, publicly supported charitable entity working to advance the University of Iowa. Please review its full disclosure statement.

Ph.D. Candidates - School of Aeronautics and Astronautics - Purdue University

Ph.D. Candidates

• Category: Xbox Game Pass

Coming to Xbox Game Pass: MLB The Show 24, Lightyear Frontier, Control Ultimate Edition, and More

• Megan Spurr, Community Lead, Xbox Game Pass

Batter up, friends! We’ve got the next round of games coming soon to your download and install queue. Whether you want to bend reality in Control , check out Bikini Bottom, or more, we have your bases covered… er… loaded! Let’s play ball!!

Editor’s Note: This article has been updated to remove  Ni no Kuni: Wrath of the White Witch Remastered  from the leaving soon list. The game will no longer be leaving the Game Pass library on March 15.

Available Today

Warhammer 40,000: Boltgun (Cloud, Console, and PC) Load up your Boltgun and unleash the awesome Space Marine arsenal to blast your way through an explosion of sprites, pixels and blood in a perfect blend of Warhammer 40,000, frenetic gameplay and the stylish visuals of ’90s retro shooters.

Coming Soon

PAW Patrol World (Cloud, Console, and PC) – March 7 Explore the world of “PAW Patrol” like never before, in a 3D action adventure where anything is PAWsible. Play as your favorite pups, drive their vehicles, and save the day by taking on fun rescues and missions either in single-player or with your family in couch co-op. It’s the ultimate PAW Patrol playtime!

SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom – Rehydrated (Cloud, Console, and PC) – March 12 Are you ready, kids? SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom is coming to Game Pass! Play as SpongeBob, Patrick, and Sandy in this faithful remake and thwart Plankton’s evil plan to take over Bikini Bottom. Battle Plankton’s army of rogue robots – this time with friends in multiplayer mode! Meet all your favorite Bikini Bottomites, voiced by their original voice actors and show Plankton that crime pays even less than Mr. Krabs.

Control Ultimate Edition (Cloud, Console, and PC) – March 13 From developer Remedy Entertainment, this supernatural third- person action-adventure will challenge you to master the combination of supernatural abilities, modifiable loadouts and reactive environments while fighting through a deep and unpredictable world. Control Ultimate Edition contains the main game and all previously released expansions ( The Foundation and AWE ).

No More Heroes 3 (Cloud, Console, and PC) – March 14 No More Heroes 3 follows the otaku assassin Travis Touchdown as he takes up his trusty beam katana once more and slashes his way through 10 of the deadliest fighters in the galaxy. Rack up combos with Travis’ beam katana and experience hack-and-slash action like never before!

Lightyear Frontier (Game Preview) (Cloud, PC, and Xbox Series X|S) – March 19 Available on day one with Game Pass : Start your interstellar homestead in this peaceful open-world farming adventure! Build your sustainable exofarm, grow alien crops, customize your mech, and explore a new world full of mystery with up to three friends!  

MLB The Show 24 (Cloud and Console) – March 19 Available on day one with Game Pass: Swing for the fences, experience game-deciding moments, become a legend and live out your baseball dreams in MLB The Show 24 . Want to hit the field early? Game Pass members can unlock up to four days early access plus deluxe edition bonus content with the purchase of the Digital Deluxe Add-On Bundle . Learn more about how MLB The Show 24 continues to tell important stories from the Negro Leagues on Xbox Wire .

In Case You Missed It

Dead Island 2 (Cloud and Console) – Available now A deadly virus is spreading across Los Angeles, turning its inhabitants into zombies. Bitten, infected, but more than just immune, uncover the truth behind the outbreak and discover who – or what – you are. Survive, evolve and save the world in this first-person zombie slaying adventure!

DLC / Game Updates

Age of Empires II:  Definitive Edition – Victors and Vanquished – March 14 Embark on a thrilling journey with Victors and Vanquished ! In 19 epic scenarios, play as Ragnar Lothbrok, Oda Nobunaga, Charlemagne, and more. Your strategy and choices decide your fate: will you emerge as the ultimate victor, or fall as the vanquished? Secure your pre-order now and save 15% – and be prepared to conquer the battlefield! 

Xbox Game Pass Ultimate Perks

Stumble Guys Retro Hot Dog Pack – Available now Show off your wackiness as you race to the finish line with your Retro Hot Dog skin, Fire Emote, 250 Gems and 50 Stumble Tokens. This Perk content requires Stumble Guys to use (Free to Play).

Century: Age of Ashes – Forgotten Bay Pack – Available now Brave the silence with the Forgotten Bay dragon, the Flaming Crude Cleaver axe and a 14-Day XP Booster. Requires Century: Age of Ashes to use (Free to Play).

Leaving March 15

The following games are leaving the Game Pass library soon. If you want to keep the fun going, be sure to use your membership discount to save up to 20% off your purchase!

• Hardspace: Shipbreaker (Cloud, Console, and PC)
• Shredders (Cloud, Console, and PC)

Keep tuned in at @XboxGamePass or @XboxGamePassPC for updates for when these games are available, and we’ll catch you here next time for more games coming to Game Pass!

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