• Biology Article

Human Digestive System

Digestive system of humans.

The digestive tract of humans starts with the mouth and ends with the anus. It includes different structures such as the mouth, oesophagus, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gall bladder, and anus.

Table of Contents

Introduction Structure Parts

  • Small Intestine

Large Intestine

Accessory organs, digestion process.

  • Mixing and Movement

Disorders Functions  Notes

The Human Digestive System

The digestive system of the human body comprises a group of organs working together to convert food into energy for the body. Anatomically, the digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal tract, along with accessory organs such as the liver, pancreas and gallbladder. The hollow organs that make up the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) include the mouth, stomach, oesophagus, small intestine and large intestine that contains the rectum and anus.

Human Digestive System and Nutrition involve the intake of food by an organism and its utilization for energy. This is a vital process which helps living beings to obtain their energy from various sources. The food which we eat undergoes much processing before the nutrients present in them are utilized to generate energy. This processing is known as digestion. Humans and other animals have specialized organs and systems for this process.

The digestion process involves the alimentary canal along with various accessory organs and organ systems. In humans, the process is quite simple due to our monogastric nature. This means that we have a one-chambered stomach, unlike other animals such as cows, which have four chambers.

Some parts of nervous and circulatory systems also play a significant role in the digestion process. A combination of nerves, bacteria, hormones, blood and other organs of the digestive system completes the task of digestion.

Let us have a detailed look at the human digestive system, its parts and functions. Also provided at the end of the chapter are digestive system notes.

Also Read:  Alimentary Canal

digestive system essay example

Diagram Of The Human Digestive System

The diagram given below represents different parts of the human digestive system that convert food into essential nutrients absorbed by the body.

Diagram Of The Human Digestive System

Parts of the Human Digestive System

The digestive system of the human body comprises a group of organs that work together in converting food into energy and other basic nutrients to power the body. The food we take in is digested and utilized by our body, and the unused parts of the food are defecated.

The digestive system of the human body is the sum of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT; also called alimentary canal) and accessory organs (tongue, liver, pancreas, etc.). These two parts together help in the digestion process.

The alimentary canal is the long tube through which the food that we eat is passed. It begins at the mouth (buccal or oral cavity), passes through the pharynx, oesophagus or food pipe, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, rectum and finally ends at the anus. The food particles gradually get digested as they travel through various compartments of the alimentary canal.

Accessory organs are organs which participate in the digestion process but are not actually a part of GIT. They stimulate the digestion by releasing certain enzymes that help in breaking down the food.

Let us have a detailed look at the digestive system of the human body, along with its parts and functions:

Food starts its journey from the mouth or the oral cavity. There are many other organs that contribute to the digestion process, including teeth, salivary glands, and tongue. Teeth are designed for grinding food particles into small pieces and are moistened with saliva before the tongue pushes the food into the pharynx.

A fibromuscular y-shaped tube attached to the terminal end of the mouth. It is mainly involved in the passage of chewed/crushed food from the mouth through the oesophagus. It also has a major part in the respiratory system, as air travels through the pharynx from the nasal cavity on its way to the lungs.

This is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx, which is a part of an upper section of the gastrointestinal tract. It supplies swallowed food along with its length.

Also Read:  Food Pipe

It serves as a muscular bag which is situated towards the left side of the abdominal cavity, beneath the diaphragm. This vital organ acts as a storage for the food and provides enough time to digest meals. The stomach also produces digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid that maintains the process of digestion.

Mucous : It is an aqueous secretion produced by the mucous membranes. It functions by protecting the stomach lining and gastric pits from the acid, which is produced by the glands to destroy the bacteria that entered along with the food particles.

Digestive enzymes : They are the group of enzymes which functions by breaking down polymeric macromolecules like biopolymers into their smaller and simpler substances.

Hydrochloric acid : It is the digestive fluid formed by the stomach during the process of digestion. It functions by destroying harmful microorganisms present in the food particles.

The small intestine is a thin, long tube of about 10 feet long and a part of the lower gastrointestinal tract. It is present just behind the stomach and acquires a maximum area of the abdominal cavity. The complete small intestine is coiled and the inner surface consists of folds and ridges.

This is a thick, long tube measuring around 5 feet in length. It is present just beneath the stomach and wraps over the superior and lateral edges of the small intestine. It absorbs water and consists of bacteria (symbiotic) that support the breakdown of wastes to fetch small nutrients.

Also Read:  Large Intestine

Waste products are passed into the end of the large intestine called the rectum and eliminated out of the body as a solid matter called stool. It is stored in the rectum as semi-solid faeces which later exits from the body through the anal canal through the process of defecation.

It is a large gland present just behind the stomach. It is short with its anterior connected to the duodenum and posterior pointing towards the left part of the abdominal cavity. The pancreas releases digestive enzymes to complete the process of chemical digestion.

Read More:  Pancreas

The liver is a roughly triangular, reddish-brown accessory organ of the digestive system located to the right of the stomach. It produces bile , which helps in the digestion of fat in the small intestine. The bile is stored and recycled in the gallbladder. It is a small, pear-shaped organ which is located just next to the liver.

Also Read:  Cellulose in Digestion

The process of digestion begins from the mouth and ends in the small intestine – the large intestines’ main function is to absorb the remaining water from the undigested food and enable bacterial fermentation of materials that can no longer be digested.

The alimentary canal or the gastrointestinal tract is a series of hollow organs and tubes that begins from the mouth cavity and continues into the pharynx, through the stomach, small intestines, large intestines, and finally ending at the anus. Food particles gradually get digested as they travel through various compartments of the gastrointestinal tract.

The digestion process takes place in the following steps.

The very first step involves mastication (chewing). The salivary glands, along with the tongue, helps to moisten and lubricate food, before being pushed down into the food pipe.

It involves the process of lubricating and manipulating food and pushing it down the food through the food pipe (using peristalsis ), and into the stomach.

The stomach, small intestine, liver, and pancreas secrete enzymes and acids to aid the process of digestion. It functions by breaking down food particles into simple components and easily absorbable components.

Also Read:  What is Liver

The process of converting complex food particles into simpler substances in the presence of enzymes and acids secreted by different digestive organs.

Read more: What are digestive juices?

This process begins in the small intestine where most of the nutrients and minerals are absorbed. The excess water in the indigestible matter is absorbed by the large intestines.

The process of removing indigestible substances and waste by-products from the body through the process of defecation.

In a nutshell, the digestion process consists of the six following steps:

Ingestion  ⇒ Mixing and Movement  ⇒  Secretion  ⇒  Digestion  ⇒ Absorption  ⇒ Excretion

Also Read:  Gastrointestinal Tract

Disorders of the Human Digestive System

Vomiting : It is the ejection of stomach contents through the mouth.

Diarrhoea : It is the abnormal watery bowel movement. Prolonged diarrhoea eventually leads to dehydration.

Constipation : A condition in which the faeces are clutched within the rectum due to an irregular bowel movement.

Indigestion : A pain or discomfort in the stomach which is caused when food is not digested properly, resulting in the feeling of fullness.  Indigestion is mainly caused due to inadequate enzyme secretion, food poisoning, anxiety, overeating and eating spicy foods.

Also Read:  Difference between trachea and oesophagus

Functions of the Human Digestive System

Digestion and absorption are the two main functions of the digestive system.

Digestion is necessary for breaking down food particles into nutrients that are used by the body as an energy source, cell repair and growth.

Food and drink need to be converted into smaller molecules of nutrients before it is absorbed by the blood and carried to the cells throughout the body. The body breaks the nutrients present in the drinks and food into carbohydrates, vitamins, fats and proteins.

Human Digestive System Notes

  • The human digestive system breaks down food to release energy essential for the body to carry out its activities.
  • The process of digestion takes place in 6 major steps.
  • The food is ingested by the alimentary canal and is propelled through the body for further processing.
  • The autonomous nervous system controls the peristalsis, contraction and relaxation of muscles within the alimentary canal wall.
  • The food is passed to the small intestine where it is digested, and the nutrients are absorbed.
  • Water, electrolytes and vitamins are absorbed by the large intestine and the waste is defecated.

Also Read:  Mouth and Buccal Cavity

To learn more about the human digestive system parts and functions, as well as related topics such as the digestion process and disorders of the digestive system, keep visiting  BYJU’S Biology or download the BYJU’S app, for further reference.

Frequently Asked Questions

Deduce the function of the human digestive system..

The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and the accessory organs. Their main function is to break down the ingested food into its components and produce vital nutrients and energy required to sustain life.

What are accessory organs?

Accessory organs are organs which are not part of the digestive system; however, they aid in the digestion process by performing many secondary functions. The main accessory organs of the digestive system are the tongue, liver, pancreas and gall bladder.

Outline the process of digestion, step by step.

The process of digestion involves the following steps, namely:

List out the parts of the digestive system.

  • Mouth & Buccal Cavity

Explain the role of the tongue as an accessory organ.

The tongue is not a part of the digestive system, but it provides support functions such as moving and manipulating the food within the buccal cavity. Furthermore, moistening food also helps to swallow and pass through the oesophagus without much resistance.

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Essay: Digestive system

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A digestive system is a collection of organs working together to transform food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the body. Food moves through a long tube inside the body known as the alimentary canal or the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) (Inge et al,2008). The alimentary canal is made up of the oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestines and large intestines. In addition to this there are several additional organs that help your body to digest food but food does not pass through them, these are excretion called accessory organs. Accessory organs of the digestive system are the teeth, the tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and the pancreas. To provide energy and nutrients to the body, six major roles take place in the digestive system, these are absorption, digestion, ingestion, mixing and movement and secretion. Most common foods that contain mostly carbohydrates are potatoes, bread, cereals, rice and pasta and should make up about a third of the food you eat (NHS, 2016). Many of these foods contain starch, which can be digested, and fibre, which the body cannot digest. The digestible carbohydrates are broken into simpler molecules by enzymes in the saliva, a fluid produced by the pancreas, and in the lining of the small intestine. Starch is digested in two steps: The first is an enzyme in the saliva and pancreatic fluid breaks the starch into molecules called maltose; The second is when an enzyme in the lining of the small intestine (maltase) splits the maltose into glucose molecules that can be absorbed into the blood. Glucose is carried through the bloodstream to the liver, where it is stored or used to provide energy for the work of the body (Toole and Toole, 2015). Table sugar is another carbohydrate that must be digested to be useful. An enzyme in the lining of the small intestine digests table sugar into glucose and fructose, each of which can be absorbed from the intestinal cavity into the blood. Milk contains yet another type of sugar, lactose, which is changed into absorbable molecules by an enzyme called lactase, also found in the intestinal lining. However there are some that are lactose intolerant and this happens when they have digested milk or milk based products, their body reacts with symptoms such as bloating, diaoreah and gas. Some people think that being lactose intolerant it is an allergy (Niddk, 2016). This is not the case. There are two further conditions which may Protein Further digestion of the protein is completed in the small intestine. Here, several enzymes from the pancreatic fluid and the lining of the intestine carry out the breakdown of large protein molecules into small molecules called amino acid. These small molecules can be absorbed from the hollow of the small intestine into the blood and then be carried to all parts of the body to build the walls and other parts of cells. Fats Fat molecules are a rich source of energy for the body. The first step in digestion of a fat such as butter is for the bile acids to combine with the fatty acids and cholesterol and to help these molecules to move into the cells of the mucosa. In these cells the small molecules are formed back into large molecules, most of which pass into vessels (called lymphatics) near the intestine. These small vessels carry the reformed fat to the veins of the chest, and the blood carries the fat to storage depots in different parts of the body. Vitamins The large, hollow organs of the digestive system contain muscle that enables their walls to move. The movement of organ walls can force food and liquid and can mix the contents within each organ. Typical movement of the esophagus, stomach, and intestine is called peristalsis. The action of peristalsis looks like an ocean wave moving through the muscle. The muscle of the organ produces a narrowing and then propels the narrowed portion slowly down the length of the organ. These waves of narrowing push the food and fluid in front of them through each hollow organ. Water and Salt Food enters the oral cavity. Within the mouth are many organs that help in the digestion of food, tongue, teeth, and salivary glands. Teeth chop food into small pieces, which are moistened by saliva before the tongue and other muscles push the food into the pharynx. The Digestion System As the food enters the oral cavity. The teeth are hard organs found along the anterior and lateral edges of the mouth. Teeth are living organs and contain blood vessels and nerves under the dentin in a soft region known as the pulp. Teeth are used for cutting and grinding food into smaller pieces. The tongue is located on the inferior portion of the mouth just posterior. It is a small organ made up of several pairs of muscles covered in a thin, bumpy, skin-like layer. The outside of the tongue contains many rough papillae for gripping food as it is moved by the tongue’s muscles. The taste buds on the surface of the tongue detect taste molecules in food and connect to nerves in the tongue to send taste information to the brain. The tongue also helps to push food toward the posterior part of the mouth for swallowing. Surrounding the mouth are 3 sets of salivary glands. The salivary glands are accessory organs that produce a watery secretion known as saliva. Saliva helps to moisten food and begins the digestion of carbohydrates. The body also uses saliva to lubricate food as it passes through the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus. The pharynx, or throat, is a funnel-shaped tube attached to the posterior end of the mouth. The pharynx is responsible for the passing of masses of chewed food from the mouth to the esophagus. The pharynx also plays an important role in the respiratory system, as air from the nasal cavity passes through the pharynx on its way to the larynx and eventually the lungs. Because the pharynx serves two different functions, it contains a flap of tissue known as the epiglottis that acts as a switch to route food to the esophagus and air to the larynx (Innerbody, 2016). The esophagus is a muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach that is part of the upper gastrointestinal tract. It carries swallowed masses of chewed food along its length. At the inferior end of the esophagus is a muscular ring called the lower esophageal sphincter or cardiac sphincter. The function of this sphincter is to close at the end of the esophagus and trap food in the stomach. The stomach is a muscular sac that is located on the left side of the abdominal cavity, just inferior to the diaphragm. In an average person, the stomach is about the size of their two fists placed next to each other. This major organ acts as a storage tank for food so that the body has time to digest large meals properly. The stomach also contains hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes that continue the digestion of food that began in the mouth. The small intestine is a long, thin tube about 1 inch in diameter and about 10 feet long that is part of the lower gastrointestinal tract. It is located just inferior to the stomach and takes up most of the area in the abdominal cavity. The entire small intestine is coiled like a hose and the inside surface is full of many ridges and folds. These folds are used to maximize the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients. By the time food leaves the small intestine, around 90% of all nutrients have been extracted from the food that entered it. The liver is a roughly triangular accessory organ of the digestive system located to the right of the stomach, just inferior to the diaphragm and superior to the small intestine. The liver weighs about 3 pounds and is the second largest organ in the body. The liver has many different functions in the body, but the main function of the liver in digestion is the production of bile and its secretion into the small intestine. The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ located just posterior to the liver. The gallbladder is used to store and recycle excess bile from the small intestine so that it can be reused for the digestion of subsequent meals. The pancreas is a large gland. it is about 6 inches long and connected to the duodenum pointing to the left wall of the abdominal cavity. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine to complete the chemical digestion of foods. The large intestine is a long, thick tube about 6.5 cm in diameter and about 1.35m long. It is located just inferior to the stomach and wraps around the superior and lateral border of the small intestine. The large intestine absorbs water and contains many symbiotic bacteria that aid in the breaking down of wastes to extract some small amounts of nutrients. Feces in the large intestine exit the body through the anal canal. The digestive system is responsible for taking whole foods and turning them into energy and nutrients to allow the body to function, grow, and repair itself. The six primary processes of the digestive system include ingestion of food, secretion of fluids and digestive enzymes, mixing and movement of food and wastes through the body, digestion of food into smaller pieces, absorption of nutrients and excretion of wastes The first function of the digestive system is ingestion, or the intake of food (Innerbody, 2016). The mouth is responsible for this function, as it is the orifice through which all food enters the body. The mouth and stomach are also responsible for the storage of food as it is waiting to be digested. This storage capacity allows the body to eat only a few times each day and to ingest more food than it can process at one time. In the course of a day, the digestive system secretes around 7 liters of fluids. These fluids include saliva, mucus, hydrochloric acid, enzymes, and bile. Saliva moistens dry food and contains salivary amylase, a digestive enzyme that begins the digestion of carbohydrates. Mucus serves as a protective barrier and lubricant inside of the GI tract. Hydrochloric acid helps to digest food chemically and protects the body by killing bacteria present in our food. Enzymes are tiny biochemical machines that disassemble large macromolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids into their smaller components. Finally, bile is used to mix large masses of lipids into tiny globules for easy digestion. The digestive system uses three main processes to move and mix food, Swallowing is the process of using smooth and skeletal muscles in the mouth, tongue, and pharynx to push food out of the mouth, through the pharynx, and into the esophagus (Innerbody, 2016). Peristalsis is a muscular wave that travels the length of the GI tract, moving partially digested food a short distance down the tract. It takes many waves of peristalsis for food to travel from the esophagus, through the stomach and intestines, and reach the end of the GI tract. Segmentation occurs only in the small intestine as short segments of an intestine contract like hands squeezing a toothpaste tube. Segmentation helps to increase the absorption of nutrients by mixing food and increasing its contact with the walls of the intestine. Digestion is the process of turning large pieces of food into its component chemicals. Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces. This mode of digestion begins with the chewing of food by the teeth and is continued through the muscular mixing of food by the stomach and intestines. Bile produced by the liver is also used to mechanically break fats into smaller globules. While food is being mechanically digested it is also being chemically digested as larger and more complex molecules are being broken down into smaller molecules that are easier to absorb. Chemical digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase in saliva splitting complex carbohydrates into simple carbohydrates. The enzymes and acid in the stomach continue chemical digestion, but the bulk of chemical digestion takes place in the small intestine thanks to the action of the pancreas. The pancreas secretes an incredibly strong digestive cocktail known as pancreatic juice, which is capable of digesting lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids. By the time food has left the duodenum, it has been reduced to its chemical building blocks—fatty acids, amino acids, monosaccharides, and nucleotides. Once food has been reduced to its building blocks, it is ready for the body to absorb. Absorption begins in the stomach with simple molecules like water and alcohol being absorbed directly into the bloodstream. Most absorption takes place in the walls of the small intestine, which are densely folded to maximize the surface area in contact with digested food. Small blood and lymphatic vessels in the intestinal wall pick up the molecules and carry them to the rest of the body. The large intestine is also involved in the absorption of water and vitamins B and K before feces leave the body. The final function of the digestive system is the excretion of waste in a process known as defecation. Defecation removes indigestible substances from the body so that they do not accumulate inside the gut. The timing of defecation is controlled voluntarily by the conscious part of the brain, but must be accomplished on a regular basis to prevent a backup of indigestible materials. Figure 1 Diagram of the digestion system When food enters the duodenum, the pancreas releases enzymes to help break down fat, protein and carbohydrate (Enzymeesentials, 2016). The gall bladder releases bile, which has been produced by the liver, to help further break fats down into a form that can be absorbed by the intestines. The small intestine is lined with villi, which provide a large surface area enabling the absorption of nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, into the bloodstream (Pickering, 2002). The small intestine also plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels. The small intestine contains a number of receptive cells which detect the presence of macronutrients and secrete hormones which instructs the pancreas on how much insulin and glucagon to release. Gluten sensitivity or intolerance is a condition that causes a person to respond after ingesting gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. The symptoms can vary and can include gastrointestinal problems, joint pain, fatigue, and depression. These can also be very similar to the condition celiac disease. A further test can be carried out to identify which is the correct diagnosis (Gluten-free living, 2016). Figure 1: Role of Nutrients of the Body Carbohydrates Examples Diagram of structure with name Description of structure Role in the body Examples Starch Glucose Cellulose Figure 2 Carbohydrates Glucose Monosaccharide: Known as Simple sugar Disaccharide: Are also called double sugar, any substance that is composed of two molecules of simple sugars linked to each other. Disaccharides are crystalline water-soluble compounds. Starch: A starch molecule is a polysaccharide assembled from the simple sugar glucose; it can contain large amounts varying from five hundred to several hundred thousand glucose molecules joined by covalent bonds into a single structure. Carbohydrates are a source of energy for the body. They can be converted more readily into glucose, the form of sugar that’s transported and used by the body. Cooking starch-containing items result in the hydration of starch molecules and the swelling of starch granules, increasing the rate and enhancing the enzymatic breakdown of starch. Amylases also convert starch to glucose. Proteins Examples Enzymes Antibodies Hormones Collagen Keratin Cell Receptors Figure 3 Proteins (Analitik, 2016) Amino Acid, R Group Amino-acid: Always contain Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and can also carry sulphur. These are used in protein synthesis. Primary structure: Secondary structure: Tertiary structure: Quaternary structure: Lipids Examples Figure 4 Lipids (Info-please, 2016) Lipid Lipid: Phospholipid: There are two classes of phospholipids. The first are the glycerophospholipids, which are themselves subdivided into two groups. Phosphatides are molecules composed of glycerol substituted with two fatty acid esters. Three alcohols that form phosphatides are choline, ethanolamine, and serine. The second are sphingolipids (Mandal. 2014). Sphingolipids have a long-chain or sphingoid base, such as sphingosine, to which a fatty acid is connected by an amide bond. Sphingomyelin is one of the most copious sphingolipids in animal tissues. Sphingomyelin is a significant building block of membranes Steroid: Bibliography

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The Digestive System in the Human Body Essay

Introduction, the stomach, large intestines, small intestines, works cited.

Human biology is a field in biology that deals with nutrition, anthropology, and medicine. The body of a human being contains a digestive system that deals with the digestion and absorption of food nutrients into the body. The stomach, small intestines, and large intestines are part of the digestive system. All of them are located at different positions in the body and have different functions and structures.

The stomach is an organ of digestion located between the esophagus and the duodenum on the left upper part of the abdominal cavity. It is a muscular, elastic pear-shaped bag lying just below the diaphragm. It is made up of five layers. The innermost layer is referred to as mucosa. The four sections of the stomach are the fundus, cardia, body, and pylorus. It is involved in the second phase of digestion after chewing. It secretes enzymes that help in the digestion of proteins. It also secretes some acids that help in the digestion of food. The major secretions are hydrochloric acid and protease enzymes. The work of hydrochloric acid is to kill any bacteria that may be in the food and provide an acidic pH that allows proteases to work effectively (Chiras 95).

The large intestines of the human body are located between the ileocecal junction and the rectum. They are about one and a half meters long and two and a half centimeters wide. The major parts of the large intestines are the caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal (Tortora and Grabowski 46). The large intestines receive food contents and fluids from the small intestines. The large intestines help in the re-absorption of water into the body system. The water absorbed is used to maintain the fluid balance of the body. Some vitamins that are created by the bacteria in the large intestines are also absorbed. They also help in the transport of waste products in form of stool out of the body.

The small intestines are located between the stomach and the large intestines. Specifically, they start at the pyloric sphincter and end at the ileocaecal valve. They are narrow and long to allow digestion and absorption of food. The standard length of the small intestines in an adult human being is five meters but they may be shorter or longer. The three parts of the small intestines are the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (Tortora and Grabowski 49). The majority of digestion and absorption of food takes place in the small intestines. Chemical digestion takes place in the small intestines where many enzymes that facilitate digestion are secreted. In the small intestines, proteins and peptides are digested into amino acids. Lipase enzymes are used to degrade fats into glycerol and fatty acids. Some carbohydrates are also digested in the stomach to form simple sugars. The process of absorption takes place where food nutrients are diffused into the bloodstream. The small intestines have many villi that have networks of capillaries to help indigestion. Monosaccharides, amino acids, water, iron, and many others are absorbed here.

The digestive system in the human body mainly deals with digestion and absorption of food nutrients and fluids. The stomach is located between the esophagus and the duodenum and helps in the digestion of partially chewed food. The large intestines are located between the ileocecal junction and the rectum. They help in the absorption of water, some nutrients, and the excretion of wastes out of the body. The small intestines are located between the pyloric sphincter and the ileocaecal valve. They help in the digestion of food and absorption of food nutrients into the bloodstream.

Chiras, Daniel. Human Biology. Sixth Edition. London: Jones and Bartlett Punishers, 2009. Print.

Tortora, Gerald and Grabowski, Sandra. Introduction to the human body: the essentials of anatomy and physiology. Volume 1. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2004. Print.

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 What is the Digestive System?

 What is the digestive system people ask? To me the digestive system is fascinating and it has really interests me. The digestive system involves the breakdown if food into liquids. It is known as the GI tract. The digestive system is important because your body needs nutrients from the food to stay healthy. The system breaks down the nutrients from the food you eat to small components to store energy, help you grow, and repair any broken down parts.

        Proteins are turned into amino acids, fats break are turned fatty acids and glycerol, and carbohydrates broken down into simple sugars. Each part of the digestive system helps move and break down food into smaller parts. Once the food is broken down into smaller parts, the nutrients can be removed from the mixtures and used for the body. There are many different parts to the system including, mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancrea, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and large intestine. All of these elements work together transporting your food throughout the GI tract to complete the process of breaking down food.

        First the food goes to your mouth which chews the food. The salivary glands in your mouth make saliva which moistens your food so it can easily move down your esophagus. After you swallow, peristalsis pushes down the food you swallowed through the esophagus into your stomach. In your stomach there is an acid called gastric juice that breaks down the food. The strong muscles in your stomach mix food with the gastric juice that helps break down the food to make it chyme, the chyme then is transferred to your small intestine. The pancreas makes a digestive juice that contains enzymes that break down carbs, fats, and proteins. The then pancreas delivers juice to the small intestine through tubes called ducts.

        The liver makes another juice that is called bile. Bile helps absorb fats and break down some vitamins. The liver then transports the mixture to the gallbladder for storage is not used, or the small intestine for use. The gallbladder is used to store bile from the liver between meals. When you eat, the gallbladder delivers the mixtures into the small intestine for use. The small intestines mixture contains bile and pancreatic juice to complete breakdown of food. It moves water from the bloodstream to help break down. It also absorbs water for other nutrients and for the use of the food. Then the food goes to the large intestine. The bacteria helps break down remaining nutrients. Parts that are still not used, go to waste.

        As you can see the digestive system is very complex and the food you eat goes through a lot to get all the nutrients and vitamins out if it to become useful for the body. It is truly fascinating to see what it has to go through to become useful for the body.  When I was in 7th grade I first learned about the body and that bugun my interest. I really became very interested when my teacher was talking about the digestive system, it really caught my attention about how the body works.

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Home — Essay Samples — Nursing & Health — Digestive System — Complementarity of Structure & Function in the Digestive System

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Complementarity of Structure & Function in The Digestive System

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Published: Jan 30, 2024

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Table of contents

Overview of the digestive system, structure-function relationship in the digestive system, interdependency between structure and function.

  • Alberts, Bruce. "Molecular Biology of the Cell." Garland Science, 2002.
  • Goodman, Craig. "Medical Physiology: A Cellular and Molecular Approach." Elsevier, 2020.
  • Hollins, Martin. "Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology." Routledge, 2018.

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Digestive System College Essays Samples For Students

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Human digestive system is distinctively different from herbivores and carnivores. Herbivores normally have longer digestive system compared to human and herbivores have digestive anatomy and bacteria symbiosis that allow them to digest cellulose from plant materials. Cellulose digestion in herbivores is assisted by bacteria in the rumen (partitioned stomach) or in the cecum (hindgut fermentation) in the case of cows and horses respectively. Carnivores have shorter digestive system compared to human, as carnivore’s nutrition comes from meat that can readily be broken down by enzymes into protein and amino acids.

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  1. Essay on the Digestive System (For Students)

    1. Alimentary Canal: This is also known as digestive tract or gastrointestinal tract. It is a long tube of varying diameter which begins at the mouth and ends at the anus. The length of this tube is about 8-9 meters. It opens at both the ends. The alimentary canal starts at the mouth into which cavity, the glands of the mouth pour the juice.

  2. The human digestive system

    The system consists of the primary organs; the mouth, the esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine, the rectum, and the anus, as well as the secondary organs; the liver, the salivary glands, the gallbladder and the pancreas. Get Help With Your Essay

  3. Essay Examples on Digestive System

    1 An Introduction to The Analysis of The Digestive System 4 pages / 1843 words The Digestive System When you enter the body through the brain, you come across the first component of the digestive system—the hypothalamus—a section of the brain the size of an almond.

  4. Human digestive system

    Structures and functions of the human digestive system. The abdominal organs are supported and protected by the bones of the pelvis and ribcage and are covered by the greater omentum, a fold of peritoneum that consists mainly of fat. The digestive tract begins at the lips and ends at the anus. It consists of the mouth, or oral cavity, with its ...

  5. Human Digestion

    The most important organs of the human digestive system are mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine and anus (Grosvenor & Smolin, 2012). Food travels through the digestive system and each organ contributes to rendering food into molecules or nutrients.

  6. Digestive System of Human Body

    Digestive System of Human Body - 1693 Words | Essay Example > Free Essays > Health & Medicine > Healthy Nutrition Digestive System of Human Body Essay Exclusively available on IvyPanda In order to study the digestive system of the human body thoroughly, it is necessary to understand where each part of the system is located.

  7. The Digestive System and Its Functions

    The digestive system includes the following: the oral cavity with organs located in it and the adjacent large salivary glands; pharynx; esophagus; stomach; small and large intestine; liver; pancreas (Rogers 15).

  8. Organs of Digestive system: [Essay Example], 1435 words

    Mouth. The mouth chews the food using the teeth to tear, chew and grind the food. The tongue has skeletal muscles (involuntary muscles) that move the food around the mouth for efficient mechanical digestion. Salivary glands beneath and in the back of the tongue secrete saliva which allows for easier swallowing to begin chemical digestion.

  9. An Introduction to the Analysis of the Digestive System: [Essay Example

    An Introduction to the Analysis of the Digestive System: [Essay Example], 1843 words GradesFixer Home — Essay Samples — Nursing & Health — Digestive System An Introduction to The Analysis of The Digestive System Categories: Digestive System Words: 1843 | Pages: 4 | 10 min read Published: Dec 11, 2018 Table of contents The Digestive System

  10. Human Digestive System

    The digestive system of the human body is the sum of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT; also called alimentary canal) and accessory organs (tongue, liver, pancreas, etc.). These two parts together help in the digestion process. The alimentary canal is the long tube through which the food that we eat is passed.

  11. Digestive System Essays: Examples, Topics, & Outlines

    The organs that are part of the digestive system include the mouth, the esophagus, the stomach, the small and large intestines (the large intestine is also called the "colon"), the rectum and the anus (NIH, p. 1). The digestive system is one of the most important parts of the human body because food intake is…. Works Cited Read More

  12. Digestive system

    Starch is digested in two steps: The first is an enzyme in the saliva and pancreatic fluid breaks the starch into molecules called maltose; The second is when an enzyme in the lining of the small intestine (maltase) splits the maltose into glucose molecules that can be absorbed into the blood.

  13. The Digestive System Essay Example [779 Words]

    Download Text Sources The gastrointestinal system is one of the critical systems found in the human body. The gastrointestinal structure consists of a set of organs which labor collectively to transform food into energy and nourishment for the body.

  14. Digestive System Essay

    Digestive System Essay Digestive System Essay Sort By: Page 1 of 50 - About 500 essays Digestive System Of The Digestive System Digestive System After dissecting the rat, we learned that the rat's body has many complex systems.

  15. The Digestive System in the Human Body

    The Digestive System in the Human Body - 613 Words | Essay Example > Free Essays > Sciences > Biology The Digestive System in the Human Body Essay Exclusively available on IvyPanda Table of Contents Introduction Human biology is a field in biology that deals with nutrition, anthropology, and medicine.

  16. Digestive Essay 1000 Words

    Unit 1, Question 1 - Achieved. The Certain factors in Hubert 1251285 995 Unit 7 human digestive system and nutrtion The structure and functions of the digestive system. The function of the digestive system is digestion and absorption. Food is broken down into small molecules which are then absorbed into the body.

  17. Essay on Diseases of Digestive System

    Scurvy is a disease that happens when the person lack of vitamin C. It can happen at any age but it would be seen more present at an older age or with people who have mental disorders. The main cause of getting scurvy is that It usually occurs because the patient is not getting the right amount of vitamin C within their body.

  18. Digestion

    The first stage of the digestion system begins from your mouth.First of all, when you bite into the food (s), your front teeth tears it apart and the back teeth crush and grinds the food.The tongue rolls the food into a ball.Next, saliva that is released from the glands, moisten the the bolus and breaks it into some nutrients.Then, once it reach...

  19. What Is The Digestive System?

    The digestive system is important because your body needs nutrients from the food to stay healthy. The system breaks down the nutrients from the food you eat to small components to store energy, help you grow, and repair any broken down parts. Proteins are turned into amino acids, fats break are turned fatty acids and glycerol, and ...

  20. Complementarity of Structure & Function in the Digestive System: [Essay

    Overview of the Digestive System. The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food into nutrients that the body can use. It consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, each with its own specific function to facilitate the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Structure-Function Relationship in the ...

  21. Digestive System Essay Examples

    Example Of Essay On Digestive System Type of paper: Essay Topic: Diagnosis, Human, Body, Treatment, Food, Patient, Dentistry, Medicine Pages: 7 Words: 1900 Published: 03/01/2020 ORDER PAPER LIKE THIS Exercise 1 - The columnar epithelium from the stomach resembles the columnar epithelium from the duodenum in many aspects.

  22. Digestive System College Essay Examples That Really Inspire

    113 samples of this type No matter how high you rate your writing skills, it's always a good idea to check out an expertly written College Essay example, especially when you're dealing with a sophisticated Digestive System topic. This is exactly the case when WowEssays.com database of sample College Essays on Digestive System will come in useful.

  23. Digestive System Essay Examples

    The digestive system plays major role in how fit and well you feel about yourself. It is a major part of your body. The digestion process removes the waste from body and absorbs nutrients you need. With today's lifestyle of irregular sleeping hours, irregular eating habits, eating excessive junk and processed food, chemicals in packed...