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DEPARTMENT ORDER NO. 198 Series of 2018

Jan 01, 2020

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DEPARTMENT ORDER NO. 198 Series of 2018. “IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11058 ENTITLED “AN ACT STRENGTHENING COMPLIANCE WITH OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS THEREOF”. BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS

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DEPARTMENT ORDER NO. 198 Series of 2018 “IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11058 ENTITLED “AN ACT STRENGTHENING COMPLIANCE WITH OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS THEREOF” BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS Department of Labor and Employment

EFFECTIVITY Signed : 06 December 2018 Published : 09 January 2019 (Philippine Star) Effective : 24 January 2019

COVERAGE • It shall apply to all establishments, projects and sites and all other places where work is being undertaken in all branches of economic activity, including: • Establishments located inside special economic zones and other investment promotion agencies (e.g., Philippine Economic Zone Authority [PEZA], Clark Development Corporation [CDC]); • Utilities engaged in air, sea, and land transportation; • Industries such as mining, fishing, construction, agriculture, and maritime; • Contractors and subcontractors including those engaged in the projects of the public sector. NOTE: The Rules does not apply to the public sector such as national government agencies, government-owned and controlled corporations with original charters, government financial institutions, state universities and colleges and local government units

DEFINITION OF TERMS Covered Workplaces– establishments, projects, sites and all other places where work is being undertaken wherein the number of employees, nature of operations and risk or hazard involved in the business as determined by the Secretary of Labor and Employment, require compliance with the provisions of DO 198-18. Certified first-aider– any person trained and duly certified to administer first aid by the Philippine Red Cross (PRC) or any organization authorized by the DOLE Secretary.

DEFINITION OF TERMS Equipment– any machine with engine or electric motor as prime mover. Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) - Accredited Training Organizations – refer to those which have been granted accreditation by DOLE pursuant to Department Order No. 16, s. 2001. Employer– any person, natural or juridical, including the contractor, subcontractor, and principal employer who directly or indirectly benefit from the services of the employee. General safety and health inspection– an examination of the work environment, including the location and operation of machinery other than those covered by technical safety audits, ventilation, and other possible sources of safety and health hazards.

DEFINITION OF TERMS High risk establishment – refers to a workplace wherein the presence of hazard or potential hazard within the company may affect the safety and/or health of workers The following are workplaces commonly associated with potentially high-risk activities: Chemical works and chemical production plants; Construction; Deep sea fishing; Explosives and pyrotechnics factories; Firefighting; Healthcare facilities; Installation of communication accessories, towers and cables; LPG filling, refilling, storage and distribution; Mining; Petrochemical works and refineries; Power generation, transmission and distribution in the energy sector; Storage and distribution center for toxic or hazardous chemicals; Storage of fertilizers in high volume; Transportation; Water supply, sewerage, waste management, remediation activities; Works in which chlorine is used in bulk; and Activities closely similar to those enumerated above and other activities as determined by DOLE in accordance with existing issuances on the classification of establishments.

DEFINITION OF TERMS Medium risk establishment – a workplace where there is moderate exposure to safety and health hazards and with probability of an accident, injury or illness. Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) – establishments employing less than 10 employees and the establishments employing less than 100 employees, respectively, regardless of capitalization. Imminent danger– a situation caused by a condition or practice in any place of employment that could reasonably be expected to lead to death or serious physical harm. Low risk establishment – a workplace where there is low level of danger or exposure to safety and health hazards and not likely or with low probability to result in accident, harm or illness.

DEFINITION OF TERMS Occupational Health Personnel – a qualified first-aider, nurse, dentist or physician engaged by the employer to provide occupational health services in the establishment, project, site or workplace. Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Consultant – a qualified Safety Officer 4 or its equivalent, duly certified by DOLE to perform and/or render consultative services on OSH in at least 2 fields of specialization as determined by DOLE. Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Practitioner – a qualified Safety Officer 3 or its equivalent, duly certified by DOLE to render occupational safety and health services in a defined and specific scope or core competency. Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) standards – a set of rules issued by DOLE which mandates the adoption and use of appropriate practices, means, methods, operations or processes, and working conditions to ensure safe and healthful employment.

DEFINITION OF TERMS Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – a specialized clothing or equipment designed to protect workers against safety and health hazards that may cause serious workplace injuries and illnesses. Safety and Health Committee – a body created within the workplace tasked with the authority to plan, develop and implement OSH policies and programs, monitor and evaluate the OSH program, and inspect and investigate all aspects of the work pertaining to safety and health of workers. Safety and Health program – a set of detailed rules to govern company policies, processes and practices in all economic activities to conform with OSH standards.

DEFINITION OF TERMS Safety Officer 2 (SO2) – an employee who has completed the mandatory forty 40-hour OSH training course applicable to the industry as prescribed in the OSH standards. • Safety Officer 3 (SO3) • 40-hour OSH training course applicable to the industry • additional 48 hours of advanced/ specialized OSH training course • at least 2 years experience in OSH. Safety Officer – any employee or officer of the company trained by DOLE or DOLE-Accredited Training Organization and tasked by the employer to implement an OSH program. Safety Officer 1 (SO1) – an employee who has completed the mandatory 8-hour OSH orientation course as prescribed in the OSH standards and 2-hour trainer’s training.

DEFINITION OF TERMS • Safety Officer 4 (SO4) • 4o-hour OSH training course • 80 hours of advanced/ specialized Occupational Safety training course • aggregate of 320 hours of OSH related training or experience Worker – any member of the labor force, regardless of employment status Safety Signage – any emergency, warning or danger signpost using the standard colors and sizes, including the standard symbols for safety instructions and warnings in the workplace Workers’ OSH Seminar – the mandatory 8-hour module conducted by the safety officer of the workplace as prescribed by the OSH standards

DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS • Equip a place of employment for workers free from hazardous conditions that are causing or are likely to cause death, illness, or physical harm • Ensure that the chemical, physical and biological substances and agents, and ergonomic and psychosocial stresses under control are without risk to health • Comply with OSHS including training, medical examination, and where necessary, provisions on protective and safety devices such as PPE and machine guards

DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS • Provide, where necessary, for measures identifying trainings and drills, evacuation plans, etc. to deal with emergencies, fires and accidents including first-aid arrangements • Comply with all reportorial requirements of the OSH standards • Register establishment to DOLE as provided under rule 1020 of the OSH standards

DUTIES OF WORKERS • Participate in capacity building activities on safety and health and other OSH related topics and programs; • Proper use of all safeguards and safety devices furnished for workers’ protection and that of others • Comply with instructions to prevent accidents or imminent danger situations in the workplace • Observe prescribed steps to be taken in cases of emergency • Report to their immediate supervisor any work hazard that may be discovered in the workplace.

WORKERS’ RIGHT TO REFUSE UNSAFE WORK • The worker has the right of refusal to work without threat or reprisal from the employer if, as determined by DOLE, an imminent danger situation exists. • As a preventive measure, the safety officer may, following his/her own determination and without fear of reprisal, implement a work stoppage or suspend operations in cases of imminent danger. • The employer or safety officer cannot require the workers to return to work where there is a continuing imminent danger.

WORKERS’ RIGHT TO REPORT ACCIDENTS • Workers and their representatives shall have the right to report accidents, dangerous occurrences, and hazards to the employer, to DOLE and to other concerned competent government agencies. • Reporting of accidents to DOLE may be made through any means of communication, including the DOLE hotline, whichever is most convenient to the worker. The same may be reported to the nearest DOLE Regional, Field, Provincial or Satellite Office having jurisdiction over the place of the incident.

WORKERS’ RIGHT TOPERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) Every employer, contractor or subcontractor, if any, shall provide his/her workers, FREE OF CHARGE, PPE for any part of the body that may be exposed to hazards of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact.

SAFETY SIGNAGE AND DEVICES All establishments, projects, sites and all other places where work is being undertaken shall have safety signage and devices to warn the workers and the public of the hazards in the workplace. Safety signage and devices shall be posted in prominent positions at strategic locations in a language understandable to all.

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM Covered workplaces shall develop and implement a suitable OSH program in a format prescribed by DOLE which shall be posted in prominent places. The DOLE shall prescribe a format that should be accomplished fully by the employer, contractor or subcontractor, if any, in consultation with the workers and their representatives. The OSH program shall be communicated and be made readily available to all persons in the workplace. It shall be updated periodically whenever the DOLE, other regulatory or government agencies and institutions promulgate new rules, guidelines and other issuances related to workers’ safety and health.

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM • The establishment shall submit a copy of the OSH program to the DOLE Regional, Provincial, Field or Satellite Office having jurisdiction over the workplace. • A duly signed company commitment to comply OSH requirements together with the company OSH program using the prescribed template shall be considered approved upon submission EXCEPT for Construction Safety and Health Program which shall need approval by DOLE prior to construction. • OSH programs in the pre-approved template may be modified by DOLE as necessary based on existing laws, rules and regulations, and other issuances or upon validation of the program during inspection. • The company shall review and evaluate the OSH program at least once a year or as necessary, to ensure that its objectives are met towards an improved safety and health performance.

SAFETY OFFICER In the implementation of OSH program, safety officers shall be employed or designated with the following duties and responsibilities: • Oversee the overall management of the OSH program in coordination with the OSH committee; • Frequently monitor and inspect any health or safety aspect of the operation • Assist government inspectors in the conduct of safety and health inspection at any time whenever work is being performed • Issue Work Stoppage Order (WSO) when necessary based on the requirements and procedures provided by the OSH standards

SAFETY OFFICER Safety officer/s of all workplace must possess the necessary training and experience requirement according to its category as contained herein. The respective qualifications of safety officers are as follows:

SAFETY OFFICER The number and qualification of safety officers shall be proportionate to the total number of workers and equipment, size of work area, classification of the workplace and such other criteria as required by the OSH standards. The number and qualification of safety officers shall be proportionate to the total number of workers and equipment, size of work area, classification of the workplace and such other criteria as required by the OSH standards.

SAFETY OFFICER The safety officer shall be required to undergo the prescribed DOLE-BOSH training orientation or course, advanced OH training courses, and/or other OSH related training or learning as necessary in the effective performance of its duties and responsibilities. Safety officers engaged in micro and small establishments, low to medium risk, shall be engaged in safety programs including other tasks designated to him/her by his/her employer. In the case of a contractor or subcontractor, at least 1 safety officer must be deployed at each specific area of operations to oversee the management of the OSH program of its own workforce.

SAFETY OFFICER Minimum classification and number of safety officer for all covered workplaces shall be as follows: The engagement of the services of a certified OSH consultant (SO4) shall be allowed for a period not longer than 1 year for establishments whose designated safety officer has to be trained or is in the process of completing the prescribed training courses and relevant experience.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES The number of health personnel, which may be classified as full time (FT) or part-time (PT), equipment and facilities, and the amount of supplies shall be proportionate to the total number of workers and the risk or hazard involved in the workplace, the ideal ratio of which shall be as follows: Covered workplaces shall have qualified occupational health personnel such as certified first-aiders, nurses, dentists, and physicians duly complemented with the required medical supplies, equipment and facilities.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES Every employer covered by this Rules shall provide his/her workers medical services and facilities and shall not be an excuse by employer from maintaining in his/her workplace a first aid treatment room or clinic for workers which shall be as follows:

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES The employer may not establish a hospital or dental clinic in the workplace where there is a hospital or dental clinic which is located not more than five (5) kilometers away from the workplace, accessible in not more than twenty-five (25) minutes travel time, and the employer has facilities readily available for transporting workers to the hospital or dental clinic in cases of emergency. For this purpose, the employer shall enter into a written contract with the hospital for the use of such hospital for the treatment of workers in cases of emergency.

SAFETY AND HEALTH TRAINING All safety and health personnel shall undergo the mandatory orientation or training on OSH as prescribed by DOLE. The following are the minimum prescribed training or orientation for all safety and health personnel:

SAFETY AND HEALTH TRAINING All workers shall undergo the mandatory workers’ OSH seminar as prescribed by DOLE which shall be jointly participated by workers and employers. Standardized training module for safety and health personnel shall be implemented and updated regularly as necessary. The mandatory workers’ OSH seminar may be conducted by the safety officer of the establishment or any certified OSH practitioner or consultant.

SAFETY AND HEALTH TRAINING The workers’ OSH seminar and other trainings/orientations as required by the employer and by any law shall be at no cost on the worker and considered as compensable working time. All personnel engaged in the operation, erection and dismantling of equipment and scaffolds, structural erections, excavations, blasting operations, demolition, confined spaces, hazardous chemicals, welding, and flame cutting shall undergo specialized instruction and training on said activities. Such training shall include, among others, topics on safety and specialized PPE requirements for said high-risk work activities, including the use, application and handling of the same, which can be provided by DOLE, DOLE-Accredited Training Organizations or the PPE manufacturers.

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REPORTS • All employers, contractors or subcontractors, if any, shall submit to DOLE all safety and health reports, and notifications such as but not limited to : • annual medical report (AMR), • OSH committee report • employer’s work accident/injury report (WAIR), and • annual work accident/injury exposure data report (AEDR).

WORKERS’ WELFARE FACILITIES All establishments, projects, sites and all other places where work is being undertaken shall have the following free welfare facilities in order to ensure humane working conditions: Adequate supply of safe drinking water; Adequate sanitary and washing facilities; Suitable living accommodation for workers, as may be applicable such as in construction, shipping, fishing and night workers; Separate sanitary, washing and sleeping facilities for all gender, as may be applicable; Lactation station except those establishments as provided for under DOLE Department Order No. 143-15; Ramps, railings and the like; and Other workers’ welfare facilities as may be prescribed by the OSH standards and other issuances.

ALL OTHER OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS All employers, contractors or subcontractors, if any, shall comply with other occupational safety and health standards as provided for in the 1978 DOLE Occupational Safety and Health Standards, as amended.

COST OF SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM The total cost of implementing a duly approved OSH program shall be an integral part of the operations cost. It shall be separate pay item in construction and in all contracting or subcontracting arrangements.

EMPLOYER’S RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY The employer, project owner, contractor, or subcontractor, if any, and any person who manages, controls or supervises the work being undertaken shall be jointly and solidarily liable for compliance with occupational safety and health standards including the penalties imposed for violation thereof as provided for in this Rules.

VISITORIAL POWER OF THE DOLE SECRETARY All matters arising from the visitorial and enforcement power of the Secretary of Labor and Employment (SecLab) or his/her duly authorized representatives shall be governed by the applicable rules on the administration and enforcement of labor laws pursuant to Article 128 of the Labor Code of the Philippines, as renumbered, and other laws. The SecLab or his/her duly authorized representatives with the appropriate inspection authority shall have the authority to enforce the mandatory OSH standards in all establishments and conduct an annual spot audit on its compliance for the same.

VISITORIAL POWER OF THE DOLE SECRETARY The conduct of annual spot audit must be attended by a safety officer and representative of the management and workers of the establishment. In the absence of the establishment’s safety officer, his duly authorized representative may attend in his stead. The SecLab or his/her duly authorized representatives may order stoppage of work or suspension of operations of any unit or department of an establishment when non-compliance to this Rules, OSH standards and other applicable laws poses grave and imminent danger to the safety and health of workers in the workplace.

VISITORIAL POWER OF THE DOLE SECRETARY The labor inspector or person authorized by DOLE to enforce compliance with this Rules, OSH standards and other applicable laws and regulations, shall present legitimate authorized identification upon request, and he/she shall only act within the authority or direction given by the SecLab or his/her duly authorized representatives. Any kind of self-assessment shall not take the place of labor inspection conducted by DOLE. However, chartered cities may be allowed to conduct industrial safety inspection of establishments within their jurisdiction in coordination with DOLE, provided that, they have adequate facilities and competent personnel for the purpose as determined by DOLE.

VISITORIAL POWER OF THE DOLE SECRETARY Department Order No. 183, Series of 2017 and the manual on execution of judgments shall govern the procedures in the conduct of inspection, mandatory conference, issuance of order and execution thereof. No person or entity shall obstruct, impede, delay or otherwise render ineffective the orders of the Secretary of Labor and Employment or the Secretary’s duly authorized representatives representatives issued pursuant to the authority granted under Article 128 of the Labor Code of the Philippines, and no lower court or entity shall issue temporary or permanent injunction or restraining order or otherwise assume jurisdiction over any case involving the enforcement orders.

INCENTIVES TO EMPLOYERS AND WORKERS There shall be established package of incentives under such rules and regulations as may be promulgated by the DOLE to qualified employers and workers to recognize their efforts towards ensuring compliance with OSH and general labor standards such as OSH training packages, additional protective equipment, technical guidance, recognition awards and other similar incentives.

PROHIBITED ACTS AND ITS CORRESPONDING PENALTIES Any willful failure or refusal of an employer, contractor or subcontractor to comply with the following OSH standards below or with a compliance order issued by the Secretary of Labor and Employment or his/her authorized representative shall be penalized of the administrative fines as follows computed on a per day basis until full compliance:

PROHIBITED ACTS AND ITS CORRESPONDING PENALTIES Failure or refusal to comply with OSH standards or compliance order shall be deemed willful when done voluntarily, deliberately and intentionally. An employer, contractor or subcontractor who is found to have repeatedly violated the same prohibited act shall be penalized of the corresponding fine plus an additional fine equivalent to fifty percent (50%) thereof for every instance of repeat violation.

PROHIBITED ACTS AND ITS CORRESPONDING PENALTIES If any of the following acts is present and there is non-compliance, the penalty of one hundred thousand pesos (₱100,000.00) administrative fine shall be imposed separate and in addition to the daily administrative fine imposed above: Repeated obstruction, delay or refusal to provide the SecLab or any of its authorized representatives access to the covered workplace or refusal to allow access to relevant records and documents necessary in determining compliance with OSH standards; Misrepresentation in relation to adherence to OSH; or Making retaliatory measures such as termination of employment, refusal to pay, reducing wages and benefits or in any manner discriminates against any worker who has given information relative to the inspection being conducted.

PROHIBITED ACTS AND ITS CORRESPONDING PENALTIES • When the violation exposes the worker to death, serious injury or serious illness, the imposable penalty shall be one hundred thousand pesos (₱100,000.00) • Should there be 2 or more be non-compliances, all penalties shall be imposed; provided that the total daily penalty shall not exceed one hundred thousand pesos (₱ 100,000.00) • The penalties shall be computed on a per day basis until full compliance reckoned from the date of the notice of violation or service of the compliance order to the employer without prejudice to the filing of a criminal or civil case in the regular courts, as the case may be. • The RD shall, after due notice and hearing, impose the appropriate administrative fines taking into consideration the damage or injury caused and risk involved including the severity and frequency of the OSH violations and size of the establishment. • Fines collected pursuant to this Rules shall be utilized for the operation of OSH initiatives incentivizing qualified employers and workers in recognition of their efforts towards ensuring compliance with OSH.

THANK YOU For inquiries, you can reach us at DOLE Hotline - 1349 [email protected] 527-3000 local 303 or 307 DOLE MAKATI PASAY FIELD OFFICE 800 – 7211 ; 772 - 8210

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The OSH Info Series on RA 11058 and DO 198-18: An Introduction Published: March 8, 2019

The OSH Info Series on RA 11058 and DO 198-18: An Introduction

January of 2019 is the start of a good year for us working in the area of OSH. The new law on OSH is now in place with the publication of DO 198-18, the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of RA 11058

As our contribution to widely spread information on this law, we staring this series especially focused on areas that would be of most interest to many in the OSH profession.

The series would be numbered for later reference.

So, let us now start with the series. And topic number  1 would be a brief introduction on the law itself.

Info Series No. 1: Getting to Know R.A. 11058

The law’s full name is, “An Act Strengthening Compliance to the Occupational Safety and Healh Standards and Providing for Penalties for Violations Thereof’.

It was signed into law by President Rodrigo Roa Duterte on August 17, 2018.

Principal author was Senator Joey Villanueva.

The law was published in Manila Bulletin on August 22, 2018.

The law gave the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) ninety days to develop its IRR.

By December 6, 2018, Secretary Bello signed the IRR two days away from the DOLE’s anniversary.

The IRR, in the form of DO 198-18, was published at the Philippine Star on January 9, 2019.

The IRR became effective on January 25, 2019, 15 days after publication from the said newspaper as per legal requirements.

The law is applicable to all establishments, project sites, and in all other places where work is being undertaken in all branches of economic activity, except the public sector.

These includes:

• Utilities engaged in air, sea, and land transportation; and
• Industries such as mining, fishing, construction, agriculture and maritime.

Workers on contractors and sub-contractors are to follow the OSH policy and program of the establishment where they are assigned.

  The public sector is the government. The Civil Service is supposed to provide OSH guidelines for government offices.

  Imminent Danger

The term, “imminent danger” have been redefined, from “a condition or practice that could reasonably be expected to cause death or serious physical harm before abatement under the enforcement procedures can be accomplished.” (Rule 1012.1, OSHS);

“ a situation caused by a condition or practice of employment that could reasonably be expected to lead to death or serious physical harm.” (Chapter II, Sec. 3, (i), D.O. 198-18 or the IRR to RA 11058).

The last part of the previous definition have been removed probably because an imminent danger can exist even before and/or without abatement under the enforcement procedures.

  In the past, evidence of imminent danger was the basis for the stoppage of operations where fatalities were reported in some establishments.

  A classic example would be the hydro pulper of a paper mill where two deaths were reported. The machine, which was installed at floor level,  was operating without the usual railing to prevent contact of workers with the machine and conveyor to push used paper materials for it to recycle.

• High Risk establishment- refers to a workplace wherein the presence of hazard or potential hazard within the company may affect the safety and/or the health of workers not only within but also persons outside the premises of the workplace. There is high level of exposures to safety and health hazards, probability of a major accident resulting to disability or death or major illness is likely to occur if no preventive or control measures are in place. Examples of such are the following:
• Chemical works and chemical production plants;
• Construction;
• Deep sea fishing;
• Explosive and pyro technic companies
• Firefighting;
• Healthcare facilities;
• Installation of communication accessories, towers and cables;
• LPG filling, refilling, storage and distribution;
• Petrochemical and biofuel works and refineries;
• Power generation, transmission, and distribution in the energy sector;
• Storage, handling, and distribution center for toxic or hazardous chemicals;
• Storage and handling of fertilizers in high volume;
• Transportation;
• Water supply, sewerage, waste management, remediation activities;
• Works in which chlorine is used in bulk; and
• Activities closely similar to those enumerated above and other activities as determined by DOLE in accordance with existing issuances on the classification of establishments.

2.Low risk establishment - a workplace where there is low level of danger or exposure to safety and health hazards and with probability of an accident, injury or illness, if no preventive or control measures are in place.

3. Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) establishments employing less than ten (10) employees, and the establishments employing less than one hundred (100) employees, regardless of capitalization.

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Home » Knowledge Base » What does DOLE Department Order No. 198 Declaration of Policy State?

What does the DOLE D.O. 198 Series of 2018 Declaration of Policy State?

Dole d.o. 198 declaration of policy.

The State affirms labor as a primary social and economic force, and that a safe and healthy workforce is an integral aspect of nation building.

The State shall ensure a safe and healthful workplace for all working people by affording them full protection against all hazards in their work environment.

It shall ensure that the provisions of the Labor Code of the Philippines, all domestic laws, and internationally-recognized standards on OSH are being fully enforced and complied with by the employers, and it shall provide penalties for any violations thereof.

It shall promote strict but dynamic, inclusive, and gender-sensitive measures in the formulation and implementation of policies and programs related to  Occupational Safety and Health .

It shall apply to all establishments, projects and sites and all other places where work is being undertaken in all branches of economic activity, including:

• Establishments located inside special economic zones and other investment promotion agencies (e.g., Philippine Economic Zone Authority [PEZA], Clark Development Corporation [CDC]);
• Utilities engaged in air, sea, and land transportation;
• Industries such as mining, fishing, construction, agriculture, and maritime
• Contractors and subcontractors including those engaged in the projects of the public sector.

It shall apply to all establishments, projects and sites and all other places where work is being undertaken in all branches of economic activity, including:  

• Establishments located inside special economic zones and other investment promotion agencies (e.g., Philippine Economic Zone Authoritiy [PEZA], Clark Development Corporation [CDC]);

Table of Contents

Source: 

Department of Labor and Employment – Bureau of Working Conditions

Department Order No. 198 Series of 2018

“Implementing Rules and Regulations Of Republic Act No. 11058 Entitled “An Act Strengthening Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Standards and Providing Penalties for Violations Thereof”

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Construction Occupational Safety &Health (COSH), is a 40-hour OSH training course prescribed by the DOLE in compliance with DO-198-18 and the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS) Rule 1030, to accredit Safety Officers.

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COSH training is the mandatory 40-hour training course required for safety officers employed in the construction industry under RA 11058 “An Act Strengthening Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS)”, its IRR DOLE Department Order No. 198, Series of 2018, and DOLE DO 13-98: Guidelines Governing Safety and Health in the Construction Industry. This training aims to equip participants with the basic knowledge and skills in performing safety audits, assessment and analysis of hazards and risks in the construction industry, determining appropriate control measures, and developing and implementing OSH policies and programs

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The Trumpification of Kristi Noem

The South Dakota governor’s new teeth are just the latest step in a very MAGA makeover.

By Vanessa Friedman

Vanessa Friedman has been chronicling the use of image as a communication device in politics since the Bush v. Gore election of 2000.

Kristi Noem, the governor of South Dakota, is readying for her national close-up. How else to interpret her recent controversial trip to Texas to “fix” her smile, documented in a lengthy video ?

You know, the one she posted on X, Facebook and Instagram, singing the praises of Smile Texas, the cosmetic dental clinic that remedied what she said had been a problem incurred long ago in an accident while bicycling with her children. The one that chronicled her journey to, she said, “a smile that I can be proud of and confident in.”

The result seemed so much like a promotional infomercial that Travelers United, a consumer advocacy group, is suing Ms. Noem for misleading advertising, claiming she was effectively acting as a travel influencer. Vanity Fair wrote that the whole exercise was “blowing up in her face.”

Except for one thing. The teeth story is about a lot more than teeth.

As the race to be Donald J. Trump’s running mate heats up, Ms. Noem’s new smile reflects a tactical move that has as much to do with politics and psychology as it does with appearance.

“It’s all about her appeal to an audience of one,” Ron Bonjean, a Republican strategist, said. “The whole teeth thing almost looks like it was done for Trump to see. She is showing him she works well in front of the camera, that she has that star power he wants onstage with him, while fitting into the mode of women in the Trump universe.”

Mr. Trump was, after all, the president who often identified his staff members, especially members of the military, as coming from “central casting .” He now dresses almost entirely in the colors of the American flag. He reportedly liked women to “dress like women ” — and, as Richard Thompson Ford, a law professor at Stanford University and the author of “Dress Codes: How the Laws of Fashion Made History,” said, “We know what that means to him.” It is reflected in the profile of almost every woman in the Trump orbit, including his family members and his former press secretary Kayleigh McEnany.

In this, Ms. Noem’s dental upgrade is simply the most recent step in what appears to be a yearslong makeover that has transformed her, more than any other woman on Mr. Trump’s shortlist, into what Samantha N. Sheppard, a professor of cinema and media studies at Cornell University, called “the perfect ornament for Trump.” Even beyond her popularity and credentials as a governor, and her MAGA platform, she offers an example of a certain kind of “Miss America-like white femininity,” Ms. Sheppard said, also reflected in Fox News anchors and that involves cascading hair, extensive eyelashes and a blinding smile.

How does Mr. Trump know she’s part of his team? All he has to do is look.

The story is told in the imagery. Back in 2010, when she was first running for Congress, Ms. Noem had a haircut that looked like a cross between “the Rachel,” the layered, straightened haircut Jennifer Aniston made famous on “Friends,” and the power bob favored by Hillary Clinton and Nancy Pelosi. When she won re-election in 2012, she had chopped it into a short look that Ms. Sheppard compared to the signature haircut of Kate Gosselin from “Jon & Kate Plus 8,” albeit slightly more corporatized.

After Mr. Trump won the presidency and the MAGA movement took off, Ms. Noem adopted a new look. Her hair got longer and longer, with tousled waves kissed by the curling iron, her part moved to the center. She began to resemble a doppelgänger for Kimberly Guilfoyle, Donald Trump Jr.’s fiancée. Or a dark-haired version of Lara Trump, Eric Trump’s wife and the new co-chair of the Republican National Committee. Even Ms. Noem’s clothes changed, from the khaki shirtdress she wore to CPAC in 2011 to the bright blue sheath she chose for her State of the State address this year.

There is no better example of her transformation than the cover photo on her new book , “No Going Back: The Truth on What’s Wrong with Politics and How We Move America Forward,” which features a portrait of Ms. Noem with lips glossed, eyelashes thick and one hand seemingly playing with her wavy locks as she sits in her desk chair in a blazer and dress before the American flag.

“She practically looks like a member of the Trump family,” Mr. Bonjean said. “Maybe a cousin.”

And while her Trumpification could be a coincidence, Ms. Noem has revealed herself to be sensitive to the effects and uses of costuming, as seen in recent ads in which she dressed up as a dental hygienist, an electrician and a highway patrolman, the better to convey the idea that “South Dakota is hiring.” (“We have over 20,000 open jobs,” she says in one ad. Plus no individual income tax!)

“It’s absolutely strategic,” Mr. Ford said. Ms. Noem is “signaling that she’s going to be Trump’s kind of woman. And, at the same time, that she isn’t going to challenge him.”

This approach to political image-making has its roots in the pantomimed femininity of Phyllis Schlafly and Sarah Palin, where the promise of a powerful woman was defanged by her participation in the pageantry of traditional gender cosplay.

The teeth simply finish the picture, as does the fact that Ms. Noem used the opportunity to talk up the dentist who did the procedure. If anyone would recognize the value of using power to push product it is Mr. Trump himself. And perhaps, in doing so, recognize a kindred spirit.

The governor may sell herself in part as a grass-roots cowgirl, but Ms. Noem is speaking Mr. Trump’s language, proving that she belongs and that she is all in with his vision. That she is going to “get in line and stay in line,” Ms. Sheppard said. “That she knows how to conduct herself and be who he needs her to be.”

In any case, he has clearly noticed. A few days after the tooth news broke, Ms. Noem joined Mr. Trump at a rally for the Senate candidate Bernie Moreno in Vandalia, Ohio. After she spoke — they were wearing matching MAGA hats — Mr. Trump announced : “You’re not allowed to say it, so I will not. You’re not allowed to say she’s beautiful, so I’m not going to say it.”

What could she do but smile?

Vanessa Friedman has been the fashion director and chief fashion critic for The Times since 2014. More about Vanessa Friedman

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What is Good Friday? What the holy day means for Christians around the world

Christians around the world observe Good Friday two days before Easter, but what is it, and why do they commemorate the holy day?

The holiday is part of Holy Week, which leads up to Easter Sunday. Palm Sunday kicks off the series of Christian holy days that commemorate the Crucifixion and celebrate Jesus Christ's resurrection.

"Good Friday has been, for centuries now, the heart of the Christian message because it is through the death of Jesus Christ that Christians believe that we have been forgiven of our sins," Daniel Alvarez, an associate teaching professor of religious studies at Florida International University, told USA TODAY.

What is Holy Saturday? What the day before Easter means for Christians around the world

When is Good Friday?

Good Friday is always the Friday before Easter. It's the second-to-last day of Holy Week.

In 2024, Good Friday will fall on March 29.

What is Good Friday?

Good Friday is the day Christ was sacrificed on the cross. According to Britannica , it is a day for "sorrow, penance, and fasting."

"Good Friday is part of something else," Gabriel Radle, an assistant professor of theology at the University of Notre Dame, previously told USA TODAY. "It's its own thing, but it's also part of something bigger."

Are Good Friday and Passover related?

Alvarez says that Good Friday is directly related to the Jewish holiday, Passover.

Passover , or Pesach, is a major Jewish holiday that celebrates the Israelites’ exodus from Egypt.

"The whole Christian idea of atoning for sin, that Jesus is our atonement, is strictly derived from the Jewish Passover tradition," said Alvarez.

How is that possible?

According to the professor, Passover celebrates the day the "Angel of Death" passed over the homes of Israelites who were enslaved by the Egyptians. He said that the Bible states when the exodus happened, families were told to paint their doors with lamb's blood so that God would spare the lives of their firstborn sons.

Alvarez says this is why Christians call Jesus the "lamb of God." He adds that the symbolism of the "blood of the lamb" ties the two stories together and is why Christians believe God sacrificed his firstborn son. Because, through his blood, humanity is protected from the "wrath of a righteous God that cannot tolerate sin."

He adds that the stories of the exodus and the Crucifixion not only further tie the stories together but also emphasize just how powerful the sacrifice of the firstborn and the shedding of blood are in religion.

"Jesus is the firstborn, so the whole idea of the death of the firstborn is crucial," said Alvarez.

He adds that the sacrifice of the firstborn, specifically a firstborn son, comes from an ancient and "primitive" idea that the sacrifice unleashes "tremendous power that is able to fend off any kind of force, including the wrath of God."

Why Is Good Friday so somber?

Alavarez says people might think this holiday is more depressing or sad than others because of how Catholics commemorate the Crucifixion.

"I think [it's] to a level that some people might think is morbid," said Alvarez.

He said Catholics not only meditate on Jesus' death, but primarily focus on the suffering he faced in the events that led up to his Crucifixion. That's what makes it such a mournful day for people.

But, the professor says that Jesus' suffering in crucial to Christianity as a whole.

"The suffering of Christ is central to the four Gospels," said Alvarez. "Everything else is incidental."

According to the professor, statues that use blood to emphasize the way Jesus and Catholic saints suffered is very common in Spanish and Hispanic Countries, but not as prevalent in American churches.

Do you fast on Good Friday?

Father Dustin Dought, the executive director of the Secretariat of Divine Worship of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, previously told USA TODAY that Good Friday and Ash Wednesday are the two days in the year that Roman Catholics are obliged to fast.

"This practice is a way of emptying ourselves so that we can be filled with God," said Dought.

What do you eat on Good Friday?

Many Catholics do not eat meat on any Friday during Lent. Anything with flesh is off-limits. Dought says this practice is to honor the way Jesus sacrificed his flesh on Good Friday.

Meat that is off limits includes:

Instead, many Catholics will eat fish. According to the Marine Stewardship Council , this is allowed because fish is considered to be a different type of flesh.

Contributing: Jordan Mendoza ; USA TODAY

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Biden holds record-breaking New York City fundraiser with Barack Obama and Bill Clinton

By Aaron Navarro , Jordan Freiman

Updated on: March 29, 2024 / 6:54 AM EDT / CBS News

President Biden participated in a star-studded fundraiser with former Democratic Presidents Barack Obama and Bill Clinton on Thursday in New York City in an event expected to raise more than $25 million for the president's re-election campaign.

Thursday's New York City fundraiser at Radio City Music Hall was hosted by actress Mindy Kaling and featured performances by several musical guests and artists, including Queen Latifah, Lizzo, Ben Platt, Cynthia Erivo and Lea Michele. The event was capped off with a nearly hourlong discussion between Mr. Biden, Obama and Clinton moderated by "The Late Show" host Stephen Colbert. 

Obama accompanied Mr. Biden on the Air Force One flight from Washington, D.C., to New York earlier in the day.  

House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries, Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and first lady Jill Biden also delivered remarks during the event. 

Schumer touted several of Mr. Biden's accomplishments and spoke of the potential for not just the president's re-election, but for Democrats to control all three branches of government with key wins in the 2024 election.

"Re-elect Joe Biden as president, put Hakeem Jeffries as Speaker, keep me as Majority Leader, and the next four years will be better than this. You ain't seen nothing yet," the Senate majority leader said.

The first lady, joined by several other members of the Biden family, recalled that after she agreed to marry Mr. Biden, "He said, 'Jill, I promise you, your life will never change.' Well that, of course, turned out to be wildly untrue."

She also spoke of the large sum raised for her husband's campaign.

"This is the biggest fundraiser the DNC has ever held – the fundraiser to end all fundraisers – and we've raised a record amount," Jill Biden said.

Mr. Biden, Obama and Clinton discussed a wide variety of topics, from the economy to the border to the Jan. 6, 2021 assault on the U.S. Capitol, which Mr. Biden bluntly referred to as an insurrection. 

"I was supposed to make a speech on the economy, and I decided I couldn't remain silent," Mr. Biden said. "So what I did was I made a speech about January the sixth, what was happening. And I said it was an insurrection underway, and it must be dealt with and I plead with the president to stop and do his job, call these people off. He sat there in the dining room off the Oval Office for several hours and watched, didn't do a damn thing. That's why I felt obliged even though I wasn't sworn in yet. I was president-elect."

The fundraiser was interrupted by demonstrators protesting against the war in Gaza multiple times, and one who appeared to be yelling something about nuclear with Russia, throughout the night. One interruption came while Obama was discussing Gaza, to which he replied "You can't just talk and not listen," leading the audience to give him a standing ovation.

"It is also possible for us to have our hearts broken watching innocent people being killed and try to manage through that in a way that ultimately leads to both people being able to live in peace side by side," Obama said. "That is not an easy thing."

"It is important for us to understand that it is possible to have moral clarity and have deeply held beliefs, but still recognize that the world is complicated and it is hard to solve these problems," the former president added.

There were also Pro-Palestinian protests outside the music hall, CBS News New York reported . The New York Police Department told CBS News one person was detained. There was no word on why.

The demonstrators were chanting and screaming their messages, directing their anger toward Mr. Biden and, at times, at police officers.

Mr. Biden reiterated his support for Israel and its right to self defense, but said there were "too many innocent victims" and that more aid needs to get into Gaza. Mr. Biden also expressed support for a two-state solution.

"It's understandable there's such a profound anger, and Hamas is still there, but we must in fact, stop the effort resulting in significant deaths of innocent civilians, particularly children," Mr. Biden said.

The campaign has billed the event as the "most successful political fundraiser in American history." 

During a swing through Texas earlier this month, the Biden campaign raised a combined $7 million from three separate fundraisers. A fundraiser for Mr. Biden in Raleigh, North Carolina, on Tuesday raised $2.3 million. 

Mr. Biden's largest single-day haul prior to Thursday came in the 24 hours after his  State of the Union address earlier in March, when he raised $10 million, according to his campaign.

But Thursday's staggering sum is a new record for the campaign, and it further illustrates the growing cash gap between Mr. Biden and his presumptive general election opponent, former President Donald Trump. 

Trump raised $20 million in the whole month of February and $8.8 million in January. He's also been dogged by legal bills and payments , with his campaign and the political action committees supporting him spending over $10 million in legal fees this year.

Mr. Biden's campaign committees have more than double the cash on hand of Trump's equivalent groups, $155 million for Mr. Biden and $74 million for Trump as of late March.

"Unlike our opponent, every dollar we're raising is going to reach the voters who will decide this election — communicating the President's historic record, his vision for the future and laying plain the stakes of this election," said Biden-Harris campaign co-chair and Hollywood mogul Jeffrey Katzenberg. 

Trump's campaign sent out two fundraising emails Wednesday mentioning Mr. Biden's Thursday fundraiser, with one calling on "one million Trump supporters to donate to beat the "Obama-Clinton cartel" and the other reading, "We can't lose to Obama!"

• Democratic Party

Aaron Navarro is a CBS News digital reporter covering Florida Governor Ron DeSantis' presidential campaign and the 2024 election. He was previously an associate producer for the CBS News political unit in the 2021 and 2022 election cycles.

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Texas Rangers unveil 2023 World Series rings with unique reversible top, reference to perfect road record

The defending champs received some flashy jewelry on saturday.

In keeping with the ancient laws of combat, the squadron that wins the World Series is rewarded with not only an implied heavyweight-championship title belt but also an actual World Series ring. Speaking of which, on Saturday the Texas Rangers , victors of the 2023 World Series, received their shimmering finger-crowns. 

Right up front, here's a slickly produced look:

Rangers fans, you're not dreaming! The 2023 World Series ring is here. 💍 pic.twitter.com/nS5j6KOoMT — Texas Rangers (@Rangers) March 30, 2024

All Rangers players, coaches, and on-field support staff from last season receive one – roughly 60 folks in all. In advance of the ring ceremony, the club released the following details about the ring: 

Starting off, there are 103 blue sapphires on the top of the ring to signify the total number of wins in 2023 (Regular and Postseason), while the 23 red rubies on the ring represent the year the Rangers won the World Series. On the alternate top of the ring, the 49 points of rubies represent the number of players who held a spot on the active roster in 2023. Removing the top reveals 11-0, the team's 2023 postseason road record. There is also the slogan "ROAD Dominance" written using the logos of the four teams the Rangers beat away from home to become champions. The 11 stones on the face of the Rangers logo represent the number of postseason wins on the road. The 52 points of diamonds in "CHAMPIONS" honor the first World Championship in the Rangers 52- year history. There are 16 emerald cut diamonds to recognize the number of consecutive postseason games in which the Rangers hit a home run. 90 stones circling the side of the ring represent the number of regular season wins in 2023. There is one diamond in the World Series trophy to represent the first championship in franchise history. The 3mm stone inside the trophy is to call out the number of American League championships the Rangers have won. Three diamonds on the player side represent the three pillars of baseball of the organization—"Compete with passion, be a good teammate, and dominate the fundamentals." The 72 points of diamonds on the border of the bezel represent the year the Rangers moved from Washington, D.C. to Arlington, Texas (1972).  And 30 stones on the inner bezel represent the 30 home runs the team hit during the postseason. 2.33 carats on the side of the ring represent the 233 home runs the club had during the regular season. Each ring will also include a small covering of a baseball that was used in the 2023 World Series between the Rangers and Arizona Diamondbacks . Inside the shank the player's signature is engraved as well as the postseason series records and the phrase "AS ONE." 

Obviously, that swappable top merits a closer look and expert demonstration in state-of-the-art technicolor: 

The reversible ring top in action. First of its kind pic.twitter.com/2gdCzQTrSk — Evan Grant (@Evan_P_Grant) March 30, 2024

That 2023 championship marked the first ever in Rangers franchise history. With a strong returning roster and a future Hall of Famer in Bruce Bochy pulling the dugout levels, Texas has plausible designs on a repeat and, thus, a second big ol' ring. 

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How do Texas Rangers World Series championship rings compare to Cowboys, Stars, Mavericks?

The rangers were presented with their championship rings on saturday..

By SportsDay Staff

8:00 AM on Mar 31, 2024 CDT

If Eric Nadel couldn’t convince Ranger fans that they weren’t dreaming , maybe the rock-hard evidence in the form of a 150-gram World Series championship ring will.

On Saturday the Texas Rangers were finally gifted their World Series rings in a celebratory presentation prior to the team’s 11-2 womping of the Chicago Cubs.

Related: Details of Texas Rangers’ World Series tell story 52 years in the making

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It’s only the second time since the turn of the century that one of the big four pro sports teams in Dallas has won a ring. The Mavericks went on their Dirk Nowitzki-led championship run in 2011, while the Stars and Cowboys last reached the top in the 1990s.

The Rangers, though, are the only of the four who have won their title in the new age of strikingly intricate championship rings, with secret compartments and reversible tops and all sorts of wild add-ons (at one point it was even rumored the Rangers’ rings would blare Creed when opened ).

Let’s take a look back and compare what some of the past championship rings have looked like, though they might appear rather quaint when viewed next to the Rangers’ and its 450 diamonds, sapphires, and rubies.

2011 Dallas Mavericks

It took the Mavericks 31 years to win the first NBA championship in franchise history.

The design was built around the Mavericks’ horse-head logo on the top of the ring. On one side, the “M’' logo has 15 diamonds, one for each player on the roster. On the other side, the NBA logo has one diamond and a star representing the first championship for the Dallas franchise. Around the outer border of the main logo, there are 31 princess-cut diamonds, representing the 31 years before the franchise finally won a championship.

All in all, each ring featured 257 diamonds and three ounces of 14-karat gold.

1999 Dallas Stars

Another franchise first, Mike Modano, Brett Hull and the Stars beat Buffalo in ovetime in 1999 to claim the state’s first Stanley Cup.

The Stars’ rings were beset with a backdrop of diamonds behind five emeralds in the shape of a star. One side paid homage to the champion stars with the Cup logo and a nod to the team winning the Presidents cup as well. The other sidebore the NHL logo and the word ‘relentless.’

Dallas Cowboys

If you don’t think about the last 27 years of, you know, not even really sniffing one , the Cowboys’ collection of Super Bowl rings is perhaps the most impressive in all of professional sports. Both in quality and quantity.

Five rings, all different in appearance but similar in theme. That theme being: diamonds and stars. The first two from their Super Bowl XII and Super Bowl VI victories are positively understated compared to the rings of today, but they by no means suffer for their simplicity. Their first ring, neatly, has one diamond-studded star. Their second has two. Pretty perfect.

The rings from their ‘90s titles, the first of which has been ranked as one of the best championship rings of all time , are a little more gaudy, but the effect still hits. Neat and clean, with the first featuring a large diamond-encrusted star, the second four large football-shaped diamonds, and the third another diamond-studded star on a backdrop of more diamonds.

It really is a shame that the Cowboys haven’t won a Super Bowl in over a quarter century, if for no other reason than to see what Jerry Jones would do in this new age of wildly complex and detailed rings.

Twitter: @SportsDayDFW

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