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• How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates

How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates

Published on October 12, 2022 by Shona McCombes and Tegan George. Revised on November 21, 2023.

A research proposal describes what you will investigate, why it’s important, and how you will conduct your research.

The format of a research proposal varies between fields, but most proposals will contain at least these elements:

Introduction

Literature review.

• Research design

Reference list

While the sections may vary, the overall objective is always the same. A research proposal serves as a blueprint and guide for your research plan, helping you get organized and feel confident in the path forward you choose to take.

Table of contents

Research proposal purpose, research proposal examples, research design and methods, contribution to knowledge, research schedule, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about research proposals.

Academics often have to write research proposals to get funding for their projects. As a student, you might have to write a research proposal as part of a grad school application , or prior to starting your thesis or dissertation .

In addition to helping you figure out what your research can look like, a proposal can also serve to demonstrate why your project is worth pursuing to a funder, educational institution, or supervisor.

Research proposal length

The length of a research proposal can vary quite a bit. A bachelor’s or master’s thesis proposal can be just a few pages, while proposals for PhD dissertations or research funding are usually much longer and more detailed. Your supervisor can help you determine the best length for your work.

One trick to get started is to think of your proposal’s structure as a shorter version of your thesis or dissertation , only without the results , conclusion and discussion sections.

Download our research proposal template

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Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We’ve included a few for you below.

• Example research proposal #1: “A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management”
• Example research proposal #2: “Medical Students as Mediators of Change in Tobacco Use”

Like your dissertation or thesis, the proposal will usually have a title page that includes:

• The proposed title of your project
• Your supervisor’s name
• Your institution and department

The first part of your proposal is the initial pitch for your project. Make sure it succinctly explains what you want to do and why.

Your introduction should:

• Introduce your topic
• Give necessary background and context
• Outline your  problem statement  and research questions

To guide your introduction , include information about:

• Who could have an interest in the topic (e.g., scientists, policymakers)
• How much is already known about the topic
• What is missing from this current knowledge
• What new insights your research will contribute
• Why you believe this research is worth doing

As you get started, it’s important to demonstrate that you’re familiar with the most important research on your topic. A strong literature review  shows your reader that your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge or theory. It also shows that you’re not simply repeating what other people have already done or said, but rather using existing research as a jumping-off point for your own.

In this section, share exactly how your project will contribute to ongoing conversations in the field by:

• Comparing and contrasting the main theories, methods, and debates
• Examining the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
• Explaining how will you build on, challenge, or synthesize prior scholarship

Following the literature review, restate your main  objectives . This brings the focus back to your own project. Next, your research design or methodology section will describe your overall approach, and the practical steps you will take to answer your research questions.

To finish your proposal on a strong note, explore the potential implications of your research for your field. Emphasize again what you aim to contribute and why it matters.

For example, your results might have implications for:

• Improving best practices
• Informing policymaking decisions
• Strengthening a theory or model
• Challenging popular or scientific beliefs
• Creating a basis for future research

Last but not least, your research proposal must include correct citations for every source you have used, compiled in a reference list . To create citations quickly and easily, you can use our free APA citation generator .

Some institutions or funders require a detailed timeline of the project, asking you to forecast what you will do at each stage and how long it may take. While not always required, be sure to check the requirements of your project.

Here’s an example schedule to help you get started. You can also download a template at the button below.

Download our research schedule template

If you are applying for research funding, chances are you will have to include a detailed budget. This shows your estimates of how much each part of your project will cost.

Make sure to check what type of costs the funding body will agree to cover. For each item, include:

• Cost : exactly how much money do you need?
• Justification : why is this cost necessary to complete the research?
• Source : how did you calculate the amount?

To determine your budget, think about:

• Travel costs : do you need to go somewhere to collect your data? How will you get there, and how much time will you need? What will you do there (e.g., interviews, archival research)?
• Materials : do you need access to any tools or technologies?
• Help : do you need to hire any research assistants for the project? What will they do, and how much will you pay them?

If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

Methodology

• Sampling methods
• Simple random sampling
• Stratified sampling
• Cluster sampling
• Likert scales
• Reproducibility

 Statistics

• Null hypothesis
• Statistical power
• Probability distribution
• Effect size
• Poisson distribution

Research bias

• Optimism bias
• Cognitive bias
• Implicit bias
• Hawthorne effect
• Anchoring bias
• Explicit bias

Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement .

Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.

I will compare …

A research aim is a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear in your introduction at the end of your problem statement , before your research objectives.

Research objectives are more specific than your research aim. They indicate the specific ways you’ll address the overarching aim.

A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.

A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.

A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.

All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.

Critical thinking refers to the ability to evaluate information and to be aware of biases or assumptions, including your own.

Like information literacy , it involves evaluating arguments, identifying and solving problems in an objective and systematic way, and clearly communicating your ideas.

The best way to remember the difference between a research plan and a research proposal is that they have fundamentally different audiences. A research plan helps you, the researcher, organize your thoughts. On the other hand, a dissertation proposal or research proposal aims to convince others (e.g., a supervisor, a funding body, or a dissertation committee) that your research topic is relevant and worthy of being conducted.

Cite this Scribbr article

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McCombes, S. & George, T. (2023, November 21). How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates. Scribbr. Retrieved March 13, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/research-process/research-proposal/

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Research Proposal Example/Sample

Detailed Walkthrough + Free Proposal Template

If you’re getting started crafting your research proposal and are looking for a few examples of research proposals , you’ve come to the right place.

In this video, we walk you through two successful (approved) research proposals , one for a Master’s-level project, and one for a PhD-level dissertation. We also start off by unpacking our free research proposal template and discussing the four core sections of a research proposal, so that you have a clear understanding of the basics before diving into the actual proposals.

• Research proposal example/sample – Master’s-level (PDF/Word)
• Research proposal example/sample – PhD-level (PDF/Word)
• Proposal template (Fully editable) 

If you’re working on a research proposal for a dissertation or thesis, you may also find the following useful:

• Research Proposal Bootcamp : Learn how to write a research proposal as efficiently and effectively as possible
• 1:1 Proposal Coaching : Get hands-on help with your research proposal

FAQ: Research Proposal Example

Research proposal example: frequently asked questions, are the sample proposals real.

Yes. The proposals are real and were approved by the respective universities.

Can I copy one of these proposals for my own research?

As we discuss in the video, every research proposal will be slightly different, depending on the university’s unique requirements, as well as the nature of the research itself. Therefore, you’ll need to tailor your research proposal to suit your specific context.

You can learn more about the basics of writing a research proposal here .

How do I get the research proposal template?

You can access our free proposal template here .

Is the proposal template really free?

Yes. There is no cost for the proposal template and you are free to use it as a foundation for your research proposal.

Where can I learn more about proposal writing?

For self-directed learners, our Research Proposal Bootcamp is a great starting point.

For students that want hands-on guidance, our private coaching service is recommended.

Psst… there’s more!

This post is an extract from our bestselling Udemy Course, Research Proposal Bootcamp . If you want to work smart, you don't want to miss this .

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Home » How To Write A Research Proposal – Step-by-Step [Template]

How To Write A Research Proposal – Step-by-Step [Template]

Table of Contents

How To Write a Research Proposal

Writing a Research proposal involves several steps to ensure a well-structured and comprehensive document. Here is an explanation of each step:

1. Title and Abstract

• Choose a concise and descriptive title that reflects the essence of your research.
• Write an abstract summarizing your research question, objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes. It should provide a brief overview of your proposal.

2. Introduction:

• Provide an introduction to your research topic, highlighting its significance and relevance.
• Clearly state the research problem or question you aim to address.
• Discuss the background and context of the study, including previous research in the field.

3. Research Objectives

• Outline the specific objectives or aims of your research. These objectives should be clear, achievable, and aligned with the research problem.

4. Literature Review:

• Conduct a comprehensive review of relevant literature and studies related to your research topic.
• Summarize key findings, identify gaps, and highlight how your research will contribute to the existing knowledge.

5. Methodology:

• Describe the research design and methodology you plan to employ to address your research objectives.
• Explain the data collection methods, instruments, and analysis techniques you will use.
• Justify why the chosen methods are appropriate and suitable for your research.

6. Timeline:

• Create a timeline or schedule that outlines the major milestones and activities of your research project.
• Break down the research process into smaller tasks and estimate the time required for each task.

7. Resources:

• Identify the resources needed for your research, such as access to specific databases, equipment, or funding.
• Explain how you will acquire or utilize these resources to carry out your research effectively.

8. Ethical Considerations:

• Discuss any ethical issues that may arise during your research and explain how you plan to address them.
• If your research involves human subjects, explain how you will ensure their informed consent and privacy.

9. Expected Outcomes and Significance:

• Clearly state the expected outcomes or results of your research.
• Highlight the potential impact and significance of your research in advancing knowledge or addressing practical issues.

10. References:

• Provide a list of all the references cited in your proposal, following a consistent citation style (e.g., APA, MLA).

11. Appendices:

• Include any additional supporting materials, such as survey questionnaires, interview guides, or data analysis plans.

Research Proposal Format

The format of a research proposal may vary depending on the specific requirements of the institution or funding agency. However, the following is a commonly used format for a research proposal:

1. Title Page:

• Include the title of your research proposal, your name, your affiliation or institution, and the date.

2. Abstract:

• Provide a brief summary of your research proposal, highlighting the research problem, objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes.

3. Introduction:

• Introduce the research topic and provide background information.
• State the research problem or question you aim to address.
• Explain the significance and relevance of the research.
• Review relevant literature and studies related to your research topic.
• Summarize key findings and identify gaps in the existing knowledge.
• Explain how your research will contribute to filling those gaps.

5. Research Objectives:

• Clearly state the specific objectives or aims of your research.
• Ensure that the objectives are clear, focused, and aligned with the research problem.

6. Methodology:

• Describe the research design and methodology you plan to use.
• Explain the data collection methods, instruments, and analysis techniques.
• Justify why the chosen methods are appropriate for your research.

7. Timeline:

8. Resources:

• Explain how you will acquire or utilize these resources effectively.

9. Ethical Considerations:

• If applicable, explain how you will ensure informed consent and protect the privacy of research participants.

10. Expected Outcomes and Significance:

11. References:

12. Appendices:

Research Proposal Template

Here’s a template for a research proposal:

1. Introduction:

2. Literature Review:

3. Research Objectives:

4. Methodology:

5. Timeline:

6. Resources:

7. Ethical Considerations:

8. Expected Outcomes and Significance:

9. References:

10. Appendices:

Research Proposal Sample

Title: The Impact of Online Education on Student Learning Outcomes: A Comparative Study

1. Introduction

Online education has gained significant prominence in recent years, especially due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This research proposal aims to investigate the impact of online education on student learning outcomes by comparing them with traditional face-to-face instruction. The study will explore various aspects of online education, such as instructional methods, student engagement, and academic performance, to provide insights into the effectiveness of online learning.

2. Objectives

The main objectives of this research are as follows:

• To compare student learning outcomes between online and traditional face-to-face education.
• To examine the factors influencing student engagement in online learning environments.
• To assess the effectiveness of different instructional methods employed in online education.
• To identify challenges and opportunities associated with online education and suggest recommendations for improvement.

3. Methodology

3.1 Study Design

This research will utilize a mixed-methods approach to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. The study will include the following components:

3.2 Participants

The research will involve undergraduate students from two universities, one offering online education and the other providing face-to-face instruction. A total of 500 students (250 from each university) will be selected randomly to participate in the study.

3.3 Data Collection

The research will employ the following data collection methods:

• Quantitative: Pre- and post-assessments will be conducted to measure students’ learning outcomes. Data on student demographics and academic performance will also be collected from university records.
• Qualitative: Focus group discussions and individual interviews will be conducted with students to gather their perceptions and experiences regarding online education.

3.4 Data Analysis

Quantitative data will be analyzed using statistical software, employing descriptive statistics, t-tests, and regression analysis. Qualitative data will be transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically to identify recurring patterns and themes.

4. Ethical Considerations

The study will adhere to ethical guidelines, ensuring the privacy and confidentiality of participants. Informed consent will be obtained, and participants will have the right to withdraw from the study at any time.

5. Significance and Expected Outcomes

This research will contribute to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the impact of online education on student learning outcomes. The findings will help educational institutions and policymakers make informed decisions about incorporating online learning methods and improving the quality of online education. Moreover, the study will identify potential challenges and opportunities related to online education and offer recommendations for enhancing student engagement and overall learning outcomes.

6. Timeline

The proposed research will be conducted over a period of 12 months, including data collection, analysis, and report writing.

The estimated budget for this research includes expenses related to data collection, software licenses, participant compensation, and research assistance. A detailed budget breakdown will be provided in the final research plan.

8. Conclusion

This research proposal aims to investigate the impact of online education on student learning outcomes through a comparative study with traditional face-to-face instruction. By exploring various dimensions of online education, this research will provide valuable insights into the effectiveness and challenges associated with online learning. The findings will contribute to the ongoing discourse on educational practices and help shape future strategies for maximizing student learning outcomes in online education settings.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches

Student resources, research proposal tools and sample student proposals.

Sample research proposals written by doctoral students in each of the key areas covered in Research Design --quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods—are provided as a useful reference. A Research Proposal checklist also serves to help guide your own proposal-writing.

›   Morales Proposal_Qualitative Study

›   Kottich Proposal_Quantitative Study

›   Guetterman Proposal_Mixed Methods Study

›   Research Proposal Checklist  

Proposal Templates > Research Proposal Template

Research Proposal Template

Ready to start on a research proposal, but don’t know where to begin? Why not start with our polished research proposal template that helps you get your research thoughts on paper and gives you a solid structure to present your research.

Research Proposal Template

A research proposal template is a document that outlines the proposed research project. It typically includes information on the research question, background and significance of the research, proposed methods, expected results and the significance of the research. A research proposal template is typically used by researchers, academics, or students to propose a research project to a funding agency, academic institution, or supervisor. The template guides the researcher in outlining the key elements of the proposed research project and provides a structured format for presenting the proposal. The research proposal template typically includes sections such as the introduction, literature review, research design, data collection and analysis methods, and a budget and timeline for the project. It is typically used to communicate the research proposal and to obtain funding, resources or approval for the project.

When designing a research proposal template for e-signing , it is important to ensure that the research proposal template includes all the necessary information and that it is presented in a clear and consistent format.

It is also important to consider the security of the e-signed research proposal. The research proposal template should include measures to ensure that the proposal is tamper-proof and that the authenticity of the signatures can be verified. This can be achieved by using secure digital signature software , encryption, and other security measures.

• Introduction

First, introduce your research topic in detail. What is your research topic? Based on what reason have you selected this research topic? Explain why your research topic is important for the audience and what benefits it would provide. Overall, state why you need to conduct this research and how it can be helpful in the future. 

Background 

Now that your title has given the reader a taste of what your research will be about, the ‘Background’ section needs to explain your research topic in more detail. Outline the specific research aims, research problem, and gap.

In this section, it’s also a good idea to define the boundaries of your research (what we typically call “scope”). In other words, be clear about not just what your research will cover but also what it won’t cover. It’s important for you to have a clear, narrow focus when undertaking research, so don’t be afraid to keep your scope narrow and go deep into one specific area.

In this section, you need to focus mainly on the justification of your research. Justify your research topic. Why did you choose it, and how will it contribute to literacy? State the main reasons for conducting this research.

Literature Review 

Literature reviews can take many shapes and formats, so it’s difficult to prescribe a universal structure for this section. Generally, it’s wise to start by providing clear definitions for any key items being researched. But beyond this, the structure will vary depending on the research topic. 

When you’re working your way through the literature review, make sure that you maintain a well-organized catalog of your literature, as you will come back to your literature many times throughout the process. Your collection will grow substantially over time, and you won’t remember the finer details of each journal article, so keeping a catalog is essential. 

Objectives of the Research 

Here you need to explain what exactly you are trying to achieve by conducting this research. Summarize the approach and purpose of your project and help to focus your research. First, describe and then list down the main objectives. 

Research Methodology 

Research methodology is the process used to collect data for research projects. It includes a variety of methods, such as surveys, interviews, observations, and experiments. Research methodology can be divided into two main parts such as qualitative and quantitative.

There is no one correct research methodology, and different projects will require different approaches. The important thing is to choose a methodology that is appropriate for your research question and will allow you to collect the data you need.

The research analysis is the process of reviewing and critiquing research to determine its validity and usefulness. This process can be applied to any type of research, including scientific research, social science research, and market research. It is an important part of conducting a research project, as implementing proper analyzing tools for secondary and primary data is very crucial. 

There are several steps involved in research analysis, including:

1. Examining the research design

2. Assessing the data collection methods

3. Evaluating the data analysis methods

4. critiquing the interpretation of the results

After completing these steps, the researcher can then make a determination as to whether the research is valid and useful.

• Research Schedule

You should consider including the following here:

1. A clear project plan that outlines the major steps and stages in your research, with well-defined, realistic timelines. A Gantt chart can be very useful for this.

2. A budget (if you require financial resources) or equipment list (if you require lab equipment) and a clear explanation of how you will secure the required resources. 

3. A risk register , which clearly identifies the main risks involved in your project, what the likelihood and impact are for each, and how you plan to manage these should they arise.

4. A discussion of any research ethics-related matters. Check what your university’s research ethics requirements are before you start drafting your proposal, as this can have a major impact on your plans.

A research budget is a financial plan for a research project. It includes the costs for the research team, equipment, materials, and other necessary expenses.

The budget must be carefully crafted to ensure that the project can be completed within the allotted funds. It is important to consider all potential costs when creating a budget, as even small expenses can add up quickly.

Creating a detailed and accurate budget is crucial for the success of a research project. It ensures that the project can be completed on time and within the allocated resources.

References and Bibliography 

References and bibliography refer to all the secondary resources that you have used in the research while conducting it. For example, any published journal, peer-reviewed journal, website articles, books, and many others. Here you have to list down all the references as a bibliography. It should be in alphabetical order. 

1. What questions should be asked in a research proposal?

Questions in a research proposal should be based on the selected research topic and main research objectives. 

For instance, if an objective is like, to understand the customer demand in the current market. Then the research question should be, what is the trending customer demand in the present market?

2. What is a research proposal?

A research proposal can be understood as a document that proposes a research topic, usually in the sciences or academics, and it is a request for funding for such research. The cost, possible impact, and quality of the suggested plan for doing the research are all taken into consideration when evaluating proposals.

3. What is the format for a proposal?

• Literature review
• Objectives of the research
• Research Methodology
• References and Bibliography

4. How long should a research proposal be?

Every research proposal has its own format as per the requirements. And based on that, the length of the proposal should be decided.

However, a research proposal minimum should be three pages long. 

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Free Printable Research Proposal Templates [Word, PDF] for Students

A research proposal is a crucial aspect of the academic and scientific community as it lays the foundation for conducting extensive studies and experiments. The proposal serves as a roadmap that outlines the objectives, methodology, and potential impact of a research project. It is also a tool used to secure funding and support from institutions, organizations, or funding agencies.

An effective research proposal should be clear, concise, and persuasive, demonstrating the relevance, originality, and feasibility of the proposed study. This article provides a comprehensive guide to writing a successful research proposal, including key elements, best practices, and common mistakes to avoid.

Table of Contents

Who should use a research proposal?

A research proposal is typically used by academic researchers, graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and other individuals who are seeking support for a research project. The intended audience for a research proposal can vary depending on the purpose of the proposal and the context in which it is being written.

Research Proposal Templates

Research Proposal Templates are documents that provide a detailed plan for a research project. These templates help researchers and organizations to outline the research questions, objectives, methodology, budget, and timeline for the study.

They serve as a blueprint for conducting the research and help to ensure that all necessary steps are followed. Using a research proposal template can save time and effort, and can help to ensure that the proposal is well-structured and includes all relevant information. These templates are available in various formats and can be customized to fit the needs of a specific research project.

Examples of individuals and groups who might use a research proposal include:

• Academic researchers who are seeking funding from government agencies, foundations, or private organizations.
• Graduate students who are proposing a thesis or dissertation project.
• Postdoctoral researchers who are seeking support for independent research projects.
• Researchers who are seeking approval from an institutional review board or ethics committee for a research project.
• Researchers who are submitting a paper to a journal for publication.

In each of these cases, the researcher would write a research proposal that is tailored to the specific needs and expectations of the intended audience. The proposal would typically include information about the background and context of the research problem, the research questions or hypothesis, the methods that will be used to conduct the research, and the potential outcomes and implications of the research.

Importance of Research Proposals

Research proposals play a crucial role in the scientific and academic communities as they provide a plan and framework for conducting research. Here are some reasons why research proposals are important:

Clarification of Research Goals : Research proposals help to clearly articulate the goals and objectives of a research project, which can help to ensure that the research is focused and efficient.

Funding: Research proposals are often used to secure funding from grants, foundations, or other sources. A well-written research proposal can demonstrate the significance and feasibility of the research project, increasing the likelihood of securing funding.

Collaboration: Research proposals can help to facilitate collaboration between researchers by clearly defining the roles and responsibilities of each team member.

Ethics Approval: In many cases, research proposals must be approved by institutional review boards or ethics committees to ensure that the research is ethical and in compliance with regulations.

Validation: Research proposals help to validate the research project and ensure that it is based on sound theories and methods. A research proposal provides an opportunity for peer review and feedback, allowing the researcher to make improvements before conducting the actual research.

What is the goal of a research proposal?

The goal of a research proposal is to present and justify a research idea and to request support for its implementation. A research proposal typically outlines the background and context of the research problem, the research question or hypothesis, the methods that will be used to conduct the research, and the potential outcomes and implications of the research.

The main purpose of a research proposal is to persuade others that the researcher has a feasible research project and that the researcher has the competence and the work-plan to complete it. A research proposal serves as a bridge between the researcher and the intended audience, such as a funding agency, a departmental review committee, or a journal editor.

The goal of a research proposal is to:

• Clearly articulate the research problem and the research questions or hypothesis
• Convince the intended audience that the research project is worth pursuing and has the potential to contribute new knowledge to the field
• Provide a detailed plan for conducting the research, including the methods, timeline, and budget
• Establish the researcher’s credibility and expertise in the field
• Obtain approval, funding, or support for the proposed research project.

Ultimately, the goal of a research proposal is to convince the intended audience that the proposed research project is important, feasible, and worthy of support.

What should you include in the research proposal?

The exact content and format of a research proposal can vary depending on the specific requirements of the intended audience, but most research proposals include the following elements:

Introduction: This section provides background information on the research problem and a clear statement of the research questions or hypothesis.

Literature Review : This section reviews relevant literature and provides a context for the research problem. The literature review should include a synthesis of previous research on the topic, highlighting gaps in the existing knowledge that the proposed research aims to fill.

Methods: This section describes the research design, including the study population, sample size, and sampling techniques. It also details the data collection methods, the data analysis techniques, and any ethical considerations.

Timetable: This section outlines the timeline for the proposed research, including the start and end dates and the major milestones.

Budget: This section provides an estimate of the costs associated with the proposed research, including personnel, equipment, and supplies.

Conclusion: This section summarizes the research proposal and reiterates the significance and importance of the proposed research.

References: This section lists the references cited in the proposal, using a standard citation format.

How long should a research proposal be?

The length of a research proposal can vary, but most proposals range from 1000 to 5000 words. The exact length of a research proposal will depend on the requirements of the intended audience, such as a funding agency or academic department, as well as the complexity of the research project.

For example, a research proposal for a small, straightforward project may be shorter than a proposal for a large, multi-year study. Similarly, a proposal for a PhD thesis may be longer than a proposal for a journal article.

It is important to follow the guidelines and requirements provided by the intended audience, as this will help to ensure that the proposal is complete and meets the expectations of the reviewers. If guidelines are not provided, it is a good idea to aim for a proposal that is concise and clearly presents the research idea, methods, and expected outcomes.

In general, it is better to err on the side of being concise and to focus on presenting the most important information clearly and effectively. A well-written, focused proposal that meets the requirements of the intended audience is more likely to be successful than a lengthy, generic proposal that lacks clarity and detail.

Research proposal structure

A well-structured research proposal is critical to the success of the proposal. A clear, organized proposal makes it easier for the reader to understand the research problem and the proposed solution, and it demonstrates that the researcher has given careful thought to the project and has a well-planned approach.

The following is a general structure that can be used as a guide when writing a research proposal :

Introduction:

In the introduction, you should provide background information on the research problem and the research question or hypothesis. This section should clearly state the research problem, the significance of the research, and the purpose of the proposal. The introduction should be engaging and set the stage for the rest of the proposal.

Literature Review:

The literature review should provide a comprehensive overview of previous research on the topic, including the key studies and findings, and any gaps in the existing knowledge that the proposed research aims to fill. The literature review should also provide the theoretical or conceptual framework for the research. This section should be well-organized and demonstrate the researcher’s expertise in the field.

In the methods section, you should describe the research design, including the study population, sample size, and sampling techniques. You should also detail the data collection methods, data analysis techniques, and any ethical considerations. This section should provide enough detail to enable the reader to understand how the research will be conducted and should demonstrate that the researcher has thought through the logistics of the study.

In the timetable section, you should provide a detailed timeline for the proposed research, including the start and end dates and the major milestones. This section should demonstrate that the researcher has a well-planned approach to the project and a clear understanding of the resources and time needed to complete the study.

In the budget section, you should provide an estimate of the costs associated with the proposed research, including personnel, equipment, and supplies. This section should be well-organized and should demonstrate that the researcher has given careful consideration to the financial aspects of the study.

Conclusion:

In the conclusion, you should summarize the research proposal and reiterate the significance and importance of the proposed research. This section should provide a clear and concise overview of the research proposal and should leave the reader with a positive impression of the proposed project.

References:

In the references section, you should list the references cited in the proposal, using a standard citation format. This section should be well-organized and complete, and it should demonstrate the researcher’s commitment to rigorous research.

How to write a research proposal

Writing a research proposal can be a challenging task, but it is also an important step in the research process. A well-written research proposal can help to secure funding, support, or approval for a research project. This guide provides a step-by-step guide to writing a research proposal:

Choose a research topic:

The first step in writing a research proposal is to choose a research topic that is interesting and relevant to you. Consider your personal interests, expertise, and background , as well as the current state of knowledge in the field. You should choose a topic that you are passionate about and that has the potential to make a meaningful contribution to the field.

Conduct a literature review:

Once you have chosen a research topic, the next step is to conduct a thorough literature review. This will help you to identify any gaps in the existing knowledge and to understand the current state of research on your topic. You should also use the literature review to develop a theoretical or conceptual framework for your research.

Formulate a research question or hypothesis:

Based on your literature review, you should formulate a clear and focused research question or hypothesis that you aim to address through your research. Your research question or hypothesis should be specific, measurable, and testable.

Determine your research design:

The next step is to determine the research design that you will use to address your research question or hypothesis. You should consider the type of research (qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods), the study population, sample size, and sampling techniques. You should also describe the data collection methods and data analysis techniques that you will use.

Create a budget and timeline:

Based on your research design, you should create a detailed budget and timeline for your research project. Your budget should include an estimate of the costs associated with personnel, equipment, and supplies, and your timeline should include a detailed timeline of the major milestones in the research project.

Write the introduction:

In the introduction, you should provide background information on the research problem, the significance of the research, and the purpose of the proposal. You should also provide an overview of the literature review and the research question or hypothesis. The introduction should be engaging and set the stage for the rest of the proposal.

Write the literature review:

In the literature review, you should provide a comprehensive overview of previous research on the topic, including the key studies and findings, and any gaps in the existing knowledge that the proposed research aims to fill. The literature review should also provide the theoretical or conceptual framework for the research. This section should be well-organized and demonstrate the researcher’s expertise in the field.

Write the methods section:

Write the timetable section:

Write the budget section:

In the budget section, you should provide an estimate of the costs associated with the proposed research, including personnel, equipment, and supplies. This section should be well-organized and should demonstrate that the researcher has given careful consideration to the financial aspects of the research project.

Write the results and discussion section:

In the results and discussion section, you should describe the expected results of the research and how they will contribute to the field. You should also discuss the limitations of the research and any potential implications of the results. This section should demonstrate the researcher’s understanding of the potential outcomes of the research and their ability to interpret and analyze data.

Write the conclusion:

In the conclusion, you should summarize the main points of the proposal and highlight the significance of the proposed research. You should also provide recommendations for future research and discuss the potential impact of the proposed study.

Proofread and edit:

Once you have completed the proposal, it is important to proofread and edit it carefully. You should check for grammar and spelling errors and ensure that the proposal is well-organized and easy to follow. You may also want to have someone else review the proposal to provide feedback and suggestions.

Submit the proposal:

The final step is to submit the proposal to the appropriate funding agency, academic institution, or other relevant entity. Be sure to follow any specific guidelines or requirements for the submission process.

What is the purpose of a literature review in a research proposal?

The purpose of a literature review in a research proposal is to provide context for the proposed research by summarizing existing research on the topic. The literature review should provide a clear understanding of what has already been done in the field, identify gaps in the existing research, and provide a basis for the proposed research.

What should be included in the results and discussion section of a research proposal?

The results and discussion section of a research proposal should describe the expected results of the research project and how they will contribute to the field. This section should also discuss the limitations of the research and any potential implications of the results. It is important to demonstrate the researcher’s understanding of the potential outcomes of the research and their ability to interpret and analyze data.

What is the purpose of the timeline and budget section in a research proposal?

The purpose of the timeline and budget section in a research proposal is to provide a clear and realistic plan for carrying out the research project. The timeline should specify the start and end dates for the project, along with the major milestones and tasks. The budget should provide a detailed breakdown of the resources that will be needed to carry out the research, including personnel, equipment, and materials.

What should be included in the conclusion of a research proposal?

The conclusion of a research proposal should summarize the main points of the proposal and highlight the significance of the proposed research. It should also provide recommendations for future research and discuss the potential impact of the proposed study. The conclusion should be concise, well-written, and effectively communicate the importance and relevance of the proposed research.

How can I make my research proposal stand out?

To make your research proposal stand out, you should ensure that it is well-written and well-organized, with a clear and concise writing style. You should also provide a strong and compelling argument for the importance of the proposed research, and use evidence and data to support your argument. Additionally, it is important to demonstrate a thorough understanding of the existing research in the field and to highlight how the proposed study will make a unique contribution to the field.

Can a research proposal be rejected?

Yes, research proposals can be rejected if they are deemed insufficient or not well-suited for the intended purpose. This may be due to a number of factors, including a lack of originality or innovation, insufficient research design or methodology, or a lack of funding or resources. It is important to carefully consider all aspects of the research proposal and address any potential concerns or limitations to increase the chances of acceptance.

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17 Research Proposal Examples

A research proposal systematically and transparently outlines a proposed research project.

The purpose of a research proposal is to demonstrate a project’s viability and the researcher’s preparedness to conduct an academic study. It serves as a roadmap for the researcher.

The process holds value both externally (for accountability purposes and often as a requirement for a grant application) and intrinsic value (for helping the researcher to clarify the mechanics, purpose, and potential signficance of the study).

Key sections of a research proposal include: the title, abstract, introduction, literature review, research design and methods, timeline, budget, outcomes and implications, references, and appendix. Each is briefly explained below.

Watch my Guide: How to Write a Research Proposal

Get your Template for Writing your Research Proposal Here (With AI Prompts!)

Research Proposal Sample Structure

Title: The title should present a concise and descriptive statement that clearly conveys the core idea of the research projects. Make it as specific as possible. The reader should immediately be able to grasp the core idea of the intended research project. Often, the title is left too vague and does not help give an understanding of what exactly the study looks at.

Abstract: Abstracts are usually around 250-300 words and provide an overview of what is to follow – including the research problem , objectives, methods, expected outcomes, and significance of the study. Use it as a roadmap and ensure that, if the abstract is the only thing someone reads, they’ll get a good fly-by of what will be discussed in the peice.

Introduction: Introductions are all about contextualization. They often set the background information with a statement of the problem. At the end of the introduction, the reader should understand what the rationale for the study truly is. I like to see the research questions or hypotheses included in the introduction and I like to get a good understanding of what the significance of the research will be. It’s often easiest to write the introduction last

Literature Review: The literature review dives deep into the existing literature on the topic, demosntrating your thorough understanding of the existing literature including themes, strengths, weaknesses, and gaps in the literature. It serves both to demonstrate your knowledge of the field and, to demonstrate how the proposed study will fit alongside the literature on the topic. A good literature review concludes by clearly demonstrating how your research will contribute something new and innovative to the conversation in the literature.

Research Design and Methods: This section needs to clearly demonstrate how the data will be gathered and analyzed in a systematic and academically sound manner. Here, you need to demonstrate that the conclusions of your research will be both valid and reliable. Common points discussed in the research design and methods section include highlighting the research paradigm, methodologies, intended population or sample to be studied, data collection techniques, and data analysis procedures . Toward the end of this section, you are encouraged to also address ethical considerations and limitations of the research process , but also to explain why you chose your research design and how you are mitigating the identified risks and limitations.

Timeline: Provide an outline of the anticipated timeline for the study. Break it down into its various stages (including data collection, data analysis, and report writing). The goal of this section is firstly to establish a reasonable breakdown of steps for you to follow and secondly to demonstrate to the assessors that your project is practicable and feasible.

Budget: Estimate the costs associated with the research project and include evidence for your estimations. Typical costs include staffing costs, equipment, travel, and data collection tools. When applying for a scholarship, the budget should demonstrate that you are being responsible with your expensive and that your funding application is reasonable.

Expected Outcomes and Implications: A discussion of the anticipated findings or results of the research, as well as the potential contributions to the existing knowledge, theory, or practice in the field. This section should also address the potential impact of the research on relevant stakeholders and any broader implications for policy or practice.

References: A complete list of all the sources cited in the research proposal, formatted according to the required citation style. This demonstrates the researcher’s familiarity with the relevant literature and ensures proper attribution of ideas and information.

Appendices (if applicable): Any additional materials, such as questionnaires, interview guides, or consent forms, that provide further information or support for the research proposal. These materials should be included as appendices at the end of the document.

Research Proposal Examples

Research proposals often extend anywhere between 2,000 and 15,000 words in length. The following snippets are samples designed to briefly demonstrate what might be discussed in each section.

1. Education Studies Research Proposals

See some real sample pieces:

• Assessment of the perceptions of teachers towards a new grading system
• Does ICT use in secondary classrooms help or hinder student learning?
• Digital technologies in focus project
• Urban Middle School Teachers’ Experiences of the Implementation of
• Restorative Justice Practices
• Experiences of students of color in service learning

Consider this hypothetical education research proposal:

The Impact of Game-Based Learning on Student Engagement and Academic Performance in Middle School Mathematics

Abstract: The proposed study will explore multiplayer game-based learning techniques in middle school mathematics curricula and their effects on student engagement. The study aims to contribute to the current literature on game-based learning by examining the effects of multiplayer gaming in learning.

Introduction: Digital game-based learning has long been shunned within mathematics education for fears that it may distract students or lower the academic integrity of the classrooms. However, there is emerging evidence that digital games in math have emerging benefits not only for engagement but also academic skill development. Contributing to this discourse, this study seeks to explore the potential benefits of multiplayer digital game-based learning by examining its impact on middle school students’ engagement and academic performance in a mathematics class.

Literature Review: The literature review has identified gaps in the current knowledge, namely, while game-based learning has been extensively explored, the role of multiplayer games in supporting learning has not been studied.

Research Design and Methods: This study will employ a mixed-methods research design based upon action research in the classroom. A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test control group design will first be used to compare the academic performance and engagement of middle school students exposed to game-based learning techniques with those in a control group receiving instruction without the aid of technology. Students will also be observed and interviewed in regard to the effect of communication and collaboration during gameplay on their learning.

Timeline: The study will take place across the second term of the school year with a pre-test taking place on the first day of the term and the post-test taking place on Wednesday in Week 10.

Budget: The key budgetary requirements will be the technologies required, including the subscription cost for the identified games and computers.

Expected Outcomes and Implications: It is expected that the findings will contribute to the current literature on game-based learning and inform educational practices, providing educators and policymakers with insights into how to better support student achievement in mathematics.

2. Psychology Research Proposals

See some real examples:

• A situational analysis of shared leadership in a self-managing team
• The effect of musical preference on running performance
• Relationship between self-esteem and disordered eating amongst adolescent females

Consider this hypothetical psychology research proposal:

The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Stress Reduction in College Students

Abstract: This research proposal examines the impact of mindfulness-based interventions on stress reduction among college students, using a pre-test/post-test experimental design with both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods .

Introduction: College students face heightened stress levels during exam weeks. This can affect both mental health and test performance. This study explores the potential benefits of mindfulness-based interventions such as meditation as a way to mediate stress levels in the weeks leading up to exam time.

Literature Review: Existing research on mindfulness-based meditation has shown the ability for mindfulness to increase metacognition, decrease anxiety levels, and decrease stress. Existing literature has looked at workplace, high school and general college-level applications. This study will contribute to the corpus of literature by exploring the effects of mindfulness directly in the context of exam weeks.

Research Design and Methods: Participants ( n= 234 ) will be randomly assigned to either an experimental group, receiving 5 days per week of 10-minute mindfulness-based interventions, or a control group, receiving no intervention. Data will be collected through self-report questionnaires, measuring stress levels, semi-structured interviews exploring participants’ experiences, and students’ test scores.

Timeline: The study will begin three weeks before the students’ exam week and conclude after each student’s final exam. Data collection will occur at the beginning (pre-test of self-reported stress levels) and end (post-test) of the three weeks.

Expected Outcomes and Implications: The study aims to provide evidence supporting the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in reducing stress among college students in the lead up to exams, with potential implications for mental health support and stress management programs on college campuses.

3. Sociology Research Proposals

• Understanding emerging social movements: A case study of ‘Jersey in Transition’
• The interaction of health, education and employment in Western China
• Can we preserve lower-income affordable neighbourhoods in the face of rising costs?

Consider this hypothetical sociology research proposal:

The Impact of Social Media Usage on Interpersonal Relationships among Young Adults

Abstract: This research proposal investigates the effects of social media usage on interpersonal relationships among young adults, using a longitudinal mixed-methods approach with ongoing semi-structured interviews to collect qualitative data.

Introduction: Social media platforms have become a key medium for the development of interpersonal relationships, particularly for young adults. This study examines the potential positive and negative effects of social media usage on young adults’ relationships and development over time.

Literature Review: A preliminary review of relevant literature has demonstrated that social media usage is central to development of a personal identity and relationships with others with similar subcultural interests. However, it has also been accompanied by data on mental health deline and deteriorating off-screen relationships. The literature is to-date lacking important longitudinal data on these topics.

Research Design and Methods: Participants ( n = 454 ) will be young adults aged 18-24. Ongoing self-report surveys will assess participants’ social media usage, relationship satisfaction, and communication patterns. A subset of participants will be selected for longitudinal in-depth interviews starting at age 18 and continuing for 5 years.

Timeline: The study will be conducted over a period of five years, including recruitment, data collection, analysis, and report writing.

Expected Outcomes and Implications: This study aims to provide insights into the complex relationship between social media usage and interpersonal relationships among young adults, potentially informing social policies and mental health support related to social media use.

4. Nursing Research Proposals

• Does Orthopaedic Pre-assessment clinic prepare the patient for admission to hospital?
• Nurses’ perceptions and experiences of providing psychological care to burns patients
• Registered psychiatric nurse’s practice with mentally ill parents and their children

Consider this hypothetical nursing research proposal:

The Influence of Nurse-Patient Communication on Patient Satisfaction and Health Outcomes following Emergency Cesarians

Abstract: This research will examines the impact of effective nurse-patient communication on patient satisfaction and health outcomes for women following c-sections, utilizing a mixed-methods approach with patient surveys and semi-structured interviews.

Introduction: It has long been known that effective communication between nurses and patients is crucial for quality care. However, additional complications arise following emergency c-sections due to the interaction between new mother’s changing roles and recovery from surgery.

Literature Review: A review of the literature demonstrates the importance of nurse-patient communication, its impact on patient satisfaction, and potential links to health outcomes. However, communication between nurses and new mothers is less examined, and the specific experiences of those who have given birth via emergency c-section are to date unexamined.

Research Design and Methods: Participants will be patients in a hospital setting who have recently had an emergency c-section. A self-report survey will assess their satisfaction with nurse-patient communication and perceived health outcomes. A subset of participants will be selected for in-depth interviews to explore their experiences and perceptions of the communication with their nurses.

Timeline: The study will be conducted over a period of six months, including rolling recruitment, data collection, analysis, and report writing within the hospital.

Expected Outcomes and Implications: This study aims to provide evidence for the significance of nurse-patient communication in supporting new mothers who have had an emergency c-section. Recommendations will be presented for supporting nurses and midwives in improving outcomes for new mothers who had complications during birth.

5. Social Work Research Proposals

• Experiences of negotiating employment and caring responsibilities of fathers post-divorce
• Exploring kinship care in the north region of British Columbia

Consider this hypothetical social work research proposal:

The Role of a Family-Centered Intervention in Preventing Homelessness Among At-Risk Youthin a working-class town in Northern England

Abstract: This research proposal investigates the effectiveness of a family-centered intervention provided by a local council area in preventing homelessness among at-risk youth. This case study will use a mixed-methods approach with program evaluation data and semi-structured interviews to collect quantitative and qualitative data .

Introduction: Homelessness among youth remains a significant social issue. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of family-centered interventions in addressing this problem and identify factors that contribute to successful prevention strategies.

Literature Review: A review of the literature has demonstrated several key factors contributing to youth homelessness including lack of parental support, lack of social support, and low levels of family involvement. It also demonstrates the important role of family-centered interventions in addressing this issue. Drawing on current evidence, this study explores the effectiveness of one such intervention in preventing homelessness among at-risk youth in a working-class town in Northern England.

Research Design and Methods: The study will evaluate a new family-centered intervention program targeting at-risk youth and their families. Quantitative data on program outcomes, including housing stability and family functioning, will be collected through program records and evaluation reports. Semi-structured interviews with program staff, participants, and relevant stakeholders will provide qualitative insights into the factors contributing to program success or failure.

Timeline: The study will be conducted over a period of six months, including recruitment, data collection, analysis, and report writing.

Budget: Expenses include access to program evaluation data, interview materials, data analysis software, and any related travel costs for in-person interviews.

Expected Outcomes and Implications: This study aims to provide evidence for the effectiveness of family-centered interventions in preventing youth homelessness, potentially informing the expansion of or necessary changes to social work practices in Northern England.

Research Proposal Template

Get your Detailed Template for Writing your Research Proposal Here (With AI Prompts!)

This is a template for a 2500-word research proposal. You may find it difficult to squeeze everything into this wordcount, but it’s a common wordcount for Honors and MA-level dissertations.

Your research proposal is where you really get going with your study. I’d strongly recommend working closely with your teacher in developing a research proposal that’s consistent with the requirements and culture of your institution, as in my experience it varies considerably. The above template is from my own courses that walk students through research proposals in a British School of Education.

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 50 Durable Goods Examples
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• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 17 Adversity Examples (And How to Overcome Them)

8 thoughts on “17 Research Proposal Examples”

Very excellent research proposals

very helpful

Very helpful

Dear Sir, I need some help to write an educational research proposal. Thank you.

Hi Levi, use the site search bar to ask a question and I’ll likely have a guide already written for your specific question. Thanks for reading!

very good research proposal

Thank you so much sir! ❤️

Very helpful 👌

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Professional and Free Research Proposal Templates in MS Word Format

Download research proposal templates in ms word format.

#1 – Business Research Proposal

#2 – Marketing Research Proposal

#3 – Medical Research Proposal

#4 – Psychology Research Proposal

• The theme or themes
• Methodology
• The findings or results

 What goes into an ideal research proposal?

• Introduction (that lays the basic foundation to follow)
• Review of the literature (presenting the most relevant data)
• Aims and objectives (WHAT does the researcher want to find out)
• Research design and methodology (HOW would the researcher reach the desired goals and aims)
• Ethical considerations (if any)
• Bibliography

What are the few aims your research proposal is expected to meet?

• Highlight your CONFIDENCE in the related field
• Illustrate your APPROACHABILITY and proficiency in data tools, methods, and procedures
• Demonstrate the FEASIBILITY of the project and its ability to meet set goals within the designated timeline
• Exhibit your COMMAND and expertise in the chosen topic
• Lastly, secure FUNDING by impressing sponsoring or funding agencies with the value of your proposal.

Different Types of Research Proposals

Tips for writing a strong research proposal.

• Use Clear and Concise Writing: Communicate ideas effectively using straightforward language. Keep sentences and paragraphs concise for clarity.
• Create an Effective Structure: Organize your proposal logically with an attention-grabbing introduction, a clear problem statement, objectives, methodology, and a well-defined conclusion.
• Address Potential Limitations: Acknowledge and overcome potential challenges proactively to demonstrate your preparedness.
• Seek Feedback: Gather input from mentors or colleagues to enhance your proposal and align with audience expectations.
• Justify the Significance: Articulate the importance of your research and its contribution to the field.
• Research Methodology: Describe your research approach, including data collection, analysis, and ethical considerations.
• Timeline and Feasibility: Present a realistic timeline considering available resources.
• Proofread and Edit: Ensure a polished and professional proposal through thorough proofreading and editing.

Common Blunders That Can Jeopardize Your Research Proposal

• Lack of Clarity: One of the most common mistakes is a lack of clarity in presenting the research problem, objectives, or methodology. Ensure that your proposal is clear, concise, and easy to understand for readers from diverse backgrounds.
• Inadequate Literature Review: A strong literature review is crucial to situate your research within the existing knowledge. Avoid the mistake of providing a superficial or incomplete review. Instead, conduct a comprehensive literature search and critically analyze relevant studies to demonstrate your understanding of the field.
• Unrealistic Timelines: Setting unrealistic timelines can undermine the feasibility and credibility of your research proposal. Be realistic when estimating the time required for each phase of your study and consider potential delays or challenges that may arise.
• Insufficient Attention to Ethical Considerations: Research involving human subjects or sensitive data requires careful attention to ethical considerations. Failure to address ethical concerns can raise ethical issues or lead to the rejection of your proposal. Make sure to clearly outline your ethical framework and procedures for obtaining informed consent and ensuring participant confidentiality.
• Lack of Cohesion: Ensure that your proposal is well-organized and cohesive. Avoid the mistake of presenting disjointed or unrelated sections. Create smooth transitions between different components of your proposal to maintain a logical flow of ideas.
• Neglecting to Revise and Edit: Failing to revise and edit your research proposal can result in overlooked errors or inconsistencies. Take the time to review your proposal thoroughly, checking for spelling, grammar, and formatting mistakes. Edit for clarity, coherence, and conciseness.

Organizing Your Research Proposal: Structuring Guidelines to Follow

• Proper Citation Styles: Familiarize yourself with the required citation style, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago. Adhere to the specified formatting guidelines for in-text citations, references, and bibliography.
• Font and Margin Requirements: Follow the recommended font size and style for your proposal. Typically, a legible font like Times New Roman or Arial with a font size of 12 is preferred. Set standard margins, usually 1 inch (2.54 cm), on all sides of the document.
• Page Limits: Take note of any specified page limits. Ensure that your content fits within the designated length requirements without exceeding them.
• Proper Structure: Structure your research proposal with clear and logical sections. Include an introduction, literature review, research objectives, methodology, expected results, and a conclusion. Use headings and subheadings to organize your content effectively.
• Consistent Formatting: Maintain consistency throughout your proposal in terms of font, spacing, indentation, and alignment. Pay attention to paragraph breaks, line spacing, and the use of bullet points or numbering when appropriate.
• Proofread and Edit: Before finalizing your research proposal, carefully proofread and edit it for any formatting errors, typos, or inconsistencies. Ensure that your document is polished and presents a professional appearance.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

• This is a document that outlines the planned research project, including its objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes.
• This is important as it serves as a roadmap for your research, demonstrates the significance of your study, and helps you secure funding or approval.
• It should include an introduction, literature review, objectives, methodology, expected results, and a conclusion, along with other required sections.
• The length varies, but it is typically around 2,000 to 3,000 words for master’s programs and 5,000 to 8,000 words for Ph.D. programs.
• It is generally recommended to tailor your proposal to each specific application to highlight its relevance and alignment with the requirements.
• Choose a topic that interests you, aligns with your field of study, has sufficient literature available, and addresses a research gap or problem.
• Conduct a thorough review of existing literature related to your topic to identify gaps, establish context, and provide a theoretical foundation for your study.
• Ensure that your objectives are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). Clearly state what you aim to achieve with your study.
• This section outlines your approach, data collection methods, sampling techniques, and data analysis procedures, ensuring the validity and reliability of your study.
• Acknowledge potential limitations, such as time constraints or sample size, and explain how you plan to minimize their impact on the study’s validity and reliability.
• If your work involves human subjects, animals, or sensitive data, it is important to address ethical considerations, including informed consent, confidentiality, and potential risks.
• Break down your project into smaller tasks and allocate appropriate timeframes to each task, considering dependencies, resources, and potential challenges.
• If your research requires funding, it is beneficial to include a budget section outlining the anticipated costs for equipment, materials, participant compensation, and other relevant expenses.
• Follow the required formatting guidelines provided by your institution or funding agency, including citation styles, font, and margin requirements, and overall document structure.
• It is highly recommended to seek feedback from mentors, advisors, or colleagues to ensure clarity, coherence, and alignment with the intended goals.
• In some cases, revisions may be allowed after the initial submission. However, it is important to carefully review submission guidelines and communicate any changes to the appropriate parties.
• Make it stand out by emphasizing the uniqueness of your study, highlighting its potential contributions to the field, and clearly demonstrating its significance.
• Demonstrate your expertise and knowledge by thoroughly reviewing relevant literature, citing key studies, and providing a clear rationale for your research based on existing theories and findings.
• Depending on the guidelines provided, you may be able to include visuals or graphics to enhance the clarity and visual appeal. However, ensure they are relevant, clear, and appropriately labeled.

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Home / Microsoft Copilot Scenario Library / Sales departmental guidance

Using Copilot in Sales

Guidance by department.

• Build a business case
• Collections coordination

Human Resources 

• Augmented hiring workflow​
• Managing internal job transitions​
• Streamline benefits and compensation​

Information Technology 

• Create a project plan
• Document and communicate best practices
• Procure new IT solution

Marketing 

• Collect and share product feedback​
• Conduct market research
• Create a new offering​
• Creating a marketing Bill of Materials
• Product launch
• Create an unsolicited proposal​

Improve customer meetings​

• Make a pitch
• Respond to a customer compliant​
• Respond to a RFP

Looking for downloadable content?

Download our department kits, scenario guides, and day in the life guides to accelerate your Copilot implementation.

Goals and challenges

Based on Microsoft research selling is getting harder with 79% of sellers saying they need to support more account and are spending 70% of their time on administrative tasks such as research, planning, generating proposals, data entry, and internal meetings. ​

Copilot can assist with

Microsoft copilot opportunity to impact key departmental kpis.

Review our KPI overviews and view additional scenario details.

Impact on customer retention​

Improving the quality of sales materials and interactions helps with retention, But the rest of the company can contribute as well from improved support interactions and first call resolution to improved customer feedback processes to product development. Research shows a 0.8-1% increase in revenue from improved retention.

KPI — Impact on customer retention​

How copilot can impact on customer retention​.

Improve quality of customer-facing materials​

• Improve marketing content with clear value propositions​
• Improve quality of proposals and RFP responses​
• Improve quality of emails and chats​
• Prepare for the meeting​
• Focus during the meeting​
• Generate follow up communications​

Respond to a customer complaint​

• Respond quickly​
• Access customer records​
• Gets answer fast

Pursuing more opportunities can require input from: ​

• Account Manager
• Technical Sales
• Product support
• Product teams
• Customer Success

Microsoft AI solutions

• Copilot for Microsoft 365
• Copilot in Dynamics 365 for Sales
• Copilot for Sales

Impact on revenue per sale​

Copilot helps expand opportunities through cross selling. Sellers can use Copilot to get suggestions for cross selling opportunities and then research a better together story. Copilot also assists in pulling together quotes and proposals. Research shows a 2.5-3.1% increase in upsell or cross-sell.

KPI — Impact on revenue per sale​

How copilot can impact on revenue per sale​.

Create a proposal​

• Improve product training content​
• Use Copilot to compare sales across regions or other variables​

Improve targeting​

• Analyze current product mix and cross sell success​
• Training staff
• Product Marketing teams
• Product Marketing

Improve close rate

Improving the customer of marketing content and customer interactions such and emails and meetings can help to improve close rates. In addition, improving targeting, pricing analysis, and creating effective promotions can also improve close rate.​

KPI — Improve close rate

How copilot can improve close rate.

• Improve marketing content​

Create pricing and promotions​

• Use Copilot to research market conditions​

Increase number of opportunities pursued​

Simplifying and automating tasks like preparing for meetings, tracking tasks. sending emails, creating proposals, and researching customer and product information can allow sellers to pursue more opportunities. Research shows an increase of 0.4-0.5% in opportunities.

KPI — Increase number of opportunities pursued​

How copilot can increase number of opportunities pursued​.

• Use Copilot to organize information from past interactions
• Research company information​
• Learn how to pitch the product​
• Completely focus during the meeting​

Respond to an RFP​

• Use Copilot to gather proposal information​
• Have Copilot assist with emails​
• Create a bot with RFP responses​
• Training Staff
• Product Marketing Manager

Sales roles

Account manager

Technical sales

Customer success

Additional downloads

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