bs ms ma phd scd

What’s the Difference Between a Ph.D and an Sc.D Degree?

• By Emily Summers
• February 15, 2020

The digital age has provided many benefits to the modern world, not the least of which is making it easier for academics to not only get access to post-graduate courses and helping researchers from various disciplines gain information easily for their research. In fact, the number of doctoral degree holders in the United States actually doubled , with 4.5 million Ph.D’s being granted to academics around the country in 2019 alone, and that’s not including the other post-graduate degrees like Masters Degrees, MFA’s, MBA’s, and of course, Sc.D.

A Ph.D and a Sc.D sound quite similar: they’re both doctorates, albeit one is for Philosophy and one is for Science, and both require original research that forwards your chosen discipline. However, they have crucial differences that make them only relevant to their particular field. When choosing which post-graduate degree to take, it’s important to know the difference between Sc.D. vs. Ph.D. so that you can choose a degree that suits both your profession as well as your chosen field of study, and whether or not you’ll be pursuing more research into that field.

What is a Ph.D (Doctor of Philosophy)?

Also known as a Doctor of Philosophy, a Ph.D is perhaps one of the most commonly awarded post-graduate degrees in the country , and the most well-known. It’s an indication that an individual has achieved mastery in a specific field of study and has greatly contributed to the knowledge-base of that field. Ph.D’s are awarded for a wide array of disciplines, from social sciences like comparative literature and political studies, to STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) subjects like molecular biology or theoretical physics. Ph.D holders are trained at the highest levels of research mastery, and are usually, but not always, chosen to teach as professors in universities.

Ph.D holders are usually given two career paths after graduation: tenure track and research track. Tenure-track Ph.D graduates usually continue teaching at the university where they achieved their Ph.D, usually teaching either masteral or doctoral level students and continuing to publish papers about their field of study. Meanwhile, research-track Ph.D holders almost-always choose to work/study in research institutions, furthering their knowledge about a particular subject and more aggressively publishing papers in their chosen field.

What is a Sc.D. (Doctor of Science)?

Also known as Doctor of Science, an Sc.D is one of the lesser-known post-graduate degrees in the country, and one that people aren’t completely familiar with. An Sc.D is basically the same as a Ph.D, except that an Sc.D is often awarded to people graduating in a STEM field. In the United States, an Sc.D is considered equal in training, mastery level, and prestige, as a Ph.D. However, in many countries across Europe, an Sc.D is considered higher than a Ph.D, with the latter representing the start of a person’s mastery in a particular field, in this case, a scientific one.

For example, in England, a Ph.D is usually awarded to candidates after the completion of a written thesis and an oral examination of that theses. An Sc.D, on the other hand, is awarded after a candidate submits an entire portfolio of works, including a thesis as well as further research. This means that, at least in England, a Ph.D is awarded at the start of an academic career while an Sc.D is awarded much, much later.

What’s the Difference Between a Ph.D and a Sc.D?

In the United States, the difference between a Ph.D and a Sc.D is that the former is awarded to most, if not all, disciplines, while a Sc.D is awarded to science or STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) disciplines. This means that, in the United States at least, a Ph.D and a Sc.D are equal to one another in terms of telling people about an individual’s mastery of a particular skill, training, and prestige. A Ph.D holder and a Sc.D holder are viewed as peers and equals by most, if not all, American universities.

Meanwhile, in Europe, the difference between a Ph.D and a Sc.D is that the former is awarded at the start of an academic career, while the Sc.D is awarded much later, after the individual has built up an impressive body of work.

About the Author

Emily summers.

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MA, MBA, BS, MS, MSW, PhD – What Does It Stand For?

There are lots of benefits of obtaining a degree, be it associate, B.A., M.A. or Ph.D.

Of course, obtaining a degree can be quite expensive but still, there are lots of people who consider it a good investment.

Nevertheless, making a decision about a degree, you want or need to obtain, you need to understand what all these acronyms mean.

Also, what is the difference between, for example, a B.B.A. and a BSN?

If you want to learn about all these aspects, keep reading the article.

In this article, you can find information about all the available degrees and their specifics.

Article Table of Contents

• 1.1 A.A. Associate of Arts
• 1.2 A.S. Associate of Science
• 2.1 B.A. Bachelor of Arts
• 2.2 B.S. Bachelor of Science
• 2.3 B.F.A. Bachelor of Fine Arts
• 2.4 B.B.A. Bachelor of Business Administration
• 2.5 B.Arch Bachelor of Architecture
• 2.6 BSN Bachelor of Science in Nursing
• 2.7 B.E. Bachelor of Engineering
• 3.1 M.A. Master of Arts
• 3.2 M.B.A. Master of Business Administration
• 3.3 M.S. Master of Science
• 3.4 M.S.W. Master of Social Work
• 4.1 Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy
• 4.2 Psy.D. Doctor of Psychology
• 5.1 What Do Those Letters Stand For?
• 5.2 What Is the Difference Between Arts and Science Degrees?
• 5.3 What Designations Exist for Doctoral Students?
• 5.4 What Other Specialized Degrees Exist?

Associate Degrees

Full-time students can obtain an associate degree in two years but part-time students may need more time to complete their training.

It is an undergraduate degree and it can be obtained at vocational schools, community, and technical colleges as well as some universities.

There are 3 main categories of an associate degree:

• A.A. – Associate of Arts
• A.S – Associate of Science
• A.A.S – Associate of Applied Science

If you are interested in technical or vocational career options, an associate degree is a perfect option for you.

You just need to get some post-secondary education to enroll in one of these careers.

It is a formal degree that can be obtained in the shortest period of time and with minimal expenses.

Also, it is a perfect stepping stone for those who plan to get a four-year degree in the future.

After completing such training program, you can transfer your credits towards a bachelor’s degree.

“Graduates with an associate degree had median annual salary of $50,230, compared with $36,210 for high school graduates. They also had a better unemployment rate.”  *Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2015

A.A. Associate of Arts

The associate of arts – it is an entry-level undergraduate degree that can be obtained after completion of two years of training.

It can be obtained at junior or community college, trade school or technical school.

Most students apply for it to make it easier to get a bachelor’s degree in the future.

A.S. Associate of Science

A.S. Associate of Science is similar to A.A and it can be obtained just after two years of full-time training.

To obtain this degree, you need to complete a program related to science or technology.

Read more:  Associate Vs. Traditional Education: Differences & Similarities

Bachelor’s Degrees

Most students tend to apply for a bachelor’s degree.

In other words, it is one of the most popular degree options when it comes to post-secondary education.

Also, it is a minimal training requirement for a whole variety of career options.

To obtain this degree, in most cases, you need to complete a four-year training program on a full-time basis.

Nevertheless, in some cases, you may need more time to obtain this degree or you can apply for an accelerated course and obtain your degree faster.

There are two main types of degree – Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) and the Bachelor of Science (B.S.).

Also, there are some other variants usually related to some more specific areas such as Science in Nursing.

Typical Bachelor’s degree course contains 120-semester credits and half of them is general and liberal art disciplines.

The other half – it is subjects related to your majors.

“Bachelor’s degree holders had median annual wages of $70,400 in 2015 — nearly twice the median wages for all occupations and nearly $20,000 more per year than graduates with an associate degree.” *Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2015

B.A. Bachelor of Arts

Bachelor of Arts is a perfect option for those who want to pursue a career in such fields as liberal arts, humanities or social sciences such as English, creative writing, fine arts or political science.

To obtain it, you need to complete a 4-year program provided by a traditional school or university.

B.S. Bachelor of Science

Bachelor of Science is a perfect choice for students interested in science and technical areas.

B.F.A. Bachelor of Fine Arts

If you are interested in art history, theater, photography, and film studies, Bachelor of Fine Arts is exactly what you need.

B.B.A. Bachelor of Business Administration

Bachelor of Business Administration is a perfect degree option for anyone who wants to work in such spheres as management, accounting, marketing, etc.

B.Arch Bachelor of Architecture

Anyone, interested in architecture career, should apply for Bachelor of Architecture.

BSN Bachelor of Science in Nursing

This technical and hands-on training oriented degree is an ideal option for those who want to obtain a nursing license.

B.E. Bachelor of Engineering

Those who are interested in electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and computer engineering, should apply for a Bachelor of Engineering degree.

Master’s Degrees

Master’s degree – it is a graduate-level training course.

You need about two years of full-time studies to complete it.

You can apply for this program only after obtaining a bachelor’s degree.

According to the data, most graduate students have a full-time job so colleges and universities tend to offer flexible schedules for them.

In such a case, you need more than 2 years to complete your training but it will allow you balancing between your work and studies.

As we’ve already mentioned, you need to have a bachelor’s degree to be able to apply for a master’s degree.

It is a great opportunity to advance your career options or enter a career field that requires a higher level of education.

There are three the most popular master’s degree options:

• M.A. – Master of Arts
• M.S. – Master of Science
• M.B.A. –  Master of Business Administration

“The BLS predicts 13.8% growth in employment for master’s degree holders between 2014 and 2024 — the highest of any level of education.” *Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2015

M.A. Master of Arts

This graduate-level degree is the best option for students interested in the humanities, social sciences or fine arts.

M.B.A. Master of Business Administration

You can obtain the Master of Business Administration after completing business administration or management-oriented training program.

Training programs offered for this degree usually oriented around subjects that are closely related to business disciplines such as marketing, accounting, and analysis.

M.S. Master of Science

If you are interested in science and technologies, the Master of Science is a perfect option for you.

M.S.W. Master of Social Work

The Master of Social Work is similar to M.B.A.  as it is closely related to social work and most programs are based on related subjects.

Usually, these programs comply with a clinical track or practice track.

The first one is related to work with patients while the second one – to policy, politics, and management.

Doctoral Degrees

A Doctoral degree is the highest academic degree and it can be obtained only in a university.

To complete your training, you need from 3 to 8 years and sometimes even more, depending on the field you are interested in.

Some doctoral degree programs are available only to those who have a bachelor’s degree while others can be obtained after completing an undergraduate program.

There is a variety of Doctoral degree options but the most popular is the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.).

After completing this degree program, you can work as a teacher in a university or apply for some careers that require extensive training.

For example, psychologists and medical doctors need a doctoral degree if they want to be licensed.

“Workers with a doctoral degree had both the highest median annual salaries — more than $100,000 — and the lowest unemployment of any level of educational attainment.” *Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2015

Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy

To begin with, Doctor of Philosophy is a degree that is not only for philosophers.

It is related to a whole variety of disciplines.

Usually, it is programs that are oriented on some intensive researches.

You can apply for it if you already have a bachelor’s degree or a master’s degree.

Psy.D. Doctor of Psychology

This doctoral degree is quite similar to the standard doctorate.

However, it is a good choice only for those who are interested in psychology.

What Do Those Letters Stand For?

These letters can be divided into two parts.

The first letter indicates the level of the degree:

• B – bachelor’s degree;
• M – master’s degree;
• D – doctoral degree.

The second part of the abbreviation stands for the field of training:

• S -science;
• Ph – philosophy and so on.

What Is the Difference Between Arts and Science Degrees?

As we’ve said before, there are two main types of degree fields – art and science.

Usually, art degrees cover a wide range of disciplines and issues.

At the same time, being a “science” student means you need to have some deep, technical understanding of your field of interest.

What Designations Exist for Doctoral Students?

When it comes to liberal art disciplines, Ph.D. or Doctor of Philosophy is the highest degree you can obtain.

At the same time, those interested in clinical and counseling psychology can obtain PsyD, Doctor of Psychology degree.

Medical students can apply for an M.D. degree and law students – for J.D. (Juris Doctor) degree.

What Other Specialized Degrees Exist?

Among other degrees, there are Master of Social Work (MSW), Doctor of Social Work (DSW), Master of Education degree (MaEd), Master of Business Administration (MBA), or Doctor of Business Administration (DBA).

After learning about all the available degree options and their specifications, you can make the right choice.

Just make sure to check various school to find the program that suits your needs most of all.

Noteworthy Resources

• Bachelor’s Degree: What Is It?
• List of College Degrees: What Each of Them Mean
• Associate Vs. Traditional Education: Differences & Similarities
• 10 Best Majors for Undecided Students
• 15 Best Jobs for Psychology Majors

BA, BSc, MA, MSc, PhD - what do they all mean?

BA, BSc, MA, MSc, PhD (and more) are abbreviations of British degrees.

They reflect the specific level and discipline of a qualification achieved at university.

While most courses are conducted on a full-time basis, there are options for part-time, distance learning and other flexible learning arrangements.

Here is a breakdown of some of the most common qualifications and ones that Aberystwyth University offers.

• BA = Bachelor of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences;
• BSc = Bachelor of Sciences;
• BENG = Bachelor of Engineering (Software, Robotics and Physics);
• LLB = Bachelor of Law.

Achieved after 3 to 4 years of study. The extra year (for a 4 year course) can be from a year studying abroad or a year working in industry.

Integrated-Masters:

• MARTS = Masters of Arts;
• MBIOL = Masters of Biology;
• MCOMP = Masters of Computer Science;
• MENG = Masters of Engineering;
• MMATH = Masters of Mathematics;
• MPHYS = Masters of Physics;
• MSCI = Masters of Sciences and Humanities.

4 years course (3-year Bachelors, 1 year Masters) that enables you to secure a loan for the full duration rather than having to fund a Masters degree separately.

• MA = Masters of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences;
• MSc = Masters of Sciences;
• MBA = Masters of Business Administration;
• MPhil = Masters of Philosophy: Advanced research Masters degree;
• MRes = Masters of Research: Contains some taught and research elements;
• LLM = Masters of Law.

Achieved after graduation from Bachelors level, usually 1-2 years duration.

• PhD = Doctor of Philosophy: for a range of disciplines.

Achieved after graduating from Masters level, usually 3-8 years duration.

A wide range of Undergraduate, Postgraduate and Further-Research courses – across the Arts and Sciences – are available at Aberystwyth.

• ABBREVIATIONS
• BIOGRAPHIES
• CALCULATORS
• CONVERSIONS
• DEFINITIONS

The Big Bang Theory 2007

Sheldon Cooper: I'm Dr. Sheldon Cooper, B.S., M.S., MA, Ph.D., and Sc.D. OMG, right?

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FSU | College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences

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College of education, health, and human sciences.

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Differences Between B.S., M.S., & Ph.D. Degrees in Education

It's commonly known that individuals who possess advanced degrees have more career opportunities and typically retain a higher salary throughout their lives. But how does that break down for those who pursue varying degrees in education?

4-Year Education Degrees

For anyone pursuing a career in education, a bachelor's degree is a necessity to have a meaningful career in education. Most schools will only hire teaching candidates who have at least a 4-year bachelor's degree in Education or a related field, and all public schools in Florida require teachers to hold a Florida Educator's Certificate (which require a minimum of a bachelor's degree).

Career Opportunities for 4-year Degree , .

• Middle and High School Teacher
• Elementary School Teacher
• Textbook Rep
• Adult Literacy or GED Teacher

Major Benefits

Master's Degrees in Education

Master's degrees in Education allow people to further and deepen their knowledge of education and policies, and specialize in a field of their choice. Getting a master's degree is typically a two-year process, requiring around 33 additional credit hours to complete. Many schools, including the FSU College of Education, offer a range of master's degrees, many in an online format .

Career Opportunities for a Master's in Education

• School Principal
• College Professor
• Educational Consultant
• Education Analyst
• Curriculum Specialist

Ph.D.s and Ed.D.s in Education

For those looking to dedicate their career to research, high-level teaching, and policy directorships, Ph.D.s and Ed.D.s are available. Beyond what you'll learn as a master's candidate, doctoral students in education research policy and techniques to find ways to have a larger impact on the education industry as a whole.

Career Opportunities for Ph.D.s and Ed.D.s in Education

• College or University Professor
• Lead Researcher
• Educational Policy Director at the Local, State, and Federal Level

Along with many opportunities that allow for higher income levels, gaining a Ph.D. or Ed.D. in Education gives graduates the ability to work as researchers and executive-level policy directors.   Learn More About Our Graduate Programs  

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Materials Science & Engineering MS/PhD

The Department of Materials Science and Engineering offers three graduate degree programs: the Master of Engineering (MEng), 5th Year Bachelor of Science and Master of Science (BS/MS), and the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).

Master of Engineering (MEng)

In collaboration with other departments in the College of Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering is offering a professional masters degree. The accelerated program is designed to develop professional engineering leaders in materials science and engineering who are seeking knowledge and leadership experience in MSE.

Prospective students will be engineers, typically with industrial experience, who aspire to substantially advance in their careers and ultimately to lead large, complex organizations, both in the public and private sectors.

You may choose to apply to either the full-time one-year program or part-time program for working professionals. You will be asked to choose which option you will be considered for during the application process. Both options employ the same standards and criteria for admissions.

5th Year Bachelor of Science and Master of Science (BS/MS)

The Department of Materials Science and Engineering offers a five-year combined BS/MS program to our undergraduate student cohort. In this program, the existing four-year undergraduate program (BS) will be augmented with a fifth year of graduate study that provides a professionally-oriented component, preparing students for careers in engineering or engineering management within the business, government, and industrial sectors. This five-year program emphasizes interdisciplinary study through an independent project coupled to coursework.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Students pursuing the PhD may also declare a designated emphasis (DE) in one of the following programs: Communication, Computation, and Statistics; Computational and Genomic Biology; Computational Science and Engineering; Energy Science and Technology; or Nanoscale Science and Engineering.

Contact Info

[email protected]

Berkeley, CA 94720

At a Glance

Department(s)

Materials Science & Engineering

Admit Term(s)

Application Deadline

December 4, 2023

Degree Type(s)

Masters / Professional

Degree Awarded

GRE Requirements

Undergraduate Admissions

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Learn about requirements, deadlines, financial aid, and opportunities for professional preparation in our world-class programs.

MA & MS Applicants

• Requirements & Deadlines
• Tuition & Fees
• Visit Us Virtually
• MA & MS Apply

PhD & MFA Applicants

• Fellowship Aid
• Contact GRS PhD Admissions
• PhD & MFA Apply
• Dean’s Corner
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• Research & Discovery

MA and MS Academics

The graduate school of arts & sciences at boston university: a hub of intellectual discovery.

Graduate education at Boston University draws on the strength of our faculty, research programs, and facilities, as well as the historical and cultural advantages of our Boston location. With a richly international student body and a faculty fully engaged at the frontiers of knowledge, Boston University’s Graduate School of Arts & Sciences is making serious contributions to the intellectual developments of our time.

Our emphasis is on the individual graduate student, beginning with the proper match among interests, programs, and faculty advisors and continuing with a sustained concern for the student’s development as a researcher, scholar, practitioner, teacher, and professional.  We welcome students of every background and viewpoint and strive to provide an environment that supports and encourages their valued contributions.  Our programs are designed to build a solid foundation for a successful future both here at Boston University and beyond.

The Graduate School of Arts & Sciences offers 40 professional MA and MS programs in the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Additionally, there are several certificate programs that current master’s students can take advantage of while completing their degree. These certificate programs allow students to broaden their studies and create a path unique to their interests. We invite you to explore the details, programs and requirements, and application deadlines for your program of interest.

Accreditations and Memberships

Boston University is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges, Inc.; is a member of the Association of American Universities (AAU); is recognized by the University of the State of New York; and is a member of the following agencies: the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers; the American Council of Learned Societies; Universities Research Association; EDUCOM Interuniversity Communications Council; and the National Association of Schools and Colleges of the United Methodist Church.

The Department of Chemistry of the College of Arts & Sciences is accredited by the American Chemical Society; programs in clinical and counseling psychology in the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences are accredited by the American Psychological Association.

The Graduate School of Arts & Sciences is a charter member of the Council of Graduate Schools of the United States.

50 Comments

Who uses their Bachelor’s as a post nominal?

well maybe because the degrees abbreviations are not the same in the whole world..if I told you ours I bet you wouldn´t know what they mean 😉

for those of you who don’t know what the abbreviations are, Bachelor of Science, Master of Science, Master of Arts, Doctor of Philosophy, and Doctor of Science (Oh My God)

Hippie-dippie suit, hippie-dippie joke! Sheldon is smooth.

omg, hes crazy xD

0:01 raj tomando bebida pra falar com mulheres 😂😂😂💔

– Good morning, and welcome to science and society. – I am Dr. Sheldon Cooper(BS, MS, MA, PhD and ScD). – OMG, right? – Perhaps that joke was a little too hippie-dippy for this crowd. – Alright.

Mystic Arts?

I LOVE THIS!!!!!!!

I call BS on that!

Majority of people obtain bachelor and master’s before PhD so this is redundant and super obnoxious lol

MS is Master of Surgery, right? Unless Sheldon is a Master Seaman in the Canadian Navy.

hahahha here em Brazil was dub with "wtf"

how can Sheldon get a MA without having a BA?

You don’t need to get a B.A. to be able to get a M.A. As long as you have a Bachelors then you can go to grad school and get either an M.A., or M.S. (or Ph.D, etc.).

no, PhD is doctor of philosophy, try googling it if you’re under the age of 13

He did the pHd and scd at the same time

I would assume history, saying as he has a great knowledge of it, as seen when he plays counterfactuals and discusses famous people and such

Only 10 years? In my country, Medicine school takes 7. That’s the basic degree. Only then you can go for an specialization. Neurosurgery, for instance, takes another 6. So 13 years of your life, if you take all courses in due time and pass every exam. Otherwise, it could take an eternity. And, just for one Doctorate!

why would he have an M.A.?

BS: Bachelors degree takes 4 years MS: masters degree takes 1.5 years MA: masters of arts takes 2 years PhD: Doctorate in Philosophy takes 4 years ScD: Doctorate in Science takes 4 years But remember That Sheldon’s a genius and it only took him 5 years to complete all of that

How he has a ma degree without a ba ?

Why would he waste his time getting an MA after he got a PhD in theoretical physics? He looks down on any other field.

Sheldon Cooper has a B.S. which is 4 years, a M.S. which is two years and a Ph.D. which is about three years and an Sc.D. which is two years = 11 years.

he forgot ocd

I thought he said STD lol

at first I thought he said "….and STD,"

MA? Master of Art? why did sheldon take master in art?

google sure doesn’t

far less relevant. also, it is implied.

The  BS says it all.

hahhahaaa, exacly 😉

That’s offensive. I’m under 13 and I already know the differences between these degrees without Google.

I though you meant it’d take 10 years for you to reach what Sheldon has achieved, and it seemed such a short time for getting 2 Masters and 2 Doctorates. I didn’t assume you were talking about Medicine, It was just an example, since it’s the longest career where I’m from.

you forgot LSD

In the program Sheldon don’t knows art. Perhaps MA is other thing, maybe PHD is Doctor of Physic

why are people arguing about the abbreviations of the degrees , there so easy and everybody should know them at an early age. People should know that there is an MA in physics even though it’s master of arts and doctor of philosophy doesn’t really mean philosophy but philosophy in ancient use to describe everything so they call it doctor of philosophy. Bachelor of arts and sciences are taken when you you are done with your undergraduate course work. I am 14 and i know that so don’t be a jerk.

M.A. is for Master of Arts and that can refer to the humanities, such as history, literature, etc. PhD is Doctor of Philosophy. It does not refer only to philosophy, but can be used in other fields as well. It shows advance knowledge in a subject.

Bsc – Bachelor of Science MS – Master of Science MA – Master of Arts PhD – Doctor of Philosophy SCD – Doctor of Science OMG – “Oh my God!” 😮

Bachelor of Science, Master of Science, Master of Arts, Doctor of Philosophy, Doctor of Science.

Literally Sheldon’s best joke on the show. Too bad no one laughed lol

which season, which episode?

bsng bsng hong kong

Sheldon had a great sense of humor early on. they ruined his character like everyone else’s pretty much

Me too !                                     Bazinga !!! Hehe…

I am a graduate of primary school, middle school and Highschool.

I thought you can only be awarded the Doctor of Science when you have spent over ten/fifteen years in the pursuit of research and a number of papers written.

Edit. Sorry my error. When I wrote 10-15 years it was in reference to the amount of research you’ve done not a time requirement.

What does BA, BSc, MA, MSc, PhD, DPsych, PGDip mean after a therapist’s name?

These letters refer to the therapist’s professional qualifications.

• BA  – Bachelor of Arts (BA or AB) is a bachelor’s degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences. A Bachelor of Arts is generally completed in three or four years, depending on the country and institution.
• BSc  – A Bachelor of Science (BS, BSc, SB, or ScB) is a bachelor’s degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years.
• MA  – A Master of Arts (MA or AM) is a master’s degree in the field of humanities and social sciences awarded by universities in many countries.
• MSc  – A Master of Science (MS, M.S., MSc, M.Sc., SM, S.M., ScM or Sc.M.) is a master’s degree in the field of science awarded by universities in many countries or a person holding such a degree.
• PhD  – A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., DPhil) is the highest university degree that is conferred after a course of study by universities in most countries. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. As an earned research degree, those studying for a PhD are usually required to produce original research that expands the boundaries of knowledge, normally in the form of a thesis or dissertation, and defend their work against experts in the field.
• PsyD  – Like a PhD in Psychology, the Doctor of Psychology degree (PsyD) prepares trainees to practice psychology in a wide range of clinical settings. A PsyD, however, focuses more on clinical practice and less on research.
• PGDip  – A postgraduate diploma (PgD, PgDip, PGDip, PG Dip., PGD, Dipl. PG, PDE) is a postgraduate qualification awarded after a university degree, which supplements the original degree and awards them with a graduate diploma.