U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

  • Publications
  • Account settings
  • Advanced Search
  • Journal List
  • BMC Public Health

Logo of bmcph

Alcohol marketing and drunkenness among students in the Philippines: findings from the nationally representative Global School-based Student Health Survey

Monica h swahn.

1 School of Public Health, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3995, 30302-3995, Atlanta, GA, USA

Jane B Palmier

Agnes benegas-segarra.

2 National Epidemiology Center, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines

Fe A Sinson

A largely unaddressed issue in lower income countries and the Philippines, in particular, is the role of alcohol marketing and its potential link to early alcohol use among youth. This study examines the associations between exposures to alcohol marketing and Filipino youths’ drinking prevalence and drunkenness.

Cross-sectional analyses were used to examine the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) conducted in Philippines (2011). The self-administered questionnaires were completed by students primarily 13 to 16 years of age (N = 5290). Three statistical models were computed to test the associations between alcohol marketing and alcohol use, while controlling for possible confounding factors.

Alcohol marketing, specifically through providing free alcohol through a company representative, was associated with drunkenness (AOR: 1.84; 95% CI = 1.06–3.21) among youths after controlling for demographic and psychosocial characteristics, peer environment, and risky behaviors. In addition, seeing alcohol ads in newspapers and magazines (AOR: 1.65, 95% CI = 1.05–2.58) and seeing ads at sports events, concerts or fairs (AOR: 1.50, 95% CI = 1.06–2.12) were significantly associated with increased reports of drunkenness.

Conclusions

There are significant associations between alcohol marketing exposure and increased alcohol use and drunkenness among youth in the Philippines. These findings highlight the need to put policies into effect that restrict alcohol marketing practices as an important prevention strategy for reducing alcohol use and its dire consequences among vulnerable youth.

Alcohol use is the most commonly used psychoactive substance in the world and is one of the leading causes of death and disability [ 1 ]. Alcohol abuse causes 3.2% of all deaths worldwide annually and also accounts for 4.0% of the global disease burden each year [ 2 ]. Research has shown that alcohol use is associated with alcohol addiction [ 3 ], other drug use [ 4 ], unintentional injuries [ 3 , 5 ], physical fighting [ 6 ], criminal activity [ 4 ], suicidal ideation and attempts [ 7 - 9 ], and increased risk of HIV/AIDS [ 10 , 11 ].

In order to address this global public health issue, the World Health Organization (WHO) recently prioritized the global reduction of the harmful use of alcohol [ 12 ]. Even with limited data, it is still evident that low and middle-income countries bear a disproportionate public health burden due to increasing alcohol consumption and limited or non-existent prevention policies and programs [ 1 ].

Alcohol use among youth is affected by a range of psychosocial and environmental factors. Relatively recent research has increasingly focused on the role of exposure to alcohol marketing broadly defined and its influences on youth drinking in particular. However, such research has been largely limited to high income countries, with a few exceptions [ 13 - 17 ].

Intriguingly, research on the predictors of alcohol use and its adverse outcomes among youth is scarce in the Philippines. Data from the WHO indicates that almost 9% of the Philippines population who are 15 years of age and older (estimated at 86 million) have an alcohol use disorder [ 18 ]. In addition, 25% of males and 8.3% of females (15-85+ years) are heavy episodic drinkers [ 18 ]. A related and also largely unaddressed issue in the broader Western Pacific region, and the Philippines in particular, is the role of alcohol marketing and its potential link to early alcohol use among youth. Since the 1990s, concern has grown about heavy drinking and alcohol-related harm, and the link with the growth in alcohol marketing that targets young people [ 19 , 20 ]. In the Philippines, new marketing strategies for beer and spirits are now being used to target youth and women, particularly by the large local companies, Asia Brewery and San Miguel Corporation [ 20 ]. Although the Philippines has a national legal minimum age for off and on premises sales of alcoholic beverages [ 18 ] and a recently enacted drunk driving law [ 21 ], there are no restrictions on the marketing of such alcoholic beverages to youth and minors. A high proportion of marketing expenditures are on non-media forms of promotion [ 20 ]. Alcohol company sponsorship of sports and cultural events is a major marketing strategy, which is under-researched and rarely addressed by policy makers [ 20 ]. Sponsorships at sports events in particular (which attract more young people) provide promotional opportunities that imprint brand names and products on young consumers and potential consumers [ 20 ]. Direct marketing includes brand promotions at venues or retail outlets at which drinkers can be approached directly, or creating the brand’s own events at which the public or invited customers attend. New brands and products, such as ready-to-drinks (RTDs) are often launched in this way to give people an opportunity to sample the product [ 20 ].

Analysts of the Asian alcohol markets describe RTDs as a starting point for young consumers moving from non-alcoholic beverages to alcoholic drinks. Growth in RTDs is anticipated in the Philippines among women and new young drinkers [ 22 ]. Marketing of RTDs in the Philippines began on a small scale but volume sales increased markedly as local companies began to compete with the imported brands led by Diageo Philippines Inc. [ 22 ]. There is intense competition between global alcohol companies such as Diageo, Heineken, Carlsberg, Anheuser Busch, SABMiller and Kirin to position themselves to get a share of the emerging markets in the Western Pacific region. Review of recent corporate reports of global alcohol companies shows that the strategy is to target growing countries with high youth populations [ 20 ].

In two of the few studies conducted on exposure to alcohol marketing among youth in a low income country, findings demonstrate that alcohol marketing, specifically through the provision of free alcohol to school-attending youth (ages 13–16), is relatively common in Zambia (30%) [ 23 ] and among vulnerable service seeking youth in Uganda (27.0%) [ 24 ] and that this form of marketing is associated with problem drinking and drunkenness [ 23 , 24 ]. Previous research conducted primarily in North America and Europe shows that exposure to alcohol advertising and ownership of alcohol promotional items has been found to increase the risk of alcohol use among adolescents [ 14 , 25 ]. Moreover, based on extensive research, it is clear that alcohol marketing also influences youths’ attitudes and perceptions about alcohol, which are related to expectancies and intentions to consume alcohol beverages [ 26 , 27 ]. In addition, youth who report liking alcohol advertisements are also more likely to use alcohol [ 28 - 30 ]. More troubling is the issue of the long-lasting effect of alcohol marketing exposure. As an example, research shows that exposure to alcohol advertising in youth predicts youth’s intentions of alcohol consumption up to two years later [ 31 ].

The totality of previous research indicate that alcohol marketing to youth is a growing public health concern and that this problem may be exacerbated among youth living in countries with limited alcohol policies and self-regulation by the alcohol industry [ 32 , 33 ]. This may be the case because of the resources available to the alcohol industry to promote their marketing efforts. Alcohol Justice (formerly the Marin Institute) is a group dedicated to respond to the alcohol industry and their marketing practices primarily in the U.S. They report that the alcohol industry spends more than $6 billion each year on marketing its products [ 34 ]. Unfortunately, many alcohol marketing practices are aimed directly at youth and those that are outside of the home (e.g., billboards, advertisements at sports events and concerts, buildings, newspapers and magazines, and on the internet) pose particular concerns because parents cannot typically shield their children from those exposures [ 35 ]. However, spending on these forms of marketing, labeled “out-of-home advertising” have increased by billions in recent years [ 35 ]. Alcohol advertising and marketing of alcohol products clearly increase intent to use as well as actual alcohol use among adolescents [ 26 , 27 , 29 , 30 ]. Additionally, recent research shows that youth are more exposed to alcohol marketing than adults and need stronger protections [ 36 ]. The increased use of digital media is set to make matters worse. Alcohol marketers are rapidly using social networking for their campaigns, and such media is used more heavily by young people which will likely exacerbate their exposure to alcohol marketing [ 36 ].

The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of alcohol marketing exposure in a nationally representative sample of youth in Philippines and to examine if there are significant associations between alcohol marketing and drunkenness among Filipino youth. Findings from this study will be important for prevention and intervention efforts that seek to reduce alcohol use and adverse health consequences among youth.

The current study is based on the Global School-based Student Health Survey, conducted in Philippines in 2011 among students in grades 1 st -4 th (N = 5290). The GSHS was developed and supported by the World Health Organization in collaboration with the United Nations Children’s Fund, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, and with technical assistance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [ 37 ]. The goal of the GSHS is to provide data on health behaviors and relevant risk and protective factors among students across all regions served by the United Nations. Country specific questionnaires, fact sheets, public-use data files, documentation and reports are publicly available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization [ 37 ].

The GSHS is comprised of a self-administered questionnaire, administered to students primarily 11–16 years of age. The survey uses a standardized scientific sample selection process, common school-based methodology, and a combination of core questionnaire modules, core-expanded questions, and country-specific questions. The Philippines GSHS employed a two-stage cluster sample design to produce a representative sample of students in 2nd-4 th year levels of Secondary Education or High School. The first-stage sampling frame consisted of all schools containing any of 2nd-4 th year levels. Schools were selected with probability proportional to school enrollment size. The second stage of sampling consisted of randomly selecting intact classrooms (using a random start) from each school to participate. All classrooms in each selected school were included in the sampling frame. All students in the sampled class rooms were eligible to participate in the GSHS [ 37 ].

Survey procedures were designed to protect students’ privacy by allowing for anonymous and voluntary participation. Students completed the self-administered questionnaire during one class period and recorded their responses directly on computer-scannable questionnaire answer sheet [ 37 ].

The current analyses are based on the restricted data file that includes an expanded list of questions. The school response rate was 97%, the student response rate was 84%, and the overall response rate was 82%. A total of 5290 students participated in the Philippine survey [ 37 ]. The sample consisted of 2,279 males and 2,986 females, and of the following age groups: 11 years old or younger (n = 20), 12 years old (n = 205), 13 years old (n = 980), 14 years old (n = 1,350) 15 years old (n = 1310) and 16 years old or older (n = 1384).

The alcohol marketing factors examined were seeing alcohol advertisements at sports and public events, during sports on TV, on billboards, in newspapers and magazines, seeing actors drink, possessing alcohol brand logo and being offered alcohol from an alcohol company representative. Responses to these questions were dichotomized to indicate any exposure versus none for each of the seven marketing variables (Table  1 ). The analyses controlled for the following potential confounders (all dichotomized): current alcohol use, bullying victimization, lack of friends, missing school, and illicit drug use (Table  1 ). Drunkenness, the outcome measure, was assessed through students’ reports of the number of times they had gotten drunk during their lifetime on a 4-item scale ranging from 0 times to 10 or more times. Responses to the outcome measure were dichotomized to reflect none versus at least one episode of drunkenness during lifetime.

Variable name, description and prevalence of variables examined in the GSHS study of Philippine school students (2011)

Logistic regression analyses were computed to determine the associations between alcohol marketing exposures and drunkenness using a 3-step model-building strategy. Model 1 included sex, age, alcohol use in the past 30 days, and usual amount of alcohol use. Model 2 included variables from Model 1 along with bully victimization, lack of friends, missing school, and illicit drug use. Model 3 included variables from Model 1 and Model 2, in addition to factors relating to alcohol marketing, such as seeing alcohol ads at sports events, fairs or concerts, or on TV, seeing actors drink, alcohol advertisements on billboards, and in newspapers and magazines, being offered alcohol from an alcohol company representative and having a brand logo item.

Analyses were conducted with the SAS 9.1 and SUDAAN 10 statistical software packages to accommodate the sampling design, and produce weighted estimates. IRB approval was obtained from the Georgia State University to conduct these analyses.

The prevalence for each variable examined in this study is outlined in Table  1 . Among participants, 23.3% reported current alcohol use and 20.7% reported drunkenness. The bivariate associations between sex, age, and alcohol marketing with current alcohol use, and drunkenness are presented in Table  2 . Boys were more likely than girls to report current alcohol use or drunkenness. Youth 16 years of age or older were also more likely to report alcohol use or drunkenness. Exposures to alcohol marketing through seeing actors drinking alcohol on TV, alcohol brand advertising during sports on TV, on billboards, possessing items with an alcohol brand logo and being offered alcohol from an alcohol company representative were associated with increased reports of current alcohol use. All forms of alcohol marketing exposures significantly increased risk for reports of drunkenness, except for newspapers/magazines. Seeing actors drinking on TV significantly increased reports of current alcohol use (OR: 1.48, 95% CI = 1.17–1.87), and drunkenness (OR: 1.25, 95% CI = 1.05–1.49). Seeing alcohol ads on billboards also significantly increased reports of current alcohol use (OR: 1.32, 95% CI = 1.09–1.59), and drunkenness (OR: 1.21, 95% CI = 1.09–1.36). Seeing alcohol ads at sports events, fairs or concerts significantly increased reports of drunkenness (OR: 1.71; 95% CI = 1.27–2.30). In addition, being offered free drinks through an alcohol company representative significantly increased reports of current alcohol use (OR: 2.22, 95% CI = 1.57–3.13), and drunkenness (OR: 2.17, 95% CI = 1.47–3.22). Alcohol marketing through receipt of brand logo items significantly increased reports of current alcohol use (OR: 1.86; 95% CI = 1.53–2.27), and drunkenness (OR: 1.43; 95% CI = 1.23–1.67).

Bivariate associations between demographic characteristics, alcohol marketing, and drunkenness among participants in the Philippine GSHS Study

OR = Odd Ratios; Significant Odd Ratios are presented in bold face.

Multivariate analyses presented in Table  3 , show that current alcohol use was the strongest correlate of drunkenness across the three models computed. In Models 2 and 3, having missed school and other drug use were also associated with increased reports of drunkenness. In Model 3, which examined the potential role of alcohol marketing factors, having received free alcohol from a company representative was significantly associated with drunkenness after controlling for demographic characteristics, personal competencies and peer environment (AOR: 1.84, 95% CI = 1.06–3.21). In addition, seeing alcohol ads in newspapers and magazines (AOR: 1.65, 95% CI = 1.05–2.58) and seeing ads at sports events, concerts or fairs (AOR: 1.50, 95% CI = 1.06–2.12) were significantly associated with increased reports of drunkenness.

Multivariate logistic regression analyses of the associations between demographic characteristics, alcohol marketing and drunkenness among participants in the Philippine GSHS (2011)

AOR = Adjusted Odds Ratios with all variables listed in the column included in the model. Reference groups were those who did not report specific risk behavior or alcohol marketing exposure. Significant Odd Ratios are presented in bold face.

This study examined the prevalence of exposure to alcohol marketing practices among nationally representative school-attending youth in the Philippines, and whether exposure to alcohol marketing is associated with drunkenness. The findings show that there is a high prevalence of exposure to different forms of alcohol marketing strategies. The most commonly reported exposures were seeing alcohol use by actors, seeing alcohol name brands at sport events or on TV and seeing billboards with an alcohol advertisement. However, the form of alcohol marketing that appears particularly troubling is provision of free drinks by alcohol companies directly to youth which was reported by 10% of the students. Moreover, receiving free alcohol from alcohol companies remained associated with drunkenness in multivariate analyses indicating that it appears to be a relatively robust risk factor for alcohol misuse. This issue regarding providing free drinks to youth has been observed in other countries [ 23 ] and warrants attention by researchers and policy makers.

It is clear from previous research that direct marketing of alcohol products increases alcohol use and problems among youths and those findings are corroborated by the findings in the current study. The results of this study indicate a high prevalence of current alcohol use (23.2%) and drunkenness (20.7%) among the school-attending youth in the Philippines., in addition to a very strong association between current drinking and drunkenness. Our findings are also supported by research in the U.S. that shows that distributing alcohol merchandise to youth predicts their alcohol use [ 38 ]. In this study, nearly 15% of youth reported owning an item with an alcohol logo on it. However, owning an item with an alcohol brand logo on it was not associated with drunkenness.

The findings of this study show that alcohol marketing strategies in the Philippines through providing free alcohol to youth and through print and television media appear to reach a relatively large population of youth. These findings regarding the association between provision of free alcohol to youth and self-reports of drunkenness, mirror those conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa [ 23 ]. These alcohol marketing practices, aimed directly to children, have been banned in other countries and have important policy implications for countries where such bans do not exist. The implications of the empirical findings from the current study clearly indicate that stricter policies to prevent underage alcohol advertisements are needed. Such measures need to be urgently considered and applied given the frequency and levels of exposure to alcohol marketing, in particular, the free distribution of alcohol to youths, as observed in the current study.

The timing is critical for new policy initiatives and prevention strategies aimed to reduce alcohol use among adults and youth [ 39 ]. Recent reports by the alcohol industry indicate that they will produce and sell cheaper alcohol to Asia and African markets in order to increase its consumer market [ 20 ]. The goal of targeting low-income consumers and creating affordable brews will be achieved through using local ingredients, and also utilizing inexpensive individual-sized packaging to make purchasing alcohol more affordable [ 20 ]. Previous research clearly highlights that affordability of alcohol is strongly linked to alcohol use [ 40 ], and that these new industry strategies are likely to have a negative impact on alcohol use and alcohol-related adverse outcomes among youth in the Philippines and the Western Pacific region.

Policy and intervention suggestions for agencies provided by the World Health Organization to counteract alcohol marketing and reduce harmful effects of alcohol use include regulating alcohol marketing content and the volume of marketing, regulating marketing in media and sponsorship activities of alcohol industry, restricting or banning alcohol promotions targeting young people, regulating alcohol marketing techniques like social media, developing effective surveillance systems to monitor alcohol marketing, and enforcing marketing restrictions [ 12 ]. More research is necessary regarding the exposure of youth to alcohol advertising and levels of consumption to gain formative information needed to counteract these marketing influences and inform policy makers to support and implement such strategies.

The WHO has taken an important leadership role related to underage drinking prevention in their Report on the Seventh Meeting of the Regional Advisory Panel on Impacts of Drug Abuse: Technical consultation on the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol [ 12 ]. Per the Report, mandatory as well as voluntary regulations of marketing of alcohol products need to be considered and included in a comprehensive strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. The Report also underscores that these measures need to be urgently considered and applied given the frequency and levels of exposure to alcohol marketing, in particular, the free distribution of alcohol to youths, as observed in the current study.

Although regulation of alcohol marketing to youth has been scarce in low and middle income countries, some progress is currently underway to enact policy in this area. [ 39 ]. In Zambia, bans have recently been implemented against the manufacturing and sale of strong liquor individual- sized sachets sold at very low prices, often in unlicensed bars and to minors [ 41 ]. Moreover, a recent commentary recommends that there should be a total ban on alcohol advertising in South Africa [ 42 , 43 ]. Additionally, the South African Minister for Social Development, Bathabile Dlamini, has stressed the need for restricting alcohol advertising in the country, in order to reduce the burden of social and health consequences of binge drinking among South Africans [ 44 ]. Researchers who have modeled the effectiveness of a ban on alcohol advertising on youth drinking in the U.S. found that among interventions shown to be successful in reducing youthful drinking prevalence, advertising bans appear to have the greatest potential for premature mortality reduction [ 45 ]. Another study performed an econometric analysis using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and estimated that a 28% reduction in alcohol advertising would reduce adolescent monthly alcohol use from 25% to between 24% and 21%, and would reduce adolescent binge drinking from 12% to between 11% and 8% [ 46 ]. This study also concluded that a total ban on all forms of alcohol marketing would results in further decreases in alcohol use and binge drinking among youth [ 47 ].

These same economists performed a study of 20 countries over 26 years and showed that a ban on all alcohol advertising could reduce underage monthly alcohol participation by about 24% (almost as much as a 100% increase in alcohol prices) and would reduce binge drinking by about 42% [ 47 ].

There are several limitations that should be considered when interpreting the findings of this study. First, the study is based on self-reported data of students in the Philippines. Accordingly, the findings may not be generalized to other populations or to youth who are no longer in school. Second, while our findings show statistically significant associations between marketing practices, other correlates, and drunkenness, more specific temporal ordering cannot be determined, nor can causality be inferred. Finally, the study did not include specific measures of other marketing strategies and educational experiences or other factors that may influence or confound the associations observed between alcohol marketing and drunkenness.

This study demonstrated that there are significant exposure to alcohol marketing and that this exposure is associated with alcohol use and drunkenness among school-attending youth in the Philippines. These findings highlight the need for leaders to prioritize implementation of policies that limit alcohol exposure and that restrict alcohol marketing practices as important prevention strategies for reducing alcohol use and its adverse health consequences among youth in the Philippines.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Authors’ contributions

MHS conceptualized the study, guided the analyses and drafted sections of the manuscript. JBP conducted the literature review and drafted sections of the manuscript. ABS led the acquisition of the data and provided contextual information. FAS led the acquisition of the data, and interpreted and reviewed analyses. All authors reviewed multiple versions of the manuscript and read and approved the final manuscript.

Pre-publication history

The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:

http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/13/1159/prepub

Acknowledgment

The authors thank Huang Yao M.A., M.S. for her contribution to the analyses of this manuscript. We greatly appreciate her dedication and assistance in the data management and analysis for this study as Dr. Swahn’s Graduate Research Assistant while a graduate student at Georgia State University.

  • Rehm J, Mathers C, Popova S, Thavorncharoensap M, Teerawattananon Y, Patra J. Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. Lancet. 2009; 13 (9682):2223–2233. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • World Health Organization. Global status report on alcohol and health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011. [ Google Scholar ]
  • Hingson R, Heeren T, Zakocs R, Winter M, Wechsler H. Age of first intoxication, heavy drinking, driving after drinking and risk of unintentional injury among U.S. college students. J Stud Alcohol. 2003; 13 (1):23–31. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Ellickson PL, Tucker JS, Klein DJ. Ten-year prospective study of public health problems associated with early drinking. Pediatrics. 2003; 13 (5 Pt 1):949–955. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Hingson RW, Heeren T, Jamanka A, Howland J. Age of drinking onset and unintentional injury involvement after drinking. JAMA. 2000; 13 (12):1527–1533. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Hingson R, Heeren T, Zakocs R. Age of drinking onset and involvement in physical fights after drinking. Pediatrics. 2001; 13 (4):872–877. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Cho H, Hallfors DD, Iritani BJ. Early initiation of substance use and subsequent risk factors related to suicide among urban high school students. Addict Behav. 2007; 13 (8):1628–1639. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Swahn MH, Bossarte RM. Gender, early alcohol use, and suicide ideation and attempts: findings from the 2005 youth risk behavior survey. J Adolesc Health: Official Publication of the Soc for Adolesc Med. 2007; 13 (2):175–181. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Swahn MH, Bossarte RM, Sullivent EE 3rd. Age of alcohol use initiation, suicidal behavior, and peer and dating violence victimization and perpetration among high-risk, seventh-grade adolescents. Pediatrics. 2008; 13 (2):297–305. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Baliunas D, Rehm J, Irving H, Shuper P. Alcohol consumption and risk of incident human immunodeficiency virus infection: a meta-analysis. Int J Public Health. 2010; 13 (3):159–166. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Fisher JC. Can we engage the alcohol industry to help combat sexually transmitted disease? Int J Public Health. 2010; 13 (3):147–148. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • World Health Organization. Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010. [ Google Scholar ]
  • Ellickson PL, Collins RL, Hambarsoomians K, McCaffrey DF. Does alcohol advertising promote adolescent drinking? Results from a longitudinal assessment. Addiction. 2005; 13 (2):235–246. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Hurtz SQ, Henriksen L, Wang Y, Feighery EC, Fortmann SP. The relationship between exposure to alcohol advertising in stores, owning alcohol promotional items, and adolescent alcohol use. Alcohol Alcohol. 2007; 13 (2):143–149. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • McClure AC, Dal Cin S, Gibson J, Sargent JD. Ownership of alcohol-branded merchandise and initiation of teen drinking. Am J Prev Med. 2006; 13 (4):277–283. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Snyder LB, Milici FF, Slater M, Sun H, Strizhakova Y. Effects of alcohol advertising exposure on drinking among youth. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006; 13 (1):18–24. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Swahn MH, Ali B, Palmier JB, Sikazwe G, Mayeya J. Alcohol marketing, drunkenness, and problem drinking among Zambian youth: findings from the 2004 Global School-Based Student Health Survey. J of Environ and Public Health. 2011; 13 :497827. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • World Health Organization. Global Alcohol Report: The Philippines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011. [ Google Scholar ]
  • Jackson MC, Hastings G, Wheeler C, Eadie D, Mackintosh AM. Marketing alcohol to young people: implications for industry regulation and research policy. Addiction. 2000; 13 (Suppl 4):S597–S608. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • World Health Organization. Alcohol Marketing in the Western Pacific Region. 2006. http://www.whariki.ac.nz/massey/fms/Colleges/College%20of%20Humanities%20and%20Social%20Sciences/Shore/reports/Final%20Alcohol%20marketing%202.pdf .
  • Republic act No. 10586. An Act penalizing persons driving under the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs, and similar substances, and for other purposes, congress of the Philippines. Fifteenth Congress. Third Regular Session. 2012. http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2013/ra_10586_2013.html .
  • Euromonitor. Alcoholic drinks in the Philippines. 2006. http://www.euromonitor.com/Alcoholic_Drinks_in_The_Philippines .
  • Swahn MH, Ali B, Palmier JB, Sikazwe G, Mayeya J. Alcohol marketing, drunkenness, and problem drinking among Zambian youth: findings from the 2004 Global School-Based Student Health Survey. J Environ Public Health. 2011; 13 :497827. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Swahn MH, Palmier JB, Kasirye R. Alcohol marketing and current alcohol use, drunkenness and problem drinking among youth in the slums of Kampala, Uganda. ISRN Public Health. 2013; 13 :Article ID 948675. [ Google Scholar ]
  • Anderson P, Chisholm D, Fuhr DC. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policies and programmes to reduce the harm caused by alcohol. Lancet. 2009; 13 (9682):2234–2246. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Fleming K, Thorson E, Atkin CK. Alcohol advertising exposure and perceptions: links with alcohol expectancies and intentions to drink or drinking in underaged youth and young adults. J Health Commun. 2004; 13 (1):3–29. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Wyllie A, Zhang JF, Casswell S. Responses to televised alcohol advertisements associated with drinking behaviour of 10-17-year-olds. Addiction. 1998; 13 (3):361–371. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Kwate NO, Meyer IH. Association between residential exposure to outdoor alcohol advertising and problem drinking among African American women in New York City. Am J Public Health. 2009; 13 (2):228–230. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Unger JB, Johnson CA, Rohrbach LA. Recognition and liking of tobacco and alcohol advertisements among adolescents: relationships with susceptibility to substance use. Prev Med. 1995; 13 (5):461–466. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Unger JB, Schuster D, Zogg J, Dent CW, Stacy AW. Alcohol advertising exposure and adolescent alcohol use: a comparison of exposure measures. Addiction Res Theor. 2003; 13 (3):177–193. [ Google Scholar ]
  • Casswell S, Pledger M, Pratap S. Trajectories of drinking from 18 to 26 years: identification and prediction. Addiction. 2002; 13 (11):1427–1437. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Jernigan DH. The extent of global alcohol marketing and its impact on youth. Contemp Drug Probl. 2010; 13 (1):57–89. [ Google Scholar ]
  • Jernigan DH, Monteiro M, Room R, Saxena S. Towards a global alcohol policy: alcohol, public health and the role of WHO. Bull World Health Organ. 2000; 13 (4):491–499. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Alcohol Justice. Tactics: Advertising and Promotion. 2012. http://alcoholjustice.org/
  • Pasch KE, Komro KA, Perry CL, Hearst MO, Farbakhsh K. Outdoor alcohol advertising near schools: what does it advertise and how is it related to intentions and use of alcohol among young adolescents? J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2007; 13 (4):587–596. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Hastings G, Sheron N. Alcohol marketing: grooming the next generation: children are more exposed than adults and need much stronger protection. BMJ. 2013; 13 :f1227. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention a. Global School-based Student Health Survey. 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/gshs/index.htm .
  • Austin EW, Chen MJ, Grube JW. How does alcohol advertising influence underage drinking? The role of desirability, identification and skepticism. J Adolesc Health. 2006; 13 (4):376–384. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Casswell S, Thamarangsi T. Reducing harm from alcohol: call to action. Lancet. 2009; 13 (9682):2247–2257. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Chaloupka FJ, Grossman M, Saffer H. The effects of price on alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. Alcohol Res Health. 2002; 13 (1):22–34. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Zambian Government Bans Some Alcohol Sales. Zambia Reports. 2012. http://zambiareports.com/2012/04/16/zambian-government-bans-some-alcohol-sales/
  • Parry C, Burnhams NH, London L. A total ban on alcohol advertising: presenting the public health case. S Afr Med J. 2012; 13 (7):602–604. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Jernigan D. Why South Africa’s proposed advertising ban matters. Addiction. 2013; 13 :1183. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Dag E. South Africa: Conflict over ban on alcohol advertising. 2013. http://www.add-resources.org/south-africa-conflict-over-ban-on-alcohol-advertising.5169056-76188.html .
  • Hollingworth W, Ebel BE, McCarty CA, Garrison MM, Christakis DA, Rivara FP. Prevention of deaths from harmful drinking in the United States: the potential effects of tax increases and advertising bans on young drinkers. J Stud Alcohol. 2006; 13 (2):300–308. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Saffer H, Dave D. Alcohol advertising and alcohol consumption by adolescents. Health Econ. 2006; 13 (6):617–637. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
  • Saffer H. Alcohol advertising and youth. J Stud Alcohol Suppl. 2002; 13 :173–181. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]

thesis about alcoholism in philippines pdf

  • français
  •   BAHÁNDÌAN Home
  • College of Nursing
  • Master's Special Papers
  • Master in Nursing

Alcohol use in the family and other factors, their relationship to alcohol consumption among the junior and senior student nurses of the College of St. John-Roxas

Thumbnail

Thesis Adviser

Defense panel chair, defense panel member, share , description, suggested citation, shelf location, physical description, collections.

  • Master in Nursing [37]

Related items

Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.

Thumbnail

Psychosocial factors associated with alcohol use among high school students in a public school in Iloilo City 

Thumbnail

Critical analysis of Republic Act No. 10351 also known as “Sin Tax Reform Law of 2012”, an act restructuring the excise tax on alcohol and tobacco products and its proposed amendments and revisions. 

Thumbnail

Factors associated with degree of alcoholism in the households of Barangay East Valencia, Buenavista, Guimaras 

CPU Henry Luce III Library

EXTERNAL LINKS DISCLAIMER

This link is being provided as a convenience and for informational purposes only. Central Philippine University bears no responsibility for the accuracy, legality or content of the external site or for that of subsequent links. Contact the external site for answers to questions regarding its content.

If you come across any external links that don't work, we would be grateful if you could report them to the repository administrators .

Click DOWNLOAD to open/view the file. Chat Bertha to inform us in case the link we provided don't work.

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

  • We're Hiring!
  • Help Center

paper cover thumbnail

SMOKING CIGARETTES, DRINKING ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, AND STUDENTS' ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN A PHILIPPINE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Profile image of IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal ( IIMRJ)

2021, IOER International Multidisciplinary Research

This research ascertained the relationships between the smoking behavior, alcohol drinking behavior and academic performance of Science and Technology students in Dasmariňas National High School using descriptive-correlational method. Specifically, the study aimed to describe the cigarette smoking behavior and alcohol drinking behavior among high school students; determine the academic performance of the students; determine the significant relationship among academic performance, cigarette smoking behavior, and alcohol drinking behavior; and determine the significant relationship between smoking cigarette and alcohol drinking behavior. Data were gathered using a validated researcher-made test questionnaires and were further analyzed using frequency counts, percentage and chi-square test. More than one-fourth of the respondents who were identified drinkers smoked mostly 1-3 times per week, and the majority were mild drinkers who can consume 1-3 bottles of alcoholic beverages per week. The academic performance of the respondents belonged to the average level. This study reveals that frequency of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages affects the academic performance of the students. Drinking alcoholic beverages is highly significant to smoking. Results of this study serve as reminders for parents to provide more time to their children in dealing with the habits of smoking cigarettes and drinking alcoholic beverages.

Related Papers

Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse

Gilbert Botvin

thesis about alcoholism in philippines pdf

ojo olukayode

Roberta Ferrence

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

PRHSJ Volume 32 Number 2 June 2013

Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal , José Cangiano

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

Cheryl Rivard

Journal of abnormal child psychology

Denise Kandel

The relationships between specific quantities and frequencies of alcohol, cigarette, and illicit substance use and substance use (SUD) and other psychiatric disorders were investigated among 1,285 randomly selected children and adolescents, aged 9 to 18, and their parents, from the Methods for the Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders (MECA) Study. Logistic regressions indicated that daily cigarette smoking, weekly alcohol consumption, and any illicit substance use in the past year were each independently associated with an elevated likelihood of diagnosis with SUD and other psychiatric disorders (anxiety, mood, or disruptive behavior disorders), controlling for sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, ethnicity, family income). The associations between the use of specific substances and specific psychiatric disorders varied as a function of gender.

Joshua Eniojukan

The prevalence in the use of alcohol calls for concern especially in the hands of adolescents. This study therefore sought to determine the Prevalence and Patterns of Alcohol Use among Senior Secondary School Students in Abraka, Delta state, Nigeria. This was a cross sectional study among 456 respondents drawn from 4 randomly selected mixed secondary schools in Abraka. The respondents were Senior Secondary School Students who were selected through multi-stage random sampling. Data collected were analysed with SPSS Version 20. Majority (97%) of the respondents were aged 11-20 years; 52% were males; 95% were Christians and 77% lived with both parents. Alcohol use prevalence was 55%; there were more male(35%) than female(20%) drinkers; 66% consumed beer, 86% of them consumed alcoholic wine; 45% began drinking at 11-15 years; 42% drank at ceremonies; 10% drank for pleasure; 22% drank because they feel it was a sociable thing to do; 4% and 2% respectively drink because their parents and friends also drank.71% were currently drinking; Alcoholic wines are most favoured. Alcohol drinking habit was associated with gender but not with religion and class specialization. In conclusion, alcohol use prevalence among senior secondary school students in Abraka was quite high, with most of the students initiating the habit at an early age. The prevalent socio-cultural environment and traditions appeared to be a key factor in this community. There is need, therefore, to develop viable underage preventive programmes on alcohol use for adolescents in this community.

Harshitha Menon

Man on earth ever since had a major role to play in the development of him and the country, slowly was drawn to drink to relax, celebrate and socialize as alcohol is legal and a popular social activity. Alcohol taken in low-risk patterns is called Social drinkers. Many people who drink are not alcoholics. Alcohol in moderation is what keeps social drinkers merely social and not full-blown alcoholics. The precipice of alcoholism is slippery and anybody can slide down, no matter how much they think they will never become one. People who drink heavily is at risk for adverse health consequences (biologically) and the drinker be it social drinker or alcoholic develops guilt (psychologically) if the intake is crossing the regular limit. The encyclopedia of psychology defines Guilt as a cognitive or an emotional experience that occurs when a person believes or realizes accurately or not that he or she has compromised his or her own standards of conduct or has violated a moral standard and bears significant responsibility for that violation. It is closely related to the concept of remorse. Guilt prone, leads to feel low in esteem as they do not perform an expected active and responsible role in the family and ultimately to the society. So the present study attempts to find out whether the social drinkers and alcoholics differ in terms of guilt and self esteem. The sample consists of 100 members of which 50 are social drinkers and the remaining 50 are alcoholics. They are in the age group of 35 to 55 years. Purposive sampling technique is used to select the sample and Expost facto research design is being used. Guilt Questionnaire by Malcolm Miller, and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (1965) are used to measure Guilt and self esteem respectively.Independent t test (critical ratio) and Pearson‟s product moment correlation are used to analyse the data.

Addictive Behaviors

Ronald Knibbe

RELATED PAPERS

Armicah Gabo

Dr. Janvier Rugira

IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal

IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal ( IIMRJ) , MARY JADE S. REYEG

Douglas Gentile

Ethem Erginöz

Journal of Consumer …

Anne Lavack

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

Silvano Monarca

British Medical Journal

Robert Scragg

Luca Salmasi

Mallie Paschall , Robert Lipton

Andrew Booth , Karl Taylor , Alan Brennan

Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research

BMC Psychiatry

Lukoye Atwoli , Kiende Kinoti

Vicente MARTÍN SÁNCHEZ , Carlos Ayan

Adedayo Sanni

Psychopharmacology

Tiffany Blanks

Academic Emergency Medicine

Louis Ling , Felix Ankel

Yury Razvodovsky

American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research

MORUFU RAIMI

IOER INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH JOURNAL ( IIMRJ)

IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal ( IIMRJ) , Zorabel Maria A. Delos Reyes

Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences

Research and Statistics Center

Stockley Creina

obafemi oluwafemi

The New Zealand Medical Journal

Terri Green , Daryle Deering

Graham Colditz

Preventive Medicine

Peter Hornbeck , Yadong Cui

David P Mackinnon

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet

Sawitri Assanangkornchai

Journal of Substance Abuse

Herbert Kleber

Social Science & Medicine

Ricky Bluthenthal

Journal of Aging and Health

Maureen Benjamins

American Journal of Public Health

American Journal of Epidemiology

Mirjam Heinen

Ronald Lubz

International Tax and Public Finance

Sijbren Cnossen

Substance Use & Misuse

Marc Wittmann

IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal ( IIMRJ)

RELATED TOPICS

  •   We're Hiring!
  •   Help Center
  • Find new research papers in:
  • Health Sciences
  • Earth Sciences
  • Cognitive Science
  • Mathematics
  • Computer Science
  • Academia ©2024

Book cover

The Palgrave Handbook of Psychological Perspectives on Alcohol Consumption pp 25–50 Cite as

Psychological Theories of Alcohol Consumption

  • Richard Cooke 8 , 9  
  • First Online: 11 May 2021

1030 Accesses

1 Citations

This chapter begins with an outline of several psychological theories of alcohol consumption, including alcohol expectancy theory, the cognitive model of binge drinking, incentive motivation model, and the theories of reasoned action and planned behaviour, which have been proposed to account for alcohol consumption. An outline of each theory is provided before the evidence base for each is reviewed. Next, the chapter compares and contrasts the theories in terms of evidence before considering theoretical overlap between constructs and outlining studies that have tested multiple theories in the same sample. After a brief discussion of theoretical integration, a number of methodological issues with existing tests of theories are outlined and discussed. The chapter ends with suggestions for future research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution .

Buying options

  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
  • Durable hardcover edition

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50 , 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Article   Google Scholar  

Ajzen, I. (1996). The directive influence of attitudes on behavior. In P. M. Gollwitzer & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), Psychology of action (pp. 385–403). New York, NY: Guildford Press.

Google Scholar  

Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32 , 665–683.

Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1973). Attitudinal and normative variables as predictors of specific behaviors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27 , 41–57.

Ajzen, I., & Sheikh, S. (2013). Action versus inaction: Anticipated affect in the theory of planned behavior: Anticipated affect. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43 (1), 155–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00989.x

Atwell, K., Abraham, C., & Duka, T. (2011). A parsimonious, integrative model of key psychological correlates of UK university students’ alcohol consumption. Alcohol and Alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 46 (3), 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agr016

Article   PubMed   Google Scholar  

Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84 (2), 191–215.

Burgess, M., Cooke, R., & Davies, E. L. (2019). My own personal hell : Approaching and exceeding thresholds of too much alcohol. Psychology & Health, 34 (12), 1451–1469. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2019.1616087

Cameron, D., Epton, T., Norman, P., Sheeran, P., Harris, P. R., Webb, T. L., … Shah, I. (2015). A theory-based online health behaviour intervention for new university students (U@Uni:LifeGuide): Results from a repeat randomized controlled trial. Trials, 16 . https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-015-1092-4

Cooke, R., Bailey, O., Jennings, J., Yuen, C., & Gardner, B. (2020). Do preparatory behaviours predict alcohol consumption among UK university students? British Journal of Health Psychology , https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12489

Cooke, R., Beccaria, F., Demant, J., Fernandes-Jesus, M., Fleig, L., Negreiros, J., Scholz, U., & de Visser, R. (2019). Patterns of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm among European university students. European Journal of Public Health , ckz067. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz067 .

Cooke, R., Beccaria, F., Demant, J., Fernandes-Jesus, M., Fleig, L., Scholz, U., & de Visser, R. O. (2021). Predicting alcohol consumption among European university students using data from the CALIBRATE study. Unpublished manuscript

Cooke, R., Dahdah, M., Norman, P., & French, D. P. (2016). How well does the theory of planned behaviour predict alcohol consumption? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychology Review, 10 , 148–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2014.947547

Cooke, R., Sniehotta, F., & Schuz, B. (2007). Predicting binge-drinking behaviour using an extended TPB: Examining the impact of anticipated regret and descriptive norms. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 42 (2), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agl115

Cooper, M. L. (1994). Motivations for alcohol use among adolescents: Development and validation of a four-factor model. Psychological Assessment, 6 (2), 117–128. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.6.2.117

Cooper, M. L., Krull, J. L., Agocha, V. B., Flanagan, M. E., Orcutt, H. K., Grabe, S., … Jackson, M. (2008). Motivational pathways to alcohol use and abuse among Black and White adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117 (3), 485–501. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012592

Cooper, M. L., Kuntsche, E., Levitt, A., Barber, L. L., & Wolf, S. (2015). Motivational models of substance use: A review of theory and research on motives for using alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco. In K. J. Sher (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of substance use disorders (Vol. 1). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199381678.013.017

Chapter   Google Scholar  

Cox, W. M., & Klinger, E. (1988). A motivational model of alcohol use. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97 (2), 168–180.

Epton, T., Norman, P., Dadzie, A.-S., Harris, P. R., Webb, T. L., Sheeran, P., … Shah, I. (2014). A theory-based online health behaviour intervention for new university students (U@Uni): Results from a randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 14 . https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-563

Fearnow-Kenney, M., Wyrick, D. L., Milroy, J. J., Reifsteck, E. J., Day, T., & Kelly, S. E. (2016). The effects of a web-based alcohol prevention program on social norms, expectancies, and intentions to prevent harm among college student-athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 30 , 113–122.

Fernandes-Jesus, M., Beccaria, F., Demant, J., Fleig, L., Menezes, I., Scholz, U., … Cooke, R. (2016). Validation of the drinking motives questionnaire—Revised in six European countries. Addictive Behaviors, 62 , 91–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.06.010

Foster, D. W., Dukes, K., & Sartor, C. E. (2016). The road to drink is paved with high intentions: Expectancies, refusal self-efficacy, and intentions among heavy drinking college students. Alcohol, 50 , 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.11.004

French, D. P., Cooke, R., Mclean, N., Williams, M., & Sutton, S. (2007). What do people think about when they answer theory of planned behaviour questionnaires?: A ‘think aloud’ study. Journal of Health Psychology, 12 (4), 672–687. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105307078174

Gardner, B., de Bruijn, G.-J., & Lally, P. (2012). Habit, identity, and repetitive action: A prospective study of binge-drinking in UK students: Habit, identity, and repetitive action. British Journal of Health Psychology, 17 (3), 565–581. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8287.2011.02056.x

Goldsmith, A. A., Thompson, R. D., Black, J. J., Tran, G. Q., & Smith, J. P. (2012). Drinking refusal self-efficacy and tension-reduction alcohol expectancies moderating the relationship between generalized anxiety and drinking behaviors in young adult drinkers. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 26 (1), 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024766

Gray, J. A. (1970). The psychophysiological basis of introversion-extraversion. Behavior Research and Therapy, 8 , 249–266.

Hasking, P., Boyes, M., & Mullan, B. (2015). Reward and cognition: Integrating reinforcement sensitivity theory and social cognitive theory to predict drinking behavior. Substance Use & Misuse, 50 (10), 1316–1324. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2015.1005315

Hauck-Filho, N., Teixeira, M. A. P., & Cooper, M. L. (2012). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Brazilian version of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised (DMQ-R). Addictive Behaviors, 37 (4), 524–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.11.023

Kuntsche, E., & Cooper, M. L. (2010). Drinking to have fun and to get drunk: Motives as predictors of weekend drinking over and above usual drinking habits. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 110 (3), 259–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.02.021

Leigh, B. C., & Stacy, A. W. (1993). Alcohol outcome expectancies: Scale construction and predictive utility in higher order confirmatory models. Psychological Assessment, 5 (2), 216–229. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.5.2.216

Morawska, A., & Oei, T. P. S. (2005). Binge drinking in university students: A test of the cognitive model. Addictive Behaviors, 30 (2), 203–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.05.011

Newton, N. C., Barrett, E. L., Swaffield, L., & Teesson, M. (2014). Risky cognitions associated with adolescent alcohol misuse: Moral disengagement, alcohol expectancies and perceived self-regulatory efficacy. Addictive Behaviors, 39 (1), 165–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.09.030

Norman, P. (2011). The theory of planned behavior and binge drinking among undergraduate students: Assessing the impact of habit strength. Addictive Behaviors, 36 (5), 502–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.01.025

Norman, P., Bennett, P., & Lewis, H. (1998). Understanding binge drinking among young people: An application of the theory of planned behaviour. Health Education Research, 13 (2), 163–169. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/13.2.163-a

Norman, P., Cameron, D., Epton, T., Webb, T. L., Harris, P. R., Millings, A., & Sheeran, P. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of a brief online intervention to reduce alcohol consumption in new university students: Combining self-affirmation, theory of planned behaviour messages, and implementation intentions. British Journal of Health Psychology, 23 (1), 108–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12277

Norman, P., & Conner, M. (2006). The theory of planned behaviour and binge drinking: Assessing the moderating role of past behaviour within the theory of planned behaviour. British Journal of Health Psychology, 11 (1), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.1348/135910705X43741

Oei, T. P. S., & Baldwin, A. R. (1994). Expectancy theory: A two-process model of alcohol use and abuse. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 55 (5), 525–534. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1994.55.525

Oei, T. P. S., & Burrow, T. (2000). Alcohol expectancy and drinking refusal self-efficacy: A test of specificity theory. Addictive Behaviors, 25 (4), 499–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4603(99)00044-1

Oei, T. P. S., & Jardim, C. L. (2007). Alcohol expectancies, drinking refusal self-efficacy and drinking behaviour in Asian and Australian students. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 87 (2–3), 281–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.08.019

Oei, T. P. S., & Morawska, A. (2004). A cognitive model of binge drinking: The influence of alcohol expectancies and drinking refusal self-efficacy. Addictive Behaviors, 29 (1), 159–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4603(03)00076-5

Oh, H., & Kim, Y. (2014). Drinking behavior and drinking refusal self-efficacy in Korean college students. Psychological Reports, 115 (3), 872–883. https://doi.org/10.2466/21.18.PR0.115c31z2

Radtke, T., Ostergaard, M., Cooke, R., & Scholz, U. (2017). Web-based alcohol intervention: Study of systematic attrition of heavy drinkers. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19 (6), e217. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.6780

Article   PubMed   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

Schlegel, R. P., D’Avernas, J. R., Zanna, M. P., DeCourville, N. H., & Manske, S. R. (1992). Problem drinking: A problem for the theory of reasoned action? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22 (5), 358–385. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb01545.x

Urbán, R., Kökönyei, G., & Demetrovics, Z. (2008). Alcohol outcome expectancies and drinking motives mediate the association between sensation seeking and alcohol use among adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 33 (10), 1344–1352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.06.006

Young, R., & Oei, T. P. S. (1990). Drinking Expectancy Profile: A manual . University of Queensland.

Download references

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

Richard Cooke

Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, Liverpool, UK

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Richard Cooke .

Editor information

Editors and affiliations.

School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK

Dominic Conroy

Department of Psychology, Health and Professional Development, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK

Emma Louise Davies

Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA

Martin S. Hagger

Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland

Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK

Richard O. de Visser

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter.

Cooke, R. (2021). Psychological Theories of Alcohol Consumption. In: Cooke, R., Conroy, D., Davies, E.L., Hagger, M.S., de Visser, R.O. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Psychological Perspectives on Alcohol Consumption. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66941-6_2

Download citation

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66941-6_2

Published : 11 May 2021

Publisher Name : Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

Print ISBN : 978-3-030-66940-9

Online ISBN : 978-3-030-66941-6

eBook Packages : Behavioral Science and Psychology Behavioral Science and Psychology (R0)

Share this chapter

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

  • Publish with us

Policies and ethics

  • Find a journal
  • Track your research

IMAGES

  1. (PDF) Alcohol marketing and drunkenness among students in the

    thesis about alcoholism in philippines pdf

  2. 😊 Local literature about alcoholism. Living With An Alcoholic Spouse

    thesis about alcoholism in philippines pdf

  3. Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse

    thesis about alcoholism in philippines pdf

  4. (PDF) An epidemiological study of alcoholism

    thesis about alcoholism in philippines pdf

  5. 8.6.3 Alcohol Consumption and Crime Incidence in the Philippines

    thesis about alcoholism in philippines pdf

  6. Case Study Alcoholism

    thesis about alcoholism in philippines pdf

COMMENTS

  1. Alcohol marketing and drunkenness among students in the Philippines: findings from the nationally representative Global School-based Student Health Survey

    Background. Alcohol use is the most commonly used psychoactive substance in the world and is one of the leading causes of death and disability [].Alcohol abuse causes 3.2% of all deaths worldwide annually and also accounts for 4.0% of the global disease burden each year [].Research has shown that alcohol use is associated with alcohol addiction [], other drug use [], unintentional injuries [3 ...

  2. Inequities in alcohol-related harm in the Philippines

    In the Philippines, 21·1 deaths per 100 000 men are attributable to alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis, and 136 deaths per 100 000 men are attributable to cancer. 1. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology paid particular attention to disparities in alcohol-attributable harm within the UK population. 2.

  3. PDF Alcohol Consumption and Crime Incidence in The Philippines

    In the Philippines, alcohol plays a large role in criminal activities and violence. Excessive drinking has the ability to lower self-consciousness, impair a person's judgment and increase the risk . of aggressive behaviors. Because of this, alcohol-related violence and crime rates are high throughout the country (www.alcoholrehab.com). ...

  4. PDF THE FILIPINO AS THE QUINTESSENTIAL DRINKER: A Study of Alcohol

    3.75 litres of pure alcohol for thoselitres of pure alcohol for those 15 years and aboveyears and above and increases by 10% every year (Filipinos only third to Thailand and Japan) z38.9% of Filipinos are occasional alcohol drinkers, 11.1% are regular drinkers (13% males and 5.9%

  5. (PDF) Alcohol Drinking Behavior Among High School Students In Low

    A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the alcohol drinking behavior of adolescents and its related factors among 280 3rd year and 4th year high school students in one purposively ...

  6. Alcohol marketing and drunkenness among students in the Philippines

    A largely unaddressed issue in lower income countries and the Philippines, in particular, is the role of alcohol marketing and its potential link to early alcohol use among youth. This study examines the associations between exposures to alcohol marketing and Filipino youths' drinking prevalence and drunkenness. Cross-sectional analyses were used to examine the Global School-based Student ...

  7. Psychosocial factors associated with alcohol use among high school

    This study was conducted to determine the psychological factors associated with alcohol use among high school students in a public school in Iloilo City. More specifically, the study aimed to determine the demographic characteristics of the high school students such as age, sex and year level; the psychological characteristics of the students in terms of personality traits and peer pressure ...

  8. Alcohol use in the family and other factors, their relationship to

    This study was conducted to determine the alcohol use among family members and other factors, and their relationship to alcohol use among the third year and fourth year student nurses of the College of St. John-Roxas. A structured questionnaire was administered to 183 third and fourth year student nurses of the college. The results of the study showed that the respondents were mostly female ...

  9. PDF "Alcohol Drinking Patterns Among High School Students in A Government

    on alcohol use and pattern of drinking, there was no universal format followed. Aims: This study determined drinking patterns among high risk population namely the high school students and identify factors associated with their consumption of alcohol. Design, Setting and Participants: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted

  10. (PDF) Alcohol marketing and drunkenness among students in the

    A largely unaddressed issue in lower income countries and the Philippines, in particular, is the role of alcohol marketing and its potential link to early alcohol use among youth.

  11. Thesis About Alcoholism in Philippines

    Thesis About Alcoholism in Philippines - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site.

  12. (PDF) The Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Academic Performance: A

    Alison Dane Panes. Alcohol consumption is known to be an addiction that provides negative outcomes mainly on health, excessive drinking of alcohol brings adverse effects on human health, also on ...

  13. Effects Nof Students' Alcoholism on Their Academic Performance in Jose

    Alcohol (and we are referring here to beverage alcohol, also known as ethanol or ethyl alcohol) is a substance that acts on the central nervous system. Therefore, the site of action of alcohol in the body is the brain. It depresses the activity of certain functions of the brain. As such, alcohol is classified as a central nervous system depressant.

  14. Alcohol, Alcoholism and Conditioning: A Review of the Literature and

    Alcoholism is a grave social, economic and psychiatric problem which has attracted the attention of countless research workers and theorists. From a survey of the recent literature two conclusions emerge. Firstly, that there is at present no general agreement as to the aetiology, dynamics and treatment of alcoholism (1).

  15. PDF RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Alcohol marketing and drunkenness among

    Keywords: Alcohol, Alcohol marketing, Drunkenness, Philippines, Survey Background Alcohol use is the most commonly used psychoactive substance in the world and is one of the leading causes of death and disability [1]. Alcohol abuse causes 3.2% of all deaths worldwide annually and also accounts for 4.0% of the global disease burden each year [2 ...

  16. (Pdf) Smoking Cigarettes, Drinking Alcoholic Beverages, and Students

    Alcohol use prevalence was 55%; there were more male(35%) than female(20%) drinkers; 66% consumed beer, 86% of them consumed alcoholic wine; 45% began drinking at 11-15 years; 42% drank at ceremonies; 10% drank for pleasure; 22% drank because they feel it was a sociable thing to do; 4% and 2% respectively drink because their parents and friends ...

  17. Psychological Theories of Alcohol Consumption

    The cognitive model of binge drinking (Oei & Morawska, 2004) is an application of Alcohol Expectancy Theory to predict a drinking pattern, binge drinking, which has been defined as consuming more than a threshold number of drinks, or volume of alcohol, during a single drinking episode (e.g., HED, see Chap. 1).Like Alcohol Expectancy Theory, the model comprises alcohol expectancies and drinking ...

  18. (PDF) Psychosocial theories of alcohol abuse: an understanding and its

    Abstract. Alcohol abuse is reflected as a major public health concern in worldwide. It impaired many areas of life, including familial, vocational, psychological, legal, social, or physical ...

  19. PDF The Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Academic Performance: A

    ABSTRACT: Alcohol consumption is known to be an addiction that provides negative outcomes mainly on health, excessive drinking of alcohol brings adverse effects on human health, also on activities that focus on school performance. This research aims to examine the link between alcohol use and the academic success of high school students.

  20. PDF Alcoholic Beverage Industry

    1 "The PH alcohol market leads as one of the fastest growing in the world" by Anri Ichimura, F&B Report, www.fnbreport.ph. 04 June 2019. 2 "Alcoholic Drinks in the Philippines", September 2020. www.euromonitor.com. 3 "Don Papa: Changing the Face of Philippine Rum" by Cheryl Tiu, published on www.forbes.com.

  21. PDF UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES Joyce M. Aguillon Thesis Adviser

    Thesis Adviser: Professor Randy Jay C. Solis . College of Mass Communication . University of the Philippines Diliman . Date of Submission . April 2012 . Permission is given for the following people to have access to this thesis: Available to the general public Yes Available only after consultation with author/thesis adviser No

  22. (PDF) The Effect of Alcohol Consumption on the Academic ...

    Total of 200 respondents, 114 male and 86 females with ages ranging between 13 and 25 years participated in this study. Three hypotheses were tested using Pearson r, T-test, Anova, and simple ...

  23. Students Perceptions of Alcohol Use on University Campuses

    A report by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2020) showed that 53 percent of full-time college students drink alcohol in the US, with more than 13% participating in binge drinking. Similarly, a survey was. conducted among 7000 college students in New England and the result determined.