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  • Dissertation

6 étapes incontournables pour réaliser une dissertation

Publié le 2 octobre 2019 par Justine Debret . Mis à jour le 31 janvier 2024.

En français, la dissertation est un exercice d’argumentation qui se construit en 6 étapes. Nous allons vous expliquer comment faire une dissertation de A à Z.

Pour faire une dissertation, c’est très simple :

  • Lire et analyser le sujet
  • Trouver la problématique
  • Faire le plan de la dissertation
  • Rédiger l’introduction
  • Rédiger le développement
  • Faire la conclusion

Pour tout comprendre sur comment faire une dissertation, nous allons utiliser un exemple concret issu des annales du Bac S de philosophie de 2019.

Table des matières

1. lire et analyser le sujet, 2. trouver la problématique, 3. faire le plan de la dissertation, 4. rédiger l’introduction, 5. rédiger le développement de la dissertation, 6. ecrire la conclusion, présentation gratuite.

Vous allez devoir produire une réflexion organisée sur un sujet spécifique qui vous est imposé.

Le sujet peut être :

  • une question
  • un thème ou concept
  • une citation

Si vous avez le choix entre plusieurs sujets, sélectionnez celui qui vous inspire le plus et sur lequel vous avez le plus de connaissances. Il faudra le choisir rapidement si vous devez faire une dissertation lors d’un examen de quelques heures (dans les 10 premières minutes).

Une fois le sujet choisi, vous allez devoir définir chaque terme présent dans l’intitulé, afin de mieux le comprendre.

Exemple : Reconnaître ses devoirs, est-ce renoncer à sa liberté ?

Essayez ensuite de reformuler le sujet complètement à partir de vos définitions ou de synonymes.

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Lisez plusieurs fois la reformulation du sujet rédigée à partir de vos définitions. Au brouillon, écrivez toutes les idées qui vous viennent à l’esprit sur le sujet (exemples, auteurs, événements, …).

C’est à partir de ces connaissances et votre reformulation que vous allez pouvoir trouver votre problématique.

Petit conseil ! Utilisez cette question clé : à quel(s) problème(s) ces connaissances tentent-elles de répondre ?

Une question centrale va émerger et c’est à partir de cette dernière que votre dissertation va se construire pour créer un débat où s’affrontent des thèses divergentes.

Le plan d’une dissertation peut prendre diverses formes. L’important est qu’il réponde bien à votre problématique pour que vous évitiez le hors-sujet.

  • Utilisez votre brouillon initial sur lequel vous avez noté vos idées.
  • Classez ensuite ces idées par thématique ou argument.
  • Normalement, vous pourrez arriver à deux ou trois idées principales, divisées en deux ou trois sous-parties qui seront illustrées par des exemples concrets.
  • N’oubliez pas de rédiger une transition entre chaque grande partie (conclusion de la partie actuelle et introduction de la partie suivante).

I) Les devoirs de l’Homme, une soumission naturelle et nécessaire ?

1) Les devoirs, un concept pluriel et contextuel -> Expliquez ici quels sont les différents devoirs que nous rencontrons et en quoi il divergent en fonction des cultures et systèmes étatiques. -> L’existence de devoirs pluriels (travail, citoyenneté, devoir par rapport à la famille, devoir scolaire, droits et devoirs de l’Homme).

2) L’Homme contraint par nature ? -> Concept de contrainte imposée par la nature sur l’Homme (la nature de l’Homme). -> Hobbes et “l’Homme est un loup pour l’Homme” : il abandonne sa liberté et vit en société pour survivre car la nature de l’Homme est agressive.

3) L’Homme : un animal social contraint pour sa liberté ? -> Aristote parlait du concept d’”animal social”. -> Le devoir de morale et d’empathie chez Rousseau fait qu’un être est humain (naturellement) et sociable. -> Sartre et son concept de liberté et libre arbitre : l’Homme est libre et responsable de ses actes naturellement (c’est inné). C’est pour cela qu’il peut vivre en société.

– TRANSITION –

II) La libération de l’Homme par le devoir

1) La culture libératrice -> Le devoir nous permet de nous cultiver et donc de nous libérer de la nature qui est en nous (Kant). -> L’école et l’éducation, le vote, … sont des droits et devoirs qui nous libèrent de notre ignorance naturelle (innée) et de la contrainte du déterminisme. -> Freud et les pulsions de l’Homme qui sont contrôlées intérieurement pas le surmoi. La pression sociale et les devoirs sociaux nous permettent de nous libérer de nos pulsions et désirs en les rejetant dans le ca.

2) Le travail comme contrainte de libération quotidienne -> Le concept de travail comme contrainte/liberté (apporte l’estime de soi, mais nous contraint lourdement) avec Platon, Marx (“l’opium du peuple”) et Kant.

3) La reconnaissance comme liberté -> Kant définit l’autonomie comme la capacité à se donner ses propres règles et de les suivre. La liberté ne consiste donc pas à échapper à toute règle, à tout devoir, mais à se les donner et à y soumettre ses actes. -> Exemple du devoir de mémoire des survivants de la Seconde Guerre mondiale : processus de libération psychologique personnelle et rôle de devoir citoyen.

L’introduction d’une dissertation doit suivre une structure stricte. Elle introduit le sujet, la problématique et le plan.

Les parties d’une introduction de dissertation sont :

  • Une amorce ou phrase d’accroche.
  • L’énoncé du sujet.
  • La définition des termes et reformulation du sujet.
  • La problématique.
  • L’annonce du plan.

Le droit de vote est considéré par les institutions comme un devoir moral pour les citoyens, comme le rappelle l’inscription figurant sur les cartes électorales : « Voter est un droit, c’est aussi un devoir civique ».

Les devoirs explicitent un comportement à suivre ou à ne pas suivre. Ils préconisent la conformité avec une règle. Cette notion semble en contradiction avec celle de la liberté, car le devoir s’opposerait à une impulsion ou un désir qui définirait notre liberté.

Toutefois, cette conception de la liberté est naïve et limitée, car être libre ne consiste pas à faire ce que l’on veut. De même, le devoir ne se limite pas à une contrainte imposée de l’extérieur. Il peut s’agit d’une obligation qu l’on décide de s’imposer librement.

Nous questionnons donc ces concepts en essayant de répondre à la problématique suivante : peut-on vraiment dire qu’on renonce à sa liberté quand on fait le choix de se soumettre à ses devoirs, quand on exerce donc sa liberté avec son libre-arbitre ?

Notre raisonnement questionnera tout d’abord les devoirs de l’Homme comme une soumission naturelle et nécessaire (I), avant d’interroger la possible libération de l’Homme par le devoir (II).

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Le développement d’une dissertation comporte toujours deux ou trois parties. Si vous faites une dissertation en deux parties, vous devrez rédiger trois sous-parties pour chacune (deux si vous faites trois grandes parties).

Chaque partie soutient une idée centrale qui répond à la problématique, alors que chaque sous-partie s’articule autour d’un argument qui soutient et illustre l’idée directrice.

Vos arguments doivent absolument être illustrés par un exemple !

Entre chaque partie, vous devez rédiger une transition qui conclut la partie précédente et annonce la partie suivante.

La conclusion d’une dissertation est une brève synthèse du développement en indiquant nettement la réponse à la question posée dans l’introduction. Il est aussi possible d’ajouter une ouverture à la fin.

Notre étude a montré qu’au-delà du poids contraignant des devoirs que l’on peut sentir au premier abord, ils n’entravent pas notre réelle liberté. Bien au contraire, nos devoirs nous libèrent de la nature humaine qui est en nous et qui nous rend esclave de nos pulsions, désirs et violence interne. Reconnaître ses devoirs et les accepter, contribue à entretenir notre puissance d’agir et donc notre liberté.

Le concept de devoir reste très lié à celui de droit dans les démocraties occidentales. Le droit de vote est-il libérateur ?

Voici une présentation que vous pouvez utiliser pour vous améliorer ou partager nos conseils méthodologiques sur la dissertation. N’hésitez pas à la partager ou à l’utiliser lors de vos cours :).

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Debret, J. (2024, 31 janvier). 6 étapes incontournables pour réaliser une dissertation. Scribbr. Consulté le 20 mars 2024, de https://www.scribbr.fr/dissertation-fr/comment-faire-une-dissertation/

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  • Dissertation
  • What Is a Thesis? | Ultimate Guide & Examples

What Is a Thesis? | Ultimate Guide & Examples

Published on September 14, 2022 by Tegan George . Revised on November 21, 2023.

A thesis is a type of research paper based on your original research. It is usually submitted as the final step of a master’s program or a capstone to a bachelor’s degree.

Writing a thesis can be a daunting experience. Other than a dissertation , it is one of the longest pieces of writing students typically complete. It relies on your ability to conduct research from start to finish: choosing a relevant topic , crafting a proposal , designing your research , collecting data , developing a robust analysis, drawing strong conclusions , and writing concisely .

Thesis template

You can also download our full thesis template in the format of your choice below. Our template includes a ready-made table of contents , as well as guidance for what each chapter should include. It’s easy to make it your own, and can help you get started.

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Table of contents

Thesis vs. thesis statement, how to structure a thesis, acknowledgements or preface, list of figures and tables, list of abbreviations, introduction, literature review, methodology, reference list, proofreading and editing, defending your thesis, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about theses.

You may have heard the word thesis as a standalone term or as a component of academic writing called a thesis statement . Keep in mind that these are two very different things.

  • A thesis statement is a very common component of an essay, particularly in the humanities. It usually comprises 1 or 2 sentences in the introduction of your essay , and should clearly and concisely summarize the central points of your academic essay .
  • A thesis is a long-form piece of academic writing, often taking more than a full semester to complete. It is generally a degree requirement for Master’s programs, and is also sometimes required to complete a bachelor’s degree in liberal arts colleges.
  • In the US, a dissertation is generally written as a final step toward obtaining a PhD.
  • In other countries (particularly the UK), a dissertation is generally written at the bachelor’s or master’s level.

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The final structure of your thesis depends on a variety of components, such as:

  • Your discipline
  • Your theoretical approach

Humanities theses are often structured more like a longer-form essay . Just like in an essay, you build an argument to support a central thesis.

In both hard and social sciences, theses typically include an introduction , literature review , methodology section ,  results section , discussion section , and conclusion section . These are each presented in their own dedicated section or chapter. In some cases, you might want to add an appendix .

Thesis examples

We’ve compiled a short list of thesis examples to help you get started.

  • Example thesis #1:   “Abolition, Africans, and Abstraction: the Influence of the ‘Noble Savage’ on British and French Antislavery Thought, 1787-1807” by Suchait Kahlon.
  • Example thesis #2: “’A Starving Man Helping Another Starving Man’: UNRRA, India, and the Genesis of Global Relief, 1943-1947″ by Julian Saint Reiman.

The very first page of your thesis contains all necessary identifying information, including:

  • Your full title
  • Your full name
  • Your department
  • Your institution and degree program
  • Your submission date.

Sometimes the title page also includes your student ID, the name of your supervisor, or the university’s logo. Check out your university’s guidelines if you’re not sure.

Read more about title pages

The acknowledgements section is usually optional. Its main point is to allow you to thank everyone who helped you in your thesis journey, such as supervisors, friends, or family. You can also choose to write a preface , but it’s typically one or the other, not both.

Read more about acknowledgements Read more about prefaces

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An abstract is a short summary of your thesis. Usually a maximum of 300 words long, it’s should include brief descriptions of your research objectives , methods, results, and conclusions. Though it may seem short, it introduces your work to your audience, serving as a first impression of your thesis.

Read more about abstracts

A table of contents lists all of your sections, plus their corresponding page numbers and subheadings if you have them. This helps your reader seamlessly navigate your document.

Your table of contents should include all the major parts of your thesis. In particular, don’t forget the the appendices. If you used heading styles, it’s easy to generate an automatic table Microsoft Word.

Read more about tables of contents

While not mandatory, if you used a lot of tables and/or figures, it’s nice to include a list of them to help guide your reader. It’s also easy to generate one of these in Word: just use the “Insert Caption” feature.

Read more about lists of figures and tables

If you have used a lot of industry- or field-specific abbreviations in your thesis, you should include them in an alphabetized list of abbreviations . This way, your readers can easily look up any meanings they aren’t familiar with.

Read more about lists of abbreviations

Relatedly, if you find yourself using a lot of very specialized or field-specific terms that may not be familiar to your reader, consider including a glossary . Alphabetize the terms you want to include with a brief definition.

Read more about glossaries

An introduction sets up the topic, purpose, and relevance of your thesis, as well as expectations for your reader. This should:

  • Ground your research topic , sharing any background information your reader may need
  • Define the scope of your work
  • Introduce any existing research on your topic, situating your work within a broader problem or debate
  • State your research question(s)
  • Outline (briefly) how the remainder of your work will proceed

In other words, your introduction should clearly and concisely show your reader the “what, why, and how” of your research.

Read more about introductions

A literature review helps you gain a robust understanding of any extant academic work on your topic, encompassing:

  • Selecting relevant sources
  • Determining the credibility of your sources
  • Critically evaluating each of your sources
  • Drawing connections between sources, including any themes, patterns, conflicts, or gaps

A literature review is not merely a summary of existing work. Rather, your literature review should ultimately lead to a clear justification for your own research, perhaps via:

  • Addressing a gap in the literature
  • Building on existing knowledge to draw new conclusions
  • Exploring a new theoretical or methodological approach
  • Introducing a new solution to an unresolved problem
  • Definitively advocating for one side of a theoretical debate

Read more about literature reviews

Theoretical framework

Your literature review can often form the basis for your theoretical framework, but these are not the same thing. A theoretical framework defines and analyzes the concepts and theories that your research hinges on.

Read more about theoretical frameworks

Your methodology chapter shows your reader how you conducted your research. It should be written clearly and methodically, easily allowing your reader to critically assess the credibility of your argument. Furthermore, your methods section should convince your reader that your method was the best way to answer your research question.

A methodology section should generally include:

  • Your overall approach ( quantitative vs. qualitative )
  • Your research methods (e.g., a longitudinal study )
  • Your data collection methods (e.g., interviews or a controlled experiment
  • Any tools or materials you used (e.g., computer software)
  • The data analysis methods you chose (e.g., statistical analysis , discourse analysis )
  • A strong, but not defensive justification of your methods

Read more about methodology sections

Your results section should highlight what your methodology discovered. These two sections work in tandem, but shouldn’t repeat each other. While your results section can include hypotheses or themes, don’t include any speculation or new arguments here.

Your results section should:

  • State each (relevant) result with any (relevant) descriptive statistics (e.g., mean , standard deviation ) and inferential statistics (e.g., test statistics , p values )
  • Explain how each result relates to the research question
  • Determine whether the hypothesis was supported

Additional data (like raw numbers or interview transcripts ) can be included as an appendix . You can include tables and figures, but only if they help the reader better understand your results.

Read more about results sections

Your discussion section is where you can interpret your results in detail. Did they meet your expectations? How well do they fit within the framework that you built? You can refer back to any relevant source material to situate your results within your field, but leave most of that analysis in your literature review.

For any unexpected results, offer explanations or alternative interpretations of your data.

Read more about discussion sections

Your thesis conclusion should concisely answer your main research question. It should leave your reader with an ultra-clear understanding of your central argument, and emphasize what your research specifically has contributed to your field.

Why does your research matter? What recommendations for future research do you have? Lastly, wrap up your work with any concluding remarks.

Read more about conclusions

In order to avoid plagiarism , don’t forget to include a full reference list at the end of your thesis, citing the sources that you used. Choose one citation style and follow it consistently throughout your thesis, taking note of the formatting requirements of each style.

Which style you choose is often set by your department or your field, but common styles include MLA , Chicago , and APA.

Create APA citations Create MLA citations

In order to stay clear and concise, your thesis should include the most essential information needed to answer your research question. However, chances are you have many contributing documents, like interview transcripts or survey questions . These can be added as appendices , to save space in the main body.

Read more about appendices

Once you’re done writing, the next part of your editing process begins. Leave plenty of time for proofreading and editing prior to submission. Nothing looks worse than grammar mistakes or sloppy spelling errors!

Consider using a professional thesis editing service or grammar checker to make sure your final project is perfect.

Once you’ve submitted your final product, it’s common practice to have a thesis defense, an oral component of your finished work. This is scheduled by your advisor or committee, and usually entails a presentation and Q&A session.

After your defense , your committee will meet to determine if you deserve any departmental honors or accolades. However, keep in mind that defenses are usually just a formality. If there are any serious issues with your work, these should be resolved with your advisor way before a defense.

If you want to know more about AI for academic writing, AI tools, or research bias, make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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The conclusion of your thesis or dissertation shouldn’t take up more than 5–7% of your overall word count.

If you only used a few abbreviations in your thesis or dissertation , you don’t necessarily need to include a list of abbreviations .

If your abbreviations are numerous, or if you think they won’t be known to your audience, it’s never a bad idea to add one. They can also improve readability, minimizing confusion about abbreviations unfamiliar to your reader.

When you mention different chapters within your text, it’s considered best to use Roman numerals for most citation styles. However, the most important thing here is to remain consistent whenever using numbers in your dissertation .

A thesis or dissertation outline is one of the most critical first steps in your writing process. It helps you to lay out and organize your ideas and can provide you with a roadmap for deciding what kind of research you’d like to undertake.

Generally, an outline contains information on the different sections included in your thesis or dissertation , such as:

  • Your anticipated title
  • Your abstract
  • Your chapters (sometimes subdivided into further topics like literature review , research methods , avenues for future research, etc.)

A thesis is typically written by students finishing up a bachelor’s or Master’s degree. Some educational institutions, particularly in the liberal arts, have mandatory theses, but they are often not mandatory to graduate from bachelor’s degrees. It is more common for a thesis to be a graduation requirement from a Master’s degree.

Even if not mandatory, you may want to consider writing a thesis if you:

  • Plan to attend graduate school soon
  • Have a particular topic you’d like to study more in-depth
  • Are considering a career in research
  • Would like a capstone experience to tie up your academic experience

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A Step-By-Step Guide to Write the Perfect Dissertation

“A dissertation or a thesis is a long piece of academic writing based on comprehensive research.”

The significance of dissertation writing in the world of academia is unparalleled. A good dissertation paper needs months of research and marks the end of your respected academic journey. It is considered the most effective form of writing in academia and perhaps the longest piece of academic writing you will ever have to complete.

This thorough step-by-step guide on how to write a dissertation will serve as a tool to help you with the task at hand, whether you are an undergraduate student or a Masters or PhD student working on your dissertation project. This guide provides detailed information about how to write the different chapters of a dissertation, such as a problem statement , conceptual framework , introduction , literature review, methodology , discussion , findings , conclusion , title page , acknowledgements , etc.

What is a Dissertation? – Definition

Before we list the stages of writing a dissertation, we should look at what a dissertation is.

The Cambridge dictionary states that a dissertation is a long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one that is done to receive a degree at college or university, but that is just the tip of the iceberg because a dissertation project has a lot more meaning and context.

To understand a dissertation’s definition, one must have the capability to understand what an essay is. A dissertation is like an extended essay that includes research and information at a much deeper level. Despite the few similarities, there are many differences between an essay and a dissertation.

Another term that people confuse with a dissertation is a thesis. Let's look at the differences between the two terms.

What is the Difference Between a Dissertation and a Thesis?

Dissertation and thesis are used interchangeably worldwide (and may vary between universities and regions), but the key difference is when they are completed. The thesis is a project that marks the end of a degree program, whereas the dissertation project can occur during the degree. Hanno Krieger (Researchgate, 2014) explained the difference between a dissertation and a thesis as follows:

“Thesis is the written form of research work to claim an academic degree, like PhD thesis, postgraduate thesis, and undergraduate thesis. On the other hand, a dissertation is only another expression of the written research work, similar to an essay. So the thesis is the more general expression.

In the end, it does not matter whether it is a bachelor's, master or PhD dissertation one is working on because the structure and the steps of conducting research are pretty much identical. However, doctoral-level dissertation papers are much more complicated and detailed.

Problems Students Face When Writing a Dissertation

You can expect to encounter some troubles if you don’t yet know the steps to write a dissertation. Even the smartest students are overwhelmed by the complexity of writing a dissertation.

A dissertation project is different from any essay paper you have ever committed to because of the details of planning, research and writing it involves. One can expect rewarding results at the end of the process if the correct guidelines are followed. Still, as indicated previously, there will be multiple challenges to deal with before reaching that milestone.

The three most significant problems students face when working on a dissertation project are the following.

Poor Project Planning

Delaying to start working on the dissertation project is the most common problem. Students think they have sufficient time to complete the paper and are finding ways to write a dissertation in a week, delaying the start to the point where they start stressing out about the looming deadline. When the planning is poor, students are always looking for ways to write their dissertations in the last few days. Although it is possible, it does have effects on the quality of the paper.

Inadequate Research Skills

The writing process becomes a huge problem if one has the required academic research experience. Professional dissertation writing goes well beyond collecting a few relevant reference resources.

You need to do both primary and secondary research for your paper. Depending on the dissertation’s topic and the academic qualification you are a candidate for, you may be required to base your dissertation paper on primary research.

In addition to secondary data, you will also need to collect data from the specified participants and test the hypothesis . The practice of primary collection is time-consuming since all the data must be analysed in detail before results can be withdrawn.

Failure to Meet the Strict Academic Writing Standards

Research is a crucial business everywhere. Failure to follow the language, style, structure, and formatting guidelines provided by your department or institution when writing the dissertation paper can worsen matters. It is recommended to read the dissertation handbook before starting the write-up thoroughly.

Steps of Writing a Dissertation

For those stressing out about developing an extensive paper capable of filling a gap in research whilst adding value to the existing academic literature—conducting exhaustive research and analysis—and professionally using the knowledge gained throughout their degree program, there is still good news in all the chaos.

We have put together a guide that will show you how to start your dissertation and complete it carefully from one stage to the next.

Find an Interesting and Manageable Dissertation Topic

A clearly defined topic is a prerequisite for any successful independent research project. An engaging yet manageable research topic can produce an original piece of research that results in a higher academic score.

Unlike essays or assignments, when working on their thesis or dissertation project, students get to choose their topic of research.

You should follow the tips to choose the correct topic for your research to avoid problems later. Your chosen dissertation topic should be narrow enough, allowing you to collect the required secondary and primary data relatively quickly.

Understandably, many people take a lot of time to search for the topic, and a significant amount of research time is spent on it. You should talk to your supervisor or check out the intriguing database of ResearchProspect’s free topics for your dissertation.

Alternatively, consider reading newspapers, academic journals, articles, course materials, and other media to identify relevant issues to your study area and find some inspiration to get going.

You should work closely with your supervisor to agree to a narrowed but clear research plan.Here is what Michelle Schneider, learning adviser at the University of Leeds, had to say about picking the research topics,

“Picking something you’re genuinely interested in will keep you motivated. Consider why it’s important to tackle your chosen topic," Michelle added.

Develop a First-Class Dissertation Proposal.

Once the research topic has been selected, you can develop a solid dissertation proposal . The research proposal allows you to convince your supervisor or the committee members of the significance of your dissertation.

Through the proposal, you will be expected to prove that your work will significantly value the academic and scientific communities by addressing complex and provocative research questions .

Dissertation proposals are much shorter but follow a similar structure to an extensive dissertation paper. If the proposal is optional in your university, you should still create one outline of the critical points that the actual dissertation paper will cover. To get a better understanding of dissertation proposals, you can also check the publicly available samples of dissertation proposals .

Typical contents of the dissertation paper are as follows;

  • A brief rationale for the problem your dissertation paper will investigate.
  • The hypothesis you will be testing.
  • Research objectives you wish to address.
  • How will you contribute to the knowledge of the scientific and academic community?
  • How will you find answers to the critical research question(s)?
  • What research approach will you adopt?
  • What kind of population of interest would you like to generalise your result(s) to (especially in the case of quantitative research)?
  • What sampling technique(s) would you employ, and why would you not use other methods?
  • What ethical considerations have you taken to gather data?
  • Who are the stakeholders in your research are/might be?
  • What are the future implications and limitations you see in your research?

Let’s review the structure of the dissertation. Keep the format of your proposal simple. Keeping it simple keeps your readers will remain engaged. The following are the fundamental focal points that must be included:

Title of your dissertation: Dissertation titles should be 12 words in length. The focus of your research should be identifiable from your research topic.

Research aim: The overall purpose of your study should be clearly stated in terms of the broad statements of the desired outcomes in the Research aim. Try and paint the picture of your research, emphasising what you wish to achieve as a researcher.

Research objectives: The key research questions you wish to address as part of the project should be listed. Narrow down the focus of your research and aim for at most four objectives. Your research objectives should be linked with the aim of the study or a hypothesis.

Literature review: Consult with your supervisor to check if you are required to use any specific academic sources as part of the literature review process. If that is not the case, find out the most relevant theories, journals, books, schools of thought, and publications that will be used to construct arguments in your literature research.Remember that the literature review is all about giving credit to other authors’ works on a similar topic

Research methods and techniques: Depending on your dissertation topic, you might be required to conduct empirical research to satisfy the study’s objectives. Empirical research uses primary data such as questionnaires, interview data, and surveys to collect.

On the other hand, if your dissertation is based on secondary (non-empirical) data, you can stick to the existing literature in your area of study. Clearly state the merits of your chosen research methods under the methodology section.

Expected results: As you explore the research topic and analyse the data in the previously published papers, you will begin to build your expectations around the study’s potential outcomes. List those expectations here.

Project timeline: Let the readers know exactly how you plan to complete all the dissertation project parts within the timeframe allowed. You should learn more about Microsoft Project and Gantt Charts to create easy-to-follow and high-level project timelines and schedules.

References: The academic sources used to gather information for the proposed paper will be listed under this section using the appropriate referencing style. Ask your supervisor which referencing style you are supposed to follow.

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Investigation, Research and Data Collection

This is the most critical stage of the dissertation writing process. One should use up-to-date and relevant academic sources that are likely to jeopardise hard work.

Finding relevant and highly authentic reference resources is the key to succeeding in the dissertation project, so it is advised to take your time with this process. Here are some of the things that should be considered when conducting research.

dissertation project, so it is advised to take your time with this process. Here are some of the things that should be considered when conducting research.

You cannot read everything related to your topic. Although the practice of reading as much material as possible during this stage is rewarding, it is also imperative to understand that it is impossible to read everything that concerns your research.

This is true, especially for undergraduate and master’s level dissertations that must be delivered within a specific timeframe. So, it is important to know when to stop! Once the previous research and the associated limitations are well understood, it is time to move on.

However, review at least the salient research and work done in your area. By salient, we mean research done by pioneers of your field. For instance, if your topic relates to linguistics and you haven’t familiarised yourself with relevant research conducted by, say, Chomsky (the father of linguistics), your readers may find your lack of knowledge disconcerting.

So, to come off as genuinely knowledgeable in your own field, at least don’t forget to read essential works in the field/topic!

Use an Authentic Research database to Find References.

Most students start the reference material-finding process with desk-based research. However, this research method has its own limitation because it is a well-known fact that the internet is full of bogus information and fake information spreads fasters on the internet than truth does .

So, it is important to pick your reference material from reliable resources such as Google Scholar , Researchgate, Ibibio and Bartleby . Wikipedia is not considered a reliable academic source in the academic world, so it is recommended to refrain from citing Wikipedia content.Never underrate the importance of the actual library. The supporting staff at a university library can be of great help when it comes to finding exciting and reliable publications.

Record as you learn

All information and impressions should be recorded as notes using online tools such as Evernote to make sure everything is clear. You want to retain an important piece of information you had planned to present as an argument in the dissertation paper.

Write a Flawless Dissertation

Start to write a fantastic dissertation immediately once your proposal has been accepted and all the necessary desk-based research has been conducted. Now we will look at the different chapters of a dissertation in detail. You can also check out the samples of dissertation chapters to fully understand the format and structures of the various chapters.

Dissertation Introduction Chapter

The introduction chapter of the dissertation paper provides the background, problem statement and research questions. Here, you will inform the readers why it was important for this research to be conducted and which key research question(s) you expect to answer at the end of the study.

Definitions of all the terms and phrases in the project are provided in this first chapter of the dissertation paper. The research aim and objectives remain unchanged from the proposal paper and are expected to be listed under this section.

Dissertation Literature Review Chapter

This chapter allows you to demonstrate to your readers that you have done sufficient research on the chosen topic and understand previous similar studies’ findings. Any research limitations that your research incorporates are expected to be discussed in this section.

And make sure to summarise the viewpoints and findings of other researchers in the dissertation literature review chapter. Show the readers that there is a research gap in the existing work and your job is relevant to it to justify your research value.

Dissertation Methodology

The methodology chapter of the dissertation provides insight into the methods employed to collect data from various resources and flows naturally from the literature review chapter.Simply put, you will be expected to explain what you did and how you did it, helping the readers understand that your research is valid and reliable. When writing the methodology chapter for the dissertation, make sure to emphasise the following points:

  • The type of research performed by the researcher
  • Methods employed to gather and filter information
  • Techniques that were chosen for analysis
  • Materials, tools and resources used to conduct research (typically for empirical research dissertations)
  • Limitations of your chosen methods
  • Reliability and validity of your measuring tools and instruments (e.g. a survey questionnaire) are also typically mentioned within the mythology section. If you used a pre-existing data collection tool, cite its reliability/validity estimates here, too.Make use of the past tense when writing the methodology chapter.

Dissertation Findings

The key results of your research are presented in the dissertation findings chapter . It gives authors the ability to validate their own intellectual and analytical skills

Dissertation Conclusion

Cap off your dissertation paper with a study summary and a brief report of the findings. In the concluding chapter , you will be expected to demonstrate how your research will provide value to other academics in your area of study and its implications.It is recommended to include a short ‘recommendations’ section that will elaborate on the purpose and need for future research to elucidate the topic further.

Follow the referencing style following the requirements of your academic degree or field of study. Make sure to list every academic source used with a proper in-text citation. It is important to give credit to other authors’ ideas and concepts.

Note: Keep in mind whether you are creating a reference list or a bibliography. The former includes information about all the various sources you referred to, read from or took inspiration from for your own study. However, the latter contains things you used and those you only read but didn’t cite in your dissertation.

Proofread, Edit and Improve – Don’t Risk Months of Hard Work.

Experts recommend completing the total dissertation before starting to proofread and edit your work. You need to refresh your focus and reboot your creative brain before returning to another critical stage.

Leave space of at least a few days between the writing and the editing steps so when you get back to the desk, you can recognise your grammar, spelling and factual errors when you get back to the desk.

It is crucial to consider this period to ensure the final work is polished, coherent, well-structured and free of any structural or factual flaws. Daniel Higginbotham from Prospects UK states that:

“Leave yourself sufficient time to engage with your writing at several levels – from reassessing the logic of the whole piece to proofreading to checking you’ve paid attention to aspects such as the correct spelling of names and theories and the required referencing format.”

What is the Difference Between Editing and Proofreading?

Editing means that you are focusing on the essence of your dissertation paper. In contrast, proofreading is the process of reviewing the final draft piece to ensure accuracy and consistency in formatting, spelling, facts, punctuation, and grammar.

Editing: Prepare your work for submission by condensing, correcting and modifying (where necessary). When reviewing the paper, make sure that there are coherence and consistency between the arguments you presented.

If an information gap has been identified, fill that with an appropriate piece of information gathered during the research process. It is easy to lose sight of the original purpose if you become over-involved when writing.

Cut out the unwanted text and refine it, so your paper’s content is to the point and concise.Proofreading: Start proofreading your paper to identify formatting, structural, grammar, punctuation and referencing flaws. Read every single sentence of the paper no matter how tired you are because a few puerile mistakes can compromise your months of hard work.

Many students struggle with the editing and proofreading stages due to their lack of attention to detail. Consult a skilled dissertation editor if you are unable to find your flaws. You may want to invest in a professional dissertation editing and proofreading service to improve the piece’s quality to First Class.

Tips for Writing a Dissertation

Communication with supervisor – get feedback.

Communicate regularly with your supervisor to produce a first-class dissertation paper. Request them to comprehensively review the contents of your dissertation paper before final submission.

Their constructive criticism and feedback concerning different study areas will help you improve your piece’s overall quality. Keep your supervisor updated about your research progress and discuss any problems that you come up against.

Organising your Time

A dissertation is a lengthy project spanning over a period of months to years, and therefore it is important to avoid procrastination. Stay focused, and manage your time efficiently. Here are some time management tips for writing your dissertation to help you make the most of your time as you research and write.

  • Don’t be discouraged by the inherently slow nature of dissertation work, particularly in the initial stages.
  • Set clear goals and work out your research and write up a plan accordingly.
  • Allow sufficient time to incorporate feedback from your supervisor.
  • Leave enough time for editing, improving, proofreading, and formatting the paper according to your school’s guidelines. This is where you break or make your grade.
  • Work a certain number of hours on your paper daily.
  • Create a worksheet for your week.
  • Work on your dissertation for time periods as brief as 45 minutes or less.
  • Stick to the strategic dissertation timeline, so you don’t have to do the catchup work.
  • Meet your goals by prioritising your dissertation work.
  • Strike a balance between being overly organised and needing to be more organised.
  • Limit activities other than dissertation writing and your most necessary obligations.
  • Keep ‘tangent’ and ‘for the book’ files.
  • Create lists to help you manage your tasks.
  • Have ‘filler’ tasks to do when you feel burned out or in need of intellectual rest.
  • Keep a dissertation journal.
  • Pretend that you are working in a more structured work world.
  • Limit your usage of email and personal electronic devices.
  • Utilise and build on your past work when you write your dissertation.
  • Break large tasks into small manageable ones.
  • Seek advice from others, and do not be afraid to ask for help.

Dissertation Examples

Here are some samples of a dissertation to inspire you to write mind-blowing dissertations and to help bring all the above-mentioned guidelines home.

DE MONTFORT University Leicester – Examples of recent dissertations

Dissertation Research in Education: Dissertations (Examples)

How Long is a Dissertation?

The entire dissertation writing process is complicated and spans over a period of months to years, depending on whether you are an undergraduate, master’s, or PhD candidate. Marcus Beck, a PhD candidate, conducted fundamental research a few years ago, research that didn’t have much to do with his research but returned answers to some niggling questions every student has about the average length of a dissertation.

A software program specifically designed for this purpose helped Beck to access the university’s electronic database to uncover facts on dissertation length.

The above illustration shows how the results of his small study were a little unsurprising. Social sciences and humanities disciplines such as anthropology, politics, and literature had the longest dissertations, with some PhD dissertations comprising 150,000 words or more.Engineering and scientific disciplines, on the other hand, were considerably shorter. PhD-level dissertations generally don’t have a predefined length as they will vary with your research topic. Ask your school about this requirement if you are unsure about it from the start.

Focus more on the quality of content rather than the number of pages.

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Phrases to Avoid

No matter the style or structure you follow, it is best to keep your language simple. Avoid the use of buzzwords and jargon.

A Word on Stealing Content (Plagiarism)

Very straightforward advice to all students, DO NOT PLAGIARISE. Plagiarism is a serious offence. You will be penalised heavily if you are caught plagiarising. Don’t risk years of hard work, as many students in the past have lost their degrees for plagiarising. Here are some tips to help you make sure you don’t get caught.

  • Copying and pasting from an academic source is an unforgivable sin. Rephrasing text retrieved from another source also falls under plagiarism; it’s called paraphrasing. Summarising another’s idea(s) word-to-word, paraphrasing, and copy-pasting are the three primary forms plagiarism can take.
  • If you must directly copy full sentences from another source because they fill the bill, always enclose them inside quotation marks and acknowledge the writer’s work with in-text citations.

Are you struggling to find inspiration to get going? Still, trying to figure out where to begin? Is the deadline getting closer? Don’t be overwhelmed! ResearchProspect dissertation writing services have helped thousands of students achieve desired outcomes. Click here to get help from writers holding either a master's or PhD degree from a reputed UK university.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does a dissertation include.

A dissertation has main chapters and parts that support them. The main parts are:

  • Introduction
  • Literature review
  • Research Methodology
  • Your conclusion

Other parts are the abstract, references, appendices etc. We can supply a full dissertation or specific parts of one.

What is the difference between research and a dissertation?

A research paper is a sort of academic writing that consists of the study, source assessment, critical thinking, organisation, and composition, as opposed to a thesis or dissertation, which is a lengthy academic document that often serves as the final project for a university degree.

Can I edit and proofread my dissertation myself?

Of course, you can do proofreading and editing of your dissertation. There are certain rules to follow that have been discussed above. However, finding mistakes in something that you have written yourself can be complicated for some people. It is advisable to take professional help in the matter.

What If I only have difficulty writing a specific chapter of the dissertation?

ResearchProspect ensures customer satisfaction by addressing all relevant issues. We provide dissertation chapter-writing services to students if they need help completing a specific chapter. It could be any chapter from the introduction, literature review, and methodology to the discussion and conclusion.

You May Also Like

Are you looking for intriguing and trending dissertation topics? Get inspired by our list of free dissertation topics on all subjects.

Looking for an easy guide to follow to write your essay? Here is our detailed essay guide explaining how to write an essay and examples and types of an essay.

Learn about the steps required to successfully complete their research project. Make sure to follow these steps in their respective order.

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What is a Dissertation? Everything You Need to Know 

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Cait Williams is a Content Writer at Scholarships360. Cait recently graduated from Ohio University with a degree in Journalism and Strategic Communications. During her time at OU, was active in the outdoor recreation community.

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Cari Schultz is an Educational Review Board Advisor at Scholarships360, where she reviews content featured on the site. For over 20 years, Cari has worked in college admissions (Baldwin Wallace University, The Ohio State University, University of Kentucky) and as a college counselor (Columbus School for Girls).

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Maria Geiger is Director of Content at Scholarships360. She is a former online educational technology instructor and adjunct writing instructor. In addition to education reform, Maria’s interests include viewpoint diversity, blended/flipped learning, digital communication, and integrating media/web tools into the curriculum to better facilitate student engagement. Maria earned both a B.A. and an M.A. in English Literature from Monmouth University, an M. Ed. in Education from Monmouth University, and a Virtual Online Teaching Certificate (VOLT) from the University of Pennsylvania.

What is a Dissertation? Everything You Need to Know 

Your dissertation, the final piece of the puzzle that stands between you and the completion of your doctoral degree . Okay, so that’s not the actual definition of the word “dissertation,” but when you’re writing one, that can feel true at times! Keep reading to learn the academic definition and take a more in depth look at what a dissertation is and how to navigate writing one. So, let’s go!  

Related : Top fully funded PhD programs

Dissertation vs. thesis  

While dissertation and thesis are sometimes used interchangeably, they actually refer to two different pieces of writing. A thesis is traditionally completed at the end of a masters program . It is based on pre-existing research and showcases your ability to understand the information you have been learning about in your program.   

A dissertation is much longer than a thesis and is completed at the end of a PhD or doctorate program . It is the last thing you need to complete in order to earn your doctorate in your chosen field. It will be about a topic of your choosing that is within your field of study. Instead of using all pre-existing information though, you will conduct a portion of your own research and propose new ideas.

See also : Top scholarships for graduate students   

What do you write about when completing a dissertation?

What you write about will depend on what field of study you are in. A dissertation is designed to be your own. Meaning that what you write about should be a new idea, a new topic, or question that is still unanswered in your field. Something that you will need to collect new data on, potentially interview people for and explore what information is already available.  

Generally, an idea will need to be approved or at least discussed with whoever is overseeing your dissertation before you begin writing. It’s important to put time and effort into choosing a topic that you will be able to find either existing research for and add to, or a topic that you will be able to establish your own methods of data collection for. Again, the goal of your dissertation is to add to your field.   

How long does a dissertation need to be?  

Your dissertation length will vary, but you can generally count on it to be around 2-3 times the length of your thesis. A standard thesis is roughly 80 to 100 pages. So, on the short end you’re looking at a 200 pages dissertation, while the longer end can reach as high as 400 pages.  

How long does it take to write?  

The page count for a dissertation is enough to scare even the best writers away, but take a breath and rest easy knowing that this is not something you complete in just one semester or even two. On the short end you will have a year to write your dissertation, while the longer end can offer as much as two years to complete your dissertation. During this time, you will work with an advisor who can watch over you and help you along the way.  

The parts of a dissertation   

A dissertation is not just one long paper you must write. Thankfully, it is broken down into manageable pieces that you complete over time.  

Choosing a topic  

The first thing you will do is come up with your topic. Again, your topic will need to be approved by whoever is overseeing your dissertation. If they think that it may not be a strong topic, they will let you know. Even if a topic is approved though, you’ll need to do research around that topic first to make sure that it has not already been covered, or if it has that you take into consideration what has been done and add to the topic in a new way.  

Research  

Research can mean looking at what already exists, as well as conducting your own research to add to a proposed idea of yours. Your research can take many different forms depending on what field you are in. Research can be costly at times, so be sure to check out what funding opportunities are available for doctoral research. There are even post PhD research grants you should be familiar with if you intend to continue researching.  

Chapter break down  

A dissertation generally consists of five chapters. We’ve written them out below with a brief description of each and what they include.   

Introduction – Just as you would expect, this is where you will introduce your topic and what you plan to discuss  

Literature review – This section will address the research you have found that has already been done, or found has not been done, that pertains to your topic  

Methodology – How you go about collecting information for your dissertation, whether it be conducting your own research or delving deep into what has already been done, will be discussed in the methodology section 

Results – Your results will analyze the information you gathered  in regard to your topic 

Discussion – Finally, your discussion section will assess the meaning of your results and it is also where you will add your own ideas, rooted in research, about what those results mean in a broader context in regard to your field 

There will be more parts of your dissertation that are not included in the chapters, but the bulk of your dissertation will be made up by these five chapters. Things like title pages, references, appendices, and table of contents will also be included.  

Defending your dissertation  

Believe it or not, it’s not enough just to write your dissertation–you also have to defend your dissertation. This is another reason why taking a thorough amount of time to choose your topic is so important. You’ll likely need to propose your initial dissertation idea, but that will be much simpler and shorter. Your final defense will be much lengthier and in depth.  

During your defense, you will present your dissertation to a committee. It’s likely that you’ll be at least somewhat familiar with those on the committee; they are not just randomly picked. They will ask you questions about your research, and you will need to respond to each question. A defense generally takes around two hours. The point of a defense is not to have people try to undermine your work, but for you to exemplify your expertise in your field.  

Failing your dissertation  

Nobody wants to think about failing, but unfortunately, you can fail your dissertation. However, let’s talk about a few things before we just leave it at that. First, if you are afraid of failing your dissertation, this is something that you should speak to your advisor about. They can help you determine if there should be legitimate concerns or if you are getting in your own head.  

Second, even if you do fail your dissertation, you are usually allowed to resubmit one time. This of course is not ideal, but it does give you a little room to breathe. Your goal is to do great from the start, but remember this is not an easy task. You’ll likely have plenty of bumps along the way! 

Again, if you have concerns about failing, address them sooner rather than later and seek help. There are bound to be plenty of people and services around you, as well as additional services that you can pay for which will help review your materials and guide you along.

Key Takeaways

  • Dissertations are completed as the last step of your PhD or doctorate degree 
  • Your dissertation will be related to a topic or question in your field of study that you choose 
  • Dissertations take anywhere from one to two years to complete and can be upwards of three hundred pages long 
  • Your dissertation is designed to showcase your expertise in your field and your addition of new ideas to the field about a particular question or area 

Frequently asked questions about dissertations  

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How to Write a Dissertation | A Guide to Structure & Content

A dissertation or thesis is a long piece of academic writing based on original research, submitted as part of an undergraduate or postgraduate degree.

The structure of a dissertation depends on your field, but it is usually divided into at least four or five chapters (including an introduction and conclusion chapter).

The most common dissertation structure in the sciences and social sciences includes:

  • An introduction to your topic
  • A literature review that surveys relevant sources
  • An explanation of your methodology
  • An overview of the results of your research
  • A discussion of the results and their implications
  • A conclusion that shows what your research has contributed

Dissertations in the humanities are often structured more like a long essay , building an argument by analysing primary and secondary sources . Instead of the standard structure outlined here, you might organise your chapters around different themes or case studies.

Other important elements of the dissertation include the title page , abstract , and reference list . If in doubt about how your dissertation should be structured, always check your department’s guidelines and consult with your supervisor.

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Table of contents

Acknowledgements, table of contents, list of figures and tables, list of abbreviations, introduction, literature review / theoretical framework, methodology, reference list.

The very first page of your document contains your dissertation’s title, your name, department, institution, degree program, and submission date. Sometimes it also includes your student number, your supervisor’s name, and the university’s logo. Many programs have strict requirements for formatting the dissertation title page .

The title page is often used as cover when printing and binding your dissertation .

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The acknowledgements section is usually optional, and gives space for you to thank everyone who helped you in writing your dissertation. This might include your supervisors, participants in your research, and friends or family who supported you.

The abstract is a short summary of your dissertation, usually about 150-300 words long. You should write it at the very end, when you’ve completed the rest of the dissertation. In the abstract, make sure to:

  • State the main topic and aims of your research
  • Describe the methods you used
  • Summarise the main results
  • State your conclusions

Although the abstract is very short, it’s the first part (and sometimes the only part) of your dissertation that people will read, so it’s important that you get it right. If you’re struggling to write a strong abstract, read our guide on how to write an abstract .

In the table of contents, list all of your chapters and subheadings and their page numbers. The dissertation contents page gives the reader an overview of your structure and helps easily navigate the document.

All parts of your dissertation should be included in the table of contents, including the appendices. You can generate a table of contents automatically in Word.

If you have used a lot of tables and figures in your dissertation, you should itemise them in a numbered list . You can automatically generate this list using the Insert Caption feature in Word.

If you have used a lot of abbreviations in your dissertation, you can include them in an alphabetised list of abbreviations so that the reader can easily look up their meanings.

If you have used a lot of highly specialised terms that will not be familiar to your reader, it might be a good idea to include a glossary . List the terms alphabetically and explain each term with a brief description or definition.

In the introduction, you set up your dissertation’s topic, purpose, and relevance, and tell the reader what to expect in the rest of the dissertation. The introduction should:

  • Establish your research topic , giving necessary background information to contextualise your work
  • Narrow down the focus and define the scope of the research
  • Discuss the state of existing research on the topic, showing your work’s relevance to a broader problem or debate
  • Clearly state your objectives and research questions , and indicate how you will answer them
  • Give an overview of your dissertation’s structure

Everything in the introduction should be clear, engaging, and relevant to your research. By the end, the reader should understand the what , why and how of your research. Not sure how? Read our guide on how to write a dissertation introduction .

Before you start on your research, you should have conducted a literature review to gain a thorough understanding of the academic work that already exists on your topic. This means:

  • Collecting sources (e.g. books and journal articles) and selecting the most relevant ones
  • Critically evaluating and analysing each source
  • Drawing connections between them (e.g. themes, patterns, conflicts, gaps) to make an overall point

In the dissertation literature review chapter or section, you shouldn’t just summarise existing studies, but develop a coherent structure and argument that leads to a clear basis or justification for your own research. For example, it might aim to show how your research:

  • Addresses a gap in the literature
  • Takes a new theoretical or methodological approach to the topic
  • Proposes a solution to an unresolved problem
  • Advances a theoretical debate
  • Builds on and strengthens existing knowledge with new data

The literature review often becomes the basis for a theoretical framework , in which you define and analyse the key theories, concepts and models that frame your research. In this section you can answer descriptive research questions about the relationship between concepts or variables.

The methodology chapter or section describes how you conducted your research, allowing your reader to assess its validity. You should generally include:

  • The overall approach and type of research (e.g. qualitative, quantitative, experimental, ethnographic)
  • Your methods of collecting data (e.g. interviews, surveys, archives)
  • Details of where, when, and with whom the research took place
  • Your methods of analysing data (e.g. statistical analysis, discourse analysis)
  • Tools and materials you used (e.g. computer programs, lab equipment)
  • A discussion of any obstacles you faced in conducting the research and how you overcame them
  • An evaluation or justification of your methods

Your aim in the methodology is to accurately report what you did, as well as convincing the reader that this was the best approach to answering your research questions or objectives.

Next, you report the results of your research . You can structure this section around sub-questions, hypotheses, or topics. Only report results that are relevant to your objectives and research questions. In some disciplines, the results section is strictly separated from the discussion, while in others the two are combined.

For example, for qualitative methods like in-depth interviews, the presentation of the data will often be woven together with discussion and analysis, while in quantitative and experimental research, the results should be presented separately before you discuss their meaning. If you’re unsure, consult with your supervisor and look at sample dissertations to find out the best structure for your research.

In the results section it can often be helpful to include tables, graphs and charts. Think carefully about how best to present your data, and don’t include tables or figures that just repeat what you have written  –  they should provide extra information or usefully visualise the results in a way that adds value to your text.

Full versions of your data (such as interview transcripts) can be included as an appendix .

The discussion  is where you explore the meaning and implications of your results in relation to your research questions. Here you should interpret the results in detail, discussing whether they met your expectations and how well they fit with the framework that you built in earlier chapters. If any of the results were unexpected, offer explanations for why this might be. It’s a good idea to consider alternative interpretations of your data and discuss any limitations that might have influenced the results.

The discussion should reference other scholarly work to show how your results fit with existing knowledge. You can also make recommendations for future research or practical action.

The dissertation conclusion should concisely answer the main research question, leaving the reader with a clear understanding of your central argument. Wrap up your dissertation with a final reflection on what you did and how you did it. The conclusion often also includes recommendations for research or practice.

In this section, it’s important to show how your findings contribute to knowledge in the field and why your research matters. What have you added to what was already known?

You must include full details of all sources that you have cited in a reference list (sometimes also called a works cited list or bibliography). It’s important to follow a consistent reference style . Each style has strict and specific requirements for how to format your sources in the reference list.

The most common styles used in UK universities are Harvard referencing and Vancouver referencing . Your department will often specify which referencing style you should use – for example, psychology students tend to use APA style , humanities students often use MHRA , and law students always use OSCOLA . M ake sure to check the requirements, and ask your supervisor if you’re unsure.

To save time creating the reference list and make sure your citations are correctly and consistently formatted, you can use our free APA Citation Generator .

Your dissertation itself should contain only essential information that directly contributes to answering your research question. Documents you have used that do not fit into the main body of your dissertation (such as interview transcripts, survey questions or tables with full figures) can be added as appendices .

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Grad Coach

Dissertation Structure & Layout 101: How to structure your dissertation, thesis or research project.

By: Derek Jansen (MBA) Reviewed By: David Phair (PhD) | July 2019

So, you’ve got a decent understanding of what a dissertation is , you’ve chosen your topic and hopefully you’ve received approval for your research proposal . Awesome! Now its time to start the actual dissertation or thesis writing journey.

To craft a high-quality document, the very first thing you need to understand is dissertation structure . In this post, we’ll walk you through the generic dissertation structure and layout, step by step. We’ll start with the big picture, and then zoom into each chapter to briefly discuss the core contents. If you’re just starting out on your research journey, you should start with this post, which covers the big-picture process of how to write a dissertation or thesis .

Dissertation structure and layout - the basics

*The Caveat *

In this post, we’ll be discussing a traditional dissertation/thesis structure and layout, which is generally used for social science research across universities, whether in the US, UK, Europe or Australia. However, some universities may have small variations on this structure (extra chapters, merged chapters, slightly different ordering, etc).

So, always check with your university if they have a prescribed structure or layout that they expect you to work with. If not, it’s safe to assume the structure we’ll discuss here is suitable. And even if they do have a prescribed structure, you’ll still get value from this post as we’ll explain the core contents of each section.  

Overview: S tructuring a dissertation or thesis

  • Acknowledgements page
  • Abstract (or executive summary)
  • Table of contents , list of figures and tables
  • Chapter 1: Introduction
  • Chapter 2: Literature review
  • Chapter 3: Methodology
  • Chapter 4: Results
  • Chapter 5: Discussion
  • Chapter 6: Conclusion
  • Reference list

As I mentioned, some universities will have slight variations on this structure. For example, they want an additional “personal reflection chapter”, or they might prefer the results and discussion chapter to be merged into one. Regardless, the overarching flow will always be the same, as this flow reflects the research process , which we discussed here – i.e.:

  • The introduction chapter presents the core research question and aims .
  • The literature review chapter assesses what the current research says about this question.
  • The methodology, results and discussion chapters go about undertaking new research about this question.
  • The conclusion chapter (attempts to) answer the core research question .

In other words, the dissertation structure and layout reflect the research process of asking a well-defined question(s), investigating, and then answering the question – see below.

A dissertation's structure reflect the research process

To restate that – the structure and layout of a dissertation reflect the flow of the overall research process . This is essential to understand, as each chapter will make a lot more sense if you “get” this concept. If you’re not familiar with the research process, read this post before going further.

Right. Now that we’ve covered the big picture, let’s dive a little deeper into the details of each section and chapter. Oh and by the way, you can also grab our free dissertation/thesis template here to help speed things up.

The title page of your dissertation is the very first impression the marker will get of your work, so it pays to invest some time thinking about your title. But what makes for a good title? A strong title needs to be 3 things:

  • Succinct (not overly lengthy or verbose)
  • Specific (not vague or ambiguous)
  • Representative of the research you’re undertaking (clearly linked to your research questions)

Typically, a good title includes mention of the following:

  • The broader area of the research (i.e. the overarching topic)
  • The specific focus of your research (i.e. your specific context)
  • Indication of research design (e.g. quantitative , qualitative , or  mixed methods ).

For example:

A quantitative investigation [research design] into the antecedents of organisational trust [broader area] in the UK retail forex trading market [specific context/area of focus].

Again, some universities may have specific requirements regarding the format and structure of the title, so it’s worth double-checking expectations with your institution (if there’s no mention in the brief or study material).

Dissertations stacked up

Acknowledgements

This page provides you with an opportunity to say thank you to those who helped you along your research journey. Generally, it’s optional (and won’t count towards your marks), but it is academic best practice to include this.

So, who do you say thanks to? Well, there’s no prescribed requirements, but it’s common to mention the following people:

  • Your dissertation supervisor or committee.
  • Any professors, lecturers or academics that helped you understand the topic or methodologies.
  • Any tutors, mentors or advisors.
  • Your family and friends, especially spouse (for adult learners studying part-time).

There’s no need for lengthy rambling. Just state who you’re thankful to and for what (e.g. thank you to my supervisor, John Doe, for his endless patience and attentiveness) – be sincere. In terms of length, you should keep this to a page or less.

Abstract or executive summary

The dissertation abstract (or executive summary for some degrees) serves to provide the first-time reader (and marker or moderator) with a big-picture view of your research project. It should give them an understanding of the key insights and findings from the research, without them needing to read the rest of the report – in other words, it should be able to stand alone .

For it to stand alone, your abstract should cover the following key points (at a minimum):

  • Your research questions and aims – what key question(s) did your research aim to answer?
  • Your methodology – how did you go about investigating the topic and finding answers to your research question(s)?
  • Your findings – following your own research, what did do you discover?
  • Your conclusions – based on your findings, what conclusions did you draw? What answers did you find to your research question(s)?

So, in much the same way the dissertation structure mimics the research process, your abstract or executive summary should reflect the research process, from the initial stage of asking the original question to the final stage of answering that question.

In practical terms, it’s a good idea to write this section up last , once all your core chapters are complete. Otherwise, you’ll end up writing and rewriting this section multiple times (just wasting time). For a step by step guide on how to write a strong executive summary, check out this post .

Need a helping hand?

dissertation travail definition

Table of contents

This section is straightforward. You’ll typically present your table of contents (TOC) first, followed by the two lists – figures and tables. I recommend that you use Microsoft Word’s automatic table of contents generator to generate your TOC. If you’re not familiar with this functionality, the video below explains it simply:

If you find that your table of contents is overly lengthy, consider removing one level of depth. Oftentimes, this can be done without detracting from the usefulness of the TOC.

Right, now that the “admin” sections are out of the way, its time to move on to your core chapters. These chapters are the heart of your dissertation and are where you’ll earn the marks. The first chapter is the introduction chapter – as you would expect, this is the time to introduce your research…

It’s important to understand that even though you’ve provided an overview of your research in your abstract, your introduction needs to be written as if the reader has not read that (remember, the abstract is essentially a standalone document). So, your introduction chapter needs to start from the very beginning, and should address the following questions:

  • What will you be investigating (in plain-language, big picture-level)?
  • Why is that worth investigating? How is it important to academia or business? How is it sufficiently original?
  • What are your research aims and research question(s)? Note that the research questions can sometimes be presented at the end of the literature review (next chapter).
  • What is the scope of your study? In other words, what will and won’t you cover ?
  • How will you approach your research? In other words, what methodology will you adopt?
  • How will you structure your dissertation? What are the core chapters and what will you do in each of them?

These are just the bare basic requirements for your intro chapter. Some universities will want additional bells and whistles in the intro chapter, so be sure to carefully read your brief or consult your research supervisor.

If done right, your introduction chapter will set a clear direction for the rest of your dissertation. Specifically, it will make it clear to the reader (and marker) exactly what you’ll be investigating, why that’s important, and how you’ll be going about the investigation. Conversely, if your introduction chapter leaves a first-time reader wondering what exactly you’ll be researching, you’ve still got some work to do.

Now that you’ve set a clear direction with your introduction chapter, the next step is the literature review . In this section, you will analyse the existing research (typically academic journal articles and high-quality industry publications), with a view to understanding the following questions:

  • What does the literature currently say about the topic you’re investigating?
  • Is the literature lacking or well established? Is it divided or in disagreement?
  • How does your research fit into the bigger picture?
  • How does your research contribute something original?
  • How does the methodology of previous studies help you develop your own?

Depending on the nature of your study, you may also present a conceptual framework towards the end of your literature review, which you will then test in your actual research.

Again, some universities will want you to focus on some of these areas more than others, some will have additional or fewer requirements, and so on. Therefore, as always, its important to review your brief and/or discuss with your supervisor, so that you know exactly what’s expected of your literature review chapter.

Dissertation writing

Now that you’ve investigated the current state of knowledge in your literature review chapter and are familiar with the existing key theories, models and frameworks, its time to design your own research. Enter the methodology chapter – the most “science-ey” of the chapters…

In this chapter, you need to address two critical questions:

  • Exactly HOW will you carry out your research (i.e. what is your intended research design)?
  • Exactly WHY have you chosen to do things this way (i.e. how do you justify your design)?

Remember, the dissertation part of your degree is first and foremost about developing and demonstrating research skills . Therefore, the markers want to see that you know which methods to use, can clearly articulate why you’ve chosen then, and know how to deploy them effectively.

Importantly, this chapter requires detail – don’t hold back on the specifics. State exactly what you’ll be doing, with who, when, for how long, etc. Moreover, for every design choice you make, make sure you justify it.

In practice, you will likely end up coming back to this chapter once you’ve undertaken all your data collection and analysis, and revise it based on changes you made during the analysis phase. This is perfectly fine. Its natural for you to add an additional analysis technique, scrap an old one, etc based on where your data lead you. Of course, I’m talking about small changes here – not a fundamental switch from qualitative to quantitative, which will likely send your supervisor in a spin!

You’ve now collected your data and undertaken your analysis, whether qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods. In this chapter, you’ll present the raw results of your analysis . For example, in the case of a quant study, you’ll present the demographic data, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics , etc.

Typically, Chapter 4 is simply a presentation and description of the data, not a discussion of the meaning of the data. In other words, it’s descriptive, rather than analytical – the meaning is discussed in Chapter 5. However, some universities will want you to combine chapters 4 and 5, so that you both present and interpret the meaning of the data at the same time. Check with your institution what their preference is.

Now that you’ve presented the data analysis results, its time to interpret and analyse them. In other words, its time to discuss what they mean, especially in relation to your research question(s).

What you discuss here will depend largely on your chosen methodology. For example, if you’ve gone the quantitative route, you might discuss the relationships between variables . If you’ve gone the qualitative route, you might discuss key themes and the meanings thereof. It all depends on what your research design choices were.

Most importantly, you need to discuss your results in relation to your research questions and aims, as well as the existing literature. What do the results tell you about your research questions? Are they aligned with the existing research or at odds? If so, why might this be? Dig deep into your findings and explain what the findings suggest, in plain English.

The final chapter – you’ve made it! Now that you’ve discussed your interpretation of the results, its time to bring it back to the beginning with the conclusion chapter . In other words, its time to (attempt to) answer your original research question s (from way back in chapter 1). Clearly state what your conclusions are in terms of your research questions. This might feel a bit repetitive, as you would have touched on this in the previous chapter, but its important to bring the discussion full circle and explicitly state your answer(s) to the research question(s).

Dissertation and thesis prep

Next, you’ll typically discuss the implications of your findings? In other words, you’ve answered your research questions – but what does this mean for the real world (or even for academia)? What should now be done differently, given the new insight you’ve generated?

Lastly, you should discuss the limitations of your research, as well as what this means for future research in the area. No study is perfect, especially not a Masters-level. Discuss the shortcomings of your research. Perhaps your methodology was limited, perhaps your sample size was small or not representative, etc, etc. Don’t be afraid to critique your work – the markers want to see that you can identify the limitations of your work. This is a strength, not a weakness. Be brutal!

This marks the end of your core chapters – woohoo! From here on out, it’s pretty smooth sailing.

The reference list is straightforward. It should contain a list of all resources cited in your dissertation, in the required format, e.g. APA , Harvard, etc.

It’s essential that you use reference management software for your dissertation. Do NOT try handle your referencing manually – its far too error prone. On a reference list of multiple pages, you’re going to make mistake. To this end, I suggest considering either Mendeley or Zotero. Both are free and provide a very straightforward interface to ensure that your referencing is 100% on point. I’ve included a simple how-to video for the Mendeley software (my personal favourite) below:

Some universities may ask you to include a bibliography, as opposed to a reference list. These two things are not the same . A bibliography is similar to a reference list, except that it also includes resources which informed your thinking but were not directly cited in your dissertation. So, double-check your brief and make sure you use the right one.

The very last piece of the puzzle is the appendix or set of appendices. This is where you’ll include any supporting data and evidence. Importantly, supporting is the keyword here.

Your appendices should provide additional “nice to know”, depth-adding information, which is not critical to the core analysis. Appendices should not be used as a way to cut down word count (see this post which covers how to reduce word count ). In other words, don’t place content that is critical to the core analysis here, just to save word count. You will not earn marks on any content in the appendices, so don’t try to play the system!

Time to recap…

And there you have it – the traditional dissertation structure and layout, from A-Z. To recap, the core structure for a dissertation or thesis is (typically) as follows:

  • Acknowledgments page

Most importantly, the core chapters should reflect the research process (asking, investigating and answering your research question). Moreover, the research question(s) should form the golden thread throughout your dissertation structure. Everything should revolve around the research questions, and as you’ve seen, they should form both the start point (i.e. introduction chapter) and the endpoint (i.e. conclusion chapter).

I hope this post has provided you with clarity about the traditional dissertation/thesis structure and layout. If you have any questions or comments, please leave a comment below, or feel free to get in touch with us. Also, be sure to check out the rest of the  Grad Coach Blog .

dissertation travail definition

Psst… there’s more (for free)

This post is part of our dissertation mini-course, which covers everything you need to get started with your dissertation, thesis or research project. 

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Dissertation and thesis defense 101

36 Comments

ARUN kumar SHARMA

many thanks i found it very useful

Derek Jansen

Glad to hear that, Arun. Good luck writing your dissertation.

Sue

Such clear practical logical advice. I very much needed to read this to keep me focused in stead of fretting.. Perfect now ready to start my research!

hayder

what about scientific fields like computer or engineering thesis what is the difference in the structure? thank you very much

Tim

Thanks so much this helped me a lot!

Ade Adeniyi

Very helpful and accessible. What I like most is how practical the advice is along with helpful tools/ links.

Thanks Ade!

Aswathi

Thank you so much sir.. It was really helpful..

You’re welcome!

Jp Raimundo

Hi! How many words maximum should contain the abstract?

Karmelia Renatee

Thank you so much 😊 Find this at the right moment

You’re most welcome. Good luck with your dissertation.

moha

best ever benefit i got on right time thank you

Krishnan iyer

Many times Clarity and vision of destination of dissertation is what makes the difference between good ,average and great researchers the same way a great automobile driver is fast with clarity of address and Clear weather conditions .

I guess Great researcher = great ideas + knowledge + great and fast data collection and modeling + great writing + high clarity on all these

You have given immense clarity from start to end.

Alwyn Malan

Morning. Where will I write the definitions of what I’m referring to in my report?

Rose

Thank you so much Derek, I was almost lost! Thanks a tonnnn! Have a great day!

yemi Amos

Thanks ! so concise and valuable

Kgomotso Siwelane

This was very helpful. Clear and concise. I know exactly what to do now.

dauda sesay

Thank you for allowing me to go through briefly. I hope to find time to continue.

Patrick Mwathi

Really useful to me. Thanks a thousand times

Adao Bundi

Very interesting! It will definitely set me and many more for success. highly recommended.

SAIKUMAR NALUMASU

Thank you soo much sir, for the opportunity to express my skills

mwepu Ilunga

Usefull, thanks a lot. Really clear

Rami

Very nice and easy to understand. Thank you .

Chrisogonas Odhiambo

That was incredibly useful. Thanks Grad Coach Crew!

Luke

My stress level just dropped at least 15 points after watching this. Just starting my thesis for my grad program and I feel a lot more capable now! Thanks for such a clear and helpful video, Emma and the GradCoach team!

Judy

Do we need to mention the number of words the dissertation contains in the main document?

It depends on your university’s requirements, so it would be best to check with them 🙂

Christine

Such a helpful post to help me get started with structuring my masters dissertation, thank you!

Simon Le

Great video; I appreciate that helpful information

Brhane Kidane

It is so necessary or avital course

johnson

This blog is very informative for my research. Thank you

avc

Doctoral students are required to fill out the National Research Council’s Survey of Earned Doctorates

Emmanuel Manjolo

wow this is an amazing gain in my life

Paul I Thoronka

This is so good

Tesfay haftu

How can i arrange my specific objectives in my dissertation?

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dissertation

Definition of dissertation

Examples of dissertation in a sentence.

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'dissertation.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

1651, in the meaning defined above

Dictionary Entries Near dissertation

dissertative

Cite this Entry

“Dissertation.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dissertation. Accessed 19 Mar. 2024.

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EdDPrograms.org

What is an Ed.D. Dissertation? Complete Guide & Support Resources

Wondering how to tackle the biggest doctoral challenge of all? Use our guide to the Ed.D. dissertation to get started! Learn about the purpose of a Doctor of Education dissertation and typical topics for education students. Read through step-by-step descriptions of the dissertation process and the 5-chapter format. Get answers to Ed.D. dissertation FAQs . Or skip to the chase and find real-world examples of Doctor of Education dissertations and websites & resources for Ed.D. dissertation research.

What is an Ed.D. Dissertation?

Definition of an ed.d. dissertation.

An Ed.D. dissertation is a 5-chapter scholarly document that brings together years of original research to address a problem of practice in education. To complete a dissertation, you will need to go through a number of scholarly steps , including a final defense to justify your findings.

Purpose of an Ed.D. Dissertation

In a Doctor of Education dissertation, you will be challenged to apply high-level research & creative problem-solving to real-world educational challenges. You may be asked to:

  • Take a critical look at current educational & administrative practices
  • Address urgent issues in the modern education system
  • Propose original & practical solutions for improvements
  • Expand the knowledge base for educational practitioners

Topics of Ed.D. Dissertations

An Ed.D. dissertation is “customizable.” You’re allowed to chose a topic that relates to your choice of specialty (e.g. elementary education), field of interest (e.g. curriculum development), and environment (e.g. urban schools).

Think about current problems of practice that need to be addressed in your field. You’ll notice that Ed.D. dissertation topics often address one of the following:

  • Academic performance
  • Teaching methods
  • Access to resources
  • Social challenges
  • Legislative impacts
  • System effectiveness

Wondering how others have done it? Browse through Examples of Ed.D. Dissertations and read the titles & abstracts. You’ll see how current educators are addressing their own problems of practice.

Ed.D. Dissertation Process

1. propose a dissertation topic.

Near the beginning of a Doctor of Education program, you’ll be expected to identify a dissertation topic that will require substantial research. This topic should revolve around a unique issue in education.

Universities will often ask you to provide an idea for your topic when you’re applying to the doctoral program. You don’t necessarily need to stick to this idea, but you should be prepared to explain why it interests you. If you need inspiration, see our section on Examples of Ed.D. Dissertations .

You’ll be expected to solidify your dissertation topic in the first few semesters. Talking to faculty and fellow Ed.D. students can help in this process. Better yet, your educational peers will often be able to provide unique perspectives on the topic (e.g. cultural differences in teaching methods).

2. Meet Your Dissertation Chair & Committee

You won’t be going through the Ed.D. dissertation process alone! Universities will help you to select a number of experienced mentors. These include:

  • Dissertation Chair/Faculty Advisor: The Chair of the Dissertation Committee acts as your primary advisor. You’ll often see them referred to as the Supervising Professor, Faculty Advisor, or the like. You’ll rely on this “Obi Wan” for their knowledge of the field, research advice & guidance, editorial input on drafts, and more. They can also assist with shaping & refining your dissertation topic.
  • Dissertation Committee:  The Dissertation Committee is made up of ~3 faculty members, instructors and/or adjuncts with advanced expertise in your field of study. The Committee will offer advice, provide feedback on your research progress, and review your work & progress reports. When you defend your proposal and give your final defense , you’ll be addressing the Dissertation Committee.

3. Study for Ed.D. Courses

Doctor of Education coursework is designed to help you: a) learn how to conduct original research; and b) give you a broader perspective on your field of interest. If you take a look at the curriculum in any Ed.D. program, you’ll see that students have to complete credits in:

  • Practical Research Methods (e.g. Quantitative Design & Analysis for Educational Leaders)
  • Real-World Educational Issues (e.g. Educational Policy, Law & Practice)

When you’re evaluating possible Ed.D. programs, pay attention to the coursework in real-world educational issues. You’ll want to pick an education doctorate with courses that complement your dissertation topic.

4. Complete a Literature Review

A literature review is an evaluation of existing materials & research work that relate to your dissertation topic. It’s a written synthesis that:

  • Grounds your project within the field
  • Explains how your work relates to previous research & theoretical frameworks
  • Helps to identify gaps in the existing research

Have a look at Literature Review Guides if you’d like to know more about the process. Our section on Resources for Ed.D. Dissertation Research also has useful links to journals & databases.

5. Craft a Dissertation Proposal

During the first two years of your Doctor of Education, you’ll use the knowledge you’ve learned from your coursework & discussions to write the opening chapters of your dissertation, including an:

  • Introduction  that defines your chosen topic
  • Literature Review of existing research in the field
  • Proposed Research Methodology for finding the answer to your problem

When you’re putting together these elements, think about the practicals. Is the topic too big to address in one dissertation? How much time will your research take and how will you conduct it? Will your dissertation be relevant to your current job? If in doubt, ask your faculty advisor.

6. Defend Your Dissertation Proposal

About midway through the Ed.D. program, you will need to present your proposal to your Dissertation Committee. They will review your work and offer feedback. For example, the Committee will want to see that:

  • Your research topic is significant.
  • Your research methodology & timeline make sense.
  • Relevant works are included in the literature review.

After the Committee approves your proposal, you can get stuck into conducting original research and writing up your findings. These two important tasks will take up the final years of your doctorate.

7. Conduct Original Research into Your Topic

As a Doctor of Education student, you will be expected to conduct your own research. Ed.D. students often use a qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods (quantitative/qualitative) approach in this process.

  • Quantitative Research: Collection & analysis of numerical data to identify characteristics, discover correlations, and/or test hypotheses.
  • Qualitative Research: Collection & analysis of non-numerical data to understand & explain phenomena (e.g. questionnaires, in-depth interviews, focus groups, video artifacts, etc.).

Your Ed.D. coursework will ground you in research methods & tools, so you’ll be prepared to design your own project and seek IRB approval for any work involving human subjects.

Note: Occasionally, universities can get creative. For example, the Ed.D. program at San Jose State University asks students to produce a documentary film instead of conducting traditional research.

8. Write the Rest of Your Dissertation

Once you have written up the first few chapters of your dissertation (Intro, Literature Review & Proposed Methodology) and completed your research work, you’ll be able to complete the final chapters of your dissertation.

  • Chapter 4 will detail your research findings.
  • Chapter 5 is a conclusion that summarizes solutions to your problem of practice/topic.

This is where you and your faculty advisor will often have a lot of interaction! For example, you may need to rework the first few chapters of your dissertation after you’ve drafted the final chapters. Faculty advisors are extremely busy people, so be sure to budget in ample time for revisions and final edits.

9. Defend Your Dissertation

The final defense/candidacy exam is a formal presentation of your work to the Dissertation Committee. In many cases, the defense is an oral presentation with visual aides. You’ll be able to explain your research findings, go through your conclusions, and highlight new ideas & solutions.

At any time, the Committee can challenge you with questions, so you should be prepared to defend your conclusions. But this process is not as frightening as it sounds!

  • If you’ve been in close contact with the Committee throughout the dissertation, they will be aware of your work.
  • Your faculty advisor will help you decide when you’re ready for the final defense.
  • You can also attend the defenses of other Ed.D. students to learn what questions may be asked.

Be aware that the Committee has the option to ask for changes before they approve your dissertation. After you have incorporated any notes from the Committee and addressed their concerns, you will finalize the draft, submit your dissertation for a formal review, and graduate.

Ed.D. Dissertation Format: 5 Chapters

Chapter 1: introduction.

Your Doctor of Education dissertation will begin with an introduction. In it, you’ll be expected to:

  • Provide an overview of your educational landscape
  • Explain important definitions & key concepts
  • Define a real-world topic/problem of practice
  • Outline the need for new studies on this topic

Chapter 2: Literature Review

The literature review is a summary of existing research in the field. However, it is not an annotated bibliography. Instead, it’s a critical analysis of current research (e.g. trends, themes, debates & current practices). While you’re evaluating the literature, you’re also looking for the gaps where you can conduct original research.

Sources for a literature review can include books, articles, reports, websites, dissertations, and more. Our section on Resources for Ed.D. Dissertation Research has plenty of places to start.

Chapter 3: Research Methodology

In the research methodology, you’ll be expected to explain:

  • The purpose of your research
  • What tools & methods you plan to use to research your topic/problem of practice
  • The design of the study
  • Your timeline for gathering quantitative & qualitative data
  • How you plan to analyze that data
  • Any limitations you foresee

Chapter 4: Results & Analysis

Chapter 4 is the place where you can share the results of your original research and present key findings from the data. In your analysis, you may also be highlighting new patterns, relationships, and themes that other scholars have failed to discover. Have a look at real-life Examples of Ed.D. Dissertations to see how this section is structured.

Chapter 5: Discussions & Conclusions

The final chapter of your Ed.D. dissertation brings all of your work together in a detailed summary. You’ll be expected to:

  • Reiterate the objectives of your dissertation
  • Explain the significance of your research findings
  • Outline the implications of your ideas on existing practices
  • Propose solutions for a problem of practice
  • Make suggestions & recommendations for future improvements

Ed.D. Dissertation FAQs

What’s the difference between a dissertation and a thesis.

  • Dissertation: A dissertation is a 5-chapter written work that must be completed in order to earn a doctoral degree (e.g. Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.). It’s often focused on original research.
  • Thesis: A thesis is a written work that must be completed in order to earn a master’s degree. It’s typically shorter than a dissertation and based on existing research.

How Long is a Ed.D. Dissertation?

It depends. Most Ed.D. dissertations end up being between 80-200 pages. The length will depend on a number of factors, including the depth of your literature review, the way you collect & present your research data, and any appendices you might need to include.

How Long Does it Take to Finish an Ed.D. Dissertation?

It depends. If you’re in an accelerated program , you may be able to finish your dissertation in 2-3 years. If you’re in a part-time program and need to conduct a lot of complex research work, your timeline will be much longer.

What’s a Strong Ed.D. Dissertation Topic?

Experts always say that Doctor of Education students should be passionate about their dissertation topic and eager to explore uncharted territory. When you’re crafting your Ed.D. dissertation topic , find one that will be:

  • Significant

See the section on Examples of Ed.D. Dissertations for inspiration.

Do I Have to Complete a Traditional Dissertation for an Ed.D.?

No. If you’re struggling with the idea of a traditional dissertation, check out this guide to Online Ed.D. Programs with No Dissertation . Some Schools of Education give Ed.D. students the opportunity to complete a Capstone Project or Dissertation in Practice (DiP) instead of a 5-chapter written work.

These alternatives aren’t easy! You’ll still be challenged at the same level as you would be for a dissertation. However, Capstone Projects & DiPs often involve more group work and an emphasis on applied theory & research.

What’s the Difference Between a Ph.D. Dissertation and Ed.D. Dissertation?

Have a look at our Ed.D. vs. Ph.D. Guide to get a sense of the differences between the two degrees. In a nutshell:

  • Ed.D. dissertations tend to focus on addressing current & real-world topics/problems of practice in the workplace.
  • Ph.D. dissertations usually put more emphasis on creating new theories & concepts and even completely rethinking educational practices.

How Can I Learn More About Ed.D. Dissertations?

Start with the section on Examples of Ed.D. Dissertations . You can browse through titles, abstracts, and even complete dissertations from a large number of universities.

If you have a few Doctor of Education programs on your shortlist, we also recommend that you skim through the program’s Dissertation Handbook . It can usually be found on the School of Education’s website. You’ll be able to see how the School likes to structure the dissertation process from start to finish.

Ed.D. Dissertation Support

University & campus resources, dissertation chair & committee.

The first port of call for any questions about the Ed.D. dissertation is your Dissertation Chair. If you get stuck with a terrible faculty advisor, talk to members of the Dissertation Committee. They are there to support your journey.

University Library

An Ed.D. dissertation is a massive research project. So before you choose a Doctor of Education program, ask the School of Education about its libraries & library resources (e.g. free online access to subscription-based journals).

Writing Center

Many universities have a Writing Center. If you’re struggling with any elements of your dissertation (e.g. editing), you can ask the staff about:

  • Individual tutoring
  • Editorial assistance
  • Outside resources

Mental Health Support

It’s well-known that doctoral students often face a lot of stress & isolation during their studies. Ask your faculty advisor about mental health services at the university. Staff in the School of Education and the Graduate School will also have information about on-campus counselors, free or discounted therapy sessions, and more.

Independent Dissertation Services

Dissertation editing services: potentially helpful.

There are scores of independent providers who offer dissertation editing services. But they can be expensive. And many of these editors have zero expertise in educational fields.

If you need help with editing & proofreading, proceed with caution:

  • Start by asking your Dissertation Chair about what’s permitted for third party involvement (e.g. you may need to note any editor’s contribution in your dissertation acknowledgments) and whether they have any suggestions.
  • The Graduate School is another useful resource. For example, Cornell’s Graduate School maintains a list of Editing, Typing, and Proofreading Services for graduate students.

Dissertation Coaches: Not Worth It

Dissertation coaches are defined as people who offer academic & mental support, guidance, and editorial input.

  • That means the person who should be your coach is your Dissertation Chair/Faculty Advisor. Remember that faculty members on the Dissertation Committee can also provide assistance.
  • If you’re looking for extra support, you might consider consulting a mentor in your line of work and collaborating with fellow Ed.D. students.

But hiring an independent Ed.D. dissertation coach is going to be an absolute waste of money.

Dissertation Writing Services: Just Don’t!

Universities take the dissertation process  very seriously . An Ed.D. dissertation is supposed to be the culmination of years of original thought and research. You’re going to be responsible for the final product. You’re going to be defending your written work in front of a phalanx of experienced faculty members. You’re going to be putting this credential on your résumé for everyone to see.

If you cheat the process by having someone else write up your work, you will get caught.

Ed.D. Dissertation Resources

Examples of ed.d. dissertations, dissertation databases.

  • Open Access Theses and Dissertations
  • ProQuest Dissertations & Theses
  • EBSCO Open Dissertations

Ed.D. Dissertations

  • USF Scholarship Repository: Ed.D. Dissertations
  • George Fox University: Doctor of Education
  • UW Tacoma: Ed.D. Dissertations in Practice
  • Liberty University: School of Education Doctoral Dissertations
  • University of Mary Hardin-Baylor: Dissertation Collection

Ed.D. Dissertation Abstracts

  • Michigan State University: Ed.D. Dissertation Abstracts

Ed.D. Dissertation Guides & Tools

General ed.d. guides.

  • SNHU: Educational Leadership Ed.D./Ph.D. Guide

Dissertation Style Manuals

  • Chicago Manual of Style

Style manuals are designed to ensure that every Ed.D. student follows the same set of writing guidelines for their dissertation (e.g. grammatical rules, footnote & quotation formats, abbreviation conventions, etc.). Check with the School of Education to learn which style manual they use.

Examples of Ed.D. Dissertation Templates

  • Purdue University: Dissertation Template
  • Walden University: Ed.D. Dissertation Template

Each School of Education has a standard dissertation template. We’ve highlighted a couple of examples so you can see how they’re formatted, but you will need to acquire the template from your own university.

Literature Review Guides

  • UNC Chapel Hill: Writing Guide for Literature Reviews
  • University of Alabama: How to Conduct a Literature Review

Resources for Ed.D. Dissertation Research

Journal articles.

  • EBSCO Education Research Databases
  • Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)
  • Emerald Education eJournal Collection
  • Gale OneFile: Educator’s Reference Complete
  • Google Scholar
  • NCES Bibliography Search Tool
  • ProQuest Education Database
  • SAGE Journals: Education

Useful Websites

  • Harvard Gutman Library: Websites for Educators
  • EduRef: Lesson Plans

Educational Data & Statistics

  • Digest of Education Statistics
  • Education Policy Data Center (EPDC)
  • ICPSR Data Archive
  • National Assessment of Educational Progress
  • National Center for Education Statistics (NCES)
  • UNESCO Institute for Statistics

The Dissertation: Writing in French

Dissertation is a very specific way to write what we call a “paper.” In France, this style is used in academics and the professional world alike.

The Necessities

  • Personal reaction: Be sincere, though not informal.
  • Use examples to affirm your point. Using examples limits verbiage, generalities, and banalities.
  • Be clear and coherent : A good paper should resemble a mathematical proof more than a lyrical flood of words. Be understandable and operate by the Law of Occam’s Razor (the simplest explanation tends to be the best one.)
  • Outline : Getting your ideas on paper is harder than coming up with them in the first place. In order to convey your ideas effectively to the reader, outline!

The Schema of a Dissertation

In order to write a dissertation, you need a problem or problématique. Situate that problem within your topic or subject. Do not begin to write without these ideas in mind.

Introduction

  • The introduction must rapidly situate and introduce the problem. Cite briefly.
  • Give an idea of the movement of the paper, but do not announce each step of your work.
  • Define key words.
  • Attract the reader!  

The Body 

Separated into parts and paragraphs, where each part is a main point in the problem and each paragraph is one idea or one aspect of an idea.

  • Thesis – often the predominant point of view (the most common analysis)
  • Synthesis: Establish some nuanced truth in between the two arguments or overcome of the initial contradiction by bringing in additional information.
  • “Problem-Cause-Solution” Plan: Introduce and define a problem, pinpoint its causes, and propose a solution.
  • Separate your argument into parts (in this case, two: benefits and pleasures)
  • Order your arguments within each part
  • first element of comparison (one point of view on an issue, for example)
  • second element of comparison (an opposing point of view)
  • Meditation on the facts presented in the first two parts
  • Explanation of the formula (definition, par ex.)
  • Commentary on the formula, for example, expansion of a definition, comments on appropriateness

The Conclusion

A conclusion must be written in the spirit of synthesis and with logical rigor. Coming to the end of an argument, a conclusion must be concise and strong. If desired, it can situate the results or thesis a more general sense.

(Desalmand, Paul and Tort, Patrick. Du plan à la dissertation. Paris : 1977) 

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Meaning of dissertation in English

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  • boilerplate
  • composition
  • essay question
  • peer review

dissertation | Intermediate English

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a servant or someone who behaves like one by obeying someone else's orders or by doing unpleasant work for them

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Dissertation sur le travail: sujet, l’introduction, résumé, conclusion.

dissertation travail definition

Symbols: 48749

Words: 7721

“Les effets de l’automatisation sur l’emploi : comment les avancées technologiques changent la nature du travail et impactent le marché de l’emploi”

I. Introduction A. Présentation du sujet et de la problématique B. Contexte et enjeux C. Définition des termes clés D. Annonce du plan

II. Les avancées technologiques et l’automatisation A. Les différentes formes d’automatisation B. Les secteurs et les emplois les plus touchés C. Les avantages et les limites de l’automatisation

III. Les impacts de l’automatisation sur l’emploi A. La destruction d’emplois B. La création de nouveaux emplois C. Les transformations des emplois existants

IV. Les effets de l’automatisation sur la nature du travail A. La redéfinition des tâches et des compétences B. Les conséquences sur les conditions de travail C. Les impacts sur la relation entre les travailleurs et les machines

V. Les impacts de l’automatisation sur le marché de l’emploi A. La transformation des métiers et des secteurs B. Les effets sur la répartition des emplois entre les différents types de travailleurs C. Les conséquences sur le chômage et l’emploi précaire

VI. Les réponses politiques et sociales à l’automatisation A. Les politiques de formation et d’éducation B. Les politiques de protection sociale C. Les enjeux de la transition vers une économie automatisée

VII. Conclusion A. Synthèse des impacts de l’automatisation sur l’emploi et le marché du travail B. Les limites et les défis de l’automatisation C. Les perspectives pour l’avenir du travail dans une économie automatisée.

I. Introduction

A. présentation du sujet et de la problématique.

Le développement de l’automatisation et des avancées technologiques a radicalement changé la façon dont nous travaillons. Les machines, les robots et l’intelligence artificielle sont de plus en plus utilisés dans de nombreux secteurs, ce qui a des impacts majeurs sur le marché de l’emploi et la nature du travail. Face à cette évolution, la question se pose de savoir comment les avancées technologiques impactent l’emploi et comment la société peut faire face aux conséquences de l’automatisation.

La problématique est donc la suivante : Comment les avancées technologiques, notamment l’automatisation, changent-elles la nature du travail et impactent-elles le marché de l’emploi ? Quels sont les enjeux et les défis de cette évolution pour les travailleurs, les entreprises et la société en général ? C’est à ces questions que nous allons tenter de répondre dans cette dissertation.

B. Contexte et enjeux

Le contexte économique actuel est marqué par une forte concurrence internationale et une pression croissante sur les coûts de production. Dans ce contexte, les entreprises cherchent à augmenter leur productivité et à réduire les coûts en utilisant de plus en plus l’automatisation et les avancées technologiques.

Cependant, l’automatisation et les avancées technologiques ont des impacts majeurs sur le marché de l’emploi. D’un côté, elles peuvent détruire des emplois en remplaçant les travailleurs par des machines, ce qui peut causer des pertes d’emploi massives et des difficultés pour les travailleurs peu qualifiés. D’un autre côté, l’automatisation peut créer de nouveaux emplois en demandant des compétences et des qualifications spécifiques, ce qui peut entraîner des besoins en formation et des opportunités pour les travailleurs qualifiés.

Il est donc crucial de comprendre les enjeux de l’automatisation sur le marché de l’emploi et la nature du travail. En effet, les impacts de l’automatisation peuvent être différents selon les secteurs et les métiers, et peuvent avoir des conséquences sociales, économiques et politiques importantes. De plus, la rapidité et l’ampleur des changements induits par l’automatisation peuvent poser des défis importants pour la formation et la réorientation professionnelle des travailleurs, ainsi que pour les politiques sociales et économiques.

C. Définition des termes clés

Avant de poursuivre notre analyse, il est important de définir les termes clés de notre sujet.

Tout d’abord, l’automatisation peut être définie comme l’utilisation de machines, de robots ou d’autres technologies pour effectuer des tâches qui étaient auparavant effectuées par des travailleurs humains. L’automatisation peut être partielle ou complète et peut concerner des tâches simples ou complexes.

Ensuite, la nature du travail peut être définie comme la manière dont les tâches sont organisées et effectuées dans un travail donné. La nature du travail peut être influencée par divers facteurs, tels que les technologies utilisées, les compétences requises, la relation avec les collègues et les supérieurs, et les conditions de travail.

Enfin, le marché de l’emploi peut être défini comme le lieu où se rencontrent l’offre et la demande de travail. Le marché de l’emploi peut être influencé par des facteurs tels que la croissance économique, les politiques publiques, les compétences et les qualifications des travailleurs, et les changements technologiques.

En comprenant ces termes clés, nous pouvons mieux comprendre les enjeux et les défis de l’automatisation sur le marché de l’emploi et la nature du travail.

D. Annonce du plan

Après avoir présenté le sujet et la problématique de notre dissertation, ainsi que le contexte et les enjeux de l’automatisation sur le marché de l’emploi et la nature du travail, nous allons maintenant explorer plus en détail les différents effets de l’automatisation.

Tout d’abord, dans la première partie de notre dissertation, nous allons analyser les impacts de l’automatisation sur le marché de l’emploi. Nous examinerons comment l’automatisation peut détruire des emplois et créer de nouveaux emplois, ainsi que les conséquences sociales, économiques et politiques de ces changements.

Ensuite, dans la deuxième partie de notre dissertation, nous allons étudier les effets de l’automatisation sur la nature du travail. Nous verrons comment l’automatisation peut modifier les compétences et les qualifications requises pour les travailleurs, ainsi que les conditions de travail et les relations avec les collègues et les supérieurs.

Enfin, dans la troisième partie de notre dissertation, nous allons examiner les défis et les opportunités que l’automatisation pose pour la formation et la réorientation professionnelle des travailleurs. Nous discuterons également des politiques économiques et sociales qui pourraient être mises en place pour atténuer les effets négatifs de l’automatisation sur l’emploi et la nature du travail.

En analysant ces différents aspects, nous pourrons mieux comprendre les défis et les opportunités de l’automatisation pour le marché de l’emploi et la nature du travail, et proposer des solutions pour garantir que l’automatisation profite à l’ensemble de la société.

II. Les avancées technologiques et l’automatisation

A. les différentes formes d’automatisation.

L’automatisation peut prendre plusieurs formes, allant de la simple automatisation des tâches répétitives à la robotique avancée. Voici quelques exemples des différentes formes d’automatisation :

L’automatisation des tâches simples et répétitives : cela consiste à automatiser des tâches qui sont souvent réalisées de manière routinière, telles que la saisie de données ou la fabrication de produits standardisés.

L’automatisation cognitive : cela implique l’utilisation de l’intelligence artificielle et de l’apprentissage automatique pour automatiser des tâches qui nécessitent des compétences cognitives, telles que la prise de décisions ou l’analyse de données.

La robotique industrielle : cela implique l’utilisation de robots pour automatiser des tâches dans les usines, les entrepôts et les centres logistiques, tels que la manipulation de matériaux ou l’assemblage de produits.

Les systèmes autonomes : cela implique l’utilisation de systèmes autonomes, tels que les véhicules autonomes ou les drones, pour automatiser des tâches qui étaient auparavant effectuées par des humains.

La robotique de service : cela implique l’utilisation de robots pour automatiser des tâches dans les domaines de la santé, de l’éducation, de la vente au détail ou de l’hôtellerie, telles que la livraison de médicaments ou l’accueil des clients.

Ces différentes formes d’automatisation ont des effets différents sur le marché de l’emploi et la nature du travail. Par exemple, l’automatisation des tâches simples et répétitives peut réduire la demande de travailleurs peu qualifiés, tandis que la robotique de service peut augmenter la demande de travailleurs qualifiés pour superviser les robots.

B. Les secteurs et les emplois les plus touchés

L’automatisation peut toucher différents secteurs de l’économie et différents types d’emplois, mais certains sont plus susceptibles d’être touchés que d’autres. Voici quelques exemples des secteurs et des emplois les plus touchés par l’automatisation :

Le secteur manufacturier : l’automatisation de la production industrielle est l’une des formes d’automatisation les plus répandues et les plus avancées. Les robots industriels peuvent remplacer les travailleurs dans les tâches de montage, d’assemblage, de découpe et de soudure. De plus, l’automatisation cognitive peut être utilisée pour optimiser les processus de production et améliorer la qualité des produits.

Les services financiers : l’automatisation cognitive peut être utilisée pour automatiser des tâches financières telles que la vérification des antécédents financiers, la gestion des risques et la détection de fraudes. Cela peut réduire la demande pour les travailleurs dans les tâches administratives de base.

Le commerce de détail : l’automatisation des entrepôts et des centres de distribution peut réduire la demande pour les travailleurs dans les tâches de manutention et de logistique. Les robots de service peuvent également être utilisés dans les magasins pour aider les clients et automatiser les tâches de service.

Le transport : l’automatisation des véhicules peut avoir un impact significatif sur les emplois de chauffeurs de camions, de taxi et de livraison. Les véhicules autonomes peuvent remplacer les chauffeurs humains pour les tâches de transport longue distance, tandis que les drones peuvent être utilisés pour livrer des colis dans les zones urbaines.

Cependant, tous les emplois ne sont pas également menacés par l’automatisation. Les emplois qui nécessitent des compétences cognitives élevées, de la créativité ou de l’empathie sont moins susceptibles d’être automatisés. Par exemple, les emplois dans les secteurs de la santé, de l’éducation et des arts sont moins susceptibles d’être automatisés car ils impliquent des interactions humaines et des compétences créatives.

C. Les avantages et les limites de l’automatisation

1. Les avantages de l’automatisation L’automatisation peut offrir de nombreux avantages pour les entreprises et les consommateurs :

  • Augmentation de la productivité : Les machines automatisées peuvent produire des biens et des services plus rapidement et plus efficacement que les travailleurs humains, ce qui peut augmenter la productivité de l’entreprise.
  • Réduction des coûts : L’automatisation peut réduire les coûts de production, en particulier à long terme, car les machines peuvent fonctionner 24 heures sur 24, 7 jours sur 7, sans pause ou congé.
  • Amélioration de la qualité : Les machines automatisées peuvent être programmées pour effectuer des tâches de manière précise et cohérente, ce qui peut améliorer la qualité des produits et des services.
  • Sécurité : L’automatisation peut être utilisée pour effectuer des tâches dangereuses ou répétitives, éliminant ainsi les risques pour les travailleurs.

2. Les limites de l’automatisation Cependant, l’automatisation peut également présenter des limites et des défis :

  • Perte d’emplois : L’automatisation peut entraîner la suppression de certains emplois, en particulier ceux qui impliquent des tâches répétitives ou physiques. Cela peut avoir un impact négatif sur les travailleurs qui perdent leur emploi, ainsi que sur les communautés qui dépendent de ces emplois.
  • Coûts initiaux élevés : L’installation de machines automatisées peut être coûteuse, en particulier pour les petites entreprises. Cela peut limiter l’accès à l’automatisation pour certaines entreprises.
  • Besoin de compétences spécialisées : L’utilisation de machines automatisées nécessite souvent des compétences spécialisées pour la programmation, la maintenance et la réparation. Cela peut créer un écart de compétences dans la main-d’œuvre, où certaines personnes ne sont plus qualifiées pour les emplois disponibles.
  • Risque de déshumanisation : L’automatisation peut réduire les interactions humaines dans certains secteurs, ce qui peut avoir un impact négatif sur la qualité de vie des travailleurs et des consommateurs.

En somme, l’automatisation peut offrir de nombreux avantages pour les entreprises et les consommateurs, mais elle présente également des limites et des défis pour les travailleurs et les communautés. Il est important d’évaluer les impacts potentiels de l’automatisation et de prendre des mesures pour atténuer les effets négatifs sur les travailleurs et les communautés.

III. Les impacts de l’automatisation sur l’emploi

A. la destruction d’emplois.

L’automatisation peut entraîner la destruction d’emplois dans de nombreux secteurs. Les machines automatisées peuvent remplacer les travailleurs humains dans des tâches répétitives et physiques, ce qui peut conduire à la suppression de certains emplois. En outre, l’automatisation peut également réduire les coûts de production pour les entreprises, ce qui peut les inciter à remplacer les travailleurs par des machines.

1. Les secteurs les plus touchés Certains secteurs sont particulièrement vulnérables à la destruction d’emplois due à l’automatisation, notamment :

  • L’industrie manufacturière : Les machines automatisées peuvent remplacer les travailleurs dans les tâches de fabrication et d’assemblage.
  • Le secteur des transports : Les véhicules autonomes peuvent remplacer les chauffeurs de camions, de taxis et de transports en commun.
  • Les centres d’appels : Les chatbots et les assistants virtuels peuvent remplacer les travailleurs humains dans les interactions avec les clients.
  • La vente au détail : Les caisses automatiques peuvent remplacer les caissiers dans les magasins.

2. Les conséquences de la destruction d’emplois La destruction d’emplois due à l’automatisation peut avoir des conséquences importantes pour les travailleurs et les communautés. En particulier, elle peut entraîner :

  • Une perte de revenus : Les travailleurs qui perdent leur emploi en raison de l’automatisation peuvent avoir du mal à trouver un nouvel emploi, ce qui peut entraîner une perte de revenus.
  • Une augmentation du chômage : La destruction d’emplois due à l’automatisation peut contribuer à l’augmentation du taux de chômage dans certaines régions.
  • Une polarisation de l’emploi : L’automatisation peut créer des emplois hautement qualifiés dans la programmation, la maintenance et la réparation des machines automatisées, tandis que les emplois peu qualifiés peuvent être supprimés.
  • Une réduction de la demande de travailleurs peu qualifiés : L’automatisation peut réduire la demande de travailleurs peu qualifiés, ce qui peut conduire à une augmentation des inégalités économiques.

En somme, la destruction d’emplois due à l’automatisation peut avoir des conséquences importantes pour les travailleurs et les communautés. Il est important de prendre des mesures pour atténuer les effets négatifs de l’automatisation sur l’emploi, par exemple en fournissant une formation et des compétences nouvelles pour les travailleurs et en investissant dans les secteurs qui sont moins susceptibles d’être touchés par l’automatisation.

B. La création de nouveaux emplois

L’automatisation peut également avoir des effets positifs sur l’emploi en créant de nouveaux emplois dans des secteurs émergents. En outre, les machines automatisées peuvent aider les travailleurs humains à effectuer des tâches plus rapidement et plus efficacement, ce qui peut améliorer la productivité et la compétitivité des entreprises.

1. Les secteurs émergents L’automatisation peut créer de nouveaux emplois dans des secteurs émergents, notamment :

  • L’industrie de la technologie : Les entreprises qui développent et produisent des machines automatisées ont besoin de travailleurs hautement qualifiés dans des domaines tels que la programmation, la conception et l’ingénierie.
  • Les services liés à l’automatisation : Les entreprises qui fournissent des services de programmation, de maintenance et de réparation pour les machines automatisées peuvent créer de nouveaux emplois.
  • La cybersécurité : Avec l’automatisation, la sécurité des systèmes informatiques est devenue un enjeu majeur. Les entreprises peuvent embaucher des travailleurs pour améliorer la sécurité de leurs systèmes.

2. Les avantages de la création de nouveaux emplois La création de nouveaux emplois due à l’automatisation peut avoir des avantages importants pour les travailleurs et les entreprises, notamment :

  • Une amélioration de la productivité : L’automatisation peut aider les travailleurs humains à effectuer des tâches plus rapidement et plus efficacement, ce qui peut améliorer la productivité et la compétitivité des entreprises.
  • Une augmentation des salaires : La création de nouveaux emplois dans des secteurs émergents peut augmenter la demande de travailleurs hautement qualifiés, ce qui peut conduire à une augmentation des salaires.
  • Une amélioration des conditions de travail : L’automatisation peut aider à éliminer les tâches répétitives et physiques, ce qui peut améliorer les conditions de travail pour les travailleurs.
  • Une amélioration de la sécurité au travail : L’automatisation peut aider à éliminer les tâches dangereuses et réduire les risques d’accidents du travail.

En somme, l’automatisation peut également créer de nouveaux emplois dans des secteurs émergents et améliorer les conditions de travail pour les travailleurs. Cependant, il est important de reconnaître que la création de nouveaux emplois peut ne pas être suffisante pour compenser la destruction d’emplois due à l’automatisation. Il est donc crucial de trouver des moyens de soutenir les travailleurs qui sont touchés par la destruction d’emplois et de fournir une formation et des compétences nouvelles pour les aider à se reconvertir.

C. Les transformations des emplois existants

L’automatisation peut transformer la nature des emplois existants, en changeant les tâches et les compétences nécessaires pour effectuer ces emplois. Les travailleurs peuvent donc devoir s’adapter à de nouveaux outils et technologies, ainsi qu’à de nouvelles formes d’organisation du travail.

1. Les compétences requises Avec l’automatisation, de nouvelles compétences peuvent devenir nécessaires pour effectuer certains emplois. Par exemple, les travailleurs peuvent avoir besoin de compétences en programmation pour utiliser des machines automatisées. De plus, les travailleurs peuvent devoir se familiariser avec de nouvelles technologies et outils pour accomplir leur travail. Il est donc important pour les travailleurs de maintenir leurs compétences à jour et de se former pour acquérir de nouvelles compétences.

2. Les nouvelles formes d’organisation du travail L’automatisation peut également transformer la façon dont les travailleurs accomplissent leur travail. Les machines automatisées peuvent être utilisées pour effectuer certaines tâches répétitives, ce qui peut libérer les travailleurs pour des tâches plus créatives et à plus forte valeur ajoutée. De plus, l’automatisation peut permettre de nouvelles formes de collaboration entre les travailleurs et les machines, ce qui peut améliorer l’efficacité et la qualité du travail.

Cependant, l’automatisation peut également entraîner des changements négatifs dans les emplois existants. Les travailleurs peuvent être remplacés par des machines, ce qui peut entraîner la perte d’emplois. De plus, les travailleurs peuvent devoir s’adapter à des tâches différentes et plus complexes, ce qui peut être difficile pour certains travailleurs.

En conclusion, l’automatisation peut transformer la nature des emplois existants, en changeant les tâches et les compétences nécessaires pour effectuer ces emplois. Les travailleurs doivent s’adapter à de nouveaux outils et technologies, ainsi qu’à de nouvelles formes d’organisation du travail. Il est donc crucial pour les travailleurs de maintenir leurs compétences à jour et de se former pour acquérir de nouvelles compétences. De plus, il est important pour les entreprises et les gouvernements de fournir des programmes de formation et de reconversion pour aider les travailleurs à s’adapter aux changements apportés par l’automatisation.

IV. Les effets de l’automatisation sur la nature du travail

A. la redéfinition des tâches et des compétences.

L’automatisation a un impact significatif sur les tâches et les compétences nécessaires pour effectuer certains emplois. Les machines automatisées peuvent remplacer les travailleurs dans des tâches répétitives et prévisibles, tandis que les travailleurs peuvent être impliqués dans des tâches plus créatives et à plus forte valeur ajoutée. Les compétences requises pour effectuer ces emplois peuvent également changer avec l’automatisation.

1. Les tâches redéfinies Avec l’automatisation, certaines tâches peuvent être redéfinies ou modifiées. Par exemple, les machines peuvent être utilisées pour effectuer des tâches répétitives, ce qui libère les travailleurs pour des tâches plus créatives et plus à forte valeur ajoutée. De plus, les machines peuvent être utilisées pour effectuer des tâches dangereuses ou difficiles pour les travailleurs, ce qui peut améliorer la sécurité et la santé au travail.

Cependant, l’automatisation peut également avoir des impacts négatifs sur les travailleurs. Les travailleurs peuvent être remplacés par des machines dans certaines tâches, ce qui peut entraîner la perte d’emplois. De plus, les tâches restantes pour les travailleurs peuvent être plus complexes et exigeantes, ce qui peut nécessiter de nouvelles compétences et une formation supplémentaire.

2. Les compétences requises L’automatisation peut également changer les compétences nécessaires pour effectuer certains emplois. Les travailleurs peuvent devoir se familiariser avec de nouvelles technologies et outils pour accomplir leur travail, ce qui peut nécessiter une formation supplémentaire. De plus, les travailleurs peuvent devoir acquérir de nouvelles compétences, telles que la programmation, pour utiliser des machines automatisées.

Cependant, l’automatisation peut également améliorer les compétences des travailleurs. Les travailleurs peuvent être impliqués dans des tâches plus créatives et à forte valeur ajoutée, ce qui peut stimuler leur créativité et leur motivation. De plus, les machines peuvent être utilisées pour aider les travailleurs à effectuer des tâches plus complexes, ce qui peut améliorer leur performance.

En conclusion, l’automatisation peut redéfinir les tâches et les compétences nécessaires pour effectuer certains emplois. Les travailleurs peuvent être impliqués dans des tâches plus créatives et à forte valeur ajoutée, tandis que les machines peuvent être utilisées pour effectuer des tâches répétitives et prévisibles. Cependant, l’automatisation peut également entraîner la perte d’emplois et nécessiter une formation supplémentaire pour les travailleurs. Il est donc crucial pour les travailleurs de maintenir leurs compétences à jour et de se former pour acquérir de nouvelles compétences. Les entreprises et les gouvernements doivent également fournir des programmes de formation et de reconversion pour aider les travailleurs à s’adapter aux changements apportés par l’automatisation.

B. Les conséquences sur les conditions de travail

L’automatisation peut avoir un impact significatif sur les conditions de travail des travailleurs. Les machines automatisées peuvent changer la nature du travail et les conditions dans lesquelles il est effectué. Les travailleurs peuvent être exposés à de nouveaux risques, tels que l’exposition à des produits chimiques ou des radiations, ou à des risques psychosociaux, tels que la pression et le stress.

1. Les risques physiques L’automatisation peut réduire les risques physiques pour les travailleurs. Les machines automatisées peuvent être utilisées pour effectuer des tâches dangereuses ou difficiles pour les travailleurs, ce qui peut améliorer la sécurité et la santé au travail. Les travailleurs peuvent également être soulagés des tâches répétitives et pénibles, ce qui peut réduire les risques de troubles musculo-squelettiques (TMS) et d’autres maladies professionnelles.

Cependant, l’automatisation peut également présenter de nouveaux risques pour les travailleurs. Les machines automatisées peuvent être dangereuses si elles ne sont pas utilisées correctement, et les travailleurs peuvent être exposés à des produits chimiques ou des radiations lorsqu’ils travaillent avec des machines automatisées. Les travailleurs peuvent également être exposés à des risques psychosociaux, tels que la pression et le stress, lorsqu’ils sont impliqués dans des tâches plus complexes et exigeantes.

2. Les risques psychosociaux L’automatisation peut également avoir un impact sur les risques psychosociaux pour les travailleurs. Les machines automatisées peuvent être utilisées pour effectuer des tâches répétitives et prévisibles, ce qui peut réduire le stress et la pression sur les travailleurs. De plus, les travailleurs peuvent être impliqués dans des tâches plus créatives et à forte valeur ajoutée, ce qui peut stimuler leur motivation et leur engagement.

Cependant, l’automatisation peut également entraîner des risques psychosociaux pour les travailleurs. Les travailleurs peuvent être soumis à des contrôles et des surveillances plus stricts, ce qui peut créer des sentiments de surveillance et de stress. De plus, les travailleurs peuvent être confrontés à des changements importants dans leur travail et leur environnement de travail, ce qui peut créer des incertitudes et des inquiétudes.

En conclusion, l’automatisation peut avoir des conséquences significatives sur les conditions de travail des travailleurs. Les machines automatisées peuvent réduire les risques physiques et psychosociaux, mais peuvent également présenter de nouveaux risques. Les travailleurs peuvent être soumis à des pressions et des stress différents en fonction des tâches et des compétences requises. Il est donc crucial pour les entreprises et les gouvernements de prendre en compte ces impacts sur les conditions de travail et de mettre en place des mesures pour protéger la santé et la sécurité des travailleurs. Les travailleurs doivent également être formés et préparés pour s’adapter aux nouvelles conditions de travail créées par l’automatisation.

C. Les impacts sur la relation entre les travailleurs et les machines

L’automatisation a un impact sur la relation entre les travailleurs et les machines. En effet, l’utilisation de machines automatisées peut modifier la manière dont les travailleurs interagissent avec leur environnement de travail.

Tout d’abord, l’automatisation peut conduire à une réduction de l’interaction humaine avec les machines. Les machines peuvent être conçues pour fonctionner de manière autonome sans intervention humaine, ce qui peut limiter les opportunités pour les travailleurs de développer des compétences manuelles spécifiques. Par exemple, un travailleur qui doit désormais surveiller une machine automatisée peut ne pas avoir l’opportunité de se former à des tâches manuelles qui étaient auparavant effectuées par lui-même.

D’un autre côté, l’automatisation peut augmenter l’interaction entre les travailleurs et les machines, en particulier dans les domaines de la maintenance et de la réparation. Les travailleurs peuvent avoir besoin de développer des compétences en matière de programmation et de maintenance pour pouvoir travailler avec des machines automatisées, ce qui peut conduire à une augmentation de la complexité des tâches.

Enfin, l’automatisation peut également avoir des effets sur la psychologie des travailleurs. L’augmentation de l’interaction avec des machines peut conduire à une augmentation du stress, de l’anxiété et de la frustration chez les travailleurs, qui peuvent se sentir submergés par la complexité de leur environnement de travail. En revanche, l’utilisation de machines automatisées peut également libérer les travailleurs de tâches répétitives et ennuyeuses, ce qui peut améliorer leur satisfaction au travail.

En somme, l’automatisation peut avoir des effets sur la relation entre les travailleurs et les machines. Elle peut conduire à une réduction ou à une augmentation de l’interaction humaine avec les machines, ainsi qu’à des effets sur la psychologie des travailleurs.

V. Les impacts de l’automatisation sur le marché de l’emploi

A. la transformation des métiers et des secteurs.

L’automatisation peut transformer les métiers et les secteurs, ce qui peut avoir des conséquences importantes sur les travailleurs et sur le marché du travail en général.

Tout d’abord, l’automatisation peut entraîner la disparition de certains métiers, en particulier ceux qui sont répétitifs ou qui peuvent être facilement automatisés. Cela peut avoir un impact sur les travailleurs qui exercent ces métiers, qui peuvent perdre leur emploi ou devoir se reconvertir. Par exemple, les travailleurs qui travaillent dans les usines peuvent être remplacés par des robots.

Cependant, l’automatisation peut également créer de nouveaux métiers, en particulier dans les domaines de la conception, de la programmation et de la maintenance des machines automatisées. Ces nouveaux métiers peuvent exiger des compétences plus avancées et des niveaux de formation plus élevés que les métiers traditionnels. Par conséquent, les travailleurs qui se reconvertissent dans ces nouveaux métiers peuvent avoir besoin de se former et d’acquérir de nouvelles compétences.

En outre, l’automatisation peut transformer les secteurs en modifiant les processus de production et de distribution. Par exemple, l’automatisation peut permettre une production plus rapide et plus efficace, ce qui peut réduire les coûts de production et rendre les produits moins chers pour les consommateurs. Cela peut également conduire à une augmentation de la compétitivité des entreprises qui utilisent des machines automatisées.

Cependant, l’automatisation peut également entraîner une concentration du marché, en particulier dans les secteurs où les investissements en automatisation sont élevés. Les entreprises qui peuvent se permettre d’investir dans des machines automatisées peuvent avoir un avantage compétitif par rapport aux entreprises qui ne le peuvent pas. Cela peut entraîner une réduction de la concurrence et une augmentation du pouvoir de marché des entreprises qui ont investi dans l’automatisation.

En somme, l’automatisation peut transformer les métiers et les secteurs en créant de nouveaux métiers et en modifiant les processus de production et de distribution. Cependant, elle peut également entraîner la disparition de certains métiers et une concentration du marché dans les secteurs où les investissements en automatisation sont élevés.

B. Les effets sur la répartition des emplois entre les différents types de travailleurs

L’automatisation peut également avoir des effets sur la répartition des emplois entre les différents types de travailleurs, en particulier entre les travailleurs peu qualifiés et les travailleurs hautement qualifiés.

D’une part, l’automatisation peut réduire le nombre d’emplois disponibles pour les travailleurs peu qualifiés, en particulier dans les secteurs où les tâches répétitives peuvent être facilement automatisées. Cela peut entraîner une augmentation de la concurrence pour les emplois restants, ce qui peut à son tour entraîner une réduction des salaires pour les travailleurs peu qualifiés.

D’autre part, l’automatisation peut créer de nouveaux emplois pour les travailleurs hautement qualifiés, en particulier dans les domaines de la conception, de la programmation et de la maintenance des machines automatisées. Ces nouveaux emplois peuvent être bien rémunérés, mais ils peuvent également exiger des niveaux de formation plus élevés que les emplois traditionnels.

En conséquence, l’automatisation peut contribuer à une polarisation de l’emploi, où les travailleurs hautement qualifiés ont accès à des emplois bien rémunérés et en croissance, tandis que les travailleurs peu qualifiés sont confrontés à des emplois moins bien rémunérés et moins sécurisés.

Cependant, il convient de noter que la polarisation de l’emploi ne se produit pas nécessairement dans tous les secteurs. Dans certains secteurs, l’automatisation peut entraîner une augmentation de la demande pour les travailleurs peu qualifiés, en particulier dans les secteurs où l’interaction humaine est importante, tels que les soins de santé et les services à la personne.

En somme, l’automatisation peut avoir des effets sur la répartition des emplois entre les différents types de travailleurs, en créant des emplois pour les travailleurs hautement qualifiés et en réduisant le nombre d’emplois disponibles pour les travailleurs peu qualifiés. Cependant, il convient de noter que la polarisation de l’emploi ne se produit pas nécessairement dans tous les secteurs.

C. Les conséquences sur le chômage et l’emploi précaire

L’automatisation peut également avoir des conséquences sur le chômage et l’emploi précaire.

D’une part, l’automatisation peut conduire à la destruction d’emplois, en particulier dans les secteurs où les tâches peuvent être facilement automatisées. Cela peut entraîner une augmentation du chômage, en particulier pour les travailleurs peu qualifiés qui sont les plus touchés par la réduction des emplois disponibles. Cela peut également conduire à une augmentation de l’emploi précaire, car les travailleurs peuvent être forcés de prendre des emplois temporaires ou à temps partiel pour compenser la perte de leur emploi précédent.

D’autre part, l’automatisation peut également créer de nouveaux emplois, en particulier pour les travailleurs hautement qualifiés qui sont nécessaires pour concevoir, programmer et entretenir les machines automatisées. Ces nouveaux emplois peuvent être bien rémunérés et stables, ce qui peut contribuer à réduire le chômage et l’emploi précaire.

Cependant, il est important de noter que les nouveaux emplois créés par l’automatisation ne sont pas toujours accessibles à tous les travailleurs. Les travailleurs peu qualifiés qui ont perdu leur emploi en raison de l’automatisation peuvent ne pas avoir les compétences nécessaires pour accéder à ces nouveaux emplois, ce qui peut conduire à une polarisation de l’emploi et à une augmentation de l’inégalité économique.

En outre, l’automatisation peut également avoir des effets sur les conditions de travail, en particulier pour les travailleurs qui restent dans les emplois touchés par l’automatisation. Les travailleurs peuvent être confrontés à des pressions accrues pour augmenter leur productivité, ce qui peut entraîner une augmentation du stress et des risques pour la santé mentale.

En somme, l’automatisation peut avoir des conséquences sur le chômage et l’emploi précaire, en détruisant des emplois existants tout en créant de nouveaux emplois. Cependant, il est important de noter que les nouveaux emplois créés par l’automatisation ne sont pas toujours accessibles à tous les travailleurs, ce qui peut contribuer à une polarisation de l’emploi et à une augmentation de l’inégalité économique.

VI. Les réponses politiques et sociales à l’automatisation

A. les politiques de formation et d’éducation.

Les politiques de formation et d’éducation sont un moyen clé pour faire face aux effets de l’automatisation sur l’emploi.

D’une part, la formation peut permettre aux travailleurs de développer les compétences nécessaires pour s’adapter aux nouveaux emplois créés par l’automatisation. Les programmes de formation professionnelle peuvent fournir aux travailleurs les compétences techniques et pratiques nécessaires pour travailler avec des machines automatisées, tandis que les programmes de formation continue peuvent aider les travailleurs à développer des compétences plus générales telles que la pensée critique et la résolution de problèmes.

D’autre part, l’éducation peut jouer un rôle dans la préparation des travailleurs aux changements structurels dans le marché de l’emploi. Les programmes d’éducation peuvent aider les travailleurs à acquérir une compréhension plus large des tendances économiques et technologiques, ce qui peut les aider à prendre des décisions éclairées sur leur carrière et à se préparer à des changements futurs.

En outre, les politiques de formation et d’éducation peuvent aider à réduire les inégalités économiques et à promouvoir la mobilité sociale. Les programmes de formation et d’éducation peuvent offrir des opportunités aux travailleurs issus de milieux défavorisés ou marginalisés, leur permettant d’acquérir des compétences qui leur donnent accès à des emplois mieux rémunérés et plus stables.

Cependant, il est important de noter que les politiques de formation et d’éducation ne sont pas toujours suffisantes pour faire face aux effets de l’automatisation sur l’emploi. Les travailleurs peu qualifiés qui perdent leur emploi en raison de l’automatisation peuvent avoir besoin d’une assistance supplémentaire, telle que des programmes de reconversion professionnelle et des prestations de chômage plus généreuses.

En somme, les politiques de formation et d’éducation peuvent aider à faire face aux effets de l’automatisation sur l’emploi, en fournissant aux travailleurs les compétences et les connaissances nécessaires pour s’adapter aux changements du marché de l’emploi. Cependant, il est important de noter que ces politiques ne sont pas toujours suffisantes et que d’autres mesures, telles que des programmes de reconversion professionnelle et des prestations de chômage, peuvent également être nécessaires pour aider les travailleurs à faire face aux changements structurels du marché de l’emploi.

B. Les politiques de protection sociale

Les politiques de protection sociale sont également un moyen important pour faire face aux effets de l’automatisation sur l’emploi.

L’automatisation peut entraîner la suppression d’emplois dans certains secteurs, ce qui peut se traduire par une perte de revenus pour les travailleurs concernés. Les politiques de protection sociale, telles que les prestations de chômage et les régimes de retraite, peuvent aider à atténuer les conséquences financières pour les travailleurs touchés par l’automatisation. Ces politiques peuvent également aider à réduire la pauvreté et les inégalités économiques, en offrant une protection contre les chocs économiques.

En outre, les politiques de protection sociale peuvent également aider à soutenir les travailleurs en transition, en leur offrant des prestations de formation professionnelle, des programmes de reconversion professionnelle et d’autres formes de soutien pour les aider à s’adapter aux changements du marché de l’emploi. Les politiques de protection sociale peuvent également aider à promouvoir la mobilité sociale en offrant des opportunités équitables aux travailleurs de différents milieux socio-économiques.

Cependant, il est important de noter que les politiques de protection sociale peuvent être coûteuses et qu’il est souvent difficile de trouver un équilibre entre la nécessité de protéger les travailleurs contre les conséquences de l’automatisation et la nécessité de maintenir la compétitivité des entreprises. Par conséquent, les politiques de protection sociale doivent être conçues de manière à être financièrement viables à long terme.

En somme, les politiques de protection sociale sont un moyen important pour faire face aux effets de l’automatisation sur l’emploi, en offrant une protection financière aux travailleurs touchés par l’automatisation et en aidant à soutenir leur transition vers de nouveaux emplois. Cependant, il est important de veiller à ce que ces politiques soient financièrement viables et qu’elles ne compromettent pas la compétitivité des entreprises.

C. Les enjeux de la transition vers une économie automatisée

La transition vers une économie automatisée soulève également des enjeux importants.

Tout d’abord, l’automatisation peut conduire à des inégalités économiques et sociales accrues si elle ne s’accompagne pas de politiques appropriées pour en atténuer les conséquences. Les travailleurs dont les emplois sont remplacés par des machines peuvent se retrouver au chômage ou dans des emplois précaires, tandis que les travailleurs hautement qualifiés qui conçoivent, installent et maintiennent les machines peuvent bénéficier de salaires et d’avantages élevés. Il est donc important de mettre en place des politiques pour assurer que les bénéfices de l’automatisation sont partagés équitablement.

En outre, la transition vers une économie automatisée peut avoir des conséquences sur l’environnement, notamment en raison de la consommation accrue d’énergie et de la production de déchets électroniques. Il est donc important de développer des technologies plus propres et de mettre en place des politiques pour encourager une utilisation plus durable des ressources.

Enfin, la transition vers une économie automatisée peut également avoir des implications sur le plan de la sécurité de l’emploi et de la santé et de la sécurité au travail. Les travailleurs peuvent être exposés à des risques liés à l’utilisation de machines automatisées, et il est donc important de mettre en place des politiques pour assurer leur sécurité et leur santé au travail.

En somme, la transition vers une économie automatisée soulève des enjeux importants en termes d’inégalités économiques et sociales, d’environnement, de sécurité de l’emploi et de santé et de sécurité au travail. Il est donc crucial de mettre en place des politiques appropriées pour atténuer les conséquences négatives de l’automatisation et pour assurer que ses avantages soient partagés équitablement.

VII. Conclusion

A. synthèse des impacts de l’automatisation sur l’emploi et le marché du travail.

En synthèse, l’automatisation a des impacts significatifs sur l’emploi et le marché du travail. D’une part, elle peut conduire à la destruction d’emplois, notamment dans les secteurs manufacturiers, mais aussi à la création de nouveaux emplois dans les domaines liés aux technologies de l’information et de la communication. D’autre part, elle peut transformer les emplois existants en redéfinissant les tâches et les compétences nécessaires, ainsi que les conditions de travail.

L’automatisation peut également avoir des conséquences sur la répartition des emplois entre les différents types de travailleurs, conduisant à des inégalités économiques et sociales accrues. En outre, elle peut avoir des implications sur l’environnement, la sécurité de l’emploi et la santé et la sécurité au travail.

Il est donc crucial de mettre en place des politiques appropriées pour atténuer les conséquences négatives de l’automatisation et pour assurer que ses avantages soient partagés équitablement. Cela peut inclure des politiques de formation et d’éducation pour permettre aux travailleurs de développer de nouvelles compétences, des politiques de protection sociale pour soutenir les travailleurs dont les emplois ont été supprimés, ainsi que des politiques pour encourager une utilisation plus durable des ressources et assurer la sécurité et la santé des travailleurs.

B. Les limites et les défis de l’automatisation

Bien que l’automatisation puisse offrir de nombreux avantages, elle comporte également certaines limites et défis importants.

Tout d’abord, l’automatisation peut être coûteuse à mettre en place et à maintenir, ce qui peut rendre son adoption difficile pour les entreprises plus petites ou moins riches. En outre, les machines et les robots peuvent nécessiter une expertise technique et une maintenance régulière, ce qui peut être difficile à gérer pour certaines entreprises.

De plus, l’automatisation peut avoir des implications importantes pour la sécurité de l’emploi et pour la répartition des richesses. Si les emplois sont supprimés à grande échelle, cela peut entraîner des perturbations économiques et sociales, ainsi qu’une augmentation de la précarité et de l’insécurité pour les travailleurs.

Enfin, l’automatisation peut également avoir des impacts environnementaux importants. Bien que l’automatisation puisse aider à réduire la consommation d’énergie et les émissions de gaz à effet de serre dans certains cas, elle peut également encourager une surconsommation et une augmentation de la production, ce qui peut avoir des impacts négatifs sur l’environnement.

En résumé, bien que l’automatisation puisse offrir de nombreux avantages, il est important de reconnaître les limites et les défis qui y sont associés, afin de garantir une utilisation responsable et durable de la technologie. Cela implique une réflexion approfondie sur les implications économiques, sociales et environnementales de l’automatisation, ainsi que la mise en place de politiques pour atténuer les impacts négatifs et maximiser les avantages pour l’ensemble de la société.

C. Les perspectives pour l’avenir du travail dans une économie automatisée.

L’automatisation est une tendance qui ne va pas disparaître de sitôt, et l’avenir du travail dans une économie automatisée est donc une question importante à considérer. À court terme, l’automatisation devrait continuer à avoir des impacts significatifs sur le marché de l’emploi, avec une destruction d’emplois dans certains secteurs et la création de nouveaux emplois dans d’autres.

À plus long terme, il est possible que l’automatisation conduise à une transformation radicale de la nature du travail. De nombreuses tâches répétitives et routinières pourraient être automatisées, ce qui pourrait libérer les travailleurs pour se concentrer sur des tâches plus créatives et à plus forte valeur ajoutée, telles que la conception, la gestion, la planification et la maintenance des systèmes automatisés. Cela pourrait également encourager la formation et l’éducation des travailleurs pour acquérir les compétences nécessaires pour travailler en étroite collaboration avec les machines et les robots.

Cependant, il est important de souligner que l’automatisation ne sera pas la solution miracle à tous les problèmes économiques et sociaux. Les emplois créés par l’automatisation pourraient nécessiter des compétences et des connaissances très différentes de celles des emplois qui sont détruits, ce qui pourrait créer des défis de transition pour les travailleurs qui doivent changer de carrière. Il est également important de garantir que les avantages économiques de l’automatisation soient répartis équitablement et que les travailleurs soient protégés contre les conséquences négatives telles que la précarité de l’emploi.

En fin de compte, l’avenir du travail dans une économie automatisée dépendra en grande partie des décisions que nous prenons en tant que société. En investissant dans l’éducation et la formation des travailleurs, en garantissant des conditions de travail équitables et en protégeant les travailleurs contre les conséquences négatives de l’automatisation, nous pouvons maximiser les avantages de la technologie tout en minimisant les risques et en garantissant un avenir durable pour le travail dans une économie automatisée.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contrat de travail Contrat de travail'

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Selusi, Sophie. "La cession du contrat de travail." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD058.

Petit, François. "L'après-contrat de travail." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR1D039.

Diotallevi, Gérard. "De quelques obligations accessoires au contrat de travail." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0734.

Mazaud, Anne-Laure. "Contrat de travail et droit commun : essai de mesure." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2157.

Chicheportiche, Laura. "Les ruptures d'un commun accord du contrat de travail." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020086.

Scaglia, Mathilde. "Contrat de travail et sources du droit." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE0002/document.

Guastalla, Pierre. "La rupture amiable du contrat de travail." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1053.

Chretien-Lesschaeve, Anne-Sophie. "Interprétation et contrat : étude en droit du travail." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100105.

Julien, Mathilde Jeammaud Antoine. "Le contrat de travail, source d'obligations." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2003. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2003/julien_m.

Julien, Mathilde. "Le contrat de travail, source d'obligations." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/julien_m.

Pasquier, Thomas. "L' économie du contrat de travail." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100100.

Donnette-Boissière, Anaëlle. "La contractualisation en droit du travail." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10032.

Huber, Rodolphe. "Droit du contrat de travail et socialisation du droit des contrats." Lille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL20018.

Idriss, Ahmed. "Le contenu contractuel du contrat de travail : contribution à l'étude de la modification du contrat de travail." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE0002.

Fugier, Romain. "Le contrat de travail du sportif professionnel." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0005.

Corgas-Bernard, Christina. "La résiliation unilatérale du contrat à durée déterminée /." Aix-en-Provence : Presses universitaires d'Aix-Marseille, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401698488.

Gauthier, Walter. "La rémunération du travail salarié." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0189/document.

Byrne-Sutton, Pascale. "Le contrat de travail à temps partiel /." Zürich : Schulthess Juristische Medien, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/338249656.pdf.

Mylonas, Théodora. "La force obligatoire du contrat de travail." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10064.

Boitard-Lepine, Marie-Alice. "La formation, objet du contrat de travail." Cergy-Pontoise, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CERG0059.

Ripert, Prescilla Prisilla. "Le contrat de travail du sportif professionnel." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40005.

Fiorentino, Allison. "La rupture du contrat de travail en droit anglais : droit comparé anglais et français /." Aix-en-Provence : Presses universitaires d'Aix-Marseille, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb412777570.

Alibert, Anne-Claire. "Les Cadres quasi-indépendants : du contrat de travail au contrat d’activité dépendante." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/66/31/80/PDF/2005CLF10288.pdf.

Lefer, Camille. "Les droits potestatifs dans le contrat de travail." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020039/document.

Rouspide-Katchadourian, Marie-Noëlle. "Le juge et le contrat de travail : essai sur la relecture judiciaire d'un contrat." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020018/document.

Alibert, Anne-Claire. "Les Cadres quasi-indépendants : : du contrat de travail au contrat d activité dépendante." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00663180.

Camana, Hélène. "La conception du contrat de la jurisprudence contemporaine relative au contrat de travail." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010302.

Chareun, Romain. "Le contrat de travail du footballeur professionnel : étude d'une spécificité." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1091.

Cayol, Amandine. "Le contrat d'ouvrage." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010298.

Robelin, Dominique. "Le Pouvoir de révision du contrat de travail." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37595133h.

Moreau, Emmanuelle. "Lois de police et contrat international de travail." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100094.

Touba, Keltoum. "Réflexions sur le contrat de travail au Maroc." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100137.

Barré, Agnès. "Les clauses du contrat de travail et l'abus." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX32007.

Revel, Sébastien. "Faute pénale et rupture du contrat de travail." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN0082.

Brissy, Stéphane. "L'obligation de résultat dans le contrat de travail." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL20024.

Koleck-Desautel, Sonia. "La notion de modification du contrat de travail." Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40038.

Étiennot, Pascale. "La formation professionnelle dans le contrat de travail." Nancy 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN20016.

Gratton, Laurène-Kirstie. "Les clauses de variation du contrat de travail." Paris 1, 2009. http://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D93.

Decamps, Jennifer. "Les modes amiables de rupture du contrat de travail." Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG2039/document.

Capmas-Benoist, Claire. "Les conventions relatives à la résiliation du contrat de travail." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010263.

Poirier, Mireille. "Les contrats de travail atypiques." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR1D008.

Bourret, Christelle. "La question de l'existence d'un contrat de travail ou d'entreprise relatif à la prostitution." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10050/document.

Paquier-Zorgui, Catherine. "Contrat et fonction publique en Europe." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4025.

Rasselet, Manoëlla Chaumette Patrick. "Les ruptures du contrat de travail mise en perspective /." [S.l] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=26326.

Condemine, Damien Jeammaud Antoine. "Les interventions du juge dans le contrat de travail." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2008/condemine_d.

Rhiyourhi, Naïma. "Le contrat de travail et l'inaptitude médicale du salarié." Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA131017.

Condemine, Damien. "Les interventions du juge dans le contrat de travail." Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/condemine_d.

Rasselet, Manoëlla. "Les ruptures du contrat de travail : mise en perspective." Nantes, 2007. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=ca805ac1-000d-415f-8b61-78ef9cdd40b4.

Allam, Delila. "L'incomplétude du contrat de travail et ses conséquences organisationnelles." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010075.

Pontvianne-Broux, Arnaud. "La formation du contrat de travail du sportif professionnel." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01D005.

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