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Formatting Titles

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  • 23rd April 2018

If you need advice about formatting headings in your work, try this post . But if you want to know about formatting titles of other works in your writing (e.g., books or journal articles), you’re in the right place! Read on to find out when to use italics and quote marks for titles in your work .

First, let’s give an example of what we mean. Take the following sentence:

thesis title underlined

Here, “Game of Thrones” refers to a popular TV show. If we didn’t know this, we might guess from the capitalization , but most style guides also recommend using distinct formatting for titles. This usually means italicizing the title or placing it in quote marks. But when does each apply?

Longer Works (Italics)

Titles of longer works, such as books or TV shows, are usually italicized:

thesis title underlined

We use italics for Game of Thrones because it refers to an entire TV series. Works that require italics for titles in this manner include:

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  • Books and book-length poems
  • Journals, newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals
  • Entire websites and blogs
  • Movies, radio programs, and TV shows
  • Plays, musicals, and other stage shows
  • Paintings, statues, and other works of art
  • Music albums and other long recordings

Importantly, all of these are standalone works (i.e., published by themselves rather than as part of a larger whole). So, for example, you would italicize the name of a blog (e.g., Jenny’s Cooking Blog ), but not the name of a post taken from that blog (e.g., “How to Make Beef Stroganoff”).

thesis title underlined

Shorter Works (Quote Marks)

With shorter works that are part of a larger whole, titles should be given in quotation marks . An episode of Game of Thrones , for instance, would be written as follows:

thesis title underlined

Here, the formatting lets us instantly distinguish between an episode title and the show title. Quotation marks are also used when referring to titles of:

  • Chapters from books or edited volumes
  • Articles from newspapers, magazines, journals and other periodicals
  • Particular pages from a website or posts from a blog
  • Individual poems, short stories, and other short literary works
  • Single episodes from a TV series
  • Songs and other short recordings
  • Unpublished writing (regardless of length)

With most of these, the key is that they’re published as part of a longer work or series. The only exception to this is unpublished writing (e.g., a PhD dissertation or an unpublished manuscript).

Beware Exceptions!

As with most rules in writing, there are exceptions to these guidelines about formatting titles. For example, APA has different rules depending on whether a title appears in the main text or the reference list. It is therefore always worth checking your style guide to see if it has specific requirements.

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Do You Underline a College Thesis Title?

Stacie borrello.

A thesis is often the final step before attaining a degree.

Writing a thesis is an exciting and important step toward completing a bachelor's or, more often, a master's degree. Not only does a thesis allow you to demonstrate the knowledge you have already attained, but it also provides the opportunity to explore your creativity and add to your classroom learning. Many students have questions about formatting their thesis, but much information is available online to guide you through the process.

Explore this article

  • Formatting Guide for College Thesis Title

1 Formatting Guide for College Thesis Title

In short, a college thesis title should not be underlined. While the two major style guides used for college papers have slightly different formatting standards, both of these guides agree that a thesis title should not be underlined, italicized or bolded. In American Psychological Association, or APA, style, you should center the title on a title page, use 12-point Times New Roman font and capitalize the important words but not the minor ones, such as prepositions. Modern Language Association, or MLA, style follows the same format, except this style guide does not require a title page like APA.

  • 1 The Purdue Online Writing Lab: MLA Sample Paper
  • 2 Academic Tips: MLA Format

About the Author

Stacie Borrello began her writing career in 1998 at her college newspaper, where her reporting earned her a Southwestern Journalism Congress award. She also taught in Asia and developed conferences for university executives before serving as senior editor of technical trade journals. Borrello specializes in SEO website content and marketing copy for businesses. She holds a Master of Arts from St. John's College.

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Standard College Paper Format

Standard College Paper Format

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Do You Underline a Thesis Title When Writing an Essay? Expert Advice

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Do You Underline a Thesis Title When Writing an Essay? Expert Advice

Are you currently typing away at your essay, carefully constructing your thesis statement, only to find yourself hesitating when it comes to formatting the title? You’re certainly not alone! The question of whether to underline a thesis title has puzzled many students over the years. After all, formatting rules can be tricky and subject to change. But fear not! In this article, we will provide you with expert advice and valuable insights on when and how to properly format your thesis title, ensuring you never stumble on this issue again. So, let’s dive right in and demystify the art of titling your academic masterpiece!

Thesis Title: To Underline or Not to Underline in Your Essay?

1. understanding the importance of properly formatting a thesis title, 2. expert insights: the evolution of thesis title formatting, 3. consistency is key: guidelines for formatting thesis titles, 4. a closer look at underlining as a formatting option for thesis titles, 5. an alternative approach: emphasizing a thesis title without underlining, 6. making the right choice: factors to consider for formatting your thesis title, 7. expert recommendations: best practices for formatting thesis titles in essays, frequently asked questions, wrapping up.

When it comes to formatting your essay, the question of whether to underline or not to underline can often cause confusion. In the era of word processors and digital documents, underlining has taken a backseat, overshadowed by the more modern use of italics. However, the decision between the two formatting options ultimately depends on the style guide you are following and the type of work you are writing.

Using Underlining:

  • Underlining was traditionally used in printed works, like books and newspapers, where italics were not easily achievable.
  • In academic writing, underlining may be preferred in certain cases, such as when citing titles of books, articles, or plays.
  • If your essay needs to adhere to a specific style guide, such as the Modern Language Association (MLA) or the American Psychological Association (APA), it is important to consult the guidelines to understand their preferences on underlining.

Using Italics:

  • Italics have become the standard practice in digital documents as they are more versatile and visually appealing.
  • In most professional fields, italics are preferred for emphasis, particularly in scientific or technical writing.
  • When referencing titles, italics are commonly used for books, journals, websites, and other longer works. However, be mindful of specific style guides and their regulations.

Ultimately, the choice between underlining and italics should be guided by the particular requirements of your essay and the style guide you are following. As language and formatting conventions evolve, it is essential to stay up-to-date and consider the preferences of your intended audience when deciding whether to underline or not to underline.

1. Understanding the Importance of Properly Formatting a Thesis Title

One of the essential elements of any thesis is the title – a concise yet informative statement that reflects the essence of your research. Properly formatting a thesis title is crucial as it not only serves as a first impression for readers but also conveys the key themes and associated methodology. To ensure that your thesis title captivates the attention of your audience, it is essential to follow certain formatting guidelines.

Firstly, consider the length of your title. A concise and to-the-point title is more likely to catch the reader’s eye and leave a lasting impact. Aim for a title that is no more than 15 words, excluding articles and prepositions. By keeping it succinct, you can effectively communicate the main focus of your research.

Additionally, it is important to use proper capitalization and formatting techniques. Start every major word in your title with an uppercase letter to enhance readability. Avoid using unnecessary capitalization for minor words such as articles, conjunctions, or prepositions, unless they are the first or last word in the title. Furthermore, taking into account the style guide provided by your academic institution is imperative. Follow the specific guidelines for font size, type, and other formatting parameters to present a unified and professional appearance throughout your thesis title.

Lastly, ensure that your thesis title reflects the core concept of your research. Use clear and precise wording that accurately represents the main objective of your study. Avoid vague or ambiguous phrasing that may confuse or mislead your readers. Consider incorporating keywords that are directly related to your research topic to improve the discoverability of your thesis in academic databases and search engines.

2. Expert Insights: The Evolution of Thesis Title Formatting

When it comes to thesis title formatting, experts agree that there have been significant advancements over the years. These changes reflect the evolving needs of the academic community and the desire to create titles that effectively convey the essence of the research. Here are some expert insights on the evolution of thesis title formatting:

1. Conciseness and Clarity: Gone are the days of lengthy, convoluted titles that left readers scratching their heads. Nowadays, experts emphasize the importance of concise and clear titles that succinctly summarize the thesis. A well-crafted title should immediately capture the attention of the reader and provide a glimpse into the core focus of the research. Examples like “Unraveling the Mysteries of Dark Matter: A Quantum Approach” or “Exploring Renewable Energy Sources: A Comparative Analysis” demonstrate how shorter, informative titles can pique curiosity while conveying the main subject matter.

2. Inclusion of Keywords: In the age of digital research, incorporating keywords in thesis titles has become paramount. As search engines play a crucial role in discovering relevant studies, experts recommend incorporating keywords that align with the subject matter. This helps ensure that the research paper is easily discoverable by those seeking information on a specific topic. For instance, a thesis exploring the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems should include relevant keywords such as “climate change,” “marine ecosystems,” and “environmental impact” to enhance discoverability.

3. Consistency is Key: Guidelines for Formatting Thesis Titles

Formatting thesis titles is an essential aspect of academic writing that should not be overlooked. Consistency in formatting not only adds professionalism but also allows for easy reference and navigation within your thesis. Here are some guidelines to ensure that your thesis titles are formatted consistently throughout your work:

1. Capitalization: Consistency in capitalization is crucial. Choose a specific capitalization style and apply it consistently to all your thesis titles. Generally, it is recommended to capitalize the first letter of each major word in the thesis title, except for articles, prepositions, and conjunctions.

2. Font and Size: Use a clear and easily readable font for all your thesis titles. Popular choices include Times New Roman, Arial, or Calibri. Opt for a font size between 14 and 16, making the titles stand out without being too overwhelming.

3. Italics and Bold: Utilize italics or bold formatting to highlight book or journal titles within your thesis titles. By doing so, you conform to the standard citation formatting and make it easier for your readers to identify these references.

4. Hyphenation and Punctuation: Be consistent in your use of hyphenation and punctuation within thesis titles. Decide whether to use hyphens or colons to separate different sections or to add clarity to your titles, and apply this consistently throughout your work.

5. Special Characters: If your thesis includes symbols, Greek letters, or special characters, ensure that they are uniformly formatted in your titles. Use the appropriate HTML codes or symbols to maintain consistency and readability.

4. A Closer Look at Underlining as a Formatting Option for Thesis Titles

Underlining is a popular formatting option used to emphasize and highlight thesis titles. It provides a visual cue to readers, immediately drawing their attention to the main focus of the research. By underlining a thesis title, you can make it stand out and give it a professional touch.

When using underlining as a formatting option, it is important to keep a few key considerations in mind. Firstly, ensure that the underlining is consistent throughout your thesis. This means that if you choose to underline the main title, all subsection titles should be underlined as well, creating a cohesive and visually appealing document. Additionally, it is crucial to use underlining sparingly, as excessive use can make the document appear cluttered and diminish its impact. Focus on underlining the most important elements such as the main title, while utilizing bold for subsections to maintain hierarchy.

5. An Alternative Approach: Emphasizing a Thesis Title Without Underlining

In the world of academic writing, the traditional approach has always been to underline thesis titles to distinguish them from the rest of the text. However, there is an alternative approach that proposes emphasizing the thesis title without the use of underlining. This method not only provides a fresh and modern look to your work but also enhances readability and professionalism. So, let’s dive into this alternative approach and learn how to make your thesis titles stand out without underlining.

1. **Capitalization**: Instead of underlining, consider using capitalization to highlight your thesis title. By using title case or sentence case, you can give your title the attention it deserves, without the need for any additional formatting.

2. **Font Styling**: Another way to emphasize your thesis title is by changing the font style. You can choose a bold or italicized font for your title, which instantly grabs the reader’s attention. Experiment with different font styles to find the one that best suits the tone of your thesis.

3. **Size Matters**: Playing with font size is an effective way to make your thesis title stand out. Increase the font size slightly or use a size larger than the surrounding text to draw attention to the title. However, be cautious not to overdo it, as excessively large fonts can make the text look unprofessional.

4. **Contrast with Color**: Consider using color to create contrast and make your thesis title pop. Instead of relying on underlines, use a different color for your title to make it visually distinct. Choose a color that complements the overall aesthetics of your work and ensures readability.

In conclusion, underlining has long been the conventional method for emphasizing thesis titles, but it is not the only way. By exploring alternative approaches like capitalization, font styling, size variations, and color contrast, you can give your titles the attention they deserve without the need for underlining. Embrace creativity and modernity while maintaining professionalism in academic writing.

When it comes to formatting your thesis title, there are several factors to consider in order to make the right choice. These factors not only enhance the overall aesthetics of your thesis but also communicate the essence of your research effectively. Here are some key considerations to keep in mind:

1. Length: A concise and clear title is crucial to grab the reader’s attention. Avoid lengthy titles that can be overwhelming and difficult to understand. Aim for a title that accurately reflects the core message of your research, keeping it within a reasonable word limit.

2. Capitalization: Deciding on the capitalization style for your thesis title is essential. While it’s common to capitalize the first and last words, as well as any significant words in the title, it’s important to follow the specific guidelines provided by your institution or field of study to maintain consistency within academic standards.

3. Font and Size: Utilizing an appropriate font and size enhances the readability of your thesis title. Opt for an easily legible font such as Times New Roman or Arial and ensure the size is not too small or too large. Consistency in font and size throughout your thesis will give it a polished and professional look.

Consider these factors carefully as you format your thesis title to ensure that it effectively represents your research and creates a positive first impression.

Formatting thesis titles in essays may seem like a trivial task, but it is essential for creating a professional and cohesive piece of academic writing. Here are some expert recommendations to help you ensure that your thesis titles are properly formatted and contribute to the overall clarity and coherence of your essay.

1. Capitalize the important words: When formatting your thesis title, capitalize the principal words, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. This practice helps to distinguish the significant elements of your title and makes it easier for readers to understand its main focus.

2. Use italics or quotation marks: To further enhance the visibility of your thesis title, consider using italics or quotation marks for emphasis. Italicize longer titles or titles of published works, such as books or journals. Alternatively, use quotation marks for shorter titles, such as articles or essays, within your main thesis title. This formatting technique aids in differentiating your title from the rest of the text and highlights its importance.

3. Keep it concise and informative: Long and convoluted thesis titles can confuse readers and dilute the clarity of your essay. Aim to keep your titles concise and informative, focusing on conveying the essence of your main argument or research topic. Avoid unnecessary words or phrases that do not contribute to the overall understanding of your thesis. Remember, a well-crafted and succinct title can significantly enhance the impact and accessibility of your essay.

4. Align with the essay’s tone and style: It is crucial to ensure that your thesis title aligns with the tone and style of your essay. For instance, if you are writing an academic research paper, maintaining a formal tone in your title is advisable. On the other hand, a creative essay may benefit from a more playful or engaging title. Consistency in tone and style throughout your essay, including the title, is essential for maintaining coherence and professionalism.

Q: Do you underline a thesis title when writing an essay? A: No, you do not underline a thesis title when writing an essay. Instead, you should italicize or use quotation marks to indicate the title of a thesis within your essay.

Q: Why is it important to correctly format the thesis title in an essay? A: Correctly formatting the thesis title in an essay is important because it helps distinguish the main focus of your paper. It also shows that you understand the proper formatting conventions for titles within academic writing.

Q: Can you provide examples of how to format a thesis title in an essay? A: Sure! If the thesis title is in standard sentence case (e.g., “The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity”), you should italicize it. However, if the title is in title case (e.g., “The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity”), you should use quotation marks.

Q: Should the thesis title be placed at the beginning or the end of the essay? A: The thesis title typically appears at the beginning of your essay, within the introduction paragraph. This helps set the tone and focus of your paper right from the start, allowing readers to understand the main argument you will be presenting.

Q: Are there any exceptions to the formatting of thesis titles? A: Yes, there are some exceptions. If you are following a specific style guide, such as APA or MLA, you should consult the guidelines provided by that particular style. Some styles may have specific rules for formatting thesis titles within essays.

Q: What should I do if I cannot italicize or use quotation marks in my essay? A: If you are unable to use italics or quotation marks, you should consult the specific formatting guidelines provided by your professor, instructor, or the institution you are writing for. They may have alternative formatting preferences that you should follow.

Q: Can the thesis title be longer than one line? A: Yes, the thesis title can be longer than one line. If it exceeds one line, you should use a hanging indent for subsequent lines, similar to how you would format a regular paragraph.

Q: Should I include additional information about the thesis title in my essay? A: Generally, it is not necessary to include additional information about the thesis title within the main body of your essay. However, if there are specific details or context that are crucial to understanding the thesis, it is acceptable to provide a brief explanation within the introduction or relevant section of your essay.

Q: Can I change the formatting of the thesis title within my essay? A: It is important to maintain consistency in the formatting of the thesis title throughout your essay. Once you choose to italicize or use quotation marks, stick to that format consistently. Changing the formatting may confuse readers and detract from the overall professionalism of your writing.

Q: Is it acceptable to underline a thesis title instead of using italics or quotation marks? A: No, underlining a thesis title is not the preferred method of formatting. While it may have been commonly used in the past, most style guides now recommend using italics or quotation marks for titles within essays. Underlining could confuse readers who may interpret it as emphasis rather than proper title formatting.

In conclusion, it is not necessary to underline a thesis title when writing an essay. Following expert advice, using italics or quotation marks is preferred.

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thesis title underlined

Formatting Titles

by Purdue Global Academic Success Center and Writing Center · Published October 2, 2020 · Updated November 5, 2020

thesis title underlined

Let’s face it: For whatever reason, formatting titles can be confusing, especially if you think about all the titles that need proper formatting–the title placed on the title page of a paper, the title of a journal article mentioned in the body of a paper, the title of a newspaper or a website on the list of references. There are titles of books and titles of chapters in those books; titles of blogs and titles of blog entries. Some titles are italicized and some are put in quotation marks. Titles on the list of references require formatting–some titles use title case, some sentence case; some titles are italicized and some are not. And then there are those situations where titles are used in in-text citations–some titles are truncated and italicized; some are put in quotation marks–you get the idea. 

First off, I am not going to address how to format titles when citing in the paper or listing on the list of references—those are formatting guidelines for another time. I am going to focus on titles on the title page, the first page of the paper, and within a paper. Here is what you need to keep straight:

Titles require special capitalization called title case. Title case requires one to

  • capitalize the first letter of the first and last words of a title;
  • capitalize the first letter of all verbs;
  • capitalize all words of four or more letters;
  • capitalize the first letter of all other words except a, an, the, short conjunctions such as “for, and, but,” and prepositions of fewer than four letters (words like “up, in, off”);
  • capitalize the first letter of a word following a colon or dash;
  • capitalize the first letter of a subtitle. 

When a title appears on the title page of an APA Style 7th edition student paper, that title should be centered, bolded, and in title case—no need to use all caps, no need to italicize or underline, and no need to use quotation marks or place a period at the end. 

Simply type out the title using title case and bold it–that’s it.

On the first page of the essay, center and repeat the title, bold it, and use title case. Again, do not use any special formatting. Do not use a bigger font size or style. Do not underline or italicize and so forth. Just use title case, bold, and center the title on the first page of the essay.

Easy enough, right?

Titles that appear within an essay require special formatting in addition to title case. If the title is for an article—content that is part of a greater whole—then the title should have quotation marks around it. If the title is for a book, journal, newspaper, or some other whole work, then the title is italicized.

Let’s say you have an article titled “The New Coffee Culture” that appears in the journal Studies in Popular Culture . Let’s also say that for whatever reason, you name both titles in the body of your paper. The article “The New Coffee Culture” appears in the journal Studies in Popular Culture , so the article is content that appears in a greater whole, right? 

Both titles would be in title case. The article “The New Coffee Culture” would have quotation marks around it, and the title of the journal, Studies in Popular Culture , would be italicized. 

I hope this blogcast clarifies exactly what you need to do when formatting titles in typical usage situations in APA style. 

Until next week–

Kurtis Clements

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APA Style 7th Edition: Citing Your Sources

  • Basics of APA Formatting
  • In Text Quick View
  • Block Quotes
  • Books & eBooks
  • Thesis/Dissertation

Standard Format

Formatting rules, various examples.

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Adapted from American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed).  https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

Formatting:

  • Italicize the title
  • Identify whether source is doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis in parentheses after the title

See Ch. 10 pp. 313-352 of APA Manual for more examples and formatting rules

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Knowing When To Underline Or Italicize: Your Go-To Guide

Knowing-When-To-Underline-Or-Italicize-Your-Go-To-Guide

Knowing when to underline or italicize can be confusing. But it doesn’t have to be! In this article, we’ll lay out all the basics, plus a few common difficulties that confuse many writers, so you’ll be an expert in no time.

At the end of the article, you’ll get the chance to practice your hand at some sample sentences, so you’ll be sure that you know the ins and outs of using italics and underlines.

Italics Vs Underline: Clarifying The Confusion

In the past (before computers and MLA handbooks), italics and underlines were used to emphasize certain words or titles within the text. It let the reader know what was important, or what was separate from the rest of the sentence. They were both used interchangeably, as long as they were consistent.

Now, with the ability to change formatting with the click of a button, italics are generally used to indicate titles, and only sometimes for emphasis. Meanwhile, underlining is mostly reserved to replace italics in handwritten papers. Manuals and guidebooks, such as the MLA handbook, are now widely used in large institutions or according to the country’s standards, so that specific writing conventions, grammar rules, and formatting styles have become uniform.

With that said, the general rule is that italics are used for titles of books, movies, TV and radio shows, magazines, works of art, and long poems. As mentioned before, underlining is a substitute for italics when writing titles by hand.

thesis title underlined

Proper formatting in an essay can be confusing for many students: https://www.pexels.com/photo/woman-in-blue-blazer-holding-white-paper-3727468/

Titles of long works.

Titles that should be italicized are longer works. These include titles of books, movies, TV and radio shows, journals and magazines, and long poems. In the next section, we’ll see how these works differ from titles of shorter works which are put in quotations instead.

  • The novel Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte, was published in 1847 under the pen name of Currer Bell.
  • The movie Home Alone , released in 1990, made a worldwide total of $476,684,675 in box office revenue.

Titles Of Smaller Works

The titles of smaller works are put in “quotations” in order to differentiate them from longer works. These smaller works include titles of chapters, short stories, TV or radio show episodes, articles, and short poems.

In the examples below, note how you can recognize the difference between the shorter works and larger works just by seeing how they are emphasized in the sentence. This makes it impossible to confuse the title of a chapter with the book that it belongs to, or the episode from its TV show.

  • The chapter entitled “The Castaway” in Moby Dick describes the near-death experience of a character named Pip.
  • Edgar Allen Poe’s short story, “The Fall of the House of Usher,” was originally published in a Burton’s Gentleman’s Magazine.
  • The pilot episode of Friends , which was released on September 22, 1994, is called “The One Where Monica Gets A Roommate.”

Punctuation In Titles: Common Confusions

Question marks.

Confusion can come up when a title includes a question mark or an exclamation mark in the title itself. For example, the book Who Has Seen the Wind? includes a question mark in it.

The way to deal with these titles is to italicize the question mark as well, just as it is above. By doing so, you can differentiate this title from an actual question, such as writing: Have you read Gone With the Wind ?

The same idea applies to exclamation marks — for example, the movie Mamma Mia! , which includes an exclamation mark in the title. Note the italicization, and the difference between writing Mamma Mia! , the movie, and writing: I can’t believe that you never watched The Parent Trap !

Commas and periods

The confusion of commas and periods when it comes to quotations is a debate between different handbooks and countries. According to the MLA (Modern Language Association) handbook, commas and periods are placed inside of quotation marks.

  • “The Seinfeld Chronicles , ” the first episode of Seinfeld , had 15.4 million viewers in America.
  • Among the short stories of James Joyce included in the collection Dubliners are “Araby , ” “The Sisters , ” and “The Encounter.”

thesis title underlined

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Let’s practice.

Try your hand at your new skills! Below are five sentences without any italics or quotations. Italicize the longer works and put the shorter works in quotations. If you get stuck, check back in the article, and you’ll be an expert in no time. Be sure to pay attention to tricky commas, periods, and question marks.

  • The Lazy Controller, chapter two of Thinking Fast and Slow, talks about multitasking and its effect on thinking.
  • The Yellow Wallpaper, a short story by Catherine Perkins Gilman, was originally published in The New England Magazine in January 1892.
  • John Lennon’s album Imagine included favorites such as Gimme Some Truth, How Do You Sleep?, and, of course, Imagine.
  • The premiere episode of Family Matters is called The Mama Who Came To Dinner, and relays the drama of Carl’s mother coming to live with him.
  • The short story Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway was first published in a magazine called Transition, and was only later published in his book Men Without Women.

Why Is Proper Indentation Important?

College essays  .

No matter what you study in college, most students write a lot of essays during their school years. While some degrees may put more of an emphasis on writing proper essays , most teachers and professors will expect a certain level of basic grammar and formatting knowledge. Before you even step foot into college, you’ll most likely be expected to write an application essay . It’s important to put your best foot forward, and small formatting rules can go a long way in making a good first impression.

Landing your dream job  

In addition to college essays, prospective employers and job positions will require and look for basic (or advanced, depending on the position) writing skills. Whether you think your dream job requires writing skills or not, writing is a part of everyday life and work, from emails and text messages, to presentations and reports. Having good writing skills will help you make a good first impression, land your dream job, and do your best work.

thesis title underlined

Proper writing is an important skill for any job: https://www.pexels.com/photo/writing-notes-idea-class-7103/

Having a successful career.

Though different students earn a degree for different reasons, many are hoping to work toward a successful career. In order to do this, the right preparation is key. Preparation may be earning a degree, gaining specific skills, or having the right guidance along the way.

University of the People prepares our students for successful careers by providing program advising , mentorship , and an emphasis on career development . We know that these extra details, much like formatting in an essay, make a big difference for the future success of our students. University of the People is a tuition-free online university that offers degree programs in business administration, computer science, health science, and education.

Wrapping Up

Now you know when to underline or italicize, and much more. To wrap up, italics should be used for the titles of longer works such as movies, books, and TV shows, and underlining for handwritten papers.

In addition, we hope you’ve learned the more tricky rules such as question marks and commas, and that you’ve given some thought to the importance of writing for your future education and success.

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This handout provides examples and description about writing papers in literature. It discusses research topics, how to begin to research, how to use information, and formatting.

What about MLA format?

All research papers on literature use MLA format, as it is the universal citation method for the field of literary studies. Whenever you use a primary or secondary source, whether you are quoting or paraphrasing, you will make parenthetical citations in the MLA format [Ex. (Smith 67).] Your Works Cited list will be the last page of your essay. Consult the OWL handout on MLA for further instructions.

Note, however, the following minor things about MLA format:

  • Titles of books, plays, or works published singularly (not anthologized) should be italicised unless it is a handwritten document, in which case underlining is acceptable. (Ex. Hamlet , Great Expectations )
  • Titles of poems, short stories, or works published in an anthology will have quotation marks around them. (Ex. "Ode to a Nightingale," "The Cask of Amontillado")
Tip If you're using Microsoft Word, you can easily include your name and page number on each page by following the these steps:
  • Open "View" (on the top menu).
  • Open "Header and Footer." (A box will appear at the top of the page you're on. And a "Header and Footer" menu box will also appear).
  • Click on the "align right" button at the top of the screen. (If you're not sure which button it is, hold the mouse over the buttons and a small window should pop up telling you which button you're on.)
  • Type in your last name and a space.
  • Click on the "#" button which is located on the "Header and Footer" menu box. It will insert the appropriate page number.
  • Click "Close" on the "Header and Footer" window.
That's all you need to do. Word will automatically insert your name and the page number on every page of your document.

What else should I remember?

  • Don't leave a quote or paraphrase by itself-you must introduce it, explain it, and show how it relates to your thesis.
  • Block format all quotations of more than four lines.
  • When you quote brief passages of poetry, line and stanza divisions are shown as a slash (Ex. "Roses are red, / Violets are blue / You love me / And I like you").
  • For more help, see the OWL handout on using quotes .

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  • Thesis & Dissertation Title Page | Free Templates & Examples

Thesis & Dissertation Title Page | Free Templates & Examples

Published on May 19, 2022 by Tegan George . Revised on July 18, 2023.

The title page (or cover page) of your thesis , dissertation , or research paper should contain all the key information about your document. It usually includes:

  • Dissertation or thesis title
  • The type of document (e.g., dissertation, research paper)
  • The department and institution
  • The degree program (e.g., Master of Arts)
  • The date of submission

It sometimes also includes your dissertation topic or field of study, your student number, your supervisor’s name, and your university’s logo.

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Table of contents

Title page format, title page templates, title page example, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions.

Your department will usually tell you exactly what should be included on your title page and how it should be formatted. Be sure to check whether there are specific guidelines for margins, spacing, and font size.

Title pages for APA and MLA style

The format of your title page can also depend on the citation style you’re using. There may be guidelines in regards to alignment, page numbering, and mandatory elements.

  • MLA guidelines for formatting the title page
  • APA guidelines for formatting the title page

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We’ve created a few templates to help you design the title page for your thesis, dissertation, or research paper. You can download them in the format of your choice by clicking on the corresponding button.

Research paper Google Doc

Dissertation Google Doc

Thesis Google Doc

A typical example of a thesis title page looks like this:

Thesis title Page

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The title page of your thesis or dissertation should include your name, department, institution, degree program, and submission date.

Usually, no title page is needed in an MLA paper . A header is generally included at the top of the first page instead. The exceptions are when:

  • Your instructor requires one, or
  • Your paper is a group project

In those cases, you should use a title page instead of a header, listing the same information but on a separate page.

The title page of your thesis or dissertation goes first, before all other content or lists that you may choose to include.

In most styles, the title page is used purely to provide information and doesn’t include any images. Ask your supervisor if you are allowed to include an image on the title page before doing so. If you do decide to include one, make sure to check whether you need permission from the creator of the image.

Include a note directly beneath the image acknowledging where it comes from, beginning with the word “ Note .” (italicized and followed by a period). Include a citation and copyright attribution . Don’t title, number, or label the image as a figure , since it doesn’t appear in your main text.

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If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

George, T. (2023, July 18). Thesis & Dissertation Title Page | Free Templates & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved March 20, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/title-page/

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Home / Guides / Citation Guides / APA Format / How to Cite a Thesis or Dissertation in APA

How to Cite a Thesis or Dissertation in APA

In this citation guide, you will learn how to reference and cite an undergraduate thesis, master’s thesis, or doctoral dissertation. This guide will also review the differences between a thesis or dissertation that is published and one that has remained unpublished. The guidelines below come from the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2020a), pages 333 and 334. Please note that the association is not affiliated with this guide.

Alternatively, you can visit EasyBib.com for helpful citation tools to cite your thesis or dissertation .

Guide Overview

Citing an unpublished thesis or dissertation, citing a published dissertation or thesis from a database, citing a thesis or dissertation published online but not from a database, citing a thesis or dissertation: reference overview, what you need.

Since unpublished theses can usually only be sourced in print form from a university library, the correct citation structure includes the university name where the publisher element usually goes.

Author’s last name, F. M. (Year published). Title in sentence case [Unpublished degree type thesis or dissertation]. Name of institution.

Ames, J. H., & Doughty, L. H. (1911). The proposed plans for the Iowa State College athletic field including the design of a reinforced concrete grandstand and wall [Unpublished bachelor’s thesis]. Iowa State University.

In-text citation example:

  • Parenthetical :  (Ames & Doughty, 1911)
  • Narrative :  Ames & Doughty (1911)

If a thesis or dissertation has been published and is found on a database, then follow the structure below. It’s similar to the format for an unpublished dissertation/thesis, but with a few differences:

  • The institution is presented in brackets after the title
  • The archive or database name is included

Author’s last name, F. M. (Year published). Title in sentence case (Publication or Document No.) [Degree type thesis or dissertation, Name of institution]. Database name.

Examples 1:

Knight, K. A. (2011). Media epidemics: Viral structures in literature and new media (Accession No. 2013420395) [Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.

Example dissertation-thesis

Trotman, J.B. (2018). New insights into the biochemistry and cell biology of RNA recapping (Document No. osu1523896565730483) [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses & Dissertations Center.

In the example given above, the dissertation is presented with a Document Number (Document No.). Sometimes called a database number or publication number, this is the identifier that is used by the database’s indexing system. If the database you are using provides you with such a number, then include it directly after the work’s title in parentheses.

If you are interested in learning more about how to handle works that were accessed via academic research databases, see Section 9.3 of the Publication Manual.

In-text citation examples :

  • Parenthetical citation : (Trotman, 2018)
  • Narrative citation : Trotman (2018)

Author’s last name, F. M. (Year Published). Title in sentence case [Degree type thesis or dissertation, Name of institution]. Name of archive or collection. URL

Kim, O. (2019). Soviet tableau: cinema and history under late socialism [Doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh]. Institutional Repository at the University of Pittsburgh. https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/37669/7/Olga%20Kim%20Final%20ETD.pdf

Stiles, T. W. (2001). Doing science: Teachers’ authentic experiences at the Lone Star Dinosaur Field Institute [Master’s thesis, Texas A&M University]. OAKTrust. https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S745

It is important to note that not every thesis or dissertation published online will be associated with a specific archive or collection. If the work is published on a private website, provide only the URL as the source element.

In-text citation examples:

  • Parenthetical citation : (Kim, 2019)
  • Narrative citation : Kim (2019)
  • Parenthetical citation : (Stiles, 2001)
  • Narrative citation : Stiles (2001)

dissertation and thesis Citations for APA 7

We hope that the information provided here will serve as an effective guide for your research. If you’re looking for even more citation info, visit EasyBib.com for a comprehensive collection of educational materials covering multiple source types.

If you’re citing a variety of different sources, consider taking the EasyBib citation generator for a spin. It can help you cite easily and offers citation forms for several different kinds of sources.

To start things off, let’s take a look at the different types of literature that are classified under Chapter 10.6 of the Publication Manual :

  • Undergraduate thesis
  • Master’s thesis
  • Doctoral dissertation

You will need to know which type you are citing. You’ll also need to know if it is published or unpublished .

When you decide to cite a dissertation or thesis, you’ll need to look for the following information to use in your citation:

  • Author’s last name, and first and middle initials
  • Year published
  • Title of thesis or dissertation
  • If it is unpublished
  • Publication or document number (if applicable; for published work)
  • Degree type (bachelor’s, master’s, doctoral)
  • Thesis or dissertation
  • Name of institution awarding degree
  • DOI (https://doi.org/xxxxx) or URL (if applicable)

Since theses and dissertations are directly linked to educational degrees, it is necessary to list the name of the associated institution; i.e., the college, university, or school that is awarding the associated degree.

To get an idea of the proper form, take a look at the examples below. There are three outlined scenarios:

  • Unpublished thesis or dissertation
  • Published thesis or dissertation from a database
  • Thesis or dissertation published online but not from a database

American Psychological Association. (2020a). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

American Psychological Association. (2020b). Style-Grammar-Guidelines. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles/parenthetical-versus-narrative

Published August 10, 2012. Updated March 24, 2020.

Written and edited by Michele Kirschenbaum and Elise Barbeau. Michele Kirschenbaum is a school library media specialist and the in-house librarian at EasyBib.com. Elise Barbeau is the Citation Specialist at Chegg. She has worked in digital marketing, libraries, and publishing.

APA Formatting Guide

APA Formatting

  • Annotated Bibliography
  • Block Quotes
  • et al Usage
  • In-text Citations
  • Multiple Authors
  • Paraphrasing
  • Page Numbers
  • Parenthetical Citations
  • Reference Page
  • Sample Paper
  • APA 7 Updates
  • View APA Guide

Citation Examples

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  • Website (no author)
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To cite a published thesis in APA style, it is important that you know some basic information such as the author, publication year, title of the thesis, institute name, archive name, and URL (uniform resource locator). The templates for an in-text citation and reference list entry of a thesis, along with examples, are given below:

In-text citation template and example:

Use the author surname and the publication year in the in-text citation.

Author Surname (Publication Year)

Cartmel (2007)

Parenthetical:

(Author Surname, Publication Year)

(Cartmel, 2007)

Reference list entry template and example:

The title of the thesis is set in sentence case and italicized. Enclose the thesis and the institute awarding the degree inside brackets following the publication year. Then add the name of the database followed by the URL.

Author Surname, F. M. (Publication Year). Title of the thesis [Master’s thesis, Institute Name]. Name of the Database. URL

Cartmel, J. (2007). Outside school hours care and schools [Master’s thesis, Queensland University of Technology]. EPrints. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/17810/1/Jennifer_Cartmel_Thesis.pdf

To cite an unpublished dissertation in APA style, it is important that you know some basic information such as the author, year, title of the dissertation, and institute name. The templates for in-text citation and reference list entry of an online thesis, along with examples, are given below:

Author Surname (Year)

Averill (2009)

(Author Surname, Year)

(Averill, 2009)

The title of the dissertation is set in sentence case and italicized. Enclose “Unpublished doctoral dissertation” inside brackets following the year. Then add the name of the institution awarding the degree.

Author Surname, F. M. (Publication Year). Title of the dissertation [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Name of the Institute.

Averill, R. (2009). Teacher–student relationships in diverse New Zealand year 10 mathematics classrooms: Teacher care [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Victoria University of Wellington.

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Moscow City Day Means Happy Revelers in Russia

A dance troupe dressed as robots performs at Moscow City Day. Andy Castillo photos

Celebrating the 872nd Birthday of their Capital City, Moscow

By Andy Christian Castillo

Robots danced in the street ahead of me.

Onlookers watch a tightrope walker in Moscow.

Their football-like helmets topped broad white shoulder pads, distinguishing the dance troupe from Moscow’s cityscape behind them.

They performed in front of a semi-circle audience that had materialized a few minutes before from a crowd of thousands meandering down Tverskaya Street in the heart of the city.

Their blue jumpsuits swiveled and dipped in time to the electronic music blaring from speakers overhead.

Celebrating the City’s Birthday

Known as Moscow City Day , the annual late-summer festival celebrates Moscow’s birthday on the second weekend of September each year.

It features free events across the city of nearly 12 million people – open-air music, theater performances, kids events, food, classes, circus acts and sporting exhibitions such as BMX jumps.

The theme for this year’s City Day, which this year recognized Moscow’s 872nd birthday, honored the VDNH, an exhibition center created in Moscow under Soviet rule in the 1930s. The center turns 80 this year.

Up and Down Tverskaya Street

Up and down Tverskaya Street , which was closed to cars and guarded by soldiers standing at checkpoints, four distinct areas recognized different aspects of the VDNH center, which is situated elsewhere in Moscow.

The first area focused on the park’s early years (it was created by the state to host annual trade shows, inspired by the world’s fair as it was in the early 1900s).

A fountain at the VDHN center in Moscow, which was highlighted in this year's Moscow City Day.

The second area of Tverskaya Street focused on a number of pavilions in the VDNH museum that were built to represent former Soviet republics and Russia’s largest space museum, the Cosmos Pavilion.

The third area VDNH’s role as a meeting place in Moscow and the fourth area featured sporting events.

Remnants of the Soviet Union

For an American traveler like myself who hails from a rural town in the western part of Massachusetts , wandering through Moscow’s City Day festival was an experience, unlike anything I’d ever encountered before.

Russian culture, dripping with remnants of the Soviet Union, is different than that of America.

Dance troupes, garbed in absurd costumes – sharks, penguins, the robots – broke out in flash-mob style dances. Musicians crooned and rocked from temporary stages, singing state-sanctioned Russian anthems.

Further down the street, children climbed a rock wall as stilted performers dressed as birds stepped awkwardly about. A brass band blared in front of a large screen playing a video loop of idyllic scenes of Moscow.

Above, two tightrope walkers, backlit against a bright blue sky, tiptoed over the street five stories up. Onlookers around me craned their heads and shielded their eyes, trying to get a better look.

One slipped and fell, swinging down into a harness. The crowd gasped.

Moscow City Day: Temporary courses were available for scooters, of which there were many throughout the city.

The Moscow City Day is organized annually by Moscow Seasons , which hosts various festivals and events in the city throughout the year including a holiday-themed festival around Christmastime.

In comparison to other European cities like St. Petersburg to the north, Moscow doesn’t have the same architectural beauty or thriving tourism base, according to my guide.

Yes, there are incredible buildings in Moscow – some are breathtaking, even – such as St. Basil’s Cathedral, the Kremlin and the Seven Sisters skyscrapers, which were designed in the Stalinist style during Soviet rule.

At the same time, it’s a utilitarian city situated along Moskva River that covers an area of more than 400 square miles. It’s a massive city that can be described as imposing rather than charming.

Because of that, my guide noted that it’s often overlooked by tourists looking for a new travel destination. The festivals are a way to bring people into the city.

I found this to be the case. Moscow City Day’s performances, while strictly choreographed, provided a glimpse into Moscow’s current art scene and into Russian history at large.

Elsewhere, at the VDNH center itself (which was converted into a museum after the Soviet Union fell in 1991), the nation’s history is prominently on display. Symbolism remnant from the Soviet era is plainly evident throughout the center’s 800 acres.

The VDNH center

Leading into the park, a hammer and sickle emblem can be seen at the top of a massive pavilion. Five-pointed stars are at the top of posts leading up to a massive white building, which is framed by red flowers.

CityDay090719 1 of 1 6 Fotor

A fountain nearby features gold-plated statues of women, one for each of the regions of the former Soviet empire.

Ornate buildings, one for each of the same – Kyrgyzstan , Belarus, Uzbekistan, Karelia, Ukraine, North Caucasus, Turkmenistan and Armenia (Georgia’s building was destroyed) – are situated around a sprawling square.

At the other end, Russia’s national cosmonautics museum was situated in an industrial-looking building behind a preserved rocket.

Inside, I learned about the space race from Russia’s perspective – successfully putting the first person in space, then failing to get an astronaut to the moon.

Along with its history, Moscow’s art scene (both past and present) was also on display at the festival.

While many of the dance troupes felt unauthentic and contemporary, other performances were influenced by something deeper – Russian tradition.

I experienced this full-force on the last day of my stay in Moscow at Tchaikovsky Concert Hall, where I attended a concert directed by Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov.

Children stand up paddle in a shallow pool set up for Moscow City Day.

Typically, I’m not one who seeks out opera or classical music. But for two hours I listened in rapture to a baritone, identified by his penguin coattails and rich voice, as he sang to a crowd of hundreds.

Behind him, a choir dressed in colorful traditional Russian clothing sang above a 24-piece band, playing mostly string instruments and directed by Rimsky-Korsakov.

At the end of one song, the baritone ended with such enthusiasm that he almost fell over – catching himself at the last minute.

“Bravo!” came calls from the audience. “Bravo!”

Women, clutching large bouquets of long stem red roses, practically threw them at his feet.

He accepted their gifts with grace and a wide smile, obviously enjoying himself in the moment.

I left Russia on that note – remembering the baritone and his passion for life.

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COMMENTS

  1. MLA Titles

    Punctuation in MLA titles. Use the same punctuation as appears in the source title. However, if there is a subtitle, separate it from the main title with a colon and a space, even if different (or no) punctuation is used in the source. Example of a work with a subtitle. Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance.

  2. Italics or Quote Marks? (Formatting Titles)

    Shorter Works (Quote Marks) With shorter works that are part of a larger whole, titles should be given in quotation marks. An episode of Game of Thrones, for instance, would be written as follows: Here, the formatting lets us instantly distinguish between an episode title and the show title. Quotation marks are also used when referring to ...

  3. Do You Underline a College Thesis Title?

    Writing a thesis is an exciting and important step toward completing a bachelor's or, more often, a master's degree. Not only does a thesis allow you to demonstrate the knowledge you have already attained, but it also provides the opportunity to explore your creativity and add to your classroom learning. Many ...

  4. Do You Underline a Thesis Title When Writing an Essay? Expert Advice

    5. An Alternative Approach: Emphasizing a Thesis Title Without Underlining. In the world of academic writing, the traditional approach has always been to underline thesis titles to distinguish them from the rest of the text. However, there is an alternative approach that proposes emphasizing the thesis title without the use of underlining.

  5. publications

    3. While quoting verbatim from a source, you should always use quotation marks. Italics are generally used for the following purposes: titles of books, periodicals, blogs. genera, species, and varietes. introduction of a new technical term. letters used as statistical symbols or algebraic variables.

  6. PDF APA Style Dissertation Guidelines: Formatting Your Dissertation

    Indented, Italicized,Title Case Capitalization, Ends with a Period. Texts begins on the same line and continues as a regular paragraph. Note: "Title Case Capitalization" refers to capitalizing a heading as you would a book title; most words will be ... Writing Your Thesis, Prospectus, or Dissertation ...

  7. Formatting Titles

    Simply type out the title using title case and bold it-that's it. On the first page of the essay, center and repeat the title, bold it, and use title case. Again, do not use any special formatting. Do not use a bigger font size or style. Do not underline or italicize and so forth. Just use title case, bold, and center the title on the first ...

  8. How to Capitalize and Format Reference Titles in APA Style

    The formatting of the titles of sources you use in your paper depends on two factors: (a) the independence of the source (stands alone vs. part of a greater whole) and (b) the location of the title (in the text of the paper vs. in the reference list entry). The table below provides formatting directions and examples: Independence of source. Text.

  9. Thesis/Dissertation

    Thesis, from a commercial database. Lope, M. D. (2014). Perceptions of global mindedness in the international baccalaureate middle years programme: The relationship to student academic performance and teacher characteristics (Order No. 3682837) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland].ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

  10. How to Write a Thesis Statement

    Placement of the thesis statement. Step 1: Start with a question. Step 2: Write your initial answer. Step 3: Develop your answer. Step 4: Refine your thesis statement. Types of thesis statements. Other interesting articles. Frequently asked questions about thesis statements.

  11. Properly Format Your Titles: Underlines, Italics, and Quotes

    Never do both. Do NOT use quotation marks, underline, or italics together. 2) For any work that stands on its own, you should use italics or underline. (Stories or chapters from within a book are considered PARTS of the book.) 3) A work that is part of a larger work goes in quotation marks. 4) No quotation marks around titles of your own ...

  12. Knowing When To Underline Or Italicize: Your Go-To Guide

    Wrapping Up. Now you know when to underline or italicize, and much more. To wrap up, italics should be used for the titles of longer works such as movies, books, and TV shows, and underlining for handwritten papers. In addition, we hope you've learned the more tricky rules such as question marks and commas, and that you've given some ...

  13. Formatting

    Titles of books, plays, or works published singularly (not anthologized) should be italicised unless it is a handwritten document, in which case underlining is acceptable. (Ex. Hamlet, Great Expectations) Titles of poems, short stories, or works published in an anthology will have quotation marks around them. (Ex.

  14. When to Underline a Title

    This article details when to underline a title. When writing a thesis, it is customary to conform to either a specific style guide, such as APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, or some of the popular styles, depending on the field of study and university guidelines. In that case, every aspect of the manuscript presentation is stipulated by your chosen ...

  15. Thesis & Dissertation Title Page

    The title page (or cover page) of your thesis, dissertation, or research paper should contain all the key information about your document. It usually includes: Dissertation or thesis title. Your name. The type of document (e.g., dissertation, research paper) The department and institution. The degree program (e.g., Master of Arts)

  16. Quotation Marks or Italics In Titles?

    The source's title is usually italicized in a bibliography or reference list entries. But it can also depend on the source type. If you're citing a journal article, every citation style italicizes the journal title instead of the article. Examples: Asher, J. (2017). Thirteen reasons why. Penguin Books. (2011). When Harry met Sally. Santa ...

  17. How to Cite a Thesis or Dissertation in APA

    The title of the thesis is set in sentence case and italicized. Enclose the thesis and the institute awarding the degree inside brackets following the publication year. Then add the name of the database followed by the URL. Author Surname, F. M. (Publication Year). Title of the thesis [Master's thesis, Institute Name]. Name of the Database.

  18. Use of italics

    Titles of book series. the Harry Potter series. The punctuation mark after an italicized word or phrase or between elements of a reference list entry (e.g., the comma after a periodical title or issue number, the period after a book title) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 128(6), 510-516.

  19. Moscow on the Rise: From Primate City to Megaregion

    A broad range of data supports the thesis that the capital has become a primate city, one that serves no longer as the command center of a closed system but as the primary node of interconnection ...

  20. Moscow City Day Means Happy Revelers In Russia

    Moscow City Day. Celebrating the 872nd birthday of the city of Moscow Russia with songs, dancers, scooters, festivities and mirth all over the city.

  21. Putin's dissertation and the revenge of RuNet

    Excluding paraphrasing and text taken from his own master's thesis, 31.07% of Astakhov's dissertation was found to be copied verbatim. ... the title, and a preface accounted for about half of the ...

  22. Đề số 14

    Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. A. appeared B. agreed C. increased D. borrowed. A. rather B. them C. neither D. think Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs ...