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  • How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates

How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates

Published on October 12, 2022 by Shona McCombes and Tegan George. Revised on November 21, 2023.

Structure of a research proposal

A research proposal describes what you will investigate, why it’s important, and how you will conduct your research.

The format of a research proposal varies between fields, but most proposals will contain at least these elements:

Introduction

Literature review.

  • Research design

Reference list

While the sections may vary, the overall objective is always the same. A research proposal serves as a blueprint and guide for your research plan, helping you get organized and feel confident in the path forward you choose to take.

Table of contents

Research proposal purpose, research proposal examples, research design and methods, contribution to knowledge, research schedule, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about research proposals.

Academics often have to write research proposals to get funding for their projects. As a student, you might have to write a research proposal as part of a grad school application , or prior to starting your thesis or dissertation .

In addition to helping you figure out what your research can look like, a proposal can also serve to demonstrate why your project is worth pursuing to a funder, educational institution, or supervisor.

Research proposal length

The length of a research proposal can vary quite a bit. A bachelor’s or master’s thesis proposal can be just a few pages, while proposals for PhD dissertations or research funding are usually much longer and more detailed. Your supervisor can help you determine the best length for your work.

One trick to get started is to think of your proposal’s structure as a shorter version of your thesis or dissertation , only without the results , conclusion and discussion sections.

Download our research proposal template

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Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We’ve included a few for you below.

  • Example research proposal #1: “A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management”
  • Example research proposal #2: “Medical Students as Mediators of Change in Tobacco Use”

Like your dissertation or thesis, the proposal will usually have a title page that includes:

  • The proposed title of your project
  • Your supervisor’s name
  • Your institution and department

The first part of your proposal is the initial pitch for your project. Make sure it succinctly explains what you want to do and why.

Your introduction should:

  • Introduce your topic
  • Give necessary background and context
  • Outline your  problem statement  and research questions

To guide your introduction , include information about:

  • Who could have an interest in the topic (e.g., scientists, policymakers)
  • How much is already known about the topic
  • What is missing from this current knowledge
  • What new insights your research will contribute
  • Why you believe this research is worth doing

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research proposal kaise banate hain

As you get started, it’s important to demonstrate that you’re familiar with the most important research on your topic. A strong literature review  shows your reader that your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge or theory. It also shows that you’re not simply repeating what other people have already done or said, but rather using existing research as a jumping-off point for your own.

In this section, share exactly how your project will contribute to ongoing conversations in the field by:

  • Comparing and contrasting the main theories, methods, and debates
  • Examining the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
  • Explaining how will you build on, challenge, or synthesize prior scholarship

Following the literature review, restate your main  objectives . This brings the focus back to your own project. Next, your research design or methodology section will describe your overall approach, and the practical steps you will take to answer your research questions.

To finish your proposal on a strong note, explore the potential implications of your research for your field. Emphasize again what you aim to contribute and why it matters.

For example, your results might have implications for:

  • Improving best practices
  • Informing policymaking decisions
  • Strengthening a theory or model
  • Challenging popular or scientific beliefs
  • Creating a basis for future research

Last but not least, your research proposal must include correct citations for every source you have used, compiled in a reference list . To create citations quickly and easily, you can use our free APA citation generator .

Some institutions or funders require a detailed timeline of the project, asking you to forecast what you will do at each stage and how long it may take. While not always required, be sure to check the requirements of your project.

Here’s an example schedule to help you get started. You can also download a template at the button below.

Download our research schedule template

If you are applying for research funding, chances are you will have to include a detailed budget. This shows your estimates of how much each part of your project will cost.

Make sure to check what type of costs the funding body will agree to cover. For each item, include:

  • Cost : exactly how much money do you need?
  • Justification : why is this cost necessary to complete the research?
  • Source : how did you calculate the amount?

To determine your budget, think about:

  • Travel costs : do you need to go somewhere to collect your data? How will you get there, and how much time will you need? What will you do there (e.g., interviews, archival research)?
  • Materials : do you need access to any tools or technologies?
  • Help : do you need to hire any research assistants for the project? What will they do, and how much will you pay them?

If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

Methodology

  • Sampling methods
  • Simple random sampling
  • Stratified sampling
  • Cluster sampling
  • Likert scales
  • Reproducibility

 Statistics

  • Null hypothesis
  • Statistical power
  • Probability distribution
  • Effect size
  • Poisson distribution

Research bias

  • Optimism bias
  • Cognitive bias
  • Implicit bias
  • Hawthorne effect
  • Anchoring bias
  • Explicit bias

Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement .

Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.

I will compare …

A research aim is a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear in your introduction at the end of your problem statement , before your research objectives.

Research objectives are more specific than your research aim. They indicate the specific ways you’ll address the overarching aim.

A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.

A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.

A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.

All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.

Critical thinking refers to the ability to evaluate information and to be aware of biases or assumptions, including your own.

Like information literacy , it involves evaluating arguments, identifying and solving problems in an objective and systematic way, and clearly communicating your ideas.

The best way to remember the difference between a research plan and a research proposal is that they have fundamentally different audiences. A research plan helps you, the researcher, organize your thoughts. On the other hand, a dissertation proposal or research proposal aims to convince others (e.g., a supervisor, a funding body, or a dissertation committee) that your research topic is relevant and worthy of being conducted.

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  • Indian J Anaesth
  • v.60(9); 2016 Sep

How to write a research proposal?

Department of Anaesthesiology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Devika Rani Duggappa

Writing the proposal of a research work in the present era is a challenging task due to the constantly evolving trends in the qualitative research design and the need to incorporate medical advances into the methodology. The proposal is a detailed plan or ‘blueprint’ for the intended study, and once it is completed, the research project should flow smoothly. Even today, many of the proposals at post-graduate evaluation committees and application proposals for funding are substandard. A search was conducted with keywords such as research proposal, writing proposal and qualitative using search engines, namely, PubMed and Google Scholar, and an attempt has been made to provide broad guidelines for writing a scientifically appropriate research proposal.

INTRODUCTION

A clean, well-thought-out proposal forms the backbone for the research itself and hence becomes the most important step in the process of conduct of research.[ 1 ] The objective of preparing a research proposal would be to obtain approvals from various committees including ethics committee [details under ‘Research methodology II’ section [ Table 1 ] in this issue of IJA) and to request for grants. However, there are very few universally accepted guidelines for preparation of a good quality research proposal. A search was performed with keywords such as research proposal, funding, qualitative and writing proposals using search engines, namely, PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus.

Five ‘C’s while writing a literature review

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Object name is IJA-60-631-g001.jpg

BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF A RESEARCH PROPOSAL

A proposal needs to show how your work fits into what is already known about the topic and what new paradigm will it add to the literature, while specifying the question that the research will answer, establishing its significance, and the implications of the answer.[ 2 ] The proposal must be capable of convincing the evaluation committee about the credibility, achievability, practicality and reproducibility (repeatability) of the research design.[ 3 ] Four categories of audience with different expectations may be present in the evaluation committees, namely academic colleagues, policy-makers, practitioners and lay audiences who evaluate the research proposal. Tips for preparation of a good research proposal include; ‘be practical, be persuasive, make broader links, aim for crystal clarity and plan before you write’. A researcher must be balanced, with a realistic understanding of what can be achieved. Being persuasive implies that researcher must be able to convince other researchers, research funding agencies, educational institutions and supervisors that the research is worth getting approval. The aim of the researcher should be clearly stated in simple language that describes the research in a way that non-specialists can comprehend, without use of jargons. The proposal must not only demonstrate that it is based on an intelligent understanding of the existing literature but also show that the writer has thought about the time needed to conduct each stage of the research.[ 4 , 5 ]

CONTENTS OF A RESEARCH PROPOSAL

The contents or formats of a research proposal vary depending on the requirements of evaluation committee and are generally provided by the evaluation committee or the institution.

In general, a cover page should contain the (i) title of the proposal, (ii) name and affiliation of the researcher (principal investigator) and co-investigators, (iii) institutional affiliation (degree of the investigator and the name of institution where the study will be performed), details of contact such as phone numbers, E-mail id's and lines for signatures of investigators.

The main contents of the proposal may be presented under the following headings: (i) introduction, (ii) review of literature, (iii) aims and objectives, (iv) research design and methods, (v) ethical considerations, (vi) budget, (vii) appendices and (viii) citations.[ 4 ]

Introduction

It is also sometimes termed as ‘need for study’ or ‘abstract’. Introduction is an initial pitch of an idea; it sets the scene and puts the research in context.[ 6 ] The introduction should be designed to create interest in the reader about the topic and proposal. It should convey to the reader, what you want to do, what necessitates the study and your passion for the topic.[ 7 ] Some questions that can be used to assess the significance of the study are: (i) Who has an interest in the domain of inquiry? (ii) What do we already know about the topic? (iii) What has not been answered adequately in previous research and practice? (iv) How will this research add to knowledge, practice and policy in this area? Some of the evaluation committees, expect the last two questions, elaborated under a separate heading of ‘background and significance’.[ 8 ] Introduction should also contain the hypothesis behind the research design. If hypothesis cannot be constructed, the line of inquiry to be used in the research must be indicated.

Review of literature

It refers to all sources of scientific evidence pertaining to the topic in interest. In the present era of digitalisation and easy accessibility, there is an enormous amount of relevant data available, making it a challenge for the researcher to include all of it in his/her review.[ 9 ] It is crucial to structure this section intelligently so that the reader can grasp the argument related to your study in relation to that of other researchers, while still demonstrating to your readers that your work is original and innovative. It is preferable to summarise each article in a paragraph, highlighting the details pertinent to the topic of interest. The progression of review can move from the more general to the more focused studies, or a historical progression can be used to develop the story, without making it exhaustive.[ 1 ] Literature should include supporting data, disagreements and controversies. Five ‘C's may be kept in mind while writing a literature review[ 10 ] [ Table 1 ].

Aims and objectives

The research purpose (or goal or aim) gives a broad indication of what the researcher wishes to achieve in the research. The hypothesis to be tested can be the aim of the study. The objectives related to parameters or tools used to achieve the aim are generally categorised as primary and secondary objectives.

Research design and method

The objective here is to convince the reader that the overall research design and methods of analysis will correctly address the research problem and to impress upon the reader that the methodology/sources chosen are appropriate for the specific topic. It should be unmistakably tied to the specific aims of your study.

In this section, the methods and sources used to conduct the research must be discussed, including specific references to sites, databases, key texts or authors that will be indispensable to the project. There should be specific mention about the methodological approaches to be undertaken to gather information, about the techniques to be used to analyse it and about the tests of external validity to which researcher is committed.[ 10 , 11 ]

The components of this section include the following:[ 4 ]

Population and sample

Population refers to all the elements (individuals, objects or substances) that meet certain criteria for inclusion in a given universe,[ 12 ] and sample refers to subset of population which meets the inclusion criteria for enrolment into the study. The inclusion and exclusion criteria should be clearly defined. The details pertaining to sample size are discussed in the article “Sample size calculation: Basic priniciples” published in this issue of IJA.

Data collection

The researcher is expected to give a detailed account of the methodology adopted for collection of data, which include the time frame required for the research. The methodology should be tested for its validity and ensure that, in pursuit of achieving the results, the participant's life is not jeopardised. The author should anticipate and acknowledge any potential barrier and pitfall in carrying out the research design and explain plans to address them, thereby avoiding lacunae due to incomplete data collection. If the researcher is planning to acquire data through interviews or questionnaires, copy of the questions used for the same should be attached as an annexure with the proposal.

Rigor (soundness of the research)

This addresses the strength of the research with respect to its neutrality, consistency and applicability. Rigor must be reflected throughout the proposal.

It refers to the robustness of a research method against bias. The author should convey the measures taken to avoid bias, viz. blinding and randomisation, in an elaborate way, thus ensuring that the result obtained from the adopted method is purely as chance and not influenced by other confounding variables.

Consistency

Consistency considers whether the findings will be consistent if the inquiry was replicated with the same participants and in a similar context. This can be achieved by adopting standard and universally accepted methods and scales.

Applicability

Applicability refers to the degree to which the findings can be applied to different contexts and groups.[ 13 ]

Data analysis

This section deals with the reduction and reconstruction of data and its analysis including sample size calculation. The researcher is expected to explain the steps adopted for coding and sorting the data obtained. Various tests to be used to analyse the data for its robustness, significance should be clearly stated. Author should also mention the names of statistician and suitable software which will be used in due course of data analysis and their contribution to data analysis and sample calculation.[ 9 ]

Ethical considerations

Medical research introduces special moral and ethical problems that are not usually encountered by other researchers during data collection, and hence, the researcher should take special care in ensuring that ethical standards are met. Ethical considerations refer to the protection of the participants' rights (right to self-determination, right to privacy, right to autonomy and confidentiality, right to fair treatment and right to protection from discomfort and harm), obtaining informed consent and the institutional review process (ethical approval). The researcher needs to provide adequate information on each of these aspects.

Informed consent needs to be obtained from the participants (details discussed in further chapters), as well as the research site and the relevant authorities.

When the researcher prepares a research budget, he/she should predict and cost all aspects of the research and then add an additional allowance for unpredictable disasters, delays and rising costs. All items in the budget should be justified.

Appendices are documents that support the proposal and application. The appendices will be specific for each proposal but documents that are usually required include informed consent form, supporting documents, questionnaires, measurement tools and patient information of the study in layman's language.

As with any scholarly research paper, you must cite the sources you used in composing your proposal. Although the words ‘references and bibliography’ are different, they are used interchangeably. It refers to all references cited in the research proposal.

Successful, qualitative research proposals should communicate the researcher's knowledge of the field and method and convey the emergent nature of the qualitative design. The proposal should follow a discernible logic from the introduction to presentation of the appendices.

Financial support and sponsorship

Conflicts of interest.

There are no conflicts of interest.

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How to Write a Research Proposal: A Step-by-Step

By Danesh Ramuthi , Nov 29, 2023

How to Write a Research Proposal

A research proposal is a structured outline for a planned study on a specific topic. It serves as a roadmap, guiding researchers through the process of converting their research idea into a feasible project. 

The aim of a research proposal is multifold: it articulates the research problem, establishes a theoretical framework, outlines the research methodology and highlights the potential significance of the study. Importantly, it’s a critical tool for scholars seeking grant funding or approval for their research projects.

Crafting a good research proposal requires not only understanding your research topic and methodological approaches but also the ability to present your ideas clearly and persuasively. Explore Venngage’s Proposal Maker and Research Proposals Templates to begin your journey in writing a compelling research proposal.

What to include in a research proposal?

In a research proposal, include a clear statement of your research question or problem, along with an explanation of its significance. This should be followed by a literature review that situates your proposed study within the context of existing research. 

Your proposal should also outline the research methodology, detailing how you plan to conduct your study, including data collection and analysis methods.

Additionally, include a theoretical framework that guides your research approach, a timeline or research schedule, and a budget if applicable. It’s important to also address the anticipated outcomes and potential implications of your study. A well-structured research proposal will clearly communicate your research objectives, methods and significance to the readers.

Light Blue Shape Semiotic Analysis Research Proposal

How to format a research proposal?

Formatting a research proposal involves adhering to a structured outline to ensure clarity and coherence. While specific requirements may vary, a standard research proposal typically includes the following elements:

  • Title Page: Must include the title of your research proposal, your name and affiliations. The title should be concise and descriptive of your proposed research.
  • Abstract: A brief summary of your proposal, usually not exceeding 250 words. It should highlight the research question, methodology and the potential impact of the study.
  • Introduction: Introduces your research question or problem, explains its significance, and states the objectives of your study.
  • Literature review: Here, you contextualize your research within existing scholarship, demonstrating your knowledge of the field and how your research will contribute to it.
  • Methodology: Outline your research methods, including how you will collect and analyze data. This section should be detailed enough to show the feasibility and thoughtfulness of your approach.
  • Timeline: Provide an estimated schedule for your research, breaking down the process into stages with a realistic timeline for each.
  • Budget (if applicable): If your research requires funding, include a detailed budget outlining expected cost.
  • References/Bibliography: List all sources referenced in your proposal in a consistent citation style.

Green And Orange Modern Research Proposal

How to write a research proposal in 11 steps?

Writing a research proposal in structured steps ensures a comprehensive and coherent presentation of your research project. Let’s look at the explanation for each of the steps here:  

Step 1: Title and Abstract Step 2: Introduction Step 3: Research objectives Step 4: Literature review Step 5: Methodology Step 6: Timeline Step 7: Resources Step 8: Ethical considerations Step 9: Expected outcomes and significance Step 10: References Step 11: Appendices

Step 1: title and abstract.

Select a concise, descriptive title and write an abstract summarizing your research question, objectives, methodology and expected outcomes​​. The abstract should include your research question, the objectives you aim to achieve, the methodology you plan to employ and the anticipated outcomes. 

Step 2: Introduction

In this section, introduce the topic of your research, emphasizing its significance and relevance to the field. Articulate the research problem or question in clear terms and provide background context, which should include an overview of previous research in the field.

Step 3: Research objectives

Here, you’ll need to outline specific, clear and achievable objectives that align with your research problem. These objectives should be well-defined, focused and measurable, serving as the guiding pillars for your study. They help in establishing what you intend to accomplish through your research and provide a clear direction for your investigation.

Step 4: Literature review

In this part, conduct a thorough review of existing literature related to your research topic. This involves a detailed summary of key findings and major contributions from previous research. Identify existing gaps in the literature and articulate how your research aims to fill these gaps. The literature review not only shows your grasp of the subject matter but also how your research will contribute new insights or perspectives to the field.

Step 5: Methodology

Describe the design of your research and the methodologies you will employ. This should include detailed information on data collection methods, instruments to be used and analysis techniques. Justify the appropriateness of these methods for your research​​.

Step 6: Timeline

Construct a detailed timeline that maps out the major milestones and activities of your research project. Break the entire research process into smaller, manageable tasks and assign realistic time frames to each. This timeline should cover everything from the initial research phase to the final submission, including periods for data collection, analysis and report writing. 

It helps in ensuring your project stays on track and demonstrates to reviewers that you have a well-thought-out plan for completing your research efficiently.

Step 7: Resources

Identify all the resources that will be required for your research, such as specific databases, laboratory equipment, software or funding. Provide details on how these resources will be accessed or acquired. 

If your research requires funding, explain how it will be utilized effectively to support various aspects of the project. 

Step 8: Ethical considerations

Address any ethical issues that may arise during your research. This is particularly important for research involving human subjects. Describe the measures you will take to ensure ethical standards are maintained, such as obtaining informed consent, ensuring participant privacy, and adhering to data protection regulations. 

Here, in this section you should reassure reviewers that you are committed to conducting your research responsibly and ethically.

Step 9: Expected outcomes and significance

Articulate the expected outcomes or results of your research. Explain the potential impact and significance of these outcomes, whether in advancing academic knowledge, influencing policy or addressing specific societal or practical issues. 

Step 10: References

Compile a comprehensive list of all the references cited in your proposal. Adhere to a consistent citation style (like APA or MLA) throughout your document. The reference section not only gives credit to the original authors of your sourced information but also strengthens the credibility of your proposal.

Step 11: Appendices

Include additional supporting materials that are pertinent to your research proposal. This can be survey questionnaires, interview guides, detailed data analysis plans or any supplementary information that supports the main text. 

Appendices provide further depth to your proposal, showcasing the thoroughness of your preparation.

Beige And Dark Green Minimalist Research Proposal

Research proposal FAQs

1. how long should a research proposal be.

The length of a research proposal can vary depending on the requirements of the academic institution, funding body or specific guidelines provided. Generally, research proposals range from 500 to 1500 words or about one to a few pages long. It’s important to provide enough detail to clearly convey your research idea, objectives and methodology, while being concise. Always check

2. Why is the research plan pivotal to a research project?

The research plan is pivotal to a research project because it acts as a blueprint, guiding every phase of the study. It outlines the objectives, methodology, timeline and expected outcomes, providing a structured approach and ensuring that the research is systematically conducted. 

A well-crafted plan helps in identifying potential challenges, allocating resources efficiently and maintaining focus on the research goals. It is also essential for communicating the project’s feasibility and importance to stakeholders, such as funding bodies or academic supervisors.

Simple Minimalist White Research Proposal

Mastering how to write a research proposal is an essential skill for any scholar, whether in social and behavioral sciences, academic writing or any field requiring scholarly research. From this article, you have learned key components, from the literature review to the research design, helping you develop a persuasive and well-structured proposal.

Remember, a good research proposal not only highlights your proposed research and methodology but also demonstrates its relevance and potential impact.

For additional support, consider utilizing Venngage’s Proposal Maker and Research Proposals Templates , valuable tools in crafting a compelling proposal that stands out.

Whether it’s for grant funding, a research paper or a dissertation proposal, these resources can assist in transforming your research idea into a successful submission.

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Research Method

Home » How To Write A Research Proposal – Step-by-Step [Template]

How To Write A Research Proposal – Step-by-Step [Template]

Table of Contents

How To Write a Research Proposal

How To Write a Research Proposal

Writing a Research proposal involves several steps to ensure a well-structured and comprehensive document. Here is an explanation of each step:

1. Title and Abstract

  • Choose a concise and descriptive title that reflects the essence of your research.
  • Write an abstract summarizing your research question, objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes. It should provide a brief overview of your proposal.

2. Introduction:

  • Provide an introduction to your research topic, highlighting its significance and relevance.
  • Clearly state the research problem or question you aim to address.
  • Discuss the background and context of the study, including previous research in the field.

3. Research Objectives

  • Outline the specific objectives or aims of your research. These objectives should be clear, achievable, and aligned with the research problem.

4. Literature Review:

  • Conduct a comprehensive review of relevant literature and studies related to your research topic.
  • Summarize key findings, identify gaps, and highlight how your research will contribute to the existing knowledge.

5. Methodology:

  • Describe the research design and methodology you plan to employ to address your research objectives.
  • Explain the data collection methods, instruments, and analysis techniques you will use.
  • Justify why the chosen methods are appropriate and suitable for your research.

6. Timeline:

  • Create a timeline or schedule that outlines the major milestones and activities of your research project.
  • Break down the research process into smaller tasks and estimate the time required for each task.

7. Resources:

  • Identify the resources needed for your research, such as access to specific databases, equipment, or funding.
  • Explain how you will acquire or utilize these resources to carry out your research effectively.

8. Ethical Considerations:

  • Discuss any ethical issues that may arise during your research and explain how you plan to address them.
  • If your research involves human subjects, explain how you will ensure their informed consent and privacy.

9. Expected Outcomes and Significance:

  • Clearly state the expected outcomes or results of your research.
  • Highlight the potential impact and significance of your research in advancing knowledge or addressing practical issues.

10. References:

  • Provide a list of all the references cited in your proposal, following a consistent citation style (e.g., APA, MLA).

11. Appendices:

  • Include any additional supporting materials, such as survey questionnaires, interview guides, or data analysis plans.

Research Proposal Format

The format of a research proposal may vary depending on the specific requirements of the institution or funding agency. However, the following is a commonly used format for a research proposal:

1. Title Page:

  • Include the title of your research proposal, your name, your affiliation or institution, and the date.

2. Abstract:

  • Provide a brief summary of your research proposal, highlighting the research problem, objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes.

3. Introduction:

  • Introduce the research topic and provide background information.
  • State the research problem or question you aim to address.
  • Explain the significance and relevance of the research.
  • Review relevant literature and studies related to your research topic.
  • Summarize key findings and identify gaps in the existing knowledge.
  • Explain how your research will contribute to filling those gaps.

5. Research Objectives:

  • Clearly state the specific objectives or aims of your research.
  • Ensure that the objectives are clear, focused, and aligned with the research problem.

6. Methodology:

  • Describe the research design and methodology you plan to use.
  • Explain the data collection methods, instruments, and analysis techniques.
  • Justify why the chosen methods are appropriate for your research.

7. Timeline:

8. Resources:

  • Explain how you will acquire or utilize these resources effectively.

9. Ethical Considerations:

  • If applicable, explain how you will ensure informed consent and protect the privacy of research participants.

10. Expected Outcomes and Significance:

11. References:

12. Appendices:

Research Proposal Template

Here’s a template for a research proposal:

1. Introduction:

2. Literature Review:

3. Research Objectives:

4. Methodology:

5. Timeline:

6. Resources:

7. Ethical Considerations:

8. Expected Outcomes and Significance:

9. References:

10. Appendices:

Research Proposal Sample

Title: The Impact of Online Education on Student Learning Outcomes: A Comparative Study

1. Introduction

Online education has gained significant prominence in recent years, especially due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This research proposal aims to investigate the impact of online education on student learning outcomes by comparing them with traditional face-to-face instruction. The study will explore various aspects of online education, such as instructional methods, student engagement, and academic performance, to provide insights into the effectiveness of online learning.

2. Objectives

The main objectives of this research are as follows:

  • To compare student learning outcomes between online and traditional face-to-face education.
  • To examine the factors influencing student engagement in online learning environments.
  • To assess the effectiveness of different instructional methods employed in online education.
  • To identify challenges and opportunities associated with online education and suggest recommendations for improvement.

3. Methodology

3.1 Study Design

This research will utilize a mixed-methods approach to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. The study will include the following components:

3.2 Participants

The research will involve undergraduate students from two universities, one offering online education and the other providing face-to-face instruction. A total of 500 students (250 from each university) will be selected randomly to participate in the study.

3.3 Data Collection

The research will employ the following data collection methods:

  • Quantitative: Pre- and post-assessments will be conducted to measure students’ learning outcomes. Data on student demographics and academic performance will also be collected from university records.
  • Qualitative: Focus group discussions and individual interviews will be conducted with students to gather their perceptions and experiences regarding online education.

3.4 Data Analysis

Quantitative data will be analyzed using statistical software, employing descriptive statistics, t-tests, and regression analysis. Qualitative data will be transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically to identify recurring patterns and themes.

4. Ethical Considerations

The study will adhere to ethical guidelines, ensuring the privacy and confidentiality of participants. Informed consent will be obtained, and participants will have the right to withdraw from the study at any time.

5. Significance and Expected Outcomes

This research will contribute to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the impact of online education on student learning outcomes. The findings will help educational institutions and policymakers make informed decisions about incorporating online learning methods and improving the quality of online education. Moreover, the study will identify potential challenges and opportunities related to online education and offer recommendations for enhancing student engagement and overall learning outcomes.

6. Timeline

The proposed research will be conducted over a period of 12 months, including data collection, analysis, and report writing.

The estimated budget for this research includes expenses related to data collection, software licenses, participant compensation, and research assistance. A detailed budget breakdown will be provided in the final research plan.

8. Conclusion

This research proposal aims to investigate the impact of online education on student learning outcomes through a comparative study with traditional face-to-face instruction. By exploring various dimensions of online education, this research will provide valuable insights into the effectiveness and challenges associated with online learning. The findings will contribute to the ongoing discourse on educational practices and help shape future strategies for maximizing student learning outcomes in online education settings.

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11.2 Steps in Developing a Research Proposal

Learning objectives.

  • Identify the steps in developing a research proposal.
  • Choose a topic and formulate a research question and working thesis.
  • Develop a research proposal.

Writing a good research paper takes time, thought, and effort. Although this assignment is challenging, it is manageable. Focusing on one step at a time will help you develop a thoughtful, informative, well-supported research paper.

Your first step is to choose a topic and then to develop research questions, a working thesis, and a written research proposal. Set aside adequate time for this part of the process. Fully exploring ideas will help you build a solid foundation for your paper.

Choosing a Topic

When you choose a topic for a research paper, you are making a major commitment. Your choice will help determine whether you enjoy the lengthy process of research and writing—and whether your final paper fulfills the assignment requirements. If you choose your topic hastily, you may later find it difficult to work with your topic. By taking your time and choosing carefully, you can ensure that this assignment is not only challenging but also rewarding.

Writers understand the importance of choosing a topic that fulfills the assignment requirements and fits the assignment’s purpose and audience. (For more information about purpose and audience, see Chapter 6 “Writing Paragraphs: Separating Ideas and Shaping Content” .) Choosing a topic that interests you is also crucial. You instructor may provide a list of suggested topics or ask that you develop a topic on your own. In either case, try to identify topics that genuinely interest you.

After identifying potential topic ideas, you will need to evaluate your ideas and choose one topic to pursue. Will you be able to find enough information about the topic? Can you develop a paper about this topic that presents and supports your original ideas? Is the topic too broad or too narrow for the scope of the assignment? If so, can you modify it so it is more manageable? You will ask these questions during this preliminary phase of the research process.

Identifying Potential Topics

Sometimes, your instructor may provide a list of suggested topics. If so, you may benefit from identifying several possibilities before committing to one idea. It is important to know how to narrow down your ideas into a concise, manageable thesis. You may also use the list as a starting point to help you identify additional, related topics. Discussing your ideas with your instructor will help ensure that you choose a manageable topic that fits the requirements of the assignment.

In this chapter, you will follow a writer named Jorge, who is studying health care administration, as he prepares a research paper. You will also plan, research, and draft your own research paper.

Jorge was assigned to write a research paper on health and the media for an introductory course in health care. Although a general topic was selected for the students, Jorge had to decide which specific issues interested him. He brainstormed a list of possibilities.

If you are writing a research paper for a specialized course, look back through your notes and course activities. Identify reading assignments and class discussions that especially engaged you. Doing so can help you identify topics to pursue.

  • Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) in the news
  • Sexual education programs
  • Hollywood and eating disorders
  • Americans’ access to public health information
  • Media portrayal of health care reform bill
  • Depictions of drugs on television
  • The effect of the Internet on mental health
  • Popularized diets (such as low-carbohydrate diets)
  • Fear of pandemics (bird flu, HINI, SARS)
  • Electronic entertainment and obesity
  • Advertisements for prescription drugs
  • Public education and disease prevention

Set a timer for five minutes. Use brainstorming or idea mapping to create a list of topics you would be interested in researching for a paper about the influence of the Internet on social networking. Do you closely follow the media coverage of a particular website, such as Twitter? Would you like to learn more about a certain industry, such as online dating? Which social networking sites do you and your friends use? List as many ideas related to this topic as you can.

Narrowing Your Topic

Once you have a list of potential topics, you will need to choose one as the focus of your essay. You will also need to narrow your topic. Most writers find that the topics they listed during brainstorming or idea mapping are broad—too broad for the scope of the assignment. Working with an overly broad topic, such as sexual education programs or popularized diets, can be frustrating and overwhelming. Each topic has so many facets that it would be impossible to cover them all in a college research paper. However, more specific choices, such as the pros and cons of sexual education in kids’ television programs or the physical effects of the South Beach diet, are specific enough to write about without being too narrow to sustain an entire research paper.

A good research paper provides focused, in-depth information and analysis. If your topic is too broad, you will find it difficult to do more than skim the surface when you research it and write about it. Narrowing your focus is essential to making your topic manageable. To narrow your focus, explore your topic in writing, conduct preliminary research, and discuss both the topic and the research with others.

Exploring Your Topic in Writing

“How am I supposed to narrow my topic when I haven’t even begun researching yet?” In fact, you may already know more than you realize. Review your list and identify your top two or three topics. Set aside some time to explore each one through freewriting. (For more information about freewriting, see Chapter 8 “The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?” .) Simply taking the time to focus on your topic may yield fresh angles.

Jorge knew that he was especially interested in the topic of diet fads, but he also knew that it was much too broad for his assignment. He used freewriting to explore his thoughts so he could narrow his topic. Read Jorge’s ideas.

Conducting Preliminary Research

Another way writers may focus a topic is to conduct preliminary research . Like freewriting, exploratory reading can help you identify interesting angles. Surfing the web and browsing through newspaper and magazine articles are good ways to start. Find out what people are saying about your topic on blogs and online discussion groups. Discussing your topic with others can also inspire you. Talk about your ideas with your classmates, your friends, or your instructor.

Jorge’s freewriting exercise helped him realize that the assigned topic of health and the media intersected with a few of his interests—diet, nutrition, and obesity. Preliminary online research and discussions with his classmates strengthened his impression that many people are confused or misled by media coverage of these subjects.

Jorge decided to focus his paper on a topic that had garnered a great deal of media attention—low-carbohydrate diets. He wanted to find out whether low-carbohydrate diets were as effective as their proponents claimed.

Writing at Work

At work, you may need to research a topic quickly to find general information. This information can be useful in understanding trends in a given industry or generating competition. For example, a company may research a competitor’s prices and use the information when pricing their own product. You may find it useful to skim a variety of reliable sources and take notes on your findings.

The reliability of online sources varies greatly. In this exploratory phase of your research, you do not need to evaluate sources as closely as you will later. However, use common sense as you refine your paper topic. If you read a fascinating blog comment that gives you a new idea for your paper, be sure to check out other, more reliable sources as well to make sure the idea is worth pursuing.

Review the list of topics you created in Note 11.18 “Exercise 1” and identify two or three topics you would like to explore further. For each of these topics, spend five to ten minutes writing about the topic without stopping. Then review your writing to identify possible areas of focus.

Set aside time to conduct preliminary research about your potential topics. Then choose a topic to pursue for your research paper.

Collaboration

Please share your topic list with a classmate. Select one or two topics on his or her list that you would like to learn more about and return it to him or her. Discuss why you found the topics interesting, and learn which of your topics your classmate selected and why.

A Plan for Research

Your freewriting and preliminary research have helped you choose a focused, manageable topic for your research paper. To work with your topic successfully, you will need to determine what exactly you want to learn about it—and later, what you want to say about it. Before you begin conducting in-depth research, you will further define your focus by developing a research question , a working thesis, and a research proposal.

Formulating a Research Question

In forming a research question, you are setting a goal for your research. Your main research question should be substantial enough to form the guiding principle of your paper—but focused enough to guide your research. A strong research question requires you not only to find information but also to put together different pieces of information, interpret and analyze them, and figure out what you think. As you consider potential research questions, ask yourself whether they would be too hard or too easy to answer.

To determine your research question, review the freewriting you completed earlier. Skim through books, articles, and websites and list the questions you have. (You may wish to use the 5WH strategy to help you formulate questions. See Chapter 8 “The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?” for more information about 5WH questions.) Include simple, factual questions and more complex questions that would require analysis and interpretation. Determine your main question—the primary focus of your paper—and several subquestions that you will need to research to answer your main question.

Here are the research questions Jorge will use to focus his research. Notice that his main research question has no obvious, straightforward answer. Jorge will need to research his subquestions, which address narrower topics, to answer his main question.

Using the topic you selected in Note 11.24 “Exercise 2” , write your main research question and at least four to five subquestions. Check that your main research question is appropriately complex for your assignment.

Constructing a Working ThesIs

A working thesis concisely states a writer’s initial answer to the main research question. It does not merely state a fact or present a subjective opinion. Instead, it expresses a debatable idea or claim that you hope to prove through additional research. Your working thesis is called a working thesis for a reason—it is subject to change. As you learn more about your topic, you may change your thinking in light of your research findings. Let your working thesis serve as a guide to your research, but do not be afraid to modify it based on what you learn.

Jorge began his research with a strong point of view based on his preliminary writing and research. Read his working thesis statement, which presents the point he will argue. Notice how it states Jorge’s tentative answer to his research question.

One way to determine your working thesis is to consider how you would complete sentences such as I believe or My opinion is . However, keep in mind that academic writing generally does not use first-person pronouns. These statements are useful starting points, but formal research papers use an objective voice.

Write a working thesis statement that presents your preliminary answer to the research question you wrote in Note 11.27 “Exercise 3” . Check that your working thesis statement presents an idea or claim that could be supported or refuted by evidence from research.

Creating a Research Proposal

A research proposal is a brief document—no more than one typed page—that summarizes the preliminary work you have completed. Your purpose in writing it is to formalize your plan for research and present it to your instructor for feedback. In your research proposal, you will present your main research question, related subquestions, and working thesis. You will also briefly discuss the value of researching this topic and indicate how you plan to gather information.

When Jorge began drafting his research proposal, he realized that he had already created most of the pieces he needed. However, he knew he also had to explain how his research would be relevant to other future health care professionals. In addition, he wanted to form a general plan for doing the research and identifying potentially useful sources. Read Jorge’s research proposal.

Read Jorge's research proposal

Before you begin a new project at work, you may have to develop a project summary document that states the purpose of the project, explains why it would be a wise use of company resources, and briefly outlines the steps involved in completing the project. This type of document is similar to a research proposal. Both documents define and limit a project, explain its value, discuss how to proceed, and identify what resources you will use.

Writing Your Own Research Proposal

Now you may write your own research proposal, if you have not done so already. Follow the guidelines provided in this lesson.

Key Takeaways

  • Developing a research proposal involves the following preliminary steps: identifying potential ideas, choosing ideas to explore further, choosing and narrowing a topic, formulating a research question, and developing a working thesis.
  • A good topic for a research paper interests the writer and fulfills the requirements of the assignment.
  • Defining and narrowing a topic helps writers conduct focused, in-depth research.
  • Writers conduct preliminary research to identify possible topics and research questions and to develop a working thesis.
  • A good research question interests readers, is neither too broad nor too narrow, and has no obvious answer.
  • A good working thesis expresses a debatable idea or claim that can be supported with evidence from research.
  • Writers create a research proposal to present their topic, main research question, subquestions, and working thesis to an instructor for approval or feedback.

Writing for Success Copyright © 2015 by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

Grad Coach

How To Write A Research Proposal

A Straightforward How-To Guide (With Examples)

By: Derek Jansen (MBA) | Reviewed By: Dr. Eunice Rautenbach | August 2019 (Updated April 2023)

Writing up a strong research proposal for a dissertation or thesis is much like a marriage proposal. It’s a task that calls on you to win somebody over and persuade them that what you’re planning is a great idea. An idea they’re happy to say ‘yes’ to. This means that your dissertation proposal needs to be   persuasive ,   attractive   and well-planned. In this post, I’ll show you how to write a winning dissertation proposal, from scratch.

Before you start:

– Understand exactly what a research proposal is – Ask yourself these 4 questions

The 5 essential ingredients:

  • The title/topic
  • The introduction chapter
  • The scope/delimitations
  • Preliminary literature review
  • Design/ methodology
  • Practical considerations and risks 

What Is A Research Proposal?

The research proposal is literally that: a written document that communicates what you propose to research, in a concise format. It’s where you put all that stuff that’s spinning around in your head down on to paper, in a logical, convincing fashion.

Convincing   is the keyword here, as your research proposal needs to convince the assessor that your research is   clearly articulated   (i.e., a clear research question) ,   worth doing   (i.e., is unique and valuable enough to justify the effort), and   doable   within the restrictions you’ll face (time limits, budget, skill limits, etc.). If your proposal does not address these three criteria, your research won’t be approved, no matter how “exciting” the research idea might be.

PS – if you’re completely new to proposal writing, we’ve got a detailed walkthrough video covering two successful research proposals here . 

Free Webinar: How To Write A Research Proposal

How do I know I’m ready?

Before starting the writing process, you need to   ask yourself 4 important questions .  If you can’t answer them succinctly and confidently, you’re not ready – you need to go back and think more deeply about your dissertation topic .

You should be able to answer the following 4 questions before starting your dissertation or thesis research proposal:

  • WHAT is my main research question? (the topic)
  • WHO cares and why is this important? (the justification)
  • WHAT data would I need to answer this question, and how will I analyse it? (the research design)
  • HOW will I manage the completion of this research, within the given timelines? (project and risk management)

If you can’t answer these questions clearly and concisely,   you’re not yet ready   to write your research proposal – revisit our   post on choosing a topic .

If you can, that’s great – it’s time to start writing up your dissertation proposal. Next, I’ll discuss what needs to go into your research proposal, and how to structure it all into an intuitive, convincing document with a linear narrative.

The 5 Essential Ingredients

Research proposals can vary in style between institutions and disciplines, but here I’ll share with you a   handy 5-section structure   you can use. These 5 sections directly address the core questions we spoke about earlier, ensuring that you present a convincing proposal. If your institution already provides a proposal template, there will likely be substantial overlap with this, so you’ll still get value from reading on.

For each section discussed below, make sure you use headers and sub-headers (ideally, numbered headers) to help the reader navigate through your document, and to support them when they need to revisit a previous section. Don’t just present an endless wall of text, paragraph after paragraph after paragraph…

Top Tip:   Use MS Word Styles to format headings. This will allow you to be clear about whether a sub-heading is level 2, 3, or 4. Additionally, you can view your document in ‘outline view’ which will show you only your headings. This makes it much easier to check your structure, shift things around and make decisions about where a section needs to sit. You can also generate a 100% accurate table of contents using Word’s automatic functionality.

research proposal kaise banate hain

Ingredient #1 – Topic/Title Header

Your research proposal’s title should be your main research question in its simplest form, possibly with a sub-heading providing basic details on the specifics of the study. For example:

“Compliance with equality legislation in the charity sector: a study of the ‘reasonable adjustments’ made in three London care homes”

As you can see, this title provides a clear indication of what the research is about, in broad terms. It paints a high-level picture for the first-time reader, which gives them a taste of what to expect.   Always aim for a clear, concise title . Don’t feel the need to capture every detail of your research in your title – your proposal will fill in the gaps.

Need a helping hand?

research proposal kaise banate hain

Ingredient #2 – Introduction

In this section of your research proposal, you’ll expand on what you’ve communicated in the title, by providing a few paragraphs which offer more detail about your research topic. Importantly, the focus here is the   topic   – what will you research and why is that worth researching? This is not the place to discuss methodology, practicalities, etc. – you’ll do that later.

You should cover the following:

  • An overview of the   broad area   you’ll be researching – introduce the reader to key concepts and language
  • An explanation of the   specific (narrower) area   you’ll be focusing, and why you’ll be focusing there
  • Your research   aims   and   objectives
  • Your   research question (s) and sub-questions (if applicable)

Importantly, you should aim to use short sentences and plain language – don’t babble on with extensive jargon, acronyms and complex language. Assume that the reader is an intelligent layman – not a subject area specialist (even if they are). Remember that the   best writing is writing that can be easily understood   and digested. Keep it simple.

The introduction section serves to expand on the  research topic – what will you study and why is that worth dedicating time and effort to?

Note that some universities may want some extra bits and pieces in your introduction section. For example, personal development objectives, a structural outline, etc. Check your brief to see if there are any other details they expect in your proposal, and make sure you find a place for these.

Ingredient #3 – Scope

Next, you’ll need to specify what the scope of your research will be – this is also known as the delimitations . In other words, you need to make it clear what you will be covering and, more importantly, what you won’t be covering in your research. Simply put, this is about ring fencing your research topic so that you have a laser-sharp focus.

All too often, students feel the need to go broad and try to address as many issues as possible, in the interest of producing comprehensive research. Whilst this is admirable, it’s a mistake. By tightly refining your scope, you’ll enable yourself to   go deep   with your research, which is what you need to earn good marks. If your scope is too broad, you’re likely going to land up with superficial research (which won’t earn marks), so don’t be afraid to narrow things down.

Ingredient #4 – Literature Review

In this section of your research proposal, you need to provide a (relatively) brief discussion of the existing literature. Naturally, this will not be as comprehensive as the literature review in your actual dissertation, but it will lay the foundation for that. In fact, if you put in the effort at this stage, you’ll make your life a lot easier when it’s time to write your actual literature review chapter.

There are a few things you need to achieve in this section:

  • Demonstrate that you’ve done your reading and are   familiar with the current state of the research   in your topic area.
  • Show that   there’s a clear gap   for your specific research – i.e., show that your topic is sufficiently unique and will add value to the existing research.
  • Show how the existing research has shaped your thinking regarding   research design . For example, you might use scales or questionnaires from previous studies.

When you write up your literature review, keep these three objectives front of mind, especially number two (revealing the gap in the literature), so that your literature review has a   clear purpose and direction . Everything you write should be contributing towards one (or more) of these objectives in some way. If it doesn’t, you need to ask yourself whether it’s truly needed.

Top Tip:  Don’t fall into the trap of just describing the main pieces of literature, for example, “A says this, B says that, C also says that…” and so on. Merely describing the literature provides no value. Instead, you need to   synthesise   it, and use it to address the three objectives above.

 If you put in the effort at the proposal stage, you’ll make your life a lot easier when its time to write your actual literature review chapter.

Ingredient #5 – Research Methodology

Now that you’ve clearly explained both your intended research topic (in the introduction) and the existing research it will draw on (in the literature review section), it’s time to get practical and explain exactly how you’ll be carrying out your own research. In other words, your research methodology.

In this section, you’ll need to   answer two critical questions :

  • How   will you design your research? I.e., what research methodology will you adopt, what will your sample be, how will you collect data, etc.
  • Why   have you chosen this design? I.e., why does this approach suit your specific research aims, objectives and questions?

In other words, this is not just about explaining WHAT you’ll be doing, it’s also about explaining WHY. In fact, the   justification is the most important part , because that justification is how you demonstrate a good understanding of research design (which is what assessors want to see).

Some essential design choices you need to cover in your research proposal include:

  • Your intended research philosophy (e.g., positivism, interpretivism or pragmatism )
  • What methodological approach you’ll be taking (e.g., qualitative , quantitative or mixed )
  • The details of your sample (e.g., sample size, who they are, who they represent, etc.)
  • What data you plan to collect (i.e. data about what, in what form?)
  • How you plan to collect it (e.g., surveys , interviews , focus groups, etc.)
  • How you plan to analyse it (e.g., regression analysis, thematic analysis , etc.)
  • Ethical adherence (i.e., does this research satisfy all ethical requirements of your institution, or does it need further approval?)

This list is not exhaustive – these are just some core attributes of research design. Check with your institution what level of detail they expect. The “ research onion ” by Saunders et al (2009) provides a good summary of the various design choices you ultimately need to make – you can   read more about that here .

Don’t forget the practicalities…

In addition to the technical aspects, you will need to address the   practical   side of the project. In other words, you need to explain   what resources you’ll need   (e.g., time, money, access to equipment or software, etc.) and how you intend to secure these resources. You need to show that your project is feasible, so any “make or break” type resources need to already be secured. The success or failure of your project cannot depend on some resource which you’re not yet sure you have access to.

Another part of the practicalities discussion is   project and risk management . In other words, you need to show that you have a clear project plan to tackle your research with. Some key questions to address:

  • What are the timelines for each phase of your project?
  • Are the time allocations reasonable?
  • What happens if something takes longer than anticipated (risk management)?
  • What happens if you don’t get the response rate you expect?

A good way to demonstrate that you’ve thought this through is to include a Gantt chart and a risk register (in the appendix if word count is a problem). With these two tools, you can show that you’ve got a clear, feasible plan, and you’ve thought about and accounted for the potential risks.

Gantt chart

Tip – Be honest about the potential difficulties – but show that you are anticipating solutions and workarounds. This is much more impressive to an assessor than an unrealistically optimistic proposal which does not anticipate any challenges whatsoever.

Final Touches: Read And Simplify

The final step is to edit and proofread your proposal – very carefully. It sounds obvious, but all too often poor editing and proofreading ruin a good proposal. Nothing is more off-putting for an assessor than a poorly edited, typo-strewn document. It sends the message that you either do not pay attention to detail, or just don’t care. Neither of these are good messages. Put the effort into editing and proofreading your proposal (or pay someone to do it for you) – it will pay dividends.

When you’re editing, watch out for ‘academese’. Many students can speak simply, passionately and clearly about their dissertation topic – but become incomprehensible the moment they turn the laptop on. You are not required to write in any kind of special, formal, complex language when you write academic work. Sure, there may be technical terms, jargon specific to your discipline, shorthand terms and so on. But, apart from those,   keep your written language very close to natural spoken language   – just as you would speak in the classroom. Imagine that you are explaining your project plans to your classmates or a family member. Remember, write for the intelligent layman, not the subject matter experts. Plain-language, concise writing is what wins hearts and minds – and marks!

Let’s Recap: Research Proposal 101

And there you have it – how to write your dissertation or thesis research proposal, from the title page to the final proof. Here’s a quick recap of the key takeaways:

  • The purpose of the research proposal is to   convince   – therefore, you need to make a clear, concise argument of why your research is both worth doing and doable.
  • Make sure you can ask the critical what, who, and how questions of your research   before   you put pen to paper.
  • Title – provides the first taste of your research, in broad terms
  • Introduction – explains what you’ll be researching in more detail
  • Scope – explains the boundaries of your research
  • Literature review – explains how your research fits into the existing research and why it’s unique and valuable
  • Research methodology – explains and justifies how you will carry out your own research

Hopefully, this post has helped you better understand how to write up a winning research proposal. If you enjoyed it, be sure to check out the rest of the Grad Coach Blog . If your university doesn’t provide any template for your proposal, you might want to try out our free research proposal template .

Literature Review Course

Psst… there’s more!

This post is an extract from our bestselling Udemy Course, Research Proposal Bootcamp . If you want to work smart, you don't want to miss this .

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29 Comments

Mazwakhe Mkhulisi

Thank you so much for the valuable insight that you have given, especially on the research proposal. That is what I have managed to cover. I still need to go back to the other parts as I got disturbed while still listening to Derek’s audio on you-tube. I am inspired. I will definitely continue with Grad-coach guidance on You-tube.

Derek Jansen

Thanks for the kind words :). All the best with your proposal.

NAVEEN ANANTHARAMAN

First of all, thanks a lot for making such a wonderful presentation. The video was really useful and gave me a very clear insight of how a research proposal has to be written. I shall try implementing these ideas in my RP.

Once again, I thank you for this content.

Bonginkosi Mshengu

I found reading your outline on writing research proposal very beneficial. I wish there was a way of submitting my draft proposal to you guys for critiquing before I submit to the institution.

Hi Bonginkosi

Thank you for the kind words. Yes, we do provide a review service. The best starting point is to have a chat with one of our coaches here: https://gradcoach.com/book/new/ .

Erick Omondi

Hello team GRADCOACH, may God bless you so much. I was totally green in research. Am so happy for your free superb tutorials and resources. Once again thank you so much Derek and his team.

You’re welcome, Erick. Good luck with your research proposal 🙂

ivy

thank you for the information. its precise and on point.

Nighat Nighat Ahsan

Really a remarkable piece of writing and great source of guidance for the researchers. GOD BLESS YOU for your guidance. Regards

Delfina Celeste Danca Rangel

Thanks so much for your guidance. It is easy and comprehensive the way you explain the steps for a winning research proposal.

Desiré Forku

Thank you guys so much for the rich post. I enjoyed and learn from every word in it. My problem now is how to get into your platform wherein I can always seek help on things related to my research work ? Secondly, I wish to find out if there is a way I can send my tentative proposal to you guys for examination before I take to my supervisor Once again thanks very much for the insights

Thanks for your kind words, Desire.

If you are based in a country where Grad Coach’s paid services are available, you can book a consultation by clicking the “Book” button in the top right.

Best of luck with your studies.

Adolph

May God bless you team for the wonderful work you are doing,

If I have a topic, Can I submit it to you so that you can draft a proposal for me?? As I am expecting to go for masters degree in the near future.

Thanks for your comment. We definitely cannot draft a proposal for you, as that would constitute academic misconduct. The proposal needs to be your own work. We can coach you through the process, but it needs to be your own work and your own writing.

Best of luck with your research!

kenate Akuma

I found a lot of many essential concepts from your material. it is real a road map to write a research proposal. so thanks a lot. If there is any update material on your hand on MBA please forward to me.

Ahmed Khalil

GradCoach is a professional website that presents support and helps for MBA student like me through the useful online information on the page and with my 1-on-1 online coaching with the amazing and professional PhD Kerryen.

Thank you Kerryen so much for the support and help 🙂

I really recommend dealing with such a reliable services provider like Gradcoah and a coach like Kerryen.

PINTON OFOSU

Hi, Am happy for your service and effort to help students and researchers, Please, i have been given an assignment on research for strategic development, the task one is to formulate a research proposal to support the strategic development of a business area, my issue here is how to go about it, especially the topic or title and introduction. Please, i would like to know if you could help me and how much is the charge.

Marcos A. López Figueroa

This content is practical, valuable, and just great!

Thank you very much!

Eric Rwigamba

Hi Derek, Thank you for the valuable presentation. It is very helpful especially for beginners like me. I am just starting my PhD.

Hussein EGIELEMAI

This is quite instructive and research proposal made simple. Can I have a research proposal template?

Mathew Yokie Musa

Great! Thanks for rescuing me, because I had no former knowledge in this topic. But with this piece of information, I am now secured. Thank you once more.

Chulekazi Bula

I enjoyed listening to your video on how to write a proposal. I think I will be able to write a winning proposal with your advice. I wish you were to be my supervisor.

Mohammad Ajmal Shirzad

Dear Derek Jansen,

Thank you for your great content. I couldn’t learn these topics in MBA, but now I learned from GradCoach. Really appreciate your efforts….

From Afghanistan!

Mulugeta Yilma

I have got very essential inputs for startup of my dissertation proposal. Well organized properly communicated with video presentation. Thank you for the presentation.

Siphesihle Macu

Wow, this is absolutely amazing guys. Thank you so much for the fruitful presentation, you’ve made my research much easier.

HAWANATU JULLIANA JOSEPH

this helps me a lot. thank you all so much for impacting in us. may god richly bless you all

June Pretzer

How I wish I’d learn about Grad Coach earlier. I’ve been stumbling around writing and rewriting! Now I have concise clear directions on how to put this thing together. Thank you!

Jas

Fantastic!! Thank You for this very concise yet comprehensive guidance.

Fikiru Bekele

Even if I am poor in English I would like to thank you very much.

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कैसे प्रस्ताव (proposal) लिखें

यह आर्टिकल लिखा गया सहयोगी लेखक द्वारा Dave Labowitz . डेव लेबोविट्ज़ एक बिजनेस कोच है जो पूर्व-उद्यमियों, एकल उद्यमियों/उद्यमियों की मदद करते हैं और टीम के नेताओं को अपने व्यवसायों और टीमों को शुरू करने, स्केल करने और नेतृत्व करने में मदद करते हैं। अपने कोचिंग करियर की शुरुआत करने से पहले, डेव एक स्टार्टअप एक्जीक्यूटिव थे, जिन्होंने एक दशक से अधिक समय तक उच्च-विकास वाली कंपनियों का निर्माण किया। डेव के “पाथ लेस ट्रेवल्ड” जीवन में हाई स्कूल से ड्रॉप आउट करने, स्मिथसोनियन इंस्टीट्यूट में एक बुक का सह-लेखन, और पेपरडाइन के ग्राज़ियाडियो बिजनेस स्कूल में एमबीए प्राप्त करने जैसे रोमांच शामिल हैं। यहाँ पर 10 रेफरेन्स दिए गए हैं जिन्हे आप आर्टिकल में नीचे देख सकते हैं। यह आर्टिकल ५५,४३० बार देखा गया है।

एक अच्छा प्रस्ताव या प्रपोजल (proposal) लिखना कई लिहाज से जरूरी होता है, व्यवसाय, स्कूल और बिजनस मैनेजमेंट से लेकर जियॉलॉजी (geology) सभी के लिए यह काफी महत्वपूर्ण योग्यता मानी जाती है। उपयुक्त लोगों को सूचना देकर उनका समर्थन प्राप्त करना एक अच्छे प्रपोजल का लक्ष्य है। अगर आप अपने विचारों और सुझावों को स्पष्ट रूप से, संक्षिप्त में, और आकर्षक रूप से पेश करेंगे, तो संभवतः लोग इनका समर्थन करेंगे। एक प्रभावी और आकर्षक प्रपोजल लिखने की जानकारी कई कार्यक्षेत्र में सफलता प्राप्ति के लिए आवश्यक है। प्रपोजल अनेक प्रकार के होते हैं, जैसे साइंस प्रपोजल और बुक प्रपोजल (book proposals), लेकिन बेसिक गाइडलाइन सभी प्रपोजल्स के लिए एक ही है।

अपने प्रपोजल की योजना बनाना

Step 1 अपने ऑडीअन्स को परिभाषित करें:

  • आपका प्रपोजल कौन पढ़ेंगा? उनको आपके विषय के बारे में कितनी जानकारी हो सकती है? अपने विषय के बारे में आप क्या परिभाषा या अधिक जानकारी देना आवश्यक मानते हैं?
  • अपने प्रपोजल से अपने ऑडीअन्स को आप क्या देना चाहेंगे? अपने ऑडीअन्स को आप क्या जानकारी देना चाहेंगे जिससे वह वही निर्णय लेंगे जो आप चाहते हैं?
  • अपने शब्द स्पष्ट लिखें ताकि आप अपने ऑडीअन्स को उम्मीदों और कामनाओं से परिचय करवा सकें। वह क्या सुनना चाहेंगे? उन्हें विषय के बारे में परिचय देने का सबसे उचित तरीका क्या है? आप अपने विषय के बारे में ऑडीअन्स को कैसे समझा पायेंगे?

Step 2 अपने विषय को ठीक तरह परिभाषित करें:

  • आपका विषय किन परिस्थितियों में लागू हो सकता है?
  • इस विषय को चुनने के पीछे क्या कारण हैं?
  • क्या आप निश्चिंत हैं कि यही सही कारण है, बाकी नहीं? आप इसकी कैसे पुष्टि करेंगे?
  • क्या इससे पहले किसी और व्यक्ति ने भी इस विषय के बारे में जानकारी हासिल करने कि कोशिश की है?
  • अगर जवाब हाँ है: क्या वह सफल हुए हैं? क्यों?
  • अगर जवाब नहीं है: क्यों सफल नहीं हुए हैं?

Step 3 अपने सुझाव की परिभाषा करें:

  • अपने प्रपोजल में एक मसले की परिभाषा “और” उसका सुझाव देना आवश्यक है, जिससे रसहीन, संशयी ऑडीअन्स आपके प्रपोजल का समर्थन कर सकें। [५] X रिसर्च सोर्स अपने ऑडीअन्स के मन को जीतना इतना आसान नहीं होगा। क्या आपका सुझाव तार्किक और सहज है? अपने सुझाव को अमल करने का घटनाक्रम क्या है?
  • अपने सुझाव को उद्देश्य की तरह लिहाज करने की कोशिश करें। आपका प्राथमिक उद्देश्य वह लक्ष्य है जिसे आपको अपने प्रॉजेक्ट में सिद्ध करना अनिवार्य है। माध्यमिक उद्देश्य वह लक्ष्य हैं जिसे आप सिद्ध करने की उम्मीद करते हैं।
  • अपने सुझाव को “नतीजा” (outcomes) और “प्रदेय” (deliverables) के रूप में समझना एक और लाभदायक तरीका है। अपने उद्देश्य के नतीजे परिमाणित अंत हैं। उदाहरण के लिए, अगर आपका प्रपोजल किसी बिजनस प्रॉजेक्ट के लिए है और आपका उद्देश्य “मुनाफा बढ़ाना” है, तो आपका नतीजा “रु. 1,00,000 का मुनाफा कमाना” हो सकता है। प्रदेय ऐसे उत्पाद या सेवा हैं जिसे आप अपने प्रॉजेक्ट के साथ “प्रदान” करते हैं। उदाहरण के लिए, विज्ञान प्रॉजेक्ट के प्रपोजल में एक नई दवाई या टीका (vaccine) को “प्रदान” करने का विवरण हो सकता है। ऑडीअन्स प्रपोजल में नतीजे और प्रदेय की खोज करते हैं, क्योंकि किसी प्रॉजेक्ट का “मूल्य” तय करने के लिए यह सबसे आसान तरीकों में से एक माना जाता है। [६] X रिसर्च सोर्स

Step 4 लिखने की शैली का ध्यान रखें:

  • शब्दावली (विशिष्ट तकनीकी बोली) अपनाने के बारे में ध्यान रखें। प्रभावशाली रचना शब्दावली (jargon) मुक्त होते हैं जब तक आप किसी विषय को शब्दावली के बिना वर्णन नहीं कर सकते। “श्रमिक संख्या की असंतुलन में सुधार” और “कर्मचारियों को जाने देना” के बीच में अंतर का विचार करें। द्वितीय तथ्य न सिर्फ स्पष्ट और प्रासंगिक है, यह कम शब्दों का इस्तेमाल करता है, ताकि अपने विचारों के बारे में आप ज़्यादा विवरण दे सकते हैं। [७] X रिसर्च सोर्स
  • आप लोगों को कैसे यक़ीन दिला सकते हैं? प्रपोजल को विश्वसनीय बनाने के लिए भावुक गुहार का प्रयोग करें, पर इसके लिए अपने दलील को तथ्य के आधार पर निर्भर होना चाहिए। उदाहरण के लिए, बाघ संरक्षण के प्रपोजल में आप चर्चा कर सकते हैं कि कितना दुखद होगा जब आने वाली पीढ़ी के बच्चे कभी बाघ नहीं देख पाएंगे, पर यह “रुकना” नहीं चाहिए। इस दलील को विश्वसनीय बनाने के लिए तथ्य और सुझाव के आधार पर निर्भर होना चाहिए।

Step 5 सारांश लिखें:

  • अपने सारांश में आपका मसला, आपका सुझाव, कैसे इसका समाधान निकालेंगे, आपका सुझाव क्यों उचित है, और एक समाप्ति शामिल होनी चाहिए। अगर आप एक कार्यकारी (executive) प्रपोजल तैयार कर रहे हैं, तो आपको बज़ट विश्लेषण और व्यवस्थापन जानकारी को प्रपोजल में शामिल करना होगा।

अपने प्रपोजल को लिखना

Step 1 मजबूत परिचय से प्रारंभ करें:

  • अगर आप किसी अटल सत्य से अपने विषय पर रोशनी डाल सकते हैं तो तुरंत इसे संबोधित करें, इससे शुरू करना आपके लिए सबसे कुशल विचार साबित होगा। जो भी है, निश्चित करें कि आप एक सत्य के साथ शुरू कर रहे हैं और यह आपका अभिप्राय नहीं है।

Step 2 अपने मसले को व्यक्त करें:

  • अपने मसले का समाधान क्यों निकालने की ज़रूरत है और इसे क्यों अभी सुलझाने की ज़रूरत है, इस विषय पर जोर दें। अगर ऐसे ही छोड़ दिया तो आपके ऑडीअन्स पर क्या असर होगा? सुनिश्चित करें कि आप सारे प्रश्नों का उत्तर शोध और हकीकत के साथ पेश करें। विश्वसनीय स्तोत्र को उदारता से प्रयोग करें।
  • अपने प्रपोजल को विशेषक से घेरा या उलझन करने या इधर-उधर की बातें करने की कोशिश न करें। इस अनुभाग के ज़रिये अपने ऑडीअन्स को विश्वास दिलाना चाहिए कि एक मसला है, और वह महत्वपूर्ण है। “मुझे भरोसा है कि मेरे प्रपोजल से ज़िले की गरीबी पर काफी असर पड़ेगा” लिखने से आपके ऑडीअन्स को किसी बात पर विश्वास नहीं होगा। सीधा और संक्षिप्त रहें। “इस प्रस्तावित योजना से ज़िले में गरीबी को हटाना उल्लेखनीय है,” ज़्यादा विश्वसनीय है।

Step 3 सुझाव प्रस्तुत करें:

  • अपने विचारों के असर के बारे में चर्चा करें। जिन विचारों की उपयुक्तता सीमित हैं वह ऑडीअन्स में उत्सुकता नहीं भर सकते, जितनी उन विचारों की उपयुक्तता, उतना ही व्यापक उसका असर हो सकता है। उदाहरण के लिए: “टूना मछली के व्यवहार के बारे में बेहतर ज्ञान प्राप्त करने से हम एक ज़्यादा विस्तृत अनुशासन करने की योजना बना सकते हैं और भविष्य की पीढ़ी को टूना मछली कैन करना पक्का कर सकते हैं।”
  • अपने प्रपोजल में आप क्या करना चाहेंगे उतना ही महत्वपूर्ण है जितना कि आप “क्यों” वह करना चाहेंगे। मान लेते हैं कि आपके ऑडीअन्स संशयी हैं और वह आपके विचारों से प्रत्यक्ष मूल्य पर सहमत नहीं हैं। अगर आप 2000 टूना मछली पकड़ कर-शोध करके-उन्हें छोड़ने का प्रपोजल पेश करते हैं, तो क्यों? क्या इससे बेहतर कोई विकल्प है? अगर यह महंगा विकल्प है, तो इससे सस्ता विकल्प को क्यों नहीं चुन सकते? पूर्वानुमान करके और ऐसे प्रश्नों का उत्तर तैयार करने से आपके ऑडीअन्स को पता चलेगा कि आपने अपने विचारों के हर पहलू पर गौर किया है।
  • आपके प्रपोजल को पढ़ने के बाद आपके ऑडीअन्स को लगना चाहिए कि आप इस मसले का कुशलतापूर्वक हल निकाल सकते हैं। जो भी आप अपने प्रपोजल में पेश करते हैं, उसमें पूरी तरह से सिर्फ मसले या उसके समाधान के बारे में होना चाहिए।
  • बड़े पैमाने पर प्रपोजल का शोध करें। जितने ज़्यादा उदाहरण और तथ्य आप अपने ऑडीअन्स को पेश करेंगे, उतना बेहतर होगा – यह ज़्यादा विश्वसनीय होगा। अपने अभिप्राय का त्याग करें और दूसरों के ठोस शोध पर भरोसा करें।
  • अगर आपके प्रपोजल में पेश किए गए सुझाव सफल साबित नहीं हो सकता है, तो वह सुझाव उचित नहीं है। अगर आपका सुझाव सहज नहीं है, तो उसे बाहर निकाल दें। अपने सुझाव के परिणाम के बारे में भी ध्यान रखें। अगर हो सके तो अपने सुझाव का पूर्व-निरीक्षण करें और उसे बदलने की कोशिश करें।

Step 4 सूची और बज़ट को शामिल करें:

  • आप अपना प्रॉजेक्ट कब शुरू करने की कल्पना कर रहे हैं? आपके प्रॉजेक्ट की प्रगति का रफ्तार क्या होगा? हर कदम पिछले कदम पर कैसे आधारित होगा? क्या कुछ चीजों को एक-साथ कर सकते हैं? जितना हो सके कुशल बने ताकि अपने ऑडीअन्स को विश्वास दिला सकें कि आप आवश्यक कार्य करके आये हैं और उनका निवेश व्यर्थ नहीं जाएगा।
  • सुनिश्चित कर लें कि आपका प्रपोजल आर्थिक रूप से सुदृढ़ है। अगर आप अपने प्रपोजल को किसी कंपनी या व्यक्ति को पेश कर रहे हैं, तो उनके बज़ट पर ध्यान रखें। अगर वह आपके प्रपोजल का खतरा नहीं उठा सकते, तो आपका प्रपोजल समुचित नहीं है। अगर प्रपोजल उनके बज़ट से तालमेल रखता है, तो उनके समय और पैसे का मूल्य शामिल करना न भूलें।

Step 5 निष्कर्ष के साथ समाप्त करें:

  • अगर आपके प्रपोजल में कुछ अतिरिक्त तथ्य हैं जो सही मायने में अनुरूप नहीं हैं, तो आप एक अतिरिक्त अनुभाग (appendix) को जोड़ें। परंतु आप यह भी जानते हैं कि जितना मोटा आपका प्रपोजल होगा, लोग इसे देखकर डर जाएंगे। अगर आपको संदेह है, तो इस भाग को शामिल न करें।
  • अगर आपके प्रपोजल में दो से ज़्यादा अनुभाग है, तो उन्हें क, ख, आदि से नामांकन करें। यह आप तब इस्तेमाल कर सकते हैं जब आपके पास आंकड़ा पत्रक (data sheet), पुनः प्रकाशित उल्लेख (reprint of articles), या समर्थन पत्र (letters of endorsement) जैसे दस्तावेज़ हैं। [१३] X रिसर्च सोर्स

Step 6 अपने प्रपोजल को संपादित करें:

  • एक (या दो) लोगों को अपने प्रपोजल पर नज़र डालने को कहें। वह प्रपोजल में समस्याओं को चिन्हांकित कर सकते हैं जिसे आपने नजरंदाज किया होगा। ऐसी समस्याएं होंगे जिन्हें आप पूरी तरह से संबोधित करना भूल गए होंगे या ऐसे प्रश्न जिन्हें आपने खुला छोड़ दिया है।
  • शब्दावली (jargon) और पिष्टोक्ति (clichés) का प्रयोग न करें! इससे ऑडीअन्स को लगेगा कि आप आलसी है और उनके समझने में बाधा डाल सकते हैं। जहाँ छोटे शब्द का इस्तेमाल कर सकते हैं वहां लंबे शब्द का इस्तेमाल न करें। [१६] X रिसर्च सोर्स
  • जहाँ तक हो सके कर्मवाच्य (passive voice) का प्रयोग करना टालें। कर्मवाच्य में “करना होगा” जैसे क्रियावाचक शब्द का प्रयोग होता है और आपके अर्थ अस्पष्ट हो जाएंगे। इन दो वाक्यों की तुलना करें: “खिड़की नीरस व्यक्ति (zombie) द्वारा तोड़ी गई है” और “नीरस व्यक्ति (zombie) ने खिड़की तोड़ी।” पहले वाक्य में आपको पता नहीं है कि “किसने” खिड़की तोड़ी: नीरस व्यक्ति ने तोड़ी? या फिर नीरस व्यक्ति खिड़की के पास खड़ा था जो टूटी हुई थी? दूसरे वाक्य में, वास्तव में आपको पता है कि कौन तोड़ रहा है और यह महत्वपूर्ण क्यों है।

Step 7 अपने प्रपोजल को प्रूफ-रीड (Proofread) करें:

  • आपकी ओर से कोई भी गलती आपको कम शिष्ट और विश्वसनीय दिखाई देगी, जिससे ऑडीअन्स आपके प्रपोजल को समर्थन देने के आसार कम हो जाते हैं।
  • निश्चित करें कि प्रपोजल लिखने के गाइडलाइन के अनुसार आपने फॉर्मेट किया है।
  • ऐसे शब्द का प्रयोग करें जो ऑडीअन्स आसानी से समझ सकें। छोटे वाक्य का प्रयोग करें जो स्पष्ट और प्रासंगिक है।
  • किसी भी आर्थिक या अन्य साधन के बारे में चर्चा सावधानी से करनी चाहिए और होने वाले अपेक्षित खर्च की वास्तविक तस्वीर दिखाएं।

संबंधित लेखों

बंगाली में आम शब्द बोलना सीखें

  • ↑ http://orsp.umich.edu/proposal-writers-guide-overview
  • ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/20080628094326_727.pdf
  • ↑ http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~ebrown/pracguid.htm
  • ↑ http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2004/nsf04016/nsf04016.pdf
  • ↑ ५.० ५.१ http://www.dailywritingtips.com/how-to-write-a-proposal/
  • ↑ http://www.plainlanguage.gov/howto/wordsuggestions/jargonfree.cfm
  • ↑ १३.० १३.१ http://orsp.umich.edu/proposals/pwg/pwgcomplete.html
  • ↑ http://www.forbes.com/sites/augustturak/2013/02/18/how-to-write-a-plan-or-proposal-that-rocks/
  • ↑ http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.apmp.org/resource/resmgr/podcasts/clear_prop_writing.pdf

विकीहाउ के बारे में

Dave Labowitz

  • प्रिंट करें

यह लेख ने कैसे आपकी मदद की?

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बंगाली में आम शब्द बोलना सीखें

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  • शोधप्रारूप(synopsis) कैसे बनाएँ ? how to create a research design ?

SOORAJ KRISHNA SHASTRI

  जब हम अपने रिसर्च कार्य का प्रारम्भ करते है तो सबसे पहले शोध विषय(research topic) का चयन करते है । शोध विषय का निश्चय करने के तुरन्त बाद यह प्रश्न आता है कि इस शोधकार्य का प्रयोजन क्या है ? तथा कैसे इस शोध कार्य को पूर्ण करना है? यही तथ्य एक प्रक्रिया के द्वारा लिखित रूप में अपने गाइड और कमेटी के समक्ष प्रस्तुत करना होता है जिसे हम शोधप्रारूप या सिनॉप्सिस(synopsis) कहते हैं।

     शोधप्रारूप या सिनॉप्सिस(synopsis) सही ढंग से न प्रस्तुत करने के कारण वर्षों तक यहाँ-वहाँ भटकना पड़ता है तथा शोधकार्य पिछड़ता चला जाता है।दोस्तों यदि आपने शोधप्रारूप का निर्माण सही ढंग से कर लिया याकि एक बेहतर तरीके से चरणबद्ध शोधप्रारूप सिनॉप्सिस(synopsis)  निर्मित कर ली तो यह कमेटी से शीघ्र ही पास हो जाता है । इसलिए कभी भी शोधप्रारूप का निर्माण चरणबद्ध तरीके से करें । शोधप्रारूप निर्माण के कुछ चरण निर्धारित किये गये हैं जिससे शोधप्रारूप बनकर तैयार होता है ।

शोधप्रारूप के 10 चरण(ten stages of research design)

1. परिचय पृष्ठ(introduction page), 2. प्रस्तावना(preface).

3. औचित्य(justification)

4. प्रयोजन(purpuse of research)

5. प्राक्कल्पना(hypothesis)

6. ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि(historical background).

7. शोध सर्वेक्षण(research survey)

8. शोध प्रकृति(nature of research)

9. अध्याय विभाजन(chapter division)

10. सन्दर्भ-ग्रन्थ सूची(reference bibliography)

शोधप्रारूप या सिनॉप्सिस(synopsis) के यही दस चरण हैं जिससे शोधप्रारूप का निर्माण होता है । अब हम आगे विस्तार से चर्चा करेंगे ।

   यह सिनॉप्सिस(synopsis) का पहला पेज(front page) होता है जिसमें निम्नलिखित सूचनाएँ देते हैं-

- युनिवर्सिटी का लोगो(logo) तथा युनिवर्सिटी का नाम(name of university)

- शोध-विषय(research topic)

- सत्र(year)

- शोधनिर्देशक/निर्देशिका (name of superviser or guide)

- अपना नाम(your name)

  प्रस्तावना वह भाग होता है जिसमें अपने शोध शीर्षक के विषय में सामान्य जानकारी देनी पड़ती है । एक तरह से यह आपके शीर्षक का सामान्य परिचय होता है । प्रस्तावना बहुत लम्बी नहीं होनी चाहिए । एक-एक शब्द को अच्छी तरह से जाँच-परखकर रखना चाहिए । प्रस्तावना में 300 से 500 शब्द होने चाहिए । आवश्यकतानुसार इसे घटाया बढ़ाया जा सकता है । परन्तु ध्यान रहे प्रस्तावना में व्यर्थ बातें नहीं भरनी चाहिए । जो आवश्यक बातें हो वही इस भाग में लिखें । 

3. औचित्य(justification) 

 आप जिस शीर्षक पर कार्य करने जा रहे हैं उस शीर्षक का औचित्य क्या है ? इसके बारे में यहाँ लिखना होता है। औचित्य का आशय यह है कि जिस विषय का आपने चयन किया है उस पर शोधकार्य करने की आवश्यकता क्या है । आपके इस शोधकार्य के करने से कौन-कौन सी नई बातें निकलकर आएंगी जिसके बारे में जानना जरूरी है। कभी-कभी हमें लगता है कि औचित्य और प्रयोजन एक ही बात है पर ऐसा नहीं है, इसमें अन्तर है । औचित्य भाग में केवल आपके शोध कार्य की आवश्यकता से सम्बन्धित बातों का जिक्र होता है जबकि प्रयोजन भाग में शोधकार्य के फल या परिणाम की जानकारी दी जाती है। अतः इन दोनों का अन्तर समझकर पृथक-पृथक जानकारी लिखनी चाहिए । इस भाग में यह भी बताना होता है कि इस विषय पर कितना कार्य हुआ है और क्या बाकी है । जो भाग शेष है उसकी भी पूर्ण जानकारी इसमें लिखनी चाहिए । क्योंकि कभी-कभी ऐसा भी होता है कि जिस विषय पर आप कार्य करने जा रहे हैं उस पर कार्य हुआ होता है परन्तु आपको लगता है कि नहीं यह कार्य अभी पूर्ण नहीं है , इसमें इतना भाग बचा है जिस पर शोधकार्य होना चाहिए। इसी बात की जानकारी इस भाग में देनी पड़ती है ।

4. प्रयोजन(Purpose of research)

    आपके शोधकार्य का कोई न कोई प्रयोजन होना चाहिए । जैसा कि कहा गया है -

प्रयोजनमनुद्दिश्य मन्दोपि न प्रवर्तते॥

अतः आपके शोधशीर्षक में एक अच्छा परिणाम, फल या प्रयोजन छुपा होना चाहिए । बिना प्रयोजन के शोध शीर्षक का चयन नहीं करना चाहिए । इस भाग में यह लिखना होता है कि आपने जो शोध शीर्षक चुना है उसका प्रयोजन क्या है ? इस शोधकार्य का परिणाम क्या होगा ? इसका जिक्र इस भाग में करना चाहिए । ध्यान रहे आपके शोध शीर्षक के विस्तार के आधार पर ही प्रयोजन का निश्चय करना चाहिए । ऐसा न हो कि जो प्रयोजन आप दिखा रहे हों वहाँ तक आपके शोध शीर्षक की पहुँच ही न हो । जैसे आपने किसी एक साहित्यिक पुस्तक पर शोधकार्य  आरम्भ किया तथा प्रयोजन में लिखा कि इस शोधकार्य से सम्पूर्ण साहित्य जगत् का कल्याण होगा । यह गलत है । साहित्य जगत् बहु-विस्तृत शब्द है । एक पुस्तक पर किया गया कार्य समग्र साहित्य का कल्याण नहीं कर सकता अतः आपके द्वारा दिखाया गया यह प्रयोजन निरर्थक है । इस विषय का सही प्रयोजन यह है कि प्रस्तुत पुस्तक पर शोध कार्य करने से इस पुस्तक से सम्बन्धित तथ्य अध्येताओं के सम्मुख आयेंगे तथा इस पुस्तक के महत्त्व का आकलन  हो सकेगा । अब आप समझ गये होंगे कि इस भाग में हमें क्या दर्शाना है । शोध शीर्षक के अनुरूप शोधकार्य का फल भी होना चाहिए । 

   शोध प्रारूप का यह भी बहुत महत्त्वपूर्ण भाग है । प्राक्कल्पना का अर्थ होता है पूर्व में कल्पना करना । अपने शोध शीर्षक के विषय में हम यह बताते हैं कि यह शोधकार्य किस प्रकार से अपने मूलभूत विषय का उपस्थापन करेगा अथवा इस विषय पर हमारे शोधकार्य से किस प्रकार के प्रतिफल के आने की सम्भावना है । इस बात का वर्णन भी इस शोधप्रारूप में करना पड़ता है ।

  इस भाग में यह लिखना होता है कि आपके शोध-शीर्षक की ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि क्या है ? इस शीर्षक से सम्बन्धित तथ्यों का इतिहास क्या रहा है ? आपके शीर्षक को प्रभावित करने वाले कैसे-कैसे ग्रन्थ या कैसी-कैसी साहित्यिक सामग्री पूर्वकाल से ही उपलब्ध है अथवा प्राचीनकाल में आपके शोधविषय का प्रारूप क्या था ? इस भाग में शोध शीर्षक का ऐतिहासिक विवरण देना चाहिए । 

7. शोध-सर्वेक्षण(research survey)

    शोधप्रारूप का यह भाग अतीव महत्त्वपूर्ण होता है । आपने कोई भी शोध शीर्षक चुन तो लिया, शोध प्रारूप भी बना लिया , सब कुछ निश्चित हो गया कि इसी शोध विषय पर हमें कार्य करना है परन्तु बाद में कमेटी में जाकर खारिज हो गया तथा पत्र में लिखकर आ गया कि जिस विषय पर आप शोधकार्य करने जा रहे हैं उस विषय पर तो कार्य हो चुका है । तब आपका मुंह देखने लायक होता है । तो यह घटना आपके साथ घटे इससे पूर्व ही यह निरीक्षण कर लें कि जिस विषय का आपने चुनाव किया है वह अकर्तृक है अर्थात् उस पर किसी ने शोध कार्य नहीं किया है । अपने शोध प्रारूप के इस भाग में आप यही बताएंगे कि जिस विषय पर मैं शोध कार्य करने जा रहा हूँ उस विषय पर मेरे संज्ञान में कोई शोधकार्य नहीं हुआ है । इसका सर्वेक्षण हमने कर लिया है तथा यह शोध शीर्षक शोधकार्य हेतु अर्ह है ।

8. शोध-प्रकृति(nature of research)

  इस भाग में आप यह बताते हैं कि आपने अपने शोधकार्य में किस विधि या किस शोध पद्धति का इस्तेमाल किया है । आपके शोध की प्रकृति क्या है ? इस विषय में आप निश्चय करते हैं कि हमने शोधकार्य की परिपूर्णता एवं स्पष्टता हेतु किन-किन विधियों का समावेश किया है । यह प्रकृति अनेक प्रकार की हो सकती है । शोधकार्य में कहीं तुलनात्मक, कहीं विश्लेषणात्मक या कहीं विमर्शात्मक या कहीं-कहीं अन्यान्य शोध-प्रविधियों का प्रयोग किया जाता है । इन्हीं विषयों की सम्भावना प्रस्तुत भाग में करनी चाहिए ।

शोध-प्रविधियों की जानकारी के लिए देखें- शोध-प्रविधियाँ ।

9. अध्याय-विभाजन(chapter division)

   इस भाग में आप अपने शोधकार्य का प्रबन्ध भाग दर्शाने हेतु अध्याय विभाजन करते हैं । आपके शोध- प्रबन्ध के अध्यायों का प्रारूप कैसा रहेगा उन बातों का विवरण आप इस भाग में लिखेंगे । आपके शोध प्रबन्ध में 5,6,7,8,9, या 10 कितने अध्याय होंगे इसका स्पष्ट उल्लेख यहां होना चाहिए । 

  अध्याय विभाजन में ध्यातव्य बातें-

- अध्यायों की संख्या आपके शोध प्रबन्ध के अनुरूप होनी चाहिए ।

- फालतू अध्याय न जोड़ें जिसका आपके शोध प्रबन्ध में कोई महत्त्व न हो ।

- अध्यायों में विशिष्ट  तथ्यों से सम्बन्धित सब-टाइटल(sub-title) का प्रयोग करें ।जैसे-

अध्याय.1 के अन्तर्गत 1.1,1.2,1.3,...आदि या(क),(ख),(ग)... इत्यादि ।

- अध्याय विभाजन में सर्वप्रथम भूमिका फिर अध्यायों का क्रम पुनः उपसंहार अन्त में परिशिष्ट की योजना करनी चाहिए । 

10. सन्दर्भ ग्रन्थ सूची(reference bibliography)

   शोध प्रारूप का यह अन्तिम भाग है । इस भाग में आपके शोध विषय में प्रयुक्त ग्रन्थों की जानकारी यहाँ देनी पड़ती है । सन्दर्भ ग्रन्थ सूची में ग्रन्थ के लेखक, रचयिता या सम्पादक का नाम, ग्रन्थ का नाम या शीर्षक, प्रकाशक का नाम , प्रकाशन स्थल , संस्करण एवं वर्ष का क्रमशः उल्लेख करना चाहिए । पत्र-पत्रिकाओं या इन्टरनेट की भी यदि सहायता ली गई है तो इसका भी उल्लेख आप यहाँ कर सकते हैं ।

  सबसे अन्त में नीचे बाएँ दिनाङ्क एवं स्थान का सङ्केत करना चाहिए तत्पश्चात् उसके नीचे बाँए ही साइड मार्गदर्शक का नाम एवं  दायें अपना नाम एवं हस्ताक्षर अङ्कित करना चाहिए ।

हमें आशा है आपको यह लेख पसन्द आयेगा । आपको यह लेख कैसा लगा इसके बारे में कमेन्ट बॉक्स में लिखकर हमें प्रेषित करें । यदि सम्बन्धित विषय में किसी प्रकार की आशंका है तो भी कॉमेन्ट करके अवश्य सूचित करें ।  

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SOORAJ KRISHNA SHASTRI

SOORAJ KRISHNA SHASTRI

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21टिप्पणियाँ

महादय: शोधप्रारूपस्य उत्तमम् रित्याम् विवरणं दत्तवान्। शोधर्थि कृत्ते उपयोगि भवेत्।

research proposal kaise banate hain

धन्यवाद, यदि आप सभी के काम आ सकूँ तो स्वयं को सफल मानूँगा। यदि आप इससे लाभान्वित हुए हों तो और मित्रों को भी प्रेरित करें ।

Thank you sir ek synopsis bhej dijiye koi ho apke pass toh

Koi AK synopsis bhejen sir

Thanks Sir 🙏

research proposal kaise banate hain

बहुत अच्छा विवरण। इस सम्बन्ध में आपसे सम्पर्क किया जा सकता है?

जी हाँ हमसे सम्पर्क करने के लिए हमारे ईमेल आईडी [email protected] या फोन नंबर 7376572355 पर सम्पर्क कर सकते हैं धन्यवाद 🙏🙏

बहुत बहुत धन्यवाद सर आपने एक एक चरण को बेहतर ढंग से समझाया हैं 🙏🙏

धन्यवाद भाई 🙏🙏

Bahut hi sundar prasentation sir..

Babu ki sundar lekh dhanyavad

बहुत ही सुंदर जानकारी

Thank you for giving this a beautiful information for synopsis of PhD

अतिउत्तम प्रस्तुति एवं बहुपयोगी लेख

It's very useful and helpful for my synopsis 🙏

Thank you🙏🙏

Sir readymade शोधप्रारूप Ka pdf mil Sakta h 5 September last date

very informative post for research. thanks for shering

Bharat mein madhyamik Shiksha ki samasya per shodh

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How to Format a PhD Synopsis (India)

Qamar Mayyasah

  • By Qamar Mayyasah
  • August 26, 2020

PhD_Synopsis_Format_Guidance

Introduction

This article will answer common questions about the PhD synopsis, give guidance on how to write one, and provide my thoughts on samples.

A PhD synopsis is a detailed summary of your proposed research project which justifies the need for your work. It is used to convince academic committees that your project should be approved.

If you are wondering how to write a synopsis for a PhD, then there are several things you must make sure your synopsis includes. Firstly, the reader must be able to read your synopsis and understand what contribution it would make to the research area. You should also explain the research objectives, methodology, data analysation and presentation format. Finally, you should conclude with limitations of your study and how you envisage others building on the findings you make.

PhD Synopsis format for a project

Although the format of a PhD synopsis report may differ between universities, there are many universal recommendations I can give. First, the research project synopsis format must include several fundamental sections which allow you to clearly detail your proposed project.

These sections are outlined below:

Research project title

Clearly define the title of your research project.

Include an introduction which summarises the current knowledge in your research area. This section should explain where gaps in knowledge are, and briefly what your project aims to do to address these gaps.

Literature review

A literature review will be a summary of published literature including journals, papers and other academic documentation which relate to your project. You need to critically appraise these documents: What have others done? What did they find? Where could their work be expanded on?

Aims & Objectives

Clearly define what the purpose of the PhD project is. What questions are you trying to answer? How will you measure success?

Research Methodology

Explain how you will achieve your objectives. Be specific and outline your process; the equipment you will use, data collection strategies, questionnaires you will distribute and data analysation techniques you will employ. This is a critical part of the research synopsis as it demonstrates whether your project is achievable or too ambitious.

You must provide references and citations to any sources you use. Reference materials are needed to acknowledge the original source, allow further reading for those who are interested and avoid claims of plagiarism. A number of different referencing systems exist, so it is important that you use the referencing system outlined in your university guidelines.

Provide a conclusion which should briefly summarise what your PhD research project is and why it is needed. You should also comment on the limitations of your work so that the scope of your study is clear.

In addition to the synopsis format for a PhD, we have outlined the styling rules you should follow:

  • Approximately 1” margins on top, bottom, and right of page.
  • Approximately 1.25” margin on left of page to allow space for binding.
  • Sans serif font (for example Times New Roman).
  • Black colour font.
  • Size 11pt or 12pt font.

It is important to remember this is general advice to assist with PhD synopsis writing. You must check your university guidelines first as they may have particular rules which you should follow.

PhD Synopsis Samples

I would not recommend using a PhD synopsis sample. This is because every research project is different, and the purpose of a synopsis report is to demonstrate the uniqueness of your project. Instead you should use the above format, and ensure you address each of the sections.

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In the UK, a dissertation, usually around 20,000 words is written by undergraduate and Master’s students, whilst a thesis, around 80,000 words, is written as part of a PhD.

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research proposal kaise banate hain

Dr Griffith gained her PhD in Neuroscience from Northwestern University in 2015. She is now a neuroscientist and children’s book author and will be opening her own lab in the Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology at the University of California Davis later this year (2020).

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Chris is a third (and final) year PhD student at Ulster University. His project aims to develop a novel method of delivering antibiofilm compounds directly to an infected wound bed in patients.

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  • How to Write a Research Proposal

How to Write a Research Proposal - Structure and Guidelines

To obtain any higher degree of education, you will be required to write a research paper as a part of your final project. A research proposal is written before you write your research paper. It is a description of your research topic and the details of your paper. There is a particular format for writing a research proposal. To learn more about what a research proposal is, go through this article.

Table of Contents

What is the purpose of a research proposal, abstract and table of contents, introduction, aims and objectives, background significance, literature review, research design and methodology, research questions, suppositions and implications, bibliography, tips to write a research proposal, frequently asked questions on writing a research proposal.

The purpose of writing a research proposal is to present the plan for the research. It can also be written as a proposal for the research project’s funding. First, a research proposal is sent to the guide or mentor for approval. Only after their approval can you proceed with the research.

No matter what your reasons are for drafting a research proposal, the format remains the same. The researcher portrays how and why the research topic is relevant to the field. They explain the research gap and the ways to fill up the research gap. A research proposal also proves that the author can conduct the research and make a significant contribution to the field’s current status. To do this, your research proposal must detail your academic history and credentials and also establish the academic worth of your proposed ideas.

Listed below are the important things to be covered in a research proposal.

  • The research methodology
  • The research tools and procedures to be used by the researcher to collect and analyse the data
  • Explanation of how the research can fit the budget and other restrictions imposed by the institution, department, or academic program

Structure of a Research Proposal

A research proposal must include the following.

An abstract and table of contents are added at the beginning of the research proposal, just before the introduction. An abstract talks about the research in brief. It can also include keywords used in the proposal towards the end.

Like in any other academic writing, the introduction of a research proposal introduces your research idea. It covers the research problem and the questions it raises. The introduction provides the context for your research. It must be precise and must cover all the relevant information. Be careful not to make it look like all the information is crammed into one paragraph.

This is an important section of a research proposal. This is where you explain your objectives for conducting the research and what you intend to achieve through it. This will help the reader understand your point of view more clearly. Mention the objectives in bullet points.

This is the section where you explain why the research is essential and how it is related to the field. You have to also explain the research problems and why you have to work on them here.

The literature review plays a vital role in a research proposal. In this section, you will explain information related to the study from books, articles and other sources. The main objective here is to establish the research gap.

After the literature review, the important thing to discuss in the research proposal is the research methodology and the design of your research. In this section, you will mention about,

  • The type of research to be conducted – qualitative or quantitative. You will have to mention if the data is collected originally by you or if you are analysing other researchers’ works.
  • You will also have to explain if you are conducting an experimental, correlational, or descriptive type of research.
  • Discuss the data you are working with. If you are conducting social science research, for example, you will have to describe the demographic you are looking at. You must also explain how you will choose your subjects and collect data from them.
  • Also, explain the tools to be used while conducting the research. It can be surveys, interviews, videos, etc.

After looking at your research and the type of research, you can also add information regarding the budget, time frame, and obstacles.

Research questions direct you to stick to the research and not deviate from it at any point. It can be two to four or five questions that you seek to find answers to with your research.

Although you will not know the findings of your research until you’ve completed it, you should have a clear sense of how your work will benefit your field before you begin. This section of your research proposal is likely the most important because it expresses why your research is vital. You can explain the below-given points in this section.

  • How your research will create the foundation for future research.
  • How it can be challenging to the already existing theories.
  • How it adds practical value to the practitioners, researchers, teachers, etc.
  • The problems that you may have to work on and fix.
  • Policies that can be impacted by your findings.
  • How your findings can be implemented in academics, and how they can transform the system.

Primarily this section talks about the value that your research can add. Rather than talking about the exact result or exact answer, you can discuss the expected outcomes.

The conclusion contains the overall summary of the proposal. Make sure you do not end it abruptly.

A bibliography plays a crucial role in a research paper as well as a research proposal. It is the list of sources you have referred to and cited to avoid plagiarism and copyright issues. At times, the full list of the bibliography is not needed. In such a case, we can just add the reference list. You can seek help from your guide or supervisor for the correct format.

  • Include all the information regarding the final research paper to make it understandable to the supervisor, guide, etc.
  • Citations play a major role. Cite every source you have referred to and used.
  • Follow one format of writing, e.g. MLA format, APA format, etc. Consult with your guide and find out which format you have to follow to write your research proposal.
  • Establish a strong argument for your research proposal because your objective is to make your reader say “Yes” to your proposal.
  • Proofread and edit it to avoid any possible errors.

What are the essential components of a research proposal?

The essential components of a research proposal are the introduction, literature review, research questions, aims and objectives, and the research methodology.

Why is a research proposal written?

A research proposal is written to seek approval from the research guide, to get financial support, or to prepare a representation of your research plan and strategies.

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Blog Kaise Banate Hain ? Step-by-Step Guide aur SEO Tips 2023

Table of Contents

Blog Kaise Banate Hain ?

Is article mein hum janenge ki “Blog Kaise Banate Hain” aur SEO techniques ka istemal karke kaise apne blog ko Google me pahle se hi maijud lakhon blogs me se apne blog ko ek alag pehchan kaise dilaye aur kaise use google ke front page yani pratham prishtha par laye taki jyada se jyada log aapke us blog ko padhkar uska laabh ya aanad utha saken.

Aaj ke digital Jamane me, blog banane ka trend tezi se badh raha hai. Social Media ya Internet se juda lagbhag har dusra vyakti apna khud ka ek blog banana chahata hai aur us se paise kamana chahata hai. Jo log blog banate hain unhe blogger kahte hain, aur blog banane ki prakriya ko blogging kahte hain.

Agar aap apna ek khud ka blog banakar blogging karna chahte hain aur ek successful blogger banna chate hain aur apne vicharom ya gyan ko duniya ke samne rakhna chahte hain, to is blog ko dhyan purvak padhen.

 Yeh step-by-step guide aapko ek achhi SEO wali blog banane mein madad karegi.

Note: Is post me kisi bhi jagah yadi koi english shabd shabd samjh me na aaye to Google Translator ka prayog kar sakte hain.

Blog Kaise Banate Hain

Blog Ke Liye Sahi Vishay Ka Chunav

Ek Achha blog banane ke liye sahi topic ya vishay(blog niche) ka chunav karna bahut zaroori hota hai. Blog ke liye ek sahi vishay ka chuna kisi research se kam nahi hota, aur ek acchhe se research kia hua blog ke vishay ka chayan, aapke blog ko badi hi aasani se Google ke 1st page par lane me madad karta hai.

Ek blog ke liye Google ka 1st page par aana bahut hi matvpurna vishay hai kyuki pure internet par maujud yahi wah sarvottam jagah hai jaha se aap apne blog ko adhik se adhik logo tak pahucha sakte hain aur apne blog par jyada se jyada traffic la sakte hain, Jo ki aapke ek sahi blog ke vishay chayan se hi sambhav hai.

Apne blog ke liye sahi vishay(Topic research ya niche selection) se pehle aap apne readers ko samjhe, popular Keywords aur Trends ke baare mein jaan len, aur apni ruchi  aur anubhav ke aadhar par topic ka chayan karen.

Ek Blog Niche Selection Ke Samay Dhyan Rakhne Wali Baaten:

Ruchi aur gyan(interest and knowledge).

Ek blog Vishay(Niche) ka chayan karte samay sabse pahle aapko jis baat ka dhyan rakhna chahiye wo hai us vishay me aapki ruchi aur us vishay me aapko kitna gyan hai.

Yadi blogging ke liye aap koi aisa “Niche”(Subject/Topic) chun lenge jisme na to aapki koi ruchi ho aur nahi us Niche ke bare me aapko thik se kuchh pata ho, to ya to aapko apne blogging carrier ko safal banane me bahut samay lag jayega kyuki aap us vishay ke bare me sab kuchh naye sire se sikh-sikh kar karenge, ya to fir aapka blogging carrier shuru hone se pahle hi kahtma ho jayega kyuki aise vishay par aapki ruchi aur gyan na hone ki wajah se na to aap jyada kuchh likh payenge na hi aap use sahi se samajh hi payenge.

Jiska natiza ye hoga ki aapke likhe hue post ki pahli kuchh lines padhte hi aapkw readers ko andaja ho jayega ki aap is vishay me nausikhiye hain na ki expert hain. Aur log apne sawalon ka jawab kisi expert se lena chahte hain na ki kisi nausikhiye se, Jiasa ki aap khud bhi apne man me uthne wale sawalon ke liye chahte honge.

Isliye Blogging Niche ka selection karte samay apni ruchiyon(Hobbies) aur apni yogytaon(expertise/Experience) ka vishesh dhyan rakhe jis se aapko bhi us topic par blog likhte samaya maza aaye aur aap apne readers ko bhi apne blog se koi achhi jankari aur value de paye jiske liye wo aapke blog pe aaye hain.

Dhyan rakhiye ek baar apne reders ko achha Blogging Content dene se wo aapke blog par baar baar ayenge aur aur baar-baar value content dene se aapki website ki ek brand value ban ne lagegi, jiska fayda ye hoga ki google me aake website ya blog ki ranking 1st page par aa jayegi jis se aapke blog ka traffic Prakritik roop se(organically) badhne lagta hai.

Pathkon Ki Ruchi/Jaruraton Sambandhi Jankari(Audience Research)

Apne Kendrit Pathakon(Targeted Audience) ko samjhe. Unki ruchi kis vishya ko lekar adhik hai, Kis vishay ko lekar unke man me baar-baar sawal uth rahe hai jiska samadhan khojne hetu wo Google ka sahara le rahe hain, Unki Umr, Sankhya, Samuh, Sthan aur unki ruchiyon ke baare me jane, Jiske liye aap Google Analytics, Social Media Insight, Google Trends jaise Blogging SEO Tools ka sahara le sakte hain.

Is tarah ki sabhi jankariyo ko ekattha karke uska sanshodhan karna blogging ke chhetra me bahut avashyak hota hai jis se aap, aapki tarah ki hi janakri uplabdh karane wali dusri blogging websites se behtar bolgs bana paye aur unse achhi google ranking pa saken.

Keyword Research

Keyword kya hota hai .

Blogging ke chhetra me keyword research ka bahut mahatva hota hai. Keyword research aapko yah pata lagane me bahut madad karta hai ki log Google par kya search kar rahe hain aur kya type karke kar rahe hain. (Aagee Padhen)

Keyword Research Kaise karte Hain ?

Blog ka outline, blog outline kya hai .

Blog outline ka matlab hota hai, aapke chune hue niche par aapne jis jis tarah ki resaerch kar rakhi ya aapko pahle se jankari hai, Un sabhi jankariyon ko Point to Point yani mahatvpurna mukhya binduo se hai jinke madhyam se aage aap apne post ko krambadhh tarike se likhte hain.

Niche hum iske udahran bh de rahe hain sath hi sarh ise kaise banate hain ye bhi bata rahe hain.

Blog Ki Outline Kiase Banaye?

EK achhe blog aur blogger ki nishani hoti hai blog ka ek achha outline, jise vishay suchi bhi kaha ja sakta hai. Keword Research karne ke baad aapka sabse pahla kaam hona chahiye jis keyword ko aapne select kiya hai uski ek puri rup rekha taiyar ki jaye.

Udahran ke liye agar aapne kisi celebritie ki biography ka chayan kiya hai to uske liye kuchh is traha ka outline hona chahiye:

  • Introduction
  • Personal Life

Dhyan rahe yah ek udahran matr hai, aap chahe to iska anusaran kar sakte hain ya fir is se bhi behtar outline apne blog ke liye taiyar kar sakte hain.

Isi tarah ka outline aap kisi bhi niche ya blog keyword ke liye thodi si research karke bana sakte hain. Chaliye aapki aasan samjh ke liye hum ek aur udahran le lete hain. Maan lete hai aapne “Car” ko apna niche chuna hai aur achhe se keyword research ke baad aapko “Latest Car’s Price” keyword mil gaya hai to aap kuchh is tarah ka outline bana sakte hain:

  • Factors Influencing Car Prices
  • Popular Car Models and Their Prices
  • Luxury Cars and Exotic Models
  • Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
  • Factors to Consider When Buying a Car
  • Tips for Negotiating Car Prices
  • Future Trends in Car Prices

Dhyan rahe har blog ke shuruwat me introduction aur ant conclusion jarur hona chahiye jis se introduction wale part se aapke blog kis bare me hai pata chale aur conclusion wale part me aapke blog ka nishkarsh kya raha ye reders ko pata chal sake.

Outline Detailing

Ek achha outline ready kar lene ke baad outline ki har point par aapko achhe se research karna chahiye, taki us point ki detailing me koi kam kami na rah jaye aur aapke readers jis jankari ki talash me aapke blog par aaye hain unhe use padhkar sampurna jankari mil jaye, jiske baad unhe kisi aur blog website par jane ki jarurat hi na pade.

High-Quality Content

Apke blog ki Content ki quality achhi honi chahiye aur aapka content unique hona chahiye, Kahne ka matlab hai ki aapne jo post likha hai us se reders ko bahrpur jankari milni chahiye aur aisa post likha hona chahiye jaisa pahle kabhi kisi aur ne na likha ho ya kam se kam aapki di hui jankari unse behtar honi chahiye.

Ek achha informative aur unique content aapke blog ka foundation hota hai. Isliye apne readers ko meaningful, informative, aur engaging content hi de iske alawa jab aap apne blog ka ON PAGE SEO karen to Keyword stuffing se bachen aur organic tariko se Target Keywords ka istemal karen to aapke blog par jaldi aur jyada matra traffic aane ke chance badh jayenge.

Dhyan rahe thik  se formatting, subheadings, bullet points, aur paragraphs ka istemal karne se jab google ke bots aapke blog ko crawl karne aayenge to aapka content quickly scan ho sakega,  jise aapke blog ki On Page SEO score improve hota hai jo apke blog ki google ranking me bahut madadgar sabit hoti hai. 

Rich Media Content Ka Prayog

Apne badi mehnat se, jo itna research karke content reay kia hai, Wo bina kisi media content ke adhura hai, Yani ki apne jo blog likha hai usme agar bich bich me aapke content se related kisi tarah ki image ya video ya infographics ka upyog nahi kia to samjhiye aapka content adhura hai.

Is baat ka jarur dhyan rakhe ki jo bhi media type ka use aap kar rahe hain wo aapke blog se related hi hona chahiye, aisa na ho ki aapne blog mango pe likha hai aur image ya video aapne banana ki dal rakhi hai.

Rich media content ka use karne se aapke blog ki value aur badh jati hai aur aapke reders ko ek achha massege jata hai ki aapne blog bas uhi nahi likh diya hai balki aapko is topic ki sach me achhi jankari hai aur aapne kafi research karke ye content ready kia hai.

Blog Post Ka SEO

Seo kya hai .

SEO ka full form hai “Search Engine Optimization”. Yah apne blog post ko google par jaldi rank karane ki ek digital marketing strategy hai, dusre shabdo me iska istemal website ya web pages ko search engine rankings mein sudhar karne ke liye kiya jata hai. Iska uddeshya hai apne website ko organic search results mein upar laane ke liye search engines jaise Google, Bing, Yahoo, aur DuckDuckGo mein better visibility aur higher rankings prapt karna.

SEO Ke Prakar

SEO ke mukhya rup se do prakar hote hain.

  • ON PAGE SEO
  • OFF PAGE SEO

ON PAGE SEO Kya Hai ?

ON PAGE SEO me website ke andar ki taraf ki optimization hoti hai. Yani ki isme aap apne blogging platform ke andar keyword research, high-quality content creation, keyword optimization, meta tags ka istemal, URL optimization, aur internal linking jaise techniques ka istemal karte hain. On-page SEO ka mukhya uddeshya apne web pages ko search engines ke liye relevant aur user-friendly banana hai.

OFF PAGE SEO Kya Hai ?

OFF PAGE SEO me hum website ka bahar se optimization karte hain. Isme backlink building, social media marketing, guest blogging, aur online communities mein participation jaise activities shanmil hai. Off-page SEO ka mukhya uddeshya website ki authority, credibility, aur popularity ko badhakar search engine rankings mein sudhar karna hai.

Dono hi tarah ki SEO aapke blogs ke liye bahut mayne rakhti hai, kyuki aapne ek achha blog to bana liya, par is blog ko logo tak ya yu kahiye sahi logo tak pahuchane ka kaam SEO karta hai. Waise to ON Page SEO karne ke liye hum bahut se small ON PAGE SEO Tools kause karte hain jaise ki Rankmath SEO, Yoast SEO aadi,, Jo khud ba khud humari website ki, blog posts aur pages ki  serch engine optimization kar dete hain, par OFF PAGE SEO ek manul process hai jise hume soch samjh kar khud hi karna hota hai.

Blog Ko PUBLISH Karna

Ek achhe niche selection ke baad, us par achhe se keyword research kar lene ke baad, us par ek achha high quality rich media content likh lene ke baad, aur uska achhe se SEO kar lene ke baad ab bari aati hai aapke blog ko PUBLISH karne ki.

Blog ko publish karna sabse aasan kaam hai par sabse aham bhi, kyuki blog ko publish karne se pahle aapko uskme hone wali sabhi tarah ki galtiyo aur trutiyon ko publish karne se pahle sudhar lena bahut avashyak hota hai. Halanki agar aapke publish karne ke baad bhi koi truti rah jaye to yah kaam aap blog ko reedit karke bhi kar sakte hain, Par yah ek achhe blogger ki nishani hai ki wah ye kaam pahle hi kar leta hai, jis se baad me us blog post ki ranking girne jaisi samasyano ka samna nahi karna padta.

Sabhi tarah ke website builder paltforms jaise blogger, wordpress me publish ka ek button diya hota hai jise click karne par aapka blog post publish ho jata hai, yani ki google me index karne ke liye ready ho jata hai.

Apne Blog Ka Social Media Me Share Karna

Yah aapke blog ki google ranking ke liye aapki taraf se kiya jane wala antim prayas hota hai. Apko sabhi tarah ke blog creation completion process se bane ek achhe Blog ko apne sabhi social media platform par share jarur karna chahiye.

Jis se aapke blog par organic traffic aa sake. In social media platforms ke dwara share kiya gaya aapka post agar logo ko pasand aata hai to dusre social media users bhi ise pane friends aur relatives ko share karte hain jis se aapke post ke views multiply hote jate hain aur google ko ek achha sanket milta hai aapke blog post ko ranking me upper lane ke liye.

Conclusion (Nishkarsh)

Is Blog me humne Blog Kaise banate Hain ki detail me charcha ki hai jisme humne bilkul scratch se ek blog kaise banate hain bataya hai. Agar aap bhi blog banana chahte hain ya aap abhi shuru kar rahe to is blog me humne bade hi aasan si bhasha me ise samjhane ka prayas kia hai jis se hume ummid hai aapko apna pahla blog babane me nishchit roop se madad milegi.

Blog Banane se Sambandhit Humare Anya Blogs

Blogger account kaise banaye , ब्लॉगर पर अकाउंट कैसे बनाएं blogger par id kaise banaye , free hosting vs paid hosting, फ्री वेब होस्टिंग बनाम पेड वेब होस्टिंग, ब्लॉग कैसे बनाते हैं 100% free blog kaise banate hain .

How To Creat Blogger Account ?

How to make a blog ? How do i make a blog ?

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